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in

of

of

."

, of

of

to

how

,

is

place

or

wrong

the

in

,

where the
ever innocently
the wrong form

in

)

is

20

(

.

copyright notice

relief

,

be .

,

a

of

;

is

,

or

an

or

a

an

-

,

on

,

in

of

,

-

or

on

,
i.
e
.,

on

on

.

a

Thus
book containing
the
notice
the third page
the
second leaf
elsewhere
than
the title page
might not
following
the page immediately
infringement
protectable
case
The
copyright notice can probably however
placed
being
safely and preferably
the first page
part
specially
copyrighted
the title page
book
introduction preceding
non
copyrighted work
appended notes
index
upon specific illustrations
perhaps
and this
preferable
copyrighting
editions with such fea
tures
works otherwise
the public domain
periodical
parts
the case
articles
composite work separately copyrighted
registered
copyright

or

In

a

of

or

.

in

a

in

to
an to

accidental omission
the copyright notice from
certain copies sect
the statute
otherwise
specific and there seems
be no means

as

A

,

,

(

each volume

periodical published

shall suffice
Although the Code
1909 relieves the copyright
proprietor from permanent forfeiture
the case

,

in

as

(

.

,

no

)

copyright

newspaper

in

-

-

,

.

v

of

in

That one notice
each number

of

of

in

in

as

(

of

of

,

a

who has been misled
the omission
the notice
permanent
infringement
and
suit
injunction shall
had unless the copyright pro
prietor shall reimburse
the innocent infringer
his reasonable outlay innocently incurred
the
court
discretion shall
direct
further provided
sect
That the
copyright shall
applied
notice
the case
upon
book
other printed publication
title
page
following
the page immediately
periodical either upon the title page
upon
the
first page
text
each separate number
under
the title heading
musical work either upon
title page
the first page
music
Provided

,

,
of

it

,

be

.

.

v

in

,

,

in

,

prevent re
shall not invalidate the copyright
covery for infringement against any person who
begivs
after actual notice
the copyright
infringe
undertaking
but shall prevent the
recovery
damages against
innocent infringer

of

,
of

to

,

in

,

,

or

,

of

,

of

in

or

)

in

Snow

proprietor has sought
comply with
this Act with respect
notice
the omission
accident
mistake
the pre
particular copy
copies
scribed notice from

an

-

is

be

;

or of

of

of

of

.

V

)

for

,

a

the true date was 1867 there was
harm done
year
the public because
the copyright which
really ended
1895 instead
1894 was given
the public
whereas
the previous
case

1895

the copyright

the provisions

be or

of

,

on

if

.

a

in

ofof

the date
the entry
the
Taylor when 1847 was
American case
Baker
put
1846 makes the copyright ivvalid
later
Myers held that
Callaghan
decision
1888
copyright notice gave the year 1866 while
where

was held

microscopic objec
Mast
within the law
Sarony instead
Napoleon Sarony
tion that
was not
name was promptly quashed
copyright law
An important safeguard new
enacted
the provision
sect
That where

a

.
, B.”

.

,

,

it

of

dersley

the abbreviated

of

,

A

at by

of

,

of

.
B
., .

.”

“

),

in

,

A

by

.,
be "

of

,

“

is

,

,

",

“

or as

is

omission
either
the three requisites
the word copyright
its abbreviation the
printed works and the
date
the case
name
the proprietor
the case
works
art his sign would make the notice
void and
no effect
The exact phraseology
and order
words must
followed and
has
been held that any inaccuracy
the name
the copyright proprietor
the English
case
Routledge by Vice Chancellor
Low
Kin

additional year was claimed .
This decision , how
ever , is not a safe precedent , as doubt was thrown
on it by Judge Wallace in the same year in Schu
macher v . Wogram .
The substitution
1894

or

of

be

of

-

. ,

of

.

of

to

of

(

in
in

in

or

of

by

in

of

,

go

is

in his-

in

of

,

be

of

,

or

or

on

.

-

-

(
C
or ),

,

on

:

,
or of ,

,

:

,

a

,

of

,

,

-

,

to

(f
)

,

-

of in

,

In

in

C

by

of

of of

pub
was secured
copies
lication
the case however
works
specified
sub sections
inclusive
sec
tion five
this Act the notice may consist
the
letter
inclosed within
circle thus
accom
symbol
panied
the initials monogram mark
the copyright proprietor
Provided That
some
accessible portion
such copies
the margin
pedestal
back permanent base
the sub
stance
which such copies shall
mounted
name shall appear
But
the case
works
subsisting when this Act shall
which copyright
copyright may
into effect the notice
either
one
the forms prescribed herein
one
those prescribed
the Act
June eighteenth
eighteen hundred and seventy four
Under the law
1874 the prescribed notice was
the old form Rev Stat 4962
Entered accord
ing
Congress
Act
the year
Congress
the office
the Librarian
Wash
ington with the optional alternative
the form
Copyright 184
Under the new Code
preserved with the alternative
the latter form
Copr
the provision
with date and name but
the longer form may
used
books copyrighted
reprinted after the
under the earlier Acts even
Except for books pre
passage
the later Act
viously copyrighted
the longer form
not now
dangerous
the legal notice and its use would
does not contain the specific word copyright
its abbreviation now made an obligatory part
the notice
The courts have been disposed
hold
that longer notice embodying the required words
merely pleonastic and not illegal but that any

(k ,
), of

copyright

which the

.

year

of by

,

nine of this Act shall consist either of the word
Copr .,' accom * Copyright ' or the abbreviation
panied by the name of the copyright proprietor ,
and if the work be a printed literary , musical , or
dramatic work the notice shall include also the

)

2

a

(

�A

,

.

old

.

v

,

,

be

to

in in

by

,

a

, ,

a

a

to

,

of to

on be

,

to

,

is

is

a

is

It

.

.

in

be

on

ad

in

or

46
a )
“

. .

(

an

to

is

of

; ,

,

a

of

,

,

in

in

is

in

of

in

of

."

in

,

by

in

or

,

as

under any other circumstances
where some par
magazine publication
ticular right
dramatisa

probably invalidate

the copyright

A

.

has been sold and assigned
substitution
name under such specific assignments would

tion

.

. -

of as

,

,

on

it

give

later

applies only where the entire copyright has been
assigned and the assignment duly recorded
the
Copyright Office
provided
law
and does not
permit
change
name
the copyright notice
as

,

a

or

,

of

,

the

should
noted that the copyright
notice
not required
books published
language
abroad
the English
before
publication
this country
entered for
interim copyright and therefore that within
sixty days after the publication abroad
language
book
the English
such
book
may be protected by American registration
copyright
though containing no notice
and within this period inquiry at the Copy
right Office
necessary
determine the
status
the book
assign
provided
sect
that when
specified book
ment
the copyright
other
work has been recorded the assignee may substitute
his name
that
the assignor
the statutory
copyright prescribed by this Act
This
notice
for

in

,

no

,

,

in

notice

,

or
or

.

of

or

,

is as
“

of

v
.

,

safe and the wiser course
copyright notice and
proper sequence

the earlier

both

is

,

to

to

in

of

of

with old
two dates

of

,

be

of is

in

,
no

,

be

to

by

in

In

contents might
voided under
doubtful whether
new edition
and new matter one copyright notice with

the whole

sive

this rule

of

-

of

in

on

. ,
B
. .", in

A

in

on

,

Copyright 1910
such cases
same notice
though there
specific decision
1911 by
this point
Under the previous law
book
part the
published
more than one volume
portions not complete
themselves was probably
copyright entry
protected
the first part all
parts being
course ultimately deposited but the
change
pub
the new Code basing copyright
practice
lication with notice changes this rule
Dwight
Appleton
the case
1840
was

appear in every new edition newly copyrighted , as
well as the new notice , so long as it is desired to
protect the matter contained
the
edition
decision
Justice Clifford
Lawrence
Dana
superfluous but his decision
1869 ruled this
proprietor may not
contrary
the rule that
longer term
claim through the copyright notice
than the law permits since
later date referring
comprehen
only
new matter but apparently

a

of

-

In

it

pro

-

a

,

is

,

,

or

, .
of

in

a

of

,

at

or

at

,

.

,

,

of

or

of

-

of

for

,

in

,

if

,

at

in

.

,

for

"

,

of

at

in

be

fee

The proviso ( sect . 61) “ that only one registra required
tion at one
shall
the case
several volumes
the same book deposited
the
same time
indicates that one copyright entry
suffices
several volumes simultaneously published
but each separate volume should contain the notice
Volumes published separately not only
successive
years but
successive dates within the year should
be separately registered and published separately
years must each bear its copyright
successive
publication
notice
the year
this being the
direct sequence from the provision that copyright
publication
dates from the specific date
and not
registration
from the year
date
The Copy
right Office will however under the law register
parts deposited
for one fee volumes
the same
time though published
various times
the
case
book issued
successive parts
which
only the first part includes
title page
title
headings the law
not specific but
seems
copyright
bable that
default
notice
and
registration for each part the parts not bearing
copyright notice might
legally reprinted
and
place the copyright
that the safer course
notice
the first page
each part and register
each part separately
which case the completed
work should have the date
dates
the year
years within which the several parts were published
objections within the law
There seem
coupling two dates
from
court decisions
the

deposit is the secondary and completing
act , and therefore no registry in the Copy .
right Office is necessary to authorise the
printing of the copyright notice , as was
formerly the case .
In the case of successive printings or editions of
entry
a copyrighted
book , the original copyright
must appear in every reprint of the first edition ;
and it would seem that this entry should also

is in

periodical .

may be emphasised
that publication with
notice is the first step in copyright under
the present Code , and that registration on

It

copyrightable
component parts of the work copy
righted and gives to the proprietor of a composite
work or periodical all the rights he would have if
each part were individually copyrighted .
It means
that there need be no repetition of the general
copyright notice on different pages of a book or

held that as the statute did not expressly prescribe
that the copyright notice should appear in succes
sive volumes after the first , this was not necessary ,
but the application of this doubtful decision under
the new Code would be more than questionable . It

It

right in each volume or in each number of a periodi
cal shall suffice , is complementary to the provision
protects all the
( sect . 3 ) by which a copyright

)

,

the copyright notice should appear on the same
page as the title heading . The copyright does not
depend upon the imprint date but on publication ;
thus the Copyright Office registered for copyright
in 1910 a book bearing
the imprint date 1904 on
the statement of the proprietor that it was not
really published till 1910 .
The proviso (sect . 19 ) that one notice of copy

3

of

(

�for

are

to

.” of

by

,

as

,

in

of

of

in

in

(
2
)

A

,

or

(1
)

A

:

of

.

,

(
1
)

A

of

to
a in

or or

A
A
(
4 (
) 3
)

;

,

(5
)

A

by

-

or in

in

-

,

or

,

(
2
)

,

B

U

of

, ,

on in R R

in

a

(2 (1
) )

(
)2

J
or

,

J

(
1
)

;

or

I

;

or

H

of

)

art ,
;
or

;

F

a

by

,

a

(

of

; ; of

(
1
)

,

-

(
2
)

,

- -

(3
)

E

or of

;

D

(
)1

;

D

,

C

;

(

be 1
)

a to B

;

D

,

on

a

of

or

of

subsisting

any

(
1
)

A

an

on

an

be

,

he

if to

D

respectively

card

may prefer

or A

to D
(2
(1 ). is
)

applicant should send for
he

card

as

dramatic

the seal

(3
),

as

A

-

or

to

separately
wishes the affidavit
should obtain also the special blue card
lithographic
photo engraving
used
should obtain also special blue card

,

.

in

,

with

renewal copyright

if

-

six

of ,

of

of

of

a

sealed

print
pictorial illustration
copyright subsisting
any work

.

,
,

In

.

by

as

of

to

,

be

certificate

or

set

A
(
2
)
G
a

,

is

of

of

to

as

,

in or

,

for which

copy

English
the
newspaper

he

-

a

to

of

to

of

as

provided

binding

made
A

is

as in

be

, of of

of

of

a

of

of

,

as

stated
the said affidarit
The Registrar
Copyrights shall prepare
printed form for the
said certificate
filled out
each case
above

foreign

interim

applicant for copyright
work
Thus
American book should send for card
which
may enter his application and also include affi
printing and
davit
American typesetting

he

a

“

:

55
)

30

. ).

(

.

(

is

of

It

receipt

of K

,

"

;

, ,

in

of

book the certificate shall also state the
provided
the affidavit
section
teeu
this Act the date
the completion
the
printing
the date
the publication
the book
case

for sale
renewal
extension

or he ; as

or

in

of

of

claimant

of

any article bearing
and the importation
notice
copyright when no American copyright exists
absolutely prohibited
sect
further provided sect
That
the
entry the person
case
each
recorded
the

the copyright shall
entitled
registration under seal
certificate
the Copy
right Office
contain his name and address the
title
the work upon which copyright
claimed
the date
the deposit
the copies
such work
and such marks
class designation and entry
number
shall fully identify the entry
the

periodical
continously

book

Ad

newspaper
registered
supple
mented by
white blank for depositing single
subsequent issues
lecture sermon
address
prepared for oral delivery
published dramatic
dramatico musical composition
dramatic
dramatico musical composition not reproduced
published dramatico musical com
for sale
position
published musical composition
musical composition not reproduced for sale
these supplemented
blue card
notice
published map
use
mechanical instruments
drawing
sculpture
work
art painting
design for
reproduc
model
work
drawing
plastic work
tion
work
art
photograph
scientific
technical character
published for sale
photograph not reproduced
or or

-

a

of

of

of

a

or

a

to

periodical
periodical

(
2
)

:

“

)

29

be

.

,
or

be

States
foreign language
author
right
book published
abroad
language
contribution

E

,

in

or

a

,

by

or

,

or

of

by

,

,

.

(

by

or

,

within the United

(
)1,

specifically made against false notice

copyright
the enactment sect
That
any person who with fraudulent intent shall insert
copyright required
impress any notice
this
upon any
Act
words of the same purport
uncopyrighted
article
with fraudulent intent
shall remove
alter the copyright notice upon any
guilty
article duly copyrighted shall
mis
punishable
demeanor
fine
not less than
one hundred dollars and not more than one thousand
Any person who shall knowingly issue
dollars
sell any article bearing
notice
United States
copyright which has not been copyrighted
this
country
who shall knowingly import any article
bearing such notice
words
the same purport
which has not been copyrighted
this country
shall
liable
fine
one hundred dollars

or

of

is

.”

of

is

Provision

by

invalidate

in

“

or

any error
classification
copyright protection

]

[

of

claimed
nor shall
impair the

in

which copyright
incidentally provided

numbered
follows
book
citizen
resi
dent
the United States
edition printed
originally published
the United
States
book
abroad
the English language both these being
American manu
double cards including affidavit
supplemented
facture
these being
blue cards
providing
specific instructions
with
for
separate affidavit
American manufacture from
type
plates made
the United States and
photo engraving process
for lithographic
as

."

5

)
to “

.

(

is

it

”,

but

,

)

54

of

he

a

of

,

is

It

belongs

receipt
the copies
the work deposited
complete the registration
prepared
The Copyright Office has accordingly
library card form which
blanks
furnished
applicants free
charge for the several classes
applications mentioned
the law the cards being
pink except
hereafter stated
lettered and
of

to

of

.

in

"

(

,

by

as

to

“

of

the work

classes

of the Copyright Office , shall , upon payment of the
prescribed
fee , be given
to any person making
application
for the same, and the said certificate
shall be admitted
in any
court as prima facie
evidence of the facts stated therein . In addition
to such certificate the Registrar of Copyrights shall
furnish , upon request , without additional fee, a

in

,

of

of

be

of

The method of registration , or rather of applica tion therefor , is not specified in the law , for the
reason that under the code of 1909 deposit succeeding publication is made the act completing the
securing of copyright , and registration is incidental
thereto instead of the first requisite , as was the
case under the previous laws .
The Act provides ( sect . 53 ) : “ That , subject to
Congress
the approval
the Librarian
the
Copyrights shall
Registrar
make
authorised
rules and regulations for the registration
claims
copyright provided
this Act and sect
whenever deposit has been made
the Copyright
copy
any work under the provisions
Office
this Act
shall make entry thereof
provided
sect
that the application for
registration shall specify
which
the stated

)

—

4

in

(

specify

�by

of

,

.

of

,

a

of

to

or

In be

to

it

be

by

.

In

of

by

”

is

.

of

)

six

“

,

is

,

an

to

of

is

,
if
.

,

to

of

"

of

”

,

by

is

an

of

:

“

12

in be
as

)

.

or

(
by

of

,

to

a

of

,

or

a in

be

if

a

in be

,

,

of

of

to in

,

of

of

is

by

of

or

be is

if

or

; of

,

in

or

,

,

,

or in

.

be

to

,

or

by

,

,

,

of

of

.

contribution

contribution special registra

requested one copy
issues
the issue
tion
containing such contribution
the work
copies for sale there shall
not reproduced
deposited the copy print photograph
other
identifying reproduction provided
section eleven
copy print photograph
this Act such copies
accompanied
other reproduction
each
pro
copyright
case
claim
No action
ceeding shall
maintained
for infringement
copyright
any work until the provisions
this
of

.
be

of

in

as

work

be

of -

a

or

,

at

or

-

to

to

,

in in
a

him

to

his

at

of

),

in

(

such

periodical for which

,

.

of

,

of

a

to

a

of

,

cash
as

in

stamps
but not
the risk
the
Copyrights cannot receive
the Registrar
except
personal risk and there
persons known
frequent
fore from
sent

sender
cheques

this Act

in

-

it

,

of to

an be

In or is

no

-

."

,

to

is

.

periodical

the courts would have
decide
promptly
definition
the word
interpretation
and
the implied provision that
copyright
voided meaning that the right
obtain copyright lapses
the process
not com
pleted without undue delay
The completion
the copyright by deposit
copies
covered
the provision sect
That
publication
after copyright has been secured
copyright
provided
the work with the notice
promptly
section nine
this Act there shall
deposited
the Copyright Office
the mail
Copyrights Washing
addressed
the Registrar
ton District
Columbia two complete copies
the best edition thereof then published
which
periodical shall
copies
the work
book
have been produced
accordance with the manu
facturing provisions specified
section
fifteen

,
if

a

.
.
.
.

of

or

in

of

as

in

, ,

is

of in

regular

which case the
Copyright Office will receive
advance
sum
sufficient
cover registration
for the successive
periodical through
period
copies
specified
The fee should be sent by money order
can
issues

otherwise

the question

, ;

in

a

,

of

.

is

of

be

:

,

is

to

one dollar which sum
include
certificate
registration under seal
Provided
That
the case
photographs the fee shall
fifty cents where
certificate
not demanded
For every additional
registration made fifty cents
certificate
copyright
For recording the extension
renewal
provided for
sections twenty three and twenty
longer
four
this Act fifty cents
The law
contemplates record before publication
and
unnecessary and undesirable
send application
money previous
sending
deposit copies
publica
fact
the certificate must show date
anticipated and money
tion publication cannot
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name
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the case
making most applications and
the publishers
ollowing the
the other side the specification
wording
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publication receipt
description
the title
date
receipt
copies and
affidavit where required
entry number
class together with
the seal

a

blanks.

cate

uniform

in case of a contribution to a periodical or for iden
tification of a work not reproduced for sale ) shall
be deposited ; and if a work is published with
notice of copyright , and copies are not promptly
deposited , the copyright
is voided and the pro
prietor becomes subject to penalty three months
(or in case of outlying possessions or foreign coun
tries
months after formal demand
the
Registrar
Copyrights
for deposit copies
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Copy
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rights
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the complet
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against
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penalty for false notice
liable
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in

Similar certificate cards, also of library size ,
uniformly white , are provided for the several classes
of registration , correspondingly lettered and num bered , except that in a few cases where one certifi cate blank serves for more than one class or sub divisions , with the addition of a general form Z to
cover anything unprovided
for in the other certifi -

relation with the Copyright Office . Postage must
be prepaid on the application blank , as there is no
provision for free transmission through
the mails ,
such as applies to deposit copies.
In practice the
application with remittance and the deposit copies
should be simultaneously
sent immediately
after
publication .
The law provides that deposit copies shall be sent
promptly after publication and that tuo complete
copies of the best edition then published (or one copy

,

the work as a dramatic and non -musical work , or
phrase of the law ;
to use the broader alternative
or for D (2 ) if he desires to copyright without
reproducing for sale .
The applicant for a musical
composition , as distinguished
from
a dramatico
musical work , should send for card E ( 1) or E (2 )
respectively .
The art applicant should send for
card G for an original work of art , or card H for a
reproduction , or for a photograph
card
J ( 1) or
card J ( 2) respectively .

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foreign edition
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statement
the name and nationality
the author
and
the copyright proprietor and
the
publication
date
the said book shall
proprietor
secure
the author
ad
copyright which shall have all the
interim
copyright
force and effect given
this
Act and shall endure until the expiration of
thirty days after such deposit
the Copy
in

Office

.”

right

On such works the provisional copyright
made permanent under the provision
sect
That whenever within the period
such
interim protection
authorised
published within
edition
such book shall
the United States
accordance with the
manufacturing provisions specified
section
fifteen
this Act and whenever the pro
deposit
copies
visions
this Act
filing
registration
affidavit and the print
ing
the copyright notice shall have been
duly complied with the copyright shall
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In

the case
English language before publication
this
country the deposit
the Copyright Office
not later than thirty days after its publica
tion abroad
one complete copy
the

,

,

of

fee

a

of

,

is

published requiring one
lished copyrighted work
application fee and deposit
one identifying copy
for the unpublished
work and
second applica
tion
and deposit
two copies promptly after
publication

the

of

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of

in

by

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in

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is

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is
a

It

be

copyright
should
noted that
this class
which
common law copyright fortified
statu
copyright law
tory protection
ideal example
required
double registration
case the unpub

abroad

protection
interim
the provision
sect
That
book published abroad
the

of

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-

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a

be

."

is

reproduced

later

in of

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the work

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books published

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the case

works not reproduced

sale
under
the provision
sect
That copyright may also
had
the
works
author
which copies are not repro
copy
duced for sale
the deposit with claim
right
one complete copy
such work
lecture
similar production
dramatic
musi
photograph
cal composition
other identi
fying reproduction thereof
work
art
drawing
plastic work
But the privilege
copyright secured hereunder shall
registration
not exempt the copyright proprietor from
the
deposit copies under sections twelve and thirteen
In

or

or -

,

of

English language

16

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English from such text cannot
copyrighted
unless the deposit copies
the English translation
manufactured within the United States

,

a

or

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in

copyright

this

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,

of
of

of

of

of

case

twelve

domestic works except that the deposit copies need
not be manufactured within
the United States
thus giving the author the exclusive right
trans
Copies published
lation
America must
course
hear the copyright notice
translation
into

.

In .
”

printed book
periodical
photo engraving the copies deposited
must
manufactured
America
set forth
the manufacturing provision
sect
verified
sepa
the case
book
affidavit
sect
rately treated hereafter and the book copyright
forfeited sect
the event
false affidavit
deposit
Thus failure
the case
books
false affidavit
American manufacture
the
two lapses
formalities which work forfeiture

the

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copyright shall become

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or

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and

and

production
receipt
the postmaster
deposit copies
respect
foreign works
should
noted
foreign origin
that
the original text
work
language
languages other than English
may
formally copyrighted and fully protected
registration
under the same formalities as
claim

lien

“

of

as

of

,

of

of

of

an

work

sections eleven

requested give
receipt therefor and
Act shall
shall mail them
their destination without cost
the copyright claimant
Thus even
the deposit copies should not reach
Washington
case they were burned
the
mails
the copyright proprietor can validate his

be

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by

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in

of

the

void

provided

as

the

follows sect
That should the
copies called for
section twelve
this Act not
promptly deposited
herein provided
the
Registrar
Copyrights may
any time after the
publication
the work upon actual notice require
deposit them
the proprietor
the copyright
and after the said demand shall have been made
default
the deposit copies
the work within
three months from any part
the United States
outlying territorial possession
except
the
United States
within six months from any out
lying territorial possession
the United States
any foreign country
from
the proprietor
the
copyright shall
liable
fine
one hundred
pay
Congress twice
dollars and
the Library
the amount
the retail price of the best edition

to

as for

copyright

1909

of

of failure to deposit , the law of
penalties and finally voiding

case

13

In

provides

It should be noted that the deposit copies may
be deposited either in the Copyright Office or “ in
the mail , addressed to the Registrar of Copyrights ,"
and it is provided (sect . 14 ) : “ That the post
master
whom are delivered the articles deposited

In

to the deposit of copies and regis complied
of such work shall have been

in
a

Act with respect
tration
with ."

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copyright can

maintained

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for violation

be

law

of

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in

doctrine
Wheaton
Peters
refer
the statutes
1790
and 1802
and the
later statutes are most explicit
this point
the same case
Wheaton
Peters Justice
delivering
judgment
McLean
the
the
right
Supreme Court held
that
while
the
may
protected
accrues
that
chancery
compliance with the first require
perfected
ment
the prescribed process
must
complying with the other requisites before
suit
so

.

-

a

,

in

general

ence

on

,

an

in

-

say that the latter
indispens
ourselves
not
copyright than we can take
able requisite
The Supreme Court laid down this
the former

, ",

to

in

of

an

of

of

a

is

possible
room
for construction here
The
right shall attach until these acts
statute says
have been performed
and the court cannot say
the face
this express negative provision
that
right shall attach unless they are performed
prescribed there
Until the performance
right acquired
under the statute that can
play
violated
And
the
case
the
Shaughraun
Boucicault
Hart
1875 Justice
regards copyrights
general
Hunt held
Two acts are by the statute made necessary
upon
more take
be performed and we can

."

of to is

-

-

in

,

by

.

.

in English , from ad interim
Thus an American
author publishing
his work first in German in Berlin , must copyright
and deposit an American -made edition
of his
German text in this country to obtain American
protection , without which his work in German
imported into this country without his
could
independent translation
consent and
his text
publication
into English and
America
could
prevented
not
view
the exact prescription
the method
securing copyright unless the statute
precisely
complied with
Said
the copyright
not valid
There
Parkinson
Laselle
Justice Sawyer

.

protection

,

-

be

its

of

is

be

be

be

of

,

on

to

of

nothing , if his work is

of

,

an

.

of

;

ad

of

a

be noted that an American
author
his work abroad is not benefited by
either of these provisions respecting foreign works .
The provision regarding works in other languages
is specifically confined to a work of foreign origin ,
that is , not by an American author ; and he gains
should

publishing

to

,

or

to

,

-

an

to

,

ad

It

.

.

a

requirements
questionable practice
publish American made copies
failure
the United States would make such notice
false
copyright
notice
The copyright term
the
as

statutory

.

no

all

on

-

,

to

of

a

;

in
to

in

copies and must
included
the American made
publisher
desiring
edition
The
American
reprint
book published abroad
the English
language within sixty days
after publication
without consent
the copyright proprietor must
inquiry from
therefore
assure himself
the
Copyright Office whether the work has been
registered
interim
The printing
American
copyright notice
the foreign edition
antici
pation
the publication
American made
copies thereof within the
edition and the deposit

It

is

to be published an edition manufactured
America , and thus to complete his copyright
This gives a period of ad interim protection ranging
thirty days to sixty days within which to
from
obtain permanent copyright , the exact period
depending upon the number of days elapsing after
publication before deposit of the foreign copy in
the Copyright Office . Thus a copy deposited on
the day of publication will have thirty days in
within which
secure permanent copyright by
the publication
the American made edition
copy
deposited
while
the
thirtieth
day after publication
will have sixty days
deposit
foreign
all
but the failure
the
copy within thirty days after publication
the
publish
American made edition within
failure
thirty days after such deposit will forfeit the right
copyright protection
obtain
and throw
the
foreign work into the public domain despite the
ad interim registration
When
American made
copyright can
published
edition with notice
publication
America simultaneously
with
protection
abroad
interim
course rendered
unnecessary
and such simultaneous publication
the simplest and best practice for publishers
adopt
may
emphasised that the notice
copyright can
omitted only from foreign made
cause

in

term

“

or

,

“

provision requires the same for

interim

at by

The ad

malities and fee as in the case of domestic works
except that only one copy of the foreign work in
English need be deposited , and that this deposit
copy need not contain the statutory notice of
given
American copyright .
The claimant is
thirty days after publication abroad in which to
request reservation and a second thirty days after
deposit of the foreign copy within which to publish

of such foreign work in the English language ,
it would seem , from
the date of publication
abroad rather than from the date of publication
of the American -made edition ; but this would be
of importance only toward the expiration of the
original term and in connection with the renewal
case

dates

a in

extended to endure in such book for the full
term elsewhere provided in this Act .”

)

7

“

(

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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="246">
                <text>Ralston, William Ralston Shedden-</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="247">
                <text>Ralston, William Ralston Shedden- (1828–1889)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="248">
                <text>William Ralston Shedden-Ralston (1828–1889); librarian, folklorist and Russian scholar.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="249">
                <text>Person</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="250">
                <text>Ralston-William-Ralston-Shedden</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3">
        <name>founders</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="41">
        <name>history</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="42">
        <name>translation</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
