https://historysoa.com/files/original/5/306/1897-08-02-The-Author-8-3.pdf eb8c988715633956c9c1de1e4d303380 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource The Author Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, The Author, 1890–1914, made available together for the first time. Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&collection=&type=&tags=&exhibit=&date_search_term=&submit_search=Search+For+Items&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1897-08-02 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages Page range in volume 57–88 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18970802 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin XL he Hutbor* (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Aidhors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vol. VIII.—No. 3.] AUGUST 2, 1897. [Price Sixpence. CONT FAQ I General Memoranda 87 From the Committee 59 Literary Properly—1. The Home of Lords Committee. 2. The New Copyright Bill. 3. The Eight of CriiioiBm. 4. University of Cambridge r. Blackie and Sons 59 Copyright (Amendment) Bill (H. of L.) 63 Civil List Pensions 67 Notes and News. By the Editor 67 The Proposed Net System "1 A Warning to Authors and Others 72 A Case in Pofnt 74 ENTS. PAOI 'International Library Conference 75 Book Talk 78 Fashions in Language. By H. O. K ... 81 Correspondence.—1. Corruptions of the Language. 2. Editor and Contributor. 8. English Novels In Germany. 4. A Query. 5. Transliteration. 6. Subjunctive Mood: its Present Day use. 7. Cost of Production. S. How Long; 82 Literature in the Periodicals 85 Personal 86 Obituary 87 The Books of the Month 87 PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY. 1. The Annual Report, That for January 1897 can be had on application to the Secretary. 2. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance of Literary Property. Issued to all Members, 6*. 6d. per annum. Back numbers are offered at the following prices: Vol. I., 10*. 6d. (Bound); Vols. II., III., and IV., 8«. 6d. each (Bound); Vol. V., 6s. 6J. (Unbound). 3. Literature and the Pension List. By W. Morris Colles, Barrister-at-Law. (Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C.) 3$. 4. The History of the Societe des Gens de Lettres. By S. Squire Spriooe, late Secretary to the Society, is. 5. The Cost of Production. In this work specimens are given of the most important forms of type, size of page, <fec, with estimates showing what it costs to produce the more common kinds of books. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 2*. 6d. 6. The Various Methods of Publication. By S. Squire Sprigoe. In this work, compiled from the papers in the Society's offices, the various forms of agreements proposed by Publishers to Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the various kinds of fraud which have been made possible by the different clauses in their agreements. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 3*. 7. Copyright Law Reform. An Exposition of Lord Monkswell's Copyright Bill now before Parlia- ment. With Extracts from the Report of the Commission of 1878, and an Appendix containing the Berne Convention and the American Copyright Bill. By J. M. Lely. Eyre and Spottiswoode. is. 6d. 8. The Society of Authors. A Record of its Action from its Foundation. By Walter Besant (Chairman of Committee, 1888—1892). is. 9. The Contract of Publication in Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland. By Ernst Lunge, J.U.D. 2*. 6d. ## p. 56 (#470) ############################################# 11 AD VER TISEMENTS. ^i)e gociefj} of Jlufljors (§ttcotporafe6). 8ib Edwin Arnold, K.C.I.E., C.S.I. J. M. Barbie. A. W. X Beckett. Robert Bat em an. F. E. Beddard, F.R.S. Sir Henry Bkrgne, K.C.M.G. Sib Walter Besant. ATjOUBTINE BlRRELL, M.P. Rev. Prop. Bonnet, F.R.S. Right Hon. James Brtce, M.P. Right Hon. Lord Burohclire, P.C. Hall Cains. Eoerton Castle, F.S.A. P. W. Clatden. Edward Clodd. W. Morris Colles. Hon. John Collier. Sir W. Martin Conwat. F. Marion Crawford. The Eabl of Desart. president. o-ieozroce :mz:e:k.:e:dit;e3:. COUNCIL. Adstin Dobson. a. conan dotle, m.d. A. W. Dubouro. Prof. Michael Foster, F.R.S. D. W. Freshfield. Richard Garnett, C.B., LL.D. Edmund Gosse. H. Rider Haqgard. Thomas Hardy. Anthony Hope Hawkins. Jerome K. Jerome. RuDYARD KlPLINO. Prof. E. Ray Lankester, F.R.S. W. E. H. Lecky, P.C. J. M. Lely. Mrs. E. Lynn Linton. Rev. W. J. Loftie, F.S.A. Sir A. C. Mackenzie, Mas.Doc. Prof. J. M. D. Meiklejohn. Herman C. Merivale. Eon. Counsel — E. M. Underdown, Rev. C. H. Middleton-Wake. Sir Lewis Morris. Henry Norman. Miss E. A. Ormerod. J. C. Parkinson. Right Hon. Lord Pirbrioht, P.C, F.R.S. Sir Frederick Pollock, Bart., LL.D. Walter Herries Pollock. W. Baptiste Scoones. Miss Flora L. Shaw. G. R. Sims. S. Squire Spriqoe. J. J. Stevenson. Francis Store. William Moy Thomas. H. D. Traill, D.C.L. Mrs. Humphry Ward. Miss Charlotte M. Yonoe. Q.C. A.. W. X Beckett. Sir Walter Besant. Eoerton Castle, F.S.A. W. Morris Colles. ART. Hon. John Collier (Chairman). Sir W. Martin Conway. M. H. Spielmann COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT Chairman—H. Rider Haggard. Sir W. Martin Conway. D. W. Freshfield. Anthony Hope Hawkins. J. M. Lely. SU B-COM M ITTEES. MUSIC. C. Villiers Stanford, Mas.D. (Chairman) Jacques Blumenthal. J. L. Molloy. Sir A. C. Mackenzie, Mub.Doc. Henry Norman. Francis Storr. Solicitors— f Field, Roscoe, and Co., Lincoln's Inn Fields DRAMA. Henry Arthur Jones (Chairman). A. W. a Beckett. Edward Rose. Herbert Thring, B.A., 4, Portugal-street. Secretary—G. Herbert Thrino, B.A. OFFICES: 4, Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C. .A.. IP. WJ^TT & SOINT, LITERARY AGENTS, Formerly of 2, PATERNOSTER SQUARE, Have now removed to HASTINGS HOUSE, NORFOLK STREET, STRAND, LONDON". W.C. Published every Friday morning; price, without Reports, 9<L; with Reports, Is. THE LAW TIMES, the Journal of the Law and the Lawyers, which has now been established for over half a century, supplies to the Profession a complete Record of the Progress of Legal Reforms, and of all matters affecting the Legal Profession. The Reports of the Law Times are now recognised as the most complete and efficient Beries published. Offices: Windsor House, Bream's-buildings, E.0 THE ART of CHESS. By James Mason. Price 5s. net, by post 5s. 4d. London: Horace Cox, Windsor House, Bream's-buildings, E.0. THE KNIGHTS and KINGS of CHESS. By the Rev. G. A. MACDONNELL, B.A. With Portrait and 17 Illustra- tions. Crown 8vo., cloth boards, price 2s. «d. net. London: HouACE Cox, Windsor House, Bream's-buildings, E.O. ## p. 57 (#471) ############################################# be Hutbor* (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vol. VIII.—No. 3.] AUGUST 2, 1897. [Price Sixpence. For the Opinions expressed in papers that are signed or initialled the Authors alone are responsible. None of the papers or para- graphs must be taken as expressing the collective opinions of the Committee unless they are. officially signed by G. Herbert Thring, Sec. THE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and requests that all members not receiving an answer to important communications within two days will write to him without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered letter only. Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub- jects whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS. GENERAL MEMORANDA. FOB some years it has been the praotioe to insert, in every number of The Author, certain " General Con- siderations," Warnings, Notices, &c, for the guidance of the reader. It has been objeoted as regards these warnings that the tricks or frauds against which they are directed cannot all be guarded against, for obvious reasons. It is, however, well that they should be borne in mind, and if any publisher refuses a clause of precaution he simply reveals his true character, and should be left to carry on his business in his own way. Let us, however, draw up a few of the rules to be observed in an agreement. There are three methods of dealing with literary property:— I. That of Belling it outright. This is in some respects the most satisfactory, if a proper price can be obtained. But the transaction should be managed by a competent agent. II. A pro&t-sharing agreement. In this case the following rules should be attended to > (1.) Not to sign any agreement in which the cost of pro- duction forms a part. (2.) Not to give the publisher the power of putting the profits into his own pocket by charging for advertisements VOL. VIII. in his own organs: or by charging exchange advertise- ments. _ (3.) Not to allow a special charge for " offioe expenses," unless the same allowance is made to the author. (4.) Not to give up American, Colonial, or Continental rights. (5.) Not to give up serial or translation rights. (6.) Not to bind yourself for future work to any publisher. As well bind yourself for the future to any one solicitor or doctor! (7.) To stamp the agreement. III. The royalty system. In this system, which has opened the door to a most amazing amount of overreaching and trading on the author's ignorance, it is above all things necessary to know what the proposed royalty means to both °ides. It is now possible for an author to ascertain approximately and very nearly the truth. Prom time to time the very important figures conneoted with royalties are published in The Author. Readers can also work out the figures themselves from the "Cost of Production." Let no one, not even the youngest writer, sign a royalty agreement without finding out what it gives the publisher as well as himself. It has been objeoted. that these precautions presuppose a great success for the book, and that very few books indeed attain to this great success. That is quite true: but there is always this uncertainty of literary property that, although the works of a groat many authors carry with them no risk at all, and although of a great many it is known within a few copies what will be their minimum circulation, it is not known what will be their maximum. Therefore every author, for every book, should arrange on the chance of a success whioh will not, probably, come at all; but which may come. The four points whioh the Society has always demanded from the outset are:— (1.) That both sides shall know what an agreement means. (2.) The inspection of those account books which belong to the author. We are advised that this is a right, in the nature of a common law right, which cannot be denied or withheld. (3.) That there shall be no secret profits. (4.) That nothing shall be charged whioh has not been actually paid—for instance, that there shall be no charge for advertisements in the publisher's own organs and none for exchanged advertisements and that all dissounta shall b" duly entered. If these points are carefully looked after, the author may rest pretty well assured that he is in right hands. At the same time he will do well to send his agreement to the secretary before he signs it. F 2 ## p. 58 (#472) ############################################# 58 THE AUTHOR. HOW TO USB THE SOCIETY. I. "TTWERY member has a right to ask for and to receive I* J advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub- lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his business or the administration of his property. If the advice sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member has a right to an opinion from the Society's solicitors. If the case is such that Counsel's opinion is desirable, the Com- mittee will obtain for him Counsel's opinion. All this without any cost to the member. 2. Eemember that questions connected with oopyright and publisher's agreements do not generally fall within the experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually engaged upon such questions for us. 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books represented. This is in order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree- ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The Seoretary will always be glad to have any agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor- mation thns obtained may prove invaluable. 4. If the examination of your previous business trans- actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should take advice as to a change of publishers. 5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro- posed dooument to the Society for examination. 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the cose of fraudulent houses—the tricks of every publish- ing firm in the country. 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen- dence of the writer. 8. Send to the Editor of The Author notes of everything important to literature that you may hear or meet with. 9. The committee have now arranged for the reception of members' agreements and their preservation in a fireproof safe. The agreements will, of course, be regarded as con- fidential documents to be read only by the Secretary, who will keep the key of the safe. The Society now offers:—(1) To read and advise upon agreements and publishers. (2) To stamp agreements in readiness for a possible action upon them. (3) To keep agreements. (4) To enforce payments due according to agreements. THE AUTHORS' SYNDICATE. MEMBERS are informed: 1. That the Authors' Syndicate takes charge of the business of members of the Society. That it submits MSS. to publishers and editors, concludes agree- ments, examines, passes, and collects accounts, and, gene- rally, relieves members of the trouble of managing business details. 2. That the terms upon which its services can be secured will be forwarded upon detailed application. 3. That the Authors' Syndicate works only for those members of the Society whose work possesses a market value. 4. That the Syndicate can only undertake any negotiations whatever ou the distinct understanding that those negotia- tions are placed exclusively in its hands, and that all communications relating thereto are referred to it. 5. That clients can only be seen by the Direotor by appointment, and that, when possible, at least two days' notice should be given. 6. That every attempt is made to deal with all communi- cations promptly. That stamps should, in ail cases, be sent to defray postage. 7. That the Authors' Syndicate does not invite MSS. without previous correspondence; does not hold itself responsible for MSS. forwarded without notice; and that in all cases MSS. must be accompanied by stamps to defray postage. 8. That the Syndicate undertakes arrangements for lectures by some of the leading members of the Society; that it has a "Transfer Department" for the sale and purchase of journals and periodicals; and that a " Register of Wants and Wanted" is open. Members are invited to communicate their requirements to the Manager. There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in the Syndicate. NOTICES. THE Editor of The Author begs to remind members of the Society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and communications on all subjects connected with literature from members and others. Nothing can do more good to the Society than to make The Author complete, attractive, and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this work send their names and the special subjects on which they ore willing to write? Communications for The Author should reach the Editor not later than the 21 st of each month. All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate to the Editor any points connected with their work which it would be advisable in the general interest to publish. Members and others who wish their MSS. read are requested not to send them to the Office without previously communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in which they are received. It must also be distinctly under- stood that the Society does not, under any circumstances, undertake the publication of MSS. The Authors' Club is now open in its new premises, at 3, Whitehall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary for information, rules of admission, Ac. Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they have paid their subscriptions for the year? If they will do this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker's order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the trouble of sending out a reminder. Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the following warning. It is a most foolish and may be a most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest . I ## p. 59 (#473) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 59 or dishonest? Of coarse they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign them- selves into literary bondage for three or five years? Those who possess the "Cost of Production" are requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15 per cent. This means, for those who do not like the trouble of "doing sums," the addition of three shillings in the pound on this head. In other words, if the cost of binding is set down in our book at eight pounds, to this must now be added twenty-four shillings more, bo that it now stands at £g 48. The figures in our book are as near the exact truth as can be procured; but a printer's, or a binder's, bill is so elastic a thing that nothing more exact can be arrived at. Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged in the " Cost of Production " for advertising. Of course, we have not included any sums which may be charged for inserting advertisements in the publisher's own magazines, or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too often go, there is nothing to prevent the publishor from sweeping the whole profits o a book into his own pocket, by inserting any number of advertisements in his own magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it. FROM THE COMMITTEE. ON Thursday, July 26, a meeting of the Com- mittee was held at the Medical Association Rooms, Hanover-square. It was Resolved: "That in view of the proposed action of the Publishers' Association towards the booksellers, a committee be appointed to consider the whole questiou, and to arrive at the opinions and inte- rests of the persons most concerned. That the committee should consist of five, who should have power to extend their number to twelve, but not more." It is expected that the committee will begin their work in September. Owing to the great pressure upon our space this month, Mr. Hapgood's New York Letter, and Mr. Sherard's Notes from Elsewhere, have been unavoidably held over. LITERARY PROPERTY. I.—The House of Loeds Committee. THE Select Committee of the House of Lords which has been appointed to deal with the copyright law promoted by the Society, and drafted for the Society by Mr. J. Rolt, of 4, New- square, sat for the first time on Thursday, July 1. As previously stated in The Author, the Bill is being brought forward on behalf of the Society by Lord Monkswell, who acted as chairman of the Lords' Committee. Mr. Daldy, who was a member of the com- mission of 1878, and who is secretary of the Copyright Association, was the first witness called. He gave evidence on the various points of the Bill, and answered the numerous questions put to him by their Lordships as to the effect of the Bill and its bearing with regard to change in the exist- ing law. The witness, in answer to their Lordships, touched on the point of the inclusion of transla- tion rights in a definition of copyright and its effect on the International law; on the question of the definition of " book" shall include " news- paper"; on the existing law with respect to lectures ; on the proposed amendment of that law; and generally on all the other points dealt with in the Bill. After the witness had given his evidence on the point relating to the definition "book shall include newspaper," the room was cleared, and on the re-admission of the public the chairman said that the committee had come to the conclusion that they would not include any alteration in the law with regard to the copyright in newspapers in the present Bill. Mr. Daldy was taken through various objec- tions, and suggested amendments, which objec- tions and amendments he had furnished to the secretary of the Society, who in turn had forwarded them to the chairman of the committee. Their Lordships listened with attention to his statements, and reserved the points for their con- sideration. At the conclusion of Mr. Daldy's evidence, Mr. C. J. Longman, representing the Publishers' Association, was called. His evidence was given in support of the Bill in all its important essen- tials. He did not touch on the points that had already been covered by the former witness except when it appeared to him that errors of law or fact had been put before their Lordships. His evidence was very strongly in favour of the fullest protection for the performance of dramatic works, whether such performance took place in a place of dramatic entertainment or in a private house. Although not supporting the suggestion in the Bill for registration at the British Museum, he stated that he looked forward to a time when registration should be made compulsory. Mr. G. H. Thring, the secretary of the Society, as representing the promoters of the Bill, was called last so as, if necessary, to supplement or correct the evidence already given, and to put before the Committee, should they desire, the views of the promoters of the Bill on any of the sepa- ## p. 60 (#474) ############################################# 6o THE AUTHOR. rate clauses. As most of the difficulties had already been explained (both of the former wit- nesses being mainly in favour of the Bill), there was very little to add, but the secretary pressed those points which appeared to be of the greatest benefit to authors, namely, the repeal of the 18th section of the existing Act and the adoption of the present clauses; the retention in the author of rights of dramaiisation of his novels, and the necessity for complete registration. The committee then adjourned to Thursday, July 8. On Thursday, July 8th, their Lordships' Special Committee again sat, Mr. Bram Stoker, Sir Henry Irving's manager, was called as being able to answer for the theatrical managers on the points relating to the drama and dramatic rights. He stated that the practice of dramatising novels was on the increase, and he thought it was absolutely essential both that the author of a book should be protected from dramatisation, and the author of a drama from novelisation. He submitted that dramatic authors should be able to prohibit performances in public or private. He desired to see a simplification if possible of the method of obtaining an injunction against the infringing parties, and stated that managers would prefer such simplified legal remedy rather than merely the power of obtaining penalties. He also touched on the subject of copyright in lectures. At the close of his evidence the room was ■cleared for the consideration of the Bill by their Lordships. The Bill has now been revised by the Special Committee, Lord Thring undertaking the redraft- ing of it on behalf of their Lordships' Special Committee. On Monday, July 19, Lord Monkswell on the motion to go into committee on the Bill made the following speech. The House then went into committee, and the amendments proposed by the Special Committee were agreed to. Lord Monkswell asked to be allowed to say a few words as to the proceedings of the Select Committee to which the Bill was referred. The benches opposite were represented by Lord Knutsford, Lord Pirbright, Lord Hatherton, and Lord Tennyson; while Lord Farrer, Lord Thring, and Lord Wei by represented that side. The committee sat several days, and went into the subject carefully. The first point which they devoted a great deal of attention to was that of translation. It was absolutely necessary to amend the law with regard to translations. It was now in a sad state of confusion. Trans- lation into foreign tongues were dealt with under the Berne Convention and under the International Copyright Act. But as to trans- lations into Hindustani, Welsh, Gaelic, and other tongues current within the British Dominions the law was in a doubtful state indeed. With regard to this he could not do better than quote from the evidence of Mr. Daldy, one of the Commis- sioners of 1878, and who was now, and had been for many years, honorary secretary of the Copy- right Association. Lord Monkswell then read the portion of the evidence bearing on this point, and then pro- ceeded :—It was certain, therefore, that the matter of translation ought to be dealt with as soon as possible, and the promoters of the Bill proposed to deal with it by giving, as was proposed in the original Bill, the absolute right during the whole period of the copyright to prevent unauthorised translations. An endeavour had been made to lighten the Bill so that it might be got through their Lordships' House this Session, and it dealt only with those subjects which were most press- ing and least contentious. All reference to news- paper copyright had been struck out. With regard to magazine copyright, it was proposed to make it retrospective, but as there was a diffe- rence of opinion as to that, the clause in the Bill making the copyright retrospective had been omitted. With regard to lectures the Bill had also been considerably lightened. The great point on which the committee wished to insist was that eojiyright should be given not only in lectures when published in a book, but when delivered, and that they had tried to effect by the Bill. It was further suggested in the original Bill that the law should be altered so as to give copyright, which did not now exist, to lectures delivered in endowed buildings. The Select Committee were on the whole favourable to that proposition, but, at the same time, they re- cognised that any alteration of the law to effect that must seriously affect very considerable inte- rests; and they thought it was not desirable, without taking a great deal of evidence and going into the matter very thoroughly, to recommend such an alteration in the law, consequently they had inserted in the amended Bill a proviso set- ting up again the provision that now existed— not allowing copyright to lectures in endowed buildings. For the present it had been decided not to propose any change in the law with regard to the difficult and thorny question of registration. Another alteration had been made which he thought would commend itself to their lordships. The principil Act of 1842 now applied to all British possessions, unless by Order in Council they should bo exempted either from the whole Act or part of it. It was proposed in the amended Bill to give the British posses- ## p. 61 (#475) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 61 sion8 much greater freedom of action by declar- ing that the Act, if it passed, should not run in any of the British possessions unless they them- selves asked either for the whole or part of it. The net result, therefore, of the labours of the Select Committee had been to greatly lighten the Bill, and to clear it of almost every subject of controversy, whilst at the same time it intro- duced a great many alterations of the law which were of considerable value. He might, perhaps, be allowed to say that the best thanks of the committee were due to Lord Thring for the great care and attention he had bestowed on the draft- ing of this measure. (Hear.) He found that two or three amendments would have to be made, which, however, did not touch the Bill in this respect. In order that noble lords might have an opportunity of considering the amendments he had put down, he proposed to take the report stage to-morrow, and the amendments on Thursday or Friday, when he hoped the House would give a third reading to the Bill. (Hear, hear.) He begged to move that the House now resolve itself into Committee on the Bill. On Friday, July 23, the Bill was read a third time. Lord Monkswell stated that at the wish of the Colonial Office he desired to move that Clause 12 be omitted. The omission was agreed to. II.—The New Copyright Bill. I. FBOM THE "TIMES." A gentleman engaged in a publishing business recently wrote to Lord Monkswell suggesting that it was desirable to take steps to protect the titles of series of books, and so to prevent the foisting upon the public of hasty imitations of deservedly popular volumes. "I have been," he said, "in correspondence both with the Stationers' Hall authorities and the Trade Mark Office of the Board of Trade; and recently I took occasion to have an interview with the respective chiefs of these offices. The Eegistrar of Trade Marks told me that, unquestionably, such titles fall outside the scope of the present Trade Mark Acts; but he seemed to see no objection whatever to the re- gistration of such titles, only he thought that such a matter would fall more fittingly within the province of Stationers' Hall. The chief man at Stationers' Hall said: (1) That my application was by no means the first of the sort, that, on the contrary, more people came to his office with similar requests than with any other; (2) that he thought that means for registering novel titles of businesses and series of books should be given to the public; (3) that he had noted with surprise that the new Copyright Bill which your lordship was introducing into the House of Lords contained no provision for this purpose; (4) that he thought it very possible that, if the matter were brought before your lordship, your lordship would see the desirability of making such an addition." Lord Monkswell's reply was as follows: "I will lay your statement before the Copyright Committee at its next meeting; but, as the amendments you suggest would enlarge the scope of the Bill, I do not think they will consider themselves justified in recommending them to the House." II. FBOM THE " DAILY NEWS." Lord Monkswell's Copyright Bill has been printed and circulated with the amendments made by the Select Committee of the House of Lords. These were accepted in committee of the whole House yesterday afternoon, and the Bill now stands for third reading. As it has not yet passed through the House of Commons, the chances of its becoming law this session must be regarded as remote. But it has now been brought into the best shape which legal minds can give it, and there may be some hope for it in 1898. Even this year, if some general agreement could be obtained, a judicious attempt to deal with a difficult subject might be crowned with success. Social reform is not achieved in England with reckless or thoughtless haste. The essence of this measure formed the subject of a Bill which the present Duke of Rutland, then Lord John Manners and Postmaster-General, introduced into the House of Commons in 1879. That was, if we are not mistaken, the year in which the late Sir John Holker moved the second reading of the Criminal Code Bill, which has never got beyond a second reading since. There are presentable, we do not say conclusive, arguments against the codification of the criminal law. But the law of copyright has been osten- sibly codified for more than half a century, and all that is now required may be accomplished by a short amending Bill. In 1878 there was a Royal Commission on Copyright, to which Lord John Manners' Bill was due, and thirteen years afterwards, in 1891, Lord Monkswell again endeavoured to legislate upon the Commission's Report. But there is none of "that slippery stuff," as Mr. Morley calls party capital, to be made out of copyright, and so copyright, like the Corporation of London, remains unreformed. In 1891 Lord Monkswell's Bill was read a second time. This year it has advanced a step further, and has gone through Committee. The first ## p. 62 (#476) ############################################# 62 THE AUTHOR. clause makes translation an infringement of copy- right. This is obviously just, if there is to be any copyright at all, whether the right has or has not been expressly reserved. A very important change is made in the copyright of magazines. In 1842, when the principal Copyright Act was passed, there were very few magazines, except the old quarterlies, with Blachicood's and the Gentle- man's. Now there are almost as many magazines in a month as there are days in a year, and a large number of the articles contributed to them have a really permanent value. At present the author of an article has a right of separate publication for eight-and-twenty years. Macaulay, for instance, could not without permission from the editor of the Edinburgh Review—which was, of course, given, but which might have been refused—have republished during his lifetime any of his essays except those on Milton, Machiavelb, and, perhaps, one or two more. The Bill provides that while the proprietor of the magazine shall have the sole right of pub- lishing the magazine itself, and the articles as part of it, the author of an article may publish it separately after three years. This is a great change, but a change wholly, in our opinion, for the better. Copyright is essentially the asser- tion of property. But whei-e a special kind of property, which did not exist at common law, is created by statute, Parliament should be careful to regulate it in the public interest. The interest of the public lies in the rapid diffusion of readable matter, and cannot be served by locking up interesting essays for a generation. Seven years before the Copyright Act of 1842 there was passed the Lectures Copyright Act of 1835. This Act gives a lecturer the exclusive right of publication. But it requires a preliminary notice to Justices of the Peace, which savours of the terror inspired by the French Revolution, when lectures were regarded much as dynamite w-as regarded a hun- dred years later. It is doubtful whether the Act applies to sermons, and there must, we should imagine, be very few magistrates who have been formally notified that a new volume of sermons was about to dazzle the world. The Bill abolishes this rather ridiculous formality, and gives the lecturer, as well as the preacher, an absolute copyright. But it allows a lecture to be reported in a newspaper unless the lecturer expressly states that he does not wish to be reported. There are not many lectures which would suffi- ciently attract the general reader to be reported at any great length, nor would many newspapers have space for them. But a paid lecturer, who delivers the same lecture, which may have cost him much labour and research, at several places, is entitled to protection against a form of publicity which would destroy his market. Suchr at least, is the view popular in the literary class, and the view to which Carlyle gave such forcible emphasis in his famous petition to the House of Commons. There is, of course, the theory, understood to find favour with at least one eminent statesman, that copyright is an infringe- of public right, and that authors should be com- pensated by a royalty. But that is not within the range of practical politics. One of Johnson's biographers narrates an argument upon a Scottish case, which went from the Court of Session to the House of Lords, and which raised the point of copyright at common law in lectures or sermons. Dr. Johnson declared that it was unjust to stereotype a man's doctrines and ideas, which he might afterwards see cause to alter. That motive had not previously restrained the sage from reporting Parliamentary debates in what he was pleased to call the "Senate of Liliput." Wot the least important clauses in the Bill are those which deal with abridgments. As Lord Monkswell says in the useful memorandum pre- fixed to the Bill: "It is now easy without any infringement of copyright, in a few weeks, by skilful abridgment, to appropriate the fruit of the labours of many years, and to compete with the original copyright bought and published at a very great expense." The art of judicious abridgment is not perhaps quite so common as Lord Monkswell supposes. But a farrago of extracts any fool can turn out, and they may be so copious or so vital as to prevent many readers from approaching the original work. Under this Bill copyright carries with it the right of abridgment as well as the right of transla- lation, and the author would be empowered to insist upon a disclaimer of his authorship being printed upon the title-page. There is no copy- right in ideas. That is to say, that an illegitimate reproduction of another man's work must be a. verbal one, or there is no remedy. Any one, therefore, is at liberty to make a play out of somebody else's novel, or a novel out of somebody else's play. The whole plot may in either case be stolen. But no penalty is imposed upon the thief. It is for this reason that novelists who intend afterwards to dramatise their own novels arrange for one colourable performance on the stage so- soon as the story appears, so as to bring them- selves under the protection of the Dramatic Copy- right Act. It is proposed to make a statutory copyright in ideas, and to make the unauthorised dramatisation of a novel an infringement of it. Such are the chief features of this excellent Bill. ## p. 63 (#477) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 63 III.—The Eight of Criticism. In the action brought by Sir John Carr in 1808 against Messrs. Hood and Sharpe, the exact words of Lord Ellenborough were as follows:— Every man who publishes a book commits himself to the judgment of the public, and anyone may comment upon his performance. Ridicule is often the fittest weapon that can be employed for such a purpose. Reflection on personal character is another thing. Show me an attack on the moral character of this plaintiff, or any attack upon his character unconnected with his authorship, and I shall be as ready as any judge who ever sat here to protect him; but I cannot hear of malice on acconnt of turning his works into ridicule. In the more recent case of Merivale v. Carson (20 Q. B. Div. at pp. 280-1), Lord Esher, M.E., said, carrying the doctrine, if possible, even further:— Every latitude must be given to opinion and to prejudice, and then an ordinary set of men with ordinary judgment must say whether any fair man would have made such a comment. . . . Mere exaggeration, or even gross exag- geration, would not make the comment unfair. However wrong the opinion expressed may be in point of truth, or however prejudiced the writer, it may still be within the prescribed limit. The question which the jury must con- sider is this. Would any fair man, however prejudiced he may be, however exaggerated or obstinate his views, have said that which this criticism has said of the work which is criticised? IV.—University op Cam bridge v. Blacxie and Sons. (Before Mr. Justice Kekewich.) In this ease the plaintiffs as proprietors of the "Pitt Press" brought this action and now moved the court for an injunction in respect of an alleged infringement of their copyright in annotated editions of Pope's "Essay on Criticism" and Milton's " Lycidas," "Allegro," and "II Pense- roso." Copyright was, of course, claimed solely in respect of the annotations. Mr. Millar, Q.C., and Mr. Ingpen appeared for the plaintiffs, and Mr. Stokes for the defen- dants. It was now arranged that on the defendants undertaking to keep an account of all books sold by them, and to file affidavits and deliver copies of exhibits within the first seven days of October, the motion should stand over until the second motion day in Michaelmas sittings; and Mr. Justice Kekewich made an order to that effect.— Times, July 23. VOL. Till. COPYRIGHT (AMENDMENT) BILL. [H. L] [As Amended by the Select Committee.] MEMORANDUM. THIS Bill is intended to amend some of the most serious defects in the present law of copyright. Its provisions do not mate- rially differ from the provisions on the same points contained in the Bill introduced by Lord John Manners (on behalf of the then Govern- ment) in the House of Commons in 1879, and in the Bill introduced by Lord Monkswell in the House of Lords in 1891. Both these Bills were mainly founded on the report of the Royal Com- mission on Copyright of 1878. Lord Monkswell's Bill passed a second reading in the House of Lords. The amendments are directed to the following points :— I.—Translations. Translation is made an infringement of copy- right. II.—Magazine Copyright. Since the passing of the Copyright Act, 1842, this kind of copyright property has probably increased a hundredfold in value and importance, both to authors and publishers, much literature of high merit being constantly published in the first instance in magazine form. The 18th section of the Act of 1842, which deals with the subject, is expressed in language so obscure as to be almost unintelligible, and defers the author's right of separate publication to the end of a period of twenty-eight years. It is proposed that that section should be repealed, and that the copyright should be vested in the author, subject to the following qualifications :— (1.) The proprietor of the magazine to have the sole right of publishing as part of the magazine. (2.) The author not to publish separately until after the expiration of three years from publication. The entire copyright in encyclopaedias is vested in the publisher as before, but in a separate section. III.—Lectures. The Lectures Copyright Act, 1835, gives to the lecturer the exclusive right of publication, but requires a preliminary notice to justices of the peace, and probably does not apply to sermons. It is proposed to repeal this Act, and to give the lecturer (including the preacher) copyright with- out any useless formalities, but permitting a newspaper report unless expressly prohibited by the lecturer. It will be observed that a proviso has been inserted maintaining the present law as G ## p. 64 (#478) ############################################# 64 THE AUTHOR. to lectures in endowed buildings, &c. The com- mittee have taken this course because they did not think it desirable to alter the law without taking more evidence than time permitted. IV.—Abridgments. It is now easy, without any infringement of copyright, in a few weeks, by skilful abridgment, to appropriate the fruit of the labours of many years, and to compete with the original copyright, bought and published at very great expense. This will be prevented by the" simple enactment that copyright shall carry with it the right to abridge. The reputation of the author is also safeguarded by a provision that a disclaimer of his author- ship of the abridgment shall, if required by the author, be printed on the title page ; and that the abridgment shall not be issued without the author's consent in eases where the author retains an interest in the sale (by royalties or otherwise) though not in the copyright. V.—Dramatisation of Novels. As there is no copyright in ideas, it is easy for any person to take the whole plot of a novel and practically reproduce the novel itself in dramatic form without any legal infringement of copyright, and a similar injury can be inflicted by the novelisation of dramas. It is proposed to convert these moral into legal infringements of copyright. Owners of dramatic copyright are also given a summary remedy against infringement which is much needed, as pirates are often difficult to detect, or are not worth the expense of an action in the High Court when detected ; and the remedy is to be available against those who •■ permit" as well as those who " cause " the representation. AEEANGEMENT OF CLAUSES. Translations. Clause. 1. Translations and infringement of copy- right. Copyright in translations. Copyright in Periodical Works. 2. Copyright in articles in periodical works. 3. Registration of article by author. 4. Registration by owner of periodical work. 5. Articles in encyclopaedias. Copyright in Lectures. 6. Lectures. Abridgments. 7. Abridgments without consent prohibited. Copyright owner not to abridge without author's consent in certain cases. Notice on title page that abridgment is not by author. Dramatisation. 8. Dramatisation of novels prohibited. 9. Conversion or adaptation of dramatic works prohibited. Summary Remedy for Infringement of Dramatic Copyright. 10. Liability to fine of person representing drama without consent of owner of per- forming right. Repeal. 11. Repeal. 12. Application of Act. 13. Short title. 14. Commencement of Act. Schedules. A Bill (as amended by the Select • Committee) intituled an Act to amend the Law relating to Copyright in Periodical Works, Lectures, Abridgments, and otherwise. — [The Lord Monkswell.] Be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:— Translations. 1. —(1.) In the case of a book, it shall be an infringement of the copyright therein if any person shall, without the consent of the owner of the copyright, translate the book: (2.) The author of an authorised translation of a book shall be entitled to copyright therein in the same manner as if it was an original work. Copyright in Periodical Works. 2. Where any article, essay, poem, or other work is first published in and forms part of a review, magazine, or other periodical, the copy- right in such article, essay, poem, or other work shall, in the absence of any agreement in writing to the contrary, be the property of the author thereof. Provided that where the author is paid for the writing of such work as aforesaid by or on behalf of the owner of the review, magazine, or other periodical, then— (i.) the owner of the review, magazine, or periodical shall, during the subsistence of copyright in such article, essay, poem, or other work, have the sole right of publishing the same as part of the review, magazine, or periodical, but not otherwise; (ii.) neither the author nor his assigns shall, without the consent of the owner of the review, magazine, or periodical, print or ## p. 65 (#479) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 65 publish such article, essay, poem, or other work in any form until after the expiration of three years from its first publication in the review, magazine, or periodical, and any printing or publication contrary to this pro- vision shall be an infringement of the rights of the owner of the review, magazine, or periodical. 3. The author of any such article, essay, poem, or other work as aforesaid, or his assigns, may either before or after the expiration of the said term of three years register the same at Stationers' Hall as a separate work, and shall thereupon be entitled to restrain and obtain damages for any infringement of the copyright therein as a separate work. 4. —(i.) The owner of a review, magazine, or other periodical may register the same at Stationers' Hall, and shall thereupon be entitled to restrain and obtain damages for any infringe- ment of his rights in the same or any part thereof. (ii.) Registration of a review, magazine, or other periodical shall be in the form set forth in the First Schedule hereto, or as near thereto as circumstances will permit. (iii.) It shall be necessary to register only the first number, volume, or part of a review, magazine, or other periodical published in numbers, volumes, or parts. 5. Where any article, essay, poem, or other work is first published in and forms part of an encyclopaedia or similar collective work, and the author is paid for the writing thereof by or on behalf of the owner of the encyclopaedia or similar collective work, the copyright in such article, essay, poem, or other work shall, in the absence of any agreement in writing to the contrary, belong to the owner of the encyclopaedia or similar collec- tive work. Copyright in Lectures. 6. The author of any lecture shall be entitled to copyright therein as if the same were a book, subject to the following modifications and additions:— (i.) The first delivery of a lecture shall be deemed to be the first publication thereof. (ii.) So long as a lecture has not been published as a book by or with the consent of the author, the copyright therein shall include the exclusive right of delivering the same in public, but when so published the copyright in the book shall date from the first delivery of the lecture. (iii.) It shall not be necessary to register the copyright in a lecture which has not been published as a book by or with the consent of the author. VOL. Till. (iv.) A report of a lecture delivered in public, in the ordinary current edition of a newspaper after the delivery of such lecture, shall not be deemed an infringement of the copy- right unless the author before delivering the same gives public notice that he prohibits the same being reported, but no such report shall be deemed to be a publication of the lecture within the meaning of sub-sect, (ii.) (v.) The notice referred to in the last preceding clause may be given either by affixing the same to the door of the place where the lecture is delivered, or by advertisement in one or more newspapers published and circu- lating in the district, or by a declaration made by the lecturer before the delivery of his lecture at the place where he delivers the same. (vi.) The term "lecture" shall include a piece for recitation, address, or sermon. (vii.) Provided that this enactment shall not extend to any lectures delivered in any uni-. versity or public school or college or on any public foundation, or by any individual in virtue of or according to any gift, endowment or foundation [5 & 6 Will 4, c. 65, s. 5.] Abridgments. 7.—(i.) It shall be an infringement of the copyright in a book if any person shall, without the consent of the owner of the copyright, print or otherwise multiply, or cause to ba printed or otherwise multiplied, any abridgment of such book, or shall export or import any abridgment so unlawfully produced, or shall sell, publish, or expose for sale or hire, or cause to be sold, pub- lished, or exposed for sale or hire, any abridg- ment, knowing, or having reasonable grounds to suspect, that the same has been so unlawfully produced or imported. (ii.) Where the author of a book has sold the copyright thereof in consideration (whether wholly or in part) of a royalty or a share of the profits to be derived from the publication thereof, or is otherwise, notwithstanding such sale, possessed of a pecuniary interest therein, such book shall not, during the continuance of the copyright therein, and so long as the author shall be entitled to such royalty, share of profits, or shall be so interested as aforesaid, be abridged by the purchaser of such copyright without the consent in writing of tht author or his assigns. (iii.) Where the author has sold the exclusive right of publication of a book without assigning the copyright, he shall not be at liberty to publish an abridgment of the work without the consent of the owner of the exclusive right of publication. (iv.) If the owner of the copyright in a book o 2 ## p. 66 (#480) ############################################# 66 THE AUTHOR. to the abridgment whereof the author's consent is not required under the preceding proviso intends to publish an abridgment thereof made by some person other than the author of the original book, he shall give notice of such inten- tion to the author, if living, by registered letter, directed to his last known address, and shall, if so required by such author, either state or cause to be stated on the title page of each part or volume of the abridgment that the abridgment is not by the author of the original book, or shall in like manner state or cause to be stated the name of the maker of the abridgment. (v.) The author of a book shall be entitled to restrain and obtain damages for any abridgment published in contravention of the above provisions of the section. Dramatisation. 8. In the case of a book which is a work of fiction in prose or in verse, it shall be an infringe- ment of the copyright therein if any person shall without the consent of the owner of the copyright, take or colourably imitate the title of such book, or take from such book any material or substan- tial part thereof, and use or convert it into or adapt it for a dramatic work, or knowing or having reasonable grounds to suspect such dramatic work to have been so made shall perform or permit or cause the same to be performed. 9. In the case of a dramatic work it shall be an infringement of the copyright therein if any person shall, without the consent of the owner of the copyright, take or colourably imitate the title of such book, or take from such book any material or substantial part thereof and convert or adapt such part into any other form of work, whether dramatic or otherwise, or knowing or having reasonable grounds to suspect any work to have been so made shall print or otherwise multiply, or cause to be printed or otherwise multiplied, copies thereof for sale or exportation, or shall export or import, or sell, publish, or expose for sale or hire, or cause to be sold, published, or exposed for sale or hire, any copies thereof, or shall perform such work, or permit or cause the same to be per- formed. Summary Remedy for Infringement of Dramatic Copyright. 10. If any person shall represent or cause or permit any dramatic work to be represented without the consent in writing of the owner of the performing right in such work, it shall be lawful for the owner of the performing right (without prejudice to any action for damages or other remedy he may be entitled to) to apply within two months after the commission of the offence to a court of summary jurisdiction having jurisdiction in the place where the representation has taken place, or where the offender dwells, and such court shall, on production of the certificate of registration, order the offender to pay as a civil debt a sum not exceeding fifty pounds and costs, and such sum shall go to the owner of the per- forming right by way of compensation. Provided that not more than one penalty shall be recovered in respect of each representation. Repeal. 11. The Acts or parts of Acts specified in the Second Schedule hereto are hereby repealed as from the passing of this Act, but except as hereinbefore expressly provided, such repeal shall not prejudice or affect any rights acquired previously to such repeal, and such rights may be enforced and enjoyed as if such repeal had not been made. Extent of Act. 12. —(i.) This Act shall extend only to the British Islands, but if Her Majesty the Queen is satisfied that the Legislature of any British possession has by resolution declared its assent to this Act or any part thereof being extended to such possession, Her Majesty may direct by Order in Council that this Act or such part thereof shall apply to such possession, and this Act or such part shall apply accordingly. (ii.) Any such Order in Council may, with such assent as aforesaid, from time to time, be revoked or altered by any further Order in Council. (iii.) Every such Order in Council shall, as soon as may be after the making thereof, be published in the London Gazette. (iv.) A copy of every such Order in Council shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament within six weeks after the issuing thereof if Parliament is then sitting, and if not, then within six weeks after the commencement of the next session of Parliament. (v.) No such Order in Council shall affect prejudicially any right acquired at the date of its coming into operation. 13. This Act may be cited as the Copyright (Amendment) Act, 1897, and shall, except so far as is inconsistent with this Act, be read and construed with the Copyright Acts. 14. This Act shall come into operation on the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight. ## p. 67 (#481) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 67 SCHEDULES. First Schedule. Form of Entry of a Periodical Work. Date of Publica- tion of first Volume, Part, or Number. Name and Address of Owner. Name and Address of Publisher. Title of Work. Second Schedule. Ads Repealed. Session and Chapter. Short Title. Extent of Repeal. 5 & 6 Will. 4 0. 65. 5 4 6 Vict. c. 45. Lectures Copyright The whole Act. Act, 1835. Copyright Act, 1842 Sections eighteeen and nineteen. CIVIL LIST PENSIONS. APAELIAMENTARY return which has just been issued gives the following list of all pensions granted during the year ended June 20, 1897, and charged upon the Civil List:— Mary Anne, Lady Broome, <£ioo, in considera- tion of the public services of ber late husband, Sir F. N. Broome, K.C.M.G., especially as Governor of Western Australia, and of her own literary merits. Mr. William Alexander Hunter, £200, in con- sideration of his labours in connection with Roman law and scientific jurisprudence. Dr. John Thomas Arlidge, .£150, in considera- tion of his valuable labours in the cause of public health, and especially his investigation into the hygienic results of particular industries and occupations. Miss Beatrice Hatch, .£30, Miss Ethel Hatch, JB30, Miss Evelyn Hatch, ,£30, in consideration of the services of their father, the late Rev. Edwin Hatch, in connection with ecclesiastical history. Amelia, Lady Thurston, £150, in recognition of the distinguished services of her husband, the late Sir John Bates Thurston, as Governor of Fiji and High Commissioner for the Western Pacific. Mrs. Elizabeth Dickens, £100, in consideration of the literary eminence of the late Mr. Charles Dickens, and of the straitened circumstances in which she has been left by the death of her husband, Mr. Charles Dickens, jun. Mrs. Rose Trollope, £100, in consideration of the distinguished literary merits of her husband, the late Mr. Anthony Trollope, and of her straitened circumstances. Miss May Martha Mason, £30. Mrs. Mary Caroline Florence Wood, £30, in recognition of the originality and merit of the work of their father, the late Mr. George Mason, in painting. Mr. Augustus Henry Keane, F.R.G.S., £50, in consideration of his labours in the field of ethnology. Dr. Francis Steingass, £50, in consideration of his services to Oriental scholarship in England. Mrs. Maria Garrett, £50, in recognition of the merits of her husband, the late Dr. George Garrett, as a composer of church music. Mrs. Jane Wallace, £50, in recognition of the philosophical labours of her husband, the late Whyte's professor of moral philosophy in the University of Oxford. Mr. Archibald Hamilton Bryce, D.C.L., £50, in recognition of his services in the cause of secon- dary education in Scotland. The total is £ 1200. NOTES AND NEWS. TINHERE is an article in the current number I of the Quarterly Review entitled "Ou Commencing Author," which purports to be based on this journal and its contents for the last seven years. The paper is in many respects, as I shall show immediately, quite satisfactory and even sympathetic. The writer begins with recognising the right of the author to a full understanding at least of what is meant by the estate which his publisher administers: therefore, of course, his further right to understand what the publisher makes by his administration. As to the sympathetic side, we will return to that immediately. Let us first take the points to which I must take exception. It has been our contention in this paper, over and over again, that the literary and the com- mercial side of literature are totally distinct. The poet at work, if he allows any other con- sideration to enter his brain — any touch of commercialism—must infallibly mar that work. In every art, the artist must be absorbed while he is at work. The work done, he may be as commercial as he pleases. That is the just and obvious deduction. But this writer cannot understand such a distinction. His view is that an artist, when his work is finished, must not, without detriment to that work, pay any atten- ## p. 68 (#482) ############################################# 68 THE AUTHOR. tion to its commercial value. He says, "To such men"—i.e., men who, when their work is finished, do consider its literary value—" there comes a literary half and a commercial half." Just so. Why not ?" Where the commercial half arrives at being real, there is some danger that it will drive out the literary half." No : because the two have nothing to do with each other. If the writer means that there is danger that the artist may have his brain filled with commercialism while he is at work, one can only reply that he must be a very mean and miserable artist. Apply the same kind of conventional talk to painting. All great painters receive large sums of money for their work. No one in his senses has ever re- proached them with doing so: no one has ever asserted that they have ruined their art as their price went up. In the name of common sense, then, why cannot literary men be treated as on the same footing as painters? There is, again, another distinction between the literary and the commercial side of literature which must not be forgotten. It by no means follows that a writer of the highest kind will become popular, while a person of tenth-rate merit may command the shillings of millions. This consideration alone should show the futility of the common talk about commercialism. My position is this: If an author chooses to give his property to a publisher, let him. If he chooses to keep his property for himself, or to administrate it for himself, or to let its administration out at a rent or royalty, or to sell it, there is no danger whatever that the same care of his commercial interests will damage that completed tcork any more than the same care icill damage a painting. There is, perhaps, the danger that he may scamp the next poem, and that commercialism may "infect it." Surely, however, something must be allowed to the artistic sense which governs and controls artistic production. Again, the writer says: "In some of our lesser men, it is conceivable that a journeyman's credit- able faculty of going straight on, and of produc- ing yet another book, and yet another book, will survive." Here we seem to discern the bogey of "inspiration." The writer plainly understands, I have no doubt, that the painter must go on paint- ing because he is a painter; yet he cannot see that the poet, the story-teller, the dramatist—where are we to stop ?—the critic, the essayist—everyone who writes because he is to the manner born, must go on—must go on writing till he dies. Lo boa Diea me dit, " Chante, Chante, paavre petit." The writer quote3 these lines—full of tears as well as of consolation—yet cannot understand that they contradict flatly what he has just advanced about the dangers of " going on." He finds fault with The Author for hoping- that copyright may be so enlarged as to enable a successful and popular writer to found a family. Says that it is an ignoble wish. Why does he think so? Because he confuses the literary and the artistic value of a book. He says, he who could act " on a pill-vendor's conditions, namely, that he keep his private property for ever, must receive only as a pill-vendor.'' This is nonsense. One might as well say that the Marquis of Salisbury if he receives his rents and keeps- his property does so as a pill vendor. But this kind of rubbish will continue to be talked so long as literary value and literary property are mixed. The Reviewer speaks of a certain writer who would abolish criticism. I wonder who that writer is. The position taken up by The Author has always been (i) that criticism should be a distinction—that is to say, that a paper should, as some papers do, select books for careful criti- cism by competent persons; (2) that the system of "reviewing" books in a batch is injurious to literature because it does not give importance to important books, because " notice " is not criticism, and because it is impossible for the writer, with the best intentions, to read the books he notices, and that the system is injurious to the paper because it ruins the literary character of that paper; (3) that to notice harmless weak productions is useless, because such a notice does not educate the writer nor does it help the pubbc, which, whatever its faults, does not buy or read we.ak books; (4) that the space in the paper taken up by little notices written without reading the books would be much better bestowed upon an important notice; (5) that the present depressed condition of criticism is due mainly to the system of the little notices, which simply will not allow their writers to read the books; and, lastly, that the public never read, and pay no heed, to these little notices. This is the position taken up in these columns on the subject of reviewing. It will be seen that this is very, very far from wishing to abolish criticism. The Reviewer is also very angry with some uuknown persons who, it seems, object to literary men advising publishers. Who, again, are these people? The position of adviser to publishers is one of the greatest responsibility and importance. Most men of letters have at various times done ## p. 69 (#483) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 69 such work: some, occasionally: some by engage- ment and on salary. It seems to me quite unnecessary to defend the work, and I do not know who has attacked it. Personally, I have myself done such work, and I see no reason at all to be ashamed of it. Nor do I think it necessary in these columns to do more than enter a protest against the implied accusation that The Author, the only publication standing at the head of the article, finds any fault with any literary man or woman who advises for pay a publishing house. He says that in demanding inspection of docu- ments I myself have done a " grea,t service" and have been right, "however injudiciously" I may be held to have done it. My methods—or rather the methods of the Committee—have always been perfectly simple. There has been throughout a steady determination to get at the facts and the figures and to publish them; to pour a flood of light on facts strenuously concealed. There has been no other method, and that method will be continued. _ In many points: on the necessity for main- taining the responsibility and the honour of authorship: on the differences which mark men of genius: on the writer as teacher: and so forth, one has nothing but gratitude to this Reviewer, because it is good that such things should be said. But the whole paper is tainted and spoiled by this inability to distinguish literary value from commercial value: so that the writer, while he is fain to acknowledge the genius of Scott and Dickens, must needs try to explain away or to lament the fact that they were good at business. Nearly all popular writers have thought very much of the separate commercial side: Scott: Dickens: Trol- lope: George Eliot: Macaulay: Byron: every- body. At the same time one must certainly not obtrude the subject. As our writer says: "If the public once hears too much about profits—it has not bothered itself yet about the matter—but if it should?" In The Author the question of profits is a question of principle: there is no mention of any single writer's returns: or of what he obtained from any book: and there never will be any. It is the trade organ of literary men and women generally: its object is to give such facts and figures as illustrate principles. But the writer is quite wrong about the matter. The public has heard about these profits: it hears often : not from us, but from other papers, what this and that writer is receiving. Again, the Beviewer protests against the use of the phrase " thousand words," " so many thousand words:" "so much for so many thousand words." Now this is not the phrase of the author, but of the editor. He wants an article of a certain length, and no longer: it is to fill a definite space in his magazine: he may say, if he likes, so many pages: or he may say so many thousand words. What on earth does it matter? Or the author, in that commercial spirit which the reviewer confuses with the artistic spirit, may say, "Here is my work. It occupies so many pages," or "Here is my work. It occupies so many thousand words." Will anybody in his senses contend that there is any difference? It is a fctfon de parler. I am myself, for instance, under agreement to hand in, by a certain time, a certain story to a certain editor. My editor tells me, " I want a story of 8o,coo words." He means that it is to occupy a certain number of months in his serial. Whether it is 70,000 words, or 80,000 words, or 90,000 words he will not mind, nor will he count. But he means that I am not to take lip the old space, and that he will not fill up his pages with the old-fashioned three-volume novel. He must assign a limit: he must say how much space he can give. Whether he says words or pages, I repea", what does it matter? In a word, this Reviewer means well: he sees that we are absolutely in the right, and he says so: but because he confuses literary and commercial value he has got hopelessly muddled ; while in such little matters, as one or two which I have quoted, he is wrong simply because he does not know the practice. There are one or two remarks which I should like to quote: There is this special feature in the writing business, that it is entirely volunteered. Some few years ago writers awoke to the belief that they had not received a fair share in the net profit of their wares. More particularly they desired to make a declara- tion of their right to know the amount of expense incurred in the publication of their volumes. In this they have nothing bnt our sympathies, and part of their work is yet to do. What are the more prevalent motives which set genuine men of letters to work? We fear that the first motive we assign will appear to many most honourable men of the day l; perilously near to cant." Yet, upon omviction, we cannot but put it in the forefront of the battle. We speak of a mission, a vocation, a priestly office; a priestly office assuredly in a wider natural church. And this office no man lightly takes upon himself. The real men are never likely to take it upon themselves lightly, for they slide into it involuntarily and unconsciously. And they slide into it too with a good deal of that suffering, whioh, in the genuine man of letters, seems inevitable. Business men who have selected as their path to fortune the financial side of books, are, from one commercial point of view at least, exceptionally lucky. They are hardehells who have to deal with softshelU. It is not to be wondered at that the softshells have not been conspicuous for getting ## p. 70 (#484) ############################################# 7° THE AUTHOR. the best of it. Many a publisher might say perhaps, as Robert Clive said in the gold vaults of the Indian city, " By heaven ! I am surprised at my own moderation!" A man oan only be an author in so far as he is a man who has perceived, or known, or done real things, and possesses the gift and feels the duty of speaking about them. A woman and an author must be either something above the average robust male or something below him. The following information is here published as a warning to typewriters: "Some time ago a friend lent me a small but interesting pamphlet, and as it is out of print I was allowed to have a typewritten copy made of it. The friend recommended as type- writer a young lady, orphan daughter of a clergy- man, recently deceased, who courageously sup- ported herself by typewriting, She copied the pamphlet for me very nicely, and when I paid her bill she said she wished to get regular work from authors, so I advised her to advertise in The Author, which she has done every month since January, 1897. She now writes to say that some one, whose name she does not mention, has written to ask her terms, but says his MS. is so precious that she must pay him a guinea as caution money before he sends her the MS. She naturally declines to have anything to do with a person of this sort." I would only add to the above that the object of the demand is made obvious by the fact that when a manuscript, which is very rare, is precious, it is probably worth many hundred guineas. Asking a guinea as caution money for a manuscript which the writer declares to be "precious," is too thin to deceive anybody. I shall be much obliged if papers generally will be so good as to copy this warning in the interests of typewriters, who have not, probably, too much experience of the world. The Civil List, which is published in another column, is the very best list that has ever ap- peared since its commencement. There are sixteen recipients of pensions. Among them, eleven are widows and daughters. One observes that these pensions are granted more and more to widows and daughters instead of the workers themselves. The change will be accepted by everybody with satisfaction. One observes, also, that it is not yet possible to obtain a list completely in accord with the famous resolution of 1837. That resolution undoubtedly gave power to place in this list persons who had claims upon the Sovereign. Thus, the Queen's tutors and teachers were placed upon the list by authority of that clause. Yet the list was then, and has always been, intended for persons distinguished or connected with literature, science, and art. There are two ladies in this list who are widows of Colonial Governors. One of these, Lady Broome, better known as Lady Jackson, is herself a writer of some distinction; the other, Lady Thurston, is simply the widow of a Colonial Governor. As such, her pension has no place on this list. The power of foisting all kinds of people into this meagre provision for literature, science, and art could be removed by passing another resolution omitting the clause referred to. I observed in a certain paper a question meant to be " smart." "Is it," the writer asked, " the wickedness of the publisher which causes the names of Dickens and Trollope to appear in this list?" It is not in these pages that private affairs will be discussed. The late Charles Dickens, jun., however, was not a writer, except of one or two guide books. He was a printer. Perhaps publishers showed their "wickedness" by not paying his accounts. As for the name of Trollope, it was stated at the time of Anthony Trollope's death that he was possessed of a large sum saved from the proceeds of his novels. Publishers have hardly been so "wicked " as to take that money from his family. But what silly nonsense it is to ask such a question! I have received from a correspondent a collec- tion of extracts from letters received from various publishers, which inform him that they cannot undertake the responsibility of publishing his manuscript. The letters are very curious and instructive. Various reasons were assigned, all of which were different, but all contained one cardinal fact in which they were agreed: that the work was too long. One firm frankly admitted that what they wanted was a manuscript of about 60,000 words. What may be gathered from all these letters is, in fact, that some publishers are becoming increasingly anxious to bring out books at 6*. which contain the minimum leugth for which the long suffering public will pay 4s. 6d. In these columns mention has already been made of a little book, containing about 24,000 words, and taking very little more than an hour to read, and costing 4.S'. 6d. cash. To what lengths is this practice going to be carried? A certain result will be that before long the advertised price of 6*. and the real price of 4«. 6d. will fall into contempt, and the public will refuse to pay more than a shilling for a little book which can be read in one hour. It is true there may be cases in which the ## p. 71 (#485) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. author's name is great enough to carry off a high price for a short story, but these cases must always be very rare. It seems that it should always be the duty of novelists to provide the public with work which, in length, at least, will give them some fair return for the cost of the book. Let us turn to lighter themes. The following appeared in the Times, July 24, in the form of a letter from Mr. Walter Wren. He kindly gives me permission to reproduce it here. Mr. Wren is well known as a profound student of Dickens. The origin of Do-the-boys Hall seems settled by this discovery beyond the reach of reasonable doubt. One pities the unfortunate Mr. Simpson, of Easby, near Richmond, York- shire: "In your article of June 12, on the coronation number of the Times, telling your readers that they would be presented gratis with a reproduc- tion in facsimile of the Times of Friday, June 29, 1838, you call attention to these two advertise- ments as containing a hint of some of the abuses which Dickens (whose 'Oliver Twist' is here an- nounced as appearing in Bentley's Miscellany) was already setting himself to scourge. 'These are of schools—one in Yorkshire—at which youths are boarded and instructed according to age, including clothes, books, and other neces- saries. No extras and no vacations.' "I respectfully submit that you might have put this more strongly, and that these must be the originals from which Dickens made up Mr. Squeers's card. 'Nicholas Nickleby' was published in 1839. It seems to me clear that Mr. Squeers's card was based on them. It will be found on page 20 of the original edition. Please print all three. '" Education.—At Winton Hall, near Kirby Stephen, in Westmoreland, young gentlemen are boarded, clothed, provided with books, and edu- cated, by Mr. Twycross, in whatever their future prospects may require, at £20 per annum. There are no extras nor vacations. Prospectuses and references may be had at Peele's Coffee-house, Fleet-street, where Mr. T. attends daily, between 12 and 2 o'clock.' "' Education.—At Mr. Simpson's Academy, Easby, near Richmond, Yorkshire, youth are boarded, and instructed by Mr. S. and proper assistants in whatever their future prospects may require, at twenty and twenty-three guineas a year, according to age, including clothes, books, and other necessaries. No extras and no vaca- tions. Cards with references to be had from Mr. S., who attends from 12 to 2 o'clock daily at VOL VIII. the Saracen's Head, Snow-hill. Conveyance by steam vessel weekly.' '" Education.—At Mr. Wackford Squeers's Academy, Dotheboys-hall, at the delightful village of Dotheboys, near Greta-bridge, in Yorkshire, youth are boarded, clothed, booked, furnished with pocket money, provided with all necessaries, instructed in all languages living and dead, mathematics, orthography, geometry, astronomy, trigonometry, the use of the globes, algebra, single stick (if required), writing, arithmetic, fortification, and every branch of classical litera- ture. Terms twenty guineas per annum. No extras, no vacations, and diet unparalleled. Mr. Squeers is in town, and attends daily, from one to four, at the Saracen's Head, Snow-hill.' "Dickons added to the advertisements in your issue of 1838. But the leading principles are in all three—viz., ,£20 a year for clothes, books, and education; no extras, no vacations; and both Mr. Simpson and Mr. Squeers, the two Yorkshire schoolmasters, 'attended daily at the Saracen's Head.'" Mr. Howard Collins projxises to take up and continue the subject of the subjunctive mood in the October number of The Author if possible. He is consulting.as many men of letters as he can reach as to their opinion of his j>osition. Walter Besant. THE PROPOSED NET SYSTEM. ACOMMITTEE has been appointed by the Society for the investigation of the whole subject. It would be injudicious therefore to express any opinion until that committee has given in its report. There has already appeared a sheaf of papers and articles dealing with the proposal. It is well known that among the book- sellers—the persons most concerned—there is con- siderable difference of opinion. Perhaps it would be well, before their views are ascertained, and before the committee completes its labours, that there should be a general silence. On the produc- tion of the report, no doubt, the floods will be let loose. The bare facts of the case seem fairly stated in a brief article which appeared in the Pall Mall Gazette of July 13. There is one word, however, which should be altered. It is there said that the publishers "intend to boycott discount booksellers." They do not intend: they propose —a very different thing. One Book, One Price. Shall we buy a book at gd. or is.? The outside public say, unhesitatingly, gd.; the booksellers H ## p. 72 (#486) ############################################# 72 THE AUTHOR. say, unhesitatingly, i«. Both natural enough, when you come to look at it. The advantages of selling at is. and buying at gd. are so obvious that there is no need to go further into them. But the most casual observer who remarks the prices on the bookstalls and compares them with the rumours that reach us from the traHe cannot help seeing that a Battle of the Books is only a question of time. Here and there we find six- penny magazines sold at 4.|«?., and books pub- lished at 6*. going at 4*. 6d. The thing seems simple enough. Can a retail bookseller sell at what price he likes r He gets his books at a discount of 25 per cent., or some- thing more than that; has he a free hand after that? With the vague idea we all have of the principles of law, we declare offhand that any- thing else would be interfering with the liberty of the subject. The question is nothing new. It has been gone into years ago. The only novelty now is that the booksellers have got an associa- tion, and have the powers of a trade union. They are the only people who object to the discount. The publishers do not. The authors do not. If an author is getting a royalty on the published price it is nothing to him how the book is sold. In any case the lower rate is probably to his advantage, for it increases the sale of his work. The same thing would apply to the publisher. In fact, the opinions of all the great writers of the day were taken on the subject, and were published in Sir W. Besant's paper, The Author. Speaking from memory, we recollect they were practically unanimous and decided in saying the retail price was the bookseller's affair. The price at which the wholesale bookseller buys from the publisher is quite another matter. It is allowed that to break this is to ruin the book for regular trade. Against all this the fact remains that most of the big publishers intend to boycott the discount booksellers. Taking it logically, the publishers are really the employes, and are going on strike. To the average onlooker it would seem to lje just a case in which a strike would not succeed. The discount man can get his books indirectly if he likes; and he can appeal to the public to support him. The reduction of yl. in the shilling is an argument which touches the British public in its tenderest point. It is the argument which he has always made till now whenever the difficulty has come up; and in these days of libraries the British public wants every possible encourage- ment in buying books. However, publishers are not ignorant of the world, nor are they, by any means, incapable men of business. Obviously, the new Book- sellers' Association have found their power, and can put pressure on the publisher which he is- unable to resist. But the fight has hardly yet begun. The publication of a book appears a simple thing at first sight. When you come to look into it, or, worse still, have anything to do with it, it is a problem which runs close South African politics or the Irish question itself.—Pall Mall Gazette, July 13. A WARNING- TO AUTHORS-AND OTHERS. ITHINK the following story may interest some readers of The Author, if only as a curious instance of human effrontery. It may, however, act as a warning against a certain class of "literary agents." About a year ago Madame X., a French lady, wished to have some short articles and stories, which she had written in English, corrected for the press, and inserted an advertisement in a local London paper. It brought several replies, and among them one from a gentleman whom I will call Mr. A. He stated that he was "late editor of the Readers' Gazette" (I give a fictitious title), and named several persons as his referees; among them, a well-known publishing firm, "for literary publications "; and for " scholastic pub- lications " a certain "Jones, Manchester." in a foot-note he also named a gentleman, very well known in the scholastic world, as able to speak to his literary qualifications. I will call him "Mr. N." Mine. X. was delighted. She fancied that fortune had directed her to a literary man, and she hastened to communicate with A. He called upon her, and in conversation told her he held an official post in the Civil Service. It was agreed that he should undertake the corrections, the only thing contemplated up to now. But, in the course of the interview, he intimated that he was prepared to undertake the duties of literary agent, and to place the MSS. as well as to correct them. Mine. X. said that she could not afford' to pay for this, but Mr. A. replied that she had told him she was acquainted with many French journalists. Now, it was the wish "of his heart to become a correspondent of the Continental Press, and if she would give him an introduction he would consider himself paid. On this Mme. X. confided to him a number of MSS., and gave him an introduction to the editor of one of the most widely known of continental journals. Months passed, during which Mr. A. wrote from time to time, speaking vaguely of his efforts on Mine. X.'s behalf—they had been uusuccess- ## p. 73 (#487) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 73 ful, but he expressed himself as by no means discouraged. During this time he corrected the longest of the articles—it was a short story. I saw the copy he had made—the MS. was entirely in his handwriting, and so far his assertion that he had "re-written" it was true. But his corrections were a farce. As I myself had to "re-write" it, I speak from knowledge, and a gentleman, who is himself a writer, said of it that it was not worth having, even if done for nothing, that no one with the least literary ear could possibly have passed the foreign turns of expres- sion. Even obvious omissions of parts of sen- tences were not supplied, and the general incompetence displayed in this specimen of A.'s powers confirmed our suspicions that he was not what he had represented himself to be. We were not at all surprised to find that the foreign editor had been puzzled by his letter, had evi- dently conceived an unfavourable opinion of A., and declined to have anything to do with him. I should say that A. asked and received 5*. for correcting this short story. On my return to England after an absence, Mme. X. had confided her doubts to me. I advised her to get her MSS. back as soon as possible—especially as she had a chance of dispos- ing of them herself. She wrote explaining this. A. replied in a manner which struck us as evasive, but at last, after many weeks and many letters from Mme. X., he returned all but one. .In the accompanying letter, lie said that he had sent all, and also said that he had "re-written" two others of the MSS.; but the parcel, on being opened, did not contain these copies, nor were the returned MSS. "corrected." Mme. X. felt that she had simply wasted six months—A. had done absolutely nothing—his corrections were worthless in the instance in which he made them, and, in the majority of instances, he had done no work at all. Of course he could not be held responsible for failing to dispose of the MSS., supposing lie ever tried, which the sequel makes us gravely doubt. Mme. X. wrote in vain, asking for the missing MS. and the two "copies." A. replied that he had sent the MS., and he ignored the question of the copies. And in a few days he sent in a bill for ,£3 3*. for "professional ser- vices." Mme. X. was in despair, she was utterly unable to pay £3 38., and A. had known this from the first. She wrote reminding him that he had himself offered those services in return for an introduction which she had given; and added that she was ready to pay on the same scale as before for the "corrections" of the MSS. which he had said he had" re-written," when she received the rc-tcritten copies. The reply was a threat of the County Court. Neither then, nor afterwards, did A. ever allude to the (verbal) agreement, or to the missing copies. He simply repeated his threats of the County Court if a remittance was not sent " to-morrow," or " next Tuesday," as the case might be. It was almost amusingly evident that he was trying to strike terror into a helpless foreigner. He numbered his letters "second and third " application." His first threat of the County Court came barely a fortnight after the "first application," and in reply to a civil request for the work he was demanding payment for. Mme. X. was in very bad health, and was much distressed at the prospect of appeariug in Court, and perhaps being made to say what she did not mean. Under these circumstances a friend began to make inquiries of the persons given by A. as referees. The first person applied to was the present editor of the Readers Gazette. He replied that there must be some mistake—he himself had been editor many years—and he suggested imposture. Next, the Civil Service List was tried, with the result that nothing whatever was known of Mr. A. A slight clue, however, was followed up, and at last Mr. A. was dis- covered—not as a Civil servant, but as under- master in a primary school in an adjacent parish. Meantime, the firm of publishers was written to. They at length remembered—not Mr. A.'s name, but a now, de plume which he had mentioned as the name he wrote under. A MS. by a writer with this nom de plume had been submitted to the firm, and declined. The "scholastic" side of Mr. A. was next probed; and here, strange to say, we came upon the first piece of bond fides we had yet discovered. "Jones, Manchester," whose name had sounded to us so apocryphal that we had not thought it worth while to waste a letter upon him, turned out to be a most respectable firm of publishers —almost entirely, it seemed, of school books for primary schools. They knew Mr. A., and thought well of him. He had published an " elementary book " and a leaflet or two for children to learn. It was not precisely a testimony to "scholastic" qualification, but at least he was known. More- over, Mr. N, whom A. had mentioned as able to speak to his literary qualifications, replied favour- ably, and said that A. had held " high positions," and was "an educated gentleman," but added that he knew nothing of his literary qualifications. Thinking there was a mistake in identity, and that A. was trading on a similarity of name, we asked for further particulars, and learned that Mr. N. had obviously no personal knowledge of A., but that A. really had been inspector of some diocesan schools in the provinces, and afterward* head- master of a " high school." All this while, A.'s ## p. 74 (#488) ############################################# THE A UTHOR. threats were becoming more urgent, and he repre- sented himself as on the eve of placing the matter in the hands of his solicitor. The friend who made the inquiries thought it was time to do something, and wrote a letter to A., repeating the facts as stated by Mine. X., and informing A. of the result of the inquiries. The letter con- cluded with a renewed offer to pay him 58. each for the corrected stories, on receiving the correc- tions. A reply came by return of post. It appeared to be written by A.'s wife at. his dicta- tion, and stated that Mr. A. could not answer the letter now, as the matter had passed out of his hands. Before this, at first, in order to learn whether A. was already known to our Society, 1 had con- sulted Mr, Thring, who with the greatest kind- ness gave me counsel. He now reiterated his opinion that wc ought to get a " friendly solicitor" to write A. a letter. A legal friend of my own most kindly consented to do this, and wrote deny- ing any indebtedness for "professional services," but again renewing the offer to pay for the cor- rections. It brought the following answer again by return: "Sib,—-I have received yours of the , and it has been duly filed." This extraordinary reply, and the effrontery of A.'s whole attitude, astonished the solicitor, and is still a puzzle to us all. We are, however, consoled by seeing that A. is really not so clever. For six weeks after this, when we all thought the matter was ended, he suddenly wrote once more to Mme. X., threatening to put the matter into a lawyer's hands if the money was not sent within three days. By this time the threat had lost its terrors—even Mme. X. was able to laugh at it, and so I trust all was well that ended well. But it is a singular story, for there can be no doubt that A. was at no distant period in an excellent position, and yet his calm effrontery would seem to show a practised hand. It is my deliberate conviction, basrd on several small indications, that he never showed the MSS. to a single editor. This, of course, we cannot prove, but if he had ventured to force us into court he would have heen required to mention names. I should say that in this last letter he repeated that he had been editor of the Readers' Gazette — it was the only allusion he ever made to the unmasking of his pretensions. Finally, I would entreat, not only authors, but everybody, to "look up their references"—though, as a gentleman I consulted over this business said very frankly, " When does one look them up, if they are good ones?" And I confess that I should have thought it impossible that a man would venture falsely to call himself ex-editor of a paper—it is a statement so easily verified. But perhaps A. is a student of human nature, and reckoned on our reasoning thus! And candour compels me to admit, that had inquiries been made at first, and had we happened to begin with Mr. N. and "Jones, Manchester," we might have- been perfectly satisfied, and have gone no farther. Wherefore, when references are given you, write to them all. Y. A CASE IN POINT. IOUGHT to have joined the Society of Authors long ago; but I suppose it is a case of stinginess over the wrong thing, and that even the demands of a large family upon a slender income should not have hindered my finding that guinea subscription. Every author wants more or less protection under the present conditions of things: certainly the unwary one. Here is a case in point. A well-known publisher asked me to prepare a book for the present season. It was to be ready at the New Tear, and I was to receive =£50 in advance, on account of royalties, upon delivery of the MS. I sent in the complete work in the last days of December. I waited, and at length hud to remind the publisher that three weeks had elapsed, and I was expecting to hear from hiin. To my surprise his reply, and several subsequent communications, showed me that he was " off the job," if possible, having doubts of its probable success. But I stuck to him. He suggested additions and improvements, which I loyally worked up with great benefit to the book. At length, early in April, I had the first proofs and a cheque for .-£25. The last sheets were returned, and I was look- ing for the completion of the payment. But, guess my astonishment on being informed by letter that many faults in composition, cant phrases, and so forth, had been discovered, and it had been necessary to take the thing to pieces —also " whether the thing will ever pay is becom- ing more than ever a matter of doubt with me." With the best possible grace I accepted the possibility that my style was open to criticism, but I asserted that for acquiescence in his improvements I must first have the opportunity of weighing their value. Now that the book is published I find that, far from " improvement," the book has been utterly damaged by interpola- tions and omissions, and many alterations of very slight importance but destructive to that coherent unity of style which should throughout reveal an author's personality. There are six verbal altera- tions which I should consent to. The remainder ## p. 75 (#489) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 75 are of a piece with the specimens I have marked in the copy of the work inclosed for your inspec- tion, which amount to nothing more nor less than interpolated blunders. The book has been brought out, price 7«. 6d. As it looks more like a 4*. or 58. volume, the booksellers won't touch it, and it has fallen still- born upon a season especially favourable for the sale of such a work. Our publisher tells me it is "complete failure," and ascribes the failure to the numerous alterations rendered necessary after the thing was in type, and which added heavily to the printer's bill. What this has to do with the shyness of the retail booksellers passes me, but I have been so worked upon by the sad story of £150 or more thrown away upon my " diabolical" (tie) book as to give a renunciation of all further right or claim upon payment of ,£5 5*. There is nothing now to hinder Mr. X. T. from reforming his mode of publication, and making a small income out of it. Simpleton, you will say! I deserve it. S. INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY CONFERENCE. President—Sir John Lubbock. Chairman of Committee—Kichard Garnett, LL.D. Hon. Treasurer—H. K. Tedder. Hon. Secretary— J. Y. W. MacAlister. Secretary—J. D. Brown. f I ^HE Conference was opened on Tuesday, July I 14, by the Lord Mayor, in the Council Chamber of the Guildhall. The following notes of the principal proceedings are taken from the Times:— PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. The President (Sir J. Lubbock) then gave his inaugural address. He said that the existence of this congress was an indirect result of an Act passed by a private member of Parliament (Mr. Ewart) in the year 1850. The Act was a striking example of beneficent legislation passed by a private member. It had been adopted by some 350 places, containing nearly half our people. From 1857 to 1866 it was adopted by fifteen localities, from 1867 to 1876 by forty-five, from 1877 to 1886 by sixty-two, from 1887 to 1896 by no fewer than 190. In London the recent pro- gress had been even more remarkable. From 1850-66 only one public library was established, and Westminster had the honour of taking the lead; from 1867 to 1876 not one, from 1876 to 1886 only two, from 1887 to 1896 no fewer than thirty-two. These libraries now contained over 5,000,000 volumes, the annual issues amounted to 27,000,000, and the attendances to 60,000,000. Australia had 844 public libraries with 1,400,000 volumes, New Zealand 298 with 330,000, South Africa about 100 with 300,000. In Canada the public libraries contained over 1,500,000 of volumes. The United States possessed in 1890 1686 public libraries, containing 13,800,000 volumes. These numbers, however, were hardly comparable with ours, as they included in some cases college and law libraries. Moreover, we had many public libraries which were not included in the above numbers. The British Museum alone contained 2,000,000 volumes. Those who doubted the advantage of public libraries generally based their argument on the assertion that an immense preponderance of the books read were novels. But it must be remembered that a book of poems, and even more a work of science, would take much longer to read than a novel. Moreover, many novels were not only amusing and refreshing, but also instructive. No doubt the wise choice of books was becoming more and more difficult. The National Home Reading Union had done, and was doing, excellent service in assisting our country- men and countrywomen to what to read, and how to read. A recent writer had referred to the treasures of ancient lore in Egyptian papyri, which were now scattered in large numbers through the museums of Europe, where, for want of catalogues and descriptions, they lay well nigh as profoundly buried as if they were in their original tombs. Many authors buried their own creations by misleading titles, or by bringing together incongruous subjects, which led to un- fortuuate results, like other ill-assorted marriages. A friend of his had recently mentioned a remark- able case in point. In the year 1850, Dr. Mitchell, the Director of the Observatory of Cincinnati, which was then the only astro- nomical observatory in the United States, brought out a perfectly beautiful book, and it came over here for sale in the ordi- narv way. It was called "The Planetary and Stellar Worlds." The publisher of the book complained bitterly about it, and said that he had not sold a single copy. His friend said, "Well, you have killed the book by its title. Why not call it ' The Orbs of Heaven'?" That was acted upon, and 6000 copies were sold in a month. (Cheers and laughter.) As regarded Govern- ment, our own had set a very good example. An American writer (E. H. Walworth), in an article on " The Value of National Archives," had paid us the compliment of stating that "perhaps no nation had been more careful than England in the preservation of her archives; and perhaps no nation has been more careless in this direction than the United States." (Cheers.) This was, however, no longer true of the United States ## p. 76 (#490) ############################################# 76 THE AUTHOR. Government, which now issued excellent monthly- catalogues. India also had for some time taken much pains to make her publications as available as possible. The Eoyal Colonial Institute had recently taken an important step in adopting and forwarding to every colonial Government a reso- lution, "That the colonial Governments be respectfully invited to issue—through the medium of their Government gazettes or otherwise— registers containing entries of all publications within given periods, and also all other locally published works, with their full titles, so as to furnish for general information complete records of the literature of each colony." To turn to the scientific societies, our own Eoyal Society had accomplished a great and most useful work in its catalogue of scientific papers, contained in nine thick quarto volumes. These had been extremely useful. The society was moreover organising a catalogue which aimed at completeness, and was intended to contain the titles of scientific publica- tions, whether appearing in periodicals or inde- pendently. In such a catalogue the titles of scientific publications would be arranged, not only according to authors' names, but also according to subject-matter, the text of each paper and not the title only being consulted for the latter purpose. The preparation and publication of such a com- plete catalogue was far beyond the power and means of any single society. Led by the above considerations, the president and council of the Royal Society had appointed a committee to inquire into and report upon the feasibility of such a catalogue being compiled through inter- national co-operation. (Hear, hear.) There was one other catalogue to which he should like to refer, namely, the classified index of the London Library in which were given the names of the principal authors who had written on each sub- ject; and the assistance there given to the student was invaluable. To every true lover of books it was sad to see our countrymen and countrywomen neglecting the great masterpieces of science and literature, and wasting their time over " books that were no books," merely because they were new—in many cases, to use Buskin's words, "fresh from the fount of folly." (Cheers.) EVOLUTION OF THE PUBLIC LIBRARY. Mr. Henry Tedder read a paper on "The Evolution of the Public Library." Mr. Herbert Spencer had, he said, traced the origin of all our professions. The processes of development and differentiation had been as clearly shown in the case of public libraries as in other departments. The earliest librarians were priests, and the earliest libraries ienples. The earliest civilisa- tions—those, e.g., of Assyria and Egypt—had their public libraries, which, however, were purely of an ecclesiastical character. Aulus Gellus said that Pisistratus in the sixth century b.c. was the first founder of a real public library, whilst others ascribed their origin to Aristotle. One of Caesar's projects was the establishment of a great public library, and Varro had written a treatise on the subject; and at Herculaneum a beauti- fully arranged small room was found with 1756 manuscripts, which gave an insight into the arrangements of libraries of that time. Christian libraries, of course, dated from Constantine; and his successors, especially Theodosius, busied themselves with their establishment, and St. Augustine gave his library to the church at Hippo. The early church was, however, more or less hostile to the ancient literature of Greece and Rome. But the Benedictines early in the sixth, century were the first of the Christian bodies to establish libraries, and their example was followed by the Carthusians, Cistercians, Prasmonstraten- sians, and others; and the Cistercians were the first to allow persons outside their orders to borrow books. In the thirteenth century a library was formed at St. Germain des Pres. Paris, where, in 1513, a noble library was founded. For much which was in his paper he wished to acknowledge his obligations to Mr. J. Willis Clarke, who had clearly traced the con- nection between collegiate and monastic libraries —a connection specially manifest at Merton College, Oxford. Mr. Tedder also gave interest- ing accounts of the construction and arrangements of college libraries; and particularly of the Escurial Library founded in 1584. He also described cathedral libraries, of which he took Westminster as a type. The old type was mainly for the benefit of the professional scholar; and it was not until the middle of the eighteenth century t hat the needs of the people at large were considered, and the Bodleian and Mazarin libraries were splendid instances of private munificence. The free library movement started by E wart's Act was mainly educational, and the rapid growth of rate-supported libraries—which were peculiar to this country—had been described by Sir John Lubbock. In the United States a similar movement had been going on, and France afforded numerous examples of public libraries on every scale of magnitude. Belgium, Austria- Hungary, and Scandinavia were also well equipped, and in recent years a vast number of library associations had grown up both here and in the United States. In conclusion, Mr. Tedder described public libraries as the real universities of the unattached, and said that the librarian should remeinbir that he was a priest of litera- ture. (Cheers.) ## p. 77 (#491) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 77 PUBLIC LIBRARY AUTHORITIES. Mr. Herbert Jones read a paper on "Public Library Authorities, their Constitution and Powers, as they are and as they should be." Our present system, he observed, was due to the happy-go-lucky methods which were so characteristic of the British people. The results had, no doubt, on the whole been good, but the time had come for a reconstruction on a more logical and consistent basis. Library committees were variously constituted in different centres, and the numbers were fluctuating and sometimes too great for useful action, and their relations to other local bodies vague and ill-defined. But when commissioners were appointed a better system prevailed. Our free library legislation needed amendment, and it was not desirable tliat a possibly hostile vestry should be able to super- sede the regular library authority. A small body appointed or elected ad hoc was surely better than a large body constituted for a variety of purposes. He was in favour of the appointment in each district of a distinct library authority—not constituted of too many persons, but varying according to population—whose sole work would be the supervision of libraries. In this way a uniformity of action and a security which was greatly to be desired would be effected. (Cheers.) Mr. Alderman Rawson, of Manchester, said that his city was the first to adopt Mr. Ewart's Act. A like movement had almost simultaneously started in the United States. Since the estab- lishment of the libraries the numbers of books and readers in Manchester had increased tenfold. Notwithstanding the enormous circulation of books, the loss by missing or injured books was a mere trifle. The employment of women in the libraries had produced most beneficial effects in the maintenance of silence and order. The cor- poration, though entitled to elect outsiders on the library committees, had not done so, and had, with pardonable vanity, thought themselves competent to manage their libraries. The Manchester libraries were peculiar in one respect, that they never levied fines, and their confidence in the public had never been abused. (Cheers.) The Inland Revenue had tried to exact income-tax, and the case had been carried to the House of Lords, where in the end the library authority of Man- chester achieved a notable victory for themselves and all the public libraries of the country. THE TRAINING OF LIBRARIANS. Mr. Charles Welch, Guildhall Librarian, read a paper on "The Training of Librarians." He insisted on the primary importance of a wide and liberal education. BOOKS AND TEXT-BOOKS. A paper on "Books and Text-Books: The Function of the Library in Education," was read by Mr. F. M. Crunder, librarian, Public Library, St. Louis, U.SA., who said that the problem was to provide the best education for the masses. Could text-books furnish that educa- tion P He remembered his surreptitious enjoy- ment as a schoolboy of a book of extracts—chiefly poetry and oratory—and those poems and speeches were to him worth all the arithmetic and text- book learning which he was compelled to learn. To use Sir John Lubbock's words, "the main • thing is not so much that every child should be taught as that every child should wish to learn." Franklin's was the ideal education—that no child should be taught until he desired to learn. Books were the true university, and the true edu- cation was to stimulate the love of good literature, and to enable the child to discriminate between what is good and bad in books. Education should seek to make not lawyers, engineers, farmers, &c., but men; and the larger aim would be found also invariably to have included the narrower. The text-book should only be employed as the guide to what was of permanent value and interest in literature. NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY. Mr. Sidney Lee, editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, read the next paper on "National Biography and National Biblio- graphy." He said he should make his immediate purpose plainer if he said a few words about the aims and scope of the Dictionary of National Biography, which might be defined as a bio- graphical census of all dwellers in the British dominions who had achieved anything worthy of commemoration. The most notable feature in their methods of execution was the effort to give authority for every fact recorded. The life of Shakespeare, for instance, would be practically useless were not the authenticity of each of the traditions which had accumulated about his name carefuly determined. He had himself attempted on a modest scale a bibliography of Shakesperiana arranged in the order in which the student of Shakespearian biography was likely to find it convenient to approach the books. His biblio- graphy was far from complete; the catalogues of the British Museum Library, with its 3680 entries; the Barton collection in the Boston Public Library, with its 2500 entries; and the Birmingham Public Library, with 9640 volumes, supplied far longer lists of Shakesperiana. But he had endeavoured to observe some logical principle of classification which the larger library cata- logues did not attempt. After a reference to the ## p. 78 (#492) ############################################# 78 THE AUTHOR. bibliography respecting Milton, Sir Walter Scott, Sir W. Raleigh, Dryden, and others, he said that all that was possible was to mention, as a rule in chronological sequence, the chief articles or memoirs previously published. The Dictionary's list of authorities contained much that was material for the preparation of a subject catalogue of literature, and a subject catalogue was obviously of high importance in developing the utility of public libraries. The making of subject catalogues was a subsidiary branch of the science of bibliography. In its essence bibliography was the science of describing books as books, in contradistinction to books as literature. For the literature of Great Britain and Ireland there existed at present four notable experiments in national bibliography. At the beginning of the century Eobert Watt, a poor surgeon of Paisley, sacrificed twenty years of arduous labour in compiling his "Bibliotheca Britannica," an elaborate catalogue mainly of British literature, though a few foreign works were included, arranged in two indices—one of authors' names, the other of the titles of books. The next effort in national bibliography was made by William Thomas Lowndes, who in his "Bibliographers' Manual," first published in 1834, endeavoured to arrange the titles of books (under authors' names) with some regard to their intrinsic interest. Lowndes, after many years of abject poverty, lost his reason and died in 1843. The third great attempt at a bibliography of English literature was made in America, and it was to the credit of that great country that its history involved no distressing incidents like those which accompanied the efforts of Watts and Lowndes. Allibone's ample " Dictionary of English Litera- ture" was projected in 1850, and the last proof sheets were read by the author on the last day of 1870. The work was published by Messrs. Lippincottof Philadelphia, in three large volumes, and a supplement in two volumes, almost equally large, appeared in 1891. Living authors were included as well as the dead, and to all books of importance there were appended illustrative quotations from critical reviews. Although Allibone's book was open to criticism and con- tained many blunders, jet the work was an invaluable book of reference, as every librarian would acknowledge. The fourth great experi- ment in national bibliography was the printed British Museum catalogue, which is a permanent memorial of the skill, knowledge, and industry of Dr. Garnett, the Keeper of Printed Books, and his staff. BOOE TALE. THE Earl of Desart's new novel will be entitled " The Raid of the Detrimental." In it he has made a new departure. The tale deals with the true history of the Great Disappearance of 1862, and is related by several of those implicated, and others. The book will be published early in September by Messrs. C. Arthur Pearson Limited. Professor Laughton is engaged upon "The Life and Letters of Henry Reeve." The book will be published by Messrs. Longmans, Green, and Co. Among other forthcoming publications by this firm are "The Validity of the Papal Claims," by Dr. Nutcombe Oxenham, with a preface by the Archbishop of "Xork; and a biography of Dr. Maples, Bishop of Likoma, in Central Africa, by his sister. Colonel H. M. Vibart has written a work on "The Siege of Delhi, in the Indian Mutiny," in which he gives to Colonel Bard Smith's services a more adequate recognition than he believes they have hitherto been granted. The book will be published by Messrs. A. Constable and Co. Mr. Bret Harte's new novel is called "Three Partners," and treats of a strike in a mining camp. It will be published next month by Messrs. Chatto and Windus. Mr. Meredith's volume of selected poems will appear shortly. Mr. W. Clark Russell's articles on the life of Nelson, which are running in one of the maga- zines, will be issued in book form in the autumn by Mr. James Bowden. Mr. Sidney G. Murray is the author of "A Popular Manual of Finance," which will be issued immediately by Messrs. Blackwood. The late Mr. Du Maurier's novel, "The Martian," will be published by Messrs. Harper on Sept. 17. Mine. Sarah Grand's new novel is to be published by Mr. Heinemann. Mr. Herbert Warren, the president of Magdalen College, is having his poems published by Mr. Murray, under the title " By Severn Sea." Some time ago they were printed by Mr. Daniel, of Oxford, but only circulated privately. They are now to be available to the public. Mr. Geo. Haven Putnam has a scheme for the institution of literary courts or boards of arbitra- tion, to settle disputes arising between the writing and publishing professions. Details of it are to be given in the revised edition of his work, ## p. 79 (#493) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 79 "Authors and Publishers," which is to appear shortly. Sir Ellis Ashmead Bartlett, M.P., has written "The War in Thessaly, with Personal Experiences in Turkey and Greece." It will be remembered that one of the "personal experiences" of the author was to be captured by a Greek torpedo boat and carried to Athens. Mr. Fitzgerald Molloy has aimed at presenting a complete picture of Irish society in the last century, in his forthcoming work entitled "The Romance of the Irish Stage." Messrs. Downey and Co., who will publish the book, are also about to issue a uniform edition of Mr. Molloy's social and historical studies at a popular price. Mr. D. J. O'Donoghue, the biographer of Carleton, will shortly conclude " The Life and Writings of James Clarence Mangan," a work he has been engaged at for some time. It will tell for the first time the story of the young poet's tragic career in the Young Ireland days; and there will also be reminiscences of Mangan by Sir Frederick Burton, Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, Dr. J. K. Ingram, and others. A biography of the engineer who laid the first Atlantic cable—Sir Charles Tilston Bright—is being prepared for publication (by subscription) by Messrs. Constable and Co. A brother and a son of the distinguished pioneer have compiled the work from the diaries which Sir Charles kept; therefore it will be largely autobiographical in character. Lord Eibblesdale, who was Master of the Buckhounds under the last administration, is writing his recollections of " The Queen's Hounds and Stag Hunting," to which will be contributed illustrations by prints and drawings from Her Majesty's collections at Windsor Castle and at Cumberland Lodge. The book will be published by Messrs. Longmans. Mr. Theodore A. Cook will write a book about Rouen, and Miss Margaret Symonds (daughter of the late John Addington Symonds) one about Perugia, for a series of volumes dealings with mediaeval towns which Messrs. J. M. Dent and Co. are to publish. The late Mrs. Oliphant was writing "Sienna," but had only completed three chapters of it. The biography of Professor Huxley is not likely to be ready before the autumn of 1898. Prince Ranjitsinhji's book on cricket is to be published by Messrs. Blackwood, and will be dedicated to the Queen. There will be an ddition de luxe in crown quarto, with the author's auto- graph, twenty photogravures, and eighty full- page plates; a fine-paper edition in royal octavo, with a photogravure frontispiece and ninety-nine plates; and a popular edition in large crown octavo, with eighty page illustrations and twenty in the text. Mr. George Bernard Shaw is revising his plays for their coming publication in book form under the title " Plays Pleasant and Unpleasant." They will be in two volumes, to be published by Mr. Grant Richards in the autumn. The several stories contained in Mr. Coulson Kernahan's "Book of Strange Sins," are being published in separate numbers by Messrs. Ward, Lock and Co. Mr. Fraser Rae is at work upon a new edition of Sheridan, in which he will correct the accepted text to a considerable extent. Mr. William Le Queux's new Tuscan novel, now in the press, is to be called "A Madonna of the Music Halls." Mr. F. E. Robinson, M.A., the latest recruit to the ranks of London publishers, announces that he has nearly completed arrangements for a series of Oxford and Cambridge College Histories, which will be written by dons and other well- known graduates. Mr. Frank A. Munsey—whose enterprise has lately been spoken of by Mr. Hapgood in the New York Letter of The Author—has been in London making preliminary arrangements for an English edition of Mungey's Magazine. He will probably send a manager from New York, and open a branch establishment here. Mr. Munsey has secured a story by Mr. Max Pemberton for the magazine, to succeed Mr. Hall Caine's " The Christian." Mr. Alfred Kingston is engaged upon a work entitled " East Anglia and the Great Civil War," in which he tells the story of the rising of Crom- well's Ironsides in the counties of Cambridge, Huntingdon, Lincoln, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, and Hertford. The "Victorian Era" series of books, to be issued by Messrs. Blackie, is intended as an authoritative record of the great movements of the century. Mr. J. H. Rose, M.A., late Scholar of Christ's College, Cambridge, will edit the series, and contribute a volume on " The Rise of the Democracy." Canon J. H. Overton will write "The Anglican Revival ;" Dean Stubbs, a biography of Charles Kingsley; Mr. George Gissing, a biography of Charles Dickens; Mr. H. Holman, "National Education;" Mr. G. Aimitage Smith, " Free Trade and Its Results;" Mr. Lawrence Gomme," Modern London;" &c. ## p. 80 (#494) ############################################# 8o THE AUTHOR. Mr. F. Anstey's "Baboo Jabberjee" will be published by Messrs. Dent this autumn. Mr. Barry Pain's new novel, which Messrs. Harper will publish immediately, is entitled " The Octave of Claudius." Colonel L. J. Trotter has written the " Life of John Nicholson, Soldier and Administrator," which Mr. Murray will publish. A series of stories by Mr. Barry Pain, dealing with the career of Eobin Hood; a series by Mr. Max Pemberton, dealing with the French Revolution; and a series of detective stories by Major Arthur Griffith, are among the forth- coming projects of the English Illustrated Magazine, Mr. Andrew Lang has edited a volume of selec- tions from Wordsworth, which is in the press, and which will be the first of a new series of "Selec- tions from the Poets," to be published by Messrs. Longmans. Mr. William Harbutt Dawson has written a comprehensive account of the present day social movement in Switzerland in its various branches. The volume, entitled "Social Switzerland," will be published by Messrs. Chapman and Hall at once. "The Typewriter Girl" is the title of a story dealing with an aspect of London life untouched hitherto, which Messrs. Pearson are about to publish. "Olive Pratt Rayner" is the name assumed by the writer. A work on English monastic history, by the Rev. Ethelred L. Taunton, will be published by Mr. John C. Nimnio in the autumn. It will be called, "The English Black Monks of St. Bene- dict: A Sketch of their History from the Coming of St. Augustine to the Present Day." The third volume of the series entitled " Litera- tures of the World," which Mr. Heinemann publishes, will be "Italian Literature," by Dr. Richard Garnett. It will appear early in the autumn. Three months later "English Litera- ture," by Mr. Edmund Gosse, the editor of the series, will be ready. Mr. G. Forrest, Director of Records, Govern- ment of Tndia, is to write "A History of British India" for the important project, the Cambridge Historical Series. The Historical Society of Trinity College, Dublin, is co-operating with the National Literary Society of Dublin to celebrate the centenary of Burke's death. It is proposed to hold a public meeting in November, and to erect a tablet on the house in which Burke was born. Miss Phoebe Allen, whose work in interesting children and spreading their love for Nature is well known, is the editor of a small botanical quarterly called the Sunchildren's Budget, which is the organ of two botany clubs, the second of which is for children. Readers of this paper who are interested in the subjects are invited to make the acquaintance of the magazine for their children. Mrs. Butcher, wife of Dean Butcher of Cairo, will publish in October a book on Egypt, where she has lived for nearly twenty years. It gives an outline of the history of Egypt from the time of the Roman occupation in the year 30 b.c. to the English occupation in the year 1882 a.d., and so will fill a blank in our knowledge of that ancient country. As the Christianity of Egypt is the connecting thread for all the various epochs com- prehended in these twenty centuries, the book will be called "The Story of the Church of Egypt." Messrs. Smith and Elder are the publishers, and it will appear in two volumes. A story of public school life, entitled " The Gift of God," is about to be brought out in volume form. It is by Mrs. Laffan, the wife of the Prin- cipal of Cheltenham College; better known to the reading public by her former name—" Mrs. Leith Adams." Mrs. Laffan gave a lecture at the Ladies' College, Cheltenham, last month, on the subject of "Fictional Literature as a Profession for Women." It has created great interest, and will be repeated. New editions of "Madelon Lemoine," and" The Old Pastures," by this writer, are in the press. Volume 2 of Mr. Edwin 0. Sachs' monumental work, "Modern Opera Houses and Theatres," has now been issued, and with it, perhaps, that part of the undertaking which appeals most to the general public has seen its completion, for the third volume, due in December, will mainly deal with the historical and practical details of theatre construction, finance, and management, and have an essentially technical character. Mr. Sachs has been able to extend materially the scope of the second volume beyond what was originally in- tended, so that the part now completed contains descriptions of over fifty playhouses in Europe, with no less than 450 illustrations. Most of the latter are on plates. Every country is represented, including Russia with three theatres, Roumania and Greece with one each. Garnier's charming theatre at Monte Carlo even stands to do credit for the principality of Monaco. The playhouse most elaborately illustrated in vol. 2 is the Paris Opera House, and the French capital is further represented by the new Opera Comique in course of construction, and the Eden Varietv Theatre. ## p. 81 (#495) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 81 The great Vienna Opera House heads the Austrian examples in vol. 2, whilst Her Majesty's takes a similar position among our metropolitan houses. Mr. Sachs has received great assistance from many foreign Governments whilst preparing the work, and many of the names prominently asso- ciated with drama on the one hand, and with architecture on the other, will also be found on his list of subscribers. Mr. Arthur Lee Knight has a new book for boys in the press, entitled "Under the White Ensign; or, for Queen and Empire." Messrs. Jarrold are the publishers, and the volume will be profusely illustrated by Mr. J. B. Greene, who makes a special study of naval subjects. "The King's Oak" will be the title of a volume of stories by Robert Cromie, which Messrs. E. Aickin and Co., Limited, of Belfast, have in the press. Mr. Cromie is best known as the author of " The Crack of Doom," which had an extraordi- nary circulation in Sir GeorgeNewnes' "Famous Books " series. The author of " The Song-Book of Bethia Hard- acre" (Chapman and Hall) is Mrs. (not Miss) Fuller Maitland. "The Demon of Santa Fc," by Mr. Farquhar Palliser (Heber K. Daniels), commences in the current number of Eureka: The Playgoers' Magazine, conjointly with "A Romance of Nor- way," from the same pen, in No. 4 of the "Favourite Illustrated Stories." A sequel to Mr. Palliser's " Me and Jim," entitled " Our Tenants," will also be published by the same publishers— the Favourite Publishing Company, Pentonville- road. The Navy and Army Illustrated (edited by Commander C. N. Robinson, R.N.) is devoting a series of special numbers to the Yeomanry and Volunteers. The title of the work is "Our Citizen Army," and the entire letterpress is by Callum Beg, author of " The Life of a Soldier," &c. The second number of the series was lately published and contains some fifty or sixty illustrations descriptive of the duties falling to the lot of our citizen soldiers in camp and elsewhere. "Cruelties of Civilisation."—Early in August the Humanitarian League will issue the third volume of its publications. It will contain the following essays: "Literce Humaniores: An Appeal to Teachers," by Henry S. Salt; "Public Control of Hospitals," by Harry Roberts; "The Shadow of the Sword," by G. W. Foote; "What it Costs to be Vaccinated," by Joseph Collinson; "The Gallows and the Lash," by Hypatia Brad- laugh Bonner; "The Sweating System," by Maurice Adams; "The Humanities of Diet," by H. S. Salt. One of the League's new pamphlets will deal with the English Game Laws. FASHIONS IN LANGUAGE. VERT great men may almost be said to be "of no time." The English of Shakspeare is still modern, and one reads it with more ease and pleasure than that of much more recent writers; the reason being that he writes sincerely, and is but little swayed by the thoughtless fashions of his day. This is not the case with a vast majority of even good authors; most of whom are content to swim with the tide, and to gain a temporary success at the cost of all chance of immortality. Addison, Gray, Coleridge, Macaulay, Tennyson, are all instances of men who have stedfastly resisted such temptations, and of whom, therefore, we may feel sure that their works will endure and will become classics. It is when one turns to the colloquial idiom recorded by writers of various times that one observes how fashions affect our language, and realises what changes are in store for it among the multitudes of so-called "English-speaking people" that are growing up in America and the Colonies. Yet precisely similar changes have been always going on, even in the comparatively small and well-trained circle of London society, without seriously affecting the purity of written English. Time and space would not suffice for a com- plete exemplification of these remarks; we may however, find enough to justify them in con- sidering one class of words—the adjectives and adverbs by which indolent and ill-trained men and women have been wont to express intenseness and superlative quality. Thus, in the London of the Revolution, when institutions began to be fixed and West-end society to become organised, we find colloquialism of this sort recorded by Con- preve and the Spectator; and the fine ladies and their beaux at once began to coin current epithets which circulated with but little regard to their intrinsic value. Mrs. Fainall hates her husband "transcendentally"; Mirabell is a "pretty" fellow; Cleantha has been "hugely" diverted. Then comes the Hanoverian age, beginning with George II. and ending with George IV., when convention was lord of all, and " enthusiasm" was regarded as a form of insanity. Here we come upon yet more artificial epithets, the paper- money of social intercourse. Not only are words used without any pretence of their proper signifi- cation, but the lords and ladies who set the fashion do not even deign to employ the neces- ## p. 82 (#496) ############################################# 82 THE AUTHOR. sary termination to indicate an adverbial meaning The characters in Miss Burney's novels talk of a "monstrous handsome woman," and a "prodi- gious pretty place;" like the mediaeval emperor, they are above grammar, though they can hardly be said to have mastered that humble science. Many other instances will occur to readers of eighteenth century books, and will be even found in sermons and works intended to be dignified. "Respectable " is used as a high form of praise; few words, indeed, can have more changed their value. Boswell writes of "Chief Baron Smith of respectable and pious memory," where he evidently means to exhaust eulogy. Two other favourite epithets of the period have fallen from their high estate—"elegant"and "genteel," the former used to mean much what we mean when we say that a lady is refined, or that her hospitality is gracious; the latter meant well bred or polite. Lord Chesterfield, about the middle of the period, touched the subject with his habitual plesantry:— "Not content," writes the witty peer, "with enriching our language with words absolutely new, my fair countrywomen have gone still farther and improved it by the application and extension of old ones to various and very different significations. They take a word and change it, like a guinea into shillings for pocket-money, to be employed in the several occasional purposes of the day. For instance, adjective vast, and its adverb vastly, mean anything. . . . Large objects are vastly great, small ones are vastly little; and I had lately the pleasure to hear a fine woman pronounce a very small gold snuff- box that was produced in company to be vastly pretty because it was vastly little." On this Walpole noted: "Humming is a cant word for vast. A person meaning to describe a very large bird, said 'It was a humming bird.'" Surely we seem to be on familiar ground here. Is it not the fact that for the last thirty years we have had "cant words," or intensive expletives, of at least equal absurdity? What is the meaning of a lady who is awfully ugly, but has an airfu/ly jolly house?" Or of the young officer who comes down to breakfast in a strange house declaring that he has had "a rippin' night's rest?" H. G. K. CORRESPONDENCE. I.—Corruptions of the Language, THE AUTHOR" is fulfilling several useful functions, and its usefulness seems to grow with every month. The suggestion of " E. W. H." appears to me to be an excellent one; and I shall be glad to support it. But I am hunting smaller game just now; and I ask for only a few lines of your journal to call attention to a minor nuisance. The English language is in daily danger of being corrupted by slovenly phrases introduced by journalists and reporters in a hurry; and it might be one of the duties, and one of the privileges, of The Author to guard the purity of the language, in so far as this is possible and practicable for any one journal. But, as The Author is read by hundreds of men and women who write, and who have an honest respect for the language they write in, it is, probably, a task that becomes it well, to exclude from the language words and phrases that are "bad English" or ungram- matical, or ill-sounding. An obituary notice of Mrs. Oliphant in the July number of The Author, concludes with the words: "Mrs. Oliphant was predeceased by her husband and two sons." Now, I did not expect to find that in The Author. Let me talk grammar for a minute; I will try not to bore you. "Predeceased by " is clearly a verb in the passive voice. If one can "be predeceased," it follows that one can "decease" and even "predecease." Then " decease" is an active verb. What is to decease/ There is no such verb in the English language. Still less is there the verb to pre- decease. The writer might have given the sad facts in a truer way if he had not gone after Latin words, but kept within the bounds of his mother tongue: "Mrs. Oliphant was a widow; and all her children had died before her." There is another Latin word that is hauled in by every penny-a-liner with fatal facility and unpleasant results. I saw this heading in a country newspaper the other day: "Demise of a Dundee Baker in Canada." What is a demise* It is a demissio—a handing down (of the crown or of some title). Shakespeare has the verb to demise in the sense of to bequeath. Mr. Greville, in his Memoirs (quoted in the Century Dictionary), writes: "Now arose anew difficulty—whether the property of the late king demised to the king or to the Crown." Here the word demise is rightly used. An act of demise is a handing down of something to somebody. But the small journalist saw the word, liked the sound of it and the look ## p. 83 (#497) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 83 of it, didn't know what it meant, took the ignotum pro magnifico, and applied it to the death of the first person he had to mention the departure of. As I am on the prowl for a few minutes, I will mention another piece of bad English that seems likely to gain and to keep a place in our language. It is the American vulgarism " at that." Anyone whose ear has been trained by the reading of the best English prose, must be shocked by the use of a phrase so unrhythmical. I should like to suggest to you the usefulness of setting apart a column as a sort of Index Expurgatorius, in which all kinds of bad English and slovenly grammar would be gibbeted, as the gamekeeper nails stoats and other vermin to the barn door. J. M. D. Meiklejohn. St. Andrew's, July 6. II.—Editor and Contributor. What is the law in the following supposed case? I write an article, more or less ephemeral, and send it to a daily paper. I receive a proof; on it is a notice that such proof is no guarantee that the article will be accepted or published. There is, therefore, no contract. I send a copy of the same article to another daily paper, which at once prints and pub- lishes it. It happens that on the first of the Greek Kalends my article appears in both papers. Has either paper any remedy against me, or are they both equally in my debt? Delay spells ruin to an ephemeral article; how am I to view the notice printed on the proof slip? Dubious. [My opinion is that, if the author of the article in question was not able, or willing, to take his chance, he should have kept the proof and informed the editor of his intention to offer it elsewhere, unless he received a note of acceptance or contract to publish. I do not think that he was justified in sending it to the second paper without such warning or notification to the first paper. Clearly, the editor of the first paper was entitled to believe that the article was offered to him alone. By the decision of the Westminster County Court in the case of "Macdonald v. National Revieic," the forwarding of a proof is in itself an acceptance of the article, or a contract to pay for it, if not to publish it. The notice that the proof is not a guarantee of acceptance is probably sent with the proof in consequence of that decision.—Ed.] III.—English Novels in Germany. I have read with considerable surprise the statement of your contributor, " E. W. H.," to the effect that " Germans have found it necessary to-' forbid the perusal by young girls of English novels." The italics are his. After a comprehensive study of the works of prominent German writers of to-day, I confess it would seem to me quite unnecessary to banish even some very advanced English novels from the library unless, at the s:ime time, an enormous per- centage of the romances read, with or without permission of the parents, by girls of seventeen or younger, were forbidden at the same time. Per- sonally, I have the greatest admiration for the style and literary merits of works I could men- tion, written by leading Teuton (men and women) authors; but it is impossible to deny that few books which attain general popularity in the Fatherland would escape the verdict in England of "highly pernicious," or that they would instantly be locked away on the shelf with the glass windows, of which only " papa" is supposed to have the key. As the assertion in question is not" E. W. H.'s" own, I trust he will forgive me for taking up the cudgels in defence of English literature. Gwendoline Ashworth-Edwards. Germany. ii<ri IV.—A Query. I should feel much obliged if any reader of 'The Author could give a definite rule, or refer to a satisfactory authority, in the following cases: (a) The correct form of the predicate verb, "when two or more pronouns of different persons, are connected by alternative conjunctions." According to Professor Bain, there is a diver- gence of use among classical writers. (/?) The correct auxiliary to be used with verbs of motion. (y) The present day use of, and distinction between, the prepositions " by " and " with." A. E. Aldington. V.—Transliteration. With reference to the note by "H. G. K." on "Transliteration" in The Author for this month, I beg to point out that the congress he wishes for has sat, and to a great extent settled the question. At the Tenth Oriental Congress, held at Geneva in 1894, on the motion of Lord Reay, President of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain, a commission was appointed to consider this subject. The scheme adopted by the commission was printed in the Proceedings of the Congress, and a translation of it was published in the Asiatic Society's Journal for October, 1895. This system has, with a few alterations, been adopted by the society, and earnestly recom- ## p. 84 (#498) ############################################# 84 THE AUTHOR. mended for adoption by all writers on Oriental subjects. As one who has written and published a good deal on Indian languages, I am deeply impressed with the necessity of uniformity on this point— not for the sake of Oriental scholars, to whom, knowing as they do the words in their Oriental alphabets, transliteration is of little moment, but for the general public, who are apt to be bewil- dered by diversity of spelling. The system adopted by the Geneva Congress does not com- mend itself to me in every particular, and in such of my writings as are intended for students of Oriental languages only I could not conscien- tiously adopt some of the Roman equivalents proposed, as I consider them misleading. But in writing for the general public this objection would not arise, and the Geneva system might be used. I think, however, for general use the employment of dots and diacritical signs would have to be dispensed with, as the public would not understand them without previous study—and the public has no time to study such matters. In the Arabic language there are four letters, all of which in India are pronounced as z, three which are pronounced s, and two pronounced t. It would suffice to write all these letters as they are pronounced without putting dots under them. But then the four letters pronounced as z in India are pronounced differently in other Mahomedan countries. For instance, the name of the month during which all good Muslims fast is pronounced in India and Persia Ramzan, while in Arabia and Turkey it is pronounced Ramadhan (i.e., like the two English words "rummer " and "darn," not like "rammer" and "dan"). I do not think any system, except one which hideously distorted them, would enable the Englishman who is unac- quainted with Arabic to pronounce these words properly at sight—one would not like to see the word written " rummer darn!" The short indis- tinct vowel which is so very frequent in Oriental languages creates a great difficulty. The sound of it is exactly the same as the u in English bun, sun, run. It is also the same as the unac- cented e in the French le, jc, me; and the half audible c at the end of German eine, meine, gate. But it is also the same as the final unaccented a in America, woman. Consequently the Geneva Congress, following an already established rule, has adopted a to express this sound, and this course is now followed by all Oriental scholars. French writers (not scholars), however, use e. Thus the general whose name we should pro- nounce in India as Uzzum Pasha, appears in Thessaly as Edhem, and Muhammad is written Mehemet. While, therefore, absolute uniformity is,per haps, not likely to be attained soon, it might be an advantage if the alphabet adopted by the Geneva Congress were made more geuerally known, and used by English writers at least. Foreign writers may perhaps in time consent to use it also. John Beames. Netherclay House, Bishop's Hull, Taunton, July 6. VI.—Subjunctive Mood: Its Present Day Use. Your correspondent might have ascertained Mr. Lang's views on this subject by a shorter process than the study of 68,000 words. "I," says Prince Prigio, "unworthy as I am, represent the sole hope of the Royal Family. Therefore to send me after the Fired rake were* both dangerous and unnecessary." To which the author appends a note: *" Subjunctive mood! He was a great grammarian!" Apparently a suspicion of priggishness attaches at the present day even to the use of "the sub- junctive of to be after if." E. C. S. VII.—Cost of Production. In re the letter of "S. R.," published on page 38 of the current issue of The Author, I think he is quite wrong in his deduction that because a decent publisher declines to accept a book that therefore it is not worth publishing! Not so, friend " S. R."! However meritorious a book is, many publishers will not accept it unless the author has already a well-known name in the literary world, as they think that without this the work will not "catch on." The commercial side comes in, you see, and publishers will not take the first plunge. The refusal of a book by a decent publisher is no sign that it is not worth publishing, for it is not its literary merit so much as the status of the author that the publisher considers. Many historic cases—" Vanity Fair," "Jane Eyre," &c. — prove this. My own book, "Fisherman Fancies," Elliot Stock declined to bring out at his own risk, and yet it was much praised by Mr. R. D. Blackmore, and had capital reviews from good London and provincial journals. F. B. Doveton. VIII—How Long? Here is another choice experience of the courtesy of editors. Last December I submitted a contribution to a weekly paper circulating in the parish where I reside. No acknowledgment was vouchsafed. After a couple of reminders, it ## p. 85 (#499) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 85 has to-day been sent back, declined with thanks. Seven months to consider a short story! It is difficult to believe that a small suburban news- paper can find any valid excuse for so long a detention of manuscript. C. C. Authors' Club, July 15. —■»•«> LITERATURE IN THE PERIODICALS. On Commencing Author. Quarterly Review for July. On the Complaints op Authors. A. T. Q. C Speaker for July 3. The Proposed School op Fiction. A. T. Quiller Coach. Pall Hall Magazine for Jaly. John Sterling, and a Correspondence between Sterling and Emerson. Edward Waldo Emerson. Atlantic Monthly for July. Some Reminiscences op English Journalism Sir Wemysa Reid. Nineteenth Century for July. Pascal. Leslie Stephen. Fortnightly Review for July. A Woman Poet [Mme. Marceline Valmore]. Fort- nightly Review for July. The paper in the Quarterly Review has been treated elsewhere (see Notes and News). A practical suggestion the Quarterly Review makes has regard to the work of agents. At the present time, many agents only look at the work of well-known people; but the writer seems to foresee considerable remuneration to a firm who will announce themselves as the depositaries of everything—sonnets, epics, turnovers for a paper, or anything else, by servant girls, duchesses, or eminent men. For these they would have to give an immediate receipt. They would be free to send back at once anything considered unmarketable. They would be at liberty to charge (say) ten per cent, on whatever they obtained for the item, and to pay themselves. There would be no temptation to dishonesty, because the action of the percentage and the immediate receipt for the document would be so self-working. It will be noticed that the idea is substantially that which Mr. Isidore G. Ascher put forward in the July number of The Author. Just before the latest Quarterly appeared, Mr. Quiller Couch had been writing his view that the commercial side of the literary calling has been too prominent of late. He believes " that writing has aims and rewards of its own which must and always will escape what I may call a bagman's estimate, and that if a man can only bring a bagman's estimate to this calling, a bag- man he had better be." The author and the publisher, is a case of the workman and the capitalist; and "give and take" is the best motto for each. There is a class of authors, one would point out to Mr. Couch, who take their money, as much as they can get, and then pretend not to care how much it is. There is, as a rule, no one more anxious for money than the writer who talks big about bagmen. Those who know how to separate literary from commercial value do not talk about the sordidness of keeping watch over property. An interesting friendship between Emerson and Sterling is revealed by Mr. E. Waldo Emerson. The correspondence (they never met) that passed between the American poet and the British man of letters, here published for the first time, shows their relations to have originated by Emerson sending a presentation copy of his "Essays." Sterling acknowledges this in a letter from Clifton, dated Sept. 30,1839. "I have read very, very little modern English writing that has pleased, me so much," he says; "among recent productions almost only those of our friend Carlyle, whose shaggy-browed and deep-eyed thoughts have often a likeDess to yours which is very attractive and impressive, neither evidently being the double of the other." Emerson, in re- plying, criticises Sterling's volume of poems, saying, "I must count him happy who has this delirious music in his brain;" and " I am natu- rally keenly susceptible of the pleasures of rhythm, and cannot believe but that one day—I ask not where or when—I shall attain to the speech of this splendid dialect." There are twenty letters altogether, eight of them Emerson's. They are made up of criticisms of literature, and passages of tender personal sympathy with trouble. "Ill-health, many petty concerns, much loco- motion, and infinite laziness," are Sterling's first excuse for delay; and the Eame reason of ill- health continues until in June, 1844, when he is dying, he writes from Ventnor that his condition is one of " expecting to be dead in five minutes, and noticing the pattern of the room paper and of the doctor's waistcoat as composedly as if the whole had been a dream." We find Sterling saying, in 1840, that "Hartley Cole- ridge, Alfred Tennyson, and Henry Taylor are the only younger men I now think of who have shown anything like genius, and the last— perhaps the most remarkable—has more of voli- tion and understanding than imagination." In 1842 Sterling thought of visiting New Eng- land. "Come and bring your scroll in hand," promptly writes the American sage. "Come to Boston and Concord, and I will go to Niagara with you. I have never been there." Again he writes, introducing his countryman Bronson Alcott as " a man who cannot write, but whose conver- sation is unrivalled in its way—such insight, such discernment of spirits, such pure intellectual play, such revolutionary impulses of thought." Another friend Emerson introduces is Henry James, of New ## p. 86 (#500) ############################################# 86 THE AUTHOR. York, "a man of ingenuous and liberal spirit, and a chief consolation to me when I visit his city." Here is one paragraph from a letter of Emerson's, dated January 31, 1844. I learned by your last letter that you had builded a house, and I glean from Russell all I can of your health and aspect; and as James is gone to your island, I think to come still nearer to you through his friendly and intelligent eyes. Send me a good gossiping letter, and prevent all my proxies. What can I tell you to invite such retaliation? I dwell with my mother, my wife, and two little girl -. the eldest five years old, in the midst of flowery fields. I wasted much time from graver work in the last two months in reading lectures to Lyceums far and near; for there is now a "lyceum," so oalled, in almost every town in New Eogland, and, if I would accept every invitation, I might read a lecture every night. My neighbours in this village of Concord are Ellery Cbanning, who sent his poems to you, a yontb of genius; Thoreau, whose name you may have Been in the Dial ; and Hawthorne, a writer of tales and historiettes, whose name you may not have Been, though he, too, prints books. All these three persons are superior to their writings, and, therefore, not obnoxious to Kant's observa- tion, " Detestable is the company of literary men." Emerson was trying to arrange for the printing of Sterling's poems in America, but the project hung fire. The reasons are given by Emerson in his letter of June 30, 1843, which shows the un- satisfactory state of the book law at that time: Oar whole foreign book market has suffered a revolution within eighteen months, by the new practice of printing whatever good books or vendible books you send ns, in the cheapest newspaper form, and hawking them in the streets at twelve, eighteen, and twenty-five cents the whole work; and I suppose that fears, if his book should prove popular, that it would be pirated at once. I printed Carlyle's •' Past and Present" two months ago, with a preface beseech- ing all honest men to spare our book; but already a wretched reprint has appeared, published, to be sure, by a man unknown to the trade, whose wretchedness of type and paper, I have hope, will still give my edition the market for all persons who have eyes and wish to keep them. But, beside the risk of piracy, this cheap system hurts the sale of dear books, or such whose price contains any profit to an author. Add one more unfavonrable incident whioh damped the design, that a Philadelphia edition of "Sterling's Poems " was published a year ago, though bo ill got up that it did not succeed well, our booksellers think. To judge from this year's issue of Professor Kiirschner's "Deutsche Litteratur Kalender," which has been fully described in this journal before, the guild of writers must be on the increase in Germany. It numbers sixty pages more than last year's issue, and contains much new and valuable information. The portraits inserted in the present volume are of special interest. The one facing the title-page represents the popular and prolific romancer Mas Ring, who, as we learn from Kiirschner, is a doctor of medicine, and will celebrate on the 4th of next month his eightieth birthday. Among his various successful novels the one entitled "John Milton und seine Zeit" has attracted in Germany particular attention. The second portrait is that of the well-known poet . Detlev von Liliencron. As for the rest, the useful literary and biographical annual fully maintains its standard, and we may cordially recommend it to all who take an interest in current German literature. PERSONAL. "|V TE- GEORGE SMITH gave a dinner at IVI the Hotel Mctropole, on July 8, to his friends and the contributors to the "Dictionary of National Biography." In pro- posing the health of Mr. Sidney Lee, Mr. Smith said that twenty-one volumes of the "Dic- tionary" had appeared under the editorship of Mr. Leslie Stephen, with the assistance of Mr. Sidney Lee; five were edited jointly by Mr. Stephen and Mr. Lee; and twenty-five had been produced under the editorship of Mr. Lee. The number of contributors was 634; and each volume contained between 400 and 500 separate biogra- phies. Mr. Lee, in replying to the toast, said that when ill-health unhappily compelled Mr. Stephen to retire from the editorship, it was the force of his example that had enabled him to carry the work forward to the stage it had reached. Mr. Stephen also acknowledged the toast. Mr. Lee gave " The Health of the Con- tributors," and Canon Ainger replied. "The Guests who were not Contributors" was proposed by the Chairman, who coupled with it the names of Viscount Peel and Mr. Lecky. One of the most remarkable features of the time, said Mr. Lecky, was the manner in which individual exer- tion had been replaced by corporate work, by syndicates and companies. It was old fashioned now to think that a history could only be written by one hand in a uniform style. The Tennyson Memorial in the Isle of Wight will be unveiled by Lady Tennyson, and dedicated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, on Friday, the 6th inst., at 3 p.m. It is placed in Freshwater Down, the favourite walk of the late Laureate. Mark Twain has declined the fund which was set on foot for him by the New York Herald, and supported in London by the Westminster Gazette. A man who is able to work, he says, should not accept charity. The appeal was meeting with ready response. A successful Dickens fete was held at Broad- stairs in the first week of July. The principal feature was a fancy dress bazaar, in which the stall-holders impersonated characters in the novelist's books. The proceeds will be devoted to erecting a club-house and other buildings in memory of Charles Dickens. ## p. 87 (#501) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 87 OBITUARY. MISS JEAN INGELOW died at Kensing- ton on July 20, at the age of seventy- seven. She came, like Tennyson, of a Lincolnshire family (her mother was a Scotch, woman of literary inclinations), and was one of a banker's eleven children. Her first volume which attained fame was "Poems" (1863), which has been popular through the half century that has elapsed since. This was her second work, the first, "A Rhyming Chronicle of Incidents and Feelings," having been published anonymously in 1850. "The Brothers," " Divided," and " Songs of Seven" were likewise well received; and Mr. Swinburne, for one, paid very high praise to "Requiescat in Pace." Both in this country and in the United States her works com- manded large sale in the sixties and seventies. Her stories in blank verse included " Lawrance" and "Gladys and Her Island "; "Supper at the Mill" and "Afternoon at a Parsonage" were dainty sketches. The poem by which Miss Ingelow is best known is "High Tide on the Coast of Lincolnshire," which is a favourite piece with public reciters. She also wrote fairy stories for children and novels for the young. "Off the Skelligs" was perhaps her best prose work. Miss Ingelow seldom revised her poems after she had once committed them to paper. She shunned publicity, and was a generous friend of the poor. Sir John Skelton, K.C.B., LL.D., Advocate, late Vice-President of the Local Government Board for Scotland, died in his native city, Edin- burgh, on the 20th ult., aged sixty-six. He was the author of several books on public health and the poor law; of "Nugse Criticse," a volume of essays published in 1862; and of historical and other works, including " A Campaigner at Home," "The Impeachment of Mary Stuart," " Maitland of Lethington and the Scotland of Mary Stuart," "Mary Stuart," "Essays in Romance," and one novel, "Crookit Meg." It was Disraeli's admiration for "Crookit Meg" that removed the young barrister from Parliament House at Edinburgh to be Secretary of the old Board of Supervision. His latest work was "Table Talk of Shirley" (1895), of which a second series appeared last winter. This work contains reminiscences of some of the foremost writers of the present reign. Dr. Skelton was a consistent admirer of the unfortunate Queen of Scots, but this did not interfere with his close friendship with Froude. Under the pseudonym of " Shirley" lie was a frequent contributor to Frasers and Blackwood's. He was the original of Lord Glenalmond in Stevenson's" Weir of Hermiston." "' Shirley' is the last of them," the late Miss Isabella Blackwood used to say in speaking of the former but departed glories of literary Edinburgh. Sir John Charles Bucknill, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S., who died at Bournemouth on the 19th ult., aged seventy-nine, originated, in 1853, the Journal of Mental Science—which for nine years he edited, was one of the original editors—and Brain; and wrote numerous psychological works. The most important of these are: "Unsound- ness of Mind in Relation to Criminal Acts," "The Mad Folk of Shakespeare," "Notes on American Asylums," "Habitual Drunkards and Insane Drunkards," and " Care of the Insane and their Legal Control." THE BOOKS OP THE MONTH. [June 24 to July 23.—154 Books.] About, Edmond. The King of the Mountains, [trans, by Richard Davey.] 3/6. Heinemann. Allen, Grant. An African Millionaire. 6'- Richards. Allingham, Francis. Crooked Paths. 6/- Longmans. Aloysius, Slater Mary. Memories of the Crimea. Burns and Oates. Anglican, An. Some Thoughts on the Third Order of St. Francis. I/- Skeffington. Anonymous. A Catalogue of the Egyptian Antiquities in tho Posses- sion of F. G. Hilton Price. Quaritch. Anonymous [*'E."]. Peggy's Decision. 1/- Simpkin. Anonymous. Notes on tho Painted Glass in Canterbury Cathedral. Canterbury: E. Crow. AnonymouB. The Oxford Debate on tho Textual Criticisms of the New Testament. Bell. Anonymous [•'One of H. M.'s servants."] The Private Life of tho Queen. 2/6. Pearson. Armitage, E. S. A Key to English Antiquities, with special reference to the Sheffield and Roiherham District. 7, - Sheffield: W, Townsend. ABtlns, G. S. Wayside Echoes. 2/- King, Sell, and Railton. Austin, Alfred. Victoria: June 20, 1S37—June 20, 1897. 6d. Macmillan. Bailey, James. Sunday School Teaching. 1/6. R. Cully. Barnes, W. E. An Apparatus Criticus to Chronicles in the Pesbitta Version. 5/- Clay. Harnett. P. A. (ed.) Teaching and Organisation. 6/6. Longmans. Barr, Robert. Tho Mutable Many, (i - Methueu. Bathurst, J. K. The Royal Houses of Great Britain. Genealogical Chart, with notes. Comparative Synoptical Chart Company. Be a van, A. A. Popular Royalty. 10 6. Low. Bell, R. S. Warren. The Cub in Love and Other Stories. 18. Richards. Bellamy, Edward. Equality 0 - Heinemann. Besant, Sir W. The Queen's Reign and its Commemoration. The Werner Company. Bingham, Clive. With the Turkish Army in Thessaly. C tj net. Macmillan. Blrrel), Augustine. Four Lectures on the Law of Employers' Liability at Home and Abroad. 2/6. Macmillan. Boae. W. P. Du. The Ecumenical Councils. 6 - Edinburgh: Clark. Bower, Marfan. The Story of Molly. 3;(J. Andrews. Brown, J. D., and Stratton, S. S. British Musical Biography. 10,6 net. Birmingham: S. S. Stratton. Browning, Oscar (ed.) The Journal of Sir George Rooke, Admiral of the Fleet. Navy Records Society. Bryant, Sophie. The Teaching of Morality in the Family and the School. 8/- Sonnenschein. Bryden, H. A. The Victorian Era in South Africa. Offices of African Criiic. Caine, Caisar (editor). AnaVcta Eboracensia: Some Hemaynesof the Ancient City of York. 42 - Phillimore. Cameron, MrB. Lovott. A Man's Undoing. White. Campbell, C. T. British South Africa: A History of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope. 7 C. Haddon Campbell, F. Index-Catalogue of Bibliographical Works (chiefly in the English language) relating to India. Library Bureau. ## p. 88 (#502) ############################################# 88 THE AUTHOR. Cavalry Officer, A. Cavalry Titetics. 4 - Stanford. Clarke, L. W. Tlie Miracle Play in England. 3/6. Andrews. Cocking. B. D. A Primer of French Etymology. 1/6. Innes. Cotton, John. Thoughts and Fancies. Simpkin. Cowell, E. B. (ed.) The Jataka. Vol. III. 12/6. Clay. Crawford, J. W. Wild Flowers of Scotland. 6/- net. Hacqueen. Davenport, Cyril. The English Regalia. 21 - net. Kegan Paul. Donaldson, T. Walt Whitman, The Man. 6/- (lay and Bird. Druery, O. T. The New Gulliver, or Travels in Athomia. 3/6. Roxburghe. Earlo, Mrs. C. W. Pot-Pourri from a Surrey Oarden. 7/6. Smith, Elder. England, Frances. Small Concerns. 1/- Dlgby. Farquharson, C. D. The Federation of the Powers. 1/- Warno. Forlong, J. G. R. Short StudieB in the Science of Comparative Bcligion, embracing all the religions of Asia. Quaritch. Fowler, Edith H. The Professor's Children. 6/- Longmans. Oarbctt, Captain H. 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F., Queen, Empress, and Empire." ## p. 88 (#503) ############################################# ADV Now Ready, Crown 8vo., Cloth Boards, Silver Price 68. A LADY OF WAI "A Story of the Siege of Chester, 1i BY THE Rev. VINCENT J. LEATHERDAL London: Horace eox, Windsor House, Bream'e-tmili SEMENTS. Ill Now ready, demy 8vo., cloth boards, price 10s IN NEW SOUTH AFf Travels in the Transvaal and Rhoa With Map and Twenty-six Illustrations. By H. LINCOLN TAN In demy 8vo., price 12s. net, by poet 12s. 6d. Six Months in a Syrian Monastery. Being the Record of a Visit to the Headquarters of the Syrian Church in Mesopotamia, with some account of the Yazidis, or Devil Worshippers of Mosul, and El Jilwah, their Sacred Book. By OSWALD H. PARRY, B.A. (Of Magdalen College, Oxford.) Illustrated by the Author. With a Prefatory Note by the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Durham. 41 The author of this handsome volume presents 1 a detailed study of a relic of history pursued off the track of general research;' he has sought to give, and has succeeded in giving. 'a picture of quiet life in a country much abused, and among a people that command less than their share of ordinary interest.' 1 Westward the tide of Empire takei its way,' sang a prophetic divine of the olden days, and no less certainly, as Mr. Parry points out, does the ebb of travel roturn towards the East. ... As a volume descriptive of life and travel among a distant people, his work is welt worth reading, but for those persons who are more particularly concerned with the old Syrian Church, or in the solution of the problem indicated above, it is one of quite unique attraction. A pathetic interest attaches to the account of the YazidiB included in this volume for it contains part of their sacred writings, the original manuscript of which was in the hands of Professor Robertson Smith for translation at the time of his death.' —Publisher? Circular, CONTENTS. Introductory. PART I. Chapter I.—The Land of Gold and the Way there. II.—Across Desert and Veldt. III. —Johannesburg the Golden. IV. —A Transvaal Coach Journey. V.—Natal: the South African Garden. VI.—Ostracised in Africa. Home with the Swalt PART II —RAMBLES IS RHODESIA Chapter L—Eendragt Maakt Magt. ,, IL—Into the Country of Lobengula. III.—The Trail of War. ,, IV.—Gold mining. Ancient and Modern. V.—Sic Transit Gloria Mundi. „ VI.—To Northern Mashonaland. „ VIL—Primitive Art. The Misadventures of a Wa Index. London: H0Ri.cs Cox, Windsor House, Bream's-builc Crown 8vo., cloth boards, price 6s. HATHERSAC A Tale of North Derbyshij BY CHARLES EDMUND H Author of " An Ancient AnoeBtor," ftc| London: HORACE Cox, Wlnd»or House, Breun's-bull London: Horace Cox, Windsor House, Bream's-buildings, E.C. Eoyal 8vo., price 16s. net. SPORTING DAYS IN SOUTHERN INDIA: BEING REMINISCENCES OF TWENTY TRIPS IN PURSUIT OF BIG GAME, CHIEFLY IN THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY. Lieut.-Col. A. J. O. POLLOCK, Eoyal Scots Fusiliers. WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS BY WHYMPER AND OTHERS. Contents. Chapters I., II., and III—The Bear. IV. and V.—The Panther. VI., VII., and VIII.—The Tiger. IX. and X.—The Indian Bison. XI. and XII.—The Elephant. XHI.—Deer (CervicUe) and Antelopes. XIV. —The Ibex. XV. and XVI.—Miscellaneous. ndon : Horace Cox, Windsor House, Bream's-buildings, E.C. ## p. 88 (#504) ############################################# ADVErERTKNTS. IV THE TEMPLE 1 UTING OFFICE. § kail | rpYPEWEITING EXCEPTIONALLY ACCTJ T| fl KriceB. Duplicates of Circulars by the latest | ^ ■> ,_.TrT,-r>V ITT DON C <J, 1< .L. 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Title A name given to the resource The Author, Vol. 08 Issue 03 (August 1897) Subject The topic of the resource The Author, Vol. 08 Issue 03 (August 1897) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049239455" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049239455</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1897-08-02-The-Author-8-3 publications The Author