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Title
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The Author
Subject
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<em>The Author</em>
Description
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A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, <em>The Author</em>, 1890<span>–</span>1914, made available together for the first time.<br /><br />Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&collection=&type=&tags=&exhibit=&date_search_term=&submit_search=Search+For+Items&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022.
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1890–1914
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The-Author-Issues
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Date
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1901-01-01
Volume
11
Issue
8
Pages
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133–152
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19010101
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The El u tbor.
(The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.)
CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT.
VOL. XI.—No. 8.]
JANUARY 1, 1901.
[PRICE SIXPENCE.
Memoranda ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Pension Fund... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Literary Property-
1. Canadian Artistic Copyright: Graves v. Gorrie
2. The New Copyright Bill ... ...
3. The American Society
American Letter ...
Paris Letter. By Darracotte Scott ... ... ...
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PAGE
.. ... 133
Notes and News. By the Editor...
... 144
... ... 134 | On Books and Review ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 145
Poe's Last Days ...
... 147
Correspondence-1. Use of the Society's Name. 2. Do Authors
Read Reviews ? 3. Legalised Artistic Robbery. 4. The
140
End of the Century
... ... 149
...
... 142
Book and Play Talk... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 150
138
...
... 1391
American Letters Darracotie seci
PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY.
1. The Annual Report for the current year. 18.
2. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance of Literary
Property. Issued to all Members gratis. Price to non-members, 6d., or 6s. 6d. per annum,
post free. Back numbers from 1892, at ios. 6d. per vol.
3. Literature and the Pension List. By W. MORRIS Colles, Barrister-at-Law. 38.
4. The History of the Société des Gens de Lettres. By S. SQUIRE SPRIGGE. 18.
6. The Cost of Production. (Out of print.)
6. The Various Methods of Publication. By S. SQUIRE SPRIGGE. In this work, compiled from the
papers in the Society's offices, the various forms of agreements proposed by Publishers to
Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the
various kinds of fraud which have been made possible by the different clauses in their
agreements. 38.
Addenda to the Above. By G. HERBERT Thring. Being additional facts collected at
the office of the Society since the publication of the “Methods." With comments and
advice. 28.
7. Copyright Law Reform. An Exposition of Lord Monkswell’s Copyright Bill of 1890. With
Extracts from the Report of the Commission of 1878, the Berne Convention, and the
American Copyright Bill. By J. M. LELY. 15. 6d.
8. The Society of Authors. A Record of its Action from its Foundation. By WALTER BESANT
(Chairman of Committee, 1888–1892). IS.
9. The Contract of Publication in Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland. By Ernst
LUNGE, J.U.D. 2s. 6d.
10. Forms of Agreement issued by the Publishers' Association ; with Comments. By G. HERBERT
THring, and Illustrative Examples by Sir WALTER BESANT. 2nd Edition. 18.
[All prices net. Apply to the SECRETARY, +, Portugal Street, London, W.C.]
## p. 132 (#186) ############################################
ADVERTISEMENTS.
The Society of Authors (Incorporated).
PRESIDENT.
GEORGE MEREDITH.
COUNCIL
SIR EDWIN ARNOLD, K.C.I.E., C.S.I. | AUSTIN DOBson.
SIR LEWIS MORRIS.
J. M. BARRIE.
A. CONAN DOYLE, M.D.
HENRY NORMAN, M P.
A. W. À BECKETT.
A. W. DUBOURG.
Miss E. A. ORMEROD, LL D.
ROBERT BATEMAN.
SIR MICHAEL FOSTER, K.C.B., F.R.S. GILBERT PARKER, M.P.
F. E. BEDDARD, F.R.S.
D. W. FRESHFIELD.
J. C. PARKINSON.
SIR HENRY BERGNE, K.C.M.G. RICHARD GARNETT, C.B., LL.D. A. W. PINERO.
SIR WALTER BESANT.
EDMUND GOSSE.
THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD PIR-
AUGUSTINE BIRRELL, Q.C.
H. RIDER HAGGARD.
BRIGHT, F.R.S.
THE REV. PROF. BONNEY, F.R.S. THOMAS HARDY.
SIR FREDERICK POLLOCK, Bart., LL.D.
THE Right Hon. JAMES BRYCE, M.P. ANTHONY HOPE HAWKINS.
WALTER HERRIES POLLOCK.
THE RIGHT Hon. THE LORD BURGH. JEROME K. JEROME.
E. ROSE.
CLERE.
J. SCOTT KELTIE, LL.D.
W. BAPTISTE SCOONES.
HALL CAINE.
RUDYARD KIPLING.
Miss Flora L. SHAW.
EGERTON CASTLE, F.S.A.
PROF. E. RAY LANKESTER, F.R.S. G. R. SIMS.
P. W. CLAYDEN.
The Right Hon. W. E. H. LECKY, S. SQUIRE SPRIGGE.
EDWARD CLODD.
M.P.
J. J. STEVENSON.
W. MORRIS COLLES.
J. M. LELY.
FRANCIS STORR.
THE HON. JOHN COLLIER.
The Rev. W. J. LOFTIE, F.S.A. WILLIAM Moy THOMAS.
SIR W. MARTIN CONWAY.
SIR A. C. MACKENZIE, Mus.Doc. MRS. HUMPHRY WARD.
F. MARION CRAWFORD.
PROF. J. M. D. MEIKLEJOHN.
Miss CHARLOTTE M. YONGE.
THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD CURZON THE REV. C. H. MIDDLETON-WAKE.
OF KEDLESTON.
Hon. Counsel – E. M. UNDERDOWN, Q.C.
COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT.
Chairman-A. HOPE HAWKINS.
A. W. À BECKETT.
D. W. FRESHFIELD.
GILBERT PARKER, M.P.
SIR WALTER BESANT.
J. M. LELY.
E. ROSE.
EGERTON CASTLE, F.S.A.
HENRY NORMAN, M.P.
FRANCIS STORR.
A. CONAN DOYLE, M.D.
'SUB-COMMITTEES.'
ART.
Hon. Joun COLLIER (Chairman). I SIR W. MARTIN CONWAY.
M. H. SPIELMANN
COPYRIGHT.
A. W. À BECKETT.
A. HOPE HAWKINS.
J. M. LELY.
W. M. COLLES.
GILBERT PARKER, M.P.
DRAMA.
HENRY ARTHUR JONES (Chairman). I F. C. BURNAND.
A. W. PINERO.
A. W. À BECKETT.
SYDNEY GRUNDY.
EDWARD ROSE.
Solicitors,
SFIELD, ROSCOE, and Co., Lincoln's Inn Fields.
G. HERBERT THRING, 4, Portugal-street.
Secretary-G. HERBERT THRING.
OFFICES : 4, PORTUGAL STREET, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C.
A. P. WATT & SON,
LITERARY AGENTS,
Formerly of 2, PATERNOSTER SQUARE,
Have now removed to
HASTINGS HOUSE, NORFOLK STREET, STRAND,
LONDON, W.C.
THE KNIGHTS and KINGS of CHESS. By the Rev.
GA. MACDONNELL, B.A. Price 28. 6d. net.
London HORACE Cox, Windsor House, Bream's-buildings, E.O.
THE ART of CHESS. By JAMES MASON. Price 58.
net, by post 58. 4d
London: HORACE Cox, Windsor House, Bream's-buildings, E.O.
## p. 133 (#187) ############################################
The Author.
(The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.)
CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT.
VOL. XI.—No. 8.]
JANUARY 1, 1901.
[PRICE SIXPENCE.
For the Opinions expressed in papers that are
signed or initialled the Authors alone are
responsible. None of the papers or para-
graphs must be taken as expressing the
collective opinions of the Committee unless
they are officially signed by G. Herbert
Thring, Sec.
THE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all
T remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and
requests that all members not receiving an answer to
important communications within two days will write to him
without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union
Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered
letter only.
III. THE ROYALTY SYSTEM.
It is above all things necessary to know what the
proposed royalty means to both sides. It is now possible
for an author to ascertain approximately and very nearly
the truth. From time to time the very important figures
connected with royalties are published in The Author.
Readers can also work out the figures themselves from the
“Cost of Production.”
IV. A COMMISSION AGREEMENT.
The main points are :-
(1.) Be careful to obtain a fair cost of production.
(2.) Keep control of the advertisements.
(3.) Keep control of the sale price of the book.
GENERAL.
All other forms of agreement are combinations of the four
above mentioned.
Such combinations are generally disastrous to the author.
Never sign any agreement without competent advice from
the Secretary of the Society.
Stamp all agreements with the Inland Revenue stamp.
Avoid agreements by letter if possible.
The main points which the Society has always demanded
from the outset are :-
(1.) That both sides shall know what an agreement
means.
(2.) The inspection of those account books which belong
to the author. We are advised that this is a right, in the
nature of a common law right, which cannot be denied or
withheld.
Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on
all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub.
joots whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are
setarned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS.
GENERAL MEMORANDA.
WARNINGS TO DRAMATIC AUTHORS.
TITERE are a few standing rules to be observed in an
agreement. There are four methods of dealing
with literary property :-
I. SELLING IT OUTRIGHT.
This is in some respects the most satisfactory, if a proper
price can be obtained. But the transaction should be
managed by a competent agent, or with the advice of the
Secretary of the Society.
II. A PROFIT-SHARING AGREEMENT (a bad form of
agreement).
In this case the following rules should be attended to :
(1.) Not to sign any agreement in which the cost of pro.
duction forms a part without the strictest investigation.
(2.) Not to give the publisher the power of putting the
profits into his own pocket by charging for advertisements
in his own organs : or by charging exchange advertise.
ments. Therefore keep control of the advertisements.
(3.) Not to allow a special charge for "office expenses,"
unless the same allowance is made to the author.
(4.) Not to give up American, Colonial, or Continental
rights.
(5.) Not to give up serial or translation rights.
(6.) Not to bind yourself for future work to any publisher,
As well bind yourself for the future to any one solicitor or
.doctor!
VOL. XI.
1. N EVER sign an agreement without submitting it to
the Secretary of the Society of Authors or some
competent legal authority.
2. It is well to be extremely careful in negotiating for
the production of a play with anyone except an established
manager.
3. There are three forms of dramatio contract for PLAYS
IN THREE OR MORE ACTS :-
(a.) SALE OUTRIGHT OF THE PERFORMING RIGHT.
This is unsatisfactory. An author who enters
into such a contract should stipulate in the con-
tract for production of the piece by a certain date
and for proper publication of his name on the
play-bills.
(6.) SALE OF PERFORMING RIGHT OR OF A LICENCE
TO PERFORM ON THE BASIS OF PERCENTAGES
on gross receipts. Percentages vary between
5 and 15 per cent. An anthor should obtain a
percentage on the sliding scale of gross receipts
in preference to the American system. Should
s 2
## p. 134 (#188) ############################################
134
THE AUTHOR.
reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing
the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen-
dence of the writer.
6. The Committee have now arranged for the reception of
members' agreements and their preservation in a fireproof
safe. The agreements will, of course, be regarded as con-
fidential documents to be read only by the Secretary, who
will keep the key of the safe. The Society now offers :-(1)
To read and advise upon agreements and publishers. (2) To
stamp agreements in readiness for a possible action upon
them. (3) To keep agreements. (4) To enforce payments
d ue according to agreements.
THE READING BRANCH.
obtain a sum in advance of percentages. A fixed
date on or before which the play should be
performed.
(c.) SALE OF PERFORMING RIGHT OR OF A LICENCE
TO PERFORM ON THE BASIS OF ROYALTIES (i.e.,
fixed nightly fees). This method should be
always avoided except in cases where the fees
are likely to be small or difficult to collect. The
other safeguards set out under heading (6.) apply
also in this case.
4. PLAYS IN ONE ACT are often sold outright, but it is
better to obtain a small nightly fee if possible, and a sum
paid in advance of such fees in any event. It is extremely
important that the amateur rights of one act plays should
be reserved.
5. Authors should remember that performing rights can
be limited, and are usually limited by town, country, and
time. This is most important.
6. Authors should not assign performing rights, but
should grant a licence to perform. The legal distinction is
of great importance.
7. Authors should remember that performing rights in a
play are distinct from literary copyright. A manager
holding the performing right or licence to perform cannot
print the book of the words.
8. Never forget that American rights may be exceedingly
valuable. They should never be included in English
agreements without the author obtaining a substantial
consideration.
9. Agreements for collaboration should be carefully
drawn and executed before collaboration is commenced.
10. An author should remember that production of a play
is highly speculative: that he runs a very great risk of
delay and a breakdown in the fulfilment of his contract.
He should therefore guard himself all the more carefully in
the beginning.
11. An author must remember that the dramatic market
is exceedingly limited, and that for a novice the first object
is to obtain adequate publication.
As these warnings must necessarily be incomplete on
account of the wide range of the subject of dramatic con-
tracts, those authors desirous of further information are
referred to the Secretary of the Society.
EMBERS will greatly assist the Society in this
branch of their work by informing young writers of
its existence. Their MSS. can be read and treated
as a composition is treated by a coach. The term MSS.
includes not only works of fiction but poetry and dramatic
works, and when it is possible, under special arrangement,
technical and scientific works. The Readers are writers of
competence and experience. The fee is one guinea.
NOTICES.
M HE Editor of The Author begs to remind members of the
1 Society that, although the paper is sent to them free
of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very
heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great
many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest
68. 6d. subscription for the year.
Communications for The Author should be addressed to
the Offices of the Society, 4, Portugal-street, Lincoln's-inn
Fields, W.C., and should reach the Editor not later than the
21st of each month.
All persons engaged in literary work of any kind,
whether members of the Society or not, are invited to
communicate to the Editor any points connected with their
work which it would be advisable in the general interest to
publish.
The present location of the Authors' Club is at 3, White-
hall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary for
information, rules of admission, &c.
HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY.
PENSION FUND.
1. DVERY member has a right to ask for and to receive
advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub.
lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his
business or the administration of his property. If the
advice sought is such as can be given best by a solici-
tor, the member has a right to an opinion from the
Society's solicitors. If the case is such that Counsel's
opinion is desirable, the Committee will obtain for him
Counsel's opinion. All this without any cost to the member.
2. Remember that questions connected with copyright
and publisher's agreoments do not generally fall within the
experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple
to use the Society.
3. Send to the Office copies of past agreements and past
accounts with the loan of the books represented. The
Secretary will always be glad to have any agreements, new
or old, for inspection and note. The information thus
obtained may prove invaluable.
4. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro.
posed document to the Society for examination.
5. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you
are fighting the battlos of other writers, even if you are
ELECTION TO THE COMMITTEE.
T\HE attention of members is called to Clause 9
of the Pension Fund Scheme :-
Any candidate for election to the Pension Fund
Committee by the members of the Society (not being
a retiring member of such Committee) shall be
nominated in writing to the secretary at least three
weeks prior to the general meeting at which such
candidate is to be proposed, and the nomination of
## p. 135 (#189) ############################################
THE AUTHOR.
135
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each such candidate shall be subscribed by at least
SUBSCRIPTIONS.
three members of the Society.
Alexander, A. ...........
Aidë, Hamilton (for a period of five years)......
A list of the names of the candidates 80 nomi-
Avory, Harold ..........
.........
nated shall be sent to the members of the Society
Beckett, A. W. à ....................................
with the annual report of the Managing Committee, Boevey, Miss Crawley ..
and those candidates obtaining the most votes at the Besant, Sir Walter...........
general meeting shall be elected to serve on the
Bonney, Rev. Prof. T. G. ............
5 0 0
Clodd, Edward
Pension Fund Committee.
Crockett, S. R
Members of the Society are required, in accord Dobson, Austin (annual amount anstated—for
ance wita this rule, to send in the names of 1900) ...........
Ellis, Miss M. A..............
those members whom they desire to nominate to
Gilbert, W. S............................................
the Secretary of the Society of Authors, 4, Guthrie, Anstey.
Portugal-street, London, W.C., ON OR BEFORE Gwynne, S. ............................................
FEBRUARY ist.
Home, Francis........
A nomination paper will be found enclosed in
Jerome, Jerome K. ..............
Marchmont, A. W..
this number of The Author.
Pemberton, Max
The Committee beg to inform the members of Pinero, A. W....
the Society that at the meeting of the Committee, Rose, Edward ...........
held on the 3rd Dec., they elected the following
Stanley, Mrs. ....
Ward, Mrs. Humphry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
as their nominees to the said Committee :
X. Y. ......
SIR MICHAEL FOSTER, K.C.B., F.R.S.;
A. W. à BECKETT;
-
sic
MRS. CRAIGIE (JOHN OLIVER HOBBES).
Any member desiring a copy of the Pension
Fund Scheme can obtain the same at the offices
LITERARY PROPERTY.
of the Society.
The following is the list of donations and
I.-CANADIAN ARTISTIC COPYRIGHT.
subscriptions at present promised or received :-
Graves v. Gorrie.
DONATIONS.
£ 8. d.
(Argued Sept. 19, 1900.)
A.S. ......
100 0 0
Alcott, E...
TOV. 6, 1900.-Rose, J.-The question to
50 0 0
Barrie, J. M. ..........
be determined here is whether the copy-
............
Benecke, Miss Ida .....................
3 0 0 ' right conferred by 25 & 26 Vict. cap. 68
Begant, Sir Walter..................
was confined to Great Britain or whether it
Chambers, Miss Beatrice
0 3 6
extended throughout the dominions of the Crown.
Cordeaux, Miss .....
Craigie, Mrs.
As said by Lord Cranworth in Routledge v.
Doyle, A. Conan.
100 0 0
Low (L. R. 3 H. L. at p. 113): “ The British
Esler, Miss Rentoul .........
Parliament in the time of Queen Anne must be
Fowler, Miss E. T..............
taken prima facie to have legislated only for
Freshfield, D. W.................
Great Britain just as the present Parliament
Gibbs, Miss .............................
Hawkins, A. Hope .............
must be taken to legislate only for the United
Hutchinson, Rev. H. ...........
Kingdom.” And in Penley v. Beacon Assurance
Jones, Henry Arthur...
0 0 Company (10 G. R. at p. 428), Vankoughnot, G.
Keltie, J. Scott.
said: “While I admit the power of the Imperial
Kipling, Rudyard
Legislature to apply by express words their
Loftie, Rev. W. J.
Macfarlane, H. ....
enactments to this country, I will never admit
Meredith, George
that without express words they do apply or are
Moncrieff, R. Hope.....
intended to so apply.”
Norris, W. E......
0 0
It is necessary, therefore, carefully to examine
Oliphant, Kingston
the language and effect of the statute to see
Parker, Gilbert ......
100 0 0
Pollock, Sir Frederick
whether, either by express words or at least by
Roe, Mrs. Harcourt
necessary implication, it extended to the dominions
Rogsetti, W. M. .......................
of the Crown.
8. B.
In the most carefully prepared and able argu-
Sanderson, Sir J. B. .............
2 0 0
ments that were addressed to me by the counsel
Spielmann, M. H.
10 0 0
Stanton, Miss H. M. E...
engaged in this case, much was said with reference
Tweedie, Mrs. Alec.
5oo to the effect of the language of the first section of
oo
5
10
100
O
o
0
0
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100
5
I
.....
## p. 136 (#190) ############################################
136
THE AUTHOR.
the Act, Mr. Small relying upon that as showing the In that Act, sect. 15, it is provided “ that if
intention to legislate so as to extend the benefits any person shall in any part of the British
of the Act not only to Great Britain but also to dominions after the passing of this Act print or
the Colonies.
cause to be printed ... such offender shall
There had been some discussion as to the be liable to a special action on the case. ..
persons to whom the benefits of prior legislation to be brought in any Court of Record in that
respecting copyright had been extended : (see part of the British dominions in which the offence
Jeffery v. Boosey, 4 H. L. C. 215), and possibly shall be committed.” Sect. 17 prohibits the
the language of sect. I was made expressly to importation“ into any part of the United King-
prevent any doubt as to the persons who should dom or into any other part of the British
have the benefit of the Act. The words are: dominions."
“The author, being a British subject or resi- But it is said that the language of sect. 10,
dent within the dominions of the Crown, every cap. 68, shows that no “ repetition, copies, or
original painting, drawing, and photograph which imitations of paintings, drawings, or photographs"
shall be or shall have been made either in the should be made in any foreign State or in any
British dominions or elsewhere.shall part of the British dominions without the consent
have the sole and exclusive right of copying, of the proprietor of the copyright thereof. No
engraving, reproducing, and multiplying such doubt for anyone to make a repetition or copy or
painting or drawing. . . .” These words imitation of a painting, drawing, or photograph
clearly confer copyright upon all British subjects, without the consent of the proprietor would be a
and upon all persons, whether British subjects wrong done to such proprietor, but it is apparent
or not, resident within the dominions of the that the only protection that that section gives
Crown, in respect to every original painting against such wrong is the prohibition against
drawing, or photograph, whether made in the importation of any such unlawful repetition, &c.,
British dominions or in a foreign country; but into the United Kingdom.
it is quite consistent with that language that the Looking at the Act itself and comparing it with
copyright thus conferred should be confined to 5 & 6 Vict. cap. 45, I have to come to the conclu-
Great Britain. By sect. 4 no proprietor of any sion that there is nothing on its face to indicate
such copyright is entitled to the benefit of the that the copyright thereby conferred extended
Act until registration at Stationers' Hall. As beyond the United Kingdom.
has been pointed out in the cases, the copyright I find that Lindley, L.J., in Tuck and Sons v.
is conferred by sect. I, but the benefit of the Act Priester (19 Q. B. D. at p. 643) was apparently
is withheld until registration. By sect. 6 penal- of that opinion. His language was: “It appears
ties are enacted for importation into any part of to me, therefore, that there was vested in the
the United Kingdom of paintings, &c., which are present plaintiffs a copyright in this picture, but
an infringement of the copyright. By sect. 8 it that that copyright was conferred by the Act and
is provided that pecuniary penalties may be was confined to this country. They had no copy-
recovered before certain courts in England, right abroad. There was no piracy ; there was
Ireland, and Scotland, and sect. 9 gives power to nothing 'unlawful' in copying in Germany or
Her Majesty's Superior Courts of Record at West elsewhere abroad that picture in which the plain-
minster and in Dublin to give protection and tiffs had acquired a copyright under this Act. If
relief in cases of infringement. By sect. 10 by virtue of the international treaties the plaintiffs.
importation into the United Kingdom is pro- have a copyright in Germany we have not been
hibited.
informed of it, and I assume they have not. They
So far, apart from the prohibition on importa. are not at liberty, therefore, to complain under
tion, there is nothing to indicate any intention this Act of any infringement of their copyright
to deal with any act done outside of the United which took place abroad, for they had no copy-
Kingdom.
right abroad.”
These actions to which I have referred, when Although the learned judge was not dealing
contrasted with the provisions of 5 & 6 Vict. with an infringement within the dominions of the
cap. 45, which is made expressly to extend to Crown, it is, I think, clear that he would have
every part of the British dominions, give great used similar language if he had been dealing with
strength to the argument that it is manifest that such a case, and his language is a complete answer
Parliament in passing 25 & 26 Vict. cap. 68, to the argument which was based upon the lan-
was legislating only for copyright in the United guage of sect. 10 of cap. 68—namely, " which con-
Kingdom, and was not dealing with a copyright trary to the provisions of this Act shall have been
conferred for the whole of the dominions of the made in any foreign State or in any part of the
Crown.
British dominions.” It was urged that that
## p. 137 (#191) ############################################
THE AUTHOR.
137
language showed that an infringement made in Mollwo 1. Court of Wards (1872) (L. R. 4, at p.
any part of the British dominions was contrary 173); Earl of Shrewsbury v. Scott (1859) (6
to the provisions of that Act, but if so equally C. B. N. S., at p. 141); Metcalfe v. Hanson
would be an infringement outside of the British (1866) (L. R., at 250); Labrador Company r. The
dominions.
Queen (1893) (A. C. 104).
But it was further urged that the effect of As I read cap 33 of 49 & 50 Vict. I do not
49 & 50 Vict. cap. 33, the International Copy- find any declaration of the meaning of cap. 68 of
right Act 1886 was to extend the provisions of 25 & 26 Vict.
cap. 68 to all parts of the British dominions, and The concluding words of sect. 9 were much
if not, that the language, especially of sects. 8 pressed upon me by Mr. Small : “ But save as
and 9, amounted to a declaration by the Imperial provided by such declaration the said Acts and
Parliament that the provisions of 25 & 26 Vict. this Act shall apply to every British possession
cap. 68 did so extend.
as if it were a part of the United Kingdom.”
It must be remembered that 49 & 50 Vict. When we come to see what the words “the
cap. 33 was passed to extend to authors of literary said Acts and this Act” embraced, we find by
and artistic works first published in a foreign looking at the first schedule that only sect. 12
country copyright in Great Britain in return for of cap. 68 is included. But Mr. Small urged
copyright extended to British authors in such that as sect. 12 of cap. 68 introduced into that
foreign country, and was not intended to extend Act the provisions of Imp. 7 & 8 Vict. cap. 12, it
the copyright conferred by any previous Act. showed manifestly that cap. 68 extended the
We should not, therefore, expect to find a copyright to the whole of the dominions of the
clause declaring that the copyright conferred by Crown,
cap. 68 was extended beyond the territorial limits When we look at the provisions of Imp. 7 & 8
named in that Act, unless, indeed, it were neces Vict. c. 12, we find that its effect is stated in the
sary for the working out of the provisions of that last recital as follows : “And whereas the powers
Act.
vested in Her Majesty by the said International
Sect. 8 provides: “The Copyright Acts”. Copyright Act are insufficient to enable Her
(which include 25 & 26 Vict. cap. 68) “shall, Majesty to confer upon authors of books first
subject to the provisions of this Act, apply to a published in foreign countries copyright of like
literary or artistic work first produced in a duration, and with the like remedies for the
British possession in like manner that they apply infringement thereof which are conferred and
to a work first produced in the United Kingdom.” provided by the said Copyright Amendment Act
This did not extend the language of sect. I of with respect to authors of books first published
25 & 26 Vict. cap. 68, which conferred copy. in the British dominions ..and it is
right upon the persons within the class named expedient to vest increased powers in Her Majesty
with respect to every painting, &c., whether made in this respect. . . .”
in British dominions or elsewhere, unless the There is nothing here to show that by its
word "production” includes more than the word introduction into cap. 68 it was intended to
“made," which I do not understand to be the extend the limits of the copyright conferred by
case, and in any event the section only enlarges that Act. The confining of the declaration in
the rights and privileges of the proprietors of such sect. 9 of 45 & 50 Vict. cap. 33 to sect. 12 of
works, and does not purport to extend the rights cap. 68 is significant. Either sect. I of cap. 68
is of copyright conferred by the copy. did confer copyright extending throughout
right Acts.
the dominions of the Crown, or it did not. If it
It must be remembered that in drafting did, then sect. 12 would be as wide in its applica-
sect. 8 the draftsman had in mind that he was tion as sect. i for the purpose for which it was
preparing a section wbich must cover not only enacted, and there was no necessity for declaring
25 & 26 Vict. cap. 68, but cap. 45 of 5 & 6 Vict. that either section extended beyond the United
I see nothing in sect. 8 which indicates any inten- Kingdom; and, if it did not, the confining of the
tion to extend the copyright conferred by that declaration to sect. 12, and thus excluding sect. I,
Act beyond the limits of the United Kingdom. shows that Parliament carefully avoided extend-
Some of the language of sect. 8 is more pecu- ing the effect of sect. I as originally passed. I
liarly applicable to the provisions of cap. 45. find noihing iu sect. 12 of cap. 68, or in 7 & 8
Even if that section was passed in forgetíulness Vict. cap. 12, or in 49 & 50 Vict. cap. 33, or in the
of the fact, if it be a fact that the copyright con- reason for passing such Act, to lead me to the
ferred by 25 & 26 Vict. cap. 68 did not extend conclusion tbat it was intended to extend the
beyond the United Kingdom, such forgetfulness copyright conferred by sect. I of cap. 68 beyond
or mistake would not enlarge scope of such Act: the limits of the United Kingdom.
## p. 138 (#192) ############################################
138
THE AUTHOR.
The result is that I must hold that the copy- play they apply of necessity, in almost all cases, to
right conferred by 25 & 26 Vict. cap. 68, sect. 1, Messrs. French, who have what is, in effect, a
was confined to the United Kingdom and did not monopoly of such performances (for it is obviously
extend to Canada, and that the plaintiff is not only the amateurs who could need any safeguard.
entitled to the injunction asked for. His motion, ing in this matter). And Mr. French's manager
therefore, must be dismissed with costs in the has told me many times that virtually every
cause to the defendant in any event.
application to act a copyright play in public, is
In addition to the cases to which I have accompanied by a request that the author will
referred, the following further authorities may consent to forego his fee,“ since the performance is
be referred to :—Smiles v. Belford (1877) (1 for a charity”—as all amateur performances are.
A. R. 436); “ Copinger on Copyright,” 3rd Thus the public knows perfectly well that if it
edit.; “Scrutton on Copyright," 3rd edit.; wants to perform a play it must pay the author.
“Winslow on Artistic Copyright”; and “Lefroy Moreover, the author is in a totally different posi-
on Legislative Power in Canada."
tion from that of the musician. It is as much a
necessity for the composer of ballads to publish
his work, as it is for the novelist; so that he, by
II.-THE NEW COPYRIGHT BILL.
mere custom, knows what publication means and
involves—and if he does not his publisher, as a
May I write to confirm Mr. Sydney Grundy's matter of course, can tell him. But it is not the
statement that the Copyright Bill is “ not drafted custom of English dramatists to publish copies of
from the point of view of a playwright" ?
their plays - indeed, they cannot do so without
The framers of the Bill have assumed that the certain troublesome precautions, if they desire to
positions of the dramatist and the musical com retain their American rights; and all but a very
poser are the same. They are, as a fact, diametri. few publishers are, in consequence, quite as
cally opposite.
ignorant of the laws affecting play-publication as
In practically every case the composer of a song the authors.
makes his profit out of the sale of printed copies Suppose, then, that a dramatist publishes his
of that song. Far from charging the performer play out of a laudable ambition to prove that it
anything, he sometimes pays him a commission is literature—or, if he is a beginner, with a
on the sale of these copies.
desperate hope that some stray manager, seeing
In practically every case the dramatist makes it reviewed, may buy a copy; and suppose, in
his profit out of the fees paid to him by managers this latter case, that he has it printed and pub-
who perform his plays. When he prints and lished by some local printer who has never been
publishes copies, it is generally for the sake of inside a theatre-a thing I have done a dozen
getting them acted, or for convenience in acting; times myself, and Mr. Louis Parker, and other
occasionally from a lingering desire to prove that dramatists I could name. Here is then a trap
the drama may still be literature; hardly ever to set for such a dramatist—who, if he omits to put
make money by their sale.
on his title-page a statement which the custom
It has been proved by the notorious “Harry of the profession has made quite unnecessary,
Wall” cases that the public needs to be pro. forfeits-according to this new Bill—every penny
tected in the matter of songs whose “perform- of author's fees which that play might have
ing right” is reserved. Singers know so well brought him in.
that, in nearly all cases, a musician is only “Ă Lawyer," in your last issue, asked for some
too glad to have his song performed without practical suggestion, not mere destructive criti-
charge, that they are apt to take a song and sing cism. I would suggest that the omission of the
it as a matter of course, without asking questions: words “ or dramatic” in clause 5, section 7, of
thus falling into the trap set for them by any Lord Monkswell's Bill would remedy a defect
owner of a copyright who desires, in effect, to which, as it stands, must set every dramatist
blackmail them. And the custom of the pro- against the Bill. And I may add that the
fession is so universal that a composer who did Dramatic Sub-committee of the Authors' Society
not wish his songs to be performed gratis would were unanimous on this point.
know that he must specially announce the fact;
EDWARD Rose.
so that there is no hardship in his being legally 30, Lynd
obliged to do this.
Dec. 8, 1900.
But the plea of public advantage cannot be
11.
put forward in the case of dramatic works; at “A Lawyer” raises very courteously and clearly
least it cannot be put forward with truth. When certain points which I anticipated would be raised,
members of the public desire to perform a modern and which I respectfully submit are unsound. In
## p. 139 (#193) ############################################
THE AUTHOR.
139
reference to clause 5, section 7, he writes : “It rights, copyright and stage-right, for the author's
appears that if a book” of a play is published life and for thirty or fifty years after his death-
without the notice” reserving the performing rights which must be separately assigned even if to
right, “the question will be: Did the author the same person, so that the assignment of the
assent to the book being published in the par- one did not convey the other unless it were
ticular form and without this notice ?” To me specifically mentioned — what more would any
it appears that under that section the question author want. The writer of books would be
will be: Did the owner of the copyright assent to protected, the writer of plays would be protected,
the publication of the copy of the book, and there would be no vexatious formalities, and the
as a matter of fact does it or does it not pirate would be checkmated. Rather than throw
contain this notice? The owner might very well the whole subject into confusion, for the sake
assent to the publication and forget all about the of protecting vocalists who innocently sing copy.
notice, or even be unaware that any red tape was right songs--and this is where all the trouble
necessary in so simple a matter. To justify “ A comes in---let them be dealt with hy a special
Lawyer's" contention, the section should run: provision.
" And that from such copy the notice was omitted I am sure we are all deeply grateful to Lord
with the express assent of the owner of the copy. Monkswell for endeavouring to improve our
right.” But it runs quite differently : “And that positions ; but apart from the period of pro-
such copy was published with the assent of the tection, playwrights are perfectly satisfied with
owner of the copyright, and does not contain the the law as it stands, and I cannt agree with “A
notice.”
Lawyer” that in other respects, so far as play-
“A Lawyer" dismisses as “ quite untenable” wrights are concerned, the Bill does anything but
my view that “it inight even be argued that the make crooked what is already perfectly straight.
section is retrospective”; but he does not point
SYDNEY GRUNDY.
out where the section provides that “such copy”
must have been published after the Act has come
into force. The section says simply, “a copy."
III.--THE AMERICAN SOCIETY.
I submit, it might be an old copy. If I were the The following paragraph has been takeu from
judge, I should probably decide against this the bulletin of the Society of Am-rican Authors:
view; but why leave the wording ambiguous ?
REDUCTION OF POSTAGE ON AUTHORS' MSS.
I quite agree with “A Lawyer" that my unclean The (American) Society proposes to resume actively its
thief“ falls out of the frying-pan into the fire”; work for the reduction of postage on authors' MSS. upon
but that is no answer to the argument. However the opening of Congress in December. Every author is
much he may be punished elsewhere for his interested in this matter, and shoald give the Society his or
immorality, his theft is condoned. “A Lawyer".
À L . her earnest support and assistance A personal interview
or a letter to a member of Congress will be of material
does not controvert the fact that Lord Monkswell,
benefit.
in his anxiety to boycott the immoral author, has
In the same magazine there is an article on
taken the immoral thief to his bosom. It 18 a Authors v. Publishers, by an American publisher.
quaint vindication of virtue.
who states as follows:
On reflection, does not clause 5, section 5, mise
One reason why the agent is less in evidence in this
the whole question of morality in art ? Just as country than in Eogland is the greater loyalty of American
the defaulting speculator may plead gaming as a authors to their publishers. Over there you will find a
defence, might not the pirate say of any play : successful writer often represented in the lists of many
* What you accuse me of stealing is immoral,
different publishers. Here there is a much greater tendency
therefore there is no copyright? ” Even if the
among authors to stay by the houses that have made a
success of their works and that have become identified with
pirate be estopped from raising this defence, might them, and this tendency is not encouraging to the activity
the point not be raised by the judge on a question of the literary agent, among the more successful of them at
of non-suit, and a profound problem in ethics be any rate.
substituted for a simple question of copyright ? We should like to point out, however, that
What is the use of this section ? There is already there is no question of loyalty between an author
a law to deal with immorality, sedition, &c. ; why and a publisher, it is merely a matter of business.
mix them up with copyright?
One reason why the successful writer in Eng-
“A Lawyer” says my remarks are “entirely land has taken lately to changing his publisher
destructive." Maj I call his attention to the has been fully explained in last month's Author.
penultimate passage of my article, and ask him The publisher binds the author to him for two
to consider how much ground is covered by the and sometimes three successive books, with the
suggestion it contains ? If there were vested in disastrous result, as shown exhaustively in the
every literary work two separate and distinct article referred to, that he practically neglects the
VOL. II.
## p. 140 (#194) ############################################
140
THE AUTHOR.
pushing of the author's book beyond a certain Is this matter one which, like royalty and
limit, as he feels quite safe in securing the next advertising accounts, must be necessarily confided
two. This treatment at the hands of a publisher to the virtue of the publisher ? Or, would the
naturally makes the author turn to someone who publisher's contention be that in the event of such
will treat him better.
an infringement an author's action would lie, if
The English author is as willing as the anywhere, against the reader personally ?
American author to keep his books in the hands
of one publisher if that publisher will give him
A RISKY JOB.
a fair contract and will take an interest in pusbing The inquiry is not without interest because of
the work he produces.
the likelihood of unconscious appropriation. I
Another reason why sometimes the publisher know an aspiring playwright who wished to have
is changed does not spring from the author, but his efforts examined by Mr. Bronson Howard,
springs froin the competition in the publishing the dean of our dramatists. Mr. Howard cour-
trade.
teously refused. He said that once he had
The following paragraph comes from the same innocently embodied in one of his own pieces an
paper :
pisode contained in a friend's manuscript play
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY INCORPORATED. which had been submitted to him for his advice.
The D. Appleton Company, of New York City, with a The play had been forgotten, but the incident
capital of 3,000,000 dollars, has been incorporated. The
stuck in a corner of his mind, and when he found
purposes for which the company is to be formed are to
it there, many years afterwards, it had all the ear-
purchase, acquire, and carry on the book-printing and pub-
lishing and other business of D. Appleton and Company,
marks of an original idea. His angry friend
the Appleton Manufacturing Company, and the A. J. accused him of treachery and theft, and he then
Johnson Company, and to continue and carry on the publi. and there solemnly vowed never again to read an
cations heretofore owned and carried on by said corpora-
unproduced or unprinted dramatic composition.
tions.
Mr. Howard's experience is common enough, I
daresay. From the author's standpoint, the ideal
manuscript reader is a person to whom the career
AMERICAN LETTER.
of writer is an accursed and forbidden thing, but
where such a rarity can be found the publisher
New York City, Dec. 11, 1900.
neither knows nor cares. He relies pleasantly
upon the average honesty of mankind. Moreover,
I UST a publishing house insure an author ' lax treatment of manuscripts occasionally pre-
V against the possible dishonesty of its vails here which might disturb our authors were
manuscript readers The other day a there not counter-irritants. One editor, for
young and unknown writer submitted a manu-
example, is in the habit of reading unpublished
script novel for the consideration of a New York and unaccepted manuscripts to his family and to
publisher. At the conclusion of the introductory the guests fortunate enough to be within his
interview the author asked for a guarantee that hospitable gates. In theory, at least, this prac.
in case the book was declined, none of her ideas tice has its risks.
would be stolen, consciously or unconsciously, by
the editorial examiners in the publisher's employ.
MARK TWAIN AT HOME.
The publisher was amused, surprised, and ulti. The public welcome of Mark Twain to his
mately puzzled. He had some difficulty in con. native land came somewhat tardily, but for the
vincing himself that the request was unreasonable. past month Mr. Clemens has been dined, supped,
The author argued that the publisher was in the and breakfasted to the content of his heart and
legal position of a voluntary bailee of literary the probable damage of his digestion. His friends
property, for the integrity of which he was tempo. and fellow-craftsmen were curious to learn in
rarily responsible. He would be clearly liable what way Mr. Clemens's residence in England
if the manuscript itself were stolen by a clerk. had affected his Americanism. Their curiosity
But the extraordinary nature of the property has now been appeased. Before Mr. Clemens's
exposes it to extraordinary danger, which must sea legs had adjusted themselves, he procured the
be considered by one dealing in it. What arrest and punishment of a rapacious New York
if the conception of the story were stolen by the cabman who overcharged his cook. Sad to relate,
publisher's reader, afflicted with the perilous it is unusual here thus to sacrifice time and
combination of dishonesty and cacoethes scribendi? take trouble to improve the public service,
This particular publisher speedily discovered the and Mr. Clemens's course awakened inuch favour.
solution of the problem. He declined the manu- able comment, in which it was pointed out that
script without further delay.
this was the “ London way of doing things."
## p. 141 (#195) ############################################
THE AUTHOR.
141
Moreover, the episode gave Mr. Clemens a chance Edward Bok, director of the Ladies' Home
to coin one of his characteristically neat phrases, Journal. Mr. Bok is going forth a-lecturing this
wbich ran : “Every good citizen is an unclassified winter upon the general subject of editorial
policeman.” It has been announced that, under methods and the way to meet them. His pro-
a special agreement, Mr. Clemens will write exclu. spectus promises a complete disclosure of the
sively for the house of Harper and Brothers. secrets of the prison house. He will explain, he
You doubtless know that Mr. W. D. Howells is says, why bad manuscripts are accepted and why
bound by a similar agreement to the same firm; good manuscripts are declined; he will set forth
furthermore, he serves the house regularly as the advantages and the disadvantages of a per-
literary adviser-in-chief, and writes a department sonal acquaintanceship with the editor, and the
in its monthly magazine. With both Mr. Clemens truth about cliques in magazine offices; and he
and Mr. Howells under their banner, the re- will tell the aspirants how to behave when they
organised Harpers are resuming their march with interview a publisher, and coach them in the most
a more hopeful and a firmer stride.
approved systems of compelling the acceptance
of their manuscripts. Mr. Bok is a clever young
REDUCING EXPENSES.
man. Popular interest in the subject of his
Mr. John Wanamaker, the proprietor of Every lecture is ready-made in advance, and success may
body's Magazine, has latterly accomplished an be predicted for his venture, both in the sale of
interesting divorce between the purely commercial tickets and in advertising the Ladies' Home
and the purely literary sides of magazine making. Journal. The hint is worth cultivating, perhaps,
Mr. Wanamaker is of a thrifty turn of mind, and in other fields.
it occurred to him that the editorial expenses of
Everybody's were making a hole in his profits.
THE PUBLISHERS' ASSOCIATION.
Query : Why support a separate editorial office In one direction there was significance in our
for his monthly? Why not farm out the editing book trade, too often a meaningless mass of
to some publishers whose plant is already volumes thrown helter skelter upon the market.
equipped for such work, and who might be This year, however, there seemed to be a marked
willing to job the editorial labour for a lump and commendable increase in sound, dignified
sum, less than the amount which Mr. Wanamaker editions of the classics, designed primarily for the
was compelled to pay for a private editorial season, but minus the conventionally flashy
establishment ? No sooner said than done; it is adornments which are supposed to embellish the
now reported, on what seems to be good autho usual Christmas publications. The Scribners
rity, that the firm of Doubleday, Page and Co. offer a Dickens; the Harpers, a Scott; Crowell
will hereafter edit Everybody's Magazine, select and Company advertise Balzac and Tolstoi ;
the material, and layout its policy. Mr. Thomas Nelson has a new Thackeray; Brentano a
Wanamaker prints it, sells it, and takes the “Pilgrim's Progress," and so on. The promised
financial consequences. A scheme of this kind effect of the uew“ Publishers' Association " was
allows a publishing concern to edit any number not in evidence, nor does it yet appear. Our
of magazines at wholesale rates. In fact, Messrs. retail bookseller is having as hard a time as ever
Doubleday and Page already have a periodical in his apparently hopeless competition with the
of their own, called The World's Work. A vast large jobber, who can buy so many books from
editorial clearing house is suggested by Mr. the publisher that he obtains an exceptional
Wanamaker's enterprise.
discount. Indeed, I am not aware that the
heralded association has accomplished anything
Mr. Bok Aş COACH.
at all except the election of officers.
The recent phenomenal success in this country
of previously untried writers of fiction has had
MR. KIPLING'S LAWSUIT.
the effect of enormously increasing the output of Mr. Kipling's litigations in our courts always
amateurs' manuscripts. It is a constant marvel attract attention. À deposition made by him
how so many people find time to write so much. before a London notary was received the other
Stimulated by the fact that two or three novelists day. It is one of the papers in the suit brought
have become capitalists in a few years, the recruit by Mr. Kipling for alleged infringement of copy.
ing lists of the army of would-be authors are right against various American publishers. It
assuming proportions which are alarming. In will be remembered that he declares the “Out-
this state of things one would think that the ward Bound ” edition, published by the Scribners,
editors would only find despair and vexation of to be the only one authorised by him. The docu-
spirit, but one editor, at least, proposes to turn ment recently received is voluminous, and said to
the situation to profitable account. This is Mr. contain startling statements concerning American
## p. 142 (#196) ############################################
142
THE AUTHOR.
publishers, and facts relating to the editing and
rearrangement of the Kipling stories. Upon the
objection of the author's attorney, however, the
reporters were not allowed to copy any of it. The
trial is set for February, when the mysterious
affidavit will be made public.
John RUSSELL Davidson.
-(1) That of the elder of the two sons of the
vivacious “Gyp” (Comtesse de Martel); (2)
that of the unfortunate Mr. Oscar Wilde ; (3)
that of M. Armand Fresnau, the blind senator,
who died leaving in a half-finished condition
his interesting “Mémoires Parlementaires," a
voluminous autobiography, which he was dictat-
ing to his younger daughter ; (4) that of Mme.
Edgar Quinet, whose • Cinquante ans d'amitié”
appeared a few months ago; and (5) that of M.
Edmond Tarbé, an esteemed Parisian journalist,
dramatist, and novelist.
PARIS LETTER.
4 bis, rue des Beaux-Arts.
M. ZOLA ON THE MODERN NOVEL.
T HE death of M. J. Valfrey, who (under the MM. Théodore Cahu and Forest are the authors
I pseudonym of “Whist ") had for years of a recent novel entitled “Vers la Paix,” which,
contributed to the Figaro a series of among other dedicatory notices to crowned heads
brilliant articles on foreign politics, occurred and illustrious personages, contains one addressed
immediately after the despatch of my last letter to M. Emile Zola, who " shook the world without
A man of high moral value, remarkable insight, a sword and conquered it without an army.” The
and lofty ideal, he, nevertheless, can scarcely be “ Travail ” of the latter author is now appearing
regarded as a typical Parisian writer, since, in serial form in the Aurore, while his “ Assom-
despite his superior abilities, he never occupied moir” has just scored a big success at the Porte-
the prominent position in the public eye and Saint-Martin Theatre. The great novelist lately
sympathy to which Francisque Sarcey, Pierre expressed himself in the following terms when
Véron, and other lesser journalists attained. asked his opinion re the tendency of the modern
Characteristic anecdotes of the man himself are novel :-
strangely lacking, considering the importance “Nothing is more difficult than to determine
attached to his political articles by European the evolutions of literature. .. You cannot
diplomatists. Of bourgeois origin, he quitted follow a straight line; ... the novel is a
his native Besançon, and established himself at social and human manifestation. It goes from
an early age in Paris, where having attracted , one Pole to the other, from realism to idealism
attention by several historical appreciations whose (réve) in obeying multiple evolutions. It under
merit was at once recognised-he entered the goes continual fluctuations. In addition, the
diplomatic corps under the patronage of Count geniuses, yet unborn, who will displace and
Chaudordy. In 1878 the Conservatives went out change everything, have to be taken into
of power. At that moment Valfrey, who filled account. ...
the posts of Minister-Plenipotentiary and member “Does the novel show a greater bias towards
of the Superior Commission of the Quai d'Orsay perversity and obscenity than towards honest and
Archives, was about to become Ambassador. He healthy passions ? Qui en sait-on ? There are
steadfastly refused to continue in office under the filthy minds everywhere.... Certain works
new Ministry, preferring to share the downfall of are necessary to certain people. . . .
his friends. He, however, consented to remain a “I believe in a humanity which advances—as
member of the Quai d'Orsay Commission. Shortly much from a literary as a social point of view.
after he became a contributor to the Moniteur Humanity is, advancing some-whither. Slowly it
Universel, and it paramount authority on all directs itself towards its goal-three steps for-
questions connected with foreign politics. He ward, two backward. But the ground gained
quitted the Moniteur to enter the Figaro staff, remains. The truths acquired can never more
where he remained until his death.
become errors....
“Upright in all his actions, a sure and faithful “Since, in the domain of science, ideas have
friend, benevolent, tolerant, ironical without enlarged, it would be singular if writers did not
gall, witty without bitterness, never blindly con- advance also-not towards more genius, but
demning his adversaries, but professing for the towards more truth. And if there be a dénoue-
convictions of others the respect he demanded ment, it will be that of the art of reality. The
for his own”-such is the testimony borne him oscillations of the pendulum of literature are
by his comrades of the Figaro.
more and more lengthened towards truth, more and
Five other deaths connected with literature more shortened towards error. For myself, I am
have likewise occurred during the past month : inclined to believe that--if there be a return to
## p. 143 (#197) ############################################
THE AUTHOR.
143
idealism-it will be only temporary. ...
The future belongs to the novel of observation.”
FOREIGN INFLUENCES.
One of the most important results of the
great Exhibition from a literary point of view
has, perhaps, been the stimulus given to public
curiosity regarding the national literature of the
late foreign guests of France. The immense
success of Count Wodzinoki's translations of the
"Quo Vadis” and “Par le Feu et par le Feu"
of the celebrated Polish novelist, M. Henry
Sienkiewicz, has paved the way for a crowd of
foreign authors. Judging from appearances, the
translation of “La Mort des Dieux”—a romance
of the life of the Roman Emperor Julian the
Apostate, by M. Dmitry de Merejkowsky, one of
the most talented chiefs of the younger school of
Russian novelists-is also likely to boast more
than a hundred editions. Meantime Mme. Judith
Gautier is engaged in dramatising the famous
Japanese legend of the Cavalier and the Geisha,
M. Emile Moreau having just concluded the same
friendly office for "Quo Vadis” - which play is
now being rehearsed at the Purte-Saint-Martin
Theatre. Nor have representative Spanish and
German artistes had any reason to do otherwise
than applaud the welcome received, as both
Senor Diaz de Mendoza and Fraülein Marie
Barkany can respectively testify. Japan is
further represented by an interesting account of
the Japanese novel published in the Revue des
Revues by M. Hitomi, delegate of the Formosa
Government; while extracts from Lord Rosebery's
impartial and masterly work on Napoleon have.
appeared in several journals and met with general
appreciation and approval. M. Augustin Filon's
French translation of the latter volume will
shortly be issued by Hachette.
MESSIEURS LES ÉTUDIANTS.
The newly-founded Society of the “ Restaurant
Co-operatif des Étudiants du Quartier Latin "-
due to the praiseworthy initiative of M. Henri
Hayem, a young legal student of that quarter-
cannot be too highly commended. Its object is
to provide a good and healthy repast to the needy
student—the chrysalis author and embryo genius
-at a minimum fee. It inculcates habits of
temperance by strictly prohibiting the sale of
alcohol on its premises. A capital of 30,000 francs
is secured by means of 1200 shares at 25 francs
each. A first deposit of 2 francs 50 centimes is
required, the remainder of the 25 francs being
accumulated by the payment of a halfpenny per
meal. With two meals per day, in less than
eight months the student becomes the owner of a
share which brings him in 4 per cent. interest.
On the administrative council of the society
we find the names of M. Charles Gide, Professor
we find the names of
of Social Economy at the Ecole de Droit, and M.
Tannery, sub-director of the Superior Normal
School.
The association entitled “Solidarité universi-
taire” is also of recent origin and merits
encouragement. It endeavours to draw together
poor students of all nationalities, in order to aid
them in gaining a livelihood by procuring them
suitable employment, —-viz., summaries of impor-
tant works, bibliographical referenda, transla-
tions of foreign books and memoranda, copies of
extracts, or architectural designs, &c. A com-
petent committee superintends the careful execu-
tion of any work entrusted to the association.
During the six months the “Solidarité univer-
sitaire” has been in existence it has received,
and satisfactorily carried out, orders amounting
to a total of 7000 francs.
MODERN Æsthetics.
“ The people have a right to beauty. ..
The education of the people is achieved little by
little. The first step is to give it a taste for the
theatre... It is the imperious duty of a
democracy to invite all its children to spectacles
of artistic beauty. Art, like science, is a universal
property.”
The above phrases form part of the creed of
M. Gustave Charpentier, the young and talented
composer of Louise. He has endeavoured to
realise his generous theories by asking the
dramatic authors of the French stage to relin-
quish their “ billets d'auteur" every Monday, so
that “a spectacle of artistic beauty" may rejoice,
once a year, the unaccustomed eyes of the thirty
thousand little workwomen of Paris. The boon
he asks means only a small sacrifice to the
wealthy and popular dramatist. But what about
the young and needy play-writer who dares not
avow his poverty-whom the proposed innovation
must necessarily rob of the few luxuries which he
has so dearly earned, and so rarely enjoys ?
Space forbids more than a passing mention of
the foundation of the College of Modern
Æsthetics, “ société d'art et de solidarité," directed
by M. Saint-Georges de Bouhélier, the young
chief of the naturalistic school. Its aim is to
inculcate the cult of beauty, to group the new
artists, and to form a kind of common meeting
place where poets, authors, painters, musicians,
sculptors, can meet and fraternize together. M.
Emile Zola has accepted the post of honorary
president to the new college.
RECENT PUBLICATIONS.
“L'Aiglon," of M. Edmond Rostand, in book
form, whose sale--through some publishing ruse
## p. 144 (#198) ############################################
1:44
THE AUTHOR.
-was reported to have reached its fifty-first that the annual subscriptions will be partly-
edition in a single day; “L'Auteur Mondain,' a namely, two-thirds-transferred to the principal
most interesting roman à clef, dealing with the account. Thus out of every $100 subscribed
literary and Academical side of Parisian life, annually, £66 will go to swell the capital and £33
written by M. Edmond Deschaumes, the friend odd will be available for pension purposes. In
of Alexandre Dumas fils, and the bermit of a this way, every £100 of subscriptions will in
little “ Trappe” at Marly-le-Roi; “Au pays ten years' time become £660 of additional capital,
Natal,” by M. Henry Bordeaux, being the first wbile £330 will have been used for pension pur-
novel of the young and brilliant critic of the poses. We begin in February next with a
Revue Hebdomadaire ; “ Newman, sa vie et ses modest income, therefore, available for pensions
Euvres,” by Mlle. Lucie Faure, daughter of of about £54. This is not much, but it is a good
the late French President; and the thirteenth beginning, and the constitution of the Fund with
edition, augmented and revised, of M. Dieula. the names of the trustees and of the committen
foy's celebrated "Manuel de Pathologie Interne," of management will certainly inspire confidence.
whose sale has long since broken the literary
-
record of French pathological works. “ La Demi
République," by M. Léouzon Le Duc, a volume
Meantime, the members of the Society must
of notes and reflections on the political condition
realise that in creating this Fund we are doing
of France, which has given rise to much discus.
for Literature what has never been done before : that
sion in certain circles; “Les Deux Étreintes," a
the success of the Fund concerns every member,
sensational novel, by M. Léon Daudet; “Un
rich or poor, because it is the interest of the
Homme d'Affaires," a volume of short tales by
richer members that Literature shall support
M. Paul Bourget; and “ Amour, amour ------ " by
those who are broken down in their work, and
M. Pierre Veber, a journalist, novelist, critic, and
because there is no member who may not look
dramatist, well acquainted with the humours of
forward to possible help from this source? It
the Parisian public.
becomes, therefore, the plain duty of every
DARRACOTTE SCOTT.
member to help on the Fund. The Committee
want the scheme to be supported by all alike :
but they do not expect from everybody large sub-
NOTES AND NEWS.
scriptions. Those who cannot afford to give largely
may send up annual subscriptions of quite small
IT had been intended to present, especially for
sums. They need not be in the least ashamed of
this small amount. The great thing is that,
| the information of those publishers who
go about saying that the Society of Authors
among the 1500 members of the Society, we
has done “no harm," meaning that it has
should get a recognition of the principle that the
effected for the authors no good, a short account
time for begging of the public has gone by, and
of what the Society has actually accomplished in
that Literature should be well able, like any
spite of the enormous difficulties which at the other profession, to keep those of its members
outset stood in its way. It bad also been intended
who are old, or sick, or broken down.
to present some of the possibilities of the Society
and the aims which the members ought to keep
Consider in how prosperous a condition the
before themselves. It has been found impossible Pension Fund would be if 1200 of the members
for various reasons to carry out this intention for could give it each ios. a year! That would mean
the January number. It is, however, hoped that we £600 a year, or £400 transferred to capital and
shall be able to do so for the following number
£200 given in pensions every year. In ten years
there would be from this source alone £4000, or
£100 a year, which with the third of the subscrip-
It has been suggested that a very useful con. tions would give us £300 a year for Pensions :
tribution to these pages would be a few plain and ten at £30 a year, or six at £50 a year.
simple directions as to the publication of books at
the cost of the authors. For many reasons this
The Society has been created and has so
information is very much wanted. The Author
in an early number will supply it.
far been successfully run on the principle of
united action for the defence of literary pro.
perty. We ask now for an extension of the
The Pension List (see p. 134) has made a very principle, viz., for united action in the main-
fair start. The principal starts with an investment tenance of the few who want lifelong assistance.
of over £1250 and with a promised subscription, to Surely in such a cause we shall not ask in vain!
begin with, of £100 odd. It must be remembered
WALTER BESANT,
## p. 145 (#199) ############################################
THE AUTHOR.
-145
ON BOOKS AND REVIEWS.
the n+ith edition. But, when they have time to
read, they do buy the works of those novelists
TN another columu will be found a letter from who can write; to whom they can look with con-
1 a correspondent who advances two proposi. fidence for a few hours' magnetic absorption ;
tions: first, that authors do not buy books, whom they have learned to respect and to trust.
and next, that reviews are intended for the guidance And I find that the libraries of these novelists
of readers. With regard to the first proposition, continually grow : on their shelves you will find
one would object that those authors who write many of the best novels of the day-not all the
on special subjects, whether of history, politics, best, not the most popular, perhaps, but some
literature, or social science in any branch : of the best, with a catholic taste for all kinds
theology in any of its branches : educational books among the best. That these shelves also contain
in any branch: political economy : science of the other new books on other subjects is an indication
past and present: trade and commerce : mechanics and a measure of their general culture, in which it
and engineering : travel and geography: anthro. will not be pretended that novelists are behind the
pology: surgery and medicine : physiology, or, rest of the educated world.
indeed, any other subject on which there exists
a literature, must have a library and must buy the
new books on their own subjects. This disposes The second proposition is that reviewing, or
of a very large number of authors--by far the criticism, is intended as it guide to readers. The
vreater number--who must be excepted from this statement assumes a very limited function for the
proposition. We may take next essayists; critic. That the reader should turn to the
critics; those who, without being critics, write columns of criticism for guidance is natural, but
appreciative, and in some cases delightful, papers these columns are by no means necessarily
and books on literary subjects and on writers; meant for him. They are-or should be, which
and those who devote themselves to one author is not quite the same thing-designed, first of all,
to whose life, letters, friends, and circumstances to mark and to illustrate the present condition
they devote the best of their own lives; such an of literature: to maintain a standard, and to
one for instance as the late Dykes Campbell, keep before the world the canons of criticism.
whose labours on Coleridge will be remembered They are designed, in the next place, to consider
long after most of the present generation of the work of an author by means of these canons :
writers are clean forgotten. All these writers to examine into the original intention of his
must have a library : must keep up with their work, and to show how that intention has been
own subjects: must find new material continually, carried out, with special reference to other condi-
and must buy new books. Then follow the tions in the work. In poetry and fiction the
poets. My own experience is that poets are the artistic treatment of the subject must be con.
most “ literary ” of all men : that they delight, sidered ; in didactic work, lucidity of expression
above all others, in a library: and that they buy and clearness of ideas; in history and biography
all the new books which attract them. As regards the building up of character, the following of
the dramatists, my experience is smaller. So far, effect on cause; and in every case, style. The
it amounts to this, that every thing which belongs critic therefore is--or should be, which, again, is
to a theatre, to the history of the drama, to the not the same thing--the watchdog of literature.
lives of players, interests them, and that they buy refusing an entrance to the aspirant except on
books on these subjects, and delight in improving conditions : he should also be the judge. the
and increasing their libraries. Lastly, there re. corrector, the admonisher, the distributor of
mains the Noble Company of Novelists. Perhaps praise or condemnation to the writer under con.
my correspondent, in speaking of “authors,” was sideration. If he is a bad critic he may be
thinking of novelists. Even if that was the case, easily known and recognised by his refraining
can his proposition be allowed? Some novelists, we from praise--because, which is evident if you
must remember, are not rich : they cannot afford think of it, praise commits him to something
the luxury of buying books. Some, again, are definite, a thing from which his incompetence
absorbed in their own work, and pay little atten. naturally shrinks. Fault-finding of a petty kind
tion to other writers, except in the intervals of is, however, easy for anyone : it requires no
their own work. My own proposition would be kind of critical power, and no kind of critical
this. Those novelists who can afford to buy books cultivation. Even the bad critic, however, does
do not go to the stall and take the first that not write professedly to guide the reader; he
offers : nor do they follow the opinions of the still keeps up the ancient tradition that he is
reviewers—for there is no consent among them; called upon to pronounce a judgment on the
nor do they buy a book because it is labelled as in author.
## p. 146 (#200) ############################################
146
THE AUTHOR.
Of course, there is a kind of “reviewing” which “Noticing," not reviewing or criticising, is meant
may be frankly intended as a guide to the reader. by the “Jumping” of books. Merely in order to
In this kind must be classed the “reviews” of “notice,” it is certainly not necessary to read: one
books which are all lumped together, a dozen in may skim-even then it must be weary, dreary,
a batch, with a few lines—say a dozen or twenty dreadful work-half a dozen books a day. The
-devoted to each. The question is whether reduction to an absurdity is when half a dozen
these paragraphs, mostly vague and uncertain, columns or so are every year devoted to Christmas
can or do guide any conceivable reader. For my books. I suppose that no one would pretend that
own part I very much doubt it. The ordinary any reader could possibly be influenced by the line
reader passes them over: why should he read or two devoted to one book among so many. The
them? Why should he pay the least attention reason for these columns is, presumably, to please
to them? Among a dozen weak and flabby publishers, whose advertisements are certainly an
sentences or clauses—they are certainly not judg. important consideration. Now publishers seem
ments-concerning as many new books, unread, quite satisfied--I do not understand why-with
what is there to arrest his mind, or to remain in a single vague line that they can quote.
his memory? It must be borne in mind that the
writer of notices " in the lump” cannot possibly,
as a rule, read the books about which he prattles. The reviews of books in a lump: the columns
Let us take the Spectator for an illustration of of small type under various names : the “ literary
what I mean. If the columns called “Novels of the supplement”: are all survivals of eighty or a
Week” are written by one person-they certainly hundred years ago. The reading public was then
have a show of internal evidence which points to small; it was also scholarly and critical; the
their proceeding from one pen—then that most production of books was limited. There was,
unfortunate person-presumably, still from in. it is true, a certain amount of rubbish produced
ternal evidence, a woman-is actually obliged to by aspirants, who were received with a savage
read eight novels, each, say, of 320 pages, or onslaught and a merciless belabouring which are
2560 pages in all, every week: that is to say, one very rightly regarded at the present day as simply
novel and a third every day; she has then to dish blackguard. There are still one or two organs
up some kind of paragraph on each from ten to where the old blackguard slating is allowed, but
five-and-twenty lines in length-even sometimes as they are few, happily. Apart from the feeble
much as forty or fifty lines. Now let anyone ask bleatings in verse and fiction, such as are now
himself what sense of art, of literary style, of courteously allowed to die unnoticed, every book
instruction, of characterisation, of dramatic power was received as a literary event which demanded
would be left to a helpless reviewer week by week of a serious critical judgment. The monthly maga-
one novel and a third every day, together with the zine first, and the literary journals next, supplied
spinning of the paragraph proffered as—what ?- this judgment. What followed was this: a
a criticism? It cannot be a criticism. A judg- rapid increase in the production of books; an
ment? Of eight books in a week ? A review? enormous, increase of readers; a consequent
With no time to think over the various essentials increase in the demand for new books; the
which are required in a novel, and no time even natural springing up of a supply to meet the
to look for them in the pages of the book? A popular taste for what can hardly be called litera-
“notice”? Yes : it may be a“ notice," because a ture; the continually increasing demand for new
"notice" may mean anything. What is generally reading; and, with all this, the survival of the
proffered is a brief and bald sketch of the plot. old tradition that every book is a literary event,
Now, for a reviewer of a novel to reveal the plot is and that every book must necessarily pass through
by mauy considered as a breach of confidence. the critical mill. In this way we arrive naturally
As for intelligent criticism : for the application at the “review” of books in a lump: at the
of any canons of criticism : for the presenta small type columns of “brief notices": at the
tion of an artistic point of view: for a com- "literary supplement”: at the transformation of
parison of the author's conception and inten. “criticism” into “notices”: and with all this,
tion with his execution-you may look in at the decay, which might have been expected,
those columns yourselves, and form your own in the respect due even to books which with.
judgment. I have named the Spectator : of out doubt do belong to literature. A most
course, there are many other papers which do the amazing and instructive example of this decay
"lumping” business If the columns referred to in the mere power of recognising genius, or even
are done by more than one hand, the remarks importance in literature, was furnished some few
about the time bestowed on reviewing each book years ago, when, in a certain important literary
must be taken as referring to some other paper, journal, a novel by George Meredith-by George
## p. 147 (#201) ############################################
THE AUTHOR.
147
Meredith, if you please, no less !-was actually him see that I noticed it, and shaking him
received and “reviewed” in a vague little para cordially by the hand, invited him to be seated,
graph between two novels by a couple of school when he began :-
girls or their equivalent!
“Mr. Sartain, I have come to you for a refuge
and protection ; will you let me stay with you ?
It is necessary to my safety that I lie concealed
The old tradition must be abandoned if for a time.”
criticism is to return to its former authority and I assured him that he was welcome, that in my
position. The review of a book must become house he would be perfectly safe, and he could
a distinction and a recognition. One does not stay as long as he liked, but I asked him what
demand that there should be nothing but praise. was the matter. He said it would be difficult for
We call for criticism which shall be an intelligent
me to believe what he had to tell, or that such
judgment by an educated and competent critic, things were possible in this nineteenth century. I
able to administer praise, to point out failings, to made him as comfortable as I could, and then
consider, in fact, a work from the literary point of proceeded with my work, which was pressing.
view. There are, indeed, very few such critics in After he had had time to calm down a little he told
this country : but there are some : and there are me that he had been on his way to New York,
quite enough for the few papers which are likely but he had overheard some men who sat a few
to make a bid for the lost position of literary seats back of him plotting how they should kill
authority which has been held from time to time him and then throw him off from the platform of
by certain papers, and may be again achieved by the car. · He said they spoke so low that it would
those papers whose editors care for such a position. have been impossible for him to hear and under-
It should be a most desirable position for a journal: stand the meaning of their words had it not been
it is one which would command the attention and that his sense of hearing was so wonderfully
the respect of scholars and all who love literature: acute. They could not guess that he heard them,
it would attract readers : and, in the long run, as he sat so quiet and apparently indifferent to
it would com pel advertisements. It requires, in what was going on, but when the train arrived at
the first place, a literary editor competent by Bordentown station he gave them the slip and
natural gifts and by education : entirely free remained concealed until the cars moved on
from the little coteries and schools ” of the club again. He had returned to Philadelphia by the
smoking-room : and able to make his selections first train back and hurried to me for refuge.
without respect to persons and without the rolling I told him that it was my belief the whole
of logs. As regards the books to be selected, there scare was the creation of his own fancy, for what
are certainly not more books published every year interest could those people have in taking his
than would give a selection important enough life, and at such risk to themselves ? He said,
one does not say good enough, but important “It was for revenge.” “ Revenge for what?”
enough — to fill all the columns of a literary said I. He answered, “ Well, a woman trouble.”
paper. In the matter of novels alone, two might Now and then some fragmentary conversation
be selected every week—this was forinerly the passed between us as I engraved, and shortly I
wholesome and intelligent practice of the began to perceive a singular change in the current
Saturday Review. Can anyone pretend that there of his thoughts. From such fear of assassination
are more than one hundred novels every year which his mind gradually veered round to an idea of
are worthy of the distinction and the recognition self-destruction, and his words clearly indicated
--evea for condemnation-bestowed by a com this tendency. After a long silence he said, sud-
petent and serious criticism in the columns of a denly : “ If this moustache of mine were removed
literary paper of authority ?
W. B.
I should not be so readily recognised; will you
lend me a razor, that I may shave it off ? ” I
told him that as I never shaved I had no razor,
but if he wanted it removed I could readily do it
POE'S LAST DAYS.
for him with scissors. Accordingly I took him to
the bath room and performed the operation suc-
M HE last time I saw Poe was late in 1849, cessfully.
and then under such peculiar and almost After tea, it being now dark, I saw him prepar-
fearful conditions that the experience can ing to go out; and on my asking him where he
never fade from my memory. Early one Monday was going, he said, “To the Schuylkill.” I told
afternoon he suddenly entered my engraving room him I would go too; it would be pleasant in the
looking pale and haggard, with a wild and moonlight later, and he offered no objection. He
frightened expression in his eyes. I did not let complained that his feet hurt him, being chafed
## p. 148 (#202) ############################################
148
THE AUTHOR.
by his shoes, which were worn down on the outer boiling spirits. He asked me if I would not like
side of the heel. So for ease and comfort he wore to take a drink. I declined, but had I said yesy
my slippers, which he preferred to my shoes as what do you suppose would have happened ?'
less ill-fitting. When we had reached the corner I said I could not guess.
of 9th and Chesnut streets we waited for an “Why, I should have been lifted over the brim
omnibus some minutes, which were passed in con- and dipped into the hot liquid up to the lip, like
versation, and among the many things he said Tantalus.”
was that he wished I would see to it after his “Yes,” said I, “but that would have killed
death that the portrait Osgood had painted for him you.”
should go to his mother (meaning Mrs. Clemm). “Of course it would,” said he, “that's what
I promised that as far as I could control it that they wanted ; but, you see, again I escaped the
should be done. After getting the omnibus we spare. So, at last, as a means to torture me and
rode to its stopping place, a little short of Fair. wring my heart, they brought out my mother,
mount, opposite a tavern on the north side of Mrs. Clemm, to blast my sight by seeing them
Callowhill-street, at the bend it makes to the first saw off her feet at the ankles, then her legs
north-west to reach the bridge over the river. At to the knees, her thighs at the hips, and so on."
the spot a bright light shone out through the The horror of the imagined scene threw him
open door of the tavern, but beyond all was pitchy into a sort of convulsion. This is but a very
dark. However, forward into the darkness we faint sample of the talk I listened to up there in
walked. I kept on his left side, and on approach the darkness. I had been all along expecting the
ing the foot of the bridge guided him off to the moon to rise, forgetting how much it retarded
right by a gentle pressure, until we reached the every evening, and the clouds hid the light of
lofty flight of steep wooden steps which ascended the stars. It came into my mind that Poe might
almost to the top of the reservoir. There was a possibly in a sudden fit of frenzy leap freely
landing with seats, and we sat down to rest. At forth with me in his arms into the black depth
this time I had contrived to hold him in conversa below, so I was watchful and kept on my guard.
tion, except while we were labouring breathless I asked him how he came to be in Moyamensing
up that long, breakneck flight of stairs.
prison. He answered that he had been suspected
There he told me his late experiences, or what of tryirg to pass a fifty-dollar counterfeit note.
he believed to be such, and the succession of The truth is, he was there for what takes so many
images that his imagination created he expressed there for a few hours only—the drop too much.
in a calm, deliberate, measured utterance as facts. I learned later that, when his turn came in the
These were as weird and fantastic as anything to motley group before Mayor Gilpin, someone said,
be met with in his published writings. Of course, “Why, this is Poe, the poet," and he was dis-
it is altogether beyond me to convey even a faint missed without the customary fine.
idea of his wild descriptions.
When he alluded to his mother, which was.
“I was confined in a cell in Moyamensing always with feelings of affectionate devotion, it
prison,” said he, "and through my grated window was not his own natural mother, who died when
was visible the battlemented granite tower. On he was in his infancy, but Mrs. Clemm, his.
the topmost stone of the parapet, between the mother-in-law.
embrasures, stood perched against the dark sky a I suggested at last that as it appeared we were
young female, brightly radiant, like silver dipped not to have the moon we might as well go down
in light, either in herself or in her environment, again. He agreed, and we descended the steep
so that the cross-bar shadows thrown from my stairway slowly and cautiously, holding well to
window were distinct on the opposite wall. From the hand rails. Being down, I kept this time, on
this position, remote as it was, she addressed to our return walk, on his right side, and did not
me a series of questions in words not loud but suffer the conversation to flag. On arriving at
distinct, and I dared not fail to hear and make the omnibus waiting for passengers at the tavern
apt response. Had I failed once either to hear door I pressed gently against him and he raised
or make pertinent answer, the consequences to me his foot to the step, but instantly recollecting
would have been something fearful : but my himself drew back. I urged him in, and, being
sense of hearing is wonderfully acute, so that I seated beside him, said: “You were saying ?”
passed safely through this ordeal, which was a The conversation was resumed, I got him safe
snare to catch me. But another was in store. home and gave him a bed on the sofa in the
An attendant asked me if I would like to take a dining room, while I slept alongside him on three
stroll about the place, I might see something · chairs without undressing.
interesting, and I agreed. In the course of our On the second morning he appeared to have
rounds on the ramparts we came to a cauldron of become so much like his old self that I trusted
## p. 149 (#203) ############################################
THE AUTHOR.
149
him to go out alone. Rest and regular meals had
had a good effect, although his mind was not yet
entirely free from the nightmare. After an hour
or two he returned, and then told me he had come
to the conclusion that what I said was true; that
the whole thing had been a delusion and a scare
created by his own excited imagination. He said
his mind began to clear as he lay on the grass,
his face buried in it and his nostrils inhaling the
sweet fragrance mingled with the odour of the
earth. While he lay thus the words he had
heard kept running in his thoughts, but he tried
in vain to connect them with the speaker, and so
the light gradually broke in upon his dazed mind
and he saw that he had come out of a dream.
Being now all right again, he was ready to depart
from New York. He borrowed what was needful,
and I never saw him again.-From “Recollections
of a Very Old Man,” by John Sartain ; published
in the United States.
with my subject are handed to me, and I have
to choose those which are suitable, and see that
those which I reject are returned. Some of them
are of course quite unsuitable, but others are of
such a kin as can be held over for several months
in favour of another class consisting of current
matter. Authors of the class of article which
can be held over have sometimes written to me
as often as once a week, and the letters have not
always been courteous, and occasionally imperti-
nent, notwithstanding the fact that I have written
to the author saying that I must hold the article
over. I have also frequently received abusive letters
from authors who have either not sent me an
article at all, or have forgotten to write their
name and address on their MSS., and do not
mention the title of the article in the abusive
letter. I offer this as an explanation of part, at
any rate, of the complaints against editors.
CHARLES WALKER.
CORRESPONDENCE.
I._USE OF THE SOCIETY'S NAME.
M HE article describing a case of the
unwarranted use of the Society's name,
- published under the above heading in
the December number of The Author, must
suggest to many of the members of the Society
that a very simple way of checking this
abuse would be to publish the names of the
offenders when, as was apparently the case
in the instance in question, the name of the
person is known to one of the officials or
members of the Society. It is obvious, as stated
in the article, that as the influence of the Society
increases, so will this abuse, indeed it is very
probable that the abuse will grow much more in
proportion than does the influence of the Society.
It is quite possible that at first such a course
would involve the Society in some legal expenses,
but the money would certainly not have been
wasted. If the abuse grows, as it will unless
some such drastic measure is adopted, it is very
likely to become generally known among writers
that the advantages of the Society may be enjoyed,
to some extent at any rate, by those who are not
members. Unfortunately, just those persons who
are not a credit to the profession are those who
will act upon such knowledge and are most likely
to possess it. Besides this, the abuse must tend
to prevent desirable people from joining the
Society, and is an injustice to the members.
For several years I have edited a department
of a sporting weekly, and a large number of
MSS. pass through my hands. The MSS. dealing
II.-Do AUTHORS READ REVIEWS ?
Authors, at any rate the majority, do not read
reviews; consequently it has always struck me
that the pages headed “ Books and Reviews,"
which frequently appear in The Author, are some-
what out of place. Reviews are intended to
guide readers, showing them what to read and
what to let alone; thus a review appearing in a
paper largely circulated amongst the reading
public is always valuable ; but The Author is not
intended for the reading public, it is for the
writers of books who seldom care to read reviews
of either their own or other writers' works.
Then again, do authors buy books ? Putting
aside the rich members of the profession, who, of
course, subscribe to the circulating libraries, I
do not suppose one author in a hundred ever
thinks of buying a novel. I never bought one in
my life, and would not do so on principle. A
great number of authors are also reviewers; thus
they obtain more general literature than they
ever attempt to read. There is a pile (gradually
increasing) of books in beautiful bindings and
bearing nice titles, awaiting my attention now;
by the time I have “reviewed” these books 1
shall be sick of reviews generally, even though
they may appear in The Author. I venture to
say that many writers feel like myself, so would
it not be better to insert in place of “ Books and
Reviews” some article of a technical nature
interesting to the writers for whom The Author
is intended ?
J. BAGNALL-STUBBS.
## p. 150 (#204) ############################################
150
THE AUTHOR.
III.—LEGALISED Artistic ROBBERY. have often wondered why. No doubt a book
The man who, without an author's consent, or which was“ most interesting” on the 15th of
even knowledge, dramatises his work must have April may have entirely ceased to be so by the
the instincts of a Houndsditch huckster, and Port. Ist of May. We live in fast times, and the minor
land is too good for him. But I can conceive no author must not complain. But if the non-
better advertisement for a young author than to appearance of the review had anything to do
have his stories dramatised, even though he may with my refusal of my photograph and details of
not receive a farthing on the dramatic profits, my “ career," there, I think, is a just cause of
but it ougbt to be made compulsory, at any rate, complaint. It is surely a grievance if an author
for the thief to state where he got his plot. just is to lose useful recognition of good poiots in his
as goods are marked “Made in Germany," &c. work because he desires to remain anonymous.
Commercial people are protected, so ought
C. S.
authors to be. To protect myself I have hit on
a novel plan, which I believe would hold good.
Having studied music, I wrote a dance, and
BOOK AND PLAY TALK.
having had a very laudatory letter about it from
my kind friend, Herr Meyer Lutz, one of the
NR. OSMUND AIRY has written a Memoir
finest judges of theatrical dances in London, I
of Charles the Second, which will be the
had the music copyrighted and inserted in the
next volume in Messrs. Goupil's splendid
book. The story of the French Revolution lends illustrated series. It will contain reproductions
itself for a dramatic piece, and anyone may turn
from Van Dyck, Kneller, Cooper, Lely, and other
it into a play. I care for nothing so long as I
artists of the period. The book is expected to be
am told of it, but if I were not informed of
ready in April or May.
it, I would quickly come down on them for
infringing my musical copyright. This is one Professor Carnpbell Fraser has been preparing
way of catching dramatic pickpockets, and I for some time a new issue of his edition of Bishop
wonder others have not thought of it.
Berkeley's complete works, which was published
A YOUNG AUTHOR. by the Clarendon Press thirty years ago. This
will be ready shortly in four large volumes, and
contains new notes and introductions, with a short
IV.—THE END OF THE CENTURY. memoir of Berkeley.
The following curiosity in the ethics of modern Professor Joseph Wright. editor of the
reviewing may be of interest to you or your « English Dialect Dictionary,” is engaged upon
readers. In the spring of this year I published a
an English dialect grammar. He is now collect-
book-practically my first. About a fortnight
after its appearance, I received through the
publisher a very flattering letter from the editor
as an aid in preparing the grammar, and partly in
order to preserve for posterity a speaking record
of a certain literary paper. It ran as follows: of the dialects of to-day.
“ In the forthcoming issue of the
there
will appear a very favourable review of your
A new and cheaper edition of Stevenson's
most interesting new book, and I should very
Letters which is being brought out will contain
much like to reproduce your portrait in our
several letters to Mr. Meredith and Mr. Kipling
columns ... and should esteem it a great
which have not been published before.
favour if you would be good enough to send me Dr. William Bright, Regius Professor at
some particulars of your work-how you came to Oxford, has finished a new work of ecclesiastical
choose your present subject, and some details of history, “The Age of the Fathers.”
your career.” I replied to this letter, as I felt,
The Manchester Guardian of Dec. 10 contains
most gratefully. There happened to be reasons
why a review in this particular paper, and the
an article on “ Some De Quincey Documents”
opportunity of saying a few words about the
which will be interesting to students of that
writer. The documents which are quoted were
disputed topic of my book, would be extremely
useful to me. I, however, in the politest possible
formerly in the possession of Mr. John Ludlow, a
terms, declined to send my photograph for publi-
Manchester correspondent of De Quincey.
cation, or to say anything about my " career " Court life and the manners of Society during
(which didn't happen to exist!). Never, from the reigns of the first two Georges is the subject
that day to this—and I have patiently waited six of an historical work by Mr. W. H. Wilkins,
months-have I heard a word more about the entitled “ Caroline of Anspach.” It will be pub-
“very favourable review," nor has it appeared. I lished in two volumes by Messrs. Longmans.
## p. 151 (#205) ############################################
THE AUTHOR.
151
“ Fifty Years of Catholic Life and Progress in Mr. C. E. Clark has written a sequel to his
England ” is the title of a new work which Mr. series of articles contributed to Pearson's Weekly.
Percy Fitzgerald is writing. The record begins in It is entitled “More Mistakes We Make," and
the time of Cardinal Wiseman, and will be in will be published by Messrs. Horace Marshall and
two volumes, to be published by Mr. Fisher Son this month.
Unwin.
Lieut.-Col. E. Gunter has published (W.Clowes
Mr. William Archer is editing a new edition of and Sons) a fifth edition of his well-known
Henrik Ibsen's prose dramas, which Mr. Walter “Officer's Field Note and Sketch Book,” and a
Scott is about to publish. Ten years have passed third edition of his “Outlines of Modern
since the publi'ation of the collected edition in Tactics.”
five volumes. “The translations," says Mr. Her Majesty the Queen has been pleased to
Archer, “have served their purpose well enough, accept a copy of Major A. W. Pollock's new
yet there was in all of them ample room for book " With Seven Generals in the Boer War"
improvement. While they have in no case
they have in no case (Skeffington and Sons, Piccadilly).
seriously misrepresented the poet's meaning they
have done some injustice to his manner, especially
Miss Stella Düring, the author of “ Between the
by laying too great stress on the colloquialism of
Devil and the Deep Sea," “ In the Toils," &c., is
bis dialogue. In the present edition innumerable bringing out a new novel entitled “ Outrageous
small changes have been made, producing, it is Fortune," which will be run serially in the Argosy.
hoped, a pervasive modification for the better. beginning this month.
Many changes of greater individual importance A new romance by John Bloundelle-Burton
bave also been made, with a view to reproducing entitled “ The Year One," a page of the French
more accurately the finer shades of the poet's Revolution, will, by an appropriate coincidence,
meaning."
begin to appear serially in London and Australia
Mr. Coulson Kernahan gave “Confessions of a in the first week of the new century. In the former
Literary Adviser” at the London Institution on it will run in the Navy and Army Illustrated.
Dec. 3. and incidentally told the following and will be illustrated by Mr. John Jellicoe: and.
anecdote of the late Gustave Doré. When in the latter, in the pages of the Australasian
Tennyson was nearing sixty years of age, and his the weekly edition of the Melbourne Argus. It
fame might fairly be assumed to be world-wide, will be published later in the year by Methuen
Mr. Edward Moxon, the publisher, decided to and Co., London.
approach Doré and ask him to illustrate “Idylls Mr. W. B. Lappin, an author of the Emerald
of the King.” After Doré had considered the Isle, has just returned to his home in the north
proposal, he asked “ Who, then, is this Mr. Tenny. of Ireland after a visit to Rome, in which city he
son?”
intends to place the principal scenes of a new
A collection of papers dealing with Mr. Henley's novel to be commenced early this year.
essay on Burns, edited by Mr. John D. Ross, Miss M. A. Ellis has written a book on “The
LL.D., is about to be published by Mr. Eneas Human Ear: Its Identification and Physi.
Mackay, Stirling. The volume is to be called
ognomy," chiefly in reference to the “non-
“ Henley and Burns; or, The Critic Censured.” criminal” classes. It has just been published
The two series of lectures delivered by Professor by Messrs. A. and C. Black.
Courthope at Oxford on “Life in Poetry” and Mr. R. Brimlev Johnson, of 8, York-buildings,
“ Law in Taste” will be published shortly by Adelphi, announces that from the beginning of
Messrs. Macmillan.
this year the Westminster Review will be issued
Lady Gregory is editing a volume on “Ideals from his house.
in Ireland,” which will contain contributions from
A new periodical, entitled The Thrush, is to be
Mr. W. B. Yeats, Mr. George Moore, Dr. Douglas
published immediately. It is a novel and interest-
Hyde, and others. One of the articles will be ing departure from ordinary ventures in modern
printed in the Irish language and character. The journalism, being composed entirely of hitherto
volume will be published by the Unicorn Press. unpublished poetry. The opening sonnet is from
Under the title of “ England's Neglect of the pen of Dr. Richard Garnett, C.B., editor of
Education" Professor John Perry, President of the the Standard Library of Famous Literature. It
Institution of Electrical Engineers, has written a will endeavour to reach the masses and to foster
plea for reforms in the educational system of and encourage the cult of poetry amongst the
the country. The book will be published shortly people. The Thrush is to be published every
by Mr. Fisher Unwin.
month at 4d.
## p. 152 (#206) ############################################
152
THE AUTHOR.
“ The Flick of Fortune" is the title of a novel At a lecture delivered by Mr. Harry Furniss
which Messrs. F. V. White and Co. announce. before the 0. P. Club in the Criterion Restaurant
The author is Mr. Thomas Parkes, and the price on Dec. 9, several letters were read from authors
of the book is 6s.
on the subject of the conduct of theatre audiences
Mr Poultney Bigelow's forthcoming book will on “first nights." Mr. Henry Arthur Jones said
deal with the various colonial systems in existence,
that "booing” was chiefly a matter of good or
mainly from personal observation in various parts bad manners, and he did not think it had any
of the world. The title will be: “ Colonisation very great influence one way or the other.
and its Problems.".
American audiences never “ boo'd” a piece ; they
The daily papers are unanimous in speaking of
simply walked out. Mr. George Grossmith said
the Report on Technical Education by Mr. James
“the audience has a perfect right to express its
Baker, F.R.G.S., as a highly important and
opinion in any way short of actual assault” ; and
valuable work. The Times on Christmas Day
he also referred to the American method as “less
devoted a leader to it, and a large number of
disconcerting to the players.” Mr. Wilson
journals, including the Morning Post, Daily
Barrett said he had “absolute proof that in five
News, Standard, Daily Graphic, and most of
instances disturbances were arranged before the
the leading papers in Birmingham, Leeds, Man-
performance began.” Mr. Bernard Shaw declared
chester, Liverpool, Newcastle, and Belfast, have
that an opinion which could be conveyed by the
.also given leaders upon the report.
word “boo" was not worth expressing. “The
first-night verdict, whether bellowed or written,
An executive committee of representative Phila-
is not worth a rap on the box-office.” Mr. Jerome
delphians has undertaken to appoint committees
K. Jerome said, “I think an audience has a
in all the large cities in the United States with a
perfect right to express its opinion, and I think
view to celebrating the thousandth anniversary
an author has a perfect right to avoid hearing it."
of the death of King Alfred the Great, which
Mr. Cecil Raleigh, who presided at the meeting,
occurs on Oct. 27 next.
was of opinion that all authors should be com-
It has been arranged that in Mr. Tree's next pelled to respond to first-night calls ; while Mr.
production at Her Majesty's—“Twelfth Night”
Zangwill maintained that “authors should never
-Mr. Robert Taber will play Orsino, Mr. Lionel
take a call, but a cab. Their appearance is
Brough the part of Sir Toby Welch, Mr. Norman irrelevant.” He held, however, that “the
Forbes that of Sir Andrew Aguecheek, and Mr. audience has every right to express its opinion,
Courtice Pounds the clown. Mr. Tree himself
except in such a way as would interfere with the
will be Malvolio. Mr. Tree's theatre will be actual performance. Demonstrations of dis-
occupied for six weeks in June and July by Mme. approval should therefore be reserved to the
Sarah Bernhardt.
end." Miss Marie Corelli was of opinion that:
It is suggested that some of the managers of “Assuredly, an audience has every right to
London theatres are favourable to the idea of express its opinion, inasmuch as it pays for its
beginuing the evening performances at an earlier fun”; and Mr. R. Ganthony that “iſ an author
bour than is the custom at present.
wears armour which is both egg and brick proof,
A musical extravaganza, entitled “Mariana," I see no reason why he should not take a call.”
by Mr. W. H. Risque and Mr. Edward Jones, is
being produced at Terry's Theatre on Jan. 1.
London theatres will be added to next month
by Mr. Lowenfeld's new one in Shaftesbury
Avenue, which, it is hoped, will be ready for
opening then. It is to be called the Apollo.
Mrs. Langtry has secured the English rights inSCALE FOR ADVERTISEMENTS.
the dramatisation of Mr. Egerton Castle's novel,
“ The Bath Comedy," which has been adapted by
the author and Mr. David Belasco. It will be
***
***
... ... £4 0 0
produced during Mrs. Langtry's early tenure of
the Imperial.
The Stage Society produced Mr. Bernard
per inch 0 6 0
per 2000 300
Shaw's play " Captain Brass bound's Conversion,"
Reduction of 20 per cent, made for a Series of Sir and of 25 per cent. for
the scene of which is Morocco, at the Strand
Twelve Insertions.
Theatre on Dec. 16, with Mr. Lawrence Irving
and Miss Janet Achurch in the chief parts.
“THE AUTHOR.”
TALLOWANCE TO MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY 20 PER CENT.)
...
...
Front Page
Other Pages
Hall of a Page ...
Quarter of a Page
Eighth of a Page
Single Column Advertisements
Bills for Insertion ...
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All letters respecting Advertisements should be addressed to tbe
ADVERTISEMENT MANAGER, The Author Office, 4, Portugal-street,
London, W.C.
## p. 152 (#207) ############################################
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ve
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CONTENTS. – 1. Elements of Chess. 2. General Principias,
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London: HORACE Cox, Windsor House, Bream's-buildings, E.C.
## p. 152 (#208) ############################################
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<em>The Author</em>, Vol. 11 Issue 08 (January 1901)
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