https://historysoa.com/files/original/5/458/1894-01-01-The-Author-4-8.pdf ca88dbbd9fa8f5fc910e01d4abc81a3e PDF Text Text ������������������������������������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em> Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, <em>The Author</em>, 1890<span>–</span>1914, made available together for the first time.<br /><br />Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&amp;collection=&amp;type=&amp;tags=&amp;exhibit=&amp;date_search_term=&amp;submit_search=Search+For+Items&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1894-01-01 Volume 4 Issue 8 Pages Page range in volume 281–316 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18940101 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin The Hutbor. (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vou. IV.—No. 8.] JANUARY 1, 1804. [Prick SIXPENCE. CONTENTS. PAGE PAGE Notes, &c. aes eee oe se ae see Se se ... 283 Feuilleton— Li The Editor aie ses bis oe eee oat Ses wesc20D. iterary Property gf 985 Mr. Andrew Lang v. The Society... 3 1—Walter v. Lowe... ce a alee oe = oe On Military Noms de Plume... car oi oe tae : a ee Scan en ne oa ey “ Bue ‘* At the Sign of the Author’sHead” ... oe sae ae e+e 300 3.—Huskin v. Cope Sy ey ee me oS oa ee a Correspondence.—l. The Beginner.—2. Music Publishing.—3. 4.—Harper v. Tillotson on tes ot wee eas +++ 287 ‘Minor Agents.”—4. Charles Lamb on Publishers.—5. The The French Academy and the Letter ‘‘ A.” By H. F. Wood _ ... 288 Small Bookseller.—6. The Penny Novelette.—7. More Con- Book Talk x 290 tradictory Criticisms.—8. A Stamp of Approval.—9. The Ameri x h me P Be ti a plishi 26 ase Sa oa 291 Anonymous Journalism.—10. Two Publics ne eet See 802 See ut Crs One UOUa eee e = From the Papers.—l. The Destruction of Books.—2. Cockney A Ballade of Maistre Francoys Rabelais. By Showell Rogers ... 292 Pronunciations.—3. ‘‘Put your Pride in your Pocket.”—4. Modern Literature in Oxford us os: ang nae ons sega | Artists in Black and White ... ae cs ae eee eer OOe Notes and News. By the Editor... - —- ace cer ... 292 ' New Books and New Editions... tue aS oe ne wee 809 PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY. 1. The Annual Report. That for January 1893 can be had on application to the Secretary. 9. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance of Literary Property. Issued to all Members. 3. The Grievances of Authors. (The Leadenhall Press.) 1s. The Report of three Meetings on the general subject of Literature and its defence, held at Willis’s Rooms, March, 1887. 4. Literature and the Pension List. By W. Morris Couuus, Barrister-at-Law. (Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C.) 3s. 5. The History of the Société des Gens de Lettres. By S. Squire Spriacz, late Secretary to the Society. 1s. 6, The Cost of Production. | Tn this work specimens are given of the most important forms of type, size of page, &c., with estimates showing what it costs to produce the more common kinds of books. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 2s. 6d. 7, The Various Methods of Publication. By S. Squiru Spricex. In this work, compiled from the papers in the Society’s offices, the various forms of agreements proposed by Publishers to Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the various kinds of fraud which have been made possible by the different clauses in their agreements. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 35. 8. Copyright Law Reform. An Exposition of Lord Monkswell’s Copyright Bill now before Parlia- ment. With Extracts from the Report of the Commission of 1878, and an Appendix containing the Berne Convention and the American Copyright Bill. By J. M. Lety. Eyre and Spottiswoode. ts. 6d. : 9, The Society of Authors. A Record of its Action from its Foundation, By Watrrr Brsant (Chaiiman of Committee, 1888—1892). 1s.  282 ADVERTISEMENTS. The Society of Authors (Bucorporafed). PRESIDENT. GEHEORGH MbERHDITE,. COUNCIL. : Sir Epwin ARNOLD, K.C.LE., C.S.1. THE EARL oF DESART. Lewis Morris. ALFRED AUSTIN. Austin Dosson. Pror. Max MULLER. J. M. Barriz. A. Conan Doytz, M.D. J. C. PARKINSON. A. W. A BEcKETT. A. W. Dusoure. Tur Ear. or PEMBROKE AND Mont- RoBERT BATEMAN. J. Enic ERIcusEn, F.R.S. GOMERY. Sir Henry Berene, K.C.M.G. Pror. Micuazrt Foster, F.R.S. Sir Freperick Potuock, Bart., LL.D. WALTER BESANT. Ricut Hon. HERBERT GARDNER, M.P.| Watrer Herrizs PoLock. AUGUSTINE BIRRELL, M.P. RicHaRD GARNETT, LL.D. A. G. Ross. Rev. Pror. Bonney, F-.R.S. EpmMuND GoOssE. GrorGE AUGUSTUS SALA. Rieut Hon. James Bryce, M.P. H. Riper HaGearpD. W. Bapriste ScOONES. Hau CAINE. Tuomas Harpy. G. R. Sms. Egerton Castue, F.S.A. JEROME K. JEROME. S. Squire SPRIGGE. P. W. CLAYDEN. RupYARD KIPLinea. J. J. STEVENSON. EDWARD CLODD. Pror. E. Ray LANKESTER, F.R.S. Jas. SULLY. W. Morris CouuEs. J. M. Lery. Witi1am Moy THomas. Hon. JoHn COLLIER. Rev. W. J. Lorrie, F.S.A. H. D. Traruu, D.C.L. W. Martin Conway. Pror. J. M. D. MEIKLEJOHN. E. M. UnpERpDowy, Q.C. : F. Marion CRAWFORD. HERMAN C. MERIVALE. Baron HENRY DE Worms, M.P.,F.R.S. OswaLD CRAWFURD, C.M.G. Rev. C. H. MrippiEtTon- WAKE. EpMUND YATES. Hon. Cownsel—E. M. UNDERDOWN, Q.C. Solicitors—Messrs. FrELD, Roscoz, and Co., Lincoln’s Inn Fields. Accountants—Messrs. OscaAR BERRY and CaRR, Monument-square, E.C. Secretary—G. Henpert THRine, B.A. OFFICES: 4, Portucan STREET, Lincotn’s Inn Freips, W.C. BOOKS PUBLISHED BY HORACE COX. Cloth lettered, price 5s. | Crown 8vo., bevelled boards, gilt edges, price 5s. Te Fr cae | PRINCIPLES OF CHESS Dr. J. A. GOODCHILD THEORY AND PRACTICE. Cloth lettered, price 5s. TALES IN VERSE. BY BY Dr. J. A. GOODCHILD. JAMES MASOA. CONTENTS. Price One Shilling; by post, 1s. 33d. | 1.—Elements of Chess. | 2.—General Principles. H U E N AL 3.—Combination. a | 4.—Exposition of Master Play Complete. AND LADY'S CALENDAR FOR 1894. Among its Contents will be found Fully Illustrated, in crown 8vo., price 5s. 6d., by post, 5s. 10d. | | A CHROMO-LITHOGRAPH PLATE OF IMITATION LIMOGES | THE FOURTH EDITION OF ENAMEL EN GRISAILLE. 4 SUPPLEMENT OF WINTER COMFORTS IN KNITTING AND | A Sy St hi NM Pocket Size, price 6d.; by post, 63d. | | | THE LAWS OF GOLF, FIGURE SKATING. As Adopted by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of | Being the Theory and Practice of the Art as Developed in St. Andrews. England, with a Glance at its Origin and History. Special Rules for Medal Play. By T. MAXWELL WITHAM Etiquette of Golf. Winners of the Golfing Championship. (Member of the Skating Club). Winners and Runners-up for the Amateur Championship. WINDSOR HOUSE, BREAM’S BULLDINGS, B.C.  Che Buthor. (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vou. IV.—No. 8.] JANUARY 1, 1894. [PRIcE SIXPENCE. For the Opinions expressed in papers that are signed or initialled the Authors alone are responsible. None of the papers or para- graphs must be taken as ewpressing the collective opinions of the committee unless they are officially signed by G. Herbert Thring, Sec. HE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and requests that all members not receiving an answer to important communications within two days will write to him without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered letter only. Communications and letters are invited on all subjects connected with literature, but on no other subjects what- ever. Articles which cannot be accepted are returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS. specs WARNINGS AND ADVICE. T is not generally understood that the author, as the vendor, has the absolute right of drafting the agree- ment upon whatever terms the transaction is to be carried out. Authors are strongly advised to exercise that right. Inevery other form of business, the right of drawing the agreement rests with him who sells, leases, or has the control of the property. EADERS of the Author and members of the Society are earnestly desired to make the following warnings as widely known as possible. They are based on the experience of nine years’ work by which the dangers to which literary property is especially exposed have been discovered :— 1, SER1AL Ricuts.—In selling Serial Rights stipulate that you are selling the Serial Right for one paper at a certain time only, otherwise you may find your work serialized for years, to the detriment of your volume form. 2. STAMP yoUR AGREEMENTS. — Readers are most URGENTLY warned not to neglect stamping their agreements immediately after signature. If this precaution is neglected for two weeks, a fine of £10 must be paid before the agree- ment can be used as a legal document. In almost every case brought to the secretary the agreement, or the letter VOL. IV. which serves for one, is forwarded without the stamp. The author may be assured that the other party to the agree- ment never neglects this simple precaution. The Society, to save trouble, undertakes to get all the agreements of members stamped for them at no expense to themselves except the cost of the stamp. 3. ASCERTAIN WHAT A PROPOSED AGREEMENT GIVES TO BOTH SIDES BEFORE SIGNING IT.—Remember that an arrangement as toa joint venturein any other kind of busi- ness whatever would be instantly refused should either party refuse to show the books or to let it be known what share he reserved for himself. 4. LireraARy AGENtTS.—Be very careful. Yow cannot be too careful as to the person whom you appoint as your agent. Remember that you place your property almost un- reservedly in his hands. Your only safety is in consulting the Society, or some friend who has had personal experience of the agent. Do not trust advertisements alone. 5. Cost or Propuction.——Never sign any agreement of which the alleged cost of production forms an integral part, until you have proved the figures. 6. CHOICE OF PuBLISHERS.—Never enter into any cor- respondence with publishers, especially with those who ad- vertise for MSS., who are not recommended by experienved friends or by this Society. 7. FutrurE Worx.—Never, on any account whatever, bind yourself down for future work to anyone. 8. Rovatty.—Never accept any proposal of royalty until you have ascertained what the agreement, worked out on both a small and a large sale, will give to the author and what to the publisher. g. PERSONAL Risk.—Never accept any pecuniary risk or responsibility whatever without advice. 10. Resuct—ED MSS.—Never, when a MS. has been re- fused by respectable houses, pay others, whatever promises they may put forward, for the production of the work. 11. AMERICAN Riguts.—Never sign away American rights. Keep them by special clause. Refuse to sign an) agreement containing a clause which reserves them for the publisher, unless for a substantial consideration. If the publisher insists, take away the MS. and offer it to another. 12. CESSION OF CopyRiagHT.—Never sign any paper, either agreement or receipt, which gives away copyright, without advice. 13. ADVERTISEMENTS.—Keep control over the advertise- ments, if they affect your returns, by a clause in the agree- ment. Reserve a veto. If you are yourself ignorant of the subject, make the Society your adviser. z 2  284 14. Never forget that publishing is a business, like any other business, totally unconnected with philanthropy, charity, or pure love of literature. You have to do with business men. Be yourself a business man. Society’s Offices :— 4, PorruGan Street, Lincoun’s Inn FIELps. po HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY. rE | ie member has a right to advice upon his agreements, his choice of a publisher, or any . dispute arising in the conduct of his business or the administration of his property. If the advice sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member has a right to an opinion from the Society’s solicitors. If the case is such that Counsel’s opinion is desirable, the Com- mittee will obtain for him Counsel’s opinion. All this without any cost to the member. 2. Remember that questions connected with copyright and publisher’s agreements do not generally fall within the experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually engaged upon such questions for us. 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books represented. This isin order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree- ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor- mation thus obtained may prove invaluable. 4. If the examination of your previous business trans- actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should take advice as to a change of publishers. 5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro- posed document to the Society for examination. 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks of every publish- ing firm in the country. Remember that there are certain houses which live entirely by trickery. 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen- dence of the writer. 8. Send to the Editor of the Awthor notes of everything important to literature that you may hear or meet with. ee THE AUTHORS’ SYNDICATE. EMBERS are informed : q 1. That the Authors’ Syndicate takes charge of the business of members of the Society. With, when necessary, the assistance of the legal advisers of the Syndi- cate, it concludes agreements, collects royalties, examines and passes accounts, and generally relieves members of the trouble of managing business details. 2. That the expenses of the Authors’ Syndicate are defrayed solely out of the commission charged on rights placed through its intervention. Notice is, however, hereby given that in all cases where there is no current account, a booking fee is charged to cover postage and porterage. THE AUTHOR. 3. That the Authors’ Syndicate works for none but those members of the Society whose work possesses a market value. 4. That the Syndicate can only undertake any negotiation whatever on the distinct understanding that those negotia. tions are placed exclusively in its hands, and that all communications relating thereto are referred to it. 5. That clients can only be seen by the Editor by appoint- ment, and that, when possible, at least four days’ notice should be given. The work of the Syndicate is now so heavy, that only a limited number of interviews can be arranged. 6. That every attempt is made to deal with the corre- spondence promptly, but that owing to the enormous number of letters received, some delay is inevitable. That stamps should, in all cases, be sent to defray postage. 7. That the Authors’ Syndicate does not invite MSS. without previous correspondence, and does not hold itself responsible for MSS. forwarded without notice. It is announced that, by way of a new departure, the Syndicate has undertaken arrangements for lectures by some of the leading members of the Society; that a “Transfer Department,’ for the sale and purchase of journals and periodicals, has been opened ; and that a “Register of Wants and Wanted” has been opened. Members anxious to obtain literary or artistic work are invited to communicate with the Manager. There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in the Syndicate. : NOTICES. HE Editor of the Author begs to remind members of the Society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and communications on all subjects connected with literature from members and others. Nothing can do more good to the Society than to make the Author complete, attractive, and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this work send their names and the special subjects on which they are willing to write ? Communications for the Author should reach the Editor not later than the 21st of each month. : All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate to the Editor any points connected with their work which it would be advisable in the general interest to publish. Members and others who wish their MSS. read are requested not to send them to the Office without previously communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order im which they are received. It must also be distinctly under- stood that the Society does not, under any circumstances, undertake the publication of MSS. The Authors’ Club is now open in its new premises, at 3, Whitehall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary for information, rules of admission, &c. Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they have paid their subscriptions for the year? If they will do  THE AUTHOR. this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker’s order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the trouble of sending out a reminder. Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the warning numbered (7). It is a most foolish and a most disastrous thing to bind yourself to anyone for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest? Of course they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign themselves into literary bondage for three or five years? Those who possess the “Cost of Production” are requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15 per cent. This means, for those who do not like the trouble of “doing sums,” the addition of three shillings in the pound on this head. In other words, if the cost of binding is set down in our book at eight pounds, to this must now be added twenty-four shillings more, so that it now stands at £9 4s. The figures in our book are as near the exact truth as can be procured; but a printer’s, or a binder’s, bill is so elastic a thing that nothing more exact can be arrived at. Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged in the “ Cost of Production” for advertising. Ofcourse, we have not included any sums which may be charged for inserting advertisements in the publisher’s own magazines, or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket, by inserting any number of advertisements in his own magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those who practise this method of swelling their own profits eall it. Pes LITERARY PROPERTY. I.—Hiexu Court oF Jusrice.—CHANCERY Division. Friday, Dec. 8. (Before Mr. Justice KEkEewicu.) Watter v. Lowe. HIS was an action by Mr. Walter, on behalf 3 of himself and all others, the proprietors of the Times newspaper, for an injunction to restrain the defendant, Mr. Charles Lowe, a secondhand bookseller in Birmingham, from further issuing or distributing a catalogue recently issued by him, purporting to contain an extract from a leading article in the Times. The leading article in question appeared in the Times of Sept. 26, 1866. It commenced by referring to a correspondence that had then recently been pub- lished in the Times on ‘‘auction knock-outs,” which the article characterised as “one of the most iniquitous abuses ever introduced into a respect- able trade.” Then, after pointing out the advan- tages of an ordinary bond fide sale by auction, the article went on to say, “In reality, under the present system, an auction is the most unfair of all sales, and is the most ruinous method of dis- 285 posing of any sort of goods.” Then the article went on to describe the “ knock-out system,” which is simply a device for excluding competition at auctions and enabling brokers to obtain things at less than their proper value. The article con- cluded as follows: “ As matters are now managed, no one will resort to an auction who can dispose of his goods by any other means.” In book cata- logues issued by the defendant he printed the following notice on the cover: “ Books wanted to purchase—libraries or smaller collections of books bought for cash at the maaimum market value without any deductions or delays. The danger of selling by auction—rather than disposing of libraries to respectable dealers—has been pointed out by a leading article in the Times, from which the following is an extract: ‘An auction is the most unfair of all sales, and is the most ruinous method of disposing of any sort of goods. As matters are now managed, no one will resort to an auction who can dispose of his goods by any other means.’”’ This so-called “extract” was, it will be observed, a combination of the two sen- tences above quoted from the Times leading article, but omitting the words “ In reality, under the present system” from the first sentence. The issue of the defendant’s notice having been com- plained of by various members of the Auctioneers’ Institute of the United Kingdom, and also con- demned at a meeting of the council of the insti- tute, the secretary brought the matter to the notice of the manager of the Times, who, not then being aware of the existence of the article, at once wrote to the defendant requesting to be informed from what number of the Times the quotation was made. The defendant replied that the paragraph was a cutting taken by an assistant, and had appeared without his knowledge; and he expressed his regret that the remarks had appeared. The solicitors to the Times then wrote to the defen- dant, but as they received no reply to their com- munications, the writ in this action was issued, and notice of motion for an interim injunction was served upon the defendant. The motion now came on for hearing, which, by consent, was treated as the trial of the action. It was not until after the writ had been issued and notice of motion served that the manager of the Times for the first time became aware of the existence of the article published in 1866. He thereupon filed an affidavit, exhibiting a copy of the article, and stating that the defendant’s quotation from it was altogether misleading. The defendant filed an affidavit, maintaining that his extract was an accurate quotation from the article, and that he published it entirely bond side, and with no desire to injure the plaintiffs or any auctioneers. He further stated that as soon as his attention  286 had been called to the matter he had agreed not to print any further catalogues containing the extract, and had not done so, though he had dis- tributed the catalogues he had in stock. Mr. Warmington, Q.C., and Mr. MacSwinney for the plaintiffs, contended that the extract, appearing as it did, without any context, gave an entirely erroneous idea of what the article was about. A lie was all the worse that it was half the truth. Mr. Ashton Cross, for the defendant, denied that the extract was unfair. He contended that it was a perfectly accurate summary of the whole article. Mr. Justice Kexewicu.—Mr. Ashton Cross has argued this case for the defendant with the true instinct of an advocate—as if he thoroughly believed in his case. But when he says that this extract is obviously fair, that nothing could be more fair, that it is a perfect summary of the article, and so forth, his advocacy is taking a rhetorical form. It is unnecessary for me to go into the general question how fara leading article in the Zimes, given to the public and circulated, is public property, or how far there is private property remaining in the proprietors of the Times, or in other newspapers. But it is common knowledge that no one is entitled to reproduce the article itself, or any summary of it, or any extractor quotations from it, so as to give an unfair colour to it, to the prejudice of the original publisher. According to this extract, or so-called extract—for it consists of two extracts combined into one—which I have before me, the Times, on some day which has now been ascer- tained, attacked auction sales in the most (I may be allowed to say) improper manner, ran them down asa mode of disposing of property to which no honest man would resort; and, not only that, but warned everybody against ever attending an auction under any circumstances. That was not what the Times had under its con- sideration. That was not what the Zvmes was doing. Acting on behalf of the public, the Tvmes in this article calls attention to a particular class of auctions which are called “ knock-outs;”’ and they seem to have been brought to the attention of the newspaper and the public by a series of letters, many of which are mentioned here, and the evil of the system is pointed out and some remedies are suggested. It the Times had pub- lished anything like this extract, standing alone, they probably would have laid themselves open to very serious blame; and if they had not laid themselves open to legal proceedings, they certainly would have been highly culpable in thus describing a mode of sale which the court frequently resorts to, and very often highly THE AUTHOR. approves of—that is to say, sale by auction. This gentleman, the defendant, has ingeniously taken one sentence from about one-third down the article, tacked it on to the last sentence at the end, and then says that is a fair summary, Tt is rather astonishing, I suppose, for the writer of an article in the Times to be told that his article could be summarised in that way. But this article is not summarised by this extract. The extract does not give the slightest idea of what the article is. It is devoted to all auctions, — instead of to this particular class of auctions, and it trounces them all in this severe language. That is an injury to the Zimes. Mr. Cross dwells on the injury to the auctioneers. Indirectly, no doubt, auctioneers may complain; and if they complain that may affect the Zimes, of which, no doubt, the auctioneers are large customers by way of advertisements. But the Times itself has the right to say, “* You shall not publish our article, either wholly, partially, or by way of summary, or by way of extract, otherwise than fairly. Ifyou depart from that, and, still more, if, departing from the fair summary, you give an entirely different colour to our article, then you are saying that we have said something which we have not, and that you have no right to do.” The injunction must go; and, this being the trial of the action, it will be made perpetual, with costs. Il.—Barzy v. CoLEMAN. The plaintiff, Mr. F. C. Barley, journalist, of 50, Threadneedle-street, sued the defendant, Mr. W. H. Coleman, stock and sharebroker, of St. Martin’s-lane, to recover £3 6s., balance of an account for work done. Plaintiff said he had written certain articles on defendant’s instruc- tions for a newspaper called The City, and defen dant agreed to pay him £2 2s. a week for his services. Cross-examined by Mr. Lovell (defen- dant’s solicitor), he said the remuneration was not dependent upon the amount of scurrilous and libellous matter that he wrote. Mr. Lovell sub- mitted that, as plaintiff had not produced the papers, he had not shown that he had rendered any services, The learned judge found for the plaintiff for the amount claimed.— City Press. It].—Rusxin v. Cope. An account of this action appeared in last month’s Author. We have received a circular signed “ Walter Codd’’ from the offices of Messrs. Mackrell and Ward, 1, Walbrook, City. We extract the following portion of this circular :— From time to time my clients have, since April, 1875, issued in their monthly periodical which they published at that time, various notices of your client’s life, work, and  THE AUTHOR. writings. Such notices were published in the issue of April, 1875, p- 731, on “A Private Periodical; ” in May, 1875, p. 743, on “The Periodical with Latin Name;” in September, 1875, p. 793, on ‘“‘ Gleanings in an Unknown Field; in December, 1875, p. 826, on “ Mr. Ruskin’s Message;” in April, 1876, p. 885, on “Gleanings in the Field of Fors ;” in June, 1876, p. 907, on “ The Hermit of Fors ;” and in September, 1876, p. 944, on “The Wars of Mr. Ruskin.” These were all comments on the “Fors Clavigera,” when in course of publication. In December, 1878, p. 262, and in May, 1879, p. 336, two articles appeared in the same periodical, on “The Bibliography of Ruskin,” which was being published at that time, and additions and corrections were made in such articles with reference to the publication of the Bibliography. It would have been quite easy for my clients, from these articles published in their periodical, to have compiled a booklet which would have contained sufficient for their purpose, and which could have been done at considerably less cost than was incurred in the preparation and publication of the booklet. This will show that for many years the whole of your client’s works have been carefully studied by my clients, and that they did not suddenly pounce upon his work without previous consideration, and attempt to make a profit by the publication of the said booklet. The notice of the Bibliography of Ruskin, published in my clients’ periodical in December, 1878, was a review of two works on the “Bibliography of Ruskin,’ by R. H. Shepherd, who was at that time contributor to my clients’ periodical, “‘ Cope’s Tobacco Plant.” On the hearing of the motion my clients will consent to an injunction restraining them from selling, and offering for sale any books or works of the plaintiff, or infringements of his copyright, and especially ‘‘ Cope’s Smokeroom Booklet, No. 13, John Ruskin,” and also from parting with the possession of any of such books or works, but they reserve to themselves the right to use the cover of such booklet, the frontispiece, the title page, and the introductory notice, together with pages 58 and 59 of the said booklet. With reference to damage, I would beg to point out to you that my clients have made no profit by the issue of the booklet. IV.—Harper v. TILLOTSON. This was an action heard in the Bolton County Court, brought by plaintiff, an author and journalist, against the proprietors of the Wheeler, a cycling journal published in Bolton, to recover the value of certain articles and drawings contributed by him from time to time, and not used by the defendants, who denied their liability. In opening the case, Mr. E. H. Cannot, who appeared for the plaintiff, stated that Mr. Harper was invited by the defendants in March, 1892, to contribute to a new cycling journal which they contemplated establishing. The plaintiff was not, except by repute, previously known to the defendants. It was not contended by the plaintiff that the editor of the Wheeler was bound to accept everything sent, but he urged that the editor was bound to give a reasonably prompt attention and considera- tion to the work submitted by him as an invited contributor. Several of his articles and drawings had been used and paid for, but others had been 287 allowed by the defendants to accumulate and lie unpublished for periods ranging from sixteen months to two months, during which time much of their interest was lost. The plaintiff had written repeatedly for a consideration of these items, but had received no replies respecting them. In course of time he, becoming tired of waiting, wrote to the defendants threatening legal pro- ceedings, when the defendants replied to him stating that the articles in question were not ordered, and could not be used. They offered to return them, but the plaintiff declined to receive any of them. He then brought an action (in August last) in the High Court for £56, the value of these items, and of some others that had been published, but the charges for which the defendants disputed. Application was made in due course under Order XIV. before Master Kaye to sign judgment for the whole amount, and the defendants were ordered to pay £26, partly in satisfaction of the items published, and partly on account of certain electrotypes supplied by the plaintiff with the defendants’ consent. The defendants admitted their orders for these electrotypes, and their lability in respect of them. The action for the £30 balance still in dispute was remitted by Master Kaye to be tried in the Bolton County Court. The defendants did not admit their liability for any of this balance, but it was shown that £20 of it was for the articles to which the electrotypes belonged, and that the admitted liability for these electrotypes necessarily carried liability for the articles, of which they formed an integral part. Therefore there remained only £10 as to which there could possibly be any contention, and as to the contri- butions forming this balance, it was proved that they had been in the defendants’ possession for many months, and that they had not exercised their powers of rejection. The defendants wished now to call witnesses as to the custom of the journalistic profession, but his Honour ruled that as the correspondence produced proved these matters to be of contract and arrangement, evidence as to custom was inadmissible. He held that these contributions were sent at the defendants’ request for their acceptance or rejection, such acceptation or refusal to be decided upon within a reasonable time. Mr. William Brimelow, a partner in the defendant firm, had stated in cross-examination that he considered they had a right to retain con- tributions for an indefinite period (even for years) before they decided what they would do with them, but his Honour scouted this plea as ridi- culous. He should give judgment to the plain- tiff. Costs were allowed to the plaintiff on the higher scale.  288 THE FRENCH ACADEMY AND THE LETTER A. N I RENAN informed his countrymen, some e six years ago, that the Académie Fran- caise would be completing its Dictionary in about twelve hundred years from that time. “The real truth is far more cruel,” commented M. Emile Bergerat thereupon: “M. Renan talks of only twelve centuries as being enough for the purpose, in order to keep up our spirits.” There was a sens tronique rather indignantly charged against the author of the “ Vie de Jésus” at the moment, the irony which hinted that the notion of finality in such a work could not prove other- wise than chimerical, and that after twelve more centuries both France and her language might be dead. But M. Renan himself, “our little Chateaubriand, aua pommes,’ as M. Bergerat styled him facetiously, had participated im a fraction of the labours under the first letter of the alphabet. Himself a member of the Forty, he had spoken as a confident des dieux ; and the Immortals would appear to have shaped a rough estimate of the task yet remaining to them by the proportions of the task already accomplished. The Academy entered upon the first letter of the alphabet little less than half a century ago. They have just disposed of that first letter. At their initial weekly session for the month of October last, they triumphantly wound-up A. This onerous undertaking by the Académie Francaise formed the tardy execution of a project originating with Voltaire. It has not infrequently been confounded with the Dictionary proposed or encouraged by Richelieu, writers of popular pas- quinades having no doubt contributed to the error by their willing pictures of an Academy engaged since 1638 upon a Dictionary which still halts at A. The Richelieu lexicon, however, begun by the “‘ docte assemblée”’ four years after its establish- ment in 1634, and four years prior to the Car- dinal’s decease, was compiled from one end to the other within the same century. Issued again in 1718, 1740, 1762, 1813, and 1835, as the Dictionnaire de ]’Académie, the fabric has under- gone revision and extension without cease. Neologisms have never gained admittance into its pages until—this is perhaps the sole fact widely known in connection with the work—debate has explored all credentials and scruples; but the designation borne by the collective volumes has of late years changed to “ Dictionnaire de l’Usage.” It was of the famous Dictionnaire Historique de la Langue Francaise that M. Renan spoke, when placidly allotting to the cyclopedic toil twelve centuries still to come. More sanguine persons have ventured to reduce that forecast by one- THE AUTHOR. half. They hazard the opinion that, not two, but —with diligence—four letters may be not unsafely reckoned as the rate of continuous progress per future century. The Quarante were eventually persuaded to commit themselves to the Dictionnaire Historique by Charles Nodier, the grammarian. Nodier died in 1844, but he had seized upon the opportunity provided by the publication of the Dictionnaire de lUsage, sixth edition, in 1835, to press forward his favourite scheme with renewed vigour. According to the custom observed at the Academy, at least fifteen or twenty years must elapse before the appearance of a further edition. Nodier’s colleagues consented to forego their usual long respite and repose; and the following expressions, under the signature of Villemain, permanent secretary, accompanied their announce- ment of the erudite design: ‘‘Sans confondre Pusage et l’archaisme, sans prétendre renouveler la langue en la vieillissant, on peut en rechercher Vhistoire dans un travail qui, profitant des notions nouvelles acquises 4 la science étymo- logique, marquerait la filiation graduelle, les transformations de chaque terme, et le suivrait dans toutes les nuances d’acception, en les justi- fiant par des exemples empruntés aux diverses époques et a toutes les autorités du langage littéraire. Le premier essai de quelque partie dun tel recueil pourra seul en montrer tout le piquant interét et l’utile nouveauté.” Voltaire had outlined the Dictionnaire Historique as a thesaurus of “natural and incontestable ety- mology, the various meanings and employments of each word, the strength or weakness of the corresponding word in foreign languages, the applications of the word by the best authors, the relations of each word to prose or poetry.” A main principle of the plan which the colleagues of Charles Nodier adopted and bequeathed to their successors, excludes all terms not con- clusively defined. The Dictionnaire de Usage doubtless furnishes the ‘“ conclusiveness ;” but if so—and it cannot be otherwise, for the only words recognised and acknowledged by the Academy are those which they have voted into their successive editions — the Dictionnaire Historique will give no history of anything either non-classical or non-sanctioned by the philological purist. La Commission du Dictionnaire act as the pioneers for both enterprises. At present, MM. Jules Simon, Alexandre Dumas, Gaston Boisser, Gréard, Francois Coppée, and Camille Doucet, the last named the permanent secretary, are the academicians constituting the committee. They hold their meetings regularly every Thursday, and sit from two o’clock until three, the hour for  THE the session of the full Academy; the material for their scrutiny and deliberations having been prepared for them most carefully in advance by the salaried archivist and his subordinates. It would seem that the younger and more sensa- tional undertaking has usurped an undue share cf time and regard. The seventh and latest issue of the Dictionnaire de l’Usage appeared in 1878, and more than a thousand “novelties” have been allowed to accumulate for academical inquisition—are “applicants at the Palais Mazarin,” to quote a phrase from one of the Forty, “for their letters of naturalisation.” The Academy have now decided that, with the letter A at length out of the way, the Thursday conclaves from two to three shall be devoted to the Dictionnaire de l’ Usage alone, the latter’sre-advent in its eighth edition to take precedence of every- thing. A certain weariness, indeed, had latterly hetrayed itself. The committee were a-weary of the letter A; they may have been a-weary with the weariness of Mariana, but for an opposite reason. It was not that he would not come; he would not go. They approached their fellow academi- cians with an appeal. They besought their colleagues to grant them temporary severance from the Dictionnaire Historique. A glance at the quarto volumes, in the two cases, shows that from “ A, substantive,” to “‘ ac- tuellement,’ the contents of the Dictionnaire Historique extend to 779 pages, as compared with 24 in the Dictionnarie de Usage. The word “ Académie”—which the Duc d’ Audiffret-Pas- quier, a member of the learned corporation, insisted upon writing with two ‘“c’s””—demanding but fifty lines in the Dictionnaire de l’Usage, engrosses half-a-score of the double-column pages in the newer work. Bois-Robert’s oft-cited epigram— Depuis dix ans, dessus 1’F on travaille, Et le destin m’aurait fort obligé Sil m’avait dit: “Tu vivras jusqu’au G’— has evidently acquired a robustness of satirical flavour not anticipated by that favourite of the Cardinal. When the Abbé Bois-Robert and his fellow academicians proclaimed themselves in 1634 “ ouvriers en paroles, travaillant 4 l’exalta- tion de la France,” they added that they meant their dictionary to “ serve as a treasury and store- house of simple terms and accepted phrases.” They cherished the hope of extirpating faults of grammar as well as of banishing “ offences against taste.” Their reformers’ ardour led them unfortunately to the rejection of innu- merable idioms. Although the more useful of the excised “phrases and simple terms”’ held their place in the vernacular, and a fair proportion penetrated VOL. Iv. AUTHOR. 289 gradually into subsequent editions of the Aca- demic standard lexicon, the loss of many is undis- puted. A severe orthodoxy had been set up; fashion and favour were the creatures of the “ énurement ;” long the influence reigned, and patent was its effect. Something from the buried residuum the Décadents of our own day have recovered; and the jeune littérature sym- boliste, astonishing by an array of unfamiliar locutions, astonished divers of its hasty censors still more when it referred them to nooks and crannies in the Dictionnaire de |’Usage itself. Adonc, algide —“ qui fait éprouver des sensations de froid”’—aouté, over-ripe, become examples, under A, of old French thus restored—and restored to the current prose and verse of a school mingling in daily journalism, not merely to literary experiments and imitations such as those of Balzac. Similar instances have been the hiémal and icelui dear to the Décadents. The embarrassments besieging the Academy, however, include the dread subject of phonetic spelling. M. Malvezin, at the head of the Moderates in spelling reform, is said to have recruited even amongst the Forty; whilst M. Clédat, of the Lyons Academy, chose for his inaugural address in 1890, and printed afterwards in the Revue de Siecle, an uncompromising denunciation of the system which, in. the Dictionnaire de lUsage as elsewhere, abolishes the “¢” in scavotr, and the “g” in froigde and roigde, but retains the “ d” in poids, and the “g” in doigt. During the past two or three years the Moderates have gaine | ground considerably in France. They comprise MM. Francisque Sarcey, Auguste Vacquerie, H. de Bornier, Lockroy, Scholl, Michel Bréal, Havet, &c., together with masters of the higher schools, and Government education inspectors. On the other side stands the French Academy, offering what names, clothed with what authority ? Beside the half-dozen already mentioned, here are a few from the heterogeneous Forty :—MM. Ferdinand de Lesseps, Pasteur, Emile Ollivier, Léon Say, de Freycinet, Sardou, Meilhac, Halévy, Claretie, Sully-Prudhomme, Pierre Loti, poli- ticians, engineers, a chemist, a financier, a respec- table poet, two first-rate comic dramatists, a playwright who can always fill theatres, a theatrical manager who has written everything, and a naval officer fond of scenery. The Ma!- vezin campaign has up to the present aimed at little beyond the suppression of double conso- nants, and the substitution of “f” for ‘ph.’ The Moderates will be discontented with the letter A in the Dictionnaire Historique because abbé is not spelt abé, because abattre is not spelt abatre, with abatial, abandoner, &c. The Extremists, headed by MM. Paul Passy and AA  290 Fourts, would turn out the word autre altogether, so far, transferring it from the first to the fifteenth letter of the alphabet, as ofre. Not inaptly has this toil of the Académie Francaise been compared to Penelope’s web. Unsparing critics have derived therefrom an argument for the extinction of the society. Barbey @’Aurévilly, however, one of its bitterest adversaries, penned the reflexion that, “toute en décadence quelle soit, the Academy is an institu- tion against which nothing will prevail, because it clings to the very roots of human vanity.” So far as the limits of the letter A have permitted, the Academy have erected a real “treasury and store-house ” of history, proverb, folk-lore, and analogy, as the outcome of its fifty years’ task ; but, with the eighth edition of the Dictionnaire de Usage monopolising at least the next seven or eight years, we shall have crossed the threshold of the twentieth century before the Dictionnaire Historique can make acquaintance with the letter B. H. F. Woop. Des BOOK TALK. HE true nature of the connection between art and letters seems to be one of the most difficult problems of literature. We are reminded of it by the Hon. Mrs. Tollemache’s translation of some of the artistic criticisms of Diderot. The translator calls her work ‘‘ Diderot’s Thoughts on Art and Style,” and has written a preface which adds greatly to the interest of the work, because she has been able to indicate beforehand the chief reasons which have influenced her in her selections. The question whether the art criticism of the 19th century is in any way superior to that of the 18th, is one which the whole tenor of this work thrusts upon us. Time has changed the foremost critics of the 18th cen- tury almost into old masters, but it is as well to note afresh with what criticism it is that the moderns have to compete. The century which produced Reynolds’ “Discourses,” Hogarth’s “ Analysis of Beauty,” and, above all, the work of Winckelmann, is not likely to be considered in after times as in any degree lower than our own, so far as esthetics are concerned. The translator tries to make out a case for the present day by saying that “the moral standard changes, and gradually rises from generation to generation, so that we stand ona higher moral platform than our ancestors of the 18th century.” This seems to us to beg the whole question of artistic pro- gress, whether in performance or. criticism by com- paring it with morals. In the first place we do THE AUTHOR. not know if the remark is to apply to Europe at large, to modern French art and criticism, or to Great Britain and Ireland; and even if we did know to what country to apply it, what settled judgment can there yet be as to the average morality of the century in which we still live. Further, there is Diderot’s own question, How far has the artist a separate morality of his own? It would seem that most writers—e.g., Mr. Poynter's criticism in his “Lectures on Art” of Mr. Ruskin’s views—are agreed that there is some relation between morality and art, though what that relation is remains to be demonstrated. It is not in the choice of subject, for then we should never have had great artists painting “The Massacre of the Innocents,” nor would Michael Angelo have painted a“ Leda.” Nor is it neces- sarily in the person—painter, poet, critic, whatever he may be—for Diderot’s known want of morality, both in his life and writings, does not appear when he is writing his artistic criticisms. Another inte- resting point in this connection is Mrs. Tolle- mache’s quotation from Ste. Beuve, that Diderot was the first great writer of democratic society, for he protests against luxury. An art-critic to-day protesting against luxury is not to be found—for one who would even think it necessary to justify luxury, there would be nine who would assume it to be perfectly moral, from the point of view of art—whatever that may be. If the reader will put aside the disputed points in the relation between art and letters, he will find much else in this volume which is worth knowing and worth thinking about. As a student of Diderot he naturally turns first to read again, «A Lament for my old dressing-gown ”—the best known of all Diderot’s work, though the letter about “ the Blind for the use of those who cannot see” seems to us to be of almost equal value. If we call to mind what Mr. Collier tells us, in his “Manual of Oil Painting,” that the painter of to-day feels bound to study his art in the same methodical scientific spirit with which the physicist deals with physical science, the art- critic will have to follow suit. It is not merely “This likes me more, and this affects me less,” but why this is so. And here Diderot has laid the foundation-stone. Speculation as to the mental condition of the blind formed a great part of the eighteenth century philosophy. It was stimulated, if not started, by Cheselden’s well- known contribution to the Royal Society, record- ing the case of a boy who was blind from birth, and upon whom, at the age of fourteen, he operated (in 1729) with success. Diderot’s letter is dated 1749, so that it would be hardly possible to believe that he had not heard of Cheselden’s case, which was con-  THE AUTHOR. sidered so important. Commenting on the boy’s . af indifference as to whether he would be operated . on or not, Voltaire wrote: “Il vérifiait par cette 4) indifference qw il est impossible U'étre malheureux 1.4 par la privation des biens dont on na pas @idée : » verité bien importante.” Allied to the paper .» on the blind is one equally suggestive on the | deaf and dumb, in which Diderot shows an interesting experimental method of trying to get at their habits of mind. He says: “I often employed another mode of studying gestures =» and actions when I went to the _ theatre. 7 There were many pieces which I knew by heart, ‘.. and I would climb to the gallery, as far as ; possible from the actors, and as soon as the » curtain drew up I put my fingers in my ears, » much to the astonishment of my neighbours, and * | kept them there as long as the gestures and . actions corresponded with the dialogue which I < remembered. When the gestures puzzled me I il ¢ took my fingers from my ears and listened. How ‘1) >} few actors can stand such a test and how i | humiliated they would be if I were to publish »7 9 wy criticisms.” And, generally speaking, we find Diderot devoting his energies to an attempt to arrive at the origin of the perception of the sie J beautiful in man by trying to demonstrate the 4 probable condition of those deprived of any special sense. The translator has also given a rendering of 2 Sainte Beuve’s essay on Diderot, which, together » with her own preface, and a few scattered notes and quotations, makes this small octavo volume » one of great interest; in fact, Mrs. Tollemache | has done more than make good her claim to have »{ puilt a bridge between the English reader and . the French writer. She has chosen her materials « well.—J. W. S. ry The committee of the Special Pension for the a Benefit of Aged and Infirm Correctors of the Press and their Widows has issued a report and balance-sheet, which shows that in two years the members of the committee were able to raise é £600, which had been vested in the Printers’ I Pension, Almshouses, and Orphan Asylum Cor- | poration. The charity has had the support of f many distinguished names in literature and ‘ i i j f journalism, and its success has tempted the com- mittee to issue an appeal for a second pension in favour of those ineligible for the first. We think the appeal would be better received if the com- mittee would state more clearly how it comes “+ about that widows were not included in the first “{ pension, and on what grounds the thirty years qualification in some cases and twenty years in others was arrived at. With regard to the management of the charity, it appears that Mr. VOL. Iv. 291 Joseph Knight, presiding at a dimner held to in- augurate the first readers’ pension, said: ‘‘ The working expenses absorbed less than 1 per cent. of the subscriptions, and therefore 99 per cent. of the amount subscribed had been vested in the corporation to found the pension. Such economy was unique.’ The hon. treasurer is Mr. J. H. Murray, 14, Marquis-road, Stroud Green, N. oc THE AMERICAN AUTHORS’ PROTECTIVE PUBLISHING COMPANY. President, KarHERINE Hopeess; Secretary, E. M. SovuviE.te. Address, 14, The Potomac, Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Il. (ue following is part of a letter from the President of this new company to the Editor of this paper :— Nov. 14, 1893. The heading of this paper will be indication that no time has been lost, after the close of the Exposition, in reducing to practice the plan mentioned to you of forming an authors’ publishing company. This is now an accomplished fact. The company is regu- larly chartered under the laws of Illinois. It has a full paid up capital stock of 150,000 dollars to begin with; the stock divided into ten dollars per share, held at par without deviation. One object in view is to demonstrate the exact cost of book production, showing clearly by this what may in fairness be the share of the author, after an equitable proportion deducted to cover the cost—all the cost involved in manufacture, &c. Gail Hamilton’s book—that which you saw when you were here-—we shall soon reproduce. This is a campaign document, so to speak; the subject-matter of it a complete record of the treatment of which she was made the victim, together with an account (which would follow) of the excessive charges made by the publisher in issuing that book. This procedure is in consonance with our outlined plan of work, of which you may have remarked the expression in the last paragraph of our circular, distributed in our exhibit place in the Woman's Building at the Fair—a copy of which circular you had at that time. Nearly 200,000 saw our exhibit. Legislators and intelligent men and women from all sections, at home and abroad, were led to examine the statement of Grace Greenwood, giving names, time, and place, together with all the circumstances. These things have had a telling effect, and now the Pro tective Publishing Company must do its work in destroying permanently the system of pillage so long done upon writers in this country. A strong light shed upon any wickedness must of neces- sity aid in the obliteration of such iniquity. Nowhere else than here in Chicago—this centre of the great West—could such a light be so well upheld to do its appointed work in this direction. It is lit, and we engage to keep it trimmed and brightly burning, and to keep you fully informed of progress. Herein I have the honour to enclose you five shares of the capital stock, voted to you at a directors’ meeting recently held under the following resolution. Resolved that: ‘‘ For the valuable consideration of the AA 2  292 aid in the inception of the work which necessarily preceded the formation of this company, that the secretary is hereby ordered to issue five shares of its the estestock to Walter Besant as a slight recognition of capital em in which we hold his valued co-operation. On the issue of a journal, an organ of this society, we shall have great pleasure in offering it in exchange for yours, the better to keep the societies in touch on each side of the water. encouragement and eS BALLADE OF MAISTRE FRANCOYS RABELAIS. “‘ Over a jolly chapter of Rabelais.” R. BRuWNING, ‘‘ Garden Fancies.” Come down, old friend; too long you've lain On yon high shelf. You're dusty ? Phew ! Certes, I hear you answer plain, “A judgment for neglect, pardiew es Ne’er fear, you'll always get your due, Tho’ times go not the easy way, When lusty clerics gave the cue ; Eh? Master Francois Rabelais ? Fair abbey gardens of Touraine Long spoil’d, bloom in your page anew ; Old France unrolls her wide champaign For great Gargantua’s jovial crew, Sly Panurge, Pantagruel too, And proud Thelema’s mad array : Their legend—“ What thou Wilt, that Doe ”— Yours, Master Francois Rabelais. And tho’ you seek your shelf again, Happier with dusty tomes than new, Know this: whate’er new lights may reign, You'll find fit company tho’ few. Tho’ prudes with pain your volumes view, Whate’er folk unco’ guid may say, The world will have its laughter through With Master Francois Rabelais. Envoy Doctor, Franciscan, tho’ tis true Bookmen have all, like dogs, their day ; Long lease of life belongs to you, Good Master Francois Rabelais. SHOWELL ROGERS. eo MODERN LITERATURE IN OXFORD. URING Michaelmas Term, 1893, the following public lectures on modern literature were held at the Taylor Institute, in the University of Oxford: The Professor of Poetry continued lecturing on the minor poets of the Elizabethan age by giving one lecture on the subject; the Reader for Slavonic lectured twice on Russian writers ; Mr. Markheim recited, and commented on, scenes from Molitre ; and Dr, Lentzner delivered two lectures on Scan- dinavian literature, Danish and Norwegian. At °0, High-street, a course of six lectures on Lessing’s “ Nathan ” was delivered in German by Dr. Lentzner. THE AUTHOR. NOTES AND NEWS. HE letter published in another column 'y announcing the foundation of an American Authors’ Publishing Company will be received and its progress will be followed with great interest. It is an outcome first of the Chicago Exhibition and secondly of the Literary Conference. Its foundation must be considered as very largely the work of Mrs. Katherine Hodges, the President. She invented and suc- cessfully carried through, a means of making the subject widely known. It was simple, but it required resolution, patience, and perseverance. She engaged a stall or compartment in the Women’s Building of the Chicago Exhibition. She furnished this as a quiet morning-room, where she sat and entertained all comers with a few selected stories concerning the treatment of authors by their publishers—American authors and American publishers, it must be understood. It was much as if we had taken a similar space and conversed all day out of our book, “ Methods of Publishing.’ She had leaflets printed, which she distributed to everybody who called upon her—nearly 200,000 in all. I had one, but I have unfortunately mislaid it. Further, during the week of the Literary and Librarians’ Conference she engaged a room in the building, and held a conference of her own, which was crowded. The Publishing Company must be regarded, [ think, as an outcome of all this activity. The five shares which their directors have presented to me I transfer to the Society. May they prove profit- able! How would such a company succeed in this country ? First of all, the capital seems needlessly creat. I have often discussed the subject. with those who ought to be able to form and to give an opinion: the result has always been a conclusion that, with careful administration, the sum of £15,000 should be ample, and that there are very few publishing houses in London which were originally started with so large a capital. Let us consider how such a company would work. It would adopt, with this Society, some recognised method of publication as a basis—it might be a method to be subsequently modified in the face of facts, though we believe that at the Society we understand by this time all the facts of the case. It would, of course, concede the three first principles of honesty in publishing, viz., (1) the right of audit; (2) the abolition of secret profits ; and (3) an open division of profits whatever system be adopted. Next, in the case of commission books it would  THE AUTHOR. 293 be as active as in the case of the company’s “own” books. Thirdly, it need not begin business by costly premises and armies of clerks, but it must begin fully equipped from the outset, with travellers and managers of experience. Fourthly, it would begin with getting together, which such a company could easily do, a good list of good books. Fifthly, it should aim from the outset at com- manding the respect and the con, fidence of literary men and women. When writers really under- stand that they are going to be treated with the most complete fairness and with a perfect under- standing of what the publishers propose to make for themselves by his books, there can be very little doubt that they will flock in hundreds to such a company. Who would have anything to do with agreements such as those two published in the last number of the Author, when he could get a simple agreement in half a dozen lines according him certain terms which has been recognised as fair? What would become, then, of the ten per cent. royalty on a six shilling book; of the deferred royalty; and of all the various dodges and tricks which are daily attempted ? Sixthly, such a company must be conducted on strictly business principles. That is to say, the company would not pretend to be the patrons of literature, or to exist only for the purpose of advancing the highest form of literature ; it would publish no rubbish on any terms, but it would not publish “ high class” books on losing terms, and the company would never knowingly incur any serious risk; it would exercise its right of buying copyrights if authors wish to sell them; and it would aim, before anything else, at declaring a dividend. Seventhly, the company must always enforce upon its servants the abandonment of “tricks,” especially the tricks of the counting house, and the tricks of the traveller. To establish and to be always jealous of its good name for strictly honourable and open treatment would be the essential for success. Why, then, has not the Society itself long since started such an enterprise ? For two reasons : @) Because the work of the Society is not to adminis- ter literary property, but to defend it; (2) because the literary world has had to be educated in the facts of its own property, and because we are still educating the world; and (3) because, if literary men undertook such a company, and tried to manage it by themselves for themselves, failure would be certain, because literary men are, beyond any doubt, the least fit for business of any class im the world. © The secretary has shown me a letter from a lady, resigning membership of the Society on two grounds, (1) that the Society was of no use to her, and (2) that her works had not been praised in the Author. On the first point one would reply that it is for the good of other people that suc- cessful authors mostly become members; for that, and for the general support of the objects originally proposed by the Society. As to the second reason, one hardly knows what to say. This journal is not a review ; it does not pretend to underteke critical work at all. Yet, from tbe nature of things, those who write in it sometHnes talk of books and their contents. Now we have nearly 1200 members, all of whom write books, or have written them. Some hundreds have written books this last year. If members would suggest any plan by which these books can all be noticed, I should be very pleased indeed to adopt it if possible. For instance, would members prefer to have a running string of books not reviewed, but briefly described—neither praised nor “ slated,” but described—much as the books are described in Longman’s monthly circular? I have some- times thought that such a list might be more useful than the bare list of publications which we issue every month. And, personally, I should be very grateful if readers and members of the Society would advise me to making the Author more helpful in this, as in every other respect. But if members resign on the groun dof not being praised, we must either dissolve the Society or stop this paper—the latter for choice. Another member writes to say that the Society ig no use to him because it cannot find a pub- lisher willing to produce his work. He states also that he cannot belong to a society which does not carry out what it professes. But he should first find out what the Society professes. For instance, it has never professed to find pub- lishers for its members. It can no more do that than it can find a public to appreciate their work. Tt can, and does, keep authors out of bad hands, and it can keep them from signing unfair agree- ments. It can, and does, spread abroad every kind of information concerning literary property. If this ex-member will look into the papers of the Society he may set himself right about its pro- fessions. It is, however, rather disheartening to think that any one could believe anything so utterly and wildly foolish as that the socie'y should undertake to place MSS.—good or bad— for members. Every year there is a certain percentage of members elected, who, as it afterwards appears, enter in the hope of being helped to publishers  292 THE encouragement and aid in the inception of the work which necessarily preceded the formation of this company, that the secretary is hereby ordered to issue five shares of its the este stock to Walter Besant as a slight recognition of capital em in which we hold his valued co-operation. On the issue of a journal, an organ of this society, we shall have great pleasure in offering it in exchange for yours, the better to keep the societies in touch on each side of the water. =e < BALLADE OF MAISTRE FRANCOYS RABELAIS. —= ‘¢ Over a jolly chapter of Rabelais.” R. BRuWNING, ‘‘ Garden Fancies.” Come down, old friend; too long you've lain On yon high shelf. You're dusty ? Phew ! Certes, I hear you answer plain, “ A judgment for neglect, pardiew !” Ne’er fear, you'll always get your due, Tho’ times go not the easy way, When lusty clerics gave the cue ; Eh ? Master Francois Rabelais ? Fair abbey gardens of Touraine Long spoil’d, bloom in your page anew ; Old France unrolls her wide champaign For great Gargantua’s jovial crew, Sly Panurge, Pantagruel too, And proud Thelema’s mad array : Their legend— What thou Wilt, that Doe” — Yours, Master Francois Rabelais. And tho’ you seek your shelf again, Happier with dusty tomes than new, Know this: whate’er new lights may reign, You'll find fit company tho’ few. Tho’ prudes with pain your volumes view, Whate’er folk unco’ guid may say, The world will have its laughter through With Master Francois Rabelais. Envoy Doctor, Franciscan, tho’ tis true Bookmen have all, like dogs, their day ; Long lease of life belongs to you, Good Master Francois Rabelais. SHOWELL ROGERS. po MODERN LITERATURE IN OXFORD. URING Michaelmas Term, 1893, the following public lectures on modern literature were held at the Taylor Institute, in the University of Oxford: The Professor of Poetry continued lecturing on the minor poets of the Elizabethan age by giving one lecture on the subject; the Reader for Slavonic lectured twice on Russian writers ; Mr. Markheim recited, and commented on, scenes from Molitre ; and Dr. Lentzner delivered two lectures on Scan- dinavian literature, Danish and Norwegian. At °0, High-street, a course of six lectures on Lessing’s “ Nathan ” was delivered in German by Dr. Lentzner. AUTHOR. NOTES AND NEWS. HE letter published in another column TP announcing the foundation of an American Authors’ Publishing Company will he received and its progress will be followed with great interest. It is an outcome first of the Chicago Exhibition and secondly of the Literary Conference. Its foundation must be considered as very largely the work of Mrs. Katherine Hodges, the President. She invented and suc- cessfully carried through, a means of making the subject widely known. It was simple, but it required resolution, patience, and perseverance, She engaged a stall or compartment in the Women’s Building of the Chicago Exhibition. She furnished this as a quiet morning-room, where she sat and entertained all comers with a few selected stories concerning the treatment of authors by their publishers—American authors and American publishers, it must be understood. Tt was much as if we had taken a similar space and conversed all day out of our book, “ Methods of Publishing.” She had leaflets printed, which she distributed to everybody who called upon her—nearly 200,000 in all. I had one, but I have unfortunately mislaid it. Further, during the week of the Literary and Librarians’ Conference she engaged a room in the building, and held a conference of her own, which was crowded. The Publishing Company must be regarded, [ think, as an outcome of all this activity. The five shares which their directors have presented to me I transfer to the Society. May they prove profit- able! How would such a company succeed in this country ? First of all, the capital seems needlessly great. I have often discussed the subject with those who ought to be able to form and to give an opinion: the result has always been a conclusion that, with careful administration, the sum of £15,000 should be ample, and that there are very few publishing houses in London which were originally started with so large a capital. Let us consider how such a company would work. It would adopt, with this Society, some recognised method of publication as a basis—it might be a method to be subsequently modified in the face of facts, though we believe that at the Society we understand by this time all the facts of the case. It would, of course, concede the three first principles of honesty in publishing, viz., (1) the right of audit; (2) the abolition of secret profits ; and (3) an open division of profits whatever system be adopted. Next, in the case of commission books it would  THE AUTHOR. be as active as in the case of the company’s “ own” books. Thirdly, it need not begin business by costly premises and armies of clerks, but it must begin fully equipped from the outset, with travellers and managers of experience. Fourthly, it would begin with get ting together, which such a company could easily do, a good list of good books. Fifthly, it should aim from the outset at com- manding the respect and the con fidence of literary men and women. When writers really under- stand that they are going to be treated with the most complete fairness and with a perfect under- standing of what the publishers propose to make for themselves by his books, there can be very little doubt that they will flock in hundreds to such a company. Who would have anything to do with agreements such as those two published in the last number of the Author, when he could get a simple agreement in half a dozen lines according him certain terms which has been recognised as fair? What would become, then, of the ten per cent. royalty on a six shilling book; of the deferred royalty ; and of all the various dodges and tricks which are daily attempted ? Sixthly, such a company must be conducted on strictly business principles. That is to say, the company would not pretend to be the patrons of literature, or to exist only for the purpose of advancing the highest form of literature; it would publish no rubbish on any terms, but it would not publish “ high class” books on losing terms, and the company would never knowingly incur any serious risk; it would exercise its right of buying copyrights if authors wish to sell them; and it would aim, before anything else, at declaring a dividend. Seventhly, the company must always enforce upon its servants the abandonment of “tricks,” especially the tricks of the counting house, and the tricks of the traveller. To establish and to be always jealous of its good name for strictly honourable and open treatment would be the essential for success. Why, then, has not the Society itself long since started such an enterprise ? For two reasons: (1) Because the work of the Society is not to adminis- ter literary property, but to defend it; (2) because the literary world has had to be educated in the facts of its own property, and because we are still educating the world; and (3) because, if literary men undertook such a company, and tried to manage it by themselves for themselves, failure would he certain, because literary men are, beyond any doubt, the least fit for business of any class in the world. | 293 The secretary has shown me a letter from a lady, resigning membership of the Society on two grounds, (1) that the Society was of no use to her, and (2) that her works had not been praised in the Author. On the first poimt one would reply that it is for the good of other people that suc- cessful authors mostly become members; for that, and for the general support of the objects originally proposed by the Society. As to the second reason, one hardly knows what to say. This journal is not a review ; it does not pretend to undertake critical work at all. Yet, from tbe nature of things, those who write in it sometHnes talk of books and their contents. Now we have nearly 1200 members, all of whom write books, or have written them. Some hundreds have written books this last year. If members would suggest any plan by which these books can all be noticed, I should be very pleased indeed to adopt it if possible. For instance, would members prefer to have a running string of books not reviewed, but briefly described—neither praised nor “ slated,” but described—much as the books are described in Longman’s monthly circular? I have some- times thought that such a list might be more useful than the bare list of publications which we issue every month. And, personally, I should be very grateful if readers and members of the Society would advise me to making the Author more helpful in this, as in every other respect. But if members resign on the ground of not being praised, we must either dissolve the Society or stop this paper—the latter for choice. ee Another member writes to say that the Society ig no use to him because it cannot find a pub- lisher willing to produce his work. He states also that he cannot belong to a society which does not carry out what it professes. But he should first find out what the Society professes. For instance, it has never professed to find pub- lishers for its members. It can no more do that than it can find a public to appreciate their work. Tt can, and does, keep authors out of bad hands, and it can keep them from signing unfair agree- ments. It can, and does, spread abroad every kind of information concerning literary property. Tf this ex-member will look into the papers of the Society he may set himself right about its pro- fessions. It is, however, rather disheartening to think that any one could believe anything so utterly and wildly foolish as that the socie'y should undertake to place MSS. good or bad— for members. Hvery year there is a certain percentage of members elected, who, as it afterwards appears, enter in the hope of being helped to publishers  294 and a public. One would refuse them admission if they would let us know their motives and their hopes at the outset. What can be done for these writers? About forty retire from the Society every year, either by resignation or by ceasing to pay their annual subscription. Most of the forty seem to belong to this mistaken class. Now there is no royal road to literary success. It is an elementary thing to say, but it has to be said over and over again. Neither a society, nor an agent, nor private influence can make a writer popular, or can induce a publisher to produce him unless he thinks he will acquire some kind of popularity and demand. If by chance anyone who is thinking of joining the Society for this reason should read these lines, let him instead call upon the Secretary and talk over the situation with him. It will save him a guinea for certain, and a disappointment in all probability. Ss I would also remind readers, with a view to the new year, that we invite contributions on subjects connected with any of the various branches and aspects of literature, but on no other subject whatever. There is a club of the roughest lads in London — riverside lads— who live, and will always live, by odd jobs; who have nothing but their hands; who have never learned any trade. This club is held in the evening; the lads amuse themselves with boxing gloves, bagatelle boards, and a small library. The club is under the superintendence of a young lady, who visits the place nearly every night. Concerning this club she wrote the other day, “I wish we could get another set of ’s novels. They are worn to rags with constant reading. They are by far the greatest favourites with the boys.” If this were a weekly journal, one might offer a prize for the first person who guessed the name. Here, you see, is the problem. Quite rough lads; who loaf all day long in search of odd jobs by the riverside; who have been caught and brought in here and persuaded to read; at first against their will; lads wholly ignorant of style, of the world, of history, of everything. Given these conditions, find an answer to this question. Among living novelists, who is the most likely to catch their fancy? I cannot offer you a prize for guessing, but I will give the answer. The favourite writer of these lads is Edna Lyall. I remember a certain review of Richard Jefferies, published in a certain leading literary journal, in which the remark was made that before long his name would disap ear and his works would be fr- THE AUTHOR. gotten. ‘There would be no documents,” said — the prophetic reviewer. This was five or six yearsago. It was a most unfortunate prediction. For the work of this author spreads wider every year, and sinks deeper and deeper into the heart of the English speaking race. Of the unbounded admiration for this man, of the absolute respect for his work, which has inspired me from the time when his real work first began, I have never felt ashamed. Nor have I ever felt inclined to lower the note of that admiration, or to soften the deep colours of that respect. Therefore I welcome the new Study of Richard Jefferies, by Mr. H. S. Salt. It is a little book, but full of enthusiasm for the subject, critical rather than biographical, and worthy of the subject. This must be owned by everybody, whether they agree with Mr. Salt’s views or not. The death of Professor Tyndall removes one of the earliest friends of the Society, and one of its staunchest friends. At the outset he accepted the post of Vice-President. It will be remem- bered that we began with a President, Vice- Presidents, Fellows, and Associates. The Vice- Presidents have been dropped, and the Fellows have become Members. Professor Tyndall, how- ever, was one of our Vice-Presidents. And, as the office has never been formally abolished, he remained a Vice-President to the end. One of the last letters—probably the very last letter— that he ever wrote, was written to Mr. Colles, of the Author’s Syndicate. It was dated Dec. 3, 1893, and posted on the same day at Haslemere. The envelope shows the date. But there was some delay with the letter, as the Shotter Mill post mark is dated Dec. 5, and it was not delivered till Dec. 6, two days after the writer’s death. It was in reference to a poet of the humbler kind to whom he was desirous of doing a great kindness. The following is a portion of the letter :-— Dear Mr. Colles,—I have been shamefully entreated— lifted on the wings of hope and then let fall like a simple gravitating mass without a pinion. When I reached England from Switzerland six weeks ago my prospects were fair. Three days after my return they became clouded. I was smitten with an attack in the chest, which drove me to my bed, whence I am hardly yet able to rise. This is why I have not acknowledged your friendly note informing me of the kindness of in undertaking to look over the poems of Will you thank him on my behalf? Yours very faithfully, JoHN TYNDALL. There was a postscript containing another message of kindness and friendship. The society has plenty of enemies—especially of the baser sort. So long as it attracts and preserves the goodwill and friendship and support of such men as Tyndall it will continue to grow in strength.  THE AUTHOR. Another new monthly mazagine. This time from Dublin. It is called The Old Country. It appears to be written by Irishmen and Irish- women, but not only for their own country people. It is a shilling in price, and, among other things, it contains a poem by Professor Dowden, and two hitherto unpublished poems by Byron and Tom Moore. Some time ago I was considering the treatment of authors by the venerable Handmaid of the Church, the §.P.0.K. I mentioned on what was certainly the highest authority possible, the treatment by the Society of that exquisite writer, the author of “ Jackanapes.” I was told, however, that my information was not exact, and therefore I said no more upon the subject. I have now, however, in my hands, placed there by the clergy- man for whom—not to whom—it was written, a l-tter from Mrs. Ewing herself, in which she puts the facts exactly. She says that up to the moment. of writing (May 13,1889) there had been 30,000 copies of “ Jackanapes”’ disposed of. She states also that the Society paid her 5jd.a copy for every edition of 10,000 copies, and 53d. a copy for smaller numbers; out of this the author paid for the production, and the artist’s royalty. It was a shilling book—price 9d. to buyers. This is how, in the hands of the “ Literary Handmaid of the Church,” the publisher is related to the author : this is what the Bench of Bishops who are the vice-presidents of the Society think honourable and religious treatment of an author. Observe that merely mundane and secular pub- lishers have never claimed more than half the profits. Here is the table: Publisher pays author 5}d. receives gd.—profit 32d. Author receives 5$d., pays printer 3d. > artist, 1d. », herself, 13d. The publishers actually took three times the sum received by the author. On 30,000 copies the account would stand thus : x 8, d. Publishers’ profit......... ee 468 15 Oo Author’s is 6 5 Artist’s s s - 125.0. 6 Happy country! Happy Church! Where the purest religion is thus brought into the ordinary details of everyday life! We must prosper—we must—with such a Handmaid to the Church! A correspondent says: “I like the S.P.C.K. I like them to take the money of their publishing business because they devote it to good works.” T hope that we all like good works—though some 295 divines hold them to be as filthy rags. At the same time, there is a just and there is an unjust way. The way which sweats an author is unjust, whether the proceeds of the sweating go to colonial bishops or not. If my correspondent pleases she can give from the just and righteous proceeds of her book (if she can get hold of them) what she pleases to the society. But the society has no right to take from her what they please in order to endow colonial bishoprics. Water Besant. => ec FEUILLETON. Tue Epiror. Beinc CHaprerR XXXV. OF A HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED Work oN NatTuRAL History. \ \ TE now come to deal with the common editor (Editor vulgaris), a creature of the greatest interest to naturalists, and whose characteristics have attracted much atten- tion of late. And at this point I feel that an explanation is due to my readers. The descrip- tions of the habits and natures of those animals which occupied the previous chapters were, in every case, the fruit of my personal observations. But habitual candour impels me to confess that, in spite of many attempts, I have never myself seen an editor, although my efforts to do so have given me an ample acquaintance with his haunts, and some knowledge of his habits. Other natu- ralists, however, have been more fortunate, and many of them, writing under such signatures as “ Rising Novelist,” ‘‘ Young Author,” and the like, have communicated the results of their observations to this and other journals. There is considerable unanimity in their accounts as to the chief points of interest about him, and by comparing the results of their investigations we shall obtain a fairly accurate idea of this creature. The common editor is chiefly remarkable for the mixture of ferocity and cunning which he displays. He lives in a remote cave, or cell, situated in almost inaccessible places, and ex- tremely difficult to find. The approach to his lair is commonly invested with swarms of the Office-Boy Hornet (see Chapter LXIL.), which do all in their power to prevent the intrusion of a stranger. Strychnine, done up in the form cf chocolate drops, is probably the best means of destroying these. But even when they have been overcome, the zoologist is not unlikely to find the lair deserted; for it is a habit of the editor to roam forth in search of food, which he does at frequent intervals. Those scientists who have made a determined effort to capture an  296 editor, declare that they have approached his den at all times, from eleven in the morning to late in the afternoon, and that they have been in- formed on each occasion that their prey has “just stepped out to luncheon,” and is not expected to return for several hours. Another well-marked trait in the creature’s character, and one upon which all writers are agreed, is his passion for unused postage stamps, which he obtains from innocent contributors in enormous quantities. Hence a learned Professor has conjectured that it is the habit of the editor to le concealed in his den until such time as he has accumulated sufficient stamps to secure him a meal, and that he then sallies forth to spend these, after which he again rests in hiding until another supply of stamps has been obtained. When in his den, his favourite employment is tearing up manuscript, with the exception of a few especially worthless articles, which latter he uses for filling his paper. Tt is also a well-known fact that he puts all the poems he receives into a hat, and draws out one or two at random for use from time to time; the rest he destroys. A further point observed by many zoologists is the editor’s fondness for cliques; they do not explain very clearly what these are, or how they are formed, but their existence is denounced by almost every writer on editors. Some facts concerning them will be found in a later chapter. It is sufficient to say here that they are represented as herds of selfish and incompetent monsters, whose only aim is to prevent any recognition being given to true genius. The next point for us to consider is how editors may best be tamed. Many American authorities recommend the pistol or the horsewhip for this purpose, but this system is not commonly em- ployed here. It is far better to use moral suasion. Thus, if you wish to break in the editor of a comic paper, it isa good plan to send him two articles daily for a month, on such subjects as ‘ Speculations on the Relativity of the Absolute.” By the end of the month, you will probably find that his spirit is quite broken, and his docility will be remarkable. Of course, if you wish to subjugate an editor of a serious review, you should administer frequent doses of comic verse. The writing should be as bad as possible, and the effect will be increased by frequent letters inquir- ing why your contribution has not yet appeared. If the editor is young and restive, the first effect of this treatment will be to make him foam at the mouth, but by steadily persisting with it you will soon reduce him to a condition of calm despair, when you will be able to do what you like with him. It is also necessary to overcome the natural timidity and solitary habits of the THE AUTHOR. animal; this is best done by frequent intrusion into his den at the busiest time of the day; you should then talk kindly to him, and insist on explaining for an hour or so the unique merit of your latest article. It is not wholly inexpedient to carry a revolver in your pocket when applying this treatment. But even when the editor has been made docile and tractable by this method, the editor tamer cannot be too careful to watch the creature’s movements, for his temper will always be uncer- tain. Should he show signs of anger, you should offer him a few postage stamps, which will generally restore him to good temper. But editors cannot be recommended as home pets; even when they are apparently tame, and will eat stamps out of your hand, they are just as likely as not to bite you fiercely, and suddenly to refuse to accept your contributions. I have often been asked whether it would not be possible to make a fair income by regularly training and bringing up young editors, and teaching them in their youth to accept whatever you send them. The question is an interesting one, and readers will find an excursus on “Can editors be made profitable?” at the end of this volume. It may be pointed out, in conclusion, that our investigations into the habits of the editor are by no means complete. So little was known of them until a recent date, that a German professor classed them, together with griffins, sea serpents, and Lords of the Admiralty, as entirely mythical creatures. And those philanthropic and intel- ligent persons who are in the habit of sending to the papers their opinions about editors who have rejected their articles, and who in so doing draw for us vivid pictures of the habits of these animals, are undoubtedly adding to the sum of human knowledge, and on that account, if on no other, are deserving of our gratitude. A.C. D. MR. ANDREW LANG ~. THE SOCIETY AND ANOTHER. R. ANDREW LANG devotes half a dozen pages to the attack of the Society or of myself, both together or separately. It is in Longman’s Magazine for December —not the first time that he has used this magazine for the purpose. One laments the curious animosity which he has introduced into the subject—one on which opinions ought surely to be expressed without anger. Without any personal feeling in the matter, however, let me once more state my position. 1. I say that the author is wholly dependent on the publisher. :  a tq 2 ( si 1 THE AUTHOR. Iam quite prepared to take upon myself the burden of proving this proposition—if it wants. proof. I would, however, point out that it is the view taken already by the committee of the Society, if the adoption and publication of a book means anything. In the ‘“ Methods of Publishing,” not written by me, the following is one of the general conclusions arrived at after discussing a great many agreements in the secretary's hands. “Under every method the author is placed in an unfair position—a position where he can be treated with impunity—especially with regard to advertisements, author’s corrections, and sale of remainder stock. In every manner the author is made to feel that his rights of property are theoretical, and that his claim to pecuniary return of his work is a monstrous exaction to be resisted in every direction.” It is difficult to put the helpless position of the author more strongly, espevially when we remember that it is impossible or almost impos- sible to publish without a publisher. Ruskin created a publisher for himself. But there are few Ruskins. However, I will prove by the simplest and most elementary algebra this simple thesis: The author is wholly dependent on the publisher. If x varies as y; and y varies as z; therefore x varies as z. Because 2 varies as y, therefore a = ay; because y varies as z, therefore y = bz, but, since x y ] <2 6 be. Translating into words. The author depends upon the publisher and the publisher depends upon the public. Therefore the author depends upon the public. But if—as has constantly hap- pened—the factor 6 is carefully concealed by y the publisher from a the author, then no equa- tion can be established between author and public, and the author does not depend upon the public. Or if the factor a be itself a variable and un- certain quantity dependent on the caprice, the generosity, the meanness, the temper of the publisher, then no equation can be established between author and publisher, and the former is absolutely at the mercy of the latter, subject to any competition which may mitigate the lot. This statement of the case seems to me elemen- tary initssimplicity. We have done a great deal to ascertain the meaning of the factor 6; we have next to arrive at a satisfactory value for a, When both a and 6b are ascertained and known, then, and not till then, the author will be dependent on the public. For the author to be dependent on the public it is necessary that the former should know exactly VOL. Iv. 297 and wholly the meaning of the relations between the publisher and the public, and be able to make arrangements with the former based upon that knowledge. 2. Mr. Lang is indignant because I say that I am ashamed to hawk my wares. He says he knows many authors who are not ashamed. Well—but still I am ashamed. My agent does my business for me, and so relieves me of the necessity of exposing myself to this pain. Ought I to be ashamed of bemg ashamed ? 3. He next “goes”? for my statement that in signing a royalty agreement authors have hitherto done so “blindly.” Yet he does not deny that it has been in blindness. He then talks down a whole page about the selling of books by authors, as if the min ques- tion, or the question at all, was one of getting more. And he ignores the real truth, that the whole aim of the Society has from the outset been, not to “get more’ for authors— more or less is not the point—but to get for them common justice (which they seldom could get for themselves), common honesty (this covered a very limited area), and independence. We have done a good deal towards extending the area on which honesty could be found. We have gone a good way towards getting some show of justice, and we are still preparing the way, and educating ourselves, to the acquisition of independence. Getting more! To represent the Society as exist- ing for the purpose of enabling authors to get more—that is what we always come to when the Society is attacked, or, for that matter, when I am, What we do want is the independence of litera- ture. To secure that we must obtain the recogni- tion and adoption of certain methods—or one method—of publishing by all persons, z.e., all worthy persons concerned. We must abolish at once and for ever every kind and form of secret profits ; we must have everything open and above board; we must have light turned upon dark places, kept dark designedly. We want to be dependent upon the public alone. In order to achieve this result, we must ascertain exactly what is meant by that factor “db” in the algebraical illustration above. 4. Mr. Lang then quotes the plan which I ventured to advance for consideration and argu- ment. He says he doesn’t understand it. Very well. We can pass on to someone who does. Certainly it is not necessary to argue with anyone who says that he does not understand what is advanced. 5. Mr. Lang, I believe, prophesied that no good would come of the Congress of Chicago. He now refuses to see that any good has come of it. Of BB  298 course. He reminds me of another prophet who prophesied that an earthquake would take place in Egypt at the Transit of Venus. He was so sure of it that he lamented loudly his inability to go to Cairo on purpose to enjoy it on the spot. After the Transit I met him and inquired after the earthquake. “It was felt,” he said; ‘ A friend of mine felt it in bed. The other fellows there, pretended men of science, refused to believe it. But it came—it came—just as I had prophesied it.” But we are talking, very likely, of different things. My idea of success or failure may not be another person’s. The Literary Conference in Chicago resulted in this: Many hundreds—or thousands—of persons had presented to them, for the first time, papers bearing on a great many most im- portant subjects connected with literature. These papers were, to these people, of the greatest educational value. They were written by persons for the most part thoroughly com- petent. The contributions from our own side: our Chairman’s paper on Publishing, Sir Henry Bergne’s on the Berne Conference; Mr. Sprigge’s on Domestic Copyright and Lord Monkswell’s Act; Mr. Traill’s on the Relation of Literature and Journalism; Mr. Henry Arthur Jones’ on the Drama; and, if I may add it, my own paper on the Society of Authors, contained work that commanded a hearing. The papers contributed by the American authors — who were chiefly the representatives of the New York committee—together with certain writers of the west, were upon subjects less legal than our own contributions. The people separated with a clearer understanding of what is true criticism ; of what is meant by literary style and art; and of literary standards. They also sepa- rated with some understanding of literary pro- perty. As an immediate outcome, the literary men of the west have founded an Authors’ Society, and have asked for our papers as a help to themselves. They have also founded, as will be seen in another column, an Authors’ Publish- ing Company with a fully paid-up capital of £30,000. Anyone may call these results a proof of failure. Anyone is at lberty to say so. Let me, however, be allowed the equal liberty of stating, humbly, my opinion that these results mean success. Lastly, Mr. Lang knows nothing about the “bending back.” Very well. To my mind lite- rary history is full of the bending back. I had before me the other day a bundle of letters written by a man of letters of very considerable name early in this century. They were all begging letters—letters written in a spirit’ of THE AUTHOR. abject mendicancy. They were humiliating to the last degree. And there are writers—Heavens ! there are hundreds—at the present day whose necessities constrain them to beg and to borrow. What about those advances that publishers are always making to authors? What about the books paid for before written ? What about work — pledged for years before? Is this the indepen. dence of authors? Can it be a dignified, self- respectful, pleasant thing to have to ask for those advances? Is it an unfair way of describing such requests—the way of the bending back ? In speaking about these subjects I boldly venture to claim a much greater authority than most writers can possibly exercise, because I am using the special and unique experience acquired by five years’ work as chairman of the Society of Authors. During this long period it is not too much to say that I have learned the mode of conducting business pursued by every pub- lishing house in London. Where there are tricks I have learned—well—most of those tricks. T have learned every method of publication, honest or dishonest, fair or tricky, open or crafty. I could name the firms and societies which are sweaters; I know the houses which practise the secret profit dodge; I know in many cases —and a very curious thing it is to know— the habitual tyranny of the man with the bag, and the forced acquiescence of the man without a bag. Ihave learned, in fact, a thousand things connected with the craft of literature which no one, except the secretary of oursociety and myself, could also learn. They are things secret and confiden- tial. But the general deductions to be made from them are not secret, and anything that I have written out of my most exceptional experience is literally and exactly true, e.g., that the author is absolutely dependent on the publisher ; that too often he has to assume an attitude of submission and pretended respect; that the constant fight we have to maintain is not to get more—more—more —but to get an approximation to what in any other kind of work would be called just and fair, and this fight is irritating and even degrading. I say that these things are literally and exactly true—and I repeat it after such an experience of what I am talking about as only three other men in the whole world can ever have obtained—lI refer to the secretaries of the Society past and present. I. think this is about all that need be said, though of course we can repeat, month by month, if necessary. If anyone likes to gibe at endeavours made by men, at least disinterested, — to raise the profession or calling of literature into independence, he has, I suppose, a perfect right to do so. We may be very sorry that he  THE AUTHOR. does so, and very much disappointed at losing one who should be our advocate. However, it is very certain that in dog so he may rest assured of a welcome in a good many maga- zines, One had, at the very outset, to reckon upon attack and misrepresentation of all kinds and from all quarters. Independence cannot be conquered in a day, and the baser sort were not going to give up their secret profits without a struggle. Let us remember that on our side stand Scott, Dickens, Thackeray, George Eliot, Tennyson, Wilkie Collins, Charles Reade—every single man and woman who can be said to have created literary property—these are with us. On the other who are there? I can see in the mist and fog of that side certain faces for the most part masqued. One need not ask their motives ; and I see behind these again, clear and distinct, figures of those who go about patting them on the back, encouraging, whispering “Go on! Go on! Keep it up about ‘filthy lucre!’ Rub it in about getting more! Don’t ever leave off saying ‘Sordid! Base! Mean! Ignoble!’” The latter are the disinterested spirits who want the old conditions preserved for their own profit. W. Bz nS MILITARY “NOMS DE PLUME.” S an article writer on technical and other subjects, I venture to address the readers of this paper on the above subject. Presumably then, all writers who are employed on work of which they are not ashamed would prefer to see their names in print. We who, however, are serving in the Army and Navy, and who, in the interests of our profession, contribute to military journalism (which by the way is by no means a lucrative employment by reason pro- bably of the small circulation of “ service ” magazines or journals), have frequently to suffer by implication for writing of the “faith that is in us.” Par exemple, the writer contributed (by request) an account to a “biggish” paper of certain manceuvres of volunteers at which, in a military capacity, he was present, and, though having no connection of any sort with the corre- spondent of the “ leading journal,” and not even cognisant of his identity, your present correspon- dent’s account tallied very exactly from a general point of view with that of the greater critic. Now, as no names were mentioned in the writer’s true and accurate account of what he saw and condemned, and as no personal abuse was indulged in, but the faults merely of a system and of the mass of volunteers condemned in 299 moderate terms, it seems a gross stretch of autho- rity for a member of the Government to describe publicly in generic terms our reports as those of irresponsible critics. The officer who writes under a nom de plume on such occasions does so because it is highly inconvenient to be continually confronted by members of his own brigade or battalion with questions on his reasons for this or that description of what occurred at a time when an important body of men was put on its trial, and when the trained eye sees what is invisible to the amateur—or at least unappre- ciated. In the case of the writer, to have published his name would have been to practically sit in judg- ment on officers of superior rank, who, whether volunteers or regulars, did not know their work, as such publicity must at once fix the personality of those who erred, an ungracious and displeasing task, whereas to describe in detail in unsigned articles the daily course of events without attach- ing names of people or titles of brigades is to teach the desired lesson without ruffling the feathers of any one particular person. I may add that the editor who employed me to write in my leisure hours the account in question had a considerable knowledge and experience of my capacity or incapacity for the task. The only thanks I and others received, however, was to be described by the Comwmander-in-Chief as “ cap- tious critics’? because we spoke the truth, and by the Secretary of State for War as “ irresponsible critics.’ Unquestionably, then, had our names transpired, we might bid adieu to all hopes of further professional advancement. I may add that, after publication, IT sent my articles privately to certain officers of the force attacked (?) for perusal, who indorsed every word. of the said contribution. Again, one volunteer officer, who can sign his name to almost anything he likes and fear no pecuniary or other damage, taunts the mili- tary critics on these occasions with their anony- mity. Reverting to legitimate criticism, so hardly and unfairly dealt with by the ‘ powers that be,” what is the opinion of your readers as to the fate awaiting the officer who shall dare to put in print a signed article at all critical of the force of volunteers, which for the moment it is the fashion to applaud, though we do not deny that terms of severe criticism do not apply to any but that refuse which corrupts a wholesome movement ? Tt cannot be denied that there are many sub- jects on which it is inadvisable for officers on full pay to write, and others which under the Official Secrets Act are penally proscribed. This, how- ever, has and can have nothing to do with fair and  300 candid criticism of what passed under the very eyes of, an officer supposed in virtue of his appointment to be a competent person to describe such events as “ Volunteer Manceuvres.” So much do honest critics take such strictures to heart as dealt out by the great personages above-mentioned, that it would be well if some assurance could be given that our course of action is or is not reprehensible. “Ts thy servant a liar” that he cannot report faithfully those simple but ul-performed evolu- tions, which on certain days he saw in proprid persona ? Or is it that some objective unseen by us induces the highest authorities to play the game of brag with regard to that incohesive and untrained force, which with the slightest possible smattering of military lore affects to hold its own inthe practice of what may be called (in the sense of the numbers engaged) “ grand tactics”? Prac- tically, the Commander-in-Chief lays it down that volunteers are beyond criticism, and, further, that officers of the army are not to comment on them—one is apt to say then, cuz bono the volun- teers P Is it likely that a big paper, or for the matter of that, any reputable journal, will ask for any but expert opinion on matters military, and if some three or more papers of repute tally in the general features of their separate accounts, is it possible to justify the action of those who, shutting their eyes to the hard fact, uphold the pleasant fiction by a sweeping condemnation of certain honest men who tried to “see straight” and to speak the truth As a military journalist, the writer awaits some more definite instructions in the shape of Queen’s Regulations on the sub- ject, and remains until further notice under the disguise of a Nom DE PLUME. ee ee “AT THE SIGN OF THE AUTHOR'S HEAD.” N a publisher’s list of new books is found the following note : ‘The publisher can arrange for purchasers to see these works at the nearest bookseller’s on receipt of address.” This is, we venture to think, a new departure, which, if adopted by every publisher, would certainly benefit the bookseller, add something to the convenience of the purchaser, and in the long run would not injure the_publisher. Mr. Marcus Rickards, the author of ‘ Creation’s Hope,” and “Songs of Universal Life,” has written a new volume of poems, called “ Lyrics and Elegiacs.” Of the sixty-three poems con- tained in this book we should especially pick out for praise, one “ On a Packet of Old Letters,” and THE AUTHOR. another ‘“‘ The Somnambulist,” but both are too long for quotation. There is, however, one short lyric which is fairly typical of Mr. Rickards’ work, which we give: Sou, BrEAurTy. Grace Incarnate, Glory’s Heir, Born of one divinely fair, Cradled mid the gloom and strife Of this dark tumultuous life. Waxing while all else is waning, Militant till brightly reigning. Glow of mind and flame of Heart, Splendour to the face impart ; Mocking light and shadows play Of the evening stars pure ray. Bid it flash in lightning glances, Quiver as a sunbeam dances. Form will vanish, colour fade, Time and grief mar youth and maid. Fairer gleams the beauteous soul, As she nears life’s dusky goal. Thro’ earth’s tale and nature’s story, Ripened for supernal glory. The Christmas uumber of the Briar Rose, edited by Miss M. A. Woods, has appeared. As the organ of the Rose Club, a literary society for women, it is pleasing to note the high standard which the editor demands from the con- tributors. The chief papers are one on “ Beauty,” and one on the symbolism of the “ Divina Commedia,” together with a true story and other matters. Southward Ho!—a Sussex monthly of fact, fiction, and verse, contains this month the beginning of a story by Mr. Stanley Little. There is a short but very interesting contribu- tion on the ‘‘ Vocabulary of Hodge,” with a list of words, and other papers mostly suited to the Christmas season. Mr. Mackenzie Bell has brought out a small volume of verse, entitled “ Spring’s Immortality, and other Poems,” consisting of reprints and additions (Ward, Lock, and Bowden). The following stanzas from a lyric, entitled “In Elf- ington Copse,” show that Mr. Bellis in good company in his attitude toward Nature; it reminds us of Wordsworth’s “ Lines written to Harly Spring,” and “The Tables Turned.” This evening every wild flower here More deeply stirs my heart Than alien flowers or prodigies Of man’s botanic art. This sweetbriar bough, that meekly pours Its perfume on the air, I would not give for any flower The gardener deems most fair. I leave the rich their bowers of art, Wreathed with the rarest flowers; Enough for me these woodland ways In Summer’s twilight hours.  THE AUTHOR. Mr. Grant Allen has written a story for the “Breezy Library,” called ‘An Army Doctor's Romance.” It is very slight, and very much “ yp-to-date,” the army doctor being engaged in the bush with Lobengula. The “ Breezy Library”’ prides itself on being a series of “ shilling soothers,’ the object being to dissociate the shilling from the “shocker,” The story, as would be expected from Mr. Grant Allen, is interesting, but we fail to see that it is in any sense soothing, especially as Mr. Grant Allen writes of the Matabele thus :—“It is not often that the Matabele in particular take any man prisoner; the playful habit of those warlike savages is rather to spear the wounded on the battlefield with their deadly stabbing assegais, and to massacre whomsoever they capture in cold lood at the end of an engagement.” Mr. Henry Baildon, in a prefatory note to his new book, “The Rescue, and other Poems” (T. Fisher Unwin), tells us that in former days he composed rival verse rendermgs of Ovid with Mr. R. L. Stevenson, which gives an additional interest to his poem, “The Gods of Old’’—of which we give a few verses—for Mr. Baildon is still faith- ful to the classic deities. They are not dead, those gods of old; They still uptower with mien sublime, In calm majestically cold, Above the tossing waves of Time. And still the Lordly Spirit brings Meet off’rings to imperial Jove— The king of gods, and god of kings— As erst in old Dodonian Grove. Still queenly Juno holds supreme The homage of the matron race, And scorns from out her stately dream The virgin saints that seek her place. Still free of heart and fleet of limb, The maid her vows to Dian keeps ; Her soul hath visions brightly dim As mist that in the moonlight sleeps. Still Venus wears her ancient smile, As young as Morn, as old as Eve, Who did the olden gods beguile, Doth still the modern man deceive. . Miss J. Heale has written a novel called ‘Markham Howard” (T. Fisher Unwin). As this is the author’s first attempt in fiction, it is pleasant to be able to congratulate her on a work which has originality in its plot and at least one original character—that of a lazy, disreputable German, who, having married an Englishwoman, endeavours to live on her property, and does not succeed. The author seems to have a good deal of knowledge of the musical profession, in which the hero makes his fame asa composer. Another time we hope the author will (for the sake of her readers) make the girls in her story talk a 301 little more, otherwise we have to take their characters so much on trust. It is a pity this work should have been printed on paper of an unpleasant yellowish colour. A new novel by Miss Peard, called ‘‘ An Inter- loper,” will form one of the serials in Temple Bar for 1894. Miss Peard has recently published ‘‘ The Swing of the Pendulum.” 2 vols. Bentley and Sons. “A Fair Claimant,” by Frances Armstrong, has recently been published by Messrs. Blackie ; and ‘Old Caleb’s Will,’ a temperance story, issued by Messrs. Jarrold, is by the same author. Messrs. Chatto and Windus have purchased all book rights of Headon Hill’s ‘Clues from the Note-book of Zjambra the Detective,’ which recently appeared as a serial in the Million. A serial story of Indian life by the same author, entitled ‘‘'The Rajah’s Second Wife,” commences in the British Weekly with the new year. Mr. Stanley Weyman is the author of the leading serial for the Monthly Packet during 1894. The title is “My Lady Rotha,” and the story deals with the period of the Thirty Years’ War. Thisis Mr. Weyman’s principal work for the year, though minor contributions from his pen will appear elsewhere. The Rev. J. Hamlyn Hill’s translation of “Tatian’s Diatessaron” has now been published by Messrs. T. and T. Clark, of Edinburgh. Price 10s. 6d. The following is a copy of the upper part of the title-page: The Earliest Life of Christ ever compiled from the Four Gospels, being The Diatessaron of Tatian (cire. A.D. 160), Literally translated from the Arabic Version, and containing the Four Gospels woven into one Story. With an Historical and Critical Introduction by the Rev. J. Hamlyn Hill, B.D. (formerly Senior Scholar of St. Catherine’s College, Cambridge. Author of an English version of ‘“ Marcion’s Gospel”). A meeting of leading European journalists was held last week at Antwerp, at which a committee was appointed to carry out the proposed Inter- national Conference to be held in that city in the summer of next year. The British Press was represented by three London journalists, and five Englishmen were elected members of the com- mittee—namely, Mr. P. W. Clayden, editor of the Daily News, president of the Institute of Journalists; Sir Hugh Gilzean Reid, F.J.1., of the North-Eastern Daily Gazette; and Mr. H. 8. Cornish, secretary of the Institute of Journalists ;  304 would go tothem! The reasons why a writer who has made some name should employ an agent, were set forth in the last number of the Author. —Ep. | —— TV.—Cuaries Lams on PUBLISHERS. Those who are not familiar with his corre- spondence may be interested to learn that even the “ gentle Elia” gave no quarter to the natural enemies of authors. This is how he writes of them to his friend Barton :— “Those fellows hate us. The reason I take to be, that, contrary to other trades in which the master gets all the credit—a jeweller or silver- smith, for instance—and the journeyman, who really does the fine work, is in the background, in our work the world gives all the credit to us, whom they consider as their journeymen, and there- fore do they hate us and cheat us, and oppress us, and would wring the blood of us out to put another sixpence in their mechanic pouches! I contend that a bookseller has a relative honesty towards authors, not like his honesty to the rest of the world. Baldwin, who first engaged me as ‘ Elia,’ has not paid me up yet—nor any of us without repeated mortifying appeals—yet has the knave fawned when I was of service to him! YetI daresay the fellow is punctual in settling his milk score, &¢.” Your obedient servant, TEMPLAR. V.— <A Prea ror THE SMALL BooKsELLER.” Mr. Cresswell remarks, ‘‘ Half a century since the country bookseller did a quiet, profitable trade.” Very likely, but have we been stand- ing still since then? Was there a circulating library to be found in pretty nearly every small country shop as there is now? Were there the same facilities by railway and post for exchanging the volumes? The ordinary middle-class house- holder is not going to buy his novels if he can hire them. Possibly, after he has read them, and they have pleased his fancy, and not shocked his taste, he will purchase them at some shop or store where he can obtain the 3d. discount we all seek so eagerly. Thus, by slow, very slow, degrees he will build up a small and select library of fiction. Now, the country bookseller could not live out of this kind of business. But being anxious to please everyone, he keeps his circu- lating library. It may consist of but fifty volumes, but he takes as much pains with his list of new books, and the booking of his customers’ fancies, as the ‘“haberdasher” to whom Mr. Cresswell alludes. In saying the country bookseller could, if he would, persuade the people of England to be THE AUTHOR. book buyers : the land that highest of all educations obtained by reading, surely Mr. Cresswell is beside the mark. Even if the small bookseller wished to ‘stock,’ where is the capital to come from? It is no use to do things by halves, anda large sum would be required to buy evea a quarter of the new books of to-day. A stock of standard works of fiction and poetry, with a few religious works thrown im, are gener- ally to be found on the small bookseller’s counter, At Christmas time he makes a special effort, and exhibits a few new books in the shape of bound magazines, children’s books, and Christmas annuals. Why should the poor man do more? Surely there is enough being done to advance learning throughout the land, without the small bookseller purchasing a stock of books for which, in the country town, there is no sale, com- paratively speaking. Every town has its circulating library, and every railway station in the town has its book- stall; every parish has its reading-room, every cottage has its “ weekly.” The majority buy the bulk of their literature before travelling, and W.H. Smith is always at hand to gratify every taste, with his pile of dailies, weeklies, maga- zines, and shilling shockers. The country book- seller cannot compete with him. W. A. Vi.—Tue Penny Nove erte. Mrs. Spender in the December number of the Author, seems to be agitating herself unneces- sarily on behalf of “The Hungry Fox.” The large class of readers to whom she alludes, as coming up from the board schools, have their caterers, very able ones in their way, whose name also is legion. That any author should deliberately set him- self to “write down” toa class, is surely not to be thought of. Furthermore it is, if not impossible, extremely difficult to do so. Is it not just as hard fora thoughtful, cultured person to write a doll story of puppets in action, full of incident and strategy, but minus characterisation, as it is for a Penny Novelette writer to turn outa novel of “subtle allusions” and of analytical power; or for an engineer to manufacture a good pair of bootst Bach to his own craft. There is room for all. I believe it a mistake to assume that we can write exactly as we please. Most writers will, I fancy, agree with me in thinking that is put a fond delusion. One may start a book with every intention: of making it a simple story of un- involved emotions, optimistic generalisations, and idealistic flights, only to find. as one passes the and advance throughout |  THE +; milestones, each character has taken a turn of its - own in some opposite direction. Likely as not one discovers, at the end, that the work has turned out a subtle study of pessimistic realism, evolved by a collection of complicated characters beyond 4) the author’s control! Tt takes a very strong-minded writer to manage and marshal thoroughly his own ideas and creations in any case. How much more so if he puts himself under a conscientious resolve to bring them down to a dead level of mediocrity, where thought is treason, originality a crime, and dainty diction “the sin of effort!” M. I. PENDERED. VII.— Reviews AnD REVIEWERS. Te On page 243 of the Author of Dec. 1, you have a paragraph on the manifold and wondrous reviews of a book by “Ingenue.” I conclude that those quoted all come from different papers, but what is to be thought of the following: In 1884 I wrote a book, and in one of the newspapers of the day (Nov. 25, 1884) a review of it appeared, which was by no means favour- able, in fact, some twenty-four lines of print were dedicated to showing how faulty it was. You can imagine my surprise, therefore, when I saw in the very same paper, on May 26 following, a still longer review, of which every line sang the praises of my production. Which was the public to consider true? Dee. 8. IsKENDER. II. The following are some extracts from the reviews of a recent work. “ Ingenue’s”’ experi- ence is not without a parallel. “This story is exceedingly clever and very readable.” “ Unwholesome without being clever. “This clever but disagreeable book.” “When there is so much to be grateful for, to quarrel over such a trifle as a subetitle is per- haps rather hypercritical.” “The heroine is maddeningly imbecile.” “The heroine is aclever and accomplished woman . a charming and impulsive woman, whose heart is stronger than her head.” «The heroine is a harsh creation.” ‘A creature of passions and emotions, lacking ballast, and yet strangely attractive, with her versatile mind and many gifts.” “ An eminently unsatisfactory person.” Surely there ought to be some canons of criti- cism. Professor R. G. Moulton’s work on the science of criticism deals with the subject well. M. P. AUTHOR. 395 11k And here is yet another collection of various opinions, good and bad, and wholly irreconcile- able. 1. “Mr. D.’s story, which is not without its good points, labours under the primary defect of an almost total absence of adequate motive.” 2. ; on the contrary would be the better for having less purpose.” 1. “But when a writer adopts the dubious exped'ent of labelling his characters at the out- set = 2. “The characters are not mere bundles of opinions neatly labelled.” 1. “This is a most powerful and dramatic novel. The characters are well drawn, and some are quite fascinating in their strength and indivi- duality.” 2. “ We may add that it is dreary reading.” 1. “The plot, which is well thought out, and largely consistent, simply teems with incidents and side lights.” 2. “The plot is crowded with too many incon- a « gruous elements . . . to makea good novel.” Se might at least have been made more amusing.” To grotesque and coarsely sensa- tional.” 2 intensely true and pathetic; it is full of sympathy and insight: every line of it tells.” .“ . . , the tone and intention of the story are worthy of all respect.” D. D. VIII.—A Stamp or APppRovAL. May I put forward a suggestion by which the Authors’ Society could render an invaluable service to those young authors who may be led to use the kind offer of help in reviewing and criticism of MSS. by the Society’s readers ? Beyond the practice of treating the MS. when received as an essay for revision and correction where necessary, would it not be possible for the Society, upon the favourable criticism and report of the reader, to mark those MSS. considered worthy of publication with the official stamp of the Authors’ Society, thus showing that the MS. has certain merits, besides having been carefully reviewed by an expert in the person of the Society’s reader ? Such a plan, while it would in no way involve any responsibility on the part of the executive of the Authors’ Society, would undoubtedly prove to be of real service to many young writers who too often are unjustly discouraged by the refusal of publishers to consider their MSS. while still unknown in the literary world. 306 THE I would gladly help forward such a scheme if you should consider it practicable and falling within the scope of the work of the Incorporated Society of Authors. THEODORE JOHNSON. TX.—Anonymous JOURNALISM. I have been very much interested in M. Zola’s remarks on anonymity in journalism, because the question is one upon which I have always held very decided opinions, for which I have frequently done battle. M. Zola did not touch upon scientific journalism, but, unfortunately, the common practice of concealing one’s identity, that rules with papers devoted to news and politics, has extended to those papers whose office it is, or should be, to disseminate as widely as possible the latest discoveries of science, and to show up the latest discoveries of error. As the editor has very truly remarked, in speaking of anonymous reviews, concealment of the name of the writer too often leads to flippancy and to personality, which only tend to obscure the question at issue. When a writer conceives that his or her identity will not be discovered, he or she, more particularly she, will be far more ready to indulge in the feminine pastime of giving the adversary one, than if the name of the writer was appended to the writing. It will be obvious that there will be many cases where a writer would like to say something very bitter, very cutting, that will add nothing to the knowledge of the question possessed by those written for, who would not write the bitter cutting things over a signature. It has always appeared to me that where reasons exist. for not writing, if the article or letter must be signed, those reasons should be sufficient for not writing at all. It has appeared to me also, that every writer should take full responsibility for what he writes, and with it any rewards that may follow. If a writer has ability it should be known, not as the ability of the paper he writes for, but of himself or herself. And I think that what is true of scientific journalism is true of a great many other branches. Certainly it is true of reviewing. When a paper professes to judge for the public of the value of a recently-issued book, no matter on what subject the book may be written, should it not provide a competent judge, and should its proprietors be ashamed to publish the name of their judge? Is it not a fraud on the public if a book is turned over to some youngster to review, with instructions to copy out a portion of the preface AUTHOR. and add a few remarks of his own, just to fill up his allotted space ? And with regard to any newspaper you please, if its reviews gained nothing, they would certainly lose nothing by being signed. Let one for a moment consider that he is perhaps about to take up the study of a certain subject, or, if it be preferred, that he wants a book to take him quite out of his everyday work. In one paper he sees a certain book, such as he thinks would suit him, reviewed by a man eminent in that branch of work, and reviewed impartially, but favourably. In another paper, an anonymous reviewer goes for the writer in the time-honoured style. In which review would he have most confidence, and to which paper would he turn on another occasion. Certain papers, of course, command respect from the fact that they are known to keep a staft of very high-class reviewers. But even with them, would not their best work be done over their own names? How tempting to slate for a slip in grammar, when no one will know who is the slater, and so spoil the whole effect of the review. But I contend also, and very seriously, that even political articles should be signed. I do not suggest that the reporter who makes a column out of a fire, and has it cut down to a quarter, should sign his quarter. But articles that are intended to lead or to instruct should be signed by the would be leaders and instructors. Is it right that newspapers should have the power they now possess? Is it not part of the education of the masses that is now going on, that everyone should think for himself? Is it not right also that the older men, those who have had experience of the ways of the world, should guide the world? Yet when we read anonymous articles, how do we know who has written them? Take the case of an important crisis, where a certain course means fighting in some form or other, another course means no fighting. If the leader in one newspaper recom- mends fighting, ought we not to be able to know what experience the writer has had, so that we may judge what value to put upon the advice? The advice of an old man to fight is a very diffe- rent matter from that of a young one. Suppose, for instance, we were residents in Rio de Janeiro at the present time, should we not like to know whether the advice in one paper, to support the Government, or to join with the rebels, came from a man of years,a man who merely wanted to make things “hum,” or a man who was inte- rested in a new revolution ? TI venture to think and to hope that anonymity in journalism will gradually die out, and I  THE venture to hold that literary men can only gain from its extinction. Sypney F. WALKER. Cardiff. X.—Two Pusuics. Mr. Spender has touched on a difficulty felt, I am sure, by many writers. It is increased by the fact that a reputation for pleasing the larger public often stamps a writer either as “ goody” or “ sensational,’ and so prejudices against him the critics of the smaller one. Some appeal always and entirely to one kind of reader. For them the case is simple. Others, trying alter- nately for both, and having aspirations on diffe- rent levels, often fall between two stools. But apart from such obvious indications as the original destination of the MS. does not each conception make its own style, find its own level? The characters are simple or complex, the lesson obvious or the reverse. The work of art brings its own atmosphere with it, and a writer knows beforehand to what kind of readers it can be made to appeal. Each public brings, too, its own success, its own reward. The praise of fastidious critics is sweet to the author’s ear, the love of indiscrimi- nating admirers is warm to the heart, at least of those who, with Lucas Malet, “ inherit the desire to preach.” Most of us have to choose, or let fate choose for us, either each time or once for all. The greatest and the simplest ones can speak to all. CHRISTABEL R. COLERIDGE. —* = FROM THE PAPERS. I.—Tuer Destruction or Books. DELISLE, the principal librarian at the i Bibliotheque Nationale, in Paris, warns us that our modern literature is destined to perish. Of the twothousand and odd volumes published annually in France, not one, he thinks, will remain after a certain time. Cheap paper is a splendid thing in its way, but this is the price we must pay for it. Old-fashioned paper made from rags has stood the test of hundreds of years, as the many fine specimens of fifteenth-century printing show, to say nothing of still earlier books in manuscript. Nowadays, however, paper is made of all sorts of material of a more or less perishable character. In particular, as M. Delisle points out, books printed on paper made from wood pulp soon begin to rot away. At first the pages are covered by yellow spots, and these are replaced in course of time by holes. Even so- called hand-made papers are often no more durable, being treated with chemicals that slowly destroy them.—Daily News. AUTHOR. 3°97 II.—Cocknry PRONUNCIATION. By ANDREW W. TUER, F.S.A. (Concluded. ) EXAMPLES. “ Ow kin yer sy sow?” ‘“Lahs tahm I seed yer.” * Wot chur, mite?” | « Putch tongue out.” “The Jook looks pawley ter- | ‘‘ Wown’t choo sid day-own?”’ dy? “ Are yer a-kummin’?” “JT tike nuthink elsh yer|‘‘ Must choo gow?” now.” “Did joo ivver ! “°Ow fur is it? ” ‘**Oo are you a-pushin’ ov ?” “ Gotch tickit ?”’ “Tm a-gowin abroad, jer “ Owzh yaw mother ? ” | 3 now.” To be born a child of the greatest city on earth is surely no small honour? It is certainly nothing to scoff at. With most people, a Cockney and a Londoner do not mean quite the same thing. No one would dream, for instance, of calling Her Majesty the Queen a Cockney. “Cockney” is generally applied to an ’Arry or an ’Arriet dragged up in London, who by associa- tions and surroundings has imbibed certain tricks of tongue. Some of these tricks of tongue are to be found elsewhere, in high places and in low. From John o’ Groat’s to Land’s End every man thinks that his English is the best. He is quite sure that the other man’s isn’t. Itis with the lapses of the other man—the Cockney—that we are going to refresh ourselves. Once upon a time I tried very hard indeed, but quite unsuccessfully, to get at the origin of the word Cockney. Efforts of dictionary-makers, including the uncomplimentary coguin, are mere hazards. Dust-delvers of the order philological (I dearly love a good scratch myself, and there must be others whom a rooster exploring an ash- hill moves to admiration and envy) say that Cockney pronunciation is the outcome of a more or less constant intermixture of provincial blood drawn from here, there, and everywhere. Cockney spoken on the north side of London is not quite the same as heard on the south side; and the Cockney of the east differs from the Cockney of the west. Even in the same parish the word “time,” say, may be “toime” or ‘ tahm ”— “tahm” being the more common; and ‘ game” may be “ goime,”’ but is oftener ‘‘gime.” These differences exist, but here may be passed by. The rendering of such words as glass and salt, which the Cockney broadens into “ glahss”’ and “sawlt’? as against the Northman’s short and crisp “ glas”’ and “‘solt,”’ has often been noticed as typical of tongue, but it is also typical of the softer pronunciation of the south. ‘The Cockney, however, dwells longer than his neighbour on the middle of the word, on ‘‘ah”’ and on “ aw.” Tt is a canon of belief with many persons that the Cockney leaves out the letter 4 where you and I put it in, and that he puts it in where we 308 THE leave it out. Itis true that now and again the aspirate is scattered indiscriminately and bewil- deringly, but as a rule it is lazily ignored. The Cockney invariably drops the final g, and he is given to run one word into another; wherein he all unknowingly apes the example of his betters, the example of the heedless “smart,” who in lazy slip-shod English could barely afford to give him points. Note how perilously close are the renderings of ‘Did you have much fun?” Smart: ‘D'joo av muchefun?”’ Cockney: “ Jev much fun?” Adverbs he persists in turning into adjectives: “Did you have the face-ache badly?” he will render, “Jev the jaw-rike bed?” Under other citcumstances he will turn “face” into “head.” ‘TI towld ’im sow to ’is ’ed.” A collection of such perversions might prove entertaining. With the Cockneyest of Cockneys such a word as “much” becomes ‘‘ metch”—‘’Ow metch is it?” Here is a sentence noted at the time in a crush of people coming away from a show where the sports had been signalled by gun-firing. Mother: ‘‘ Wozh yer frahtened wen ’e fahd the gen?’’ Child: “ Now, ah lahked it.” To hear Cockney we must go to the streets or mix with the careless pleasure-bent masses on a bank holiday. And we must listen heedfully, for peculiarities in people with whom one is more or less constantly in contact are apt to remain un- noticed. When “’Erry Jowns” talks of his unmarried sister as Jemima Wren, one may be torgiven if it dawn but slowly that the lady’s name is Jemima Jones and that Wren stands for Ann. A country cousin will return from a ramble in London streets full of astonishment and bubbling over with choice specimens of Cockney vernacular, wherefrom he derivesinnocent and lasting amusement. Show an average Cockney some phonetically rendered Cockneyisms on paper, and he will tell you that no one speaks like that, but the exact form of disclaimer will probably be, ‘“‘ Nowbody down’t speak lahk thet.” —St. James’s Gazette. TII.—‘ Pur your Pripz In your Pocket.” “But, tell me,’ said Don Quixote to the Author, “are you printing this book at your own risk, or have you sold the copyright to some bookseller ?” “T print at my own risk,” said the Author, “and 1 expect to make 1000 ducats at least by this first edition, which is to be of 2000 copies, that will go off in a twinkling at six reals aplece.”’ “A fine calculation you are making!” said AUTHOR. Don Quixote; “it is plain you dont know the ins and outs of the printers, and how they play into one another’s hands. I promise you when you find yourself saddled with 2000 copies you will feel sv sore that it will astonish you, parti- cularly if the book is a little out of the common, and not in any way highly spiced.” “What!” said the author, “would your worship, then, have me give it to a bookseller who will give three maravedis for the copyright, and think he is doing me a favour in giving me that? Ido not print my books to win fame in the world, for I am known in it already by my works; I want to make money, without which reputation is not worth a rap.” “God send your worship good luck,” said Don Quixote. [Mr. John Ormsby’s translation, iv., 261]. J. 8. IV.—Artists In Buack anp WHITE. On Thursday evening, Dec. 21, a meeting of artists in black and white was held in Barnard’s Inn Hall, Holborn—Mr. Harry Furniss presiding —to form a society for the advancement and encouragement of that branch of art. On the motion of Mr. Bernard Partridge, seconded by Mr. Joseph Pennell, it was unanimously decided to form the society; and it was suggested that its basis should be somewhat similar to that of the Society of Authors or the Institute of Journalists. The following subjects were set down for discussion in the notice calling the meeting :—(1) The protection of the interests, artistic and personal, of all illustrators ; (2) the best means of assuring to them an adequate return for their artistic labours; (3) the improve- ment of the terms under which those labours are undertaken ; (4) the making as advantageous a use as possible, for the general good of the society, of the productions of its members, notably in the matter of certain rights of repro- duction over their work; and (5) the holding of exhibitions for the encouragement and develop- ment of all methods of illustration and repro- duction. A committee was appointed to arrange details. Ietters acquiescing in the aims of the society were read from a number of distinguished artists, and the entire proceedings were most enthusiastic.—Pall Mall Gazette.  : * | s . aoetepemmecne Se THE NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS. Theology. BagsHAWE, JOHN B. 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The advertiser, who is engaged on a work on the horn-book, would also be grateful for refer- ences to examples in museums and private hands.—Address AnpREW W. TurER, The Leadenhall Press Limited, 50, Leadenhall-street, London, E.C. A few BANK OF ENGLAND NOTES cut in £1000 two and rejoined with STICK- PHAST PASTE will support a big and heavy man for the remainder of his natural life. machines A. JOHNSON, TYPIST, 1, Melrose Terrace, West Kensington Park, W. AUTHORS’ MSS. COPIED, 6d. per quarto of 500 to 520 words. PLAYS, 3d. per page. FULL PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION. MRS. GILL, TYPE-WRITING OFFICE, 35, LUDGATE HILL, E.C. (ESTABLISHED 1883.) qr _—_ Authors’ MSS. carefully copied from 1s. per 1000 words. Plays, &c., 1s. 8d. per 1000 words. Extra copies (carbon) supplied at the rate of 4d. and 3d. per 1000 words. Type-writing from dictation 2s. 6d. per hour. Reference kindly permitted to Walter Besant, Esq.; also to Messrs. A. P. Watt and Son, Literary Agents, 2, Paternoster. square, E.C. Miss PATTEAN, NPIS 7. 44, Oakley Street Flats, Chelsea, S.W. Authors’ MSS. carefully transcribed. References kindly permitted to George Augustus Sala, Esq., Justin Huntly McCarthy, Esq., and many other well-known Authors. Hire - Proof Safe for MSS. Particulars on Application. LITERARY PRODUCTIONS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION AREFULLY REVISED, CORRECTED, or RE. WRITTEN by the Author of “The Queen’s English up to Date.” Facilities for publication. Typewriting 1s. per 1000 words. Address SecRETARY, Literary Office, 342, Strand, W.C. Xe LADY, with the power of CONSTRUCTING PLOTS for NOVELS, and of Collecting and Investigating Materials for Journalistic and Literary Work, will be GLAD to ASSIST AUTHORS. She has special facilities for interviewing and for supply- ing descriptive matter, and will be glad of any work of this nature. Address, the Editor of THe AvutTHoR, 4, Portugal- street, W.C. PRINTING ANO PUBLISHING. TO AUTHORS. Special attention given to the above. Terms moderate. Estimates free. ACCOUNTS VERIFIED BY CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT. Address Manacer, Roxburghe Press, 3, Victoria-street, Westminster. In cloth lettered, gilt edges, price 5s. SONGS GRAVE AND GAY. By F. B. DOVETON, Author of ‘‘Snatches of Song,” ‘‘ Sketches in Prose and Verse,” ‘s Maggie in Mythica,” &c. London: Horace Cox, Windsor House, Bream’s-buildings, E.C. Printed and Published by Horace Cox, Windsor House, Bream’s-buildings, London, E.C. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author, Vol. 04 Issue 08 (January 1894) Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em>, Vol. 04 Issue 08 (January 1894) Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1894-01-01-The-Author-4-8 publications The Author