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Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1892-07-01 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages Page range in volume 41–80 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18920701 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin The Muthor. (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) GoMDUCTED BY WALTER SESANT. Vou. III.—No. 2.] JULY 1; F802. [Prick SIXPENCE. CONTENTS. PAGE PAGE Warnings ae a See es as mie ae oe .. 43 Feuilleton—Autobiography of an Article one ee ae sea DB How to Use the Society... ies ace ies wee oe oe ee Notes from Paris. By Robert H. Sherard ... ss oer Sa OD The Authors’ Syndicate... eae ae ae — ee .. 44 Sonnet. By Zitella Tomkins a os wee eS, ave ee OR Notices... eae ee noe cae ore Sen eee cee ap ae Women in Journalism oe see aes ae g's ee ser (02 Literary Property— Authors by Profession. By W. Minto ... te ee as a. 64 L.—A Publisher in Bankruptcy ee tae ves es ioe 468 Correspondence— Il.—Newspaper Copyright ... sr aS ee aoe meee I.—Useful Books =. aoe coe cos eae oe maa 6D I1I.—Newspaper Copyright and the Contributor ... Pe eee IL—The ‘' Higher Literature” coe ioe ies kos S00 IV.—Serial Rights... ave ee pes ae es pe eo ae T1I.—Another Side oy ee Boe eae bee ie 00 The Annual Dinner— IV.—Bodenstedt des Cas va tes ioe en cee te L—The Report ... ae Bs a ies — a =e) 00 V.—Press Copies ae eee eas nae bee oe wos’ OF e IL—The Times on the Society ... oe = a oes ae OL VIL—Editor or Proprietor... eee oe he aoe Eps Publisher’s Expenses cee ay es oe aes aes os 62 VIL—An Obliging Publisher ... a nas es 5 ens ee Press Copies .. cea mas oe ae ae ms Be cin OD VII1.—Literature and Independence ... cag a oes son 68 The American Societies... ae ee Yes e waa sox Oe ‘* At the Author’s Head” ... oe = ee es ais aoe OF Our Enemies ... 5 ee 55 ee tes oe ee san Oe New Books and New Editions... a see aaa a hes Ok Notes and News. By the Editor... ae te aoe ave Sen 8 PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY. 1. The Annual Report. That for January 1892 can be had on application to the Secretary. 9. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance of Literary Property. Issued to all Members. & 8. The Grievances of Authors. (The Leadenhall Press.) 2s. The Report of three Meetings on 5 the general subject of Literature and its defence, held at Willis’s Rooms, March, 1887. 4. Literature and the Pension List. By W. Morris Coxuus, Barrister-at-Law. (Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C.) 33s. 5. The History of the Societe des Gens de Lettres. By S. Squire Spricen, Secretary to the Society. Is. 6. The Cost of Production. In this work specimens are given of the most important forms of type, size of page, &c., with estimates showing what it costs to produce the more common kinds of books. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 2s. 6d. 7. The Various Methods of Publication. By S. Squire Spricer. In this work, compiled from the papers in the Society’s offices, the various kinds of agreements proposed by Publishers to Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the various kinds of fraud which have been made possible by the different clauses in their agreements Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 3s. a. 8. Copyright Law Reform, An Exposition of Lord Monkswell’s Copyright Bill now before Parlia- ment. With Extracts from the Report of the Commission of 1878, and an Appendix containing the Berne Convention and the American Copyright Bill. By J. M. Luny. Eyre and Spottiswoode. 1s. 6d. 4 | | i ' | 42 ADVERTISEMENTS. THE LINOTYPE COMPOSING JIAGHINE. SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BOOKWORK. Extract from the “ Printers’ Register,’ Dec. 7, 1891: “The result of the contest between four American composing machines—the Linotype, the Rogers’, the MacMillan, and the St. John Typo-bar systems—inaugurated by the American Newspaper’ Publishers’ Association, Chicago, has been announced. The Linotype showed the best results, composing on the first day of eight hours 47,900 ems, and nearly 49,000 ems on the second day. The matter chosen consisted partly of sporting, market reports, and cable news, which had to be read and corrected.” THE ABOVE SHOWS THAT 49,000 AMERICAN EMS, EQUAL TO 98,000 ENGLISH ENS, WERE SET IN EIGHT HOURS—GIVING AN AVERAGE OF 12,250 ENS AN HOUR, CORRECTED MATTER. AUTHORS’ CORRECTIONS Can be made on the Linotype Machine in about a quarter of the time occupied by hand-setting. To demonstrate this experiments were conducted by the well-known publisher, Mr. H. Rand. Into 9200 ens of matter from the daily press a large variety of errors were purposely introduced both in Linotypes and ordinary type. The Linotype matter was corrected in twenty-seven minutes, while the type matter occupied an hour and a half. THE ECONOMIC PRINTING & PUBLISHING CO. LIMITED, 39, BOUVERIE STREET, FLEET STREET, E.C., Having acquired the monopoly of Linotype Machines in London (excepting Newspaper Offices), are in a position to quote decidedly advantageous Prices to Authors for the Composition of Books by Linotype, and also undertake the Printing, being well equipped with Printing Machinery by the best makers. y Che Huthor. (The Organ of the Incorzorated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vou. III.—No. 2.] JULY 1, 1892: [PRIcE SIXPENCE. for the Opinions expressed in papers that are signed or initialled the Authors alone are responsvble. WARNINGS. Reapers of the Author are earnestly desired to make the following warnings as widely known as possible. They are based on the experience of seven years’ work upon the dangers to which literary property is exposed :— } (1.) NEvER sign any agreement of which the alleged cost of production forms an integral part, until you have proved the figures. (z.) Never enter into any correspondence with publishers, especially with those who advertise for MSS., who are not recom- mended by experienced friends or by this Society. (3.) Never, on any account whatever, bind yourself down for future work to any- one, (4.) Never accept any proposal of royalty until you have ascertained what the agreement proposes to give to the author and what to the publisher. 4) (5.) Never accept any pecuniary risk or respon- sibility whatever without advice. (6.) Nuver, when a MS. hes been refused by respectable houses, pay others, whatever promises they may put forward, for the production of the work. (7.) Never sign away American rights. Keep them. Refuse to sign any agreement VOL. III. containing a clause which reserves them for the publisher. If the publisher insists, take away the MS. and offer it to another. (8.) Never sign an agreement or a receipt which gives away copyright without advice. (9.) Keep control over the advertisements by clause in the agreement. Reserve a veto. If you are yourself ignorant of the sub- ject, make the Society your agent. (1o.) Never forget that publishing is a busi- ness, like any other business, totally un- connected with philanthropy, charity, or pure love of literature. You have to do with business men. Society’s Offices :— 4, Portueat Street, Lincoun’s Inn FIELps. HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY. 1. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books repre- sented. This is in order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agreements and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The secretary will always be glad to have any agreements for inspection and note. The information thus obtainable is invaluable. 2. If the examination of your previous business transactions by the Secretary proves unfavour- able, you should take advice as toa change of publishers. 3. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the proposed form to the Society for examination. D2 44 ~ 4. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks, of every publishing firm in the country. Remember that there are certain houses which live entirely by trickery. 5. The outward and visible signs of the fraudulent publisher are—(1) a virtuous and benevolent wish to have the unquestioned conduct of your business left entirely in his hands; (2) a virtuous, good man’s pain at being told that his accounts must be audited; (3) a virtuous indig- nation at being asked what his proposal gives him compared with what it gives the author; and (4) irrepressible irritation at any mention of the Society of Authors. 6. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of literature in promoting the inde- pendence of the writer. 7. Send to the Editor of the Author notes of everything important to literature that you may hear or meet with. THE AUTHORS’ SYNDICATE. R. Colles desires to inform readers of the Author— 1. That the Authors’ Syndicate is now m a position to take charge in whole or in part of the business of members of the Society. With, when necessary, the assistance of the advisers of the Society it will conclude agreements, collect. royalties, examine and pass accounts, and, generally, relieve mem- bers of the trouble of managing business details. All accounts opened between the Syndicate and members are duly audited. 2. That the establishment expenses of the Authors’ Syndicate are defrayed entirely out of the commission charged on rights placed through its intervention. This varies, and must vary, according to the nature of the services rendered, but it is intended to reduce the rates to the lowest possible amount compatible with effi- ciency. Meanwhile members will please accept this intimation that they are not ‘entitled to the services of the Syndicate gratis. THE AUTHOR. 3. That he undertakes to work for none but members of the Society. 4. That his business is not to advise members of the Society, but to manage their affairs for them if they please to entrust them to him. 5. That when he has any work in hand he must have it entirely in his own hands; in other words, that authors must not ask him to place certain work, and then go about endeavouring to place it by themselves. 6. That when a MSS. has been sent from pub- lisher to publisher, and from editor to editor, in vain, it is most likely impossible to place it. 7. That in the face of the present competition, authors will do well to moderate their expectations. To this it may be added, that where advice is sought, the Secretary of the Society, and not the Syndicate, must be consulted. On his behalf © members are requested— 1. To place on paper briefly the points on which advice is asked. 2. To send up all the letters and papers con- nected with the case, if it is a case of dispute. 3. Not to conceal or keep back any of the facts. pect NOTICES. HE Editor of the Author begs to remind members of the society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy — charge on the resources of the society if a great many members did not forward to the secretary — the modest 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. He finds that, while the interest in the paper increases, and while it is acknowledged to be doing good service by its exposures and investigations, — there has been some tendency this year to forget the subscription. Perhaps this reminder may be | of use. With 800 members, besides the outside circulation of the paper, the Author ought to prove a source of revenue to the society. : “Io jem pelos i te oe {Co Fao a= Jee i nf 7 a i re THE AUTHOR. The Editor would also be very glad to receive papers and communications on all subjects con- ne ‘ted with literature from members and others. Nothing can do more good to the society than to make the Author complete, attractive, and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this work send their names and the special subjects on which they are willing to write ? All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of this Society or not, are invited to communicate to the Editor any points connected with their work which it would be advisable in the general interest to publish. SS = Members and others who wish their MSS. read are requested not to send them to the Office with- out previously communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in which they are received. It must also be distinctly understood that the Society does not, under any circum- stances, undertake the publication of MSS. The Authors’ Club is now opened in temporary premises, at 17, St. James’s Place, St. James’s Street. Address the Secretary for information, rules of admission, &c. Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they have paid their subscriptions for the year? If they will do this, and remit the amount or a banker’s order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the trouble of sending out a reminder. —o Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the warning numbered (3). It is a most foolish and a most disastrous thing to bind yourself to anyone for a term of years. Let them ask them- selves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest ? Of course they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign themselves into literary bondage for three or five years ?P oS How, we are asked almost every day, is the young writer to make a beginning? He should first get an opinion from one of the Society’s readers as to the merits and chances of his book. 45 It may be that certain points would be suggested foralteration. It may be that he will find himself recommended to put his MS. in the fire He should then, if encouraged, offer his MS. toa list of houses or of magazines recommended by the Society There is nothing else to be done. No one, we repeat, can possibly help him. If those houses all refuse him, it is not the least use trying others, and, if he is a wise man, he will refuse to pay for the production of his own work. If, how- ever, as too often happens, he is not a wise man, but believes that be has written a great thing, and is prepared to back his opinion to the extent of paying for his book, then Jet him place his work in the hands of the Society, and it shall be arranged for him without greater loss than the actual cost of production. At least he will not be deluded by false hopes and promises which can end in nothing. Several correspondents have asked whether Mr. P, F. Collier, who has already been mentioned in connection with an advertisement offering to give English authors an immense circulation, is a person to be trusted. There scems little doubt that he can do what he promises, which is to run a novel through his journal. What more he will or can do is quite uncertain We therefore repeat the warning given in our last number. Let authors be careful to secure the usual business arrangement in an agreement before sending their work across the Atlantic, either to Mr. Collier or to any other. SS The committee of the Lowell Memorial is now formed. The form of the Memorial has been decided upon, and the committee are now pre- pared to receive donations. Need we in these pages do more than chronicle the fact ? Lowell was so staunch a friend of the Society that every member ought to forward something towards this admirable and worthy object. Mr. Herbert Thring, secretary of the Society, is also hon. sec. to the Lowell memorial. Letters can be addressed to him. Among the men and women of letters on the committee are, in alphabetical order, Mrs. Lynn Linton, Mrs. Richmond Ritchie, Miss Anne Swanwick, Walter Besant, Augustus Birrell, R. D. Blackmore, James Bryce, Austin Dobson, Canon Doyle, Archdeacon Farrar, Edmund Gosse, Rider Haggard, R. H. Hutton, Professor Huxley, Dean Kitchen, Andrew Lang, W. E. H. Lecky, Sidney Lee, Sidney Low, Justin M ‘Carthy, Norman M‘Coll, James Martineau, George Mere- dith, Sir F. Pollock, and Theodore Watts. 46 THE The Globe (June 11, 1892) called attention toa very remarkable offer of the International Peace and Arbitration Association. This society had offered a prize of £50 for the best essay on peace, with the condition that all the essays offered should become their property. Who would believe that the ignorance as to hterary property was so deep and so extensive ? Here are a body of, apparently, honourable men banded together for an honour- able object. Yet they propose calmly to “ annex”’ an unknown quantity of literary property. Suppose that only ten of the essays sent in were worth as much as £10 each as their marketable value. This society actually proposed to keep this £100 in return for nothing! Would these gentlemen make the same offer with regard to desks say, or pictures, or cabinets, or statues ? Certainly not. But they did not understand that they were dealing with literary property, or that there was any such thing as literary property. Since this was written the society has rescinded their original resolution. They will return the unsuccessful essays. As an illustration of pre- vailing ignorance as to literary property, the above may remain. The Globe also did good service in the same number by making a rough classification of the books of the month. There are 240 new books. Of these 73 are works of fiction, mostly little story books. One out of every four books is meant for a student. That means that the literature of education is 25 per cent. of our whole literature, a fact useful to remember. To quote again from the Globe, mention is made of the way in which Richard Jefferies scattered his books among different publishers. The reason was that the returns from the sale of his books seemed to him so much out of propor- tion to the laudatory reviews that he thought himself ill-treated, and so changed his publishers. It is a great trouble therefore to get a com- plete list of his books. In the good time to come, when the relation of author to publisher shall have been equitably arranged, this trouble will not exist. Meantime, there are other sinners besides Jefferies. It is most difficult to get all the scattered works of Andrew Lang. Louis Stevenson’s books are here and there. So are Rudyard Kipling’s, so are Rider Haggard’s, so are Thomas Hardy’s, so are William Black’s. The dispersion of the Althorp Library is a national loss. The books will mostly go to AUTHOR. America. The sale is said to have been necessitated by the agricultural depression. No one seems ever to have sat down and calmly estimated what this depression means, and what it is doing to this country. It affects ourselves especially in increasing enormously the number and the com- petition of those who are trying to write. The professional incomes at home—tfrom glebe lands, from pew rents, in the law, in medicine, in teaching —have shrunk so terribly that the girls of the family are growing distracted with the desire, and the necessity, to earn money somehow——anyhow. The M‘Kinley Tariff is giving trouble as to the importation of books. They must be old books: their binding, also, must be old—at least twenty years old. Now, the binding is very often com- paratively new. What is to be done? Perhaps the simplest plan would be to declare boldly the. binding as well as the book to be more than twenty years old. The Literary Ladies’ Dinner was held on June 8, at the Criterion, Mrs. Graham Tomson was the president of the evening, and among those present were Lady Lindsay, Lady Violet Greville, Mrs. John Forsey, Mrs. Pennell, Miss Clementina Black, Miss Dora ‘Tulloch, Miss Hawke, Miss Beatrice Whitby, Mrs. Bennett Edwards. A dinner where the guests are all ladies seems to the undisciplined mind an insipid thing; but then undisciplined minds are not invited. If the ladies themselves did find it insipid they would not repeat it. There is a picture of the banquet in the Queen, showing champagne glasses in the usual position. The ladies, therefore, refreshed themselves in the customary manner. Miss Clementina Black is reported to have tendered a piece of advice so excellent that it must be repeated. It was, never to undersell men—or each other. ee ON LITERARY PROPERTY. I. A PusiisHER IN BANKRUPTCY. \ N 7E UNDERSTAND that many cases have recently arisen in which an author, having sold or otherwise parted. with his copyright to a publisher, has lost heavily by that publisher’s bankruptcy. Especially has this happened in cases where the sale has been wholly IA AUTHOR, ‘© or partly on credit, and the bankruptcy finds the *» author in the position of unpaid creditor, with a «new debtor in the shape of a trustee in bank- ruptcy in the place of his publisher to look to for ¢ payment. The trustee in bankruptcy, or the | liquidator of a company, whose legal position is practically the same as that of a trustee in bank- ruptcy, claims to keep the copyright and make money out of it either by carrying on the pub- / lisher’s business, or selling it, but to substitute 1} the mere right to a dividend out of the bank- rupt’s estate for the right to payment in full. This is so hard upon the author, that at first we » could hardly think that the claim of the trustee ( in bankruptcy could be sustained in law. But on *) talking the matter over with more lawyers than f ) one, we have practically satisfied ourselves that the claim of the trustee in bankruptcy is in most cases good. It becomes, therefore, of consequence to con- » sider what is the best course for an author to | pursue. It is an awkward thing to suggest to i) the publisher, with whom ea hypothesi the author i is, and wishes to continue, on friendly relations, ) that he may one day become bankrupt, but as a | matter of business we think that in all publishing » agreements, where the author gives credit, it would | be well for him to stipulate that in case of the publisher's bankruptcy the copyright should ' revert to the author until the whole purchase “ money has been paid. The form of such a %@ stipulation may not be very easy to settle, but we ©) think that it would hold good if properly shaped, 4 it being a general rule attaching to the ownership | 19 of property, that the owner “ may, upon aliena- ') tion, qualify the interest of his alienee by a con- "dition defeating it on his bankruptcy, so that it ‘t will not pass to his trustee on bankruptcy :”’ (see "7 Williams on Bankruptcy, 5th edit., at Dp. 172.) ' There is, however, a very important exception ©) to the general rule that a bankrupt’s “‘ property ” 6% passes to his trustee, and that is that contracts ™ involving the personal skill of the bankrupt do o% not so pass. “It is not easy to say” (it is “© observed in Williams on Bankruptcy, p. 174), “what makes the personal skill of the bankrupt so of the essence of the contract as to entitle the other contracting party to refuse anything else ;” but an autho.’s contract with a publisher has been twice held by the courts to involve personal skill on the part of the publisher as well as of the author, so as not to be assignable, and the case of a sale of copyright, not for money down, but merely for royalties, seems to differ essen- tially from the case of a sale out and out. The whole question of the relations between an author and the trustees in bankruptcy of his publisher is as difficult as it is important, and is 47 concerns journalists as well as authors. We shall be glad to receive from our readers, especially from those who are learned in the law, any sug- gestions throwing light upon the question with a view to the amendment of the present practice so far as may be shown to be desirable. So II, ’ NewsparErR Copyricur. In connection with the important question of newspaper copyright, it may be pointed out that the Royal Commission on Copyright of 1878 re- ported to the effect that “much doubt appeared to exist, in consequence of several conflicting legal decisions, whether there is any copyright in newspapers,” and suggested that “in any future legislation the defect might be remedied by de- fining what parts of a newspaper might be con- sidered copyright, and by distinguishing between announcements of facts and communications of a literary character.” In compliance with the sug- gestion, it was proposed to provide, by the Government Bill of 1879 (introduced by the present Duke of Rutland when Lord John Manners), that all the clauses of the bill as to books published in series should apply to a news- paper, “so far as the newspaper should contain original compositions of a literary character, but should not apply to such portion of a newspaper as should contain news ;”’ and, further, “ that the publisher of a newspaper should, within one week after the publication of every number thereof, deliver a copy of that number to the trustees of the British Museum, and in default should be liable to the same fine to which the publisher of a book is liable on failing to deliver a copy thereof to those trustees.” Lord Monks- well’s Bill, which was read a second time in the House of Lords in the session of 1891, more elaborately provided that newspaper copyright should extend only to articles, paragraphs, com- munications, and other parts which are composi- tions of a literary character, and not to any articles, paragraphs, communications, or other parts which are designed only for the publication of news, or to advertisements, but added that “the making of fair and moderate extracts from a newspaper in which there should be subsisting copyright, and the publication thereof in any other newspaper should not be deemed to be infringement of copying if the source from which the extracts have been taken is acknowledged.” Inasmuch as the existing Copyright Act of 1845 does not mention a newspaper by name, and even the Newspaper Libel and Registration Act, 1881, 48 which requires registration of the titles of news- papers and of the names of all their proprietors, is absolutely silent on the question of copyright, a short amending bill incorporating, so far as deemed desirable, the legal effect of the late decision of Mr. Justice North in Walter v. Steinkopf appears to be urgently required.— Law Journal. Ss TI. NewspPaPer CopyRIGHT AND THE ConrTRIBUTOR. The comments and the controversy on the subject of newspaper copyright have been carried on, with one exception, in entire disregard of the rights of the contributor. In the court no notice wastaken of him; he was supposed to have no rights, or to have sold all his rights ; in fact, he was not considered atall. At last. a letter ia the Times of June 9 does really hint at such a thing as the rights of the contributor. What, in fact, does the contributor to a paper really sell? If there is no agreement tothe contrary he sells the exclusive right to publish for one day. That is all. The proprietor of the paper may claim to have bought the whole copyright of the paper, but, without an agreement to that effect, he would find it difficult to prove that claim. In most cases the contribution is of ephemeral value only, but there may arise instances in which great damage and injustice may be done to the writer by reproducing his work in other papers. Take, for instance, a series of articles writen for a magazine, to be afterwards published in volume form. Suppose those articles are copied whole- sale, the readers of the book are, of course, reduced in proportion. For instance, in the case of Mr. Rudyard Kipling’s papers, they are, presumably, to appear ultimately m volume form; the serial right, also presumably, is purchased by the Times. Now, the writer in selling that right to the Times certainly does not sell it to the wide wide world. It is true that the Tvmes goes over the whole world, but it is not true that the whole world reads the Times. This aspect of the case becomes more serious when we consider the present tendency of Jour- nalism to engage the services of well-known specialists who sign their names. Papers written by these men have more than an ephemeral interest and more than an ephemeral value. It is no longer the anonymous paper, whose authorship may perhaps be guessed from in- ternal evidence; it is a weighed, responsible opinion by one who has a reputation to support, that is placed before us. To reproduce this paper without permission, and whether with THE AUTHOR. acknowledgment or not, is not only a certain infringement of copyright which has been ac- quired by honourable payment, but it is also a probable injury to the writer of the paper. This view of the subject shows that many other persons besides the proprietor of a paper may be concerned in safeguarding these rights — the contributor first, the publisher employed by the author next, and the persons employed by the publisher—printer, paper maker, binder. If a series of articles, written for one paper, is copied by all the papers of the country, the volume which they were afterwards to form is simply destroyed. Instead, therefore, of talk about “tacit understanding of honourable reciprocity ” it seems to be the real interest of all papers alike to guard their own property with the greatest jealousy. And if this is the result of the recent controvery a long step will have been made in that respect for property which lies at the bottom of all order.” IV. SreriaL RicHTs. One of the unexpected results of the American Copyright Act is the difficulty with which it has surrounded the sale of serial rights. If a story is serialised in England and is not serialised simultaneously in the States, the American copy- right is of course seriously jeopardised. It is not clear that serials that run im England can be annexed by American pirates at their own sweet will, but, in order to protect the copy- right in both countries, the better opinion appears to be that formal publication in book form should take place before the serialisation commences in either country. This is imcon- venient, but it is certain; and in the midst of so much uncertainty, that is much. From this it will be seen that the sale of serial rights, always difficult, is becoming extremely complicated. It will not only be necessary in future to make arrangements a long way ahead—every story- teller knows that magazines and journals make their fiction arrangements twelve, twenty-four, or even thirty-six months in advance, and arrange- ments for 1895 have already been concluded in many quarters by many of the foremost writers— but, added to that, it will be necessary for the story to be complete and ready for the press six months before it commences to run as a serial. In other words, writers who have not completed their arrangements will have to choose between a long postponement of book publication on the one hand or the loss of their serial rights, or, if not, of their American copyright on the other. It OE JOS SE aka ioe THE is desirable that authors should understand the difficulties with which serialisation is surrounded : they would thus save themselves much disap- pointment. There seems to be a widespread notion that serials can be arranged for at any time and with no notice whatever; but it may be taken for granted that arrangements so con- cluded must be made on extremely bad terms, and authors have only themselves to thank if they do not take the trouble to ascertain the con- ditions of the market. This brings us to the elementary fact which cannot be insisted upon too strongly, or reiterated with too much frequency—that serial rights are the most valuable of all and of course the most important of all. It is impossible to generalise, but one successful novelist at least declares that his serial rights are to his book rightsas5 tol. It is ridiculous to imagine that editors will put them- selves out to meet the convenience of writers when, having regard to the importance of their Support, they are entitled to have their own arrangements considered. Authors who wish to make the most of their serial rights will do well to fall in with the conditions imposed. To arrange for book publication first and even to fix this date and then to expect that the story will be serialised successfully is ridiculous. It will probably be worth the writer’s while to postpone book publica- tion until serial arrangements have been properly concluded, or it has been conclusively proved that such arrangements are impracticable. A word may be said here as to the use of fiction in newspapers. There is no doubt that newspapers represent a most important and a growing market. The capacity of the press of the world is practically inexhaustible. At the present time nearly all the best fiction is pre-empted by the newspaper market, which has lately advanced with enormous strides in this direction. The periodicals will certainly have to look to their laurels if they are going to hold their own against the big provincial, Colonial, and American week- lies. Hitherto the newspaper market has been in the hands of middlemen who, it may be presumed, have found it not unprofitable, but the attempt which has been made hy the Authors’ Syndicate, and not without a promise of success, to bring authors into direct communication with the news. paper press, is at least worthy of recognition. The greatest misapprehension exists as to the method whereby a story can be syndicated. The fact that much inferior fiction runs through the columns of the provincial press is urged as a reason for believing that a ready market can here be found. But this is very far from being the case. One or two agencies exist which supply fiction by the yard and at any price you please VOL, III. AUTHOR. 49 from 1s. 6d. per column, and it is easy to under- stand that the quality of the wares they have to offer is not, to say the least, remarkably high. There does not at present exist any means of getting into the columns of journals of this character except through the instrumentality of the agencies mentioned. Arrangements with journals which only buy the best fiction in the market are an altogether different matter, and have to be arranged for with as much care as with the leading periodicals of the day. I£ it be remembered that for a story to be properly syndicated, contracts have to be concluded in America, Australasia, India, Africa, and through- out Great Britain and Ireland, it will be seen at once that much time must be occupied in carrying through negotiations. To sum up, therefore, the one thing needful to bear in mind in serialising stories is to con- clude arrangements a long time ahead, certainly twelve months, and better still, twenty-four months, in advance, or making allowance for the run of the story certainly two if not three years before final publication in book form. A few words may be added here as to the sale of serial rights, especially serial rights in short stories. Some editors who express a not un- natural predilection for dealing with authors direct, send out a form of receipt which contains the words “including copyright,” and this might of course operate, if not as an assignment, as evidence of a prior assignment. Authors will do well to consider, in making any arrangements, what rights they are really selling. It should be borne in mind that even the serial rights of a short story are often valuable, or become valuable. The use can be sold over and over again in all parts of the world unless it is limited to the organ purchasing it in the first instance, In no case should the copyright be thrown in as a sort of make-weight. Collections of short stories may in the near future be more popular than they are now, and in any case the copyright should on principle never be parted with except for an adequate consideration. One other matter which it is important to bear in mind, is, the desirability of a clear under- standing as to the time when the right of re- publication in book form or otherwise reverts to the author. In the absence of this authors may find valuable matter locked up in the pages of a magazine for twenty-eight years. THE ANNUAL DINNER. HE annual dinner of the Society was held in , the Holborn Restaurant on Tuesday, the 31st of May. The chair was taken by Michael Foster, F.R.S., Professor of Physics in the University of Cambridge, and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. The number of those who sat down was 198, as many as the room would hold. At the last the secretary was obliged to refuse tickets. The following is a list: Major-General Alexander, C.B.;_ A. W. a’Beckett ; W. Allmgham, F.R.S.; Rev. Pro- fessor Bonney, F.R.S.; Walter Besant; Mrs. Walter Besant; H. C. Burdett; Miss Belloc and Guest; F. Boyle; Mrs. Brightwen; Mrs. H. Blackburn ; H. Blackburn; Mackenzie Bell; G. Theodore Bent ; Dr. Bridges; James Baker ; Mrs Batty; Aubyn Trevor Battye; Comtesse de Brémont; Miss Ella Curtis; Oswald Orawfurd, C.M.G.; Lieut.-Col. Campbell; F. H. Cliffe; Miss Lily Croft ; Edward Clodd ; Mrs. Clarke ; E. Clodd, jun.; Egerton Castle ; John B. Crozier ; Mrs. Cox; Miss Cox; W. Morris Colles; Mrs. Morris Colles; Thomas Catling; Mrs. Mona Caird ; Thistleton Dyer, C.B.; G. Darwin, F.R.S. ; Mrs. Darwin; Austen Dobson; G. Du Maurier ; the Daily Graphic ; the Daily News; the Daily Telegraph; the Daily Chronicle; C. F. Dowsett ; Sir G. Douglas ; John Dennis; A. Conan Doyle; A. W. Dubourg; Sir John Evans; Rev. Pro- fessor Harle; Eric Erichsen, F.R.S.; Miss A. Edwards; Mrs. Edmonds; W. Ellis; A. Esclan- gon; Mrs. Foster; G. K. Fortescue; Michael Foster, Jun.; Miss M. Foster; S.M. Fox; Basil Field; Percy French; Sir A. Geikie, F.R.S. ; R. Garnett, LL.D.; W. A. Gibbs; Francis Gribble; Edmund Gosse; Mrs. Gosse; Corney Grain; W. O. Greener; G. T. Grein; H. Rider Haggard ; Miss Hector; W. Earl Hodg- son; A. Egmont Hake; Mrs. Egmont Hake; Mrs. Harrison ; Mr. Harrison, John Hill; T. C. Hedderwick ; Miss V. Hunt; Rev. W. Hunt ; Clive Holland; Henry Harland; J. D. Hutche- son; Mrs. H. Hutcheson; Professor Huxley, F.R.S.; Prebendary Harry Jones; T. Heath Joyce; Mr. H. Jenner; Mrs. Jenner; C. T. C. James; Jerome K. Jerome; R. B Sheridan Knowles; H. G. Keene, C.LE.; Veva Karsland and Guest; Rev. J. A. Kerr; Mrs. E. Kennard and Guest ; Andrew Lang; Mrs. Lynn Linton; Norman Lockyer; J. M. Lely; Mrs. Laffan; Stanley Little; Rev. E. P. Larken; Mrs. Lefroy; Miss Low; A. H. Lewers; Professor Ray Lankester ; Miss Loftie; Helen Mathers; S. C. McKinney ; Mrs. Myall; E. Martin; D. S. Meldrum; Miss THE AUTHOR. H. McKerlie; Rev. C. H. Middleton Wake; the Morning Post; Charles Mercier; Rev. Prof. Momerie; Athol Maudslay; R. L. Nettleship: Mrs. Orpen; Mr. Orpen; J. A. Owen; Sir William Pole, F.R.S.; G. H. Putnam; Stanley Lane Poole; Mrs. S. Lane Poole; Arthur Pater- son; Richard Pryce; Norman Porritt; Mrs. R. Pennell; R. Pennell ; Pall Mall Gazette ; Mrs. W. H. Pollock; W. H. Pollock; Miss K. Beatrice Pownall; A. G. Ross; G. Rolt ; Sir R. Roberts; R. Ross; Mrs. J. K. Spender; Julian Sturgis ; George Sumner; Clement Shorter; Miss Stevenson; J. J. Stevenson; C. J. Smith; Miss C. J. Smith ; St. James’s Gazette; G. Anderson Smith; J. A. Steuart; Miss A. Sargent; Sir N. Staples; Douglas Sladen; the Standard; Dr. Sisley ; S. 8S. Sprigge; W. Baptiste Scoones; Rev. Pro- fessor Skeat; Ashby Sterry; G. W. Sheldon; Frank R. Stockton; G. H. Thring ; Mrs. Thring ; H. RB. Tedder ; Sir Richard Temple ; W. G. Thorpe ; the Times ; Mrs. Tweedie ; Alex. Tweedie ; A. W. Tuer; Dr. J. Todhunter; H. G. T. Taylor; E. M. Underdown, Q.C.; Rev. C. Voysey; Humphry Ward; Mrs. Humphry Ward; A. Warren ; Mrs. Arthur Warren; Mrs. Iltyd Williams; R. Whiteing; Arthur Waugh; William Watson ; Oscar Wilde. After the usual loyal toasts the chairman pro- posed “The Society.” In doing so, he said that the great public mmd which was taught so much and which learnt so little, seemed to be still a great deal in the dark about the Society of Authors. He was often asked, What is the Society of Authors? He asked the inquirers in turn if they realised the power of the individual author ; if they realised that he exercised a power such as few other individuals possessed. They might estimate it as they pleased. They might take the numerical estimate, or consider the value of his autograph after he was dead. Let them think of the power of the individual author. If he were great it was immense; if he were ordinary it was considerable; if he were weak it was something, But if they bore in mind the power of authors as a class, it was nothing compared with that of every other profession. That society existed for the purpose of giving authors as a body the influence and the power which were their due. The society was not wrong in making a sound financial basis one of the first objects of its labours. The present year had been one of unbroken progress. They now numbered no fewer than 780 members, and they had experienced the sincerest form of flattery—they were beginning to be copied. There had been established in America an authors’ society similar to their own. They had the pleasure of having as their guest that THE evening the distinguished American novelist, Mr. Stockton, who had been active in promoting that society. During the past year they had lost some members, and he could not omit in this connection to recall the names of Lord Lytton, whom they all looked upon as a brother, and of Mr. Lowell, who took part in the earlier meetings of the society. It was true that men of science wrote a great deal. The list was numerous, but he doubted whether they were authors in the same sense in which one spoke of novelists, of poets, of historians, and of those who wrote those short outbursts of literature called essays, or by some persons trials. He would venture to suggest that they did not belong to the regular army of authors, and that at most they were volunteers. For there was one very marked distinction between men of science and other authors. The latter were paid for their labours, or expected to be paid. Men of science did not often expect to be paid; they had to pay. He wondered whether any of them ever went to the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He had been there, and had observed that the reporters of the newspapers, when any paper was being read that was not at all scientific, were very hard at work with their pens, which flew with enormous rapidity. But when any really scientific paper was read— and that did happen sometimes—they stopped ; and it was generally stated that “the remaining papers were of a strictly technical character.” Sometimes, however, a great writer appeared who combined literary gifts with a genius for scientific investigation ; and then such a work was pro- duced as “The Origin of Species.” (Loud cheers. ) The CHarrman next proposed the toast of “Science and Literature,” coupling with it the names of Sir Archibald Geikie, F.R.S., Mr. R. L. Nettleship, and Mr. Andrew Lang, who responded in turn. Mr. F. R. Srocxron, who was received with loud cheers, also replied to the toast at the in- vitation of the chairman. After speaking of the great demand in America for the works of English writers, he said that, though Americans wrote in the same language, they could never, he thought, expect to speak in the same language; at least he could not. He had a good many recollections of occasions which illustrated the truth of his statement. When he had called a cab, and had seated himself in it, he said to himself, ‘‘ The man who is driving me thinks, and says to himself, ‘the man inside here isan Ameri- can. Very likely in the course of his life he has bought a good many English books which have been pirated; and the authors of those books AUTHOR. 51 never received a cent. I will see what I can do to benefit myself at any rate where my fellow- citizens, the British authors, should have been benefited.’ ’’ When he got out of that cab he gave the man a shilling. The driver said ““Highteenpence.” He asked whether it was more than two miles from Charing-cross to Ludgate-hill. The driver looked at him and replied, “ Highteenpence.” He was impressed by the exceeding earnestness of the driver’s face, and he paid the sum demanded. They might regard that as an instance of retaliation. He thanked the company on behalf of American authors for the compliment they had received. (Cheers. ) The “ Health of the Chairman” followed. ele Tue “Times” on tHE Soctrerty. From the Times, June 1, 1892 :—“ Last night the Incorporated Society of Authors dined to- gether at the Holborn Restaurant, the chairman being Professor Michael Foster. Perhaps there is nothing remarkable in this bald announce- ment; but to any one who looks back for ten years upon the disjointed and disorganized con- dition in which literary men then were, and how their cliques and divisions seemed to make it impossible for them ever to combine, the news gives ground for reflection. It is something that a Society of Authors should have been well and truly incorporated, with a president and a com- mittee and a secretary, and, above all, a subscrip- tion list ; it is still more that it should have been already able to perform all that, by its mere existence and by taking action in a certain number of typical cases, this Society has per- formed. The vitality and comprehensiveness of the Society, of which Lord Tennyson is the president, were shown yesterday in more ways than one. In the first place, a man of science was in the chair, as though to show that, what- ever may be the higher relations between belles lettres and treatises on curves or nerves, authors have common interests, whether they write in symbols or in flowing periods. Again, the com- prehensiveness of the Society was shown by the presence of ladies at the dinner, which is more than has as yet been conceded by the Royal Academy. As to the speaking, none of it was quite so exhilarating as Mr. Corney Grain’s song ; but the chairman showed conclusively that a man of science might be amusing, and, thanks to an impromptu demand, the company was made happy by a speech from the author of “Rudder Grange.” The Society of Authors has not yet E2 52 had a long life, but it has done enough to make its value recognised and its power to a certain extent felt. This youngest of trade unions was as necessary as any other union; more 80, indeed, than almost any other, since from the nature of the case an author is generally quite unacquainted with the ways in which his wares may best be brought before the public. What he does not understand, the publisher promises to manage for him, with the result that has often been described by pens that have been dipped in the gall of dis- appointment. That the Society has met a want is shown by the growth of its members, which now reach the large total of 780 or thereabouts ; and that it has done no great harm to the respectable publishers is shown by the consider- able number of new houses that have come into existence during the last few years, all expecting to live by issuing books. The real good that the Society has done, and continues to do, consists chiefly in putting the relations between the writer and his agent—for a publisher is nothing else— on a businesslike footing. The mystery which used to surround the trade of publishing has been invaded; the author has learnt that there is nothing in the book trade which he has not a right to know, and that he is just as much entitled to a fair and square agreement as if he were selling a house or a field or a parcel of rail- way shares. It may be said that many of the leading firms have always recognised this obliga- tion on their part; but the real difficulty with which young authors, especially women, have had to contend, is the existence of a number of unscrupulous houses which prey on their ignorance and simply rob them. Thanks to the publicity which the Society of Authors gives, these firms, which only flourish in the shade, have been much. less prosperous of late, and have tended to disappear altogether. Again, although that great but imperfect boon to the British author, the American Copyright Act, would never have been passed unless the American author and printer had wished for it, it is true to say that the existence of a representative body like the Society of Authors had no small influence upon its passing. Ina word, the Society does, or can do, most of the things that a trade union can do for its members. There is indeed only one thing that the public commonly associates with a trade union which the Society has not yet suggested or encouraged. It has not yet ordered an author’s strike. Perhaps, with a view of limiting the literary output, such an order, periodically issued, might not be an unmixed evil.” al a THE AUTHOR. PUBLISHERS’ EXPENSES. N that excellent paper the Critic of New York (May 14) there is a paragraph which embodies a fallacy constantly being re- peated. Yet it is a thing so patent that one is astonished to find anybody led away by the thing. It occurs in a column called the “Younger,” and is apparently written by a lady. After reproducing a little sum from the Author in which the respective shares of author, pub- lisher, and bookseller were set down under certain royalty arrangement, the author getting 24 cents (translated_ into Americanese), the bookseller 28 cents, and the publisher 36 cents. Then the “Lounger” intelligently remarks as follows :— There is an old saying that there are none so blind as those who won’t see. Mr. Besant is one of these blind men, for he won’t see that the 36 cents is not spent by the publisher in riotous living. Books are not manufactured and then stored away on the publisher’s shelves. They must be put into circulation to sell, and that is one of the heaviest of the publisher’s expenses, not to mention the little items of advertising, rent and salaries. I am always glad when an author makes money, but Iam not indignant when a publisher makes a little something. He takes great risks, much greater than an author would care to take, I fancy. No one, to begin with, is indignant when a publisher makes a “little something.” On the contrary, though the writer insinuates that we are indignant when the publisher gets his little something—poor, helpless lamb !—we are continually, whenever we speak on the subject, impressing upon everybody that the publisher must receive what is equitable for his services, and that these services are substantial. Next we are continually impressing upon people the truth—not evolved from imagination, but arrived at by seven years’ experience of the management of literary property—actual living experience— by agreements, letters, revelations, such as no single person can possess, and no other body of persons have ever attempted—that the (English) publisher, as a rule, never takes any risk at all. With the exception of a few houses which now and then do take a risk—there are no risks taken. By risk, I mean the chance of not getting back the small sum of money invested in the production of a book. This, I say, is not theorising or speculation—it is fact. Next, about this eighteen pence—this share of 36 cents. What does a publisher get paid for ? Is the book his book? Not at all, unless he buys it outright. It is the author’s property. Why is he to get anything out of it at allf Why is he to take any share in a work in whose creation ane AUTHOR. 53 he had no part ? For services rendered. He says: “T will publish your book. I must be paid so much for it.” Since he does not do everything himself, as John Ruskin’s publisher used to do, he must have his machinery. Are we to pay him first for his machinery and then for himself ? Certainly not. Do we pay the carrier so much for taking a parcel and so much more for the cart and horse? Do we pay the lawyer so much for his work and so much more for his rent and his clerks, and the red tape and the ink? In busi- ness of all kinds the machinery does not count. If it is too expensive it can be cut down. The first carrier was a messenger who carried parcels under his arm. Then he started his cart. But he was paid no more for his cart. That is exactly the position of the publisher. And that is the common sense of the matter. It is only a question of the proportion which is justly due to the publisher. W. B. PRESS COPIES. Ss N the subject of Press copies our correspon- dent, H. Haes, returns to the charge. He proposes that if books are sent for review, those which are reviewed shall be paid for, and those which are not reviewed shall be sent. back. He thinks that by asking for a review the author sacrifices his own dignity. He also says that reviews of books are of interest to readers, other- wise they would not appear. His letter will be read with much interest, and may give rise to not a little discussion. Another way of putting the question, however, is this: An author desires, above all things, to get a hearing. How is he to do this? How is he to get people to ask for his books at the libraries, the shops, and the stalls? He may advertise in the papers—keep on advertising— which is extremely costly ; he may send the book for review, and trust not only to the favourable review, but also for a more telling advertisement, containing that favourable review. Lastly, he may trust to the book making its own way by being talked about. The last, when once it happens to a fortunate author, causes his book to run swiftly to the uttermost corners of the globe, Still another way of putting it is as was attempted in'August of last year. The passage was as follows (Author, August, 1891, p. 94) :— “Unless the Editor were supplied with copies of new books he and all authors would be at the mercy of the critic, who wonld go round the world of letters and the outer offices of publishers, begging and extorting books on the promise of a favourable review. This would be a tyranny unendurable. It may be said that a gentleman could not do such things. If the reviewer had to cadge about in order to find his own copies for review, very few gentlemen would be left in the profession. The extortion of books under promise of a favourable notice is sometimes done even now. Here followeth fact. There was a man, about twenty years ago, a clergyman and the lecturer for a well-known society, who persuaded a certain geographer that he was a great man on the London press, and actually got from him a parcel of atlases, maps, and books on a promise of favourable notices. He wrote no notices and he sold the parcel for £25.” The distribution of press copies is certainly a thing that requires prudence, and some knowledge of the position of newspapers. Some publishers pitchfork copies of books in all directions with- out asking what kind of notice, whether favour- able or unfavourable, they are going to get. If, for instance, one knows beforehand that one will have a notice of three lines among a batch, and that the chances are three to one that it will be a spiteful notice, what earthly reason exists for wasting a copy worth so much good money upon such a paper? This department of the publishing business requires very careful overhauling. Another thing may be noted. A book is not necessarily open to criticism because it is pub- lished. If a copy is sent for review, the author must take whatever is given him, good or bad. He can only complain when the review misrepre- sents or falsifies his work. On the other hand, if he refuses a copy toacertain paper, and that paper abuses his work, it is as if one should say of a baker that his bread is adulterated, or of a doctor that he is a quack. An action for libel might certainly be brought, and would probably prove successful. Considering all these points, it certainly seems that the present system needs modification only in certain omissions. Where the reviews are inadequate, contemptuous, or spiteful, the books should be withheld. In the good time coming, when authors will take a more personal share in the conduct of their business, they will stipulate beforehand the papers which are to receive the copies. ee 54 THE THE AMERICAN SOCIETIES. Two Rrvau Socrerrss. \ | ENTION has already been made of the existence of two American associations, one called the Society of Authors; the other, the Association of American Authors. The former, of which Mrs. Katherine Hodges is secretary, was founded about a yearago. The latter, of which Mr. Todd is secretary, was founded early this year. The aims and objects of the two societies are identically the same; the prospectus of the latter appears to be based upon that of the former. The headquarters of both seem to be New York. The membership of the former is 200; that of the latter is not known. The former has many branches scattered about the country; notably one at Washington, which has recently celebrated its birth by a_ great function. The latter numbers among its members Mr. W. D. Howells. All this is perhaps to be lamented ; if, however, there should be found support sufficient for the maintenance of two distinct societies, they might possibly do good to each other by an honourable rivalry. It would ill become us to attempt any interference or advice with our American brethren. But, this, at least, may be said. The interests at stake should be considered before all other points. Surely Mr. Howells and other American leaders might be trusted to know how these interests can best be served. The most prominent names of the younger society are Col. Higginson, Miriam Conway, A. W. O. Howells, Dudley Warner, and Mrs. Moulton. Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes is reported to be a well wisher to the second society. Tur AmERICAN PROSPECTUS. Tux following is the original prospectus of the second society. “The undersigned, believing that the interests of American authors and literature demand the organisation of a society of American authors on the same basis as the very successful English and French societies, invite you to meet at the Berkeley Lyceum, 23, West 44th-street, New York, on May 18, at 12 m., to organise a society of ‘American Authors,’ of which all literary workers, both men and women, may become members, with annual dues not exceeding 5 dols., and having these general objects :— “rst. To promote sociality and a professional spirit among authors. “ and. To settle disputes between authors and AUTHOR. publishers, by arbitration, or by an appeal to the courts. “2rd. To advise authors as to the various methods of publishing, and see that their con- tracts are so drawn as to protect them in their legal rights. “ ath. To co-operate with publishers in bringing about better business methods between author and publisher. “sth. To secure minor reforms, such as an extension of copyright, carriage of literary pro- perty through the mail at the same rate as other merchandise, and in general to advance the interest of American authors and literature. “W. D. Howells, Thomas W. Higginson, Charles D. Warner, Moncure D. Conway, George W. Cable, Julian Hawthorne, James Grant Wilson, Charles Burr Todd.” General James Grant Wilson, on behalf of the Genealogical and Biographical Society, which controls the Lyceum, welcomed the members, and nominated Colonel T. W. Higginson as chairman of the meeting. The latter, in accepting, disclaimed any ill-feeling against publishers, and declared himself and his associates to be animated simply by a desire to protect authors. OUR ENEMIES. IL—A Lonpon Eprror. HERE has been another and quite a new iL set of charges invented against the society. This time by a writer calling himself “Qondon Editor” in the National Review. He formulates a curious collection of charges. Practi- cally, they may be reduced to one—that we are secretly purposing to make literature a “ close pro- fession” and to drive out of it all but ourselves. This is very funny. Malignity could hardly be more perverse. Last year we were charged with encouraging bad writers and increasing the output of bad books. This year we are accused of doing exactly the opposite. What does it mean—this continual and never-ending misrepresentation ? Tt means the wriggling of the man whose fraudulent and secret profits have been exposed. This exposure has touched his pockets. The great discovery of our real intentions is — presented very curiously by the writer of the article. The whole work of the society, says the discoverer, is to have a dinner once a year 5 to keep a watch on fraudulent publishers, and to keep new comers out of literature. The second, he rays, has been so well done that — foe AUTHOR. 55 publishing is now as honest a trade as any. There - remains the third. Now, supposing it to be true—which is not the » case—that we have been so successful as to con- » vert the dishonest to ways of honesty—the temp- ‘station to dishonesty would still remain. The i property whose interests we defend would still remain, and the defence would be still a necessary. The society would have to remain. But itis a special note of those who write articles and paragraphs against the society that they never allow the existence of literary pro- spects. Hither they do not know that there is such a thing, or they are silent for interested reasons. We have called attention to this vast interest # im paper after paper. Weshall continue to do so. We will do more. We will attempt to obtain sifigures which shall give some approximation to | the reality of the property in question. As regards the stuff about a “close profes- sion,” we need not waste time over it. Two points sonly need be mentioned. In his haste to pick up » stones the writer makes one most unfortunate little ‘mistake which betrays his animus. He says that vhe has been “conning the long list of its »members.” Of course he imagined, when he made that statement, that there must be such a “list available for everybody. Now, there is no wsuch list at all. The last list of the members was printed four or five years ago, when there » were only 200 or so. Weare now 800. The only 4 list is in the hands of the secretary, who shows it © to no one, The second point is an assertion made in the “last page but one of the article. It is that “people “are ceasing to buy books because books "are generally bad.” The exact opposite is the “truth. Whether books are good or bad, people * are buying them more and more. The trade increases daily ; new publishers are always * coming into the field. And this fact is quite “consistent with the other statement which the ‘writer advances, viz., that journalism is more “and more attracting the brightest intellect of the 1% day. & II.—A Boston Enemy. The American Society—or Societies, if there ‘tare still two—is attracting quite the same sort of »‘ treatment and criticism that we have ourselves received. First, itis anew thing, therefore absurd. Secondly, nobody wants it; and the members ‘fouly number so many. Such and such a great ®©man is uot a member ; therefore it is not wanted. * Thirdly, it is not practical; therefore it is not wanted. Fourthly, no author of weight has any real grievance against the better class of American publishers. We know all these arguments. The last, especially, used to be very commonly used over here, but it is used no longer. One might just as well say that there are no pickpockets in Oxford-street, therefore policemen may as well be abolished. The real argument for the foundation of such a society—that literary property is an enormous interest, that it belongs to the creators, that it must be defended on the behalf of the creators—is not met or even alluded to. aa ee NOTES AND NEWS. UT of our Sixty Minor Poets we have lost one whom we would fain have kept with us. The author of “ Ionica”’ is dead. It was but yesterday that the little book appeared which made him known to all of us. His first volume, however, had come out in 1858. The second—our friend —of 1891, was a reprint of the former, with additions. He lived in a small house at Hamp- stead, very near my own; yet I have never met or spoken to him. And now, alas! I never shall, for he is dead. In his own words, in “ Heraclitus :”’ And now that thou art lying, my dear old Carian guest, A handful of grey ashes, long, long ago at rest, Still are thy pleasant voices, thy nightingales, awake, For Death he taketh all away, but these he cannot take. We have William Cory’s nightingales. There is an eloquent and graceful tribute to his memory in the Speaker of June 18. In a reported interview Mr. Grant Allen is reported to have said, in speaking of the material rewards of literature, that I ‘make a great deal” of the fifty modern English writers whose incomes are over a thousand pounds a year. This is a little misapprehension. I do not make much of the fact, nor do I glory in it, nor do I see in it any special recommendation to the literary career, seeing that in any other profession that man succeeds poorly indeed who cannot make an income of a thousand. But the fact was stated in order to do something—if only a little—to lessen the contempt in which the profession of letters—as a profession—lies. Fifty people in it, actually making each a thousand a year! As a matter of fact, there are more than fifty who do so. But the assertion was received at first with universal derision; everybody laughed 56 at it. Fifty authors with’ a thousand a year each! Authors! Fancy, authors! Ludicrous! Impossible! There was not, everybody felt, so much in the whole trade. Even when the truth is told it is a poorly paid profession. Even if an equitable arrangement were arrived at, once and for all, the great prizes would still be very few. Yet there seems little cause for lamentation over that. Since there are so few prizes there can be few prizemen; the mass of those who follow letters must either remain poor or they must follow some other pursuit. Let us assure them, if we can, of their independence and their self- respect. Then their poverty will be a com- paratively small evil. — Another literary monument is gone. Those who knew Grub-street—now Milton-street—will remember a quaint little square which stood on its western side. It was a poor kind of square, standing round a paved court; vehicles—except the coster’s barrow—could not enter there. The houses were small and mean; yet they had the eighteenth century air. The rest of the street was built up with vast warehouses. This alone remained of the glorious past. Into this corner had been driven the real associations of Grub- street. One knew every room in every house. In this starved Boyes; in this, Otway. Here two translators occupied one room, and shared one bed, one blanket, and one shirt. Johnson knew this square. Goldsmith often came here, when he had any money, to give it away among his poorer brothers. Very few of them went about the streets in complete absence of anxiety concerning the sheriff’s man and the Compter. Sunday was a day of relief. Here Smollett made the acquain- tance of my Lord Potatoe. The square was fragrant with the memories of the starveling bards. Sham travellers abounded here who had never been beyond Greenwich; Greek scholars who knew not the alphabet; essayists on polite society who never advanced beyond a sixpenny ordinary. But now the square is gone, and a great warehouse stands upon the spot. Grub-street is, indeed, no more. I hear that a young writer in a weekly paper speaks of the air being dark with the sky signs set up by the Society of Authors. Sky signs are illegal; does he mean that the action of the Society is illegal? Whether he means this or not does not matter. What he does mean, besides, is as plain as the biggest sky sign ever elevated above the roofs. Let us wait. When the time comes for the work of this young writer to be in request by the reading public—let us hope that it will be THE AUTHOR. in very large request and that the time will soon come—he will either be able to congratulate him- self on the sky signs which have kept him, as well as others, out of pitfalls and traps; or he will bemoan his unfortunate lot that, by neglect- ing these friendly sky signs, he has had to undergo the loss and humiliation—especially the latter—of being robbed without the power of redress. The man who really likes to feel that he has been fraudulently entreated is not known to exist. Let us note, meantime, that those who cry out the loudest upon the mercenary spirit shown in the resolution to safeguard literary property belong to one of four classes: Either they are those who as yet are too young to have any; or those who have gone through a life of failure without being able to acquire any; or those who think that literary property means a ten pound note; or those who desire vehemently to join in the plunder. Of these four classes the third is the noisiest and the most numerous. What is the good, they think, of talking about literary property? There is not any such thing; there can’t be any such thing. ‘“ Why,’ they say, “my own publisher could only give me ten pounds for my last book—and a book well reviewed, Sir —a book that sold 300 copies! Absurd!” An invitation has been sent to certain writing persons of this country—to myself among the rest—asking them to join in contributing to a memorial designed to celebrate, on the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America, the services rendered by Columbus to mankind. Hach contributor is to choose his own special topic. The subject means, in other words, the services rendered to mankind by the discovery of America. This is rather a large subject, and I, for one, have not felt able to comply with the invitation. The discovery has added sixty millions of those who speak the English language; if these sixty millions were allied by commercial and other bonds of brotherhood and friendship with our own thirty millions, there would be something worth rejoicing over, because the Anglo-Saxon race would then be absolutely master of the situation and impregnable. What country or combination of countries could stand against a federation already a hundred millions strong, and increasing with a rapidity previously unknown in history? But an English-speaking America, where no President can be elected until he has first insulted the English nation in order to catch the Irish vote, is not a country over which we can be expected to rejoice quite hearti'y. I shall wait for the 500th anniversary. By that time I hope to find the Irish question settled somehow, and THE AUTHOR. 57 the United States in firm alliance and brother- hood with ourselves. Ihave received a copy of the “ Book Review Index.” Apparently it is the first copy—Vol. 1., No. 1.—but no number appears in the title page. It consists, apart from a few notes of no great significance, of a list of books published during the last three months, each accompanied by an index to the papers which have noticed it. For instance. ALONE ON A WIDE WipE SzEa—By W. Clark Russell— (Chatto and Windus).—Glas. Her., 10 March; Athen., 19 March; Scot. Lead., 17 March; Man. Guar., 29 March; Scotsman, 14 March; Leeds Mer., 28 March; Sat. Rev., 2 April; Standard, 16 April; Nat. Obs., 2 April; Bookman, April; Spectator, 30 April; Acad., 14 May ; Morn. Post, 9 May; Novel Rev., April. Those writers, therefore, who desire to know where they have been reviewed may buy the Index and ascertain for themselves. In looking through the pages the question arises what books have been most reviewed during the quarter? The answer to this question does not prove more or less popularity, because publishers vary in their practice of sending out books for review. The following results, however, are not without interest: Lord Tennyson’s “The Foresters,” heads the lists with 82 reviews; Rudyard Kip- ling’s “ Barrack Room Ballads” follows with 49 reviews; ‘after him comes Owen Meredith’s “March” Edwin Arnold’s “ Potiphar’s Wife,” and Charles Booth’s “‘ Temperance,” and “ Faces and Places” by H. W. Lucy, each with about 40 reviews; and then a whole shower of books each with its 30 reviews. Some of them are quite unknown books. Now those who want to see the reviews would have to buy this Index first, write next to all the papers to order a copy and pay for each copy. Thus one of those which had forty reviews would have to pay forty pence for posting letters with 7s. enclosed for copies, and 6d. for the Index. That is to say, it would cost him half-a-guinea for getting his reviews with all the trouble of writing and collecting. Now the ordinary service of cuttings would cost him only a guinea for a hundred slips, and at no trouble to himself. A paragraph appears in the Publishers’ Circular quoting at second-hand certain remarks attributed to Mr. Gosse on the modern novel. He is reported to have said that “in the old days the novelist was not a professional writer, but a man of affairs who turned aside to amuse himself by weaving romance. But now it isa continual, professional, VoL. III. commercial grinding out of novels-—a never ending flow of rubbish.” If Mr. Gosse said this, he talked rubbish. It would be a fair and logical conclusion to say—therefore Mr. Gosse did not say this. But, perhaps, with some softening, some exceptions offered in an unquoted context, he said something to the effect that a good deal of “commercial grinding” goes on. That is quite true. ‘Commercial grinding” always goes on whenever the article produced has a commercial value. The ‘commercial grinding” of magazine articles, for instant, is incessant. The only way to stop “commercial grinding” is to stop the commercial value, not only of novels, but of every other form of literature. But to brand the modern novel en bloc, as the production of a “continual, professional, commercial grinding ”’ would be monstrous and preposterous. As for the novelist having been at any time a man of affairs “ who turned aside to amuse himself by weaving romance ”’—when was that?— Were Defoe, Fielding, Smollett, Goldsmith, Scott, Dickens, Thackeray, Wilkie Collins, Reade, George [liot, men of affairs who occasionally turned aside to amuse themselves by weaving romance? Or even, to go to other countries, were Hawthorne, George Sand, Balzac, Dumas, men of affairs who occasionally, &e.? If the editor of the Publishers’ Circular had asked himself these simple questions, he would not have been so ready to cry out upon the wares upon which his clients and supporters grow rich. For my own part, whenever—which .is every other day—I see these sweeping charges made upon the modern novel, I always ardently desire to subject the critic to an examination in the very works which he thus ventures to denounce. His contempt for the modern novel would be found to be in exact proportion to his ignorance of the modern novel. In other words those who ery out the loudest against the modern novel are the people who read it the least. ————— > A modern novelist writing or the assumption that Mr. Gosse did really make these remarks, which I do not believe, says: ‘“‘ When there is nothing else to talk about, the editor of a maga- zine always puts in someone to have a fling at the novelists. Very well; it shows the attention paid to the novel. But their attentions sometimes prove a little too pressing. Could not the editor,” my correspondent adds, “occasionally take a turn at the poets and the critics and the essay- ists’ There are many novelists who would be pleased to give a little consideration to the practitioners in these branches, if only out of gratitude for kindness showed to themselves ; and, really, fair play seems to demand that the modern. EF 58 poets, too, should receive a portion of the love and admiration which they lavish upon the modern novelists.” The Speaker questions my contention that there is no genius at this moment who is starv- ing. He asks, with the careless inaccuracy which is now so common in paragraph writing, “ What does Mr. Besant mean by ‘real genius?’”” Now, I did not use the word real. I said “ genius ” without the adjective “real” at all. I also said that there were no applications at the Royal Literary Fund when I was a trustee from men or women of “literary position.” Now, says the Speaker, of course there were not, because “literary position”? means an income. My point, exactly—an income from literature means literary position ; if you have genius you very soon get that income. Then he goes on tosay: “ By ‘ real genius’ he implies apparently ‘ successful genius ; ’ if you have a bank account, you are a ‘real genius,’ if not, you are an ‘unfortunate man of _letters.’” Quite so. Put an adjective which he did not use into the mouth of a speaker and then you can make a man talk any rubbish you like. Again, therefore, I repeat. While I was on the council of the Royal Literary Fund there were many applications from men and women who were unfortunate men and women of letters. There was never one from any person, man or woman, who had done good work. I speak of two years only, and give this experience for what it is worth. Never once was there an application from any man or woman who had done good work. From which and from other information I infer that the world is swift to recognise good work. Well, “but,” it may be objected ; “ what about poetry ?” The world does not buy poetry. Poets—minor poets—do not try to live by their verses. Happily, that phase of starved literature has vanished. The unfortunates are chiefly unsuc- cessful novelists, about whom a great deal might be written, and the unlucky tribe of those who live by compiling books. ‘This is a tribe growing rapidly smaller, because, first, journalism offers much greater attractions, and because the made- up books—books which nobody wants — are becoming more and more discredited. A man who will turn you out a volume on Arctic Dis- covery, having never seen an iceberg; or a book on Malay lands, having never seen the Narrow Seas ; or a History of Japan, having never been there; is rapidly finding that the man who has experienced the pleasure of Arctic discovery, or has lived among the Malays, or knows Japan and THE AUTHOR. the Japs, has cut him out altogether. I do not say that the Fund has not often relieved the wants of good men. I only say that the condi- tions of things are changed, and that those who now apply are unfortunate because they are failures. A publisher sends me a delightful little corre- spondence. A young aspirant placed in his hands last yeara MS. which he refused to publish. The young author, after the manner of most young authors, could not possibly accept the decision of the publisher. The man was prejudiced; the man did not know his own interest ; the man was a fool to refuse sucha splendid thing. Therefore, the author published the book himself, and paid for it. He now writes to tell the publisher that he has sold exactly twelve copies, and has about 2000 copies on his own hands. What does the society advise ? Never, never, NEVER pay for the produc- tion of your work. Young author, you well pay for it. You cannot believe that no one wauts your work. You will pay—you will learn by experience. The books of the month are Stevenson’s “Wrecker,” and William Black’s “ Magic Ink.” WaLtER BuEsant. eS FEUILLETON. Tue AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN ARTICLE. AM an Article. I consist entirely of words: | twelve thousand wordsare used up in making me. Hach word contains so many letters. In an average of six letters to a word—the author of my being uses a good many long and Latin words —I have used up seventy-two thousand letters. I do not state this with any boastfulness, but that you may know and understand that I am a long and a serious Article. I was brought into the world about three years ago. My birth, I have been told, was difficult, long, and painful. The sufferer, on many occa- sions during the long agony of travail, declared that I should_be the death of him; that he should never get me finished; that he wished he had never thought of me; that if he had known what a trouble I should be he never would have thought of me; that no one knew the sufferings of one who brought forth an Article ; that if men only did know, nobody would undertake the trouble- some andaccursed task of literature or production of Articles: with much more to the same effect. But the moment his’ Article—I myself—was born, he THE AUTHOR. 59 began to frisk and frolic, to dance and prance about the room, patting me—the Article—ten- derly, saying that there never was such an Article known since the world began; that there was the reputation of a lifetime in that Article; with many other extravagances common, I believe, to mothers with tender infants, hens who have just laid an egg, and authors with their newly- produced articles. I was a very sober, steady, even solemn, Article. I bristled with figures, statistics, and quotations. Acts of Parliament were considered in my pages. There can be no doubt that I was an Article demanding patient attention. Not one of your flippant, humorous, comic papers; not written to make the world laugh; but to make grave and serious statesmen ponder and consider. I had reason to be proud of myself; in fact I was proud of myself. Not only was I a sober and serious article, but I was written out, in a legible and beautiful hand, upon thick and costly paper. It was easy to see from my externals alone that Iwas an Article of which the author was justly proud—a noble Article—an aristocrat among Articles. My parent, after a careful survey of the various magazines then before the public, resolved, first, that he would not allow any American journal to have me—British by birth, British I should remain in the magazine where I was to appear. Hetherefore forwarded me toa shilling magazine called Burdock’s, after the illustrious Burdock, publisher, who owns that organ. The reasons which influenced him were, first, the fact that the magazine was comparatively new, and therefore presumably not so overladen with papers as some others; and next, a je ne seas quot of profundity, or gravity, peculiar to that organ. Nothing frivolous had, so far, been seen in this paper. Accordingly the author of my being sent me on to Burdoch’s. It was my first journey. The editor took me out of my wrappings and banged me on the table. I observed that there were many other MSS. lying about before him. He looked at the title—my title—all of my kind enjoy a title—and then he turned over the pages and looked at the signature. He thought a little and then he wrote in the corner at the right hand of the left page three mysterious letters— “U. B.D.” This done he tossed the MS. aside, and took up another, which he also tossed aside, Presently a boy came in and picked up the papers. He glanced at the letters in the corner and carried away all which lay in the same pile. I know not what he did to the others, but as regards myself he rubbed out the letters with a piece of greasy indiarubber, which left an indelible stain on the white paper; he then filled up a printed form which stated that the subject of the article was not suited to the pages of Burdockh’s Maga- zine, and that the editor sent it back with thanks. He then tied me up—his fingers were at once greasy and inky and muddy—and when I returned home my condition had already altered greatly for the worse. My parent received me with strong words. He cursed Burdock’s; he wished it might never prosper; he wished it might die; he read one of the cursing psalms over it. When this had calmed him he sat down and wrote to the editor of the Marlborough, offering a paper on the subject—my subject. Next day the editor replied on a printed form, that he was unfortunately too full to admit any new articles for the moment. My parent, a choleric young man, used the same language concerning the Marlborough as he had used concerning Burdock’s. Only he ab- stained from reading the cursing psalm. He also wrote off, the same day, to the editor of the Berkeley, who answered promptly, on a printed form, to the same effect. It appeared, in fact, as if nobody wanted me— nobody—wanted—Me! This was incredible. My parent tried three or four more editors with a similar result in every case. Their space was completely full; they could accept no more paper for the present. At last, however, a more favourable reply came. This editor liked the subject and would willingly read the paper. I was sent to him. This editor turned over the pages carelessly and then wrote a note. Hesaid that the paper pleased him very much, but that he thought it should receive a little hghter treatment ; something of the sportive vein; a touch of the humorous should be introduced. If the author would do this, the editor would gladly publish the article. The author received his MS. back again. Heavens! how grimy I was beginning to get already. But this was nothing compared with what followed. For my parent began to cut me to pieces ; he took out the stately Acts of Parlia- ment; he suppressed quantities of the most beautiful figures; and he put in comic anec- dotes. Thus disfigured and with the loss of all my original nobility, I went back to the editor. What follows is a bad dream to me whenever I think of it. For he put me on a shelf; ona high shelf in a dark and dirty room where gas was burned all day long, and where they used bad coal in a bad grate, the dust of which flew about all day, got down the throats of the office boys and killed them swiftly, and covered up all the 60 hopeless MSS. My editor put me up there and left me there, and forgot me there. I lay there a year—forgotten by everybody, even by my parent, who by this time had other children to look after. I was quite forgotten. I lay there helpless, wondering why I had been born at all; why any of my companions had been born ; hidden below an inch of black dry dust, that got between the leaves and made me grimy through and through. One day the editor looked in. “ What are these?” he asked. “Take them down and send them back to their authors. No! T shall write nothing. Least said soonest mended. The writers will come along to-morrow with more stuff just the same. I shan’t make any apology to any of the crew.” So I returned again tomy parent. Nowin my absence a thing had happened. The very points advocated by him in Me had been advocated by a great statesman. He, therefore, took me again in hand, wiped off as much as he could of the grime, took out the funny things and put back the figures. ‘ Now,” he said, when he had added a clean title page—upon my word the wash and the clean title page was as refreshing as a bath and a clean shirt to a man— we will try them all over again.” He sent me once more to Burdock’s. This time the editor, who had entirely forgotten the previous rejection, looked me through and sent me to the printers. The author corrected the proof. “Now,” I said, ‘I shall surely come out.” I waited—in a drawer this time—for six months. Then another thing happened, for an Act of Parliament was passed embodying all the suggestions. The author wrote to the editor asking how long he was to wait. The editor sent me back for alterations. Again I was pulled to pieces and rewritten. Then I came out at last. Two years anda half since I was first sent in. What attention I received on my appearance I know not. No Article ever knows. It must have been great, though, because Burdock’s died that very month. Burdock’s was killed by Me! oe NOTES FROM PARIS. N returning to Paris from fooling round on a bicycle in some of the prettiest country imaginable, I find on my bureau table a volume of 636 pages, on the fly-leaf of which is a dedication in autograph from “son devoué con- frére, Emile Zola.” This is the long-waited-for THE AUTHOR. “La Débicle,” by far, the most important work that the great master has yet put forth. It is not my place to criticise this extraordimary and epoch- making novel which should certainly be read by everybody who has any interest in literature, and I accordingly content myself by subjoining the descriptive notice, which the amiable publishers Messrs. Charpentier and Fasquelle, enclose in each press-copy, with a priére d’insérer. It gives a brief description of the work, as well as certain indications of the enormous success that this book | is destined to achieve. “ Jamais un livre d’Emile Zola n’a été aussi im- patiemment attendu que ‘La Débacle,’ qui sous sa couverture jaune envahit depuis ce matin toutes les vitrines des libraires. “Son succts anticipé est tel, que le jour méme de la mise en vente, les éditeurs Charpentier et Fasquelle répandent dans le public, pour les seules demandes d’avance, soixante-six mille exemplaires. Cet engouement ne sera certes pas décu, car ’époque néfaste de 1870-71 a inspiré au Maitre une ceuvre grandiose et terrible, com- parable aux épopées antiques. Dans ce roman qui captivera également les femmes, l’auteur a choisi ses personnages principaux surtout parmi les plus humbles, ce qui rend plus frappants encore les tableaux de désorientation, de carnage, d’héroisme et de désolation décrits en des pages superbes. Malgré l’étendue inusitée de cette ceuvre, ‘La Débicle’ est contenue en un seul volume de la Bibliothéque-Charpentier.”’ To understand the familiar expression, dear alike to authors and to publishers, about a book “going off like hot cakes,’ one ought to stroll on the boulevards the day of the publication of one of Zola’s novels. Already early in the morn- ing the trottoir shelves of the booksellers are yellow with piles of copies—mountain-high—of the new work, and hour by hour these piles dwindle down, and are renewed by panting book- stall clerks. A new animation is given to the boulevards, and in every hand may be seen the yellow back, so that a new colour is given to the streets. An impressionist painter might make a very striking picture out of the subject, ‘‘ Paris on a Zola morning,” and for this he would need not much more than his tube of light yellow. Zola’s works are never packed up in paper and string, but carried off hastily, as for immediate consumption, and this, in the eyes of the book- sellers’ clerks, means far more as a sign of his immense popularity than the sale of ever so many thousands. The purchasers can’t wait till they get home to have a taste, and even to-day I saw tardy buyers walking down the streets turn- THE AUTHOR. ing over the leaves. ‘‘ La Débacle” is not, how- ever, a book to be so lightly read. It is a work for the study. Professor Minto prefaces a highly interesting account of the earnings realised by various authors of the past, which appeared in a recent number of the Speaker, with a good-humoured criticism of my “ inconsistency ” in blaming the habit of speaking about authors’ incomes and earnings which certain journals indulge in, in the same number of the Author in which I had given certain particulars about the remuneration earned by a number of noted French authors. It does look inconsistent to be sure, but, at the same time, is not the Author entre nous, and may we not talk about our own affairs between our- selves? If this is not a good excuse, I may pos- sibly defend myself that the incriminated para- graph was perhaps the outcome of the anger of the Author Jekyll against the Journalistic Hyde. Jekyll might very justly be incensed at Hyde for not holding his tongue, because the author and the journalist by their very natures work on different lines. The journalist must say every- thing, whilst with the author ne pas tout dire still remains the great art. Apropos of authors and journalists, I was rather amused at reading in a recent American magazine an article by a_ well-known lady novelist in which writing about the “ Penalty of Greatness” she animadverted, in no measured language, on the custom of interviewing, which she described as a nuisance, an impertinence, and so forth. She added something about the “great writer being forced to divulge his private affairs to the newspaper hack.” It is high time that writers of books should cease their de haut en bas ways, their sneering little ways towards their con- fréres of the press. There is far more good writing in the daily press than in all but very few novels, and it is beyond dispute that a leader by such men as Sala and Lang, not to mention many other names, shows as much literary skill and artistic sense as many pages in the best con- temporary fiction. And as to hacks this term is foolishly inappropriate as applied to writers for the Press, inasmuch as most journalists make far better incomes and have a much higher and older time of it than all but very few writers of books. Many men who would make very good writers of books prefer to remain journalists because their talents lie in quick work and their hankerings are after quick returns. Some, doubtless, also prefer the immeasurably larger public that the news- paper as compared to the volume assures them, 61 A good article is far more read and far more noticed by the larger public than nearly any book, ——+ >—__~ “The great. writer” by the way is almost in- variably delighted to see the newspaper hack and to shovel out his experiences and opinions for his purpose. Zola, for instance, or Daudet, or Rénan can always be interviewed at any length, and the same may be said of almost all French writers. Poor De Maupassant, on the other hand, invari- ably refused to be interviewed.” The journalist Hyde, maugre the author Jekyll, wants to give a few more particulars about the earnings of the writers of the roman- Jeuilleton which have come his way since last month. Jules Mary, for instance, makes his 60,000 frances with one of his thrillers, and in this way. His price for the use of a serial by a paper is 30,000 francs. The publishers who bring the story out in penny parts after its appearance in the paper pay him for such use a further sum of 25,000 francs. The book is then published in volume form, which brings in the balance of 5000 franes. Besides these sums he always turns a pretty additional penny by authorising its reproduction in the country newspapers. M. D’Ennery charges fifteen pence a line for his feuilletons, but prefers dramatic work. His novel, “An Angel’s Remorse,” brought him 70,000 francs. De Montépm also works “A la ligne” and makes 70,000 frances a year with one novel. Times have changed since the days when the editor .of La Constitutionel was thought to be going out of his mind when he paid Eugene Sue 6000 francs for the serial rights of “ Les Mystéres de Paris.” <I Richebourg, who is still one of the most succes- ful feuilletonists, was originally employed as a clerk in the offices of the “ Societé des Gens de Lettres.” His duty was to make up the author’s accounts with the provincial papers, and to pay over the large sum to which the members were entitled. He was paid for this work £80 a year. One day, struck by the large profits which the feuilletonists seemed to earn, he began reading some of ths feuilletons, for which he had paid over such large sum-. It then struck him that he could write as good stuff if not a jolly sight better. He tried it, succeeded, and in a very short time had increased his income thirty- fold. He is now a millionaire and has shed more blood in and caused more tears to flow over his pages than perhaps any living writer. 62 Jean Moréas, who by many is considered the first poet in France, is one of the most curious personalities in contemporary French literature. Of arestless temperament, he is constantly moving his chattels from one quarter of the town to another. I bave found him on the heights of Montmartre, and in remote Montrouge. Asa rule he is very mysterious about his address, and, being irrevocably noctambulist, is very rarely seen except at nights. He was the founder of the Symbolist school of poetry, and is now engaged in forming the Ecole Romane, the members of which are recruited amongst the dissidents fiom the former School, which was split into parties by the quarrels provoked by Huret's book on the literary movement in France. Moréas may sometimes be seen between the hours of ten o’clock and four in the mornmg, either walking the Boulevard St. Michael or sitting in some little frequented marchand de vin’s shop. His three or four disciples are always with him, and itis interesting to see how they hang upon his lips. Moréas is a thorough poet, and, as he walks along with his eyeglass fixed, he mutters his rhymes aloud. He publishes very rarely, and only after long elabo- ration His books, which are published in very small editions, are out of print, and copies fetch phenomenal prices. He is an excellent swordsman and has great personal courage. Iwas his second in one of his duels against Darzens, and really adwired the pluck with which he fought during an hour and a half. Rosert H. SHERARD. Paris, June 24. eae SONNET. ON HEARING A FRIEND PLAYING REMINISCENCES OF WAGNER. Hark! in my soul, how those sweet concords flow ; Liquid and clear; like tardy summer rain, That drops—and stays—then hurries down again, The while soft winds begin to stir, and blow. I seem to see, beneath the still moonlight A Rhineland town; and, by some ancient tower, Two lovers who have known foul envy’s power Fled for communion in the quiet night. But all too fast the trancéd moments fly ;— They must not linger, murmuring heart to heart ; They hear the watchman’s solemn measured cry ; Yet cannot tear those passionate lips apart. The deep toned tower clock tolls the hour supreme, And music dies on love’s enraptured dream. Ziretua F. TomKIns. Acton, 1892. sree THE AUTHOR. WOMEN IN JOURNALISM. with modern journalism is the rapidity with which women have pressed into its ranks during the last ten years. When, a few months ago, the idea of a club for women journalists was promulgated, even its promoters felt some doubt as to whether there were a sufficient number of women engaged in newspaper work to make such an institution financially possible. But such fears were dissipated within a month of the time that the idea found articulate expression; and at this moment the Writers’ Club (within less than a year of its foundation) is a flourishing concern, with some hundreds of members, all of whom are engaged in literary, and the majority in newspaper work. These numbers constitute a sufficiently startling fact when we remember that journalism as a pro- fession for women is only a thing of yesterday; and in that consideration of it two aspects immediately present themselves to 2 thoughtful person :— (1.) Is the effect produced on journalism by this invasion of women a salutary one ? (2.) Is journalism a desirable method for women to earn their living ? With regard to the first question the answer must necessarily be of a cautious character, and will to a great extent depend upon the attitude taken up towards modern newspaper literature by the individual who answers it. Those who look upon the present condition of the press with unalloyed satisfaction, and those who consistently maintain in the face of anything in the way of proof or evidence that the influence of women in journalism, as in everything else, is necessarily a good one, will probably regard the situation from the optimistic point of view only. Those, how- ever, who prize that vigour and virility of senti- ment and writing which characterises the best masculine pens ; who deplore the personalities, gossip, and feminine tone which find so prominent a place in many of the papers; who value style and scholarship and humour, all of which stand a chance of being neglected if not lost, will see reason for regret that so. much of the literature of the day is written by women. Nowhere, in the opinion of the present writer, can this deteriorating and demoralising influence be seen to better advantage than in the society papers, which, however, it is only just to say are as much read by men as by women. There area large number of so-called high class society periodicals, the greater part of which con- sists of the vulgarest gossip and personalities N | OT the least striking feature in connection Ave > ibe a ia THE AUTHOR. 63 about the conversation, mode of life, and move- ments of persons who are in no sense of the word “‘ public ;’ who have distinguished themselves in no legitimate way, and often in no way at all outside existing; and whose “smartness,” or fastness, or money alone, make them the object of this rubbishing tittle-tattle. Whilst, however, a good portion of this literature is as harmless as it is stupid, the same cannot be said of the very latest development of feminine enterprise in the press, which seems likely to have a flourishing existence before it. This takes the form of a “lady’s letter,’ and is written ostensibly by a lady of fashion whose fastness not only goes to the verge of disreputability, but some way beyond it. She purports to give an account of her week’s doings, which generally include visits to music halls and other places not usually considered classic ground for decent women. Somewhere or other there is one “ Charlie’”’ or “ Jack ”’ in tow, and this accommodating husband invariably figures in the description so as to give the thing presumably an air of propriety. Let any im- partial person peruse some of this bare flippant worthless stuff now becoming so general, and ask himself whether it can have anything but a vicious effect on the brainless young persons (it is to be supposed they are young) who read it every week. But, even if these society papers are left out of account, it must be apparent to any one who has an intimate acquaintance with current newspaper literature, that the ewig weibliche strain is far too predominant, and that the hysterical and emasculate attitude taken up in some quarters on certain social and other ques- tions is a direct result of this feminine influence, Of course a large amount of respectable journalism is done by women, and is read by women; and the proof of this is to be found in the existence of so well written and ably conducted a paper as the Queen; and in the successful launching of the new paper for women, Hearth and Home, which has papers on purely literary topics written in excellent style. But (with the exception of a few individual women who have made their literary reputation elsewhere) the better sort of newspaper work, which includes leader writing, reviewing, and miscellaneous literary articles is not in the hands of women at all, whose main busi- ness is concerned with paragraphs and articles about social functions, the shops, fashions, cookery, home decoration, and reports of lectures, meetings, weddings, and so forth. To write successfully upon cookery and art decoration requires a certain amount of technical knowledge, and women who are well up in these subjects find a ready market and very good prices for Carried on legitimately their literary wares. —that is to say, without puffs and bribes—this seems a very suitable and desirable field for the action of the feminine pen. But—and this brings me to the second part of my inquiry—can much be said in praise of the work of the ordi- nary lady journalist, which involves the constant wear and tear of reporting, night work, severe physical strain; which necessitates, if she is to get on, an astounding exhibition of audacity and push, and which perpetually compels her to place her natural impulses of reserve and unaggressive- ness in the background, which includes the inter- viewing of persons who are not gentlemen, and the formation of promiscuous acquaintance ; and which, above all, forces her to write about worth- less trivialities, which, if she have any better sort of aspiration or literary taste, she heartily des- pises. As a set-off against these disadvantages, it must be admitted that a woman possessing but average intelligence and quickness (even if her education be of the most limited kind), can make a very fair living out of this sort of journalism; whilst a woman with moderate ability, with good education and a facile pen, and a quick eye, can make double the income earned by her scholarly sister who has graduated at Newnham, and become a high school teacher—which is only another way of stating that journalism is the one profes- sion, vocation, or trade, or whatever its enemies like to call it—in which the work of men and women is paid for at precisely the same prices. So far as I know, the real genuine life of the woman journalist has yet to be written, and would afford interesting and fresh ground for a female Thackeray, if she ever arises. What a pity it is that some enterprising Press lady does not herself give us her experiences, and “betray the secrets of the prison house.” We might then get a solution of the problem that has puzzled a good many of us, as to the reason that certain ladies, whose scholarship is as little evident as their shy- ness, are in the happy position of realising large incomes. A recipe given me by an artless and pretty young lady journalist, might be of some use to the future novelist : ‘ Oh, it’s quite easy to get heaps of work if the Editor ’s ‘gone on you.’”’ It must be remembered the speaker had charming eyes and lips, but how about the women who are not young or attractive? For them there is nothing but hard work, unflagging alertness, per- severance, and patience. If they have not sound nerves and good health, God help them! x YZ. 64 AUTHORS BY PROFESSION. (Reprinted from the Speaker by kind permission of Professor Minto.) The first man who is known to have called himself an “author by profession’? — ‘ book- seller’s drudge,” or “‘ Grub-street hack,” was the less dignified and more common designation— was one William Guthrie, who wrote for the Gentleman’s Magazine before and along with Samuel Johnson, and produced some historical works of considerable merit. “Sir,” said his great contemporary of him, “he is a man of parts. He has no great regu'ar fund of know- ledge; but by reading so long and writing so long, he no doubt has picked up a good deal.” But seeing that Guthrie eked out his income from the booksellers by soliciting and taking the pay of the Government, we had better leave him with this compliment. The Society of Authors would not be proud of him ; his modern analogue is to be found in the “reptile press’ of Germany. The first great “author by profession,” the first man who made a living by his writings and at the same time a classic reputation, was Samuel Johnson himself. His independent and practical spirit first put the profession or trade of author- ship on a sound footing, and substituted the capitalist for the patron. One of the letters recently published by Mr. Birkbeck Hill is a curious evidence of his business-like spirit. He writes to a correspondent and mentions various literary schemes suitable for “an inhabitant of Oxford.” But he adds: “I impart these designs to you in confidence, that what you do not make use of yourself shall revert to me uncommuni-’ cated to any other. The schemes of a writer are his property and his revenue, and therefore they must not be made common.” A prior claim might be made for Pope, on the strength of two lines in one of his “ Imitations of Horace ”’— “ But (thanks to Homer) since I live and thrive Indebted to no Prince or Peer alive.” Pope certainly made more money out of his books than Johnson. Johnson got ten guineas for his “ London,” and 1500 for his Dictionary, whereas Pope made 8000 out of his translations of Homer. But Pope held the profession of authorship in high disdain. He was what, on the analogy of “ gentleman-farmer,” might be called a “ gentle- man-author.” He professed to write for the passing of time and the improvement of man- kind. The first authenticated sale of copyright by an THE AUTHOR. author is commonly said to be Milton’s sale of “ Paradise Lost” to Simmons. But money had often passed between publisher and author long before this. Fuller, the witty author of “The Worthies,” avows as one of his objects in publishing, “which he is not ashamed publicly to profess,” “ to procure a moderate profit to him- self, in compensation of his pains.” “ Hitherto,” he boasts, no stationer hath lost by me.” He published, however, by subscription ; that is, he had to act as his own commercial traveller. This was under the Commonwealth: Fuller, a Royalist clergyman, was driven to seek some “honest profit” out of books by the troubles of the times. But a century earlier there were men who made their living, or part of their living, by books, and yet made a certain name for them- selves in literary history. They were not all so fortunate as Sir Thomas Elyot, the author of the “The Governour,’ who, when accused by his friends of “neglecting his profit” in writing books, mentioned this to his readers, and assured them that he desired only their “gentyll report and assistance agaynst them which do hate all thynges which please not their fantasyes.” There were others who felt moved to write, and yet were under the necessity of trying, like Fuller, to get some compensation for their pains. How was it done in the days before copyright developed into a marketable commodity? The printers were protected by royal privilege, and it would seem that our earliest men of letters, from soon after the introduction of printing, eked out a livelihood as correctors of the press. This was a recognised resort for the poor scholar. In the times of persecution under Mary, several of the Protestant refugees settled at Basle, and this, Strype tells us, they did “upon two reasons. One was because the people of that city were especially very kind and courteous unto such English as came thither for shelter; the other, because those that were of slenderer fortunes might have employment in the printing-houses there, the printers of Basil in this age having the reputation of exceeding all others in that art throughout Germany, for the exactness and elegancy of their printing. And they rather chose Englishmen for the overseers and cor- rectors of their presses, being noted for the most careful and diligent of all others. Whereby many poor scholars made a shift to subsist in these hard times.” One of these was John Foxe, the historian of the martyrs, who obtained employment with the printer Oporinus (Herbst), to whom he offered his services in what Strype calls “a handsome epistle,” “wherein he desired to be received by him into his service, and that he would vouchsafe LHE AOTHOR. 65 to be his learned patron, being one that would be content with a small salary.”’ Another early instance of the printer acting as learned patron is found in the case of Thomas Wilson, author of the first English treatises on logic and rhetoric. In the preface to his Logic (1552) he says :—“ Notwithstanding I must nedes confesse that the printer hereof, your Majestie’s Servaunt, provoked me firste hereunto, unto whome I have ever found myselfe greately beholdyng, not onely at my beyng in Cambridge, but also at al tymes els, when I most neded helpe.” This honourable printer was the famous Richard Grafton, of whom many creditable things are recorded in the chronicles of printing. Grafton’s partner in more than one of his enter- prises, notably in the printing of the New Testa- ment and the Bible, was Edward Whitchurch; and perhaps the very first authentic example of the author by profession was a “-ervant”? with Whitchurch, This was William Baldwin, an Oxford man. who lived by the press, not asa casual resource, or while waiting tor church pre- ferment, but till at least thirty years after taking his degree, his only other ascertained employment being some share in the preparation of entertain- ments for the Court. Baldwin is said to hive set up with his own hands the type of his metrical version of the Canticles ; but that, nevertheless, he held what might be called a good literary position is proved by his share in the “ Mirror for Magistrates.” When Wayland, a printer of Mary’s time, projected a continuation in English verse of Boccaccio’s “ De Casibus Virorum Illustrium,” it was to Baldwin he went with the idea; and the modest Baldwin, though he would not undertake the work single- handed, seems to have had no difficulty in getting men of note to work under his editorship. This is an interesting example of the early relations between authors and publishers. Caxton was often his own author; but he was soon followed by others wh:, though they could not write themselves, could see where there was an opening for talent. Ido not know of any instance where the printer has suggested his subject to a man of genius, and I rather doubt whether any such instance is tv be found; but the sagacious foresight of the printer has undoubtedly often been profitable in this way to authors of talent. Thomas Wilson is not the only author who has been “ greately beholdynge” to a publisher for a timely suggestion, though not a few may have found their employer, as Johnson found Cave, a “‘penurious paymaster.” This also was in the nature of things. W. Minto. CORRESPONDENCE. Ee Usrrut Booxs. Me I suggest that the very valuable list of books, useful to authors as works of reference, published in the Author, would have an enhanced value if those kind enough to submit the lists of their favourites would append price, which they would no doubt willingly do if you drew attention to the want of such information by others as well as J. D. Hurcrsson. <a iT, Dors tHe HicHer Literature Pay? Most phrases, in these days, are but shams. But if there should happen to be some truth in the phrase ‘‘ Republic of Letters,” I may, perhaps, be permitted to question, with Repub- lican freedom, certain dicta of our honoured editor. He “can see no ‘higher form’ of literature at all, unless it be poetry.” And philosophy—in which, of course, the whole round of the sciences is included—he declares to be, “so far as he can discover,” no higher a form of litera- ture than “essays, or biography, or fiction.” Literature, then, is to be judged by what it con- tributes to human amusement, not by what it contributes to human progress. And the essayists, and biographers, and novelists of, say, the last three hundred years, are all, as authors, on a level of equality with—if, indeed, considering the greater amount of amusement they have given, not ona much higher level than—such philoso- phers as Bacon and Newton, and Hobbes, and Locke, and Hume, and all the scientific dis- coverers put together down to Darwin and Spencer, classics though their chief works will certainly remain long after— Rudyards cease from kipling, And Haggards ride no more. I trust that I may be allowed to record my strong protest against judging literature, in the large sense of the word, by a standard so low as that which places “essays, and biography, and fiction” on a level with works m which the laws of the universe, and of man’s nature and history are being progressively revealed. Our editor is also certain that “the :eading public is wise enough and clever enough to dis- cover the great genius, and even the little genius, as soon as ever he appears.”” And in verification of this assertion, he “instances Messrs. Stevenson, 66 Rudyard Kipling, and J.M. Barrie.” That such a thing exists as philosophic and scientific genius, as distinguished from the sort of genius that “the reading public can discern as soon as ever it appears,” is not recognised by oureditor. Had it, indeed, been recognised, our editor’s contention in his “‘ Notes” for June could not have been main- tained for a moment. That contention is, that there 1s no possibility now, in the wide bounds of the Republic of Leiters, of the existence of such an unfortunate as ‘“‘a neglected anda starving genius.” Possibly this may be so, if the term “genius” is limited to those who have a genius for amusing. Butif the term is used in its larger, and indeed, ordinary sense, to include philosophic and scientific genius, I say that, under present conditions in this country, genius, if it takes up philosophy or science, will almost certainly en- counter both ‘‘ neglect and starvation,” if it is not, by private fortune, made independent of the discernment of ‘the wise and clever reading public.” For what are the facts? Not a single one of all the men of philosophic and scientific genius abovenamed or alluded to, could have pursued those philosophic and scientific researches which are the chief glory of English literature, had it not been for private fortune, or the aid of private friends. “If a man,’ says our editor, “is a writer of ‘solid’ literature, he is a professor or lecturer, a fellow of his college, a teacher of some kind.” Possibly, if it is very ‘“ solid literature,” this may be so. But if it is highly original literature, immensely advancing human thought, and hence social progress—yet, for that very reason, neither decorously dull, nor prettily “amusing ’’—the author of it, a Darwin, or a Spencer, for instance, will have no change of a professorship, and, if he is without private fortune, will have but the dire alternative of starvation, or abandonment of his work. Except; perhaps, he were a mathematician, hardly one of the great thinkers and discoverers, to whom English literature chiefly owes its place among literatures, was a professor, or would probably— notwithstanding “the wisdom, and cleverness, and quick discernment of the reading public ”»— have been allowed to become a professor. For consider these two significant facts : The late Lord Giffard, in 1887, bequeathed £80,000 to found, at the Scottish Universities, four Lectureship on Natural Theology, in nominat- ing to which he enjoined, in the most express language which it was possible to use, that these lectures should be made the means of stimulating the freest scientific discussion on religious sub- jects, even to the denial of the existence of a God, if that should be the conclusion of any mani- THE AUTHOR. festly earnest thinker. What has been the result? Not the encouragement of new thinkers, as intended by the testator, but an ampler endowment either of orthodox Christians or of men whose scientific opinions have been before the world for the last thirty years and more, and which are now, to say the least, very seriously questioned, if not altogether overthrown by the later results of scientific research. Or consider another fact, of which the reader will find fuller particulars in a paper by Lord Rayleigh, Sec. R. S., in Mature, 12th May, 1892. Nearly half a century ago (1845) the now received scientific theory of gases was anticipated by a Mr. J. J. Waterston. But his paper—now, at length, published by the Royal Society im full—was, at the time, reported on as nothing but nonsense, unfit even for reading before the Royal Society. “Little chance for such a genius of gaining his living as a ‘ professor.’ ”’ J. S. Sruart GLENNIE. [Granted the fact that scientific research does not by itself suffice to keep a man ; there remains the additional fact that this is recognised, and that no scientific man tries to live by research. So that there is no such thing as a scientific genius who is starving. I did not say that there could be no such thing, but that there is not, any more than there is a starving poet. I venture to reassert my claim that there is no kind of literature higher than another, unless it be poetry.—W. B.] III. ANOTHER SIDE. In the Author for April was a _ story— imagined of course—about a plain yuung writress —I use the adjective as we say “a plain man,” un homme moyen—who attained to constant publica-. tion and high pay by nobbling editors in a— what shall I say ?—physiological manner. It was a good story. Every story is good until another is told. And the teller of the other story in this case is “ Georges de Peyrebrune ” (whose legal status is Mme. Mathilde-Georgina-Hliza- beth de Judicis) in “Le Roman d’un Bas Bleu” (Ollendorff, 1892). This new novel is supposed to disclose the Confessions of another young littératrice who is by no means so plain and down- right as our own young person, and who declares that whenever a (French) journal or a review is. directed by men, no authoress can get anything inserted without “submitting to the exigencies of these gentlemen.” Is this the moment to quote our pseudo-Yorick, and say: “They order this matter better in France?” ‘That is not what THE AUTHOR. 67 Mile. Sylvere du Parclet says in this realistic novel. If we believe her, every (French) editor’s sanction is “the grotto of a satyr,” and the inter- views between Mlle. Sylvére and the autocrat of the grave and learned Revue des Universités, with his fine tawny beard and his inflammatory grey eyes, are of the most stirring actuality. Sylvére, of course, rises superior to the occasion, to all the occasions; but the depressing result is that virtue is her own and only reward, for the word goes about, and “no newspaper, no maga- zine, will accept anything more from her.” All she has to do is to disappear from literary life. But before doing so, she determines to have her revenge in writing this novel, of which the real authoress in the flesh is now—may one be indis- creet enough to stater—in her 46th year. She has written some sixteen successful books, several of which have passed through the Revue des Deux Mondes. One supposes la moralité, or shall we say the morality of all this, lies in the fact that neither story, neither the French nor the English, is true. Both can’t be, surely? TV. BopENSTEDT. Germany is not forgetful of her writers. The grave has hardly closed over her poet Frederich von Bodenstedt, when a committee is appointed in Wiesbaden, his home, to collect funds for a national memorial to the creator of Mirza Schaffy, the poet-philosopher. In the appeal sent forth from this committee is the note, that Bodenstedt will live in the minds of Ger mans of all shades of politics or thought; but, “a nation only honours itself when it shows itself thankful to its mind- heroes, even after the grave has received their mortal remains,’ Frederich von Bodenstedt had a marvellous knowledge of English literature; a list of his works on Shakespeare would fill a column of the Author, and in his last letter to me, he refers to the demand for a new edition of his translation of Shakespeare’s Sonnets; and I well remember, the last time I was with him in his study in Wiesbaden, his outburst of sarcasm and anger when a Halle Professor asked him his opinion as to the Bacon authorship of Shakes- peare. His powerful brain (he had an immense head) and abnormal memory made him a most interesting conversationalist ; but perhaps I may be allowed to speak of him more fully at another date. James Baxur. Vv. Press Copies. As, from a reference in this month’s issue of the Author to a letter of mine which appeared in the last August number, advocating the abolition of presentation copies of books to the press, it might appear that there are insurmountable objections to the proposal bemg carried out, I would like to be allowed to state my case again, and perhaps strengthen it in the light of further experience A journal is conducted for the profit of its owner. He does all he can to interest his readers, and enhance its circulation. Reviews of books are inserted because it is believed that they will interest the readers, and thereby assist the sale of the paper. Some books that are sent to be reviewed are not reviewed, because it is believed that an account of them would not interest the readers. The readers of the paper (the public) are the persons considered in deciding whether a book shall be reviewed or not. The author of the work is not considered, because the review is not written for his benefit. The review is written for the benefit of the paper, the profit of the proprietor, not for that of the author. The author may benefit by the review. The review may be unfavourable to the author, even inju- rious. To say that the object of the review is the injury of the author is as much reason as to say that the object is his benefit. The result of the review to the author, its benefit or detriment to him, is accidental and incidental. Books are now given to journals for review so that the author may benefit by the publicity thus obtained. He does not always obtain this pub- licity. The publicity is not always to his benefit. By presenting copies to the press, the author or publisher asks for the benefit of publicity. The proprietor of the journal gives or refuses it ac- cording as he thinks it will interest his readers or not—will or will ‘not advance his own interests. The author or publisher does not take up an in- dependent position. The newspaper proprietor would be bound to come to him for the sake of the interests of his paper, his own interests, if the author or publisher did not run after him. The author or publisher sacrifices his position and his dignity. He seems to think that only he gains through the review, whereas the journal gains as much through him as he does through it. The author or publisher, when he advertises a book, does not plead that the announcement is for the benefit of the paper or the public, and should therefore not be charged for. That would be as reasonable as the plea that the review is for the benefit of the author, and therefore should 68 be paid for (by presentation of a copy of the book). No matter how the anomaly of asking for a review has come about, the position is now a false one, and the review is not areturn service for the presentation of the book. That there is not always a review in return for it proves that. Were journals to purchase the books they want to review, there would no longer be the scandal of presentation copies of books, both reviewed and unreviewed, being sold by the needy or greedy into whose hands they fall. The Author should be the sole exception in favour of a press copy, because it is the organ of the authors’ own organisation, and to present a copy for review by its own organisation would be furthering the author’s own interests. The proposal is this. Let copies be sent to the press, exactly as is done now. Let the books that are not reviewed be returned to the sender. Let the books that are retained for review be paid for by the proprietor of the journal. Thus can the anomaly of “ press copies’ be abolished, and the independence of authors and of the press be more firmly established. H. Hazs. [The question is referred to on p. 53.] VI. Epitor OR PROPRIETOR ? In the year 1888, I was asked by the editor of a paper well known and widely circulated in Ireland, to write a weekly letter for it; the payment to be a guinea a week. I wrote for three months, and then sent a note to the manager to remind him. In answer to this I got a cheque fo the amount due, and (as I knew the editor personally) I wrote to him to say I had received the money. He was just then in Paris, and replied as follows: “I am glad you have had your cheque from It is ‘sure henceforth to be sent regularly every quarter. . . . ‘Out of Town’ would now be a good title to your letters. I read your last one here, and thought it very good.” Now comes the curious part of the story. Hardly had I received the editor’s letter from Paris before an intimation was sent me from the manager that no more letters would be required till the following spring; it was then Autumn, and somehow it was clear tome that I was “chucked.” I wrote to the editor again, but only got a vague and unsatisfactory answer. Can anybody explain the matter ? [The explanation is that the proprietor of the paper was also the manager. The editor should have explained that his power was limited. ] THE AUTHOR. VIL. An Opiicinec PUBLISHER. Here is an incident that may amuse and perhaps instruct your readers : A woman of fashion, wealthy, and a widow, having no occupation, and desiring distinction, resolved to become an author. Having taken the first. step towards the fulfilment of her desire, and written hundreds of pages of balderdash, she submitted them to a publisher—a man of fair repute, well known and much beloved. So greatly was he struck by the excellence of the story and the certainty of success, that he generously offered to produce it for the sum of £150 payable on or before date of publication. This sum was willingly given to so gracious a benefactor. The young novelist’s knowledge of the literary world may be gauged when ’tis mentioned she, anxious for a good review in the Morning Post, actually wrote to the editor asking what his price was for a favourable notice ! In due time her book was born and damned. This she was assured was the fate of all first novels, and, nothing daunted, fearing nothing, she wrote a second story. As proof of the paternal kindness of publishers to young authors it may be stated that the same publisher consented to produce the second novel on the same terms as the first. Before this arrangement was completed she wisely bought herself a husband—and she published no more. Firzerratp Mo.Luoy. VIII. LivERATURE AND INDEPENDENCE. I should like to be allowed to say that I concur cordially in Mr. Lecky’s view, that young men without independent means should not attempt the higher forms of literature. The more distinct their literary success, the more certain (while they remain nameless) will be the refusal of their work on every hand. And for this reason. In all the higher forms of literature, imaginative and other, there is ever a didactic or philosophic vein—a tone of freedom, privilege, and authority —and this the public will not receive from any writer who has not already made a name. <A certain degree of commercial success, which has no necessary identity with literary success, gives him the required status. One must not, unless or until one is somebody, presume to teach; what is power in the acknowledged man is pretentiousness in the unacknowledged. It has been asked, what are the higher forms of literature, and what the i hd eed Oe ee THE AUTHOR, lower? The higher forms of literature are the intellectual forms, those which are exhibited in works which appeal to brain and culture in the reader. The reader in whom these properties are non-resident will lay aside such works as tedious and unprofitable ; he does quite right ; to him they are unprofitable, and he represents ninety-nine hundredths of the reading public. The higher form of literature, whether embodied in poetry, history, the drama, or the novel, is always immediately recognisable by this stamp of intel- lectuality. It is intellectual, and appeals to the intellect ; where there is no intellect to respond it is an inert factor, and this explains the coldness of publishers towards works which are truly worthy of production and fit to live—for intellec- tual readers form a pitiful minority. To speak of fiction, it may be said without offence that the large majority of novels have no discoverable intellectuality, and these—for the distinct reason of their inferiority—often sell in tens of thousands. I would suggest, at any rate, to any young man meaning to attempt the higher forms of litera- ture, that he first attempt that yet ‘“ higher” form recommended by your able Paris correspon- dent as a passport to literary acceptance, by standing on his head on the point of Cleopatra’s Needle for twenty-four hours! He might, after achieving that distinction, be as ironical as Thackeray, as sanguine as George Eliot, as dog- matic as Carlyle, and society would bow to his decisions. O tempora! O mores! C. Davenport JoNEs. Doc: “AT THE AUTHOR'S HEAD.” “ My Stewardship,” by E. McQueen Gray (Me- thuen). This is a book of which one is induced at first merely to say that it carries one on with increasing interest to the end. But it is more. The book is a seriously subtle revelation of a character grown, by long indulgence, solitude, and disappointment, soured and selfish to the last: degree. The lady concerned relates the tale, and with it, reveals herself. It is a remarkable study. “The Desert Ship,” a novel, by Jno. Bloundelle- Burton, author of “ The Silent Shore,” and ‘“ His Own Enemy,” is now running as a serial in Old and Young. Arrangements are being made for its production also in Australia and the United States in a similar manner, as well as in volume form in London, The story has already 69 attracted attention from some of the London newspapers. Professor Max Miiller’s lectures on “India” are to appear in a new edition. Mr. Gifford’s lectures will also advance to a new edition of the first volume, and the first appearance of the fourth volume (Longmans.) The “Idylls of the Queen,” by William Alfred Gibbs (Sampson Low and Co.) is just ready. Whatever profits may accrue from the sale of the book are to be given to the fund for help- ing wives and children of our soldiers and sailors. John Bickerdyke has just completed, for Sampson Low, Marston, and Co., a revision of the late J. G. Ffennell’s ‘Book of the Roach,” an exhaustive work, concerning the most popular of the British fishes. The new edition to which an introductory chapter and numerous other additions have been made by the editor, will first appear, in serial form, in the Mshing Gazette. The “ Book of the Roach” was published about twenty years ago by Longmans, and is still the only work devoted to the subject. Since its publication roach anglers have increased amaz- ingly. There are in London alone about 12,000 working men anglers, members of clubs, and who one and all are roach fishers. Of Miss Augusta A. Varty-Smith’s novel “Matthew Tindale,’ Mr. Gladstone writes :— It is not commonplace or conventional. Were it a jailure I should say magnis tamen excidit ausis. ‘Matthew Tindale’ is a great conception power- fully expressed. I think the verdict was wrong, but with being able to suggest any easy or satis- factory escape from the situation.~ It cannot, I think, be doubted that the writer capable of con- ceiving and setting out Matthew is possessed of a gift.” Mr. Edric Vredenburg is at present engaged on a story that will shortly appear as a serial in the Weekly Dispatch. Lady Fairlie Cuninghame publishes “A Wan- dering Star” with Messrs. Ward and Downey. Mr. G. H. Jennings has produced (Horace Cox, Law Times Office) the Third Edition of his “ Anecdotal History of the British Parliament.” The Dictionary is arranged under the heads of Statesmen. For instance, under the heading “Sir Robert Peel,’ there are eleven pages of anecdotes, covering the whole of the career of this great minister. An excellent reprint of an old friend. 79 Mr. E. J. Goodman’s “The Best Tour in Norway” is now ready. The publishers are Sampson Low, Marston, and Company. The illustrations and the map are beautiful—the narrative is bright, clever, and picturesque. It ought to be a handbook for the route followed. “Suffering London” is an appeal on behalf of voluntary hospitals by A. Egmont-Halle. The book has already gone through nearly five thou- sand copies—which, in a rough-and-ready way, speaks for it. There is a preface, giving in brief the history of medieval hospitals by Walter Besant. The fact that the “ Vision of Martyrs,” by the Rey. James Bownes, has gone into another edition shows that religious poetry, at least, is not dead. Besides the larger poem the little volume contains hymns and other verses filled with the religious spirit. In the“ Fairy Ballad Book” theauthor of “ Endy- mion’s Dream ” has told five-and-twenty stories —are they all old?—in verse. They are fairy stories, told quite simply. It ought to become a favourite with children. “Songs of Universal Life.” By Marcus 8. C, Rickards, M.A., F.1.S., is published by J. Baker and Son, Clifton. They are verses written by one who is a true lover of nature, one who would make of the common objects which he sees around him a ladder to the higher philosophy. The poetry is simple and unstrained; the thoughts rise at times to an unexpected level. “Conversations with Carlyle,” by Sir Charles Gavin Duffy, K.C.M.G., appeared originally in the Contemporary Review. They are conversa- tions which took place as far back'as 1845. They were preserved by being written down every da while the memory was fresh. The book is like another volume added to the “ Past and Present” and “Sartor Resartus.”’ The Cassell Publishing Company, New York, have just brought out a one volume novelette, “By a Himalayan Lake,” which appeared as a serial in.the Pictorial World, by “An Idle Exile.” This author’s - “Indian Idyls,” and “In Tent and Bungalow,” collections of short stories of Anglo-Indian sport and society, have already been published this year by the same firm, and have beer very flatteringly noticed by the American Press in all parts of the country. “Twelve Men of To-day” (Chapman and Hall, 1s.) is a portrait gallery of twelve “ celebri- ties.” Literature is represented by Sir Edwin Arnold and Rudyard Kipling. THE AUTHOR. Messrs. Methuen, publishers in this country of “In Tent and Bungalow,” have in the press for the coming season a children’s illustrated book by “An Idle Exile,” entitled « Only a Guard. room Dog,” descriptive of soldiers’ adventures in the Egyptian War and in India, Mrs. Edith E. Cuthell’s new yachting serial “The Wee Widow’s Cruise,” is to run this summer in the Lady’s Pictorial, and she has just completed for Cassell’s Magazine two serials, One, “The Story of a Glamour,” will appear shortly. “The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle,” a story of the 13th century, founded on an old chronicle, by Mrs. Edith E. Cuthell and the Rey. A. J. Foster, will be published this season by Messrs. Nelson. The collection of “ Black and White”’ drawings (with the results when reproduced by various processes), may be seen on any Wednesdays in June and July, between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. in Mr. Henry Blackburn’s studio, 123, Victoria- street, Westminster. The “ Jolly Pashas,” the Story of an Unphilan- thropic Society, is Mr. John A. Stewart’s new volume. It forms part of the “ Whitefriars Library of Wit and Humour” (Henry and Co.), This little library now numbers fifteen volumes, some very good, some not quite so good. This book belongs to the former kind, Mr. Powis Hoult’s Dialogues on the “ Efficiency o of Prayer” should have been noticed in the last _ number of the Author. The book represents a controversy between four combatants—two who affirm and two who deny.. There are in all eight dialogues. It does not require the appreciative memoir of the author by Henry James to create curiosity as to the literary work of the late Wolcot Balestier, presented to the world by his friend Mr. William Heinemann. Here are three or four stories, all that is left—except his book collaborated with Rudyard Kipling. The little ook is called “The Average Woman.” Mr. Alfred Sidgwick has published, through Longmans, his new book called ‘“ Distinction; and the Criticism of Beliefs.” This announce- ment should have been made last month, but was omitted by accident. Dr. Farrar’s Sermons, called “In the Days of — my Youth,” preached to the boys of Marlborough in the seventies, have gone into their ninth edition (Macmillan and Co.), Litt? 1 Wealden Painters ©1892.” COS tis THE Mr. J. Stanley Little has issued a pamphlet from the office of the West Sussex Gazette, Arundel, and the Artist, London, entitled ‘‘ The at the Summer Exhibition, Mr. Little traces the growth of the small band of English romanticists settled in the “Weald of Sussex, Surrey, and Kent, and giving a Mark Fisher, A. D. Peppercorn, Wm. Hstall, and G. Lion Little as its leaders, he has shown how -the Norwich, Nottingham, and Barbizon schools - are the natural fathers in an artistic sense of the oo = Kage SS pom. Bh ag a ae m Se fh vot Sey s&s bers itt bE at al wh « entitled ‘‘ Gods and Men.” school of the Weald. Mr. Arthur Dillon has issued a book of verses The volume contains his drama, “King Cophetua and the Beggar ; Maid.” A committee has been formed which has for its object the placing of a memorial tablet of the slate Mrs. J. Dallas-Glyn in the Shakespeare Museum at Stratford-on-Avon. ‘The memorial is to consist of a medallion in white marble, the execution of which has been entrusted to Mr. A. » E. L. Rost, a son of the Oriental scholar. 'scriptions may be paid to Mrs. J. Morgan | Richards, 56, Lancaster-gate, W., who is acting Sub- as hon. treasurer. Heinrich Heine’s “Italian Travel Sketches,” | translated by Elizabeth A. Sharp, has just been issued in the Scott Library Series. When Mr. J. Stanley Little first urged apon the people of Sussex, and especially upon the ) citizens of Horsham, the desirability of celebrating in a becoming fashion the centenary of Shelley’s birth, the proposal fell flat. Now, however, there is every prospect of something being done. Public meetings have been held and a representative committee appointed, and a manifesto is to be issued to the English-speaking people, backed by signatures of eminent men of letters, asking for help in the founding of a Shelley Memorial Library and Museum. There is also to be a public meeting on August 4 at Horsham. The Forum for July will contain an article by Mr. Walter Besant, on “The Encouragements of the Literary Life.” Mr. Frank Mathew makes his first appearance in the Jdler with a very powerful Irish story, “A Connemara Miracle.” The members of the Idlers’ Club have settled in their customary airy fashion, the best way to reach the North Pole. Guy de Maupessant contributes a short, but laughable, tale, and Mr. James Payn is at his best in the story of his first book, which would appear to have been “The Family Scapegrace” AUTHOR. ay although most people pin their faith to “ Lost Sir Massingberd.” A new feature is “ People I have never met,” by Scott Rankin. Apropos of the Jdler music hall articles, Mr. G. B. Burgin is the author of a story showing that narrowmindedness is still rife in the Land of Cakes. A little village, far up in the Highlands, some few months ago, took to its rugged bosom a young Free Church minister. Of course the feminine members of the congregation evinced a deep interest in all his movements ; they felt it their duty to watch over him and “keep his title clear, to mansions in the skies,” the more so that the Manse itself was a trifle out of repair, and leaked a good deal in rough weather. Certain old dames noticed that the new minister bought the Jdler regularly at the village shop. .They had never heard of the magazine in question. All they knew about it was that it sported a salmon-pink cover. Fearing that the minister was falling from the paths of rectitude by per- using such a flightly-looking publication, they determined to purchase a copy and to sit in judg- ment on it. The magazine, unfortunately for the minister, opened at the portrait of Miss Lottie Collins. After a moment of silent consterna- tion, the old lady who held it, carefully dropped the magazine into the fire with a groan: “ Losh me, the hizzie,” she exclaimed in tearful tones. “‘ What’s the Free Kirk come to now!” The minister, however, has not yet resigned. ee NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS. Theology. Barnpriage, Purp. The Day-Dawn from on High. Some thoughts on Pre-Christian religions completed in Christ. J. Masters and Co. Paper covers. Cunyne, Rev. T. K. Aids to the Devout Study of Criticism. Part I—The David Narratives. Part I.— The Book of Psalms. TT. Fisher Unwin. 7s. 6d. Fraser, Ruv. Donaup. Sound Doctrine: a Commentary on the Articles of the Faith of the Presbyterian Church of England. Publication Committee, Presbyterian Church of England, Paternoster-square. GLApsTong, Riaur Hon. W. E. The Impregnable Rock of Holy Scripture. Revised and enlarged edition. Isbister and Co. 3s. 6d. Goopman, Grorar. The Church in Victoria during the Episcopate of Bishop Perry, first Bishop of Melbourne. Seeley. Haywoop, Sir Joun. A Brief Course of Prayers and Meditations. Written by Sir John Hayward and first published in 1616, with a few Introductory Words by Canon Robert C. Jenkins, M.A. W. P. Birch and Co., Folkestone. Paper covers, 6d. 72 MacLaREn, ALEXANDER, D.D. The Gospel of St. Matthew. Vol. II. Hodder and Stoughton. 3s. McCiymont, Rev. J. A. The New Testament and its Writers. A. and C. Black, Edinburgh. Paper covers, 6d. Nyx, G.H.F. The Church and Her Story, with Ilustra- tions. Griffith, Farran. Paper covers, 1s. 6d. net. Rivineton, Rev. L. The English Martyrs, or Where is Continuity P A Sermon. Kegan Paul. Paper covers, 6d. Ryuze, H. E. The Canon of the Old Testament: an Essay on the Gradual Growth and Formation of the Hebrew Canon of Scripture. Macmillan. 6s. Sincnair, ARcHDEAcON. The Church: Invisible, Visible, Catholic, National. Archdeacon Sinclair’s charge at St. Sepulchre’s, May 24. Elliot Stock. Paper covers. StaTer, W. F. The Faith and Life of the Early Church. An introduction to Church history. Hodder and Stoughton. 7s. History and Biography. BaLestieR, Woncott. The Average Woman. With a Biographical Sketch by Henry James. W. Heinemann. 3s. 6d. BEAVER, ALFRED. Memorials of Old Chelsea; a new new history of the Village of Palaces. With illustra- tions by the author. Elliot Stock. £1 118. 6d. Bowen, CuarENce W. The History of the Centennial Celebration of the Inauguration of George Washington as First President of the United States. Edited by D. Appleton and Co., New York. CuayDEN, P.W. England under the Coalition: the Political History of Great Britain and Ireland from the General Election of 1885 to May, 1892. Fisher Unwin. tos. 6d. DororHy WALLuis: an Autobiography. With an intro- duction by Walter Besant. Longmans. 6s. Gasquet, F. A. Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries. An attempt to illustrate the History of their Sup- pression, with an Appendix and Maps showing the situation of the Religious Houses at the time of their dissolution. New edition. With illustrations. Part I, John Hodges, Agar-street. Paper covers, Is. Greao, JosrpH. A History of Parliamentary Elections and Electioneering, from the Stuarts to Queen Victoria. A new edition, with illustrations. Chatto and Windus. HatrietD, THomas. Following the Flag: an account of a Soldier’s Life and Travel. With illustrations by N. B. Severn and Introduction by Walter Severn, President of the Dudley Gallery. J. Pitcher and Co., Newman- street. Paper covers, 1s. 6d. Hazuitt, W. Carzw. The Livery Companies of the City of London: their Origin, Character, Development, and Social and Political Importance. With two coloured Plates and numerous Illustrations. Swann Sonnen- schein and Co., Paternoster-square. History or THE CHURCH oF Sr. Mary THE VIRGIN, Oxrorp,A. By the present Vicar. Longmans, Green, and Co. 10s. 6d. Jacoss, JosrrH. The Familiar Letters of James Howell, Historiographer Royal to Charles II. Edited, anno- tated, and indexed. Books I.-IV., Notes, Index. David Nutt. THE AUTHOR. Jennines, G. H. An Anecdotal History of the British Parliament, from the earliest periods to the present time. With notices of eminent parliamentary men and examples of their oratory. Compiled from authentic sources. Third edition, with additions. Horace Cox, Law Timus Office. 15. JoHNsToN, BR. A Short History of the Queen’s Reign. Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. Paper covers. 1s. JussERAUD, J.J. A French Ambassador at the Court of Charles the Second. Le Comte de Cominges, from his unpublished correspondence. With portraits. Fisher Unwin. 128. Krary, C.F. Norway and the Norwegians. Percival and Co. 58. Layarp, Groraz §. The Life and Letters of Charles Samuel Keene. Samson Low. 24s. Lucky. W.E.H. A History of England in the Highteenth Century. New edition. . Vol. 6. Longmans. 6s. Marrnews, Jonn H. A History of the Parishes of Saint Ives, Lelant, Towednack, and Rennor, in the county of Cornwall. Eliot Stock, Paternoster-row. 31s. Od. MonrTerto, Rosz. Delagoa Bay : its Natives and Natural History. Ilustrated. George Philip and Son. Picton, J. A.. M.P. Sir James A. Picton: a Biography. By his son. With facsimile sketches. Isbister and Co. 12s. Remusat, P. Dr. A. Thiers. Translated by Melville B. Anderson. With portrait. “Great French Writers” series. T. Fisher Unwin, Paternoster-square. 38. Od. Sanppy, Winuram. Thomas and Paul Sandby, Royal Academicians. Some account of their Lives and Works. Seeley and Co., Essex Street, Strand. TaLFourD, Sir Tuomas. Memoirs of Charles Lamb. Edited and annotated by Percy Fitzgerald, M.A., F.S.A. With portraits. W. W. Gibbings, Bury Street, W.C. Taytor, W. M., D.D. Paul the Missionary. “ Bible Biographies” Series. Burnet, Henrietta Street, W.C. 58. TRELOAR, W. P. Lmudgate Hill: Past and Present. Illustrated. Second edition. Hazell, Watson and Viney. Wittiams. Cuartes. The Life of Lientenant-General Sir Henry Evelyn Wood, V.C., G.C.B., G.C.M.G. Sampson Low. 14s. Wixson. J. Grant. The Memorial History of the City of New York, from its first settlement to the year 1892. Edited by. Vol. 1. New York History Company ; London, G. P. Putnam’s Sons. General Literature. Apams, Joun. Commercial Correspondence. Longmans. 3s. An ENGiisHMman in Paris (Notes and Recollections). In 2 vols. Chapman and Hall. 18s. AsHprr, C. R. The Manual of the Guild and School of Handicraft; being a Guide to County Councils and Technical Teachers. Edited by Cussells. Paper covers, 28. 6d. THE AUTHOR. 13 BaepEKer, K. London and its Environs. With three maps and fifteen plans. Eighth — revised edition. K. Baedeker, Leipsic. Dulau and Co. 6 marks. Baker, James. Our Foreign Competitors: their Life and Labour. Sampson Low. Paper covers. Batrour, Riaut Hon. A. J. A Fragment on Progress. Inaugural address delivered on his installation as Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow. November, 1891. David Douglas, Edinburgh. Barrett, C.R. B. Essex: Highways, Byways, and Water- ways. Written and illustrated. Lawrence and Bullen. 128. 6d. : BasTABLE, C.N. Public Finance. Macmillan and Co. The German Emperor and his Cassell. 3s. BigELOw, PoULTNEY. Eastern Neighbours. BrrRELL, Augustine. Res Judicate. Papers and Essays. Elliot Stock. Boox or Hrautu, Tue. By Sir Risdon Bennett, M.D. ; Sir J. Crichton Browne, M.D., Sir Joseph Fayrer, M.D., and others. Edited by Malcolm Morris. New issue monthly parts. Part I., with Presentation Plate. Cassells. Paper covers, 6d. Brassey, Lorp, and Barnes, F. K. The Naval Annual, 1892. Edited by T. A. Brassey, B.A. J. Griffin and Co., Portsmouth. Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. Brooxrrenp, A. M. M.P.—The Speaker's A. B. C. JT. Fisher Unwin. 2s. Brotuers, A. Photography: its History, Processes, Appa” ratus, and Materials, comprising working details of al the more important methods. With Plates of the many processes described and illustrations in the text. C. Griffin and Co. Pleasant Work for Busy Fingers; or, Illustrated. Cassell and Brown, MAGGIE. Kindergarten at Home. Co. 58. Browne, PHYLLIS. new and enlarged edition. A Year's Cookery. 22nd thousand ; Cassell and Co. 3s. 6d. Buxton, Sypney,M.P. A Manual of Political Questions of the Day, and the arguments on either side. With an introduction. New edition. Cassell’s. Paper covers, Is. CALLWELL, Capt. C. E. Handbook of the Turkish Army. Prepared in the Intelligence Division of the War Office. Harrison and Sons, St. Martin’s-lane. 4d. Cuampers’s Encycuopmpia: a Dictionary of Universal Knowledge. New edition. Vol. IX. Round to Swansea. W. and R. Chambers. Cuurcu, Rev. A. J., M.A. Pictures from Roman Life and Story. With illustrations. Hutchinson and Co., Pater- noster-square. 58. The Gentlewoman at Home. The Henry and Co., Coxr, Mrs. TALBOT. Victoria Library for Gentlewomen. Bouverie-street, E.C. 6s. ConsTANTINIDES, Prof. Micuau. Neohellenica: an intro- duction to modern Greek. ‘Translated into English in collaboration with Major-General H. T. Rogers, R.E. Macmillan and Co. 6s. “Crrricus.” The Established Church and its Endow- ments. A word on Lord Selborne’s defence. P. 8. King and Son. Paper covers, Is. CUNNINGHAM, Sir A. Mahabodhi; or, the great Buddhist Temple under the Bodhi Tree at Buddha-Gaya. W.H. Allen and Co. Dean, Rev. T. Sanppaca. A Peep behind the Scenes of the Ecclesiastical Theatre (with various opinions and facts relative to clerical distress). J. Wright and Co. Paper covers, Is. Doupney, D. A. Ireland: Its Priests and its People. W. H. and L. Collingridge. Paper covers, Is. Duncan, D. 8. Vol. V. Horace Cox. The Golfing Annual, 1891-1892. 38. 6d. Duncan, W. W. Duncan’s Manual of British and Foreign Tramway Companies, containing abstracts of accounts, traffic tables of the principal companies, tramway tables, and directory, 1892. Effingham Wilson. 5s. Dunn, Sinctarr. The Art of Singing. T. Fisher Unwin. 238. DuruAm, ALEXANDER. The Lone-Star of Liberia: being the outcome of reflections on our own people. Withan Introduction by Madame la Comtesse C. Hugo. Elliott Stock. DWELLINGS OF THE Poor: Report of the Mansion House Council for the year ending Dee. 31, 1891. Cassell’s. Paper covers, Is. Epwarps, A. F. Seaside Sketches. No. I., Ilfracombe. Tllustrated. A. Chilver. Paper covers. 15. Fane, W. V. R., AND GRAHAM, A.H. The Voter’s Hand- book: Explaining the qualifications and registration of electors at Parliamentary, Municipal, County Council, School Board, and Vestry Elections; and also at elections of sanitary authorities and guardians of the poor. Cassells. 2s. FeLperMann, Louis. Hungary and its People. With Tllustrations. Griffith, Farran, and Co., Charing Cross- road. Fieitp, Joon W. An Analysis of the Accounts of the Principal Gas Undertakings in England, Scotland, and Treland for 1891. Compiled and arranged by. Eden, Fisher, and Co. Paper covers, 15s. FisHER, Magor A. Rod and River, or Fly-fishing for Salmon, Trout, and Grayling. Bentley. Frrzartaur, Tuomas. The Worth of Human Testimony. Kegan Paul. GARNETT, RicHarp: The Accession of Queen Mary; being the contemporary narrative of Antonio de Guaras, a Spanish merchant resident in London. Edited, with an introduction, translation, notes, and an appendix of documents, including a contemporary ballad in fac- simile. Lawrence and Bullen. 10s. 6d. with Carlyle. Gavan-Durry, Sir C. Conversations Sampson Lowe, 6s. GenERAL Exection, 1892: the Press Association’s list of Parliamentary Candidates in England, Scotland, and Wales. E.D. Maddick and Co. Paper covers, 6d. Gitpert, J.T. Calendar of Ancient Records of Dublin, in the possession of the Municipal Corporation of that City. Vol. 3. Published by authority of the Municipal Council. J. Dollard, Dublin. Bernard Quaritch. 74 THE Gomme, G. L. Ethnology in Folk-lore. ‘ Modern Science” Series. Kegan Paul. Goopman, E. J. The best Tour in Norway. With 34 Illustrations and route map. Sampson Low. Grace, W. G. Batting, Bowling, Fielding. Simpkin, Marshall. ts. GUIDE THROUGH THE MusicaL Motives or WAGNER’s “TRISTAN UND Isoupu.” With a preface on the legend and the poem of Wagner’s drama. English and German editions. GUIDE THROUGH THE Music oF Waaner’s “THE Rina or THE NiEBELUNG.” Third (English) Edition, by Hans von Wolzogen. Translated by Ernst von Wolzogen. Feodor Reinboth, Leipsic. Paper covers. Hautett, T. G. Parmer. Home Rule: What does it mean? Liberal Unionist Association, Paper covers, 2d. 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Wright and Co., Bristol. 1s. Hunter-Dvuar, Joun. The Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages. A popular treatise on early archeology. Swan Sonnen- schein and Co. Huxizy, T.H. Essays upon some Controverted Questions. Macmillan and Co. 14s. Inprrwicx, F. A., Q.C. The Story of King Edward and New Winchelsea: the edification of a medisxval town. Sampson Low. InsTiTuUTE oF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS IN ENGLAND AND Wats. Charter of incorporation, bye-laws, and list of members. Gee and Co., Moorgate Street. 2s. Trish Home Rune anp BrivisH Inpustry. An appeal to the British voter. By Imperium et Unitas. S. Bar- ker and Co. Paper covers, 3d. Jones, Constance. An Introduction to General Logic. Longmans. 4s. 6d. Jowett, B. The Dialogues of Plato. Translated into English, with analyses and introductions. In 5 vols. Third edition, revised and corrected throughout. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Henry Frowde. £4 4s. AUTHOR. Kocxs, W. E. 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James Bryce, M.P. Hau. CAINE. P. W. CLAYDEN. EDWARD CLODD. W. Morris CouueEs. Hon. JoHN COLLIER. W. Martin Conway. F. Marion CRAWFORD. Austin DOBSON. A. W. DusouRe. EpMUND GOSSE. Tuomas Harpy. J. M. Lewy. OswALp CRAWFURD, C.M.G. Tue Ear. or DESART. J. Eric ERicuseEn, F.R.S. Pror. MicHaEL Foster, F.R.S. HERBERT GARDNER, M.P. RicHarp GARNETT, LL.D. H. Riper HAGGARD. JEROME K. JEROME. RupYARD KIPLING. Pror. E. Ray LANKESTER, F.R.S. Rev. W. J. Lortin, F.S.A. Pror. J. M. D. MEIKLEJOHN. GrEoRGE MEREDITH. Herman C. MERIVALE. Rev. C. H. MippLeTon-WakeE F.L.S Lewis Morris. Pror. Max MULLER. J. C. PARKINSON. Tue Eart or PEMBROKE AND MonrT- GOMERY. Sir FREDERICK PoLiock, Bart., LL.D. WALTER HEeRRIES POLLOCK. A. G. Ross. GEORGE AUGUSTUS SALA. W. BaprTisTE ScOONES. G. R. Srms. J. J. STEVENSON. Jas. SULLY. WiturAm Moy THomaAs. H. D. Traut, D.C.L. Baron HENRY DE WORMS, E.R.S. EDMUND YATES. MP., Hon. Counsel—E. M. UNDERDOWN, Q.C. Solicitors—Messrs Frnup, Roscoxz, and Co., Lineoln’s Inn Fields. 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Now ready, Third Edition, with Additions throughout, in demy 8vo., 700 pages, price lds. AN ANECDOTAL HISTORY OF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT, From the EARLIEST PERIODS to the PRESENT TIME, With Notices of Eminent Parliamentary Men, and Examples of their Oratory. Compiled from Authentic Sources by GEORGE HENRY JHNNINGS. CONTENTS : Part L—Rise and Progress of Parliamentary Institutions. Parr IL—Personal Anecdotes: Sir Thomas More to John Morley. Part IL.—Miscellaneous. 1. Election. 2. Privilege; Exclusion of Strangers; Publication of Debates. 3. Parliamentary Usages, &c. 4. Varieties. Appenpix.—(A) Lists of the Parliaments of England and of the United Kingdom. (B) Speakers of the House of Gommons. (C) Prime Ministers, Lord Chancellors, and Secretaries of State from 1715 to 1892. 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Title A name given to the resource The Author, Vol. 03 Issue 02 (July 1892) Subject The topic of the resource The Author, Vol. 03 Issue 02 (July 1892) Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1892-07-01-The-Author-3-2 publications The Author