https://historysoa.com/files/original/5/498/1904-10-01-The-Author-15-1.pdf 0b6df9252e5d9ff0681f6b474be6bab4 PDF Text Text ���������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em> Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, <em>The Author</em>, 1890<span>–</span>1914, made available together for the first time.<br /><br />Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&amp;collection=&amp;type=&amp;tags=&amp;exhibit=&amp;date_search_term=&amp;submit_search=Search+For+Items&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1904-10-01 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages Page range in volume 1–28 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 19041001 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin The HMuthor. (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) FOUNDED BY SIR WALTER BESANT. Vou. XV.—No. 1. TELEPHONE NUMBER : 374 VICTORIA. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS : AUTORIDAD, LONDON. —______e—~< > —__<_- NOTICES. ++ OR the opinions expressed in papers that are K signed or initialled the authors alone are responsible. None of the papers or para- graphs must be taken as expressing the opinion of the Committee unless such is especially stated to be the case. Tur Editor begs to inform members of the Authors’ Society and other readers of 7he Author that the cases which are from time to time quoted in The Author are cases that have come before the notice or to the knowledge of the Secretary of the Society, and that those members of the Society who desire to have the names of the publishers concerned can obtain them on application. ++ List of Members. Tus List of Members of the Society of Authors published October, 1902, at the price of 6d., and the elections from October, 1902, to July, 1903, as a supplemental list, at the price of 2d., can now be obtained at the offices of the Society. They will be sold to members or associates of the Society only. ———+— The Pension Fund of the Society. Tue Trustees of the Pension Fund met at the Society’s Offices on the 19th of February, and having gone carefully into the accounts of the fund, decided to purchase £250 London and North Western 3% Debenture Stock. Accordingly, the investments of the Pension. Fund at present VOL. XV. OcTroBER 1sT, 1904. [Prick SIXPENCE. ‘to over 140. standing in the names of the Trustees are as follows. This is a statement of the actual stock ; the money value can be easily worked out at the current price of the market :— Consols 24 %....-.c2cecesceececeereceeeers £1000 0 0 Wucal Osns 6.6.62 500 0 0 Victorian Government 3 % Consoli- dated Inscribed Stock ............+-- 291 19 11 War loan 3) 201 9 38 London and North Western 3 % Deben- ture Stock 245502 ce 250 0 0 Motel’: 21.02... £2,243 9 2 Subscriptions from April, 1904. £ s. a. April18, Dixon, W. Scarth . 0-6 0 April18, Bashford, Harry H. 010 6 April19, Bosanquet, Eustace F. 010 6 April 23, Friswell, Miss Laura Hain 0 5 0 May 6,Shepherd,G.H. . : / 0 db 0 June 24, Rumbold, Sir Horace, Bart., G.C.B. : 7 be ©} July 27, Barnett, P. A. 010 0 Donations from April, 1904. May 16, Wynne, C. Whitworth June 23, Kirmse, R. . < June 23, Kirmse, Mrs. R. occu one coo July 21, The Blackmore Memorial Committee : ; 720 0 0 Aug. 5, Walker, William S. : - 2 0 0 —_—_____+—»—+ —____ FROM THE COMMITTEE. ———— + — HE last meeting of the Committee before the Vacation was held.on Monday, July 11th, at 89, Old Queen Street. Thirteen new members and associates were elected, carrying the elections for the current year This number, for the first seven months of the year, is largely in excess of the  2 number for the same period during the last five or six years. There is every sign, therefore, that the Authors’ Society is still continuing to carry on the good work for which it was founded by Sir Walter Besant. The Committee, however, desire to point out—according to the saying that has now become proverbial, that “every man 18 a debtor to his profession ”—that, although some authors may not need the assistance of the Society directly, because they are men of business themselves, or because they employ men of business or literary agents to carry on their work, yet they gain an indirect benefit from the Society’s action, and ought therefore to be members. The Committee elected Viscount Wolseley and Sir William Anson to be members of the Council. It is hardly necessary to mention their qualifica- tions for membership to this body, Lord Wolseley as a distinguished writer on military subjects, and Sir William Anson as one of the most distinguished educational leaders in England. The final form of the address to the Spanish Academy was settled. Those members of the Committee present signed the address, which will be circulated to all the members of the Council of the Society. The Committee of the Blackmore Memorial Fund, through their Hon. Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. R. B. Marston, offered in a letter laid before the Committee to apply the balance of that fund to the pension scheme of the Society of Authors. The Committee of the Society expressed their thanks for the step taken, and the Chairman wrote a letter to the Committee of the Blackmore Memorial Fund stating how glad the Society would be to accept the amount. The question of Colonial postage was again brought forward. Owing to the articles that have appeared in 7'he Author two members of Parliament had made enquiries of the Postmaster- General as to whether it would not be possible to take some steps in the matter. The answers, the Committee regret to state, were unsatisfactory. The Committee, however, instructed the secretary to enquire whether there would be any possibility of bringing the question before the next Postal Congress, and further to write to the Canadian Authors’ Society in the hope that that body might be able to bring some pressure to bear. There were three cases before the Committee. After careful consideration the Committee advised a definite course of action to the members con- -cerned, and considered that they would be in a position to give further assistance if the action suggested did not prove successful. Some discussion took place with regard to the selection and appointment of a United States agent of the Society. THE AUTHOR: Cases. Since the beginning of the vacation there have been twenty-nine cases before the Secretary for settlement. ‘The largest number of these refers to demands for money. Out of fourteen, eight terminated satisfactorily. The Secretary obtained the amounts due to the authors, and the matters were settled. In three of the remaining cases no settlement has been made owing to the fact that in two, the publisher or editor lives in the United States, and in one the member of the Society is absent from England: but negotiations are still in progress. The other cases have only just come to hand with a renewal of the autumn business, and there has been no time to obtain a result. The detention of MSS. has produced eight disputes, in six cases the MSS. have been sent to the office and returned to the authors, but one of the remaining two cannot be taken further owing to the fact that the magazine has closed its offices, and the present address of the proprietors or the responsible parties cannot be discovered. There were four disputes which dealt with the interpretation of contracts, all of which have been satisfactorily settled. Of two questions of account one has ended satisfactorily, and the other is in the course of completion. There was one case of infringement of copyright which only came to the office a few days ago. It is impossible to state, at present, what the final result will be. —— July Elections. Collins, J. Churton 57, Norfolk Square, W. Fraser, W. M. New Killcot Yeal Co., Chulsa. Stafford Villa, Paignton. Sandbach, Cheshire. Giles, Miss Edith . : Hampden-Cook, H., M.A. Mills, Miss Rebe . 22, Lancaster Road, Brighton. Keeton, A. E. Lyceum Club, 128, Piccadilly, W. Cambridge Lodge, Wat- ford, Herts. 29, Spruce Hill Road, Walthamstow, N.E. Ray, Rex Ross, Paul Stawell, Mrs. Rodolph . St. Mary’s Court, Shrewsbury. Thorp, Walter Limerick. Wallis, H. M. Ashton Lodge, Reading. Weddell, George The North Cottage, St. George’s, New- castle-on-Tyne. One member alone desires neither his name no his address printed. :  i THE AUTHOR. 3 BOOKS PUBLISHED BY MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY. — + (In the following list we do not propose to give more than the titles, prices, publishers, etc., of the books enumerated, with, in special cases, such particulars as may serve to explain the scope and purpose of the work. Members are requested to forward information which will enable the Editor to supply such particulars.) ARCHAOLOGY. SanD BURIED RuINS OF KHoTAN. By M. A. STEIN. 8% xX 53. 503 pp. Hurst & Blackett. ART. GREAT Masters. With Descriptive Text. By SrrR MARTIN Conway. Parts XX., XXII, XXII. Heinemann. 5s, each. In OrHyeR PEOPLE’s SHOES. Thirty Humorous Car- toons. By Tom Browne. 8} X 114. Weekly Yelegraph. is. ni. BIOGRAPHY. Harry Furniss At Home. Written and Illustrated by Himself. 93 x 6,271 pp. Unwin. 16s, n. BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG. THE PRINCE HEREDITARY. A Romance for Boys. By M. BRAMSTON. 74 X 5,251 pp. Simpkin. 2s. ScHOoLBOYS THREE. By W.P. KELLY. 73% X 5, 320 pp. outledge. 3s. 6d. DRAMA. Lost ANGEL OF A RUINED PARADISE. A Drama of Modern Life. By the VERY Kev. P. A. SHEEHAN, D.D. 8 X 54,168 pp. Longmans, 3s. 6d. EDUCATIONAL. WASHINGTON IRVING'S COMPANIONS OF COLUMBUS. DEFOERE’s JOURNAL OF THE PLAGUE. RICHARD HAWKINS’ VOYAGE INTO THE SouTH SEAS. (Blackie’s English School Texts.) Edited by W. H. D. Rous, Lirt.D. 64 x 44,128 4+ 1124 128 pp. Blackie. 8d. each. FICTION. Tom Dawson. By FLORENCE WARDEN. 388pp. Chatto& Windus. 6s. THE LIFE WE Live. By Geko. R. SIMS. 239 pp. Chatto & Windus. 1s. A BACHELOR IN ARCADY. By HALLIWELL SUTCLIFFE. 7% x 6,310 pp. Unwin. 6s. HADRIAN THE SEVENTH. By FR. ROLFE. 412 pp. Chatto & Windus. 6s. Tommy & Co. By JEROME K. 302 pp. Hutchinson. 6s. Lovers AT FAULT. By F. WHISHAW. 7} X 54, 312 pp. White. 6s. LINDLEY KAys. Methuen. 6s. THE EXTRAORDINARY CONFESSIONS OF DIANA PLEASE. By BERNARD CAPES. 7} X 5.301 pp. Methuen. 6s. IDYLLS OF THE SEA. By F. T. BULLEN. (Cheap Edition.) 74 Xx 49, 266 pp. Grant Richards. 1s. n. THE CHALLONERS. By E. F, Benson. 7% X 5, 306 pp. Heinemann. 6s, THe MAKING oF A Man. By E. H. LAcon WATSON. 7% Xx 54,293 pp. Brown, Langham, 6s. 64 X 3%, 7% x 44, JEROME. 7} X 44. By Barry PAIN. 7# X 3, 405 pp. A FooL WITH WOMEN. 295 pp. ACCUSED AND 72 X 5, 328 pp. THE HERBS OF By FRED WHISHAW. John Long. 6s. . ACOUSER. 3y ADELINE SERGEANT. Methuen. 6s. MEDEA. By TEX 5 THEOPHILA NORTH (DoroTHEA HOLLINS). 7 X 43, 121 pp. Elkin Mathews. 2s. 6d. n. A WEAVER OF WEBS. By JOHN OXENHAM, 7} X 5}. 31l pp. Methuen. 6s. THE HONOURABLE BILL. 394 pp. Arrowsmith. 6s. Tue REVEREND JACK. By 72 x 54,455 pp. Drane. 6s. Jupy’s Lovers. By KATHERINE TYNAN. 298 pp. White. 6s. THE PASSING OF ARTHUR. 72 x 54,220 pp. Nash. 3s. 6d. DouBLE HARNESS. By ANTHONY 390 pp. Hutchinson. 6s. A LADDER OF Sworps. By SIR GILBERT PARKER, M.P. 74 X 5,286 pp. Heinemann. 6s, Marcus AND Faustina. By F. Carrer. 72 x 5. 331 pp. J. Long. 6s. THrey TWAIN. By Mrs. AUBREY RICHARDSON, 312 pp. Unwin. 6s. 3y Fox RUSSELL. 7% X 5, NAUNTON COVERTSIDE. 2 xX OE, By CosMo HAMILTON. Hope. 72% xX 5, 7% X 5, THE SCARLET CLUE. By Si1LAsS HockING. 8 X 54, 434 pp. EF. Warne. 3s. 6d. THE MARK OF CAIN, By ANDREW LANG. 84 X 54, 122 pp. Arrowsmith. 6d. Nyrra. By Mrs. CAMPBELL PrAgD. T. Fisher Unwin. 6s. Fate's Hanpicap. By Emity PEARSON FINNEMORE, 74 X 5. 320 pp. Digby Long & Co. 6s. A Game of Love. By GERTRUDE WARDEN. Digby Long & Co. 6s. THe YELLOW Hanp. By ALLEN UpwaArp. Digby Long & Co. 6s. Rep Cap TALES. By S. R. CROCKETT. Harts IN EXILE. By JOHN OXENHAM. Stoughton. 6s. GENEVRA, By C. MARRIOTT. 73 X 5. 68. THE GREEN EYE OF GOONA. 73 x 5,310 pp. Nash. 6s. A. & C. Black. 6s. Hodder & 312 pp. Methuen. By ARTHUR MORRISON. THe HAppy VALLEY. By B. M. Croker. 7} X 5, 312 pp. Methuen. 6s. Tue Evin THAT MEN Do. By M. P. SHIBL. 7} X 5, 367 pp. Ward Lock. 6s. MEADOWSWEET AND Rug. By Sizas K. Hockine, Chapman & Hall. 6s. By Marie CoreLii. Methuen. 6s. By W.E. Norris. 7} X 5,305 pp. 72 X 5, 310 pp. Gop's Goop MAN. NIGEL’S VOCATION. Methuen. 6s. THE FLORENTINE CHAIR. Lueas. 74 X 5, 224 pp. Appleton. 3s. 6d. AN LImpossinLe HusBaAnp. By FLORENCE WARDEN. 73 x 5,320 pp. J. Long. 6s. OnE PRETTY MAID AND OTHERS. 73 x 5,314 pp. J. Long. 6s. Mrs. BeLFort’s STRATAGEM. By THOMAS CoBB. 7% X 5, 320 pp. Nash. 65. THe QuUEEN’s ADVOCATE. By A. W. 72 X 5,422 pp. Ward Lock. 6s. Secret History or To-DAy. By ALLEN UPWARD. 74 xX 5, 310 pp. Chapman & Hall. 6s. Tus Jumprnac Frog. By Mark Twain. 66 pp. Harper. 28, n. A Comic Idyll. By St. John By MAy CROMMELIN, MARCHMONT. 8} X 54, HISTORY. Adventures and Perils By Henry CHARLES MOORE. Religious Tract Society. 2s. TrrouGH FLroop AND FLAME. of Protestant Heroes. 8 x 54, 319 pp.  LITERARY. THE MASTERS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. By STEPHEN GWYNN. 7 X 43,424 pp. Macmillan. 3s. 6d. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAURICE MABTERLINCK, and Other Sketches of Foreign Writers. By W. L. COURTNEY. 7 x 44,174 pp. Grant Richards. 3s. 6d. n. a ALFRED TENNYSON. By ANDREW LANG (Cheap Edition). 84 X 5%, 233 pp. Blackwood. 6d. n. MEDICAL, Goop DiGEsTION. 160 pp. SOME OF MY RECIPES, WITH PRICES AND REASONS. 112 pp. By EUSTACE MILES. 74 x 49. (The Fitness Series.) Routledge. 1s. each. NATURAL HISTORY. BRITISH SALT Water FisHes. By F. G, AFLALO. 10} x 72, 328 pp. Hutchinson. 12s. 6d. PHILOSOPHY. Tue ScIENcE of Lire. By Mrs. CRatcin. 7 X 44; 60 pp. Burns & Oates. 2s. n. POLITICAL. Arrica’s NATIONAL REGENERATION. By E. I’, CHIDELL. Thomas Burleigh. 78 pp. ls. THE CANADIAN ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, 1903. By J. CASTELL HopxKins. 595 pp. Toronto : The Annual Review Publishing Company. SCIENCE. HypromEcHANIcs: Part I., Hyprosratics. By W. H. BESANT, Sc.D., F.R.S., Fellow and late Lecturer of St. John’s College, Cambridge ; and A. S. RamsEy, M.A., Fellow cf Magdalen College, Cambridge. G. Bell & Sons. 6s. SPORT. A HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH TURF. By T. A. Cook, F.S.A, 3 Vols. 123 x 10,741 pp. Virtue. 32. 3s. TECHNICAL. CoAL CUTTING BY MACHINERY IN AMERICA. By A.S. E. ACKERMANN, A.C.G.S., A.M.L.C.E. 9% x 74, 182 pp. 68 Illustrations. The Colliery Guardian Co., Ltd. 12s, n. HYDRAULICS. With Working Tables. By E. 8. BELLASIS. Demy 8vo. 160 Diagrams. Rivington. 16s. THEOLOGY. SERMONS ON SOCIAL SUBJECTS. Compiled by the REV. W. H. Hunt. 7% X 5, 252 pp. Skeffington. 5s. TRAVEL. A Tramp’s Nore Boor. By 73 x 5,312 pp. White. 6s. FurtTHER INDIA. By HUGH CLIFFORD, C.M.G. Edited by J.Scotr KETIE, LL.D. 9 x 6,378 pp. Lawrence & Bullen. 7s, 6d. MorLEY ROBERTS. oe ie THE AUTHOR. LITERARY, DRAMATIC, AND MUSICAL NOTES. MONG the autumn books is a story for boys and girls entitled “ Father M.P.,” by Miss Theodora Wilson Wilson. Messrs. Nelson & Son are the publishers. “The King’s Coming” is the title of an_his- torical novel by Florence Wynne. The book relates to the State entry of their Majesties, the King and Queen, into Ireland, in 1903, and gives some historical account of the places visited by their Majesties and of the present condition of the country. Skeffington & Co. “Rita” is doing a special series of articles for London Opinion, which are to appear simul- taneously in the New York Herald. The series— twelve in all—are entitled ‘“‘ Confidences of a Beauty Doctor.” ‘« Rita’s” new novel, “‘ The Silent Woman,” is a romance of the Peak district of Derbyshire. It is a story developed somewhat on the lines of “The Sinner,” one of this author’s most popular books. C. Gasquoine Hartley (Mrs. Walter M. Gallichan) is publishing two books upon art during the autumn season. One of the works is “ A Record of Spanish Painting,” with illustrations, which will be pub- lished by the Walter Scott Publishing Co. ; and the other, which will contain reproductions of pictures, will be issued by Seeley & Co., and is entitled ‘‘ Pictures in the Tate Gallery.’’ A novel by the same author, with the title of “ The Weaver's Shuttle,” will appear shortly. Messrs. Greening & Co. are the publishers. Walter M. Gallichan has been engaged for some time upon a novel of Welsh character. The scene of the story is on the south side of the Berwyn Mountains. “ Fishing and Travelling in Spain,” by this writer, was published lately by Robinson & Co., and has been well received by reviewers. Mr. Gallichan is contributing a monograph upon “Cheshire ” to Messrs. Methuen’s “ Little Guides” series. Health and Beauty is the title of a magazine edited by the Rev. J. P. Sandlands. The price of this work —No. 8 of which appears this month— is one penny. The August issue contains a number of articles and paragraphs which cannot fail to interest all those who are concerned in the preservation of health, and the destruction of disease. Miss Mary Rowsell has published a new edition of her work, “ Hymns and Narrative Verses for Children.” Brown, Langham & Co. (47, Great Russell Street, W.C.) are the publishers.  THE AUTHOR. 5 Madame Albanesi’s next novel will run as a serial in the Queen during January, February and March of 1905, and will afterwards be published in book form by Messrs. Methuen & Co. The American serial rights of the same authoress’s novel “ Capricious Caroline ”»—which was published in book form by Messrs. Methuen & Co. in the middle of September—have been purchased by Ainslie’s Magazine. Mrs. Alfred Baldwin will shortly publish a volume of stories, “The Pedlar’s Pack,” illustrated by Mr. Charles Pears, Messrs. R. and C. Chambers being the publishers. ‘The same authoress will also publish, through Mr. Elkin Mathews, ‘‘ A Chaplet of Verse for Children,” illustrated by Mr. John D. Batten. Mr. Michael MacDonagh, who recently wrote a “Life of Daniel O’Connell,” has written another Irish historic work entitled ‘‘ The Viceroy’s Post- bag,” which Mr. John Murray will publish in October. The work consists of two books, one dealing with the Union between Treland and Great Britain, and the other with the insurrection organised by Robert Emmet, in 1803. Messrs. Chapman and Hall are the publishers of Miss Violet Hunt’s latest novel, “Sooner or Later.” The book, which is a study of a primitive society woman and a morbid Bohemian one, is dedicated to Mr. Henry James. “At the Moorings” is the title of a new work by Miss Rosa Nouchette Carey, which Messrs. Macmillan & Co. have published in England, and Messrs. Lippincotts in America. Miss Arabella Kenealy’s new novel, “ The Marriage Yoke,” will be published by Messrs. Hurst and Blackett, on October 10th. Mr. Cutcliffe Hyne is at present engaged on a series of tales on the Buonaparte period, which will appear in Pearson’s Magazine here, and in the States. The same author’s new book, “ Atoms of Empire,” will be published in the United Kingdom by Messrs. Macmillan, and in New York by the Macmillan Co. ‘Translations of this work will appear in France, Germany, and Denmark. “The Chronicles of Baba,” with the sub-title as a “Canine Teetotum,” is a new work edited by Miss M. Montgomery-Campbell, which Messrs. Jarrold & Sons are publishing in October. The price is 3s. 6d. The book will commend itself to all who desire to encourage kindness to animals. The same firm is also publishing, at the price of 1s. 6d., a volume by the same author, entitled “My very, very Own.” Each chapter in the work consists of a ‘straight talk,” in which homely every-day things are used as parables. We understand that Mr. M. H. Speilmann has been appointed to write the authorised biography of the late Mr. G. F. Watts. Mr. Spielmann’s long connection with art and the literature of art renders him peculiarly fitted for the task. Mr. Rider Haggard’s novel, “The Brethren,” which has been running serially through Cassell’s Magazine, was published on September 30th by Messrs. Cassell & Co. Messrs. Cassell & Co., we understand, are pro- ducing a re-issue of “Sports of the World.” There will be no alteration in the text of the work from the former issue, which was edited by Mr. F. G. Aflalo. Early in October Messrs. Bell will publish a poetical drama, entitled “Queen Elizabeth,” by Mr. W. G. Hole, the author of “Procris,” and of a volume of “ Poems, Lyrical and Dramatic.” The play is being published by arrangement with Mrs. Brown Potter, who has acquired the acting rights. Mr. A. Pavitt (“Saxo-Norman’’) has published, with Stevens & Haynes, of Bell Yard, E.C., a volume of 402 pages—“ Droit Anglais Usuel, 1904” —dedicated to the Right Hon. Sir F. H. Jeune, G.C.B. It sums up, in the French language, the history and present state of the General Law of England. The author is assisted by Simon J uquin, of the Paris Bar. An eminent Judge—M. Le Poittevin—has written a preface, containing an eulogy of the Bench of England and our law-abiding people. Both preface and contents will interest those of our readers who seek for a simple arrange- ment of a complicated subject. Price 6s. 6d. Raymond Jacberns’ new books for children and girls this season are “A School Champion” (Chalmers), “ ‘The Girls of Cromer Hall” (Nelson), ‘A Family Grievance ” (Gardner, Darton), “ Home Fetters” (S.P.C.K.). A long school story, ‘ The First Term,” will run serially in Swnshine Magazine during 1905. Mr. T. Werner Laurie is publishing a new novel entitled, “Playing the nave,” by Florence Warden, author of “The House on the Marsh.” The scene is laid in an old English country house and the adjoining chapel, and the motor car plays a prominent part. “ Fruit and Flowers for the Home’’ is the title of a work by Mrs. Richmond, which will be published by Mr. George A. Morton, of Edin- burgh, in October. The price of the publication which has been compiled from papers appearing in “The Queen ”’—is 5s. Mr. J. Eveleigh Nash in England, and Messrs. Page & Co. in the United States, will publish early in February “ Jezebel’s Husband,” by Mark Ashton, author of “She Stands Alone,” ‘“ The Nana’s Talisman,” &c. The book is a Biblical  6 yomance, having Judea for a background, the infamous Jezebel for its central figure, and her intrigues and ambitions for its motive. Messrs. Kegan Paul & Co. announce for October a new issue (the 15th) of “The Collected Works of Sir Lewis Morris,” in one volume. The great success during the past year of their “ Miniature Edition of the Epic of Hades,” and of the “Selec- tions” from the writer’s works, published by Messrs. Routledge, has led to the exhaustion of the last edition, which has been out of print since July. In addition to eight new poems of importance, the new issue will, we believe, contain the writer’s unpublished drama, “ The Life and Death of the Emperor Leo, the Arminian,” derived, like his “Gycia,” from Byzantine history, neither of which has so far secured representation on the stage. The issue will include a new portrait by Mr. Henry Giles, of Carmarthen, the first taken since 1894. “ Chance, the Juggler,” by E. C. Heath Hosken and Coralie Stanton, has just been published by Messrs. Hutchinson & Co. Mr. John Lane has published a new historical novel of Cornwall, by Canon Thynne. The hero of it is Sir Bevill Granville, grandson of the famous Sir Richard. Mr. Stanley J. Weyman will produce a book with the same firm entitled “The Abbess of Vlaye,” and Mr. Wilfrid Ward is producing a memoir of Mr. Aubrey de Vere, who was for long a member of the Society. The memoir is based on. unpublished diaries and correspondence. On August 27th, Mr. Henry Arthur Jones’s new play “The Chevalier,’ was produced at the Garrick Theatre, Mr. Arthur Bourchier taking the réle of “ The Chevalier Mounteagle.” The play is styled “A New and Original Comedy,” and Mr. Bourchier, in an admirable character part, carried out the comedy to perfection. Described as a farce in three acts, “ Beauty and the Barge,” by Mr. W. W. Jacobs and Mr. Louis N. Parker, was produced at the New Theatre, on August 30th. The favourable reception which the play received seems to point to the fact that Mr. Jacob’s humour, always to the fore in his books, in skilful hands is just as suited to the stage. There is, no doubt, a long and successful run in store for the play. The piece was preceded by a curtain-raiser, entitled “ That Brate Simmons,” the result of a collaboration between Mr. Arthur Morrison and Mr. H. C. Sargent. At the St. James’s Theatre, on Saturday, September 3rd, Mr. Alexander produced a play, entitled “The Garden of Lies,” adapted by Mr. Sydney Grundy from Mr. Justice Miles Forman’s story. The: adaptation gives Mr. Alexander an opportunity of acting on lines always acceptable THE AUTHOR. to the audience of the St. James’ Theatre. Miss Lilian Braithwaite could not have played a difficult part with moré characteristic grace. We have to note the production of another play by a member of the Society. Mr. Zangwill’s “Merely Mary Ann” was produced, with success, at the Duke of York’s Theatre, on September 8th. No doubt everyone who has read Zanewill’s story will be glad to see the manner in which it has been adapted for a play. Its simple pathos will surely make it attractive to the London public. The number of new plays produced this autumn speaks well for the condition of the London theatres. No small contribution comes from the pens of members of the Society. —_—+—<—e_______ PARIS NOTES. —-——+ es E Divorce,” by Paul Bourget, is a novel which proves once more the sincerity and deep conviction of thisauthor. M. Bourget evidently considers that the divorce law is a retro- gression rather than a step in advance: “Loi criminelle, loi meurtriere de la vie familiale et de la vie religieuse, loi d’anarchie et de désordre, dont tant de femmes, tentées dans leurs faiblesses, esperent la liberté et le bonheur, et ou elles se trouvent, aprés tant d’autres que servitude et misere!” Beside the chief plot of the story, there is a side-study which in itself would serve as a theme for another novel. It is the case of a young girl who has been brought up to despise the idea of legalised marriage. Her theories, her experiences, and their results would work out as material for a second book, In “ Le Divorce,” as in one or two of the recent books by Paul Bourget, one feels rather that the characters are being manipulated to fit the theories of the author, and the results are therefore not always convincing, The second volume of Madame Adam’s memoirs, “Mes Premiéres Armes politiques et littéraires,’”” is quite as interesting, thouch in another way than the first volume. In the ‘‘ Roman de mon Enfance et de ma Jeunesse” we had the impressions and the ideas of a young provincial girl, while in this new volume we have the Parisienne, interesting herself in all that goes on in the French capital. In art, music, literature, and politics she gives us her experiences and impressions, and draws for us in a few lines faithful portraits of some of the celebrated people she has met. Among these portraits we find those of Thiers, Gambetta, Mérimée, Jules Simon, Jules Ferry, Littré, Floquet, About, Alphonse Karr, Daniel Stern, Girardin, Hippolyte Carnot, and many others.  THE AUTHOR. . “ Expiatrice,” by M. Ernest Daudet, is an inter- esting story constructed on a theme which has no great novelty. Guilberte Simmonet is the daughter of an unscrupulous man, who has amassed wealth by taking advantage of less “clever” men. He is ambitious for his daughter, and endeavours to arrange a marriage for her with a certain marquis who is in his power. Gilberte does not fall in with this arrangement, and the novel has the “happy ending ” so generally approved. “T/Inévitable Amour,” by M. Adolphe Aderer, is a novel with a certain fascination about it, although the plot on which the story turns is distinctly unpleasant and improbable. The strong point of the book is in the exposition of the triumph of race. Jean Jacques, the central figure of the novel, is the natural son of a man who hag held a high position in the world, and of the Marquise de Valperga. The father commits suicide, but the child has been placed with some peasants in Savoy, and is to be educated in every way as one of the family. In spite of his sur- roundings and his education, the boy cannot be converted into a peasant. Later on Jean Jacques is employed as estate agent by the Marquise de Valperga. The dénouement is tragic, and the whole tone of the book is somewhat melancholy, but it is admirably written, and the descriptions of Savoy and Italy are most charming. “Lia Déchéance,” by Léon Daudet, is a novel which paints for us the corrupt side of modern society. Francois Aubryet is a man of weak will, who simply lets himself go, drifting from folly to dishonour, and from dishonour to crime. The author’s own conclusion is: “’Il n’y a plus de morale humaine puisqu ’il n’y a plus de morale divine.” “Le véritable Guillaume II.,” by Henri de Naussane is a study of the character and actions of the German Emperor. In answer to his own question: “Qu’y a-t-il derriére cette facade,” the author tells us, “Il y a un homme agréable et primesautier, mais faible et éneryé. . . C’est un littéraire, un sensitif, un discoureur. II est a sa place dans un salon; il n’y est pas sur un tréne. Par ses réves décousus, ses palinodies et ses cavalcades, ce monarque, par ailleurs séduisant, a haté le redoutable triomphe des ‘social-démocrates’ et ébranlé la Confédéra- tion Germanique au point qu’ on entend craquer Vedifice.” “Etudes de littérature Canadienne Frangaise,” by Charles ab. der Halden, is a volume which has taken many years to write. It is, perhaps, the most complete work that has been compiled on the subject. “La Co-éducation des Sexes,” by F. Meylan, is a study of co-education and its results in America. “La Colonisation pratique et comparée,” by Paul Vibert, is one of the most practical and useful of books for intending emigrants. Hygienic laws, altitudes, colonial produce, means of transport are among the subjects treated. The burning question of native employment takes up some chapters, and the volume is of special value as the first French book treating so practically modern colonial science. A most useful book for collectors and autograph buyers is the new volume by M. Paul Eudel. ‘Le Truquage ” is the title, and the author gives some interesting information with regard to the frauds, alterations and imitations to be avoided when buy- ing old books, manuscripts, autographs, &c. M. Louis Gonse has published an excellent work entitled “Chefs d’ceuvre des musées de France.” Inthe museums of Arles, Aix, Besancon, Lyons, Evreux and Troyes there are many master- pieces of art, and by means of some four hundred engravings M. Gonse is rendering great service in the publication of so important a work. “Les successeurs de Donatello, by Pierre de Bouchand, is a study of Italian sculpture in the second half of the fifteenth century. “L’Art pour tous” is an excellent work by Louis Sumet. Among recent publications are the following :— “VInutile Révolte,” by Henry Guerlin; ‘“ Une Page de Vie,” by Claude Reni ; “ L’Ecarteur,” by M. Delbousquet ; ‘‘ Les Contes del’ Aigue-Marine,” by J. Adam; “Ame d’argile,’ by Mme. Marie Anne de Bovet; “ Zarette,” by Jean Rameau ; ‘“‘ Joie d’aimer,” by the author of Amitic Amou- reuse ;” “ Le Choix de la Vie,” by Mme Georgette Leblanc ; “Un Drame en Livonie,” by Jules Verne ; ‘‘ Pervenche,” by Gyp ; “ Un Vainqueur,” by Edouard Rod ; “ Dames éphémeres,” by Francois de Nion ; ‘‘ Le Journal de Sonia.” The ‘Académie des Science politiques” has awarded the Drouyn de Lhuys prize of 3,000 francs for the following works :—“ Politique Orientale de Napoléon, by M. Edouard Driant ; “ Histoire des ¢établissements et du commerce francais dans l'Afrique barbaresque,” by M. Paul Masson, and “Revue générale de droit Inter- national.” M. A. le Braz has now completed the work on which he has been engaged for some time, the “Celtic Theatre.” He has. presented to the Rennes University twenty-seven Breton manu- scripts, including ‘‘ Le Mystére de Saint-Laurent,” “Saint Jean Baptiste,” and other mystery plays. These manuscripts are of great value, as the only written literature of Brittany isits theatre. There are about seventy-three Breton manuscripts in the “Bibliotheque Nationale,” but they are of much less value than these which M. Le Braz has handed over to Rennes. A certain sum of the Nobel Prize received by 8 THE AUTHOR. M Sully Prudhomme was set aside by him for an annual prize to young poets. It has this year been awarded to Mlle. Marthe Dupuy, daughter of a sculptor of Blois. Zola’s manuscripts, ninety-one in all, have been handed over to the Bibliotheque Nationale, where they can be seen at any time. : M. Antoine proposes to give the following pieces at his theatre during the winter season: “ Cama- rade,” by Aderer; “ Esclaves,” by Bernstein ; “Maison de Juges,” by Gaston Leroux ; « Vieil Heidelberg,” by Meyer-Forster ; “ Asile de Nuit,” by Mauret; ‘ Charlotte,” by Thorel; ‘“ Race supérieure,” by Brugiére; “ Le Miracle de St. Antoine,” by Meterlinck. M. Alfred Capus reads his new play, “ Notre Jeunesse,” on the 1st of October to the artistes of the Comédie Francaise. M. Henri Bataille has read his piece “ Maman Colibri” to M. Porel. It is to be put on at the Vaudeville. Among the new plays in preparation are “ Poli- chinelle,” by Edmond Rostand, a comedy in verse, in five acts, to be played by Réjane and Coquelin ; “ Armande Béjart,” by Maurice Donnay, a drama in verse, in four acts; “Le Coup d’Aile,” by F. de Curel, a comedy in four acts; “ L’Amour de Wanda,” by G. de Porto Riche, a drama in five acts in verse ; “ Monsieur Piéson,” by Alfred Capus, a piece in four acts destined for the Renaissance Theatre. M. Brieux is also writing a new play. Bjérnson’s new drama treats of the struggles constantly going on between the young genera- tion and the one preceding it. Carmen Sylva is at work on the libretto of an opera entitled ‘Giovanna d’Arco.” Von Reuter is to write the music. Some of the new works to be produced this season at the Opéra Comique are “La Cabrera,” by Gabriel Dupont, who was recently awarded the Sonzogno prize at Milan, “Les Chansons de Miarka,” by A. Georges, “ L’Enfant- Roi,” by Bruneau, “ Les Armaillé,” by M. Daret. Atys HALLARD. ———— 9 SPANISH NOTES. — ae O judge from such Spanish newspapers as El Liberal, El Imparcial, and Espana, in Madrid, and Za Vanguardia in Barcelona, the Peninsula is daily more open to foreign influence in literary and educational matters. “ The Simple Life ” of the famous moralist, C. Wagner, has just been translated into Spanish by the learned Cuban, Dr. Gonzalo Arostegui, with a fine prologue by Don Rafael Montoro. The Press is loud in its appreciation of Archer M. Huntington, the wealthy Yankee who has lately come into possession of the valuable library of the Marquis de Ierez de los Caballeros, for he is about to publish et his own risk cheap editions of such Spanish writers as Santillana, Jorge Manrique, Simoneda, Garcilaso, Ercilla, Camoens, and Lope, which is rightly said to be a work as beneficial to Spain as Carnegie’s free library bequest was useful to England. For as these fruits of the early days of printing in Spain are only existent in editions too expensive for the general public, the Peninsula is generally excluded from the enjoyment of these fine classical works. A leading article in the Espaiia draws attention to the truth contained in the opinions published by the Marquis de Palomares de Duero in 1899, that a foreign education was the most efficient equipment for a benefactor of his country. “The famous Spanish Literature was the outcome of George Tickner’s studies at the German Universities,” said the Marquis, and “ education in Spain at the present day would be still more retro- grade than it is had not such men as Luis Vives and Montesino studied the methods of other lands.” “Moreover,” added the writer, ‘would not a better acquaintance with the military, scientific, and industrial life of North America have prevented the fearful fiasco of the Cuban War of 1898?” This article evoked a few days later a practical paper called ‘Necessary Comparisons,” which seeks to stimulate the Spaniards to profit by the admirable tuition to be gained in Switzerland and Germany at the moderate prices quoted. Benedetto Colarossi makes an eloquent appeal to his countrymen in La Vanguardia of August 24th to do their utmost to dispel the ignorance of their country in the science and philosophy which elevate the work of the artizan and inspire the citizen with a true realisation of his rights. Such know- ledge should, says the writer, not be the mere pro- perty of universities, but the heritage of the people. Spain’s sympathy is quickly aroused in what is going on in the rest of the world, and when she seems wanting in this quality, it is mainly due to the lack of her knowledge on the matter in question. For instance, much regret was expressed at Berlin at the recent International Congress of Women, to which nineteen different countries sent the presidents and delegates of their several councils, and over 4,000 women took tickets, that Spain and Portugal were the only unrepresented countries of Europe. But directly Colonel Fignerola. Ferretti, the well-known author of such books as “The Choice of an Education,” “ The Education of a People,” etc., hears from the Countess of Aberdeen how his country might join such a great union of all that is philanthropical and  ay educational, he soon shows the President of the International Council that she has found an able ambassador for the cause. For not only has the illustrious Queen herself been acquainted with the idea, but the Colonel has had a proclamation pub- lished to the ladies of Catalonia, explaining the opportunity which awaits them to join this vast Union which, to quote the Empress of Germany, “affords an incomparable means for women of all lands to learn to know and appreciate each other better.” As Her Majesty Queen Marie Christina is known to be deeply interested in all matters relating to the welfare of her land, hope has been expressed that she will give form to this noble sentiment by becoming the patron of a Council in Spain, which could send its representatives to the next Congress. The facts published by Colonel Ferretti in a recent French review are a cheering picture of his country’s progress, for we read that, thanks to H.R.H. the Infanta Eulalia setting the noble example of taking the chair at the first public meeting on Education, inaugurated by Madame Concepcion Gimeno de Flaguer, a great impetus has been given to the Woman Question in Spain, and the well known Ibero-American Society of Madrid has inaugurated the constitution of a committee of ladies well-known in the literary world, who will do all they can to forward the higher education of women. Conspicuous among these workers for their Spanish sisters is Setiora Carmen de Burgos Segui, well-known as a contributor to the columns of the Herald and Diario of Madrid, and she is striving to forward a scheme for the establishment of an Agricultural School for girls in Spain. She is also active in her efforts to reform Article 23 F. of the Civil Code of her country, which deprives woman of the right of being her children’s guardian as she is classed with ‘the incompetent.” In Arragon and Navarre this point has already been rectified. Sefiora Dofia Alvarez Fiol, in a recent powerful magazine article, contends against the old error of supposing that culture can militate against the proper fulfilment of a woman’s duties in her home. “El Problema Femenista,” a little book by Sefiora Concepcion de Flaquer, gives a most erudite recapitulation of the women of all nations who have materially aided their husbands in their scientific work by their intelligent co-operation, and the research and study shown in the work make it very valuable as a reference book on the subject of Woman’s Culture. Sefiora Pardo de Bazan, Senora Isabel de Solana, and Senora de Macia are also among the eighteen distinguished ladies of the committee. To judge from arecent article of Madame Josefa Pujol to one of the papers of Madrid there seems AUTHOR. 9 to be a very real desire among Spanish women to emancipate themselves from the slavery of a social life, which excludes them from the exhilarating atmosphere of simpler intellectual pleasures. Don Emiliano Guillen’s new volume of poems, “ Risas y Lagrimas” (“* Tears and Smiles’) is a charming exhibition of the taste and sentiment of a Spanish writer whose command of the language is seen in every line of every verse. Don Alejo Garcia Moreno, in the Appendix XV. of the “ Anuario de Legislacion Universal,” gives a com- pendious account of the political and judicial institutions of {North and South America, so desire to learn from the experiences of other countries is evidenced in many quarters. Madame Rodriguez de Serra is a_ striking example of the advance made in Spain in woman’s work, for this lady, the widow of a well-known publisher in Madrid, continues her husband’s work with marked success. The question of infant mortality, due so largely to ignorance, has lately induced many medical works upon the subject, and perhaps the pamphlet ‘< Modern Herods,” distributed gratuitously among mothers, may goad women to claim the education that would obviate the onus of such a title. Moreover, the able doctor Tolosa Latour’s book, called “ La Proteccién de la Infancia en Hspaiia,” shows that this member of the Royal Academy of Medicine is anxious for his compatriots to realise the existence of the laws which have been made for the protection of this helpless community, and perhaps the knowledge of these legal obligations may lead to their enforcement. Medical science seems to have made great strides in Spain, for José Zahonero devotes a whole column in the Espana to the realistic description of the great skill exhibited by the prominent surgeon Cisneros in the successful operation on the throat of the popular poet Francisco Rodriguez Marin, whose fortitude and patience during his sufferings excited the admiration of all present. I cannot close these Spanish notes without referring to the new law which obliges the Sunday Zest. It was never thought that the order would be so summarily enforced, but to all objections Maura returned that no country could advance unless laws were strictly observed. Of course this mandate (which militates so forcibly against all the habits of the Spaniards) which was first brought into action on 11th September, caused countless contradictory cases of enforcement and exceptions. It appears that restaurants are exempt from the edict, but the barbers, confectioners and other trades complain bitterly of the restriction, and the Prime Minister has been besieged with appeals from the proprietors of the Bull Rings, whose chief day for a pecuniary harvest has always been the Sunday 10 THE Of course, say the Spaniards, it would have been all right if the law had been made subject to a regulation, and the regulation modified by particular circumstances, then there would have been nothing to complain of, but this easy way of eluding the Government has not so far been permitted. RACHEL CHALLICE. —_——_—_+—>— LEGAL NOTES. —— What’s in a Name ? HAVE already discussed the possibility of a register of all titles given to literary works such as would enable, or would aim at enabling, an author to see before choosing a name for his book whether such a name had been used before, and when. Some, however, of the recom- mendations which have been made in the pages of The Author upon this subject have gone beyond the official compiling of a mere list of publications. Those who put forward these suggestions seem to have had in their minds the keeping by a govern- ment department of a register analogous to that in which patent rights are recorded, or perhaps it would be better to say a system resembling that adopted for the registration of trade marks. I venture to think that in practice any such system must necessarily be cumbrous, tiresome, and in- effective, and that on the whole the present want of system would be found preferable by a large majority of authors. The plan proposed would, I presume, have as its object the recording of a title as the property of an author, so that its presence upon the register would be proof of his sole right to it, and would enable him to sue for any infringe- ment or imitation of it. No person: who used a title not on the register would be able to dispute the right of the author who claimed the same titleand had duly registered it, and no unregistered claim to use a title would be recognised at all. Two similar titles would not be registered, and a fee would be charged for registration, which it is suggested need be but a trifling one. In considering the possibility of such a scheme we are almost necessarily driven to remember that the registration of trade marks is subject to necessary rules, and to conclude that some rules at all events would have to be devised to limit the registrable quality of the various titles, which the originality, or want of originality, of authors might lead them to adopt. The registration of trade marks is not accorded asa matter of course to any- one who puts forward a sentence or word not already on the register; devices used as trade AUTHOR. marks and other matters not akin to the titles of books I leave out of the discussion. If anyone who has invented a soap or a pill wishes to protect his trade, and distinguish his goods by applying to them a mark consisting of a word or sentence, he will find that the Patent Office will closely scrutinise the phrase that he chooses. Some names he will not be able to register at all, and in some cases he will have to disclaim any exclusive right to certain elements in the combination of words that he desires to make his own. He will not be able to register, for example, as a trade mark such names as the ‘“ Putney Pill” or the “ Superlative Soap,” for names of places and words denoting quality are not to be used as trade marks under regulations designed to prevent the setting up of monopolies in fragments of the English language that others might naturally wish to use. The title which the author would desire to register for his book would in many instances be a word or phrase in common use, and the sanctioning of a monopoly of such a phrase as applied to a book might be a serious matter for all authors. At present a writer can be prevented from selling his book under a name which would lead it to be confused with a book already published by his brother author to the injury of the latter, but I have endeavoured to show that no such right of protection exists when the first book is ‘dead and buried.” The proposed registration, I suppose, would give to the registered title a longer life than this, and would be for the period of copyright or for some other stated time, otherwise but little change would be effected. The register would exist ; persons choosing a title would consult it, and it would give certain rights as already sug- gested, but it is hardly imaginable that it could be kept up-to-date by the constant removal of books not in circulation. However, all I am con- cerned in showing for the moment is that the registration of titles of books and other literary works could not reasonably be expected without restrictive regulations. Otherwise the first person who managed to get inscribed in the register such names as “ The History of England,” “ The Life of Queen Victoria” or ‘Hymns for Children,” would be able to prevent anyone else from using them. It may be said, however, ‘‘ Yes, but these are old titles, and the registrable title would be the original invention of the author, or at all events the first application of the phrase as the name of a book.” In such circumstances I should pity the author. He would register a title, try to prevent its use by another, and be met by a motion to remove his own from the register on the ground that someone fifty years ago had used it for a similar purpose. It must be remembered that the grant of letters patent and the registration of a Jose Eanes THE AUTHOR. : 11 trade mark are alike in implying no guarantee that the invention is a proper subject of a patent, or that the trade mark is registrable. The patent rights may be revoked, and the trade mark may be removed from the register at any time if a rival trader shows that the privileges accorded are not properly possessed by the person registering. It therefore almost necessarily follows that were the legislature to enable the book-titles to be registered for protection purposes, the registration would be upon similar lines. That is to say, as long as the rules were complied with in the opinion of the appointed officials registration would take place, but upon the question being raised in a court of law, the question whether the registration was proper might be raised and. discussed, and possibly “taken to the House of Lords.” It is, however, more than likely that registration at all involving the compliance with rather com- plicated and not very intelligible rules would be found very irksome by authors desiring to procure registration for themselves, and that the fees that would have to be paid would constitute another drawback. The precise amount of the fees now payable on the registration of a trade mark | forget, but they considerably exceed any that have been suggested in The Author for registering names of books. Fees are necessary because a certain number of qualified clerks and officials would have to be maintained to examine the pro- posed titles in order to see that they conformed to the rules, and the legislature is not likely to institute a register entirely at the public expense. I have had some little personal experience of the registration of trade marks, and although in my own case I managed to comply with the regula- tions eventually, it was certainly a matter needing some care and study, and it is one usually entrusted to a solicitor or other agent who has to be paid for his trouble. It may be said that the literary agent or the publisher would see to all this for the author, but presumably he would not do it for nothing, and the person who eventually would bear the cost would be the person who wrote the book. As it is, the author or the literary agent or the publisher can to a great extent obtain safety by combining an effort of memory with the consulting of a “ Reference Catalogue of Current Literature,” and I am personally of the opinion that no more is really necessary in most cases from a legal point of view. I have ventured to question in a previous article whether any considerable number of the attempts to hinder the publication of books could be sustained in the Courts, and to suggest that a firm attitude adopted by the writer and publisher attached would usually result in success for them. I have endeavoured also to show that even by a register such as that proposed they would not be fully protected. At the same time, it is, I admit, very inconvenient on the eve of publishing a literary work to find that the name is claimed by another. Many authors have suffered from it, but, on the other hand, probably many have not, and it is a matter for consideration that an ingenious title bearing upon it the stamp of originality, and devised, perhaps, with a little extra care and inventiveness, may carry two advantages. It may insure the author against any claim that it has been used by another, and may also captivate the ear of the public. A good title is said to go a long way towards attracting readers to a book, not only because they take a fancy to it, but because they find it easy to remember. Therefore, besides the precautions which will show an author that his title is a new one, the exercise of his literary ability will provide him with further protection. In much of this I may find others who disagree with me, and who have a far better right than myself to pronounce an opinion. I venture, how- ever, to assert rather emphatically that the institu- tion of protection for book-titles by means of an official register would be found a cumbrous and inconvenient remedy, worse in many ways than the evil which it would aim at curing, and I feel even more certain that it would be found difficult also to get Parliament to pass the Act without which the official institution of such a register can hardly be possible. Perhaps, however, some of those who disagree with me will draft a bill which can be inserted in 7'he Author, so that members of the Society can see if it is likely to be practicable and also useful to them. After that, its introduction by a private member interested in literature should not be difficult to obtain. E. A. ARMSTRONG. A LETTER IN ANSWER TO ONE OF MANY CORRESPONDENTS. + — Dear Srr,— Your somewhat difficult letter has just come to hand, and although I feel that I ought not to spend so much time as a compre- hensive answer will take me to write, or expect that you will appreciate what I have to say, still it will ease my mind, so here goes. Oh! first of all, I beg to return your MS. I am not an editor, and I hope I know better than to presume upon the friendly relations I have with several editors to offer them your work in the hope that they will accept it for my sake. I know that you say you only want me to read it and comment upon it; but I am also certain taat you want me  12 to place it for you, and I should like you to know that no one can do that better than you can. As to criticising your work, well, your request, assuming as it does that I am fully competent to do what you ask, is very flattering to me, but I must respectfully decline. Some years ago I made two or three rather determined foes by acceding to their requests in this direction, and I have come to the conclusion that life is all too short even for the making of friends. The gratuitous making of enemies savours of lunacy. Please do not think me unsympathetic or callous, for I assure you Tam neither. Now, as to your next point, “the impossibility of any outsider getting any story or article, how- ever good, placed nowadays, owing to the cliques and rings which abound.” I feel really grieved that you should credit this old and often disproved libel. Just think fora moment. The magazine and newspaper arena to-day is the scene of a tremendous struggle to get in front, and no man who has laboriously climbed into an editorial chair can afford to print rubbish (unless it is saleable rubbish), even though written by his nearest and dearest friends. The reputation of a magazine for good readable matter, interesting stuff, is much more ephemeral than the reputation of a tradesman for vending a good article, and by consequence less liable to be played tricks with without serious loss. The editors are ever on the alert to discover in the midst of the heaps of rubbish shot upon them the occasional nugget of gold, and when they do unearth one their elation is, as old 8. P. would say, pretty to see. Of course well-known names will and do recur in popular magazines, but surely you would not take that for a sign of extreme favouritism at the expense of all newcomers. A good editor knows. what will sell his magazine, and his first duty is to his publishers or proprietors. He may, and often does, reject matter that he is greatly taken with, but he knows it is utterly unsuited to his public. Sometimes he can and does insert an article or a story quite unusual for his magazine in the hope of thereby educating his readers, but the experiment is a very risky one. What he does often do and rarely receives any recognition for is to write long and helpful letters to rejected contributors, full of matured advice and most valuable hints. Sometimes these are received as they should be, and the editor gets praised for being so kind, but N.B., it is usually after he is dead. So far I have only dealt with the articles you have been good enough to send me; I must now come to the book. And my first remark must be, that you yourself have handicapped your work by bad writing and spelling. Had it been typed or well written it would have had 50 per cent. more THE AUTHOR. chances of being read, but the spelling (please forgive me for plain speaking) destroys any chance it might have had of being either read or considered. IT hold that an educated man ought to be ashamed to write badly, but I cannot realise the possibility of any literary aspirant being unable to spell. But I will suppose that your MS. was neat, legible, well spelt ; without some advice it would have been a miracle if you had gone to the right publisher with it. You would have needed such expert advice as the Author’s Society are willing to give, or which is given for a small fee in some of our monthly journals. Otherwise you might easily have fallen into the hands of a certain type of publisher who will publish anything so long as he can see a certain profit out of the author. And had you done so, and your book become a success, you would have had the bitterness of knowing that your publisher had taken all the profits, leaving you hungrily, but unsatisfactorily, following after fame. Whereas, had you gone to a reputable firm, they would doubtless have driven a hard bargain with you, but they would at least have dealt honestly by you. And if your book had proved a success they would have given you good terms for another. But you say, with more force than courtesy, “ Publishers’ readers are such asses, must be, or they never could pass the stuff they do for publi- cation.” Excuse me, your remark is absurd upon the face of it. I must refer you to what I said about the magazine editor, Not what he likes, but what will sell is the motive spring of the reader’s action. He, if any man does, realises that a publishing business is not a philanthropic insti- tution, and that he has no right, whatever his personal proclivities may be, to advise his employer to print books that will not sell. He may and often does advise that gentleman to print rubbish from which his very soul revolts, but his experience tells him that it will sell by tens of thousands where his pet book would not reach one. You will doubtless retort that this is a sordid view to take of the matter. I shrug my shoulders and say that is no concern of mine. I merely state facts. If you do not need money and have a message for the world you feel you must deliver, you can always do so: it is merely a matter of cost: to you. In conclusion, pray do not be longer misled by the notion that there is a conspiracy to bar you out from literary circles. Don’t believe that all the authors, whose names recurring in magazines and newspapers give you so much pain, are rolling in wealth and are determined to keep you from a share of it. And do please in future communica- tions enclose stamps for reply and return of MSS. Yours most sincerely, _ Frank T, BULLEN,  THE AUTHOR. INTERNATIONAL PRESS CON- GRESS AT YIENNA. — NINTH HE International movement of the Press has made great strides since the idea of a Central Bureau was brought forward at the Conference of the Institution of Journalists in London in 1894 by M. Heinzmann Savino, of Ant- werp. Then, the idea of uniting pressmen, excitable Latins, calm Scandinavians, stolid Germans, and Britons, under one head seemed quixotic, but a president was found at the first International Congress in Antwerp in 1895, Herr Wilhelm Singer, of Vienna, and this ninth Congress under his diplomatic, suave, yet firm rule, has proved how journalists of fourteen nationalities can work together and enunciate and frame codes and pro- positions for the elevation of journalistic work throughout the world. Some hundred journalists assembled in Vienna, and the debates were well attended. The English delegation was elected from members of the British Association of International Journalists, Mr. D. A. Sims being the representative on the Central Bureau, Mr. Arthur Spurgeon acting as chairman of the delegation, and the writer as hon. secretary. The Congress was opened by an expressive and valuable paper by Herr Singer on “The Dignity of the Press,” dealing with the suggestion to create professional tribunals to deal with Press offences: as one of the speakers neatly put it, “ Punish ourselves and the State will not punish us.” English journalists think they have no restrictions, but are not restrictions being placed more and more on correspondents because of such incidents as those that occurred at the Queen’s funeral, and in the matter of censorship in war, largely because a certain type of journalist ignores all rules of decency of behaviour. The press tribunals will con- sist of Local and National Courts and an Inter- national Court. The International Court would deal with such cases as have arisen in war, when nations have been libelled, or when Sovereigns have been vilified, or when the Yellow Press of one country abuses the press of another country. The National and Local Courts would deal with cases such as the Institute of Journalists already deals with in Great Britain. The twenty-nine articles of the statutes of the tribunal were accepted by the Congress, and the Central Bureau now has to establish the courts. As M. Singer so “ably concluded his paper, “To have interna- tionalised the honour of our profession is nu small affair.” In speaking upon the subject Mr. Arthur Spurgeon accepted the idea, although he could not say if the English journalist would establish courts ; but he was sure that all English- 13 men would heartily accept any action to raise the standing of journalists and to create a better feeling between those of various nations. The subject of the “carte d’indentie,” ze., literally a press passport, whereby a journalist in foreign lands on duty will receive assistance from the pressmen of those lands, M. Taunay introduced, and M. Caponi spoke vigorously against it; but M. Taunay stated many of these cards were already used by members, and had proved of great value. Mr. Burlumi, of the Foreign Press Association, London, proved how helpful the card had been to him when he had lost his passport in Turkey, and in conclusion moved a resolution, ‘ That the foreign correspondents in all lands should receive the same facilities as home correspondents,” whieh was adopted. The ques- tion of reduction of telegraphs and postal tariffs was discussed, and the concessions given by various countries announced, and a point was gained on this day in that the British and Northern groups carried a resolution that reports already printed should not be read at the Congress, only the summing up. At the sitting on Wednesday Mr. Spurgeon pre- sided, and during the debates Mr. Burlumi brought forward the proposition ‘that attacks on persons whose position forbade a reply (7.e., monarchs, etc.), or against the whole press of a country constituted a professional crime,” and it was recognised as neces- sary that this should be embodied in the statutes of the Press Courts. The subject of literary and artistic copyright was reported upon by Dr. Osterrieth, of Berlin, and during an interesting debate the English secretary argued for copyright for literary style in news paragraphs or articles, as he had done in London, Antwerp, and Bordeaux. One of the most exciting and polyglotic debates was on Herr Rothlisberger’s report on the conditions of copy- right. He argued that the deposition of copies and other formalities should be abolished. This the English delegates warmly opposed, and they were supported by the German and American and Northern nations, who held that deposition of copies of publications was necessary for proof of copy- right. M. Lucas, of Portugal, eventually proposed two amendments modifying Herr Rothlisberger’s propositions. His suggestion that simply giving the name of printer or publisher should suffice for a claim of copyright was negatived, but the principle that the copyright belonged to the author accepted. Of course, the question of deposition of copies for censorship, etc., did not affect the English delegates. An amusing incident in this‘ debate proved how easily a wrong vote might arise in so polyglotic an assembly. The English secretary pointed out that M. Lucas’s two amendments were being put in reverse order, No. 1 as No. 2, No. 2 as No. 1, the  14 chairman, Herr Christophersoen, of Christiania, corrected the error amidst laughter. At Thurs- day’s meeting Mr. A. Spurgeon read his paper on «The Personal Note in Journalism,” and, with M. Heinzman Savino in the chair, had a good hearing. His urging that paid-for matter should be kept out of editorial columns was said to hit some foreign journals hard, and the English members knew of cases in England of advertisements appearing as news. The Congress then considered the next place of meeting, invitations coming from Venice and from Liege by M. Heinzmann Savino, but as it would be the tenth year of the Congress initiated by M. Savino the Congress voted for Liege, the Venice invitation being deferred to 1906, New York also inviting the Congress for that year. At the close of the meeting an inter- esting ceremony took place, the presentation to M. Singer of a silver jardiniére filled with choice flowers. The President’s reception was so over- whelming and the speeches so full of cordiality that he was quite overcome, and the three ringing cheers given by the English and Americans overcame all other applause and secured absolute silence at their finish, but M. Singer was unable for tears to say a word in reply. The English section after- wards presented to the Vienna Press, through Dr. Horrowitz, their Syndicws, a handsome silver writing and smoking set, and especially thanked Dr. Pistor, of the Vienna Chamber of Commerce, for his kindly aid. I have said nought of the really astounding series of receptions and entertainments in Vienna, brilliant receptions by the Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister, and a welcomein the imposing town hall by Burgermeister Lueger, that the Glasgow delegate, Mr. Walter MacLean, declared beat Glasgow ! The Emperor, who had expressed all good wishes for the Congress, commanded a gala reception at the Opera, and the theatres also gave special performances. At the end came three days of absolutely “ living in opera,” first at the Semmering Hotel, amidst the Alps ; then at Ischl, where the peasants danced and sang and held a wedding in national costume ; lastly, when in the dim twilight two shiploads of Congressites sailed across the lake to Gmunden, between fires on the banks and salvoes of rockets. In the middle of the lake they were met by a small launch lit by lanterns, and in absolute silence the Chief of the Province, there on the still waters, under the shadow of the great Alps, welcomed the journalists from, all lands. Gmunden was a blaze of decorations, and from there in early morning we sailed across the lovely lake, and on to St. Wolfgang, ascending the precipitous Schafberg, some 6,000 feet amidst the snow, to revel in the panorama of lakes and mountains. Then on to Salzburg for a final banquet, although there had THE AUTHOR. been banquets and bouquets everywhere and at all times. At Salzburg the Internationalites said adieu in all tongues, but always with an auf wiedersehen. Surely many corners had been rubbed off and much good done by the meeting. James Baker, F.R.G.S. —_—————_+——+—__—__ MAGAZINE CONTENTS. —— + (Literary, Dramatic, AND MUSICAL.) SEPTEMBER, 1904. THE BOOKMAN. Coleridge. By Thomas Seccombe and Canon Rawnsley. THE CONTEMPORARY REVIEW. Theodor Herzl. By Sidney Whitman. The Nature of Literature. By Vernon Lee. Some Recent Books. By “ A Reader.”’ THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW. A Note on Mysticism. By Prof. Oliver Elton. Thomas Campbell. By Arthur Symons. Geo. Frederick Watts. By Wm. Knight. Honoré De Balzac. By Mary F. Sandars. Translation from the Fioretti of St. Francis d’ Assisi. By James Rhoades. THE INDEPENDENT REVIEW “From High Mountains” (from Nietzsche). by H. O. Meredith. The Author of Erewhon. Italian Novels of To-day. Translated By D. MacCarthy. By Laura Gropallo. LONGMAN’S MAGAZINE. Is the Orator Born or Made? By Michael MacDonagh. THE MONTH. The Veil of the Temple. By the Rev. Sydney F. Smith. THE MonTHLY REVIEW. Capt. Marryat as a Novelist. By the Earl of Iddesleigh. The Popular Poetry of Spain. By Pepita de San Carlos. Thackeray at Cambridge. By the late Rev. Whitwell Elwin. THE NATIONAL REVIEW. Is Humour Declining? By Miss Ella Macmahon. [THE PALL MALL MAGAZINE, Literary Geography: ‘The Country of Carlyle.” By William Sharp. TEMPLE BAR. Mrs. Thrale. By Mrs. M. L. Croft. THE WORLD'S WORK. The Work of the Book World. XIX. CENTURY AND AFTER. Colly Cibbers’ “ Apology” By H. B, Irving. There are no articles dealing with Literary, Dramatic, or Musical subjects in Cornhill (Macmillan’s).  THE AUTHOR. 15 WARNINGS TO THE PRODUCERS OF BOOKS. — ERE are a few standing rules to be observed in an agreement. There are four methods of dealing with literary property :— I. Selling it Outright. This is sometimes satisfactory, if @ proper price can be obtained, But the transaction should be managed by a competent agent, or with the advice of the Secretary of the Society. Il. A Profit-Sharing Agreement (a bad form of agreement). In this case the following rules should be attended to: (1.) Not to sign any agreement in which the cost of pro- duction forms a part without the strictest investigation. (2.) Not to give the publisher the power of putting the profits into his own pocket by charging for advertisements in his own organs, or by charging exchange advertise- ments. Therefore keep control of the advertisements. (3.) Not to allow a special charge for “ office expenses,” unless the same allowance is made to the author. (4.) Not to give up American, Colonial, or Continental rights. (5.) Not to give up serial or translation rights. (6.) Not to bind yourself for future work to any publisher. As well bind yourself for the future to any one solicitor or doctor ! III. The Royalty System. This is perhaps, with certain limitations, the best form of agreement. It is above all things necessary to know what the proposed royalty means to both sides. It isnow possible for an author to ascertain approximately the truth. From time to time very important-figures connected with royalties are published in Zhe Author. IV. A Commission Agreement. The main points are :— (1.) Be careful to obtain a fair cost of production. (2.) Keep control of the advertisements. (3.) Keep control of the sale price of the book. General. All other forms of agreement are combinations of the four above mentioned. Such combinations are generally disastrous to the author. Never sign any agreement without competent advice from the Secretary of the Society. Stamp all agreements with the Inland Revenue stamp. Avoid agreements by letter if possible. The main points which the Society has always demanded from the outset are :-— (1.) That both sides shall know what an agreement means. (2.) The inspection of those account books which belong tothe author. We are advised that this is a right, in the nature of a common law right, which cannot be denied or withheld. (3.) Always avoid a transfer of copyright. a WARNINGS TO DRAMATIC AUTHORS. ———— 9 — EVER sign an agreement without submitting it to the Secretary of the Society of Authors or some com- petent legal authority. 2, It is well to be extremely careful in negotiating for the production of a play with anyone except an established manager. 3. There are three forms of dramatic contract for plays in three or more acts :— (a.) Sale outright of the performing right. This is unsatisfactory. An author who enters into such a contract should stipulate in the contract for production of the piece by a certain date and for proper publication of his name on the play-bills. (b.) Sale of performing right or of a licence to perform on the basis of percentages on eross receipts. Percentages vary between 5 and 15 per cent. An author should obtain a percentage on the sliding scale of gross receipts in preference to the American system. Should obtain a sum inadyance of percentages. A fixed date on or before which the play should be performed. (c.) Sale of performing right or of a licence to perform on the basis of royalties (/.c.. fixed nightly fees). This method should be always avoided except in cases where the fees are likely to be small or difficult to collect. The other safeguards set out under heading (2.) apply also in this case. 4. Plays in one act are often sold outright, but it is better to obtain a small nightly fee if possible, and a sum paid in advance of such fees in any event. It is extremely important that the amateur rights of one-act plays should be reserved. 5. Authors should remember that performing rights can be limited, and are usually limited, by town, country, and time. This is most important. 6. Authors should. not assign performing rights, but should grant a licence to perform. The legal distinction is of great importance. 7. Authors should remember that performing rights in a play are distinct from literary copyright. A manager holding the performing right or licence to perform cannot print the book of the words. 8. Never forget that United States rights may be exceed- ingly valuable. ‘hey should never be included in English agreements without the author obtaining a substantial consideration. : 9. Agreements for collaboration should be carefully drawn and executed before collaboration is commenced, 10. An author should remember that production of a play is highly speculative : that he runs a very great risk of delay and a breakdown in the fulfilment of his contract. He should therefore guard himself all the more carefully in the beginning. 11. An author must remember that the dramatic market is exceedingly limited, and that for a novice the first object is to obtain adequate publication. As these warnings must necessarily be incomplete, on account of the wide range of the subject of dramatic con- tracts, those authors desirous of further information are referred to the Secretary of the Society. Oo WARNINGS TO MUSICAL COMPOSERS. me ITTLE can be added to the warnings given for the assistance of producers of books and dramatic authors. It must, however, be pointed out that, as a rule, the musical publisher demands from the musical composer a transfer of fuller rights and less liberal finan- cial terms than those obtained for literary and dramatic property. The musical composer has very often the two rights to deal with—performing right and copyright. He 16 should be especially careful therefore when entering into an agreement, and should take into part. cular consideration the warnings stated above. 6h 0 HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY. — 1. VERY member has a right toask for and to receive advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub- lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his business or the administration of his property. The Secretary of the Society is a solicitor, but if there is any special reason the Secretary will refer the case to the Solicitors of the Society. Further, the Committee, if they deem it desirable, will obtain counsel’s opinion, All this without any cost to the member. 2. Remember that questions connected with copyright and publishers’ agreements do not fall within the experi- ence of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple to use the Society. 3. Send to the Office copies of past agreements and past accounts, with a copy of the book represented. The Secretary will always be glad to have any agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The information thus obtained may prove invaluable. 4, Before signing any agreement whatever, send the document to the Society for examination. 5. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of your calling in promoting the independence of the writer, the dramatist, the composer. 6. The Committee have now arranged for the reception of members’ agreements and their preservation in a fire- proof safe. The agreements will, of course, be regarded as confidential documents to be read only by the Secretary, who will keep the key of the safe. The Society now offers: —(1) To read and advise upon agreements and to give advice concerning publishers. (2) To stamp agreements in readiness for a possible action upon them. (3) To keep agreements. (4) To enforce payments due according to agreements.. Fuller particulars of the Society’s work can be obtained in the Prospectus. 7. No contract should be entered into with a literary agent without the advice of the Secretary of the Society. Members are strongly advised not to accept without careful consideration the contracts with publishers submitted to them by literary agents, and are recommended to submit them for interpretation and explanation to the Secretary of the Society. 8. Many agents neglect to stamp agreements. This must be done within fourteen days of first execution. The Secretary will undertake it on behalf of members. 9. Some agents endeavour to prevent authors from referring matters to the Secretary of the Society ; so do some publishers. Members can make their own deductions and act accordingly. 10. The subscription to the Society is £4 4s. per annum, or £10 10s for life membership. THE AUTHOR. THE READING BRANCH. ——— + — EMBERS will greatly assist the Society in this branch of its work by informing young writers of its existence. Their MSS. can be read and treated as a composition is treated by a coach. The term MSS. includes not only works of fiction, but poetry and dramatic works, and when it is possible, under special arrangement, technical ‘and scientific works. The Readers are writers of competence and experience. The fee is one guinea, a Ban ee ae NOTICES. 4 HE Editor of Zhe Author begs to remind members of the Society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest 5s. 6d. subscription for the year. Communications for Zhe Author should be addressed to the Offices of the Society, 39, Old Queen Street, Storey’s Gate, 8.W., and should reach the Editor not later than the 21st of each month. All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate to the Editor any points connected with their work which it would be advisable in the general interest to publish. i Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on all subjects connected with literature, but on no other subjects whatever. Every effort will be made to return articles which cannot be accepted. —+— The Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and he requests members who do not receive an answer to important communications within two days to write to him without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union Bank of London, Chancery Lane, or be sent by registered letter only. : LEGAL AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. — ENSIONS to commence at any selected age, either with or without Life Assurance, can be obtained from this society. Full particulars can be obtained from the City Branch Manager, Legal and General Life Assurance Society, 158, Leadenhall Street, London, H.C.  RR Seen THE AUTHOR. Li AUTHORITIES. —_—+.-— T is with much pleasure that we have to chronicle a donation of £20 to the Pension Fund of the Society from the R. D. Blackmore Memorial Committee, the amount being the sur- plus in the hands of that Committee after paying all the expenses of the memorial in Exeter Cathedral. We feel sure that no object would be more likely to commend itself to him whose memory the Com- mittee desired to perpetuate than the one selected. Mr. Blackmore was for many years a member of the Society. We are requested also by the Secretary of the fund to state that the alteration of the word “ with” into “and” in the first line of the inscription on the memorial tablet in Exeter Cathedral has been completed by the sculptor in such a way that the memorial has not been in the least disfigured. Members of the Society will call to mind that “Exeter English” was discussed in some corre- spondence in 7'ke Author before the Vacation. We are glad to hear that this has been set right. Tue Library of Congress in the United States has forwarded to the offices of the Society of Authors a short circular, giving particulars of the work done by the Copyright Office during the past year ending with June 30th. It appears that the amount of fees received in the offices has steadily increased since 1897, and has now reached the large total of 72,629 dollars. These figures show the enormous increase in literary work which is going on in the United States, as well as the large use which other countries are making of the United States Copyright Act. The largest number of entries received at the office on one day was on January 2nd, 1904, when 4,031 titles were registered. Under Class A, Sub-sec- tion (A), which refers to books (volumes) and pamphlets, 12,000 have been deposited during the past year. The office now seems to be in excellent working order. The business is kept well up to date, though some days, owing to extensive regis- tration, acknowledgments have to be delayed a little. The mail-matter dealt with in the office reaches the following extraordinary figures: the number of letters and parcels received totals 80,000, and the number of parcels and letters dispatched, 129,000. We must congratulate the Librarian of Congress, Mr. Herbert Putnam, and the Registrar of Copy- rights, Mr. Thorvald Solberg, on the manner in which they have dealt with their enormous business. In addition to the work of the office, Mr. Put- nam and Mr. Solberg have issued useful pamphlets on the United States Copyright Act. In the September number of Zhe Book Monthly there is a very interesting interview with Mr. A. M.S. Methuen. The subject is headed, “ On being Publisher.” Mr. Methuen does not seem to have any serious objection to the author’s agent. He seems to consider that it is often easier and safer to deal with a business man who knows the actual value of a book, and the conditions of publishing, than with an author who may be ignorant of both. He says: “In five minutes it is possible to settle a matter with an agent, while five hours, or five days, or even five weeks, may not suffice to settle it with the author himself.” Mr. Methuen also takes an optimistic view of the bookselling trade of to-day, and thinks that nett books give the bookseller a fair profit. He is not so optimistic about his own trade. The fact that Messrs. Methuen have risen in fifteen years to be one of the foremost publishing houses in England would seem to argue that there is still money to be made in publishing, or that the partners of Messrs. Methuen & Co, are gentlemen of exceptional skill, tact, and business capacity. We think, from our experience, that there has been a healthy combination of the two. We have been reading with much pleasure the second report of the Committee of Management of The Advanced Historical Teaching Fund. We see among the members of the Committee three members of the Society of Authors—the Right Honourable James Bryce, Mr. G. W. Prothero, and Mr. Sidney Webb. ‘The other mem- bers are Mr. W. A. S. Hewins, Dr. A. W. Ward, and Mr. H. R. Tedder. This Committee is sufficient to confirm in the public mind the importance of the subject with which it has been endeavouring to deal, the en- couragement of the scientific training of historical students. 'The Committee hopes not only to place on a permanent basis the classes already in exis- tence, but gradually to create an Advanced School of History of the most complete kind. It states in its report “that it is a post-graduate school that it desires to found—a school for students who have mastered the elements : such a school as  18 does not at present exist at any University in Great Britain, and the want of which is a blot on our academic system.” Tun French Société des Gens de Lettres have elected a new committee, which has chosen M. Marcel Prevost as president. M. Prevost has given a most interesting lecture on the lapse of copyright a certain number of years after the death of the author. In the course of his lecture M. Prevost pointed out shrewdly that literature is the only property which the authorities in power in all countries permit to be confiscated sooner or later, whilst all other forms of property are respected. a a AN ORIENTALIST. —1~<—+ IS desk in the British Museum Library was | | always piled with innumerable books, and in a chasm or cation between were papers dreadfully mingled, so that none would dare to touch them lest a worse fate should befall. He came to work in the morning and left late at night. But in the intervals of his toil he walked about briskly, either chatting with the officials or with his friends. Occasionally he went into the open, and when beyond the gates lighted his pipe and took a contemplative walk. But he was cheerful and of a social disposition, disliking loneliness. The companionship of the Hastern languages had not reduced him to apathy; he seemed to suck a lively life even out of Sanskrit. And nothing in the way of labour appalled him. He dressed in an ancient but tight-fitting frock coat. His hat was of the high species, and he wore it with an air of assertion, as one who knew his own value. In the gleam of his eye was know- ledge : he almost reeked of a particular wisdom. Yet he had by no means the air of one who despises the present or even the future, and only in his more metaphysical moods did he appear to regard Time as a mere category of the under- standing. For he ate and drank as a live man, not as a ghost. His favourite drink was Scotch whiskey. He smoked strong tobacco. Though his work was in the past and among books, he had the air of an explorer who commands workmen. He had assistants in the library who dug according to his directions. Each day it seemed as if he would at last unearth some buried city. At times excitement touched him visibly : THE AUTHOR. his chest swelled, his hat was worn a little on the side. But next day the city was perhaps only a solitary tomb ; he had to be content with fragments. Yet he never lost hope. His antipathy was for those who knew nothing deeply : for those who were content with an encyclo- peedia. He would rather expose the writers of stupendous monographs. Any pretence or assump- tion touched his nerves with a needle. He could not understand how any should be content with less than all. If he had been asked to write a story of the East, he would have answered grimly that he did not yet know enough. In time, in time perhaps. And he would have smoked many pipes on this reminder of the gaps in his know- ledge. He went for full certainty. What was a fact to him ? Something proved in all ways. He was not content that a thing was or seemed to be. He must deduce it @ priori as well. But deduction without verification made him snort with a logical contempt ; and mere invention in a wild romance pleased him better than a super- structure on an unwise foundation. To take liberties with the Truth, as he conceived it, was immoral. He bit his pipe angrily when he spoke of some men’s books. But it was more than immoral. To him the pursuit of absolute know- ledge was a religion. He grew bitter at times when he relaxed his severer mind and let the con- sideration of certain Western writers anger him. When he dined in a little eating-house not far from the Museum he talked with his friends and spoke freely. I heard him utter this sentence with a strange incredible vehemence: “Sir, sir! Rider Haggard is an impious man. He trifles with knowledge in the abstract !” And in his mind he executed the writer whom he denounced. He bisected him in the shape of a potato, and consumed the divided portions as though the man was done for. In the act and his mental attitude were all the elements of the magic that destroys from afar off. I perceived him in imagination melting a wax romancist at a terrible fire, or planting pins in the effigy of a careless commentator. : He rose and went back to his work in silence. But as I followed I saw that the aspect of the great museum mollified him ; the lines of his face softened ; he walked soberly through the pigeons in the path, And when the glass doors swung behind us he was himself again. He cocked his hat on one side and went briskly towards the East. M. R. <> 6  THE AUTHOR. 19 INTELLECTUAL RIGHTS.* — HE nineteenth century will be regarded by posterity as an epoch of the highest impor- tance in the advance of civilisation. That century represents a splendid epic of ‘human genius, evidenced in the revelation of the truths of science, in the translation of the eternal esthetic ideal into perceptible forms of marble, colour, sound, and speech, in the elaboration in legal shape of the institutions of the modern state, and in the impulse towards those principles of liberty and justice that bind nations together in a conception of moral and economical solidarity. The great workers of that century, its marvellous industries, its commercial enterprises that have united different peoples with one another, its scientific inventions, its master- pieces of art, and its mechanical appliances will inspire future history with an idea of that immense capital of thought, of sensation, and of production which satisfies human aspirations, from the most exalted desires of the intellect to the most refined appetites of sense, from the grandest, impulse to the most playful caprice. This entirely modern efflorescence of intellectual and indastrial civilisa- tion finds its historical expression, more than anywhere else, in the efficacious protection and repressive lines of action which modern law alone has elaborated and cast into form to guarantee, to safeguard, and to discipline in social shape the rights of the author and inventor. That protection of what is called artistic and industrial property may be justly regarded as a conquest made by the civil enactments of this latter age, and is destined to advance with the development of a wider universal consciousness of legal rights, to yet farther and more complete guarantees, and to extend to the broad horizon of a systematic inter- national evolution of all rights of this description. It is only by the certainty that legal protection will be afforded to the fruits of his intellectual labours, or of his economic productions (within the limits imposed by the rights of society) that author or inventor is stimulated to produce his works, the results of long meditated, laborious and often expensive studies, investigations, and experi- ences, which shall ultimately (in consequence of the security of the recompense) augment also the collective patrimony both of universal cultivation and of national glory. The evident trath of this fact will justify the omission of lengthy historical proofs of the above * This translation of a monograph, ‘‘ Le Legge per la tutela dells Proprieta artistica ed industriale”’ (‘The Laws for the Protection of Artistic and Industrial Property aN which appeared in our valuable contemporary, “T Diritti @’ Autore,” is here published by the kind consent of the author, Signor Alfredo Andreotti. statement, and will render sufficient a simply general mention of the actual evolution of intel- lectual property. The real rights of authors, as they are at present understood, had, strictly speak- ing, no protection before the French Revolution. Previous historical indications of them can be adduced only as evidences of an intuition of the possibility of legal enactments on this head, but not as proofs of their having had any distant historical origin. At first the debasement of labour, the system ot slavery that flourished in antiquity, the want of the printing press, and the predominance of a military spirit with its thirst for conquest, and afterwards. the medieval iron regime of corporations of arts and trades (against which a struggle had to be maintained for ages) were such that they rendered impossible not alone legislation, but even develop- ment of any social intuition and consciousness of intellectual property such as could ultimately be defined by any real or lucid legal expression, or could attain to the sanction of positive enactments. And it is in consequence of the absence of any pro- tection of this kind that we meet with the historical phenomenon of the “ patron,” an invention which, though exposed to the peril of favouritism, aimed at a moral and economical recognitton of intellectual activity. Even when the great reform prepared by Colbert and Turgot in France was able to destroy the monopolies and privileges of the corporations of arts and crafts, the Constitutional Assembly, under the influence of a reaction, proclaimed a principle that was too absolute, and not actually true, under the name of “intellectual property,” a property that was the most sacred of all, and claimed rights, trodden under foot for ages, affirmed by the formula “the creating personality.” Let it be said therefore again that it is the boast of our age alone that it has perceived the legal status of the right which belongs to the individual who produces something by the efforts of his own intelligence. At last, first principles of a concept capable of being continually and perpetually per- fected have been defined. From these first prin- ciples, beginning from the recognition of the material advantages to be derived from a man’s intellectual work (the most tangible aspect of the rights of the author and inventor), we advance onwards through further legal elaborations, until we reach a claim for penal enactments to protect the author’s moral rights, that is, reach a regard for the integrity of what the creative intelligence has produced and individualised. ‘These are all modern developments, and completely overshadow any such historical prototypes as might be adduced in the shape of privileges and patents of the kind granted, for example, in England by the sovereign.  20 They mark an acknowledgment of the author’s rights as rights belonging to the man, a human right of a universal character extending beyond the boundaries of individual states, and binding them together in a brotherhood of international protection of an intellectual patrimony. _ These provisions in fact aim at harmonising the legitimate expectations of the author or inventor with the just claims of society’s rights in all such works as either by their origin or their destination belong to the universal social patrimony of thought and civilisation. Before proceeding to a judicial examination of such ‘civil property,” to use the language of Lucchini,* I think that it will be best to explain briefly the general aspect of the matter in its relation to the rights of society. This is an enquiry that is necessary to justify the existing legal system as administered by the penal magistrate ; and that is the aim of the present monograph. The creative activity of human thought (whether occupied in scientific discovery of the laws of nature or those of society, or employed in giving reality and actual form to some esthetic conception, or engaged in some invention or observation that, by perfecting an industrial art, may increase its applicability to human needs) in every case operates through the instrumentality of the intellect whose exceptional and most intense form is human genius. Geniuses are the privileged children of nature. She provides them with perfect organs and a nervous sensibility capable of affording them sensations so exquisite and so precise that they can be afterwards transformed into intellectual master- pieces, or into scientific discoveries and industrial inventions. But if geniuses are few, there are happily many men of abilities who possess observant minds and a great impressionability. The former quality is fitted for scientific discovery, and the latter for artistic creation. It is by the constant and un- wearied activity of observation and impression- ability that advance is effected, constantly rising to new victories of invention, of intelligence, and of industry, by means of which human society pursues its way towards truth and social happiness. These new creations when set forth in the midst of the collective life (by a book, a machine, a picture, a piece of sculpture, or a poem) produce new customs, new ideas, and new social relations, again contain- ing within themselves fresh opportunities of expansion, of intercommunication, of suggestion, and of assimilation. Thus is formed, in the * “Commento alla legge 19 Settembre, 1882, sui diritti spettanti agli autori.” Riy. pen,, vol. 1, sez 1, “ Legislazione speciale Italiana,” p. 3. THE AUTHOR. course of the successive generations, an intellectual patrimony, at once the boast of nations and their care; a treasure the more jealously guarded the more the need of cultivation is felt, and the more deeply the sense and respect of civilisation is rooted. But if creation is the act of an individual, it must not be forgotten that it is also a collective and social act. The phenomena of sensibility and of the penetrative attitude are wholly subjective. But the matter of the conception is outside the ego. We perceive it in consequence of the environ- ment in which we live, in which our psychological activity is developed ; and we feel it through the influence of the environment. Creative thought resembles the prism. The prism refracts things external to its facets, Thought through the energies of an internal psychological process elaborates and transforms a reality ; but it creates only the form, the vesture in which something, that exists in the concrete reality of nature, or of the world of human society, is presented by the poet in verse, by the painter in a balance of colour, by the sculptor in a harmony of lines, by the musician in a combination of sounds, But all these only lend a form to something, involved in them, that exists outside the creator’s ego, and is perceived by him with a more or less sensitive response of personal impressionability and in consequence of more or less intellectual study. But every author in the process of his creative act reproduces the things that experience, psychic force, and collective culture have accumu- lated in the course of ages. Hven the most speculative mental act or formula, if subjected to rigorous analytic criticism, will be found to be an association of ideas already forming a part of the social intellectual patrimony. And hence intellec- tual production has a special character of its own, that distinguishes it clearly from a thing that is the product of ordinary industrial activity ; but it is still the foundation of proprietary rights in intellectual creations. The individual and social factors interpenetrate each other in a continuous action and reaction in such a manner as to differen- tiate widely (even from the legislative point of view) common proprietorship from that which authors and inventors have in the products of their intelligence. In consequence the expression “ literary, artistic, and industrial property” is accepted by the jurist only out of respect to an historical tradi- tion, or, as Manzoni said, in a figurative sense, not in one that corresponds to an exact scientific concept. All writers on the subject are agreed on this point. True jus domini demands as an essential condition an absolute and exclusive sub- jection of the thing to the will of the human being,  THE AUTHOR. whilst, as Klostermann has observed,* “ The intel- ligent products do not exist in space, and conse- quently are not susceptible of being exclusively possessed by appropriation.” Or, as Vidari writes,t with exact logical rigour, “ This expression either refers to the right of publication (or of reproduction), and that only and solely because it is not a right of proprietorship, but a patrimonial right of a par- ticular sort, or refers to the thing by means of which thought is expressed, and then, though the right is here certain and indisputable, that has nothing to do with the present discussion ; or else it refers to thought, and nothing is more false than the assertion that thought is susceptible of proprietorship.” } Hence the productions of the intelligence form a part of the patrimony of their authors by a special right which presents analogies with, but is not identical with, and must not be confounded with, the right of proprietorship. This is the more true because this sum total of the rights of the author and of the inventor (in consequence of their origin and of their special destination in a social state of existence) ought to be protected by civil and penal sanctions that correspond with the actual necessities of those rights of society, which overshadow, if they do not absorb, the personality of the producer. For it is the social right that invests, interpenetrates, and integrates the genesis and finality of the productions of human intelli- gence, in which the whole human species (in con- sequence of its collective collaboration) has, so to say, a right of participation, of enjoyment, and of usufruct. And this effective influence of the whole race (which amounts to a limitation of the individual rights of the author) increases directly with that progress and civilisation which define by legal processes the protection of what is improperly called literary, artistic, and industrial property. In these enactments legislators are bound to recon- cile the just claims of the human personality (when this is individualised in the productive activity that wins new conquests for science, art, and in- vention) with the just counterclaims of the social element that always co-operates more or less evi- dently or forcibly in the production of every intel- lectual work, affording it the support of the multi- plex co-efficients of environment, of culture, of * Schonberg, ‘‘ Manual of Political Economy ;” Kloster- mann, “Protection of the Rights of Authors,’ part iii., xx., p. 460. Turin, 1887. + ‘Corso di Diritto Commerciale,’ 4th ed., Milan, 1895, Vol. III., p. 158, { Manzoni, in his letter addressed to Professor Boceardo, « Intorno ad una questione di cosi detta proprieta litteraria,” (respecting a question of so-called literary property), acutely observed, “This metaphor, like all metaphors, becomes a sophism when it is used as an argument; a sophism that consists in concluding a perfect identity from a partial resemblance,” 21 public opinion, and of social mental attitude. For it may, in fact, be truly said that on arriving at a final analysis, everything that human intelligence produces proves to be rather a collective than an individual product. Thought and sentiment have their existence from social life. Every genius is nourished by this social life, and without its fertilising influence either becomes sterile or, transgressing the bounds of healthy and normal sensation, loses itself and perishes in unwholesome abstractions. And if the mould, the matrix, of this immense material which the human intelligence elaborates and transforms into the shape of a book, a work of art, an industrial invention or a scientific application, is, and ought always to remain individual and inalienable from the author of the work, and, as so being, should be protected by efficacious and even repressive enact- ments against any violation; nevertheless, the destination and the collaboration of the work are, and should be inalienable from the social patrimony, and as so being should have legal representation in positive enactments. As the renovation of the blood in the individual organism secures the constant continuation of the physical functions, so in civil life, and in its con- tinuous progress towards a higher evolution of civilisation, the continuous interchange of ideas, of artistic impressions, and of industrial inven- tions, is the fulcrum on which the dynamic force of social activity reposes. This is what supplies the author with the original material which is to be elaborated by his intelligent thought through a long series of speculations, intuitions, and suggestive experiences, until it is finally transformed into an intellectual work, and comes in turn to take its place and to be absorbed, and to expand in the evolutions of the collective life, there again to encounter new modifications and to play new parts. In consequence of this the creative idea, quickened by the continuous social interplay, generates a stimulant to further inventions and productions, never exhausting itself, inasmuch as this is the natural law that governs social development and human progress. The new century, which has inherited from its predecessor the most difficult legal and social problems, will assuredly bring its contributions to the solution of this great problem, which Picard has happily expressed in the words ‘intellectual rights.” The claims of the rights of intelligence stand side by side with the just claims of the rights of labour. Socially they are equally important, and equally entitled to legislative protection, The “ working man” himself should regard with confi- dence and sympathy the struggle of the human intellect to attain the full recognition of its moral and legislative importance. Intellectual activity 22 by inspiring the community acts as a creative force, and the indispensable collaborator of the man of science and of the artist is the labourer, who assists in a mechanical manner to give the intellectual work a concrete and marketable form. In this wedding together of the creative intelligence and of the labouring hand that (in the book, sculpture or building) renders the idea effectual, there is a perennial symbol of the natural harmony between thought and matter, between ideal and physical energies. The destiny of communal civilisation lies in the sovereign alliance of these forces. Rights of both kinds, trodden under foot for ages, are now pressing for legislative support, and with an awakened social consciousness move _ confidently towards the victory of the future. Rights of both kinds, in their supreme appeal, transcend national bounds. They make their voices heard throughout the universe in an appeal to the workers of all nations; the voice of the artist that cries, “I have created!” and the voice of the labourer that responds, “I have toiled !” Society, in the highest expression of its collective voice, should reply firmly and solemnly, “And I by law guarantee you the fruits of your labours.” The noblest duty of the jurist will be ever that of giving expression to the conscience that is moved by the most sacred of rights, the rights of labour and thought. ALFREDO ANDREOTTI. —___—_. OCCURRENCES. ———+—_ I. arene like poetry, must occur; to make it maliciously is highly offensive. It is a pun upon the idea; it is the garlic of literature, and a very little of it goes a long way. Il. That which yesterday we called “ personality,” we now perceive to be “stupidity.” The theo- logians used to call it “ original sin.” III. Success—V'ailure : what do these words mean ? Probably nothing. The success of a man who is doing his own things, if he deigns to use the word at all, consists in getting his things done. There his success begins and ends. The reception of his deed or work is no concern of his: that is the world’s failure or success. IV. Browning, sitting down daily after breakfast to write so many lines, believing that he was bound to do so, and that it was worth doing! That is a THE AUTHOR. pitiful spectacle : what a grotesque illusion duty can become! Browning is a proper target for criticism, for the wickedest criticism: he was not writing for a livelihood. Think of it! He had an independent income, and yet he wrote, wrote, wrote—what ? “Sordello,” “ Fifine at the Fair,” ‘Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau.” And he hypno- tised a portion of the British public into the idea that there was something in it, until in despair they formed a society with apparatus for cracking these nuts—to find them all empty. Vy. “ How can I become intelligent ?” ‘“‘Tdon’t know. I think you have to be reduced to pu p, to protoplasm.” VI. Poetry should be “simple, sensuous,” &c.— Milton’s phraseology. I forget the third term, nor does it matter. These epithets describe super- ficial qualities. Poetry should be intelligent, material, profound. VII. The great drama in English history is tragic and twofold, namely, the failure of Henry VIII.’s ambition to be Emperor, and the failure of Wolsey’s ambition to be Pope. There is a might- have-been worth considering! What a Europe they would have made of it, the two most inde- pendent minds, the two most absolute people in the world! The only tragic drama comparable to it—not so great, but yet a great one—is the failure of Cesar Borgia to make the Popedom hereditary. VIII. The secret of dissimulation is never to blame what you really dislike ; because what we really dislike is always that of which we are most guilty. IX. It is the gross mental libertine who is seduced by all manner of theories and ideas ; a chaste mind marries and becomes—paterfamilias! Is that the alternative in intellectual matters : a debauchee, or a domestic animal ? XxX. Is it true that success is rooted in meanness ? Is it true that one must be very mean and hateful in one’s private relations if one is to succeed publicly ? Carlyle, Dickens, Byron, Shakespeare, all hateful as husbands. How sweet and beautiful and strong Walter Scott was! Was he? Glad- stone thought him a hard-hearted fellow. XI. Intelligence and goodwill would soon bring the world to an end. Great are stupidity ‘and malignity.  THE AUTHOR. XE. Movements are hateful things. Whenever two or more people make common cause they become rabble, entirely automatic, at the mercy of any passer who drops a penny in the slot. I have observed at close quarters a religious revival, and a Midlothian campaign, and know how hateful movements are. XII. How often it is the eunuch who writes frenzied hymns of love, the rachitic neuropath who addresses a pean to energy, the anemic dwarf who brags of his divinity. XIV. Most men begin as impersonality, but they are generally too feeble for it, the sea is so deep, the tempest so enduring: they buoy themselves up with life-belts, acquire personality by identifying themselves with some set of opinions, some creed, or social prejudice. XV. There is a profound antithesis between Literature and Religion : it closes behind ; but is continually opening up in front. They wanted to burn Mar- lowe ; now they have his bust in Canterbury. The literature of the past is Bible, the literature of to-day is Blasphemy—blasphemy that will become in its turn Bible. Literature is beyond the scope of schoolmen and clerics, and its criticism should lie in the hands of men who realise that the Anglican Church is only a minor branch of Chris- tianity, and that Christianity is only one among other religions. XVI. I have noticed that the moment one states a fact, the ink is promptly slung, “‘ Satirist ! cynic!” I have no objections: satire is pure fact ; cynicism is pure fact. JoHN DAVIDSON. ——__—__+—_>_+__———__- TEMPERAMENT. —_—+— ROBABLY to a greater extent than anyone imagines is the world governed by tempera- ment. The religion which a nation embraces is due to the temperam:nt of that nation. Every man is dyed through and through by his tempera- ment. It imprints itself upon all his actions, determines them, shapes them, to the same extent that the form of a mould governs the metal which is run into it. There can be no kudos gained by the man of philosophical temperament in the mere fact that he is philosophical. It is no cumulative part of righteousness on the part of the woman possessed 23 of an unselfish temperament that all her actions are unselfish. Certain temperaments are a sie qua non, they mean success and are success for the fortunate possessors thereof. A soldier requires a certain temperament in order that he may become a successful leader of men. It is then born in him. He may develop into a French or into a Hunter. Quite another temperament is necessary for a parish priest. Another again for the man of business. So long as the right man finds himself fitted with the right cap, he has a chance of success. There is one temperament which stands out from the rest more or less and of which we often hear ; it is known as the artistic temperament. People are said to be “cursed”—sometimes to be “ blessed ’—in the possession of this tempera- ment. ‘hat is to say, it isa magnificent gift in the hands of the man who possesses besides it genius and opportunity, but a stumbling-block in the path of him whose talents are but mediocre and who must do battle for the sake of daily bread. Or again for her, who, without due consideration, finds herself at the head of a family, rubbed at every turn by conventionalities and ties which a narrow circle forces her to respect. It is well known and yet little understood, this artistic temperament. Very small are the allowances which are made for the men and women whose melancholy and precious heritage it is, by the prac- tical and strenuous individual of somewhat limited vision. That temperament governs men’s lives is no- where better illustrated than in the case of the christian scientist. Hus beliefs are the outcome of his temperament. The tenets of christian science happen to be such which meet with his necessities and provide him with a sanction for his conduct. But had he been endowed with a different temperament, it is doubtful, if not improbable, that he would have become a convert to a religion with which he has just happened to be in sympathy. That temperament has to account for many of life’s difficulties, mistakes and failures, lies in the fact that it seldom fits in with environment. That is to say for example, that circumstances having prevented the man who is born with the tempera- ment which would have assisted him to become a good soldier from going into the Army, he becomes a clergyman or a schoolmaster, with his heart in neither, and the remark is frequently made about him—“ that man was never intended for the church ”—*“ he has missed his vocation.” Temperaments are manifold: there is the sanguine temperament and the morbid tempera- ment, far as the poles apart. That morbid temperament embitters many a woman’s life, and  24 from childhood to old age she sees life through an introspective, melancholy medium which colours both her thought and action. It affects her whole life. from it. Such reflections force the inference that tempera- ment must have a large share in creating and destroying individual success and happiness. His temperament is generally his handicap to every starter in the race of life. It would often scem to give him small chance of success. Take a man of nervous, excitable temperament, thrust by money and position into standing for his county in the next election. With the labourer upon whose vote his seat depends he is entirely out of touch. He loses that seat, where a man of a more practical and solid turn of mind would have won. Yet had his lines fallen to him in a town and among an artisan class, instead of a labouring class, the chances are that his brilliance would have met with understanding and appreciation, and gained him a victory. There is said to be an eternal conflict between duty and passion. Equally there may be said to be an eternal conflict between temperament and circumstance—so seldom does the square peg find itself in the square hole, so illogical would the plans of men’s lives appear to be. Indeed, life would seem to bristle with polarites and contradic- tions, extremes which never meet, wants which are insatiable. Call to mind some individual of roving disposition, with no cat-like affection for home, of tireless energy, to whom “roughing it ” is not an evil but even possesses a certain amount of fascination, an individual born to influence masses rather than units, to range far afield and deal with life not limited by hedges and walls, nor controlled by county councils, nor hampered with social conventions—take such a man, a man of the pioneer temperament, a born pioneer, never more necessary to national prosperity than to-day —and how often is he not found obliged to live a life the exact opposite of the one for which his temperament fits him? And the worst of it is, that possessed of such a temperament an irksome life ends in a failure, and a failure because of his temperament—he is galled; he is shorn; he is spoiled. What has not temperament to answer for? So many human failures, so few human successes. Again and again we blame a man’s bringing-up, and we blame a man’s circumstances when we review the grievous mistake which his life would appear to have been. We even blame what we are pleased to call “himself ””"—it was his own fault, we repeat: whereas if instead we laid the onus upon the temperament with which it had pleased nature to burden him, it might not be the sole She never gets away THE AUTHOR. reason of his pitiful failure, but it would partly account for his non-success. It calls aloud for recognition, in these days of large demands upon nervous vitality—this question of temperament, the fact that the history of the present moment resolves itself again and again into the temperament of a nation, the temperament of an individual. It is almost a truism to assert that every book which is written bears the stamp of the tempera- ment of its author. Copy lies ready to hand on every side all the world over, and from a vast field each writer makes his own selection. That selection depends upon many things, one of which is his own temperament. And having, according to the dictates of that temperament, culled certain material for a plot out of the great garden at hand, the author proceeds to treat that plot, tincturing it through and through in the essence, once more, of his own temperament. It may not come out in each character, in the hero or the heroine, it is in the general tone of the book, a little in its con- ception, a little in its details, that the temperament of the author is to be found, stalking through the pages. From the welcome given to such books as “ The Virginian,” of which it was said, You ought to read that—an absolutely healthy book, much as though a rara avis had been discovered, it is to be inferred that the novels of the present day are not always, so to speak, sanitary. Should there be justice in such an accusation, temperament must share the blame. IsaBEL SAVORY. ee ON MAGIC MIRRORS—A QUERY. BLE SE WAS diving into an old “ Encyclopedia Brit- annica” this morning. The. volume I took down from the library shelf has well turned its eighty-first birthday ; its complexion has become just a little mellow, and it has a fine old-fashioned manner of speech. It is inclined to be more moral and didactic than is the fashion now, and it is pleasantly discursive. It lingers (in the article on “Dreams ”) to beg the reader to “ guard against hopes and fears which may detach him from his proper concerns, and unfit him for the duties of life,” and to warn him solemnly against the evils atten- dant on “a disordered body, and a polluted and disturbed mind.” “From recollecting our dreams we may learn to correct the improprieties of our conduct,” says my old friend, and the long-tailed S’s seem to lend added dignity to the Johnsonian decision of his statement. One dares not be so pert as to  THE AUTHOR. 25 contradict. He is fond of referring with gentle patronage to “the simplicity of the vulgar.” I cannot believe that he would approve his descen- dant’s way of bidding for popularity in the columns of the daily papers ; but in spite, nay rather because, of his little prejudices he is most excellent and human (as well as learned) company. When I set out to consult this kind and well- informed guide on one subject he buttonholes me, so that I find myself caught by the immense amount he has to say on another. It was not “ Dreams ” but dioptrics that I had intended to inquire about, and there is something arresting in the enthusiasm with which he dilates on “ The Magic Lantern.” This very remarkable machine ” which is beheld with “ pleasing admiration ” and astonishment. Now the modern magic lantern has sadly lost its magic; it has become thoroughly instructive. It has taken to throwing carefully accurate photo- graphs on a sheet in order to illustrate popular lectures on astronomy, architecture, botany, geology and what not. It has become the humble handmaid of the exact sciences, and no longer attempts to ‘‘ Produce the appearance of a phantom on a pedestal in the middle of a table,” nor beau- tiful coloured figures on a cloud of smoke, which are “so conspicuous” that the foolish spectator (who evidently partakes of the simplicity of the vulgar) “thinks he may grasp them with the hand.” I own to aslight longing to try to produce that phantom ! (the directions are temptingly explicit), but I suppose Pepper exploited him once and for all, and a spectre ceases to be interesting when you know how he is evolved. Yet still the discourse holds me. Long, long ago people loved “passing pictures.” Britomart saw her knight in a mirror. The magic mirrors of the magicians are a distinct feature, not only of medizeval but of far more ancient lore. Only the other day I heard of a lucky person who picked up an old Venetian mirror at a sale in Italy, which accomplishes a feat the secret of which baffles modern dioptricians. When you walk towards this wonderful old glass, and stretch out your hand towards it, another hand seems to come right ont of the frame to meet yours ! I wish I had some acquaintance with the possessor of that wizard’s trick! I wonder if he is ever seized with a foolish desire to take his mirror out of its setting, and see how the thing is done 2 And this brings me to the question I want to ask. Could not these reflected effects of light and colour which we get from magic lanterns, and of which charlatanism has often made profit, be also used to help in the reading of poetry or the telling of tales ? Of course, I know that the white sheet with its round disk of light plays a part still in children’s parties. It provides a well loved and delightful entertainment ; but surely we might do better than that ! In my mind’s eye I see, not a sheet with a hard round disk, on which is thrown more or less inade- quate representations of the beautiful old fairy stories, but something far more mysterious and suggestive. A mirror set in a frame. Pictures that appear and fade like the pictures in “ Aunt Margaret’s Mirror,” that fateful mirror into which Lady Forester and her sister peeped with such tragic result. I should like to see such a mirror in a private room, where the hostess can read or chant the poems that she loves to guests who have paid no pennies! Our entertainments are apt to be a trifle too impersonal and “shoppy” at present; that is why I want the pictures to be the accom- paniments to especially chosen poems. But then they would have to be especially painted, and I fear that that might cost a small fortune! But just imagine what a charming refreshment for people who love both colour and poetry ! Would you not, some of you, like to see the reflection of Neckan singing to his harp of gold? and of the flowering staff of the hard-hearted priest ? or of but no! if I once begin to make a list of all the images I should like to call up, this silly paper will never be finished. As for the smoke pictures, they are to be partially evolved from an article familiar enough in my encyclopaedia’s youth, but rarer now! You get them out of a chafing dish. I should so very much like to see them tried ona lawn on a hot summet’s night. You have to provide a curiously-made box, and put your chafing dish, filled with glowing coals, inside it. Then you fling incense on the coals, and you throw your lovely pictures on the column of smoke which “ rises in a cloud from the aperture of the box.” My instructor says, “ It is remarkable in this representation that the motion of the smoke does not at all change the figures.” I (who know nothing whatever about dioptrics) am struck with wonder that such should be the case, but I am glad it is so ! The host would have to know the poems by heart at that gathering, for no disturbing light can be allowed by which to read. Perhaps each guest should bring a pinch of imagination, which would help as much as the handful of incense, but the dullest can produce imagination on asummer’s night out of doors ; and what, oh what an ideal party that might be! If any one is inspired to attempt it next summer, I will send him all the directions for making the box, if only he will please invite me to sit on the grass and see the smoke pictures rise up.  26 Seriously, however, I fear that that enchanting bonfire is a little beyond the reach of the amateur’s accomplishment, though I still feel that my magic mirror could and should be managed. If one had a deep frame surrounding a polished dark surface, like enamelled wood, for example, or if one had a tight-stretched transparent surface within the frame, and if the inside measure were the exact size of the disk of light thrown by the lantern, could it be done? And, in the latter case, could the lantern be behind, not in front of the frame, so that the pictures showed through ? It is not for trickery but for beauty that one would like to press into service these visions writ in smoke and water and light. It would be so charming to have a magic mirror that should not pretend to foretell the mercifully veiled future nor be the slave of superstition and charlatanism, but should reflect the white magic of poetry, of pure fancies and beautiful images. I wonder now if any one who reads this has any knowledge of how one is to set about possessing such a mirror. Can any one put foundations to this dream? If so, I hope he will graciously impart his knowledge, and will write a far more interesting and useful létter than mine. F. F. Montresor. i FICTION IN THE MAKING. os [Reprinted from The American Critic, by kind permission of the Editor. ] I. O farther South-west than Communipaw Was it ever my fate to go, Nor Indian nor cowboy I ever saw Except with a Wild West show ; But Pll weave you a tale of the boundless plains, The gulch and the mining camp, The mountain trail and the burro trains, And ranges where wild steers stamp. It is true that I flinch at the sound of a gun— My nerves are deplorably weak ; All quarrelsome persons I carefully shun— My nature is shrinking and meek ; But the Alkali Alecks and Piute Petes Through my powder-grimed chapters shall prance : They shall shoot up the town as they dash through the streets, 2 And make the pale tenderfoot dance. Oh, it’s Whoop for the bronco-buster bold ! And it’s Wow for the fierce bad man ! And there’s always a market for stories told On the strenuous border plan. THE AUTHOR. II. I never have sailed on a gallant ship, And I’ve vowed that I never will, For it only requires a ferry-boat trip To make me unpleasantly ill ; But I’ll spin you a yarn of the salt, salt sea, And the storm-lashed Atlantic’s surge, Of masts by the board, and of surf a-lee That moaneth the sailorman’s dirge. I am not quite sure if the mizzen truck Is a rope or a species of sail, If the flying jib-boom with glue is stuck, Or merely held fast with a nail ; But I’ll prate you of main topgallant stay, Of capstan and crossjack lift, As I tell of a voyage to Far Cathay Or where Arctic icebergs drift. Then it’s Yo-heave-ho! and Avast below ! And Shiver the binnacle light ! For why ever to sea need a landsman go A nautical novel to write ? III. Tn history I was my teacher’s despair At school, and I’ve learned little since ; I forget whether Louis the Debonair Was a German or English prince ; But I'll write a romance of the Georges’ court, Of Virginia under King James, With gallants of the Philip Sidney sort, And powdered Colonial dames. Old fashions in dress I have only seen At an Arion fancy ball ; Nor royalty, saving perhaps a queen Of song in a concert hall ; But my lady shall wear a patch by her nose And a Queen Elizabeth ruff, And my lord shall swagger in peach-coloured hose, With a yard of lace on his cuff. So it’s Marry, come up; and it’s Varlet, what ho ! By my halidom, sire! and Gadzooks ! For of history little we need to know When making historical books. TV. I never have seen a football game, And, judging by common report, I would much rather not, for I hold it a shame To permit such a brutal sport ; But my pen shall depict the chalk-lined field Where straining young giants meet : The stone-wall centre that will not yield, And the quarter-back’s flying feet. My college career was confined to a course In one of the business kind ; For mere exhibitions of physical force, I never had muscle nor mind: ©  ¥ THE AUTHOR. 27 But I'll give you the thunderous cheers for the Blue, Or the shouts for the Orange and Black, When some Chadwick or Poe for a touchdown goes through With a dozen men piled on his back. ‘And it’s Siss—boom—ah—Princeton ! and Rah—rah—rah—Yale ! And Brace on the five-yard line ! For I’ve seldom known ’varsity football to fail In selling a story of mine. Ross LAWRENCE. <_< —__—_—_—_ CORRESPONDENCE. og “ WHat’s In A NAME?” Srr,—Under the heading of “Legal Notes,” in your issues of June and July, Mr. E. A. Armstrong deals with the question of the right (or non-right) of an author to the title of his book. His first letter, discussing “the position of a new book with regard to a title which has been used before by another writer,” seems, when all the pros and cons are considered, to leave an im- pression on the mind that an author’s right to his book-title has about the value of an arithmetical round o, when the o stands alone. When this legal con is deducted from that legal pro, and this pro from that con, the author’s position appears to be more indefinite than the happenings of to-morrow. In the second paragraph of his first letter, Mr. Armstrong asserts :—“ The right to the name ofa book is not copyright.” Why should it not be ? The name of a bdok is the introductory sentence of that book; and why, in reason, should not the introductory sentence share legal protection with any other passage in the work? An author appropriating for his “new book” any portion of another’s registered book is indictable for infringe- ment of copyright. Why should not the law, which holds the literary purloiner liable for incor- porating in his book any passage from another’s, make him equally amenable for stealing the intro- ductory sentence? Every line should be covered by copyright from title to finis. Having asserted, ‘The right to the title of a book is not copyright,” Mr. Armstrong remarks :— “At the same time,-there is in a title a right which is capable of protection” (!). Pray, what is that right if not copyright ? Copyright is the one right known to authors as capable of protecting their works. What would be thought of the man who declared he had a right to his own person as Mr. Penman Dryasdust, but no right whatever to his christian and surname, Penman Dryasdust, Esq.? The law will protect his style and title as well as his person. “Tt is in some cases of importance to an author that it (the title of his book) should be protected. In others . . . a work which is of no value needs no protection.” This is the dictum of Mr. Arm- strong. But, who is to assess finally the value of a work ? How many books have lain dormant upon the shelves of publishers for years, before rising to centuries of fame and millenaries of circulation ? Take, for instance, Hume’s own words anent his “History of England,” before its resurrection to a life of established fame : “The book seemed to sink into oblivion ; Mr. Millar (Hume’s publisher) told me that in a twelvemonth he had sold only forty-five copies of it.” A more modern instance is that of “ Lorna Doone.” The book was quietly settling down for a long rest on its publisher’s shelves, when a happy public event aroused it to a deserved popularity. Every author knows the story of its electric burst into fame. If a book with a prior claim to the title of another book in the market, after having lain dormant for years, is awakened by public appreciation to fame and circulation, what becomes of Mr. Armstrong’s theory of cribbing a title because it was “of no value?” Would “the question have to be decided whether he (the author) is to be treated with contempt or humoured,” as Mr. Armstrong puts it? In a court of law the prior title would be certain to win a verdict upon its resurrection-claimed value. Would B.’s conten- tion that because A.’s book had no circulation when first issued it was “ of no value” be any plea for justification ? Certainly not! Take parallel cases, and judge if Mr. Armstrong’s “no value ” standard is morally or legally correct. Take house-property instead of literary property, or take house utensils. If a certain house-property would not let or sell, and was therefore supposed “of no value” to its owner, would any man have a right to alter it out of all recognition, and then claim the title-deeds 2? What would be thought by common- sense people of the morality of such an assumed right ? Because a house or a book is “of no value” in the eyes of some does that create a right for another to levant with the things of no reputed value? There are many things in one’s house of no reputed value, and if a burglar stole any one of them, he would be tried at the Old Bailey for thefc—proving that justice sets a value upon all things coming under the title of property. Since this “no value” theory cannot hold for a moment with rectitude, then, out on it for a principle of conduct !  28 Let me review “the legal position” of Mr. Armstrong’s A. and B. deductions from the case of the “ Oxford Bibles.” He writes: ‘‘ This, therefore, it is submitted, is the legal position: that A. must not take for his hook the name used by B. so as to have his (A.’s) book mistaken for B.’s.” What else can happen except mistaken identity and confusion when one writer takes another writer’s book-title? If A.’s title failed to sell his book, what warrant have we that the same title will “boom” B.’s work ? Then, in what lies the value of annexing another’s title? Again, has not B. a very meagre inventive faculty, when it is not fertile enough to evolve into blossom an original title for his own work? Whether is better, to brain-sweat honestly for one’s own produce, or to crib another man’s ? The inventive faculty is the fiction author’s prospecting ground, containing the original ore, which, when refined in the critical crucible of other mental faculties, presents to the world that valuable article called a book. Mr. Armstrong would con- done trespass upon this exclusively-staked prospect- ing ground or claim; notwithstanding that the owner pronounces, “ Trespassers will be prosecuted according to law.” To the lay mind the natural sequence of B.’s adopting A.’s title would induce the belief that A. was the more original writer of the two, and that B. levied for his book the ideas of A. Can Mr. Armstrong giveany instance of one author having appropriated the title of another author’s book, and that book having had an extensive sale? If this question can be answered affirmatively, then title-appropriation is of value at the expense of the original inventor, which, to say the least of it, is a very dubious title to fame or honesty. The experi- ment, according to his own admission, was attempted by Mr. Armstrong. He writes: “I have suffered from the nuisance, as I had to change the name of a novel, after it had been announced in advance, because the writer of a short story having the title I had chosen,” etc., etc. Does Mr. Armstrong mean by “suffered from the nuisance” that his book did not sell by consequence of his not having been allowed to adopt the title of another author’s work? Or does he suppose that had he been permitted to take that other’s title his book would have had a sale? This is certainly the inference from his words ; for as his work was prefaced by his own invented title, he declares, “My book is now as dead as a doornail.”’ Paragraph seven in the July letter is wisdom itself, not because it upsets nearly all the pros and cons in both Mr. Armstrong’s June and July letters, but on account of its advice to authors to keep on the safe side of a law court. The Society of Authors will not be a complete THE AUTHOR. organisation until such time as it establishes a “ Titles’ Registration Department.” CHARLES RIcHARD PanTeR. Wickhampton. —1—> + a AUTHOR AND INCoME Tax. Sir,—It would be a matter of great interest to. your readers if Mr. Thring could advise upon the author’s income tax. Should an author count sums received for the sale of copyright and cheques. in advance of royalties as income? The stamp- ing of agreements assigning copyrights should throw a light upon the interpretation of these things as property. Yours sincerely, TAXPAYER. —-—~> + THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR. Sir,—Will you kindly allow me to ask any other author who has suffered from the overcharge of the publisher to write to me and give me details. I would like to say that I purpose to write a book under the title of “The Humour of Books and the Ways of the Publishers,” and shall-be glad to receive anything and everything that will be helpful. Yours, &c., &c., J. P. SANDLANDS. —_—— ELECTIONS AND COPYRIGHT. Srr,—I am no politician, but I am from time to. time made aware that disturbances called elections are taking place. On such occasions unknown people who want to talk call at strange hours, and the letter-box furnishes, in addition to the ordinary flood of touting advertisements, other applications apparently equally veracious, and certainly couched in similar language, informing me that the Empire will go to the dogs if I do not—or do—vote for someone of whose real opinions I know nothing. Amongst this vote-hunting tribe are evidently the gentlemen whom authors have to thank for obstructing the passing of enactments advantageous to the literary profession. Might I suggest that next time an election comes off Zhe Author should print—conspicuously and in heavy type—a black list of the names of these worthies? Votes are evidently the only things they care about ; and though authors’ votes may be few, those who labour to diminish authors’ incomes may just as well go without them. A VoTeR aND AUTHOR. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author, Vol. 15 Issue 01 (October 1904) Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em>, Vol. 15 Issue 01 (October 1904) Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1904-10-01-The-Author-15-1 publications The Author