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Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em> Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, <em>The Author</em>, 1890<span>–</span>1914, made available together for the first time.<br /><br />Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&amp;collection=&amp;type=&amp;tags=&amp;exhibit=&amp;date_search_term=&amp;submit_search=Search+For+Items&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1899-01-02 Volume 9 Issue 8 Pages Page range in volume 173–196 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18990102 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin XT b e Hutbor, (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vol. IX.—No. 8.] JANUARY 2, 1899. [Price Sixpence. For the Opinions expressed in papers that are signed or initialled the Authors alone are responsible. None of the papers or para- graphs must be taken as expressing the collective opinions of the Committee unless they are officially signed by G. Herbert Thring, Sec. THE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and requests that all members not receiving an answer to important communications within two days will write to him without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered letter only. Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub- jects whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS. GENERAL MEMORANDA. FOE some years it has been the practice to insert, in every number of The Author, certain " General Con- siderations," Warnings, Notices, &c, for the guidance of the reader. It has been objected as regards these warnings that the tricks or frauds against which they are directed cannot all be guarded against, for obvious reasons. It is, however, well that they should be borne in mind, and if any publisher refuses a clause of precaution he simply reveals his true character, and should be left to carry on his business in his own way. Let us, however, draw up a few of the rules to be observed in an agreement. There are three methods of dealing with literary property:— I. That of selling it outright. This is in some respects the most satisfactory, if a proper price can be obtained. But the transaction should be managed by a competent agent. II. A profit-sharing agreement. In this case the following rules should be attended to: (1.) Not to sign any agreement in which the cost of pro- duction forms a part. (2.) Not to give the publisher the power of putting the profits into his own pocket by charging for advertisements VOL. IX. in his own organs: or by charging exchange advertise- ments. (3.) Not to allow a special charge for " office expenses," unless the same allowance is made to the author. (4.) Not to give up American, Colonial, or Continental rights. (5.) Not to give up serial or translation rights. (6.) Not to bind yourself for future work to any publisher. As well bind yourself for the future to any one solicitor or doctor! (7.) To stamp the agreement. III. The royalty system. In this system, which has opened the door to a most amazing amount of overreaching and trading on the author's ignorance, it is above all things necessary to know what the proposed royalty means to both sides. It is now possible for an author to ascertain approximately and very nearly the truth. From time to time the very important figures connected with royalties are published in The Author. Readers can also work ont the figures themselves from the "Cost of Production." Let no one, not even the youngest writer, sign a royalty agreement without finding out what it gives the publisher as well as himself. It has been objected that these precautions presuppose a great success for the book, and that very few books indeed attain to this great success. That is quite true: but there is always this uncertainty of literary property that, although the works of a great many authors carry with them no risk at all, and although of a great many it is known within a few copies what will be their minimum circulation, it is not known what will be their maximum. Therefore every author, for every book, should arrange on the chance of a success which will not, probably, come at all; but which may come. The four points which the Society has always demanded from the outset are:— (1.) That both sides shall know what an agreement means. (2.) The inspection of those account books which belong to the author. We are advised that this is a right, in the nature of a common law right, which cannot be denied or withheld. (3.) That there shall be no secret profits. (4.) That nothing shall be charged which has not been actually paid—for instance, that there shall be no charge for advertisements in the publisher's own organs and none for exchanged advertisements, and that all disoounts shall be duly entered. If these points are carefully looked after, the author may rest pretty well assured that he is in right hands. At the same time he will do well to send his agreement to the secretary before he signs it. T 2  ## p. 174 (#186) ############################################ i74 THE AUTHOR. HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY. I. in VERY member has a right to ask for and to receive ITi advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub- lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his business or the administration of his property. If the advioe sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member has a right to an opinion from the Society's solicitors. If the case is such that Counsel's opinion is desirable, the Com- mittee will obtain for him Counsel's opinion. All this without any cost to the member. 2. Remember that questions connected with copyright and publisher's agreements do not generally fall within the experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually engaged upon such questions for us. 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books represented. This is in order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree- ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor- mation thus obtained may prove invaluable. 4. If the examination of your previous business trans- actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should take advioe as to a change of publishers. 5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro- posed document to the Society for examination. 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks of every publish- ing firm in the country. 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen- dence of the writer. 8. Send to the Editor of The Author notes of every- thing important to literature that you may hear or meet with. 9. The Committee have now arranged for the reception of members' agreements and their preservation in a fireproof safe. The agreements will, of course, be regarded as con- fidential documents to be read only by the Secretary, who will keep the key of the safe. The Society now offers:—(1) To read and advise upon agreements and publishers. (2) To stamp agreements in readiness for a possible action upon them. (3) To keep agreements. (4) To enforce payments due according to agreements. Communications for The Author should reach the Editor not later than the 21st of each month. All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of the Society or not, are invited to- communicate to the Editor any points connected with their work which it would be advisable in the general interest to publish. Members and others who wish their MSS. read are requested not to send them to the Office without previously communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in which they are received. It must also be distinctly under- stood that the Society does not, under any circumstances, undertake the publication of MSS. The present location of the Authors' Club is at 3, White- hall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary for information, rules of admission, Ac. Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they have paid their subscriptions for the year? If they will do this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker's order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the trouble of sending out a reminder Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the following warning. It is a most foolish and may be a most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to oome, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest? Of course they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign themselves into literary bondage for three or five years? "Those who possess the 'Cost of Production' are requested to note that the cost of binding has advanoed 15 per cent." This clause was inserted three or four years ago. Estimates have, however, reoently been obtained which show that the figures in the book may be relied on as nearly oorreot: as near as is possible. Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged in the " Cost of Production" for advertising. Of course, we have not included any sums which may be charged for inserting advertisements in the publisher's own magazines, or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket, by inserting any number of advertisements in his own magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are who oall this a form of fraud; it is not known what those who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it. NOTICES. THE Editor of The Author begs to remind members of the Society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and communications on all subjects connected with literature from members and others. Nothing can do more good to the Society than to make The Author complete, attractive, and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this work send their names and the special subjects on which thoy are willing to write? LITERARY PROPERTY. 1.—Canadian Copyright. ALONG article appears in the Pall Mall Gazette of Dec. 26 on Canadian Copy- right. It is therein stated that Mr. FitzPatrick, the Solicitor General, will bring in a Bill during the next Session. We have good reason to believe that this will not be the case. Canadian Copyright has been in the air for some time, and no doubt the Canadians will, sooner or later, make a fresh endeavour to obtain Copy-  ## p. 175 (#187) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. i75 right legislation. We have good reason to think that this endeavour will not be made next Session. II.—The Literary Agent and the Society. An old member of the Society writes to the Secretary to the effect that her business is now .conducted for her by a literary agent, and that she resigns membership. She supposes, in a word, that the literary agent can do for her what the Society undertakes to do: and she supposes that the Society exists for each member individu- ally. These two suppositions are both wrong and mischievous. (1.) The literary agent can place her books and get an agreement more or less satisfactory. His powers may be measured by the popularity of the author, which is as it should be. But in the case of a dispute with publisher or editor, where is the literary agent? He can only advise going to a solicitor. The Society supplies a solicitor. The literary agent, again, can only lay the agree- ment before an author: it is the Society who teaches him what the agreement means for both sides—an inestimable service to literary property. (2.) But the Society, though it is ready to work for each member individually, works for the whole profession of literature. The subscriptions of the more powerful members pay for the law expenses incurred in the defence of the weaker. In this way a feeling of brotherhood, the sense of a common profession with common aims, is for the first time growing up among those who create literary property. This most invaluable result of common action demands absolutely the adhesion of every man and every woman of letters to the Society. It may be that all the members do not agree with every act of the Committee. But they must agree in the main object—the maintenance and defence of literary property, not only for the individual but for the whole profession. There have been cases in which members have resigned simply because they did not approve of some small vote or resolution. They were unable to under- stand that behind that insignificant vote lay the grand object of the Society, namely, to repeat, "the maintenance and defence of literary property, not only for the individual but for the whole pro- fession." Again, suppose a case of disagreement between author and literary agent—I think nothing more likely when I look round and see the many new agents and the many duties which are laid upon them. In such a case the author is only protected by going to law at his own expense. If he were a member of the Society, the case would be con- ducted for him. I say nothing of the danger which is rapid ly rising before us, of committing to the agent the whole of the literary business unchecked. It is the old confidence game once played between author and publisher. We must never forget the lessons of the past. It is as dangerous to intrust blind confidence to an agent as to a publisher. W. B. III.—Translation and Reteanslation. Messrs. George Bell and Sons have raised a curious, and, as far as we know, a quite novel question of copyright in the Times. They pub- lish, it appears, four copyright works in English in England on the British Navy. A Captain Von Stenzel, who has been bringing: out in German and in Germany a treatise in many volumes dealing with the armies and navies of the European powers generally, has, in a volume dealing with the British navy, translated amongst other things portions of Messrs. Bell's copyright works. So far as this officer is concerned, Messrs. Bell have no complaint to make, having, we presume, sold or in some other legal manner parted with their translation rights. What they complain of is that an English translation, called the "British Navy," of the volume of Captain Von Stenzel's work which deals with the British navy has been recently made by Mr. A. Son- nenschein and published in London. The result- ing competition with Messrs. Bell's original works (it is not stated by what authors) is obvious. "The origin of the work is not revealed in the English edition, but, on the contrary, the translator in his preface seems rather to imply that the book was designed to supply a want existing in this country," but there is an acknowledgment of the use which has been made of the English books in a list given after the preface, where they are stated to have been con- sulted by author and translator. Two questions arise upon this statement: (1) Is what has been done in accordance with usual literary practice and ordinary literary courtesy; and (2) has there been an infringement of copy- right in the legal sense't To the first question we must answer, yes. Acknowledgment, of course, is no excuse for infringement of copy- right, as it is by far too often thought to be, but acknowledgment should clearly be made in a case like this. The answer to the second question is a little more difficult. The fact of the alleged infringement being the result of a retrans- lation, however, cannot affect it. The only question is whether the matter published by Mr. Sonnen. schein is materially and substantially the same as that published by Messrs. Bell. Absolutely the same the two productions cannot be. The mere rolling of many books into one would prevent that  ## p. 176 (#188) ############################################ 176 THE AUTHOR. IV.—A Copyright Case in India. An interesting case coming under the 18th section of the Copyright Act has just been tried in the High Courts in India, but unfortunately the main difficulty of that section was not in dispute, as it was acknowledged between the defendant and the plaintiff that the plaintiff had been employed under that section. The case was shortly as follows: The editor of the Madras Standard (the defendant) employed the plaintiff to write certain articles on the lives of representative men of Southern India for his paper. Such lives were written and produced in the paper, subject to certain editorial alterations, and it was acknow- ledged by both the plaintiff and defendant that this employment came under the 18th section of the Act, and that the copyright lay with the defendant, subject to the terms of that section. The matter thus used in the paper was then reproduced in book form, together with other lives written by the defendant in a book called "The Representative Men of Southern India," and subsequently in another book of Representative Indians ' published in England. The plaintiff's action was brought because the defendant had infringed the plaintiff's rights under the proviso in the section referred to, which runs as follows: Provided always that during the term of twenty-eight years the said proprietor, projector, publisher, or condaotor shall not publish any such essay, article, or portion separately or singly without the consent previously obtained of the author thereof or his assigns. The point the judge had to decide was whether such consent had been given directly or impliedly. There was scanty evidence on this point, and it appeared a difficult question for decision. Finally, however, the judge, after a very careful summing- up of the whole facts of the case, gave a verdict for the plaintiff. The final words of his summing- up were as follows: No doubt his (the plaintiff's) feelings may have been hurt, particularly by the announcement that the defendant is the author of all the lives therein published, but in pocket it cannot be said that he suffered substantially by the publica- tion of that book. The plaintiff was awarded 200 rupees. The judge's decision seems to be a thoroughly fair one, as the plaintiff was unable in any case to utilise his own work for twenty-eight years, and thus could not have been damaged pecuniarily to any extent. This is a short epitome of the case. It is an interesting case, but iinfortunately does not bear directly on the great difficulty of the section under which the judgment is given. V.—"A Curious Question." I think Sir Walter Besant's solution is nearer the point than that of Mr. Thring, but neither is to my mind correct. In such contracts as I have signed I have granted a licence "to print, bind, advertise, and sell." This is what most contracts mean but very few specify. No contract is in- tended to mean that a publisher has a right to traffic in an author's works. The publisher has no right to buy or re-acquire or re-sell an author's works, and I contend that licence to sell means to sell once and once only and to only one. If this were not so, there would be nothing to prevent a publisher re-acquiring copies of a book which he had "remaindered" at a few pence, a fraction only of which he paid to the author, and then re-selling it for several shillings and paying the author no royalty. If my view is held to be correct, "A Curious Question" is as badly put as the answers. A publisher agrees to pay an author 10, 15, 20, or 25 per cent. on the nominal selling price of every copy, and it matters not a jot whether the copies sold come direct to him from the printers and binders or have passed back into his hands through a bookseller. The author is entitled to receive his full royalty, less the amount paid on the copies when treated as remainder—assum- ing, of course, that the author has not given the publisher power to re-acquire. Martin J. Pritchard. VI.—The Charge for Corrections. The question of corrections has been from time to time referred to in The Author, but it seems necessary to refer to it again, as the matter is one of great importance to all authors, and is one of those items which are exceedingly difficult to check in a publisher's accounts. The author should be careful in correcting his proofs to note what are printers' errors and what are his own corrections, and he should, when possible, keep duplicate proofs with all his corrections, so as to be able at a subsequent date to refute any charge which might appear extortionate. In making his own corrections the author should be careful where he deletes one word or phrase to put in a word or phrase corresponding in length, as to run over from page to page is often a very heavy and expensive matter. The reason for these hints is the fact that in agreements a clause somewhat on the following lines is generally inserted: The cost of correction of other than the printers' errors in the proofs of the said work exceeding shillings per sheet of sixteen pages is to be borne by the said author.  ## p. 177 (#189) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. '77 It is quite fair that the publishers should be protected from expensive and troublesome authors' corrections, as cases have been known in which authors have altered proofs and made corrections to such an extent as absolutely to prevent any profit accruing from the sale of the work, but this is an exception. The practical working-out of this clause is difficult. The amount generally allowed to the author per sheet of sixteen pages is ten shillings. Under no circumstances should an author allow .the amount to be reduced as low as five shillings, unless he feels quite certain that his MS. needs no correction and is typewritten. After the book is produced an account is some- times forwarded to the author charging, say, .£10 for corrections. If the book is twenty sheets, that would mean that the whole cost of cor- rections, supposing the author was allowed ten shillings, would be £20. Corrections are generally reckoned by the time of the man employed, at the rate of one shilling per hour. As a matter of fact the printers do not pay is. per hour to their employes, so that there is always a margin of profit; but, supposing is. per hour is the actual payment, then it would mean that the corrections in the book amounted to the work of one man for 400 hours, or the work of one man for forty days at the rate of ten hours per day. That would be merely reckoning authors' corrections, as you will see the clause (which is the usual one) does not charge for printers' errors. If the authors' corrections amount to this heavy item, it is possible that the printers' errors also amount to a fair sum, in which case you would have to add so many more days' work on to your compositors' labour. It is very important to keep in mind that daily papers have to be corrected with great rapidity, in order to get them before the public in time. Compare, then, the time expended in the corrections of a book, as shown above, with the time which must be necessarily expended in the correction of a daily paper. It is almost impossible to place any con- nection between the size of an alteration and the time it takes, as sometimes the insertion of a word will throw out the type for some pages. To be able to put a firm check on the corrections the author should certainly note the difference between printers' errors and his own corrections, and ought to try to make his full corrections when the type is what is technically called in "slip form," before it is made up into pages. G. H. T. VII.—An American Literary Agency. The agency undertakes (1) to read MSS. and to advise on their defects, (2) to give them "grammatical and rhetorical" revision, (3) to advise as to their disposal, and (4) to make type- written copies. The charge for these services are:—(1) For read- ing MSS., 50 cents for the first 2000 words and 25 cents for every additional thousand words. (2) For a letter of general advice, 50 cents, or 2.1., in addition to the fee for reading. (3) For cor- rection and revision, a dollar an hour, in addition to the reading fee. (4) For typewriting, 60 cents a thousand words; if two copies are taken 80 cents a thousand words, i.e., 3*. 3rf. a thousand words, which is more than double the usual type- writing charge with us. (5) For reading a MS. of more than 40,000 words, and less than 100,000, and for giving a list of publishers and a general letter of advice, the fee is 10 dollars, or £2. If the Bureau sells a MS. for an author it takes a commission of 25 per cent. instead of the 10 per cent. which contents our agents. On the whole, it seems as if the Bureau expected to deal with short papers, and with candidates whose work was hopeless. There is an enormous number of such unfortunates in America as well as here. VIII.—By the Agreement. Especial attention is desired to the following case. The author does not wish her name to be mentioned, so that one must also suppress the name of the worthy publisher. A lady was anxious to produce a book—the one book she would ever write. She took her MS. to A. B., who, without giving her a formal agree- ment, offered by letter to publish the book for her on commission. The following are alleged to have been the terms: (1) The author was not to pay more than .£30. (2) The publisher was to print and bind an edition of 500 copies. (3) He was to advertise to the extent of .£15, but no more. (4) The book was to be sold at 6s. (5) He was to account to the author for sales at 3*. each. (6) He was next to take 10 per cent. on the sales. [Observe that a small edition of 500 only, even if all the available copies, 450, are sold at an average of 3*. 6d. each, only produces the sum of .£78 15s., out of which would come the publisher's commission, so that a large sum for advertising is out of the question. That of .£15 represents over jd. a copy.] The lady was perfectly ignorant about publish- ing. Nor did she seek advice. What the man proposed to do was to sell the book at 3*. 6d. or 3s. jd. and call it 3*. That gave him 14 ?- per cent.  ## p. 178 (#190) ############################################ 178 THE AUTHOR. on the sales to begin with. He was then to take 10 per cent. on the sum thus curtailed. This meant 8-*- per cent. on the actual sales, in all, 22f per cent. And this he called a commission busi- ness at 10 per cent.! This, however, was not all. When the account came in it was found that he had printed 750 copies instead of 500, and that he had spent, according to his own showing, £45 in advertising. Now this was against the agreement in the first place, and for a publisher 10 expend so large a sum on so small a book argued cither ignorance of his trade, or else—whatever you please. For .£45 on the book meant actually is. ggd. on every single copy, landing the book in certain loss. His bill ran as follows: 500 copies: Cost of composition, printing, ^640 7 O 5 3 0 «5 0 0 To tbis he added 10 per cent., 60 10 O I know not by what right .. 6 1 8 To 250 copies: 66 11 8 4 13 4 Sales, 376 30 9 8 Free, 77 453 56 8 0 5 2 y £101 14 8 Having, therefore, added 10 per cent. to the cost of production, and taken the same from the sales, and having broken the agreement by printing other 250 copies and charging £45 for advertising, he thus brought in a lots of .£50 odd. At this juncture the lady took advice, and there was a correspondence in which it became manifest- that the advertising had been in great part the filling up of columns secured in advance. But of course he had no right to charge a farthing more than the £'15 agreed upon. However, he sent in a second account. The item of advertising now appears as .£42 144-. 3^/., instead of .£15, and the cost of machining and paper for the extra 250 copies is still entered. But on the other side he cancels ..£23 S.1. gd., which still leaves .£4 odd more than he is entitled to. And instead of 10 per cent, added to the cost of production he puts in £8 16*. 5<7. for " indirect expenses," which mean, I suppose, taking a 'bus home in the evening. A man may argue that he must make money out of a book in order to live. The answer to that is, to make it above board: not by persuad- ing an ignorant woman that the trade price of a 6*. book is 3*. : nor by adding "indirect expenses." Let him say flatly "I must have so much out of the book or I cannot undeilake it. If I am to sell it on commission, guarantee so much." Of cour.-e if the man says this candidly and openly, but then proceeds in the way indicated above, then we are no farther forward. My correspondent in sending me these accounts calls attention to them as coming from "a pub- lisher who is a gentleman." Yes, the wordnow- a-days may cover a very large proportion of male humanity. Indeed, there are indications that it covers the whole. Quite a " gentleman." IX.—A Pending Copyright Action. In the Chancer; Division yesterday Mr. Justice Stirling had before him the case of Boosey v. White, brought before the judge by Mr. Butcher, Q C. Mr. Butcher said that the point raised in the case was a novel and interesting one. The plaintiff had certain songs, the copyright of which was vested in bim. The defendant, it was alleged, had been using and copying the songs by means of perforated sheets of cardboard, which correctly reprodnoed the music, and all people had to do «as to turn the handle of the organ in which the sheets were placed. That process, he suggested, amounted to an infringement of the Copyright Laws. There was a good deal of evidence to prepare, and as Mr. Monlton, Q.C., who represented the defendant, was willing to treat the motion as the trial of the action he would consent to the motion standing over for the present. The motion accord- ingly stood over until a future day. The above cutting has been taken from the Daily Graphic of Dec. 17, 1898. Those who are interested in copyright will look forward to the settlement of the action when it comes before the courts. PARIS NOTES. HENCEFORWAED Normandy can boast a national litterateur! M. Jean Revel, whose name is well known in the Parisian world of letters, has just produced an exquisite little volume of Norman tales, entitled "Rustres," several of which are entirely written in the Bas-Normaiid patois. On perusing this work (published by Fasquelle, ed. Bibliotheque- Charpentier) one feels that the author himself is truly a son of the people he describes so faith- fully and tenderly, and the most trivial details of local traditions and characteristics it affords arc rendered interesting by the artistic talent of the writer.  ## p. 179 (#191) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. '79 M. Gustave Revel's proposal to establish a Chair of Dramatic Literature at the Sorbonne is by no means relished by the majority of his countrymen, who—while strenuously objecting to the 10,000 francs thus added to their annual taxes—maintain, with reason, that this depart- ment is already well represented in the literary curriculum of their great national institution. We subjoin the names of the professors especially qualified to lecture on dramatic literature and the subjects they will this year undertake, in order that our readers may judge for themselves. They are as follows:— M. Emile Deschanel, who will instruct his hearers on French dramatic literature, as illus- trated by Corneille, Racine, and Victor Hugo; M. Gaston Bossier, who undertakes the Latin dramatic literature, as exemplified by Plautus and Terence; M. Maurice Croiset, who will lecture weekly on "L'Histoire de la Tragedie Grecque"; M. Louis Leger, who is responsible for the Slavic tongues and literature; M. Barbier de Meynard, who is a proficient savant in all matters pertaining to the Arabic theatre; MM. Edouard Chavannes and Maurice Courant, than whom no better authorities on the Chinese theatre exist; M. Morel Fatio, who initiates his audience weekly into the mysteries of the "Theatre de Tirso de Molina "; M. Gazier, who analyses "Moliere" each Wednesday, while M. Beljaine pefonns the same friendly office for "Shakespeare" on the Thursday; M. Larroumet, who conscientiously expounds on Fridays " L'His- toire de la Tragedie Fran9aise dans le Theatre de Racine," and M. Gebhart, who undertakes the "Theatre Espagnol " every Monday. Apart from this, there are the lectures given at the Odeon, Bodiniere, and the Mathurius—where the play, or representation, follows the dissertation, like the jam after the pill. A Chair of Dramatic Litera- ture likewise exists at the Conservatoire; but yet —oh Heavens! M. Revel considers the rising French generation requires further dramatic instruction. The name of M. Alexandre Hepp heads the army of illustrious contributors to the newly- founded Revue des Rhumatisants. Among the list we remark the names of Francois Coppee, Jules Claretie, Marcel Prevot, Armand Silvestre, Aurclieu Scholl, Emile Bergerat, Leon Daudet, Le General du Barail, and a host of other witty, scientific, and political confreres, who all alike suffer from the same insidious complaint, and desire to ease their woes by confiding their suffer- ings and their pet remedies to a mirth-loving public. Another literary association—La Societe Pierre Dupout—has just been founded at Lyons, to pre- VOL. IX. serve and bring once more into vogue the works of the dead poet, Pierre Dupont. Despite his undoubted genius and popularity, this gifted singer of the people, this true child of Nature, lived and died a poor man. The pretty tale of his introduction to Victor Hugo is too well known to need repetition here; and the effort to replace the banal and often obscene ditties of the Parisian concert hall by the introduction of the melodious verse of Pierre Dupont is a step in the right direction. That indefatigable writer, M. Jules Verne, has now published his eightieth volume for the amuse- ment and instruction of youth. Some critics affirm that the " Superbe Orcnoque" is inferior to many of his preceding works; but, when an author has the linn intention to produce no fewer than a hundred volumes—when, above all, he has provided his generation for almost half a century with a healthy and pure literature in a country whore a healthy and pure literature is, unhappily, the exception rather than the rule—he can afford to snap his fingers at the critics, secure of the gratitude and support of a wide circle of readers. The popularity of M. Andre Laurie, who belongs to the same school in a modified degree, is also steadily increasing; and this is the more remark- able, since his tales d*-al chiefly with seminary life in foreign countries—a fact which should win him the good graces of the French Colonisation Society. M. Paul Bourget has quitted Paris to establish himself for the winter at Costebella, near Hyeres, the place where he last year wrote "La Duchesse Bleue," the great literary success of the season. His departure was delayed in order to enable him to take part in the recent Academic election, which bestowed on the spirituel Henri Lavedan the fauteuil vacated by the death of poor Henri Meilhac. M. Emile Zola figured, as usual, among the unsuccessful candidates. There is something impressive and heroic in his obstinate determina- tion to accept no defeat as final. He is the modern Prometheus eternally debarred from entering the erudite Olympus of his desires, which at the present moment boasts five novelists, five dramatic authors, seven historians, two critics, three poets, and two journalists among its list of illustrious members. The identity of one of the above-mentioned five novelists has become so completely merged in the personality of the hero of his popular romance, that his real name is absolutely forgotten by the general public. Thus, when M. Pierre Loti was this month elected to deliver the annual oration on the occasion of the presentation of the prix de vertu, his brother Academicians were rather at a loss how to announce the fact to the outside v  ## p. 180 (#192) ############################################ i8o THE AUTHOR. world. Should the real name of the orator be printed (according to time-honoured custom) they foresaw the invidious storm of criticism which would greet the supposed innovation before the matter could be satisfactorily explained; yet to deviate a hair's breadth from the ordinary- routine was beneath both the dignity and the altitude of the Immortals! The difficulty was finally solved by ingeniously addiug the latter half of the pseudonym to the original patronymic. Thus many of M. Pierre Loti's friends and admirers were greatly surprised to see him figure under the name of M. Loti-Viaud on the Academy bills; and still more so to find that the brilliant author's real name was Julien Viaud. Apropos of this subject, we may mention that M. Pierre Loti's latest work, "Judith Renaudin," which is now being performed at the Theatre Antoine, has not attained the high level of popular success that was anticipated. The dainty, idyllic muse of Pierre Loti is, perhaps, too ethereal for the glare of the footlights; the successful fin-de-sihcle dramatist must either possess transcendent dramatic verve and inspiration, or, at least, an inexhaustible fund of a certain genre of super- ficial wit, a ready repartee, and a dashing, devil- may-care style which carries away and electrifies an audience, which invariably prefers the thrill of a new sensation to the discovery of a new truth. M. Saint Marceaux has just finished his plaster cast of the monument to bc erected to Alphonse Daudet. It represents the great writer as sitting beneath an olive tree with clasped hands, in a reflective attitude. The site the sculptor desires for his work is the Garden of the Luxembourg, near the monuments of Sainte Bouve and de Watteau, within easy walking distance of the great national rest ing place raised uii.t grands hommes par Jti pat He reconnaissance 1 Daruacotte Dene. FROM THE AMERICAN PAPERS. AN interesting observation on what he calls "the new English attitude towards us" is made by Dr. Talcott Williams it propos a book on America entitled "Land of Contrasts," written by Mr. James Fullarton Muirhead, which has just been brought out. Books on America by the travelling Englishman, says Dr. Williams (writing in Book News), " were once all unfavour- able, now they are all the other way, and English newspaper criticism is moving in the same direc- tion." (It might, by the way, be pointed out to Dr. Williams that American newspaper criticism is meeting this spirit half-way with correspond- ingly favourable consideration of England.) Mr. Muirhead has studied American life for twenty years, and his book is described as a close, keen, penetrating analysis of the current play of American forces. "It is hopeful. All the books by people who really understand this country are hopeful." "The truth is," says Dr. Talcott Williams, " we have pimples for the same reason as a growing boy or girl—because we have not digested our hasty meals of new population." The Boston Public Library (says the New York Critic) has accepted from Miss Lilian Whiting the gift of a large collection of the autograph letters written to the late Kate Field by the Brownings, Walter Savage Landor, George Eliot, Dickens, Thomas Adolphus and Anthony Trollope, E. C. Stedman, Helen Hunt, Mme. Ristori, Adelaide Phillips, Dr. Schliemann, and a great number of other notable people. These are called "The Kate Field Memorial Collection." Before Miss Whiting sailed for Europe last spring she had typewritten copies made of all these for reference in preparing the biography of Miss Field, giving the originals to the Public Library. With the collection there is to be placed a reproduction of the portrait of Kate Field by Vedder, signed by him, the original of which is in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. The Critic is associating itself with Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons, the well-known publishers, beginning with the January number. Mr. and Miss Gilder of course retain the editorship, and they are to signalise the change by giving their influential journal a new dress and new tvpe. Mr. Charles Belmont Davis, lately the U.S. Consul at Florence, has allied himself with Mr. R. H. Russell, the publisher—the latter taking charge of the art and other books,and Mr.Davis, in another street, taking the plays. Mr. Davis is a brother of Mr. Richard Harding Davis, and published his first volume of short stories only the other day through Messrs. Stone. Mr. Cable has been engaged, since his return from England, on a story of the Civil War, in which we may expect to have some of his own experiences on the Southern side. Most of the scenes will be laid in New Orleans, and the title will probably be "The Cavalier." James Lane Allen also has another novel in hand, which will be longer than his very successful "The Choir Invisible." It may be looked for in the spring. Mr. Stanley Waterloo's reason for writing his latest book, "Armageddon," is interesting to know. "I believe," he says in Book News, " there will be some sort of union of the Teuton stock, including the English shaking, the German and the Norse, and I want it. I believe there will yet  ## p. 181 (#193) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 181 be devised some more or less practicable way of mounting above the earth and directing move- ments there. It occurred to me that the two ideas might be made to assist each other in a story. Of course the tale as told is not such an expression as I would make were I a statesman. It implies antagonisms which are exaggerated for the purpose of the novelist." Messrs. Appleton have published a " limited" edition (i 00,000 copies) of Mr. Hall Caine's " The Christian" at fifty cents. This cheap edition was resolved upon to meet a special demand. It was all taken up before it left the press. The Dial has been discussing the swing of the pendulum towards romanticism, and sums up by saying that" the romantic revival is at full tide, and contemporary literature bids fair to offer us once more the solace that it brought us of old. We have learned that it is extremely foolish to insist of a writer that he give us all the facts con- nected with his theme. We have learned the limitations of literary photography, we have learned that it is unwise to approach literature burdened with a sense of responsibility for the preservation of the literal truth and the obtrusion of the ethical meaning." The ^Vew York Tunes in a recent issue prints this touching little incident of American author- ship :— It is related of Mr. F. Marion Crawford, the novelist, that when he was making a tour of America, and was travelling through a rich agricultural region to fill an appointment at a large town, a brisk-looking young man, with his hat on the back of his head, came into a car in which the novelist was sitting, held ont his hand, and said, in a most affable and companionable way: "I presume this is the celebrated Mr. Crawford?" "My name is Crawford," replied the novelist. "The conductor told me you were aboard," rejoined the other. "Allow me to introduce myself. My name is Higgs. I am somewhat in the book-line myself, and I know how it goes." "Yon are an author?" said Mr. Crawford. "I am glad to meet yon." "Yes, I have published a book regularly every year since 1890." "May I ask the name of yonr latest book," asked Mr. Crawford. "It's the Premium List of the Jones County Agricul- tural Fair," cordially responded Mr. Higgs, taking a small pamphlet from his pocket and handing it to him. "Allow me to present you a copy of it. I am the Secretary of the Jones County Agricultural Board. We are going to have the best fair this year we ever had. Balloon ascensions, Koman chariot races, baseball games, and trials of speed on track till you can't rest. Come and spend a day with us and it shan't cost you a cent. Well, this is where I get off. Good-bye, Mr. Crawford. Glad to have met you." NOTES AND NEWS. ACOR1IESPONPENT sends a letter on tln. conduct of a prize competition by a popu- lar magazine. Such a competition does not fall within the range of the Society's work and aims. It does not, that is to say, represent literary property in any sense. There is no doubt that these competitions interest vast multitudes of people, and that they should be conducted with the most jealous regard to openness and fairness. But complaints concerning the conduct of these things cannot be admitted in these columns. The editors of the New York Outlook invited their subscribers and readers on Oct. 1 to draw up lists of the ten best books published in the year ending Sept. 30, 1898. The following is the list now published in the December number. "Life of Tennyson." "Helbeck of Bannisdale.'' By Mrs. Humphry Ward. "Story of Gladstone's Life." By Justin McCarthy. "Caleb West." By F. Hopkinson Smith. "The Workers." By Walter A. Wyckoff. "Bismarck." By Dr. Moritz Busch. "Penelope's Progress." By Kate Douglas Wiggin. "Letters of Elizabeth Barrett Browning." "Rupert of Hontzau." By Anthony Hope. "Old Virginia and Her Neighbours." By Jchn Fiske. Here we find five English books, four American, and one German. Four of the books are of exceptional interest. It is not often that bio- graphies of such importance as those of Tennyson, Gladstone, Bismarck, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning appear in one year. Had it not been for these we should not, probably, have seen a preponderance of our own books. One would like to know something of the books to which must be accorded a " proxime accessit." The death of Mr. William Black removes a figure of importance in the world of letters. He had of late somewhat fallen behind his former popularity: but there was always a wide circle of readers for everything he produced. He began life by studying art: he then entered journalism, and was for a time a war correspondent: he began writing novels in 1869, since which time he has published the respectable number of thirty- three. His fir.-t success was in 1871 with " A Daughter of Heth." A story has been going round the papers to the effect that the novel was brought out anonymously in order to avoid the malignity of the Saturday Review, which " always " slated him. There had been no more than two novels to slate, not enough to justify this sweeping asser- tion. Everybody knows the leading character- istic of Black's style : he had very considerable  ## p. 182 (#194) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. descriptive powers: he took his readers into the Highlands and the Hebrides. He brought his heroines into situations of strong contrasts: he was always gentle and well-bred. It would be interesting to know which of Black's novels the public will select for the limited immortality which awaits even the most popular novelist. He was a retiring man for the most part, who was yet fond of society of his own choosing and of his own friends. The cause of his death seems to have been some affection of the brain. The Pall Mall Gazette quotes the suggestion that booksellers should appoint their own reader. "It is obvious," the writer says, " the gentleman with the very moderate salary " — .£400 a year was named —" would, if his report was taken seriously, make or unmake almost any book. If the booksellers do not order a book what chance has it of winning recognition? Surely every publishers' reader makes it his business to con- sider whether a book is likely to sell, and I do not see why the booksellers' man should be any better judge." It also says that the appoint- ment of such a reader "would reduce the in- flueuceof newspaper critics to an amazing degree." Several points occur in this criticism. (1) Do newspaper critics write for the booksellers or for the public? I have always given them credit for writing for the public, in other words, for con- sidering the literary and not the commercial side of literature. As I have pointed out over and over again, there is no necessary connection between the two. (2) The chief function of the reader would be to pick out and recommend from the books whose subjects or whose authors do not carry certain popularity with them. (3) He might undoubtedly make a book; book- sellers would be greatly helped by his reports; and authors as well. Observe, however, that if his recommendations fell into disrepute or into suspicion he would be most certainly sacked. (4) About the publishers' reader. Booksellers do not trust the publishers' reader. They point to their shelves full of failures, and they refuse to trust the publishers' reader. Why, everyone knows dozens of stories of publishers' readers and their mistakes. The best publishers' reader is, in many cases, the publisher himself. Now, in reading a MS., the best reader in the world is liable to make mistakes. But the book- sellers' reader may also make mistakes? He may: but he comes after the other reader, and he reads a printed page, which is better than writing or typewriting. Further, there are multitudes of books which the publishers' reader never sees, notably the books published by the author at his own expense. The writer of the paragraph in the Pall Mall Gazette does not consider, I am afraid, the very serious position of the bookselling trade at this moment: the precarious standing of book- sellers, and the absolute necessity for doing some- thing for them. In The Author for October we set forth a scale showing the respective shares in the profits of a book taken by author, publisher, and bookseller. On an average six-shilling book, if the author had fifteen per cent., the shares would be: author, i0±d.; publisher, is. 7\d.; bookseller, 8§rf. This hardly means a division according to the strictest principles of equity or the nicest sense of honour. At a meeting of a publishing company the other day, one of the shareholders said that the management had no right to gamble with the shareholders' money by publishing any book that was not absolutely certain to sell. He did not go on to inform the meeting how the management were to get enough books of that kind. There are, for instance, hundreds of writers whose books carry no risk of loss, though some of them bring very little profit. I suppose that it is impossible for a publisher to carry on his business without risk of some kind; under that head it has been often defined in these columns. It is the diffe- rence between the cost of production and the first subscription. The difference is not generally great: frequently it is nominal. Two publishing companies have recently held their annual meeting. One of them is about a quarter of a century old, the other is four or five years of age. The former declares no dividend: the latter pays a dividend of 22\ per cent. The chairman of the former laments that "the difficulties of the publishing trade are many and serious." The report of the other says nothing about difficulties, but speaks of success upon success. Now, in the case of the first there are special reasons which have for some years operated against the success of the com- pany, but still it is time that these difficulties should have been got over. In the case of the second company, it is directed by a man who possesses a remarkable power of understanding what people want. This is, in fact, the most important qualification in a managing director— to know what people want. One sees in every list of new books a certain number which people do not want. An intelligent publisher may be "spotted" by the absence of such books in his list; and a small dividend may assuredly be the direct result of publishing what the world does not want.  ## p. 183 (#195) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. '83 Mr. Daldy has been making another wail about American copyright. He wrote to the Times and suggested that this was a favourable moment to make another appeal to the Americans. Well, with a Copyright Commission still sitting, with a Copyright Bill still on the stocks, with no certainty whether the Lords mean to proceed with the Bill, >t seems as if a more inopportune moment could hardly be chosen. But it advertises Mr. Daldy, which is, of course, the main point. Mr. Daldy goes on .to state that the manufacturing clause debars four-fifths of the books published in this country. It is to be hoped that no American will read this statement, for if anything in the world could reconcile him to the present arrangement it is the reflection that if it were abolished the whole of the books published in this country— think of it—the whole !—would be poured into the States! As it is, it is not possible to agree with Mr. Daldy that one-fifth of all our books secure American copyright: more likely—one- tenth. Does Mr. Daldy imagine that there is no literature in America? Does he believe that the Americans crave for everything that we publish? If so, he must have arrived at a very remarkable depth of ignorance. Moreover, the present clause does not debar any book that the American wants. It is a simple condition that the book should be printed in America. The only hardship is the additional cost of setting up, which in a book on demand is not of much importance. But suppose the clause abolished, and in its place the same clause that we have here, of simultaneous publica- tion—what would happen? Books that the Americans want—and none other—would be sent over either in stereo plates or in sheets. Just as at present, it would be necessary to find a pub- lisher and to submit the work in advance. In fact, nothing would be saved except the cost of setting-up, and against that would be placed the stereo plates. And Mr. Daldy's "four- fifths" would remain, as at present, deprived of their valuable copyright by an unappreciative public. It is a pity that we have not reciprocity; but the clause, after all, is a very small thing, and only troublesome in the case of books about which there is doubt whether they shall be taken or not. Have my readers forgotten the proposed memorial to Felicia Hemans? It is only a small amount that is wanted: about .£135 is already promised, and I learn that the committee are anxious to close the fund. Those, therefore, who have promised but not yet paid are invited to do so without delay; and those who have not sent anything should do so at once to Mr. A. Theodore Brown, treasurer of the fund, Exehange- VOL. IX. court, Liverpool. It is suggested that the memo- rial shall take the form of au annual prize for a lyrical poem, the prize-winner to be a student in Liverpool College. For my own part I like not prize poems: no really fine poem was ever obtained in this way. I should have preferred an annual examination in English literature open to all comers under a certain age. Should librarians buy review books? The question was raised recently at a meeting of the Library Assistants' Association. The discussion was begun by Mr. Dyer, who attacked the practice of librarians in purchasing review copies of books, defaced with various stamps embossed or im- pressed, and also with pencil marks, &c., consider- ing that ratepayers might well ask him how money came to be expended on books marked " with the Publisher's compliments."' He considered it an injustice to the author that public money should be spent on books thit are given away, not sold, and that booksellers should not be allowed to sell these books any more than Baron Tauchnitz's publications. Mr. Wood strongly supported the purchase of review copies, as the stamps did not matter. Did not libraries themselves deface books? and did an extra defacement matter't What a librarian wanted was cheap books, and review copies were cheap, and new, and good; therefore these should be bought. Mr. Thome and Mr. Vellenoweth defended the exclusion of these cheap but defaced books, the latter asking how readers could be forbidden to make pencil marks, &c., in books already so marked, as review copies often were. The opinion of the meeting seemed to be in favour of buying review books because they are cheap, while the members present refused to listen to the principle involved. Now, there are 700 free libraries in this country, and the number of copies sent out for review is not more than fifty as a rule. If, out of the fifty, thirty are offered for sale, that leaves 670 libraries which must buy direct. It is not therefore a burning question or an intolerable burden. Yet one would like the matter settled. Ought libraries, as a matter of principle, to buy those review copies? Thev get them very cheap; they may be sometimes marked a little, and it cannot be said that the sale is underhand. Many reviewers have the book in addition to the cheque. When the latter is small the book is thrown in as some compensation, and it is understood that it will be sold. Walter Bbsant. x  ## p. 184 (#196) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. THE PUBLISHER, THE BOOKSELLER, AND THE LIBRARIAN. THIS is the title of an unconventional article in the " Christmas Catalogue," published from the office of the Newsagent and Book- seller's Review. The writer in the first place discusses the cheapening of literature, and prophe- sies that "the 6*. novel will soon have to give place to 2*., and the author, who is now paid huge and disproportionate sums of money for his MS., will have to be content with a more modest- sum and a smaller royalty. The publisher, then, who can look ahead, and who is bold enough to enter the arena, will have no cause to regret it, for although the task may be heavy, he will most assuredly win fame and fortune." Then follows a lament that the libraries have not of late years teen helping the publisher to the extent that is naturally expected, for if the author's name happens to be a new one, he is passed by. The section of the article devoted to publishers con- cludes as follows: The publishing world should be considered more in the light of a charitable combination, for if the publisher did not risk his money to introduce new authors, a very pre- cious few would ever see themselves clothed in fresh ink, newspaper, and gorgeous binding. The article then passes to the bookseller, the writer admitting that the publisher cannot exist without him; remarking his ignorance as to the books he sells, compared with the bookseller of the "old times," and deploring the small pay of the bookseller's assistant. A "new departure" at the biggest circulating library in London is noted, and this, says the writer, is a matter in which the publisher should step in and put his foot down. This is it:— As soon as books can be withdrawn from circulation (and they are often withdrawn much too soon) they are re-bound, cleaned, and sold for half the published price! This, then, clearly is not helping the poor bookseller. There will be lots of people who will wait for these oopies, and thereby save a matter of is. 6d. on a book, to the loss of the bookseller. Again, as to the position of the new author, and giving him a better chance, it is suggested "that the two large Metropolitan libraries relegate a couple or more of competent literary critics to a room set apart for the examination of new books—advance copies being sent them by the publishers for that purpose—and upon the report of these critics, the new writer would be judged according to his merits." As for the librarian, to him is imputed want of enteqmse. "The London librarian is one of the most important men in English literary circles, but it is extremely doubtful if he has ever risen to, or taken advantage of, his opportunities. The libraries of London are dead," &c. "MERLIN AND THE GLEAM." IHAVE waited for the Life of Tennyson to throw some light on a small Tennyson puzzle—why the poet chose to represent Merlin, the bard and wizard of the Arthur legends, as following "The Gleam." Now the book has come, and upon this point I am as unsatisfied as ever. The preface gives a delightfully interesting study of the poem, and some explanation of Tenny- son's feeling for the wizard. "From his boy- hood he had felt the magic of Merlin—that spirit of poetry—which bade him know his power and follow throughout his work a pure and high ideal . . . which helped him through doubt and difficulties to 'endure as seeing Him who is invisible.'" Then the connection with "The Gleam" appears to be traced in Vol. II., p. 366, where we find the note :— "Of Merlin and the Gleam, written in August, 1889, he [Tennyson] says, ' In the story of Merlin and Nimue I have read that Nimue means the Gleam—which in my poem typifies the higher poetic imagination." But Nimue had already been treated by Tenny- son in "Merlin and Vivien," and with no more respect than was shown in Malory's chapter upon "How Merlin was assorted, and doted on one of the ladies of the lake, and how he was shut in a rock under a stone, and there died." Take the ending of this poem :— For Merlin, overtalk'd and overworn, Had yielded, told her all the charm, and slept. Then, in one moment, she put forth the charm Of woven paces and of waving hands, And in the hollow oak he lay as dead, And lost to life and use and name and fame. Then crying, " I have made his glory mine," And shrieking out " O fool!" the harlot leapt Adown the forest, and the thicket closed Behind her, and the forest echo'd "fool." Can this wicked little will-of-the-wisp represent the spirit of poetry? The close of " Merlin and the Gleam" quite forbids one to believe it. I can no longer, But die rejoicing, For through the magic Of Him the Mighty, Who taught me in childhood, There on the border Of boundless ocean, And all but in Heaven Hovers the Gleam. It is hard to think this lovely moral has grown from the Nimue of Malory's tale! I shall be bold enough, at any rate, to make another suggestion. Newman, when asked about the angel faces in " Lead kindly Light." frankly  ## p. 185 (#197) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. confessed that he had forgotten what he meant by them. Tennyson himself for the moment may have mistaken the origin of his Gleam. We know he was a student of Dante. The "sorrow's crown of sorrows" passage is only one of many delicate enrichments from that source; and, in Canto XIII. of the "Purgatorio," we find this allusion: Sapia describes how, "waxing out of bounds " in gladness after a victory, she lifted up her brow, And, like the merlin cheated by a gleam, Cried, "It is over. Heav'n! I fear thee not." Cary's Translation. A note explains the reference: "Canto XIII., v. 114.—The story of the Merlin is that, having been induced by a gleam of fine weather to escape from his master, he was soon oppressed by the rigour of the season." My theory involves a little confusion between Merlin the bird and Merlin the man. A bird following light, a singer reaching after the highest poetic inspiration—the two ideas would be easily merged in one another. Bird or poet might fail of full achievement—strike out too soon for light and freedom, and find death instead of summer. But I shall contend, at least, that it was some transmutation of this bird story in Tennyson's mind which suggested the 1889 poem, and that the wicked little amateur sorceress, whatever her coincidence of name, had really nothing to do with it. Mary Colborne-Veel. New Zealand, 1898. NAXOS. When lonely on the once-delightful shore Stood Ariadne, and the stern wind blew Steadily seaward, till at last she knew Theseus could come no more: Behold! A God, a God rush'd to her side! —Think yon she cared? I know which way she tnrn'd Fair eyes, and longing heart, and lips that burn'd; I know which name she cried! For now the god-like lot draws near to me; Yea, Love-of-one denied, oomes Love-for-all. —But, where art thou? Canst thon not hear me call, O lost, lost Love! to thee? B. E. B. LONDON LIBRARY. THIS important institution opened on Dec. 5 its new buildings which have been erected on the old site, St. James's-square. A distinguished company came to hear Mr. Leslie Stephen, the president, declare the new buildings open. Mr. Stephen in his address explained the history of the movement—the entire breakdown of the old buildings, the want of space, the diffi- culty in finding books, and the lack of a proper reading room. These difficulties have now been removed and these wants supplied in a simple well-lighted airy building. The expense has been met by .£2000 subscribed among the 2472 members, and a loan of .£5000. Mr. Stephen described the increase of the library since 1841, saying that at last there was no way out of the difficulty but to build or to burst, and, of course, they had to set about building. The result was that they had a very great increase of accommo- dation, and their librarian in future would be in the position of a general presiding over an encampment where every regiment had its proper place, and where he knew where to call on every- one of his troops. Mr. Stephen said that when he looked at the great clubs which surrounded them, and in which he was afraid the kitchen was a much more important part of the apparatus than the library, some of his complacency in the new building departed, and remembering that it was the only institution of the kind in London which undertook to give an essential means for the enjoy- ment of good literature in their own houses, he thought after all that it was a mere cottage com- pared with what it ought to be. CORRESPONDENCE. I —Book-Buyers and Booksellers. THE note in the December Author referring to the possible buyers of books is interesting. I have often wondered who are the book- buyers, besides the managers of circulating libraries and literary men. People with incomes of .£500 a year, and more than that, tell me that they cannot afford to buy books. In thousands of big, well-furnished houses one little case, holding fifty or sixty books, at the outside estimate, is considered a fair library. Books are the last things that many wealthy persous dream of buying. Sometimes they have a two-guinea library ticket. Very often they beg or borrow books from impe- cunious friends. It is necessary for a man with .£1000 a year to economise. These people will even ask a half-starved author to lend theiu a copy of his last book, published at 3*. 6d., and to be bought at 3*?. in the 1 i. discount. An enormous number of those who neither toil nor spin can "never find time to read," and another multitude "hate reading," and despise the writers of books as useless, idle fellows, who ought to be trying to make money on the Stock Exchange instead of amusing themselves with  ## p. 186 (#198) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. pen and paper. I have been asked sometimes by pursy people to recommend a book. They inquire if I know anyone who will lend it to them. So far as my experience goes, I am convinced that the keenest readers and the most liberal book-buyers are authors. A philosophical writer known to me, whose income is less than M200 a year, has thousands of books, many of them costly. Another scholarly author, who never earned more than £2 per week, has contrived to fill a study with volumes. Half of his earnings are spent upon books. The other day a well-to-do lady promised to buy a book in which I was interested. It was in the press, and the publishers had proposed to issue it at i*. Subsequently, they changed their minds, and priced the book at 2*. 6d. The well-to-do lady also changed her mind about buying the book. She could not afford more than is. I believe it would pay publishers to print cheap books. Lately, one of the new publishers refused the manuscript of a novel because it was too short for the ordinary Volume form of fiction. If the book would not sell at 2*. 6rf., might it not sell at is. 6d., and perhaps sell much better at the lower price? A word upon booksellers. "The trade" is in a bad way, and this is partly due to the fact that so many persons are niggardly in their expendi- ture upon books. But some booksellers aie not " pushing"; they cannot expert to succeed. When the reprint of "The Dolly Dialogues " was selling in thousands, and lying upon every railway bookstall, I went into a big book shop at Ply- mouth and asked for the book. The shopkeeper said, "I don't keep dialogues." I explained that it was not a theatrical book. "Well, I haven't got it, and I've never heard of it," returned the bookseller, without offering to order it. On another occasion I tried to buy J. A. Symonds' "Study of Walt Whitman," at four large central shops in London. "No, we haven't it," said the assistants. There was no suggestion of obtaining a copy. I should have imagined that a js. 6d. book was worth selling. I sympathise with booksellers in their struggle to pay rents and make a living. Many of them can scarcely live, in spite of energy and enter- prise; but others come to grief through listless- ness and neglecting to display and recommend new books. I was much gratified some time ago by the kindness of two leading members of the trade, who both offered to stock my books when I, as a complete stranger, asked them if they would do so. I think that booksellers would welcome cheaper books, especially works of fiction. Constantly people tell me that they would buy a new novel if it only cost 2*. 6d. They refrain from buying a novel at 4*. 6d., and wait until they can find someone to lend it to them or until the book is in the local free library. I believe that authors, publishers, and booksellers lose in the long run through fixing the price of a novel too high. The book is bought by the few, and it may be read by many; but the majority of readers will be borrowers, and some of them unabashed and unblushing wealthy borrowers. Bryn Aber, Geoffrey Mortimer Llangollen, North Wales. II.—Editor and Contributor. 1. When an editor keeps a MS. months and months, wearing out the writer's patience, and causing him, in many instances, real distress of mind, does it not point to a defective sense of honour in that editor? The author is in his power, has no redress if his copy becomes lost or dog-eared, is obliged to bear meekly neglect or insult, so that, it seems to me, the abuse of his confidence is very like the non-payment of a debt of honour. There is obviously no action we who write can take, but simply sit still and wait for a reformation of charactor in such doers unto others as they would not others should do unto them! Not long ago I wrote to an editor asking when my story, accepted last May, would be likely to appear. He did not reply to a letter and two post-cards, so I wrote for the fourth time with some irritation. This was the imperti- nent answer: "I think it a kindness to tell you that peremptory letters to editors can have but one result." Another story accepted last May was returned in August, and it was only through the services of Mr. Thring that it is accepted again now. When it will appear, Heaven knows! If one dares to beard editorial majesty there can be but one of two results—malicious delay or return of the MS. Truly we may pray for reform of manners. With regard to the ill-bred person who scribbles his presumptuous and often illiterate "corrections" all over another man's literary pro- perty (I have experienced this, and shar* Mr. Wallace's disgust—see last month's Author), he is, of course, so hopelessly void of inborn courtesy or good taste that nothing could touch him but being obliged to pay for re-typing. Surely we can legally claim this if we take the the trouble; or am I mistaken? M. L. P. 11. Most authors, whether of prose or verse, have, I presume, their little " differences " with editors.  ## p. 187 (#199) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 187 1 have, moreover, occasionally to put up with no little injustice. My own experiences in this line have been so numerous that I am tempted to give a few of them in The Author. I must premise by saying that I am one of the most courteous of men myself, and never willingly give offence to any one. More than that, I am ever ready to forgive an affront when sorrow is expressed by the giver of it, and not seldom making the first overtures even here; and yet in spite of all this I have at the present moment the following—what shall we call them ?—say "misunderstandings," to put it mildly. Imprimis.— One of our best known critics and authors once wrote me in reply to a present of a volume of my verse a most kind and appre- ciative letter and highly praised my poetry, rank- ing me among the sweetest of Devon singers now alive. Since then, though I wrote him a most warm and grateful note in reply, I have never had a line from him, and moreover he has just curtly declined for his magazine one of the best poems (in my opinion) I ever wrote! I have written him more than once without any response. Why? Another well-known literary man and poet in the north, who also highly admired, so he said, my poetry, suddenly ceased to write to me or to answer my letters, without any conceivable reason. Nothing could have been more courteous than my letter to him. Why? No. 3 is a west country editor with whom I had a difference, and though I amply apologised to him for a hasty letter, up to this day he has never accepted my apology! No. 4 is a literary friend now living in London, who introduced himself to me years ago, has stayed with me, and now never answers my letters, without any reason. If they are busy, so am I, only I am old-fashioned and foolish enough to forget and forgive and to reply to letters. Dec. 13. F. B. D. nr. Tn your last issue you devote some paragraphs to the recent decision of Judge Emden at the Lambeth County Court, and you say that this case "bears to some extent on the position of an editor to whom MSS. are sent." I should like to point out that this decision is favourable to authors, and ought to be supported in every way. Judge Emden laid down that here the " bailment " was gratuitous; that is, the "bailee," or pers m to whom the MS. was entrusted, had no interest in the matter, and therefore could not be made responsible unless shown to have been guilty of gross negligence. From this argument it logically follows that, had the "bailee" had an interest in the " bail- ment" of the MS., he would have been liable, and the onus would have been shifted on to him to prove that he had exercised reasonable care in preserving it. It appears to me that, in most cases where MSS. are sent to an editor or a publisher, the "bailment" is not gratuitous, for the latter has an interest in the "bailment," as it is thereby he is enabled to make selections on which his business largely dermls. If I am a manu- facturer, and send goods to a dealer on approval, he cannot lose them and say he is only a "gratuitous bailee," and that you must prove he has been grossly negligent before you can claim recompense for the loss of your property. Why, then, should an editor or publisher claim this position? It is true editors sometimes in their advertise- ments repudiate liability for lost MSS., but it is by no means certain they can thus evade a "common law" liability. Howard v. Harris is somewhat against (his con- tention. That was a case similar to the one decided by Judge Emden, but there the play- wright had sent the MS. straight tu the manager of the theatre. The decision of the County Court judge, however, seems to me to have been given on more intelligible grounds than that of the higher court. As the matter is of great importance to authors where a wanton loss of MSS. has occurred, I think it might be advisable to test the matter further. Major Greenwood, LL.B., Barrister-at-Law. III.—The Society as Publishers. I notice in the November number that a writer signing himself "A Member of the Society" raises a question or suggestion upon the impor- tant matter of publishing; and there is also a note on the same by our esteemed " W. B." The first-named wishes the Society to undertake the very much talked-of publishing of books, which the latter thinks would not be done, suggesting, as a medium course, that we might, so to speak, grow a publisher of our own for the purpose. So far as I can say—and I know a good deal about authorship, printing, publishing, &c.—I would think that sin. e both writers (not to speak of thousands of others) are agreed upon the desirability of the project, "W. B." himself might venture to place the matter before the Society at an early meeting; and since he is of opinion that the man procured to publish for authors at 10 per cent. profit should not be allowed to undertake other business, what better way is there than for the Society to procure such a  ## p. 188 (#200) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. man and publish themselves, getting another manager when death or the 101 things would cause a single individual to throw up the sponge? Thus the good work, like the river, even though men men might come and go, would go on for ever. W. B. Lappin. IV.—Fourteen Months' Delay. May I be allowed to corroborate Mr. Wallace's evidence concerning the methods adopted by the Strand Magazine? I submitted a short story for the editor's con- sideration, and after twelve months had rolled by I wrote asking for information concerning it. My letter, however, was ignored, as was a second (although I enclosed stamped addressed envelope for reply). In a third letter I informed him that I should be compelled to make the matter public. This produced an apology from the sub-editor, and a statement that he was "holding the story over in order to bring it to the editor's notice at a favourable moment." Another month passed, and then the MS. was returned as unsuitable, having been detained fourteen months. One of the Rank and File. [One would like to know how many MSS. were waiting their turn to be read: and how many officials were reading them. Without judging any case, it must always be remembered that with every popular magazine the pressure of MSS. is very great—enormous. I should imagine that the explanation of this case is probably that the MS. was slipped among others and so was mis- laid. The writer is naturally—most naturally— angry, but I would suggest some such explana- tion.—Ed.]. BOOK TALK. ME. RIDER HAGGARD has written a new story of South Africa, entitled, " Swal- low: A Tale of the ' Great Trek.'" It will be illustrated by Mr. Maurice Greiffenhagen, and will be published in the spring by Messrs. Longman. Mr. David Christie Murray's new novel, to be published in the spring by Messrs. Pearson, is called "Despair's Last Journey." Mr. William Archer has written an introduc- tion to the English translation of Dr. George Brandes's monograph on Ibsen, which Mr. Heine- mann will publish very soon. A selection of Robert Louis Stevenson's letters to various people will be given by Mr. Sidney Colvin in Scribner's Magazine, the first instal- ment to appear in this month's number. Mr. Henry Murray Lane, Chester Herald, is engaged upon a large genealogical work which Messrs. A. D. Junes and Co. will publish, entitled "The Royal Daughters of England." It will be a compendium of most of the royal and illus- trious families of Europe for over 800 years, and the object with which it is undertaken is to show who are the actual living representatives of the sixty princesses, beginning with the daughters of William the Conqueror, who have issue surviving to the present day. The work will run into four volumes. Mr. F. J. Jackson's book on the Jaekson- Harmsworth expedition to the North Pole will be published by Messrs. Harper in a week or two. It is the record of three years' adventure and scientific research, and includes, of course, an account of the leader's meeting with Dr. Nansen. The title of the book is " A Thousand Days in the Arctic." Mr. J. Grego is editing, with notes, a book on Charles Dickens and his illustrators, which will be published in two volumes by Messrs. Chapman and Hall under the title " Pictorial Pickwickiana." It will be illustrated with drawings and engrav- ings by Seymour Leech, " Phiz," Sir John Gilbert, R.A., C. R. Leslie, R.A., and others. Mr. J. W. Headlam, Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, is writing for the Cambridge His- torical Series a volume on the modern German Empire, 1815-1871. Mrs. H. J. Tennant and Miss Mona Wilson have written a handbook entitled "Working Women in Factories, Workshops, and Laundries, and How to Help Them." It will be published shortly by Messrs. Duckworth and Co. Herr Charles Neufeld, who was released from his long imprisonment in Khartoum when the victorious British troops entered the city, is writing an account of his experiences during his long captivity in the stronghold of Mahdism. Miss Mary Bateson is editing for the Royal Historical Society "A Narrative of Political Events, 1765-1767, by the Duke of Newcastle." Mr. F. G. Kitten's forthcoming memoir of Dr. Buck, formerly organist and master of the choristers at Norwich Cathedral, will contain new letters of Jenny Lind, Professor John Hullah, Professor Sedgwick, Sir Sterndale Bennett, Dean Stanley, and others. Messrs. Jarrold and Sons will publish the work. In the Atlantic Monthly for December Mr. Pierre la Rose gives a hitherto unpublished poem by Byron — namely, a version of Ossian's "Address to the Sun." This is accompanied by many notes on Ossian written by Byron when he  ## p. 189 (#201) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. was about eighteen years of age. The whole of these—poem and notes—are written in Byron's own hand in a copy of the 1806 edition of "The Poems of Ossian" which is now one of the treasures of the library of Harvard University. It came into the possession of the college in 1874, as part of the bequest of Charles Sumner, who had acquired it for twenty guineas. Byron at this time swallowed Macpherson, of whom his notes show him to be an enthusiastic admirer. The following are the opening lines of the poem :— 0 thou! who rollest in yon azure field, Bound as the orb of my forefather's shield, Whence are thy beams? From what eternal store Dost thou, O Sun! thy vast effulgence pour? In awful grandeur, when thou movest on high, The stars start back and hide them in the sky; The pale moon sickens in thy brightening blaze, And in the western wave avoids thy gaze- Alone thou shinest forth—for who can riso Companion of thy splendour in tho skies! Some good literary plums will be ripe next season (says the Westminster Gazette) to fall into the hands of those who reprint notable books as soon as the copyright expires. This season an example of this sort has been "John Halifax, Gentleman," by Mrs. Craik, a charming edition of which Messrs. Dent have just issued. That very popular novel has been reprinted by six publishers at least, besides the six different editions from the authorised publishers on sale before. In 1899 another portion of Tennyson's poetry will be out of copyright; Dr. Livingstone's first African travels, issued in 1857; "Tom Brown's School- days," and Borrow's " Lavengro." Sir William Wilson Hunter, K.C.S.I., is writing a history of British India, which will occupy five volumes. The first of these, which will carry the narrative through our struggle for the spice trade of the Eastern Archipelago and our expulsion by the Dutch from the Spice Islands, will be published by Messrs. Longman next month. The attention of Messrs. A. D. Innes and Co. has been called to a curious error on the title page of Mr. Arthur Paterson's last novel, "The Gospel Writ in Steel." He is there credited with the authorship not only of "A Son of the Plains," which he did write, but also of "The Man from Snowy River," which is the work of Mr. A. B. Paterson, an entirely different person. "It does not appear," Messrs. Innes say, "that Mr. Pater- son passed this title-page for press himself." The Saturday Review has again changed hands, the Earl of Hardwicke having acquired the controlling interest of Mr. Frank Harris. The new editor will bo Mr. Harold Hodge, barrister, who is connected with the firm of Sothcby, Wilkinson, and Hodge, the well-known book dealers. Mr. David Williamson is to edit the Puritan, a new magazine for Free Churchmen, which will be started shortly, with Mr. Bowden as pub- lisher. Mrs. Adeane, author of "The Girlhood of Maria Holroyd," is continuing the record of this lady as Lady Stanley of Alderley in a book to be published by Messrs. Longman. Mr. W. M. Rossetti contributes to the December number of the Pall Mall Magazine some unpublished fragments by his brother Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Mr. Bernard Wentworth, author of "The Master of Hullingham Manor," "Anti-Agnosti- cism," &c., has been commissioned by Mr. Garnet Wolseley Cox to write the libretto, in blank verse, of a new grand opera by Mr. G. W. Cox. Mr. Wentworth has lately been appointed to the staff of one of the leading Warwickshire papers, the Leamington Advertiser. A new short story by Mr. Wentworth appears in the Christmas number of that journal, entitled "Estebau Cortes," a tale of Spain and the late Spanish-American war. "Excursions in Comedy," a small volume of dramatic sketches by Mr. William Toyubee, has just been published by Mr. H. J. Glaisher, of 57, Wigmore-street, who also announces a volume of verse by the same author, entitled "On Oaten Flute," of which a limited number was privately printed in 1897. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of York and the Duchess of Fife have both graciously accepted copies of a new book for children entitled "A Story Book for Lesson Time," or a child's first English grammar. The volume has recently been published by Messrs. Constable and Co. On the 11th of the current month CasseWs Saturday Journal will commence the serial pub- lication of a modern novel of adventure by Mr. John Bloundelle-Burton, this being the first present day romance which the author has pro- duced for ten years. In it Mr. Bloundelle-Burton returns to the locality of some of his earlier stories, viz., the region of the West Indies, he having chosen British Honduras for his scene. It will be entitled "A Bitter Birthright," and will also be produced serially in the United States at the same time. "The Cardinal's Page," James Baker's new novel, was only issued on the 12th November, but the first edition is gone and a second is now being sent out.  ## p. 190 (#202) ############################################ 190 THE AUTHOR. "Divil-May-Care," a new novel by Miss May Crommelin, has just been published by Messrs. F. V. White and Co. This novel deals with adventures in Ulster, and some of the magic and folklore of the peasantry, interspersed with rather sensational, but, as we are assured, true stories. "The New Far East," by Arthur Diosy (Vice- Chairman of the Council of the Japan Society), with a map and illustrations from special designs by Kuboto Beisen, of Tokio, has just been pub- lished by Messrs. Cassell and Co. Mr. E. M. Garnier, author of "The History of the Landed Interest,'' "Annals of the British Peasantry," &c., has token to historical fiction, and Messrs. Harper and Brothers have just pub- lished for him "His Counterpart," a romance dealing with the early life of John Churchill, first Duke of Marlborough. A novel, by Mrs. Neville Walford, called " Until the Dawn," is now ready for publication, and will shortlv be issued by Messrs. Chapman and Hall. Within three weeks of its publication by Messrs. Chapman and Hall, a German edition of Mr. A. Eedcote Dewar's book, " From Matter to Man," was called for. The eminent German scientist Professor Ludwig Biicherer, of Darm- stadt, has undertaken to be editor. Mr. W. B. Lappin, the Irish author, well known in the Emerald Isle for his descriptive scene paint- ing and "special" article work, is just now engaged on a new novel entitled "Mad Mag," the scenes of which are laid in the author's native province of "the black north," added to a mythical continental creation. The Christmas number of Household Words contains a story entitled "The Warning Bell," by Mrs. do Courcy Laffan (Mrs. Leith Adams). About the last week in January a volume of collected stories, by the same writer, will be published in six-shilling volume form by Messrs. Digby, Long, and Co., of 18, Bouverie-street. The initial story gives the title to the book, "Accessory Before the Fact," and will be illustrated by Mr. Trevor Haddon, R.B.A. Early in the spring a serial by Mrs. Laffan, entitled "The Vicar of Dale End," will commence to run in Household Words; and a series of papers, run- ning in the Oakleaf— the magazine of the ist Battalion "Cheshire" Regiment, now quartered in the Deccan—will assume volume form, under the title of "Regimentol Memories." "Georgie's Wooer "—a story by Mrs. Laffan that has had a great vogue in America—where the publishers are Messrs. Harper and Co., of New York—. appears this week in the popular cheap series entitled "The Welcome Librarv," published by Mr. F. White, of Bedford-street. Strand. Mr. Stephen Wheeler has been authorised by Lady Graves Sawle to publish a final selection from Walter Savage Landor's correspondence with the sister and niece of Rose Aylmer. Messrs. Duckworth will publish the volume. A movement is being made to secure a Civil List pension or a grant for the family of the late Mr. Gleeson White. The friends of Mr. White are in the meantime raising a subscription, sub- scribers to which are asked to communicate with Mr. H. R. Hope-Pinker, 22, Avonmore-road, West Kensington. An appeal is also made to friends and the public on behalf of the widow and four children of the late Mr. Harold Frederic . The hon. secretory and treasurer of this fund is Mr. W. J. Fisher, 88, St. George's-square, S.W. A meeting of subscribers for the Liverpool memorial to Mrs. Hemans will be held at the Common Hall, Hackins Hey, Liverpool, on the 6th inst. It is expected that a sum of ^6135 will be available, and the meeting will decide what form the memorial shall take. A movement is on foot to erect a statue of Byron in Aberdeen city, which is, of course, inti- mately associated with the poet's early days. Subscriptions to the fund are being received by the City Chamberlain, Town House, Aberdeen. A Lever Society is being formed in London for the purpose of interchanging views and opinions concerning his novels, and also with the intention of getting together material for a new Life of Lever. Anyone who has any documents or letters, or who can supply any reminiscences of Lever, or who is interested in the man and his works, is invited to communicate with the hon. secretary of the Lever Society, Mr. Arthur Dana, 67, Guilford-street, Russell-square, W.C. The 150th anniversary of Goethe's birthday occurs this year, and it is proposed to erect a statue of the poet in Strasburg, at whose college he studied. A monument to the memory of Mathilde Blind was unveiled at Finchley Cemetery a few weeks ago, in the presence of a large gathering of friends of the late poet. The second number of the Windmill, an illustrated quarterly of literature and art, contains a short paper by Vernon Gibberd, on " Periodical Literature. "The advertising agent," says the writer, " is fast beeouiing a more important per- sonage than the literary contributor, for upon  ## p. 191 (#203) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. him more than upon the buyers must the pro- prietors rely, not only for the sources of the cost .of production, but also for the means of profit." "But there are higher things in art than novelty," "and it is to vindicate the dignity of literature and the honour of art that certain literary and artistic quarterlies have at different times made their appeal, not so much to the reading public as to the lovers of literature and the appre- ciators of art." The writer continues :—. In some degree they may be said to represent a revolt, and it is perhaps their misfortune that so many of the B. P. regard all rebellion as immoral. Their voice has been lifted no against convention and conservatism, in art and litera- ture, against arbitrary standards and dogmatic conventions. If they have attempted the impossible it is that they might attain a high point in the possible. They at least formed a medium for the newer spirit to make itself articulate, and the cynicism of the Philistine that "in these days men mount to fame on a Fallout Book article " covers the truth that writers before denied a hearing have by subsequent appreciation justified their literary existence. We understand that Mr. Stanley Lane Poole, author of the volume recently published in the "Heroes of the Nations " series by G. P. Putnam and Sons, entitled " Saladin: and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem," has just been appointed Professor of Arabic in the University of Dublin. Mrs. Molesworth has been writing in Chambers's Journal (December) on story-writing for the young, which, she says, " is yet a different thing, almost a different art, from that of writing for adults." It is necessary to become in some sense a chilil again, yet one must retain one's older experience and greater wisdom, for there is so much to be avoided:— All suggestion of many of the sadder facts of our com- plex human nature, which, though learnt they must be when the boy and girl become man and woman, it would be cruel as «ell as sinful to teach prematurely; all elements of suspiciousness, of distrnstfulness of others—above all, of those whom onr darlings naturally look up to and revere; all painting in too gloomy colours of this life, sorrow- burdened, even almost hopelessly tragic as it often seems to us—till, as the " eventide" approaches, with a wonderful return to the faithful child nature, we come to believe again in the " light " as the reality—all these rocks and shoals of danger and injury must be steered clear of with perfect skill. For " humbug" in any form is quickly detected by children; many points a child's story-teller must be content to evade, simply to leave untouched upon, never to tell untruths about. Those who have studied the subject will feel especially the force of what Mrs. Molesworth calls "the important distinction which should be drawn between writing about and writing for children." Miss Ehoda Broughton's new story, "The Game and the Candle," begins in the January number of Temple Bar. The identity of C. E. Raimond, the author of 'The Open Question" (and other earlier novels), has been disclosed as Miss Elizabeth Robins, a lady well known in various Ibsen role*. Mrs. John Richard Green is writing a history of England, designed principally for use in schools. Mr. Neil Munro's new Higland story, "The Paymaster's Boy: His Fancy, His Love, and Adventures," begins its course as a serial in the January number of Good Words. Sir Willi *m Harcourt (according to the Man- chester Guardian) is likely to employ his increased leisure in a work which he has long had in his mind, and for which he has been collecting materials for some years. This is a study of the life and political career of Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke, the great Tory statesman of Queen Anne's reign. Sir George Trevelyan is publishing through Messrs. Longman in a few days the first part of his new work " The American Revolution (1766- 1776)." In his preface, the author says he is aware that an expectation exists among those who have read "The Early History of Charles James Fox" that he would carry on the account of that statesman's life from the point at which he dropped it eighteen years ago. When the con- sideration of the project was seriously approached, it became evident that the difficulties of writing a political biography, as distinguished from a political history, were in this case insuperable. The story of Fox between 1774 and 1782 is in- extricably interwoven with the story of the American Revolution. What was done and spoken at Westminster cannot be rightly ex- plained, nor the conduct of British public men fairly judged, without a clear and reasonably detailed account of that which occurred contem- poraneously beyond the Atlantic. The story of the times in which Fox lived and wrought has hitherto been told as it presented itself to the author; and he trusts that his telling of it may interest others sufficiently to encourage him in continuing it. A writer in the Medical Press and Circular has been remonstrating with novelists ou the absence of births from the incidents of their books. The proportion of births to deaths in fiction is placed at one to ninety-six; and the writer has therefore no difficulty in predicting that the world of fiction will at this rate be de- populated in eleven years or so. Particular reference is made to Mr. Marion Crawford's works, in which there are nin-ty-oue deaths and seven marriages, but only two obstetrical inci- dents; whde Mr. Anthony Hope's "Prisoner of Zenda" has on an average five deaths to a chapter, but not a birth in the whole book.  ## p. 192 (#204) ############################################ 192 THE AUTHOR. "Is the Modern Novel Helpful or Harmful to Morality ?" is the subject of a paper by Dr. Johu Clifford, M.A., in Great Thoughts for Dee. 31. His discussion of the question may be reduced to a simple statement that there are novels which do and novels which do not help in making the best men and women. In classifying faulty types from the point of view of moral progress, the writer places those novels wherein it is insinuated that wealth is the fount of virtue—" I thiuk I would be a good woman if I had .£5000 a year," said Becky Sharp; an observation which Dr. Clif- ford describes as the hackneyed text for "book after book." The second objection is to the treat- ment of tragedies of love, as to which the writer says:— To paint a man puling- and whining because be has fallen in love with another man's wife and cannot marry her, is bad Art and bad Ethics combined. Why not sketch a man pnling and whining because he cannot steal £ 10,000 with- out risking the prison, or because he cannot appropriate a few aores of land he would like to have? Such a novel menaces the strength of the will. It takes the iron out of the blood. It gives the rein to passion, and imperils the man, the home, and the State. Even in these respects, however, Dr. Clifford thinks the Modern Novel advancing; and, apart from his objections, "we gladly recognise," he says, "but we can never repay, our debt to the Modern Novel." The dinner of the Anglo-African Writers' Club took place on Dec, 21, in the Grand Hotel, London, Mr. H. Rider Haggard presiding. Mr. Bryce, the honorary president, delivered a speech on colonial possibilities in literature. If, he said, we had understood our colonies of North America in 1776 they would have been our colonies still, and if better results had come in la'e years it was largely because by literature and personal communications the two nations knew each other better. He did not think it idle to suppose that the time would come when the literary activity of our colonies themselves might be far more abundant and powerful than now. At present they were in the state of bringing things into order and developing the agencies of commerce, and the time for literature had perhaps hardly yet come. The time, however, might come when the literary activity of the English race would be largely replenished by the assistance of our fellow countrymen beyond the seas, aud he pointed out that this had been in some measure anticipated in the International and Colonial Copyright Act of 1886. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. Smollett and the Preface. CAN any reader of The Author inform the undersigned in what book occurs a passage to the effect that " A preface, according to Tobias Smollett (?), is something which, though usually put at the beginning of a book, ought really to come at its end?" A somewhat similar passage occurs in the preface to " Waverley," but that is not the one to which I refer. H. Ha.es. A Question of Form. "The world-customer — with the polyglot German at one elbow with his cheapness, and the American at the other elbow with his smartness —is now beginning to leave the Englishman, to his but 110 one's else astonishment." This is a sentence from a recent article in the Saturday Jtecieir. May I inquire which is the correct form-—no one's else or no one else's? T. OBITUARY. MR. WILLIAM BLACK died on the even- ing of Saturday, Dec. 10, at his resi- dence, Paston House, Brighton. Over- work had affected Mr. Black's health during three or four years; about September the illness took a terious form, and for the last few weeks of his life he suffered from brain fever. Born in Glasgow in 1841, Mr. Black studied art at the Government Art School there for two years, and then turned into journalism. He left the staff of the Glasgow Weekly Citizen in 1864 to come to London, where he joined the late Morning Star, and had for colleagues Mr. Morley, Mr. McCarthy, Sir Edward Russell, and Mr. Charles Cooper. In the same year he published "James Merle: an Autobiography," and after serving his paper in the capacity of war correspondent in the Prusso-Russian War of 1866, Mr. Black wrote for the Echo and afterwards for the Daily Neves, occupying for four years the post of assistant- editor of the latter journal. He also edited the Examiner for a short time. "Love or Marriage," which he came to dislike, was published in 1867, "In Silk Attire," two years later, but attracted very little attention: Mr. Black's first great success was achieved in 1871 with "A Daughter of Heth." "A Princess of Thule," issued in 1873, found Mr. Black's reputation established, and since then stories came from his pen at the rate of about one each year, and everything he wrote  ## p. 193 (#205) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. i93 found a ready public. His books were so often laid in tbe Scottish Highlands that this part of the world was recognised as his particular field, whose atmosphere and scenery he loved so well and presented so vividly to his readers. It is only necessary to name "Macleod of Dare," "The Strange Adventures of a Phaeton," " White Heather," "Far Lochaber," "Briseis," and his last novel, published last year, " Wild Eelin," to 1 all up in one's mind the wholesome characteris- tics of Mr. Black's work and the deep feeling for Nature which it exhibits. Mr. Black did not occupy the public eye much except through his novels. He was accustomed to seek recreation in his favourite sport of salmon-fishing on Highland lochs, and to think out his plots during solitary perambulation on the sea front at Brighton. The late Mrs. Haweis was the author of "The Art of Beauty," "The Art of Decoration," "Chaucer for Children," and other books, includ- ing a novel dealing with the problem of divorce, entitled "A Flame of Fire." Mrs. Haweis, who was the wife of the Rev. H. R. Haweis, did much journalistic work, including London correspon- dence for the Sydney Herald, and was deeply devoted to the causes of higher education for women and female enfranchisement. She had been in failing health for some time, and died at Bath five weeks ago. The late Mr. John L. Owen was well known and popular in journalistic circles in London. His books include "The Great Jekyll Diamond," "Piccadilly Poems," and "Seven Nights with Satan," the last being published only a few weeks since. Mr. Owen died after an illness lasting several months. SOME SAYINQS IN 1898. BUT with regard to the general public, the reader of a review article finds it impos- sible to escape from the authority of the editorial " we," and the power of a single writer to benefit or to injure an author is so great that none but the most deeply conscientious men ought to enter the ranks of the anonymous reviewers.— Alhenseum. If you would succeed as an author, be one and nothing else. If you can beg, borrow, or steal as much as .£50 a year, cut yourself off from every- thing and write.—Julian Croskey on the results of his experience (in the New Century Review). I think our friends the publishers should try publishing books somewhat cheaper.—Mr. Bryce. The novel at a guinea-and-a-half died hard in this country ; the novel at 5*. or 6*. still cumbers the earth.—Daily News. Our bookstalls are flooded with works of fiction mostly written by women—often ungrammatical,. largely worthless in character, and wholly devoid of any reasonable interest.—Daily Telegraph. The spread of a certain education, the constant cheapening of production, and the rapid expan- sion of the means of distribution to all the world,, have substituted for a small and cultured public an immense audience whom no man can number but who ask only to be amused.—Daily Chronicle. THE BOOKS OF THE MONTH. [Nov. 23 to Dec. 22—445 Books.] Abell, H. F. History of Kent. 6/- Ashford: Kentisli Ej-preu. 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