https://historysoa.com/files/original/5/267/1894-08-01-The-Author-5-3.pdf 00434cab0194b0a82cb4148afa33de88 PDF Text Text ���������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em> Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, <em>The Author</em>, 1890<span>–</span>1914, made available together for the first time.<br /><br />Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&amp;collection=&amp;type=&amp;tags=&amp;exhibit=&amp;date_search_term=&amp;submit_search=Search+For+Items&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1894-08-01 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages Page range in volume 61–88 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18940801 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin C be El u t b or, (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CON DU CTED BY WALTER BES.A.N.T. Vol. v.–No. 3] AUGUST 1, 1894. [PRICE SIXPENCE. For the Opinions eaſpressed in papers that are signed or initialled the Authors alone are responsible. None of the papers or para- graphs must be taken as earpressing the collective opinions of the committee unless they are officially signed by G. Herbert Thring, Sec. HE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all remittances are acknowledged by returm of post, and requests that all members not receiving an answer to important communications within two days will write to him without delay. All remittances showld be crossed Union Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered letter only. Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub- jects whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS. WARNINGS AND ADVICE, I. T is not generally understood that the author, as the vendor, has the absolute right of drafting the agreement upon whatever terms the transaction is to be carried out. - Authors are strongly advised to exercise that right. In every form of business, this among others, the right of drawing the agreement rests with him who sells, leases, or has the control of the property. 2. SERIAL RIGHTS.–In selling Serial Rights remember that you may be selling the Serial Right for all time; that is, the Right to continue the production in papers. If you object to this, insert a clause to that effect. 3. STAMP YOUR AGREEMENTS. – Readers are most URGENTLY warned not to neglect stamping their agreements immediately after signature. If this precaution is neglected for two weeks, a fine of £10 must be paid before the agree- ment can be used as a legal document. In almost every case brought to the secretary the agreement, or the letter which serves for one, is forwarded without the stamp. The author may be assured that the other party to the agree- ment seldom neglects this simple precaution. The Society, to save trouble, undertakes to get all the agreements of members stamped for them at no ea pense to themselves eacept the cost of the stamp. 4. ASCERTAIN WHAT A PROPOSED AGREEMENT GIVEs To BOTH SIDES BEFORE SIGNING IT.-Remember that an arrangement as to a joint venture in any other kind of busi- ness whatever would be instantly refused should either party WOL. W. " . ; refuse to show the books or to let it be known what share he reserved for himself. - 5. LITERARY AGENTs.-Be very careful. You cannot be too careful as to the person whom you appoint as yowr agent. Remember that you place your property almost un- reservedly in his hands. Your only safety is in consulting the Society, or some friend who has had personal experience of the agent. Do not trust advertisements alone. 6. COST OF PRODUCTION.——Never sign any agreement of which the alleged cost of production forms an integral part, until you have proved the figures. 7. CHOICE OF PUBLISHERS.–Never enter into any cor- respondence with publishers, especially with those who ad- vertise for MSS., who are not recommended by experienced friends or by this Society. 8. FuTURE WORK.—Never, on any account whatever, bind yourself down for future work to anyone. 9. PERSONAL RISK.—Never accept any pecuniary risk or responsibility whatever without advice. +. • ‘ Io. REJECTED MSS.—Never, when a MS. has been re- fused by respectable houses, pay others, whatever promises they may put forward, for the production of the work. * II. AMERICAN RIGHTS.—Never sign away American rights. Reep them by special clause. Refuse to sign any agreement containing a clause which reserves them for the publisher, unless for a substantial consideration. a 12. CESSION OF COPYRIGHT.-Never sign any paper, either agreement or receipt, which gives away copyright, without advice. 13. ADVERTISEMENTs. --Reep some control over the advertisements, if they affect your returns, by a clause in the agreement. I4. NEVER forget that publishing is a business, like any other business, totally unconnected with philanthropy charity, or pure love of literature. You have to do with business men. Be yourself a business man. g Society’s Offices :- * 4, PORTUGAL STREET, LINCOLN's INN FIELDs. *~ * –” z- - - HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY. & . I. VERY member has a right to ask for and to receive advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub. lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his business or the administration of his property. If the advice sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member has a right to an opinion from the Society’s solicitors. If the case is such that Counsel's opinion is desirable, the Comº mittee will obtain for him Counsel’s opinion. . . All this without any cost to the member. - - . . . ; . . . . . . . . - G 2  ## p. 62 (#76) ############################################## 62 TILE AUTIIOR. 2. Remember that questions connected with copyright and publisher's agreements do not generally fall within the experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually engaged upon such questions for us. 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books represented. This is in order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree- ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor- mation thus obtained may prove invaluable. 4. If the examination of your previous business trans- actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should take advice as to a change of publishers. 5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro- posed document to the Society for examination. 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks of every publish- ing firm in the country. 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen- dence of the writer. 8. Send to the Editor of the Author notes of everything important to literature that you may hear or meet with. *-- - -* ,- w -s. THE AUTHORS’ SYNDICATE, EMBERS are informed : - I. That the Authors' Syndicate takes charge of the business of members of the Society. With, when necessary, the assistance of the legal advisers of the Symdi- cate, it concludes agreements, collects royalties, examines and passes accounts, and generally relieves members of the trouble of managing business details. 2. That the expenses of the Authors' Syndicate are defrayed solely out of the commission charged on rights placed through its intervention. Notice is, however, hereby given that in all cases where there is no current account, a booking fee is charged to cover postage and porterage. 3. That the Authors' Syndicate works for none but those members of the Society whose work possesses a market value. . . 4. That the Syndicate can only undertake any negotiation whatever on the distinct understanding that those negotia- tions are placed exclusively in its hands, and that all communications relating thereto are referred to it. 5. That clients can only be seen by the Director by appointment, and that, when possible, at least four days’ notice should be given. 6. That every attempt is made to deal with the corre- spondence promptly, but that owing to the enormous number ºf letters received, some delay is inevitable. That stamps should, in all cases, be sent to defray postage. 4. 7. That the Authors' Syndicate does not invite MSS. without previous correspondence, and does not hold itself responsible for MSS. forwarded without notice. - 8. That the Syndicate undertakes arrangements for lectures by some of the leading members of the Society; that it has a “Transfer Department’’ for the sale and purchase of journals and periodicals; and that a “Register of Wants and Wanted * has been opened. Members anxious to obtain literary or artistic work are invited to com- municate with the Manager. - There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in the Syndicate. NOTICES, Tº: Editor of the Author begs to remind members of the Society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and communications on all subjects connected with literature from members and others. Nothing can do more good to the Society than to make the Author complete, attractive, and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this work send their names and the special subjects on which they are willing to write P - Communications for the Author should reach the Editor not later than the 21st of each month. All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate to the Editor any points connected with their work which it would be advisable in the general interest to publish. Members and others who wish their MSS. read are requested not to send them to the Office without previously communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in which they are received. It must also be distinctly under- stood that the Society does not, under any circumstances, undertake the publication of MSS. The Authors’ Club is now open in its new premises, at 3, Whitehall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary for information, rules of admission, &c. Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they have paid their subscriptions for the year P If they will do this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker's order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the trouble of sending out a reminder. Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the warning numbered (8). It is a most foolish and may be a most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest ? Of course they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign them- selves into literary bondage for three or five years P Those who possess the “Cost of Production ” are requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15 per cent. This means, for those who do not like the trouble of “doing sums,” the addition of three shillings in the pound on this head. In other words, if the cost of binding is set down in our book at eight pounds, to this must now be added twenty-four shillings more, so that it now stands at £9 4s. The figures in our book are as near the exact truth as can be procured; but a printer's, or a binder's, bill is so clastic a thing that nothing more exact can be arrived at. Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged in the “Cost of Production” for advertising. Of course, we have not included any sums which may be charged for inserting advertisements in the publisher's own magazines, or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too  ## p. 63 (#77) ############################################## TIIE AUTIIOIP. 63 often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket, by inserting any number of advertisements in his own magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it. *-* * *-*. LITERARY PROPERTY. I.—THE THREE-VoI,UME Nov FL. T a meeting of the Council of the Authors’ Society it was Resolved that: “The Council, after taking the opinion of several prominent novelists and other members of the Society, and, finding them almost unani- mously opposed to the continuance of the three volume system, considers that the disadvantages of that system to authors and to the public far outweigh its advantages; that for the convenience of the public, as well as for the widest possible circulation of a novel, it is desirable that the artificial form of edition produced for a small body of readers only be now abandoned; and that the whole of the reading public should be placed at the outset in possession of the work at a moderate price.” A very large majority of the opinions received, including those of the leading novelists, was in favour of the resolution. Only one opinion was opposed to it, and desired to support the three volume system. By order, G. HERBERT TIIRING. The Resolution passed at the meeting of the council on Monday, July 23, was, so to speak, dictated by the novelists who are members of the Society. A “private and confidential” circular setting forth the main facts of the case and the principal points open to discussion, was sent by order of the Chairman to all novelists on the roll of the Society, asking for an opinion. The answers received gave the opinions of most leading novelists, together with those of many others likely to be affected by the action of the libraries. One or two left the matter open; one, especially, pointed out—which is perfectly true— that the abolition of the three-volume form would make a beginning more difficult than ever for a young writer. One desired the continuance of the present plan; the rest were all against it, and wrote in support of the one-volume form. So that the persons most concerned in the matter have pronounced almost unanimously in favour of the one-volume and against the three-volume form. - Several points of interest have been raised, not only in these replies, but also in the discussions on the subject which have been carried on in the newspapers. For instance, more than one critic has advocated the one-volume form simply because it will make the novel shorter. But it has not yet produced that effect. There is no rule as to 1-ngth; novels in one volume are very often as long as novels in three. Moreover, it is possible for a novel to be quite short, and yet very ill-constructed. Again, it has been pointed out that the large type and lightness of the book make the three-volume form useful for invalids, but then many books in one volume are also in large type, and light to hold. - The point concerning the beginner is strong and interesting. At first sight one asks why a beginner has a better chance under the old system. The reason will be seen by a little study of figures. Without advertising, a small edition of a three-volume novel can be produced for something less than £90, those copies only being bound that are wanted. If the libraries take I 30 copies only at 14s. the cost is more than covered: anything over is profit. A single volume, half the length of the above, costs, without mºulding, stereotyping, or advertising, about £7O for an edition of IOOO. Now a beginner's three-volume novel is sometimes considered to be sufficiently advertised by being placed in the boxes and on the lists of the libraries. As a rule the houses which produce these works find it to their interest to expend very little money in advertising them. But a single volume wants to be advertised. Suppose only £20 spent in adver- tising such a book. Over 500 copies must be taken before the cost is covered. If the work is moulded and stereotyped at a cost of £12 more, 600 copies will be wanted to clear the cost. Who will take these copies of a book by an unknown writer, unless he happens to be very good indeed P And of course a publisher does not publish in the hope of merely paying his expenses. Now a book by a new writer which exhausts the first edition does exceptionally well. These figures show, therefore, that it is easier to enter by the old way than by the new. The strongest point brought out is the strange fact, which so few have understood, that under the old system novelists positively do not offer their books to the world at all, but only to the limited number of those who subscribe to the libraries— perhaps 60,000 in all—say, 240,000 readers. The rest of the world must wait—the whole vast army of those who read in this country and in India and in Australia and the colonies, must wait— until the cheap edition appears. This is an enormous privilege to the libraries. What cor- responding advantage does it give to the author P  ## p. 64 (#78) ############################################## 64 THE AUTHOR. Noue, apparently. What to the publisher ? None, apparently. There is another point still. The best chance for the beginner has hitherto been with one or two houses which have been privileged to send a certain number of any novel issued by them to one of the libraries. This was clearly a privilege —it is understood to be now at an end—which might be abused in two ways; first, to the detri- ment of literature by the production of rubbish; next, to the detriment of the author, for it was not necessary to advertise him, or to take any steps to make him known, or to give him a cheap edition. Both these things have, in fact, happened. There are a certain number of novelists wholly unknown to the world at large, whose works, good or bad, appear only in a very limited three- volume edition and are heard of only by a brief notice in the Athenæum. Will these authors vanish P Since the privilege has ceased it is probable that the demand for them by the libraries will also cease or be reduced to such narrow limits as to make the vanishing not only of the author, but of the publisher, a certainty. In the long run it will be better for everybody, because the author, if only for self-preservation, will become far more careful over his work, and there will be a survival of the fittest. Yet the three-volume novel will not suddenly disappear. There will still be a demand, especially among sick people, for that form of reading which demands no thought and not much attention; which diverts the mind without fatigue; which transports the reader to another and a more pleasant atmosphere, with a book easy to hold, light, and in large print. It is not a highly dignified function to amuse the weakened in mind and body by illness, but it is at all events useful, and so long as libraries give enough to the publisher to make it worth his while to continue, and the publisher gives the author enough to make it worth his while to continue, the old system will probably be carried on. The appeal to the whole world of readers opens up a great field for speculation. Will the world of readers respond? Remember that it is not a sudden and an unexpected appeal. We have experience: we can answer confidently that in the case of favourite authors readers certainly will respond. And an author can now create his reputation so rapidly—one could point to many reputations made within the last year or two—that there seems to be no fear about the future of the better class of writers. Unknown authors, and those who have their reputation still to make, will certainly not leap into popularity by the mere fact of being issued in one volume; nor will the public buy a book by an unknown writer at six shillings any more readily than at thirty shillings. Objection has been taken to the Resolution on the ground that publishers, since they buy the books, have the sole right to manage their own property. Quite true, if they buy the books. But they do not. Except in a very few cases they issue the books on a royalty system. There are two or three publishers who buy, and these will doubt- less continue to manage their own property in their own way; it is a good plan—in some cases the best plan—for the author to sell his book, provided he knows what he is about, or works by means of a man of business who knows the meaning of literary property. But in most cases the royalty is the system, and on this system, which is one of joint adventure, with a fiduciary obligation on the publisher, the author has undoubtedly the right to consider the administration of his own property. What certain papers do not realise is the change that has of late come upon the whole business of publishing—the greater independence of the author, his claims to open partnership, his knowledge of a business which has hitherto been kept profoundly secret, the rush of new pub- lishers, and the increased competition. - The last point to consider is the price of the future. Since below a certain level nobody buys books at all, it would be absurd to make books too cheap. Besides, a thing of little price is apt to be lightly regarded. We must, however, remember that for most people six shillings is a good deal to pay, even reduced to 4s. 6d., for an author unless one greatly desires to possess him. We may also remember that the area of readers extends every year by hundreds of thousands; that the free libraries as well as the schools are doing us an immense service in continually enlarging this field, and that the taste for reading brings with it the desire for possession. It seems, there- fore, safe to predict that books desirous of speak- ing to many—what book is not so desirous P- will be issued at such a price as to be within the reach of many; that the six-shilling book will before long become the three-shilling book ; that where a popular writer is now advertised to be in his sixtieth edition he will then be in his six hundredth. There is absolutely no limit to the enlargement of the vast circle of readers who, in fifty years will be calling for the work of a popular writer, living or dead. It is ten years since some of us recognised this truth and pro- claimed it. During these ten years we have again and again proclaimed it. Those who cannot get outside of London; those who know nothing about the extent and the needs of the Empire, or even of this little island; those who are still governed by the prejudice of believing that below a certain  ## p. 65 (#79) ############################################## THE AUTHOR. 65 line everybody reads “slush ’’ if he reads any- thing; cannot be made to understand this fact. How the literature of the future will be affected by this increased demand is another question. Mean- time, we have to deal with the wants of the present, which seems to ask for a book which costs four and sixpence, while the circle is being enlarged. As for the circulating libraries, they must con- tinue in some form or other, because reading is now a habit, a recognised way, in country places, at least, of spending part of the day; and all the popular writers together cannot produce enough material to fill up that part of the day all the year round. II.-Ass IGNMENT OF CONTRACT. The following is a case submitted to counsel as to the right of assigning an agreement to pub- lish : - Instructions from Solicitor to Counsel. Counsel will see from the agreement, that the author agreed to grant the right of publication of a work to the publishers until the number of copies sold should have reached 6ooo, all details of the publishing—as to size, price, and advertising, &c. —being left to the publishers, who agreed to publish a cheap edition of the said work at their own expense and risk, and to pay to the author one-half of the net profits arising from sales, the author reserving to himself the right of publish- ing an édition de luate of the work. And counsel will observe that there are provisions in the contract as to rendering of accounts, &c. Subsequent to the date of the contract the publishers, formerly a private firm, were formed into a limited company under a name corre- sponding with the name of the private firm, with the addition of the word “Limited.” All the business, goodwill, &c., was taken over by the limited company, but no express notice of this appears to have been given to the authors of books which the old firm were publishing, or, at any rate, no such notice was received by the author in question. After the date of the transfer of the business to a limited company, however, the author received from the company a letter inclosing account of sales, &c., up to date, and signed by the name of the firm, with the addition of the word “limited,” one of the former partners signing the letter as “Managing Director.” This appears to have been the first opportunity given to the author of ascertaining that the publishers had become a limited company, as he states that he had heard nothing of the matter previously: but even on the receipt of the accounts he did not observe the alteration in the firm, and therefore took no objection to his book being continued to be published by the limited company. Counsel will consider whether the fact of this letter having been received must be taken to be notice to the author of the change in the firm, and, if so, whether the author must be taken to have acquiesced in the publication of his book by the limited company, and is so estopped from taking objection to the book having been assigned to the limited company without his consent, and to its being published by them. From the time of receiving the accounts a year or two passed, and then the limited company got into difficulties. A receiver and manager was appointed by the Chancery Division in an action commenced by debenture-holders, and later on a resolution was passed for voluntary winding-up, and the same gentleman was appointed liquidator as had been appointed receiver. On hearing of this the author wrote to the receiver and manager protesting against his book having been assigned to the limited com- pany without his consent. According to an account rendered to the author by the receiver there was up to the date of his appointment a loss on the book. Counsel will please advise : I. Assuming the author is not to be taken to have acquiesced in the transaction, and to be estopped from objecting, whether he had the right to object to his book having been assigned to a limited company, and if he is estopped from making this objection ? 2. Can he object to the liquidator and receiver of the company continuing to sell the book P *- 3. Whether the liquidator and receiver is liable to pay the share of profits in full from the date of his appointment P 4. Would the parties be entitled to go on selling for an unlimited time in the present state of affairs, i.e., while the business of the company is being carried on by a receiver ? 5. If the company were reconstructed, would they be entitled to go on selling P - 6. Would the liquidator and receiver be entitled to make over the book to another publishing firm without the consent of the author P w Counsel's Opinion. I. Whenever the due execution of a contract involves the personal skill and ability of one con- tracting party, he cannot assign the contract to a stranger without the consent of the other con- tracting party. In this case the author bargained for the personal skill and attention of the pub- lishers whom he selected ; and he cannot be com- pelled to accept the skill and attention of some substitute whom they select. But as, in all probability, some, if not all, the  ## p. 66 (#80) ############################################## 66 THE AUTIIOR. members of the original firm entered into the employ of the new company, and some, if not all. of the persons employed by the former firm continued to do for the company precisely the same work as they had done previously for the firm, the court will presume on very slight evidence that the author assented to, or acquiesced in, the assignment of his contract to the limited company. Such an assignment would not appreciably affect the prospects of a profit being earned. In this case I think it would be held that the author did so acquiesce, or that, at all events, he is estopped by his conduct from denying that he acquiesced. 2. Assuming, then, that the author acquiesced in the assignment of the contract to the new company, it follows that he cannot object to the liquidator and receiver doing any act reasonably necessary for proper realisation of the assets of the company in liquidation. The receiver has, in my opinion, the right to sell any copies of the book which were in stock at the date of the petition, and probably also to bind up any quires printed at that date: but he may not, in my opinion, create any new copies by printing a fresh edition from stereos. 3. If any profit were made by the receiver selling the copies which were in type at the date of the petition, I incline to think that the author would be entitled to receive his share of the profits in full from that date; but I express no confident opinion on this. I fear the point will not arise. Should the receiver publish a fresh edition with the author's consent, then I am clear that the author would be entitled to receive his half of the profits of that edition in full. 4. The receiver is entitled, in my opinion, to go on selling the copies which were in type at the date of the petition, for such period as is properly occupied by the winding-up of the affairs of the company. 5. If the company were reconstructed, the new company thus constructed would, in my opinion, have no right to print any further copies of the book. The new company could buy the stock of the old company, and sell it to the public ; but could create no fresh copies without the permis- sion of the author. 6. The liquidator can sell the stock of the old company to anyone he pleases; he cannot convey to anyone any right to create new copies of the book. (Signed) W. BLAKE ODGERs, Q.C. 4, Elm-court, Temple, E.C. July, 3, 1894. s-ºr-º- ºr- III.—CANADIAN CoPYRIGHT. The following is a copy of counsel’s opinion on Canadian copyright from the fresh papers put before him. It will be seen that the position of affairs is very little altered from the English author's standpoint, as he is the person, coupled, perhaps, with the Canadian public generally, who will suffer most by the proposed change of law in Canada. • Counsel's Opinion. The new documents before me consist of (I.) A copy of a memorandum by Sir John Thompson dealing with the report of the Depart- mental Committee on Canadian Copyright, and (2.) A clause in the Canadian Tariff Bill which proposes, after March 27, 1895, to remove the ad valorem duty payable on foreign reprints payable under the Canadian Act of 1868. Sir John Thompson's memorandum does not deal with the details of the Canadian Act of 1889, but is an attempt to answer some of the objections to the principle of that Bill set forth in the departmental committee report, and to show that the Canadian Legislature ought to be allowed to repeal the Copyright Act of 1842 so far as regards Canada, and to deprive the British author of his rights in order to foster the Canadian printing and publishing interests. It does not appear to me that I can usefully follow all the arguments contained in the memo. randum on the above question, or that it is within the scope of my instructions to do so. They are all based on the fallacy that the Canadian publishers and printers have some inherent right to have the profit of publishing and printing the works of British authors, and that if the latter do not find it necessary or convenient to publish or print in Canada the Canadian Legislature has a right to make them do so, and that to deny them this right is to deprive them of the benefit of self-government. Such arguments (even when supported appa- rently by a threat of separation in case they are not yielded to, as stated in page 12 of the report) do not appear to require to be answered at length. The argument which does, perhaps, require special notice, is that drawn from the example of the United States. With regard to this it is to be observed that in the case of the United States the British author had under the circumstances to accept such terms as were offered, but that such acceptance did not in any way involve a recognition of the justice of these terms, and it would be most unfortunate if this exceptional case were to be drawn into a prece- dent. If it were, it might become necessary for a  ## p. 67 (#81) ############################################## TIII, 67 A UTIIOIR. work to be reprinted and published separately in every British colony. The Society will no doubt itself consider the memorandum, and will have no difficulty in drawing up a full reply if thought desirable, but I cannot see that the arguments contained in it were such as to require a detailed reply. All that it seems to me to be necessary for the Society to do at present is to submit to the Home Government that Sir John Thompson's memorandum affords no answer whatever to the reasons given in the report of the Departmental Committee against the passing of an Act to con- firm the Canadian Act, pointing out that the demand for legislation appears to come solely from the Canadian printer and publisher, and that it would be most unfair that their industries should be fostered and protected at the expense of the rights of authors as established by Impe- rial legislation and the Berne Convention. A protest should also be added against the case of the United States being turned into a precedent for Imperial or Colonial legislation ; the result of the system of protection insisted on there is no doubt unfortunate for the Canadian printer and publisher, but that is not, or ought not to be, a reason for extending it to Canada or elsewhere. The endeavour should rather be to induce the United States to abandon its present policy. There is no sign in the memorandum that Canada would be prepared to accept any such licensing system as that suggested in pars. 55 and 56 of the departmental report, and it there- fore does not seem necessary to deal with it at present. The objections to it would appear to be the difficulty in fixing the amount of the royalty, and in securing its collection when fixed; but if it would solve the present difficulty it might be worth acceptance. If the memorandum is dealt with shortly, as I have suggested, the Society should of course intimate that if there are any particular points on which further information is desired, or which are thought to require a further answer, it would be glad of an opportunity of considering them. With regard to the proposed repeal of the ad valorem duty on foreign reprints, it appears that the Colonial Office has already pointed out that repeal would or might be invalid as repugnant to the Order made under the Foreign Reprints Act, on the faith of such duty being imposed. The Society should, I think, consider whether there is any objection to that Order, so far as it affects Canada, being repealed, if the Canadian Government should insist on doing away with the duty. So far as I can see there is none; the only person who would have any reason to com- plain would be the Canadian reader, for whose especial benefit the Foreign Reprints Act was WOL. W. passed. I ought perhaps to point out that it is not at all clear that the repeal of the ad valorem duty would be invalid. - |Under the Foreign Reprints Act the Order in Council only authorises the admission of reprints so long as the Colonial Act affording protection to British authors is in force, from which it would seem that the colony is at liberty to repeal this protection if it is prepared to give up the benefit of the Order in Council. I think it would be as well for the Society to endeavour to find out what is the object of the Canadian Legislation in repealing a duty they do not appear to have even collected, except in very few cases, and in thereby depriving Canadian readers of the benefit of an Act supposed to have been passed for their special advantage. J. Rolt. 4, New-square, Lincoln’s-inn, June 18, 1894. On Monday, June 25, a meeting of the special committee on Canadian copyright was called at Mr. John Murray's offices, 50, Albemarle-street. The following is a list of the names of the committee, and the interests represented:— Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P. - Edward Ashdown, H. R. Clayton, Music Pub- lishers. s Frank Bishop, H. S. Mendelssohn, Photo- graphers. F. R. Daldy, T. N. Longman, the Copyright Association. - H. O. Arnold Foster, Edward Marston, Pub- lishers' sub-section of Chamber of Commerce. H. Rider Haggard, W. E. H. Lecky, Authors. Arthur Lucas, Alex. Tooth, Fine Arts. John Murray, Publisher. G. Herbert Thring, W. Oliver Hodges (Barris- ter-at-Law), Society of Authors. * W. Agnew, D. C. Thompson, Printsellers' Association. The business before the committee was “To consider the proposals received from Canada, respecting Anglo-Canadian copyright, and to agree as to what action should be taken thereon.” Mr. John Murray was voted into the chair. .. After some discussion, and considering the unwieldy size of the committee, it was decided to appoint a sub-committee as representative of the different sections as possible to consider carefully, and in detail, the Canadian proposals, and to draft an answer to lay before the Colonial Office, which answer would first, however, be submitted to the general committee for its approval. -- The members of the sub-committee elected for that purpose were: H. R. Clayton, Musical Publishers; F. R. Daldy, Copyright Association; EI  ## p. 68 (#82) ############################################## 68 TIIE A UTIIOIP. Arthur Lucas, Fine Arts; G. Herbert Thring, the Authors’ Society. The sub-committee was subsequently called together, and met on Monday, July 2, at 4, Portu- gal-street, the offices of the Society of Authors. Mr. Daldy took the chair, and before opening the discussion stated that he thought the plans of the sub-committee must be slightly altered, as he saw from the Times that the question of Canadian copyright was being brought before the meeting of colonial delegates at Ottawa. He proceeded to inform the sub-committee that he had con- sented, with the approval of Her Majesty’s Government, to attend the Canadian meeting, both to hear what the Canadians had to say and to keep the English authors' point of view pro- minently before the meeting. The sub-committee accordingly determined to adjourn its meeting until Mr. Daldy's return, but read through provisionally the Canadian sugges- tions, in order to put before Mr. Daldy the salient points of objection to the proposed legislation. IV.-Con TRIBUTORS AND CoPYRIGHT. A form of receipt issued by the Religious Tract Society is thus headed: COPYRIGHT. This receipt conveys the copyright to the trustees of the Religious Tract Society with liberty for them, at their discretion, to republish in any form. Republication by authors on their own account must be the subject of special arrangement. If this receipt is sent to the contributor with- out previous special agreement conveying not only the serial right, but also the copyright to the Society for the consideration of a certain sum paid, the contributor should refuse signature or he should strike his pen through the above words. If the Religious Tract Society refuses to pay without these words, he should then, unless his necessities compel him to endure everything, lace the business in the hands of the secretary of the Authors' Society. Nothing is more certain than that a paper offered to any magazine is offered, unless the contrary is stated, on the usual terms, under Section XVIII. of the Act, viz., the right for separate publication to be matter of separate agreement between author and proprietor of the magazine during the period prescribed by law of twenty-eight years, when the right to publish separately again reverts to the author. Unless, therefore, the copyright and the right to republish without the author's sanction are bought by special agreement, the author has the right to veto the republication by any other person during the term aforesaid. Observe that the condition above quoted indicates that the copyright may be valuable, and therefore the author should keep all his rights or make a sepa- rate contract. If it is valuable it must be bought, and not taken. - [The following is Section XVIII. of the Act above referred to :—“XVIII. And be it enacted, That when any publisher or other person shall, before or at the time of the passing of this Act, have projected, conducted, and carried on, or shall hereafter project, conduct, and carry on, or be the proprietor of any encyclopædia, review, magazine, periodical work, or work published in a series of books or parts, or any book whatsoever, and shall have employed or shall employ any persons to compose the same, or any volumes, parts, essays, articles, or portions thereof, for publica- tion in or as part of the same, and such work, Volumes, parts, essays, articles, or portions shall have been or shall hereafter be composed under such employment, on the terms that the copy- right therein shall belong to such proprietor, pro- jector, publisher, or conductor, and paid for by such proprietor, projector, publisher, or con- ductor, the copyright in every such encyclopædia, review, magazine, periodical work, and work published in a series of books or parts, and in every volume, part, essay, article, and portion so composed and paid for, shall be the property of Such proprietor, projector, publisher, or other conductor, who shall enjoy the same rights as if he were the actual author thereof, and shall have such term of copyright therein as is given to the authors of books by this Act; except only that in the case of essays, articles, or portions forming part of and first published in reviews, magazines, or other periodical works of a like nature, after the term of twenty-eight years from the first publication thereof respectively the right of pub- lishing the same in a separate form shall revert to the author for the remainder of the term given by this Act: Provided always, that during the term of twenty-eight years the said proprietor, projector, publisher, or conductor, shall not. publish any such essay, article, or portion separately or singly, without the consent previously obtained, of the author thereof, or his assigns: Provided, also, that nothing herein con- tained shall alter or affect the right of any person who shall have been or who shall be so employed. as aforesaid to publish any such his composition in a separate form who by any contract, express or implied, may have reserved or may hereafter reserve to himself such right; but every author reserving, retaining, or having such right shall be entitled to the copyright in such composition when published in a separate form, according to this Act, without prejudice to the right of such proprietor, projector, publisher, or conductor as aforesaid.] -  ## p. 69 (#83) ############################################## TIII. A UTIIOIR. 69 THE LAUREATESHIP. HERE seems an inclination, perhaps an in- tention, on the part of the Government to allow the office of Poet Laureate to fall into abeyance. This abeyance, if it continues, will certainly end in abolition, because an ancient thing may easily be destroyed, but is with great difficulty created alléW. Why should it be left in abeyance P There are two reasons which may influence the Premier : First, the impossibility of finding a successor to Tennyson of equal weight; and, next, the diffi- culty of selection, with the certainty of hostile criticism whatever appointment be made. It seems to some, however, highly desirable that the appointment should be filled up. Among other considerations the following are advanced : I. It is an office of considerable antiquity, honoured by the names of Spenser, Ben Jonson, Dryden, Southey, Wordsworth, and Tennyson. It has been continued and recognised as an office of the State for 300 years. 2. It is the only recognition of literature offered by the State. By no other office, appointment, or distinction, does the State take the least notice of literature. The question of the national distinctions in relation to literature has been frequently discussed in these columns. It is true that there are members of this Society whose position in the world of letters entitles them to the highest consideration, who do not think that the interests of literature would be advanced by the creation of distinctive honours or the granting to men of letters those distinctions and orders now reserved for the Services. But it is also true that there are other men of letters, also of position, who hold that for a State not to recognise literature is to teach the people that literature is not worthy of honour. Now the office of Poet Laureate is, to repeat, the only attempt made by the State to show that poetry is deserving the honour and recognition of the people. 3. The argument that, because Tennyson stood higher than his confrères there is to be no successor, if applied to other offices and titles of distinction would very soon lead to the abolition of all such offices. There would be left, in short, no distinctions at all. 4. The argument that hostile criticism would follow any appointment would, if applied to other distinctions, equally lead to their abolition. The king is dead; another king must follow. It is not at all a question whether the choice will please every one. Again, hostile criticism would WOL. W. - die away as quickly as it arose. However hostile,' it would hurt nobody; on the supposition that. the Premier had made the appointment without regard to Party, and with the sole object of nominating the man he considered best, he could suffer no possible harm; nor could the newly appointed Laureate, whose name and reputation must be already before us, suffer any harm. After all, the worst that can be said in such a case is that an anonymous critic considers A. a. very much better poet than B. Besides, it is surely unworthy of a Prime Minister to fear hostile criticism in matters of literature when he cannot escape it in politics. 5. The fact that such an appointment gives. great importance to a poet in the eyes of the world may also be considered. When a Regius Professor of Greek is appointed, the new Pro- fessor is lifted at once far above his fellow scholars. Yet there may be among these as good Greek scholars. Nobody doubts this. But nobody, in consequence, proposes that the Regius Pro- fessorship of Greek should be abolished for fear of giving him an importance above his fellow scholars. w 6. In such a case as this, public opinion— . meaning the opinion of the cultivated public— points out a certain number of living poets as the fittest for the appointment. It is not a question whether there are men of Tennyson’s stature, but solely who are the available men in poetry with- out reference to opinion, Party, or any other point whatever ? 7. There are, in the opinion of most literary men, whose opinion is not likely to be asked, poets who are entirely worthy to fill a post occupied by the Poets Laureate of the past; and there is so much promise in the work of the younger men, that, in their interests alone, the distinction ought to be preserved. - 8. There is no question of expense. It must be . allowed by all that this meagre national recogni- tion of Literature is made on the cheapest possible terms. If it be thought that the very modest income attached to the distinction has anything to do with the desire to retain this solitary honour, bestowed upon Poetry among those distributed on the Services and Law, not to speak of Physic and Art, it might be found desirable to deprive the Laureateship of its income. These considerations are advanced as a few of those which influence many of this body in their desire to maintain the office and to see it filled again as soon as possible. On the eve of the general holidays nothing can be done except to place on record these few notes. It may be added, however, that some of the members are desirous of bringing the matter - H 2  ## p. 70 (#84) ############################################## 70 TIII. A UTII.O.IP. before the council with an invitation to some public expression of opinion, if that should seem good to the collective wisdom of the Society. *-- * ~ * z-- ~s CIVIL LIST PENSIONS. I. HE list of pensions granted during the year ended June 20, 1894, and charged upon the Civil List, is as follows: Miss Adeline Amy Leech, only surviving sister of the late Mr. John Leech, in addition to pensions of £25 and £IO already granted to her, 335; Professor T. W. Rhys Davids, in recognition of his merits as a student of Oriental literature, 32do; Mrs. Sophia Eder- sheim, in recognition of the merits of her late husband, Dr. Edersheim, as a writer on theology and Biblical criticism, 375; Mrs. Elizabeth Baker Mozley, in recognition of the merits of her late husband, the Rev. Thomas Mozley, 375; the Rev. Wentworth Webster, in consideration of his researches into the language, literature, and archaeology, of the Basques, 3150 ; the Lady Alice Portal, in recognition of the distinguished services of her late husband, Sir Gerald Herbert Portal, 3150; Mr. T. H. S. Escott, in considera- tion of his merits as an author and journalist, 281 oo; Mr. John Beattie Crozier, in consideration of his philosophical writings and researches, 250; Dr. Thomas Gordon Hake, in recognition of his merits as a poet, 365; Mr. Samuel Alfred Warley, in consideration of his services to electrical science, 3850; Mrs. Amy Cameron, in considera- tion of the services rendered to geographical science by her late husband, Captain Werney Lovett Cameron, £50; Mrs. Ellis Margaret Hassall, in consideration of the services of her late husband, Dr. Arthur Hill Hassall, 3850; Miss Matilda Betham-Edwards, in con- sideration of her literary merits, £50; Mrs. Ratharine S. Macquoid, in consideration of her contributions to literature, 35o ; Miss Rosalind Hawker and Miss Juliet Hawker in consideration of the literary merits of their late father, the Rev. Stephen Hawker, 325 each. The total of the pensions amounts to £12Oo. II. “Mr. Bartley asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer a question concerning one of the names in this List. “The Chancellor of the Exchequer: Civil Lis; pensions are not intended, as the hon. Imember appears to suppose, for ‘literary men and women in necessitous circumstances.’ The sixth section of the Civil Trist Act (I Wict. cap. 2) provides that they may be granted to ‘such persons only as have just claims on the Royal beneficence, or who, by their personal services to the Crown, by the performance of duties to the public, or by their useful discoveries in science and attain- ments in literature and the arts, have merited the gracious consideration of their Sovereign and the gratitude of their country.” “Mr. Bartley asked whether it was a fact that practically this bounty had always been given to reward those who were in necessitous circum- stances; whether it had ever yet been given to persons who were fairly well off and did not require it ; and whether there were not a great number of necessitous persons in literature and science to whom this grant would have been of much greater service. “The Chancellor of the Exchequer: I must answer in the negative every one of these questions. I have never yet heard that the late Lord Tennyson was in necessitous circumstances.” — Times. *—- - -º * * *—s THE AMERICAN MEMORIAL TO KEATS, N Monday, July 17, the bust of Keats, executed by Miss Anne Whitney, of Boston, Mass., and given to the English nation by a small body of Americans, lovers of the poet, was unveiled at Hampstead parish church, in the presence of a very large assem- blage. The memorial was received by Mr. Edmund Gosse, on behalf of English men and women of letters. The bust was presented by Mr. J. Holland Day, the secretary of the American Memorial Committee. He stated in a brief address that it was by the wish of his committee that the monument should be erected in the church of the place where Keats spent his few happy days. The memorial itself was highly approved by the late Mr. Lowell. The bust was modelled twenty years ago by Miss Whitney, and the bracket supporting it was designed by Mr. Bertram Goodhue. Mr. Edmund Gosse replied as follows: It is with no small emotion that we receive to-day, from the hands of his American admirers, a monument inscribed to the memory of Keats. Those of us who may be best acquainted with the history of the poet will not be surprised that you have convened us to the church of Hamp- stead, although it was not here that he was born nor here that he died. Yet some who are present. to-day may desire to be reminded why it is that when we think of Keats we think of Hampstead. It is in his twenty-first year, in 1816, that we  ## p. 71 (#85) ############################################## TIII) A UTIIOIR. 7 I find the frst record of his ascent of this historic eminence. He appears, then, on the brow of Hampstead Hill as the visitor, as the disciple of Leigh Hunt, in his cottage in the Vale of Health. He comes, an ardent lad, with great flashing eyes and heavy auburn curls, carrying in his hand a wreath of ivy for the brows of Mr. Hunt. Nearly eighty years ago—this pilgrimage of boyish enthusiasm—but a few months after Waterloo. The last rumblings of the long European wars were dying away in the distance. Our unhappy contest with that great young republic which you, Sir, so gracefully represent to-day, just over and done with. How long ago it seems, this page of history, how dusty and shadowy ; and how fresh and near across the face of it the visit of the boyish poet to his friend and master on the hill of Hampstead | Such at all events was the earliest appearance of Keats in this place, and here the “prosperous opening” of his poetical career was made. Here he first met Shelley, Haydon, and perhaps Wordsworth ; hence in 1817, from under these “pleasant trees” and the “leafy luxury" of the Vale of Health, his earliest volume was sent forth to the world; here, in lodgings of his own at Well-walk, he settled in that same summer that he might devote himself to the composition of “Endymion.” Here his best friends clustered round him— Bailey find Cowden Clarke, Dilke and Armitage, Brown and Reynolds. Here it was that, in the autumn of 1818, he met, at Wentworth-place, that brisk and shapely lady whose fascination was to make the cup of his sorrows overflow ; hence it was that, on Sept. 18, 1820, he started for Italy, a dying man. All of Keats that is vivid and intelligent, all that is truly characteristic of his genius and his vitality, is centred around Hampstead, and you, his latest western friends, have shown a fine instinct in bringing here, and not elsewhere, the gifts and tributes of your love. If we find it easy to justify the locality which you have chosen for your monument to Keats, it is surely not less easy, although more serious and more elaborate, to bring forward reasons for the existence of that monument itself. In the first place, that you should so piously have prepaled, and that we so eagerly and so unanimously accept, a marble effigy of Keats, what does it signify, if not that we and you alike acknowledge the fame that it represents to be durable, stimulat- ing, and exalted P For, consider with me for a moment, how singularly unattached is the repu- tation of this our Hampstead poet. It rests upon no privilege of birth, no “stake in the country,” as we say ; it is fostered by no alliance of powerful friends or wide circle of personal influences; no one living to-day has seen Keats, or artificially preserves his memory for any private purpose. In all but verse, his name was, as he said, “writ on water.” He is identified with no progression of ideas, no religious or political or social propa- ganda. He is either a poet or absolutely nothing—we withdraw the poetical elements from our conception of him, and what is left P The palestphantom of a livery-stable-keeper's son, an unsuccessful medical student, an ineffectual consumptive lad who died in obscurity more than seventy years ago. . You will forgive me for reminding you of this absence of all secondary qualities, of all outer accomplishments of life in the career of that great man whom we celebrate to-day, because in so doing I exalt the one primary quality which raises him among the principali- ties and powers of the human race, and makes our celebration of him to-day perfectly rational and explicable to all instructed men and women. It is not every one who appreciates poetry; it may be that such appreciation is really a some- what rare and sequestered gift. But all practical men can understand that honour is due to those who have performed a difficult and noble task with superlative distinction. We may be no politicians, but we can comprehend the enthu- siasm excited by a consummate statesman. Be it a sport or a profession, an art or a discovery, all men and women can acquiesce in the praise which is due to him who has exercised it the best out of a thousand who have attempted it. This, then, would be your answer to any who should question the propriety of your zeal or of our gratitude to day. We are honouring John Reats—we should reply in unison—because he did with superlative charm and skill a thing which mankind has agreed to include among the noblest and most elevated occupations of the human intelligence. We honour in the lad who passed so long unobserved among the inhabitants of Hampstead, a poet, and nothing but a poet, but one of the very greatest poets that the modern world bas seen. The Professor of Poetry at Oxford reminds me that Tennyson was more than once heard to assert that Keats, had his life been prolonged, would have been our greatest poet since Milton. This conviction is one now open to discussion, of course, but fit to be propounded in any assem- 'blage of competent judges. It may be stated, at least, and yet the skies not fall upon our heads. Fifty years ago to have made such a proposition in public would have been thought ridiculous, and sixty years ago almost wicked. When I was myself a child, I remember that I met with the name of Keats for the first time in conjunction with that of Kirke White, an insipid poetaster  ## p. 72 (#86) ############################################## 72 - TIIE A UTIIOIP. whose almost only merit was his early death. When the late Lord Houghton—a name so dear to many present, a name never to be mentioned without sympathy in any collection of literary persons— when Monckton Milnes—as in 1848 he still was— published his delightful life of Keats, it was widely looked upon as a rash and fantastic act to concentrate so much attention on so imperfect a ‘Career. But all that is over now. Keats lives, as he modestly assured his friends would be the case, among the English poets. Nor among them merely, but in the first rank of them—among the very few of whom we instinctively think when- ever the characteristic versemen of our race are spoken of. To what does he owe this pre- eminence—he, the boy in this assemblage of strong men and venerable greybeards, he who had ceased to sing at an age when most of them were still practising their prosodical scales? To answer this adequately would take us much too far afield for a short address, the object of which is simply to acknowledge with decency your amiable gift. But some brief answer we must essay to make. - Originality of poetic style was not, it seems to me, the predominant characteristic of Keats. It might have come with ripening years, but it cannot be at all certain that it would. It never came to Pope or to Lamartine, to Virgil, or to Tennyson. It has come to poets infinitely the inferiors of these, infinitely the inferiors of Keats. They who strive after direct originality forget that to be unlike those who have preceded us, in all the forms and methods of expression, is not by any means certainly to be either felicitous or distinguished. There is hardly any excellent feature in the poetry of I(eats which is not super- ficially the feature of some well-recognised master of an age precedent to his own. He boldly takes down, as from some wardrobe of beautiful and diverse raiment, the dress of Spenser, of Milton, of Homer, of Ariosto, of Fletcher, and wears each in turn, thrown over shoulders which completely change its whole appearance and lºroportion. But, if he makes use of modes which are already familiar to us, in their broad outlines, as the modes invented by earlier masters, it is mainly because his temperament was one which impera- tively led him to select the best of all possible forms of expression. His excursions into other people's provinces were always undertaken with a view to the annexation of the richest and most fertile acres. It is comparatively vain to specu- late as to the future of a man whose work was all done between the ages of nineteen and four- and-twenty. Yet I think we may see that what Keats was rapidly progressing towards, until the moment when his health gave way, was a crystal- lisation into one fused and perfect style of all the best elements of the poetry of the ages. When we think of Byron, we see that he would pro- bably have become absorbed in the duties of the ruler of a nation ; in Shelley we conjecture that all was being merged in the politician and the humanitarian, but in Keats poetry was ever steadily and exclusively ascendant. Shall I say what will startle you if I confess that I sometimes fancy that we lost in the author of the five great odes the most masterly capacity for poetic expres- sion which the world has ever seen P |Be this as it may, without vain speculation we may agree that we possess even in this fragment of work, in this truncated performance, one of the most splendid inheritances of English literature. “I have loved the principle of beauty in all things,” Keats most truly said, “the mighty abstract idea of beauty in all things.” It is this passion for intellectual beauty—less disturbed, perhaps, by distracting aims in him than in any other writer of all time—that sets the crown on our conception of his poetry. When he set out upon his mission, as a boy of twenty, he entered that “Chamber of Maiden Thought” of which he speaks to Reynolds, where he became intoxicated with the light and the atmosphere. Many of his warmest admirers seem to have gone with him no further, to have stayed there among the rich colours and the Lydian melodies and the enchant- ing fresh perfumes. But the real Keats evades them if they pass no further. He had already risen to graver and austerer things, he had already bowed his shoulders under the Burden of the Mystery. But even in those darker galleries and up those harsher stairs he took one lamp with him, the light of harmonious thought. The pro- found and exquisite melancholy of his latest verse is permeated with this conception of the loftiest beauty as the only consolation in our jarring and bewildered world : - Beauty is truth, truth beauty—that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. And now, Sir, we turn again to you and to the gracious gift you bring us. In one of his gay moods, Keats wrote to his brother George in Rentucky, “If I had a prayer to make, it should be that one of your children should be the first American poet.” That wish was not realised; the “little child o' the western wild” remained, I believe, resolutely neglectful of the lyre its uncle offered to it. But the prophecies of great poets are fulfilled in divers ways, and in a broader sense all the recent poets of America. are of Keats' kith and kin. Not one but has felt his influence; not one but has been swayed by his passion for the ethereal beauty; not one  ## p. 73 (#87) ############################################## THE AUTIIOI8. 73 but is proud to recognise his authority and dignity. The ceremony of to-day, so touching and so significant, is really, therefore, the pilgrimage of long-exiled children to what was once the home of their father.” Mr. Gosse then read the following sonnet by Mr. Theodore Watts, which appeared in the Athenæum of July 14: Thy gardens bright with limbs of gods at play— Those bowers whose flowers are fruits, Hesperian sweets That light with heaven the soul of him who eats, And lend his veins Olympian blood of day— Were only lent, and, since thou couldst not stay, Better to die than wake in sorrow, Keats, Where even the Sirens' song no longer cheats— Where Love's long “Street of Tombs' still lengthens grey. IBotter to nestle there in arms of Flora, Ere Youth, the king of Earth and Beauty's heir, Drinking such breath in meadows of Aurora As bards of morning drank, AEgean air, Woke in Eld’s lonely caverns of Ellora, Carven with visions dead and sights that were ! Lord Houghton (Lord Lieutenant of Ireland) then addressed the meeting.” His Lordship remarked that it was as the son of Richard Monckton Milnes that he was present that day. He wished his father could have been spared to see that ceremony. The last occasion on which his father appeared in public was at the unveiling of the memorial to the poet Gray. He could not conceive anything which would have moved his father more profoundly than this graceful recog- nition of a poet of whose life and work he was so affectionate a student, by a number of dis- tinguished citizens of that great American Union which he so loved and honoured, and throughout the long breadth of which he owned so many valued friends. It was a most cherished belief of his that, in spite of the political separation which he supposed must be for ever, the unity between the two great countries should be, and was, preserved in the brotherhood of letters on the basis of a common great poetical ancestry. He (Lord Houghton) trusted that he might be allowed to express his own appreciation of the honour which was done to the English world of letters by the graceful homage of so many American ladies and gentlemen to the poet Reats, of whom in his day the world was not worthy, but who was uow regarded as one of the most beloved of English writers. Mr. Sidney Colvin said that these memorials of great men were none too frequent in this country. Here in Hampstead there were two sites especially connected with the memory of Keats, the beloved poet. One was Well-walk, which * The report which follows is taken from the Hampstead and Highgate Ea'press of July 21. still partly retained its ancient features. He believed that the house in which Keats lived with Bentley the postman no longer existed—that Well-walk had been shortened. The bench was pointed out where he sat, but that was not altogether satisfactory. However, lower down, in what was the village of Hampstead, but was now a town, in John-street, there was remarkably little change. The house in which he lived, the garden in which he wrote the famous “Address to the Nightingale,” still existed. He (Mr. Colvin) remembered going there, now ten years ago, with one who had looked upon the features of Adonaïs—a brother of Charles Wentworth Dilke —who showed him what the changes were, so that one could see at Lawn Bank what exactly were the two houses, in one of which Keats lived with the Browns. It had often occurred to him that a benefactor or benefactors might secure that house and make it a memorial to the poet who lived and wrote and suffered there. Perhaps that dream may be realised—perhaps not. In any case they could not be too grateful to those American friends who had brought this memorial now set up in that old parish church of Hamp- stead. Keats was bound to the American people by special ties. Several of his collateral descen- dants were citizens of the United States, and a great deal of what was warmest in his nature flowed out to that country in that invaluable series of charming, enthusiastic letters which he wrote to his brother and sister-in-law at Touis- ville. There could be no question that, of all places to choose for a memorial to Keats, Hamp- stead was the proper place. The best and almost the worst of his life were passed here; and it was in what was then Wentworth House that the first pangs of the illness from which he was never to recover laid him low. He (Mr. Colvin) hoped that here, in the enormously enlarged Hampstead of to-day, would be found, with its increase of homes, a proportionate increase of the readers and lovers of poetry, and that amongst the popu- lation of this place, as well as amongst the larger populations represented in that assembly, there would be found a unanimous sense and voice of gratitude to the English women and Englishmen from over the seas who had brought them that gift. Mr. Francis Turner Palgrave, Professor of Poetry at the University of Oxford, said that Rome, that city wherein were buried three illustrious, unhappy poets—Tasso, Shelley, and Keats, and he the youngest—already held two records of his memory; one the tablet on the house where he died, the other his gravestone in the cemetery where he was buried beneath the wall of Aurelian. Keats' short wandering life  ## p. 74 (#88) ############################################## 74 - THE AUTHOIR. made it difficult to find a decisively fit place for a memorial in his own country. But he thought it would be agreed that none better could have been chosen than Hampstead, where between 1816 and 1820, many of his brightest and also his saddest days were spent, where in early youth he met Hunt and Haydon, and Shelley, where afterwards, when just seemingly in sight of home and happiness the fatal signals of consumption constrained him to confess the terrible Lasciate ogni speranza, and bid farewell to her who was never to be his bride. In Hampstead also were partly written the poems published (1817) in the first of his three precious volumes, full of un- tutored fresh delight in nature and friendship and art, and here, but three years later, some of those splendid lyrical tales and odes which, as Alfred Tennyson more than once said to him (Mr. Palgrave), gave a secure promise that had life been spared Keats would have proved our greatest in poetry since Milton. “ By nothing,” said Matthew Arnold, “is England so glorious as by her poetry.” The place of Keats in that sphere was now established, and needed no words from him. They could read how this “half-schooled ” youth, the stablekeeper's son, the surgeon’s apprentice, not only by native force and inspiration, but by most careful devotion to his art, in some four years' work made himself worthy of the praise bestowed on him by Tennyson, while he also gave clear proof that human life in its deepest and highest sense, yet always under the law of beauty, would have been the subject of his maturer verse. Even more than is the usual fate of high genius, Keats, from his own day onwards, had been misunderstood. He was held sensuous in his life and in his poetry, a second Agathon, wanting in manliness and spirit, a feeble being in all ways. Yet, on the strength of his own Writings, his verse and his letters, and also of all trustworthy records, he ventured to call Keats not only one of the most profoundly interesting, but one of the most attractive and most lovable figures in literature. Manliness, magnanimity, unselfish devotedness, deep love of friends and family, chivalry to woman, sensitiveness too intense for peace of mind, were the dominant notes of his nature. Whilst wholly free from Vanity, Keats was personally self-respecting, and, in that laudable sense, proud, but as to his abilities and his own work almost pathetically humble-minded. Young as he was, he bore what Charles Lamb so truly defined as the surest sign of the highest genius—sanity. In all that there was even more promise of life than in his poetry itself. Thus “lovable and considerate to the last,” humbly after his wont, not (as misinterpreted) bitterly, he spoke of his work and name as “writ in water.” This was a noble soul, strangely and sorely tried, and let them only add there, Re- quiescat in pace. Mr. J. Willis Clark, Registrar of the University of Cambridge, observed that we were apt to accept our historic past too passively, and needed from time to time a gentle awakening by friendly hands to the duties which it entailed. The bust they had received that day would not only remind them of the past, but of those who remembered that Keats had been left without visible memorial in his own country. “A thing of beauty is a joy for ever,” and they rejoiced not only over their beautiful new possession, but over the graceful Kindness of those who had given it to them. Mr. F. H. Day then conducted Mr. Gosse to the bust, and the latter unveiled it. The “bust '' is placed on a square base or bracket, like the bust itself of white marble, against the right-hand side of the chancel, facing the congregation. A portrait of the poet, wrought fortunately in his life-time, has served and, perhaps, inspired the sculptor. On the bracket is inscribed, in gilt letters, “To the ever-living memory of John Reats this monument is erected by Americans, MDCCCXCIV.” Mendelssohn’s anthem, “Then shall the righteous shine forth in their heavenly Father's home,” was then sung, with the chorus, “He that shall endure to the end,” by the choir. A shortened form of evening prayer concluded the ceremony. *- ~ 2-’ ,-- * ~ * NOTES AND NEWS. S the three volume novel really ended ? I think not. A large number of popular novelists will in future publish in the single volume first ; a certain number of novels which have hitherto brought the authors a small sum will cease to appear, because it will not be worth the publisher’s trouble to go on producing them for his share, nor for the author to write them for his share, which we may be quite certain will in many cases be made to bear the whole loss. There will remain a remnant; it will consist chiefly of those books which, if 200 or so are taken by the libraries at I Is. a copy, will pay th ir expenses and something over for the publisher. The author will receive the glory which awaits the writer of such a work. One or two writers of repute will perhaps remain, but not many; the three volume novel will not be ended all at once, but it is doomed; it will die, but perhaps more slowly than we think.  ## p. 75 (#89) ############################################## TIIE A UTIIOR. 75 Should the three-volume novel perish without its farewell hymn P Should there be found no bard in all this land who would be moved to say a word of praise and lamentation ? Not so, The Saturday Review has produced its poet. The old Three-Decker will not vanish without its funeral hymn. He is a worthy poet; his numbers are worthy of the subject. Every writer of three- volume novels should cut out the poem and frame it and hang it up. Anonymous (P) singer, we thank thee! For those who have not read that dirge here is a sample of its quality. Rair held the Trade behind us; ’twas warm with lovers' prayers ; We’d stolen wills for ballast and a crew of missing heirs. They shipped as Able Bastards till the Wicked Nurse con- fessed. And they worked the old Three-Decker to the Islands of the Blest. We asked no social questions, we pumped no hidden shame; - We never talked obstetrics when the Little Stranger came ; We left the Lord in Heaven ; we left the fiends in Hell; We weren't exactly Yusufs but—Zuleika didn’t tell! And through the maddest welter and 'neath the wildest skies, We'd pipe all hands to listen to the skipper's homilies; For oft he’d back his topsle or moor in open Sea. To draw a just reflextion from a pirate on the lee. No moral doubt assailed us, so when the port we neared The Villain took his flogging at the gangway, and we cheered. 'Twas fiddle on the foc'sle—’twas garlands at the mast, For every one got married, and I went ashore at last. I left 'em all in couples a-kissing on the decks; I left the lovers loving and the parents signing cheques— In endless English comfort, by county-folk caressed, I left the old Three-Decker at the Islands of the Blest. IN our notice on the Three Volume Nove] of last number it was assumed that the Cost of Production of a small edition was about £I2O. It is, however, well to consider that there are cheaper methods. Those novels which are issued with a view to a short run in the circulating libraries only, and are not, practically, offered to the public at all, require little or no advertising. Agreat saving is therefore effected under that head. But they are also printed at a much cheaper rate than that contemplated in the Society’s pamphlet. The page is smaller, to begin with ; it contains, as a general rule, about twenty-two lines and 17O words to a page. There are generally 900 pages in the three volumes, or fifty-six sheets, as in our estimate. The work is given out to a cheap printer, who does not employ union men, and pays his compositors less than 9s. a sheet for setting up. It will be understood that with such wages our estimate of 19s. 6d. a sheet for com- position may be very considerably reduced. If the work is also given out by a yearly contract, still further reductions may be made on every item. In fact such a novel can be produced in this manner for something like 38o, or even less. If, therefore, only 250 copies are taken by the libraries—it is a very common thing for a novel not to exceed this circulation—we have at I4S., a return of £175 on an expenditure of £80. It is clearly therefore in the interests of those who have hitherto produced these three volume novels to continue them as long as they possibly cun. Even with the reduction to IIs. a copy will yield a return of £1 17 against an expenditure of £80. The bistory of the novel, when it comes to be written, will show how it has been issued, at different times, in three volumes, four volumes, and even more, for the convenience of the reader, and to avoid holding a heavy volume; the price varied in amount, but was always high ; the people who read them were a small minority, but they bought books. There was no cheap edition thought of, because there was no public outside this small circle of readers. Gradually the circle widened ; there grew up in many places, such as Norwich, Lichfield, and other cathedral towns, circles of readers who wanted to read more than they could afford to buy. Already in London the circulating library had been started. In the country towns book clubs were established—in many respects much more convenient than the circulating library. There were so many book clubs in the country sixty years ago that any publisher of repute could place at once a thousand copies of a new work. This fact explains the great output of nove's about that time; it was s) easy to place them that publishers very naturally thought little of the quality, and sent out so much rubbish that the book clubs refused to take them, and preferred extinction. The English novel during the Thirties and Forties fell into profound dis- repute except for one or two writers—Dickens, Lytton, Ainsworth, for example—who kept the lamp from extinguishing. The cheap edition was introduced about thirty years ago. It was not customary until twenty-five years ago to reprint a serial novel from a magazine. The critics in those days used to be very angry with one who did not acknowledge that his book had appeared in a serial form ; they spoke of it as a deception played upon the public. The appearance of the cheap form began with the two shilling or railway novel; it was at first called contemptuously the “sensation ” novel; people were a little ashamed of liking a good story: the rest we know. Knight, Chambers, Bohn,  ## p. 76 (#90) ############################################## 76 THE AUTHOR. began and carried on the issue of cheap literature; but I believe the only form which proved very successful was that of the novel. The form and price of the novel, as it has varied during the last century, could easily be learned by following the advertisements in the Gentleman’s Magazine, Blackwood’s, the Quarterly, the Edinburgh, and the Athenæum. The last named paper did not begin till, I believe, 1834, but sixty years carries one back a long way in the history of a novel. The advertisement sheets in books would also be of some use. Here is a difficulty not uncommon with us. The young aspirant sends a MS. to the Society to be read. He receives a critical opinion, in which the faults of construction, of style, and everything else are pointed out and explained. His manner of receiving this opinion varies; in many cases he acknowledges the justice of the opinion and the value of the advice; in other cases he falls into wrath. Sometimes he returns his MS. after an interval, saying that he has now altered everything in obedi- ence to his critic, and asks where his work can be placed. Altered the MS. has been, and yet it will not do. How can one make the young aspirant understand that a mere alteration here and there is not enough; that he must change himself so that such defects are impossible P How, again, can one make a young man learn that in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred he who succeeds has to work his way upwards P Here and there a Keats blazes out in poetry; here and there a Kipling strikes the right note in early manhood; here and there a Dickens; more often it is the slow growth and the continued work which produced a Fielding, a Thackeray, a Balzac. The mention in Mr. Gosse's address of Henry Kirke White was doubtless suggested by Byron's exaggerated praise and regret for that now neglected and forgotten poet. His early promise, his untimely death, his gallant struggle with adverse fortune, his sincere piety, his simple and beautiful letters procured for him a far greater name than his poetical achievement deserved. He wrote verses with ease, sometimes with grace, and never with any real power or originality. He was born in the greatest poverty, he taught himself, he published a volume of verse in his eighteenth year, he was sent to Cambridge by the Rev. Dr. Simeon, he showed great mathe- matical ability, and would certainly have dis- tinguished himself very highly in mathematical honours; he published another volume of verse —or was it posthumous P-and he died of con- sumption at the age of twenty-one. Had he lived he would have been, probably, Senior Wrangler, First Smith's Prizeman, Fellow of St. John's, lecturer, tutor, leader in the evangelical world, and successor in that position to Dr. Simeon ; Master of his college, and, in due course, perhaps a Bishop. He would also, most certainly, have indited many hymns, some of which we should now be singing out of “Hymns Ancient and Modern,” and there would have been portraits of Him in steel engravings, with a light not of this world in his eyes, sleek and wavy hair, straight whiskers, a silk gown, and Geneva bands. Forty or fifty years ago it was the custom to present boys with an edition of Henry Kirke White, con- taining his poems, a memoir, and selections from his letters. There is a tablet to his memory in one of the Cambridge churches, placed there by an American, like that of Keats at Hampstead, with some memorial lines by Professor Smyth. The Professor meant well, and, indeed, in such verse one cannot very well explain that “un- conquered powers” must be taken poetically. Warm with fond hope and learning's sacred fame, To Granta's bowers the youthful poet came, TJnconquered powers th’ immortal mind displayed; But, worn with anxious thought, the frame decayed. Bale o'er his lamp, and in his cell retired, The martyr student faded and expired— Oh! genius, taste, and piety sincere, Too early lost, 'midst studies too severe ! A letter from Dr. C. J. Wills, on p. 81, calls attention to the use of books in the compilation of articles for the press. In an article to which he refers there were, in all, 759 words, of which 577, or by far the greater part, were, word for word, taken from his book. The writer of the article, it appears—though he denied having seen the book—acknowledged his indebtedness to the “Encyclopædia Britannica,” in which Dr. Wills's book had been quoted, and properly acknowledged. To quote without acknowledgment is, however, a very different thing. Such a case as this is one which may happen to any editor. A contributor, believed to have special knowledge on a certain subject, is invited, or offers, to write upon that subject. Who can suppose that the man of special knowledge is going to consult the “Encyclopædia Britannica?” Why employ the specialist if the Encyclopædia will answer the purpose? An intelligent boy, to select and to copy, would do perfectly well, and be a good deal cheaper. One thing is quite certain, that when a man submits an article, it is understood that it is an original article, wholly written by him from knowledge specially obtained and possessed by him. Any one, for instance, with the aid of  ## p. 77 (#91) ############################################## TILE AUTIOR. .77 “Cook's Voyages,” could write on the manners and customs of the natives of Terra Del Fuego. But only one who has been among this interesting people can write an account containing the results of personal observation. The custom of journalism is that he who com- ments on things—atticles, books, arguments speeches—that is, the leader writer—may use freely whatever he finds in the book or the speech which may assist or advance his own contention. Thus a leader writer on “Fashion among Persian Women’’ would naturally turn to Dr. Wills for the facts; he would freely use the book; but even then he would probably acknowledge his autho- rity. On the other hand, one who communicates a paper on “Fashion among Persian Women” is expected at least to write an original paper. It may be taken for granted that such was the expectation of the editor in this case when he accepted and published the paper on “Persian Women.” Dr. Wills asks how much of an article tendered and accepted as original can be copied, borrowed, or extracted from books or papers on the subject. The answer, of course, is plain—without acknow- ledgment, nothing. How much with acknow- ledgment P That depends upon the editor. It does seem, however, as if a special tariff might with advantage be adopted for such cases. Borrowed work Imight be paid for at the rate of, say, a penny a folio—the price given to a law st itioner for copying documents. The Westminster Budget has called attention to the great age often attained by literary men of distinction. Crébillon died at 88; Voltaire, at 83, superintended the arrangements for the per- formance of “Irene”; Madame d’Arblay died at 88; Herrick at 83; Izaak Walton at 90; John Evelyn at 83; Charles Macklin at 107; Colley Cibber at 86; Wordsworth and Tennyson at over 80; Browning close on 8o; Victor Hugo over 80; Walter Savage Landor at 90. Activity of brain clearly does not hurt the body ; is it not generally attended with physical strength P. On the other hand, Shakespeare died comparatively oung; so did Spenser, Ben Jonson, Pope, Addison, Chatterton, Keats, Byron, and Shelley; a consumptive frame, a weakly constitution, a malarious fever, an accident, account for these early deaths. If we consider, again, the long lives of theologians, lawyers, and men of science, it certainly seems as if long life, as well as honour, success, and all the other things desired by men, was given with intellectual activity. Many years ago I made a table of comparative longevity, using Hole's little Biographical Dictionary, I forget how many names it contained, but there were many hundreds. The result was that divines live longest, then lawyers, then men of letters. The pensions of the year under the Civil List show a greater amount of conscience in the appoint- ment and the distributions than has ever before, any previous year, been exhibited. There is only one appointment which ought not to appear in the list. It is a national disgrace that there is no place for the widow of a distinguished officer except in a list devoted to literature, science, and art. One is far from grudging the meagre pen- sion granted to such a lady, but it is shameful to take it from the slender provision made to litera- ture, science, and art. Elsewhere will be found a question or two asked, and answered, in the House. Mr. Bartley was quite right, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer was quite wrong. The Resolution on which the grant is made, loosely worded as it is, has always been inter- preted to mean that the pensions shall be given to literature, science, and art; unfortunately, personal service to the Crown was included, and meant provision for Her Majesty's teachers and tutors, while “performance of duties to the public ’’ never did mean naval, military, or civil services. Further, though the resolution did not say that persons were to be in necessitous circum- stances, it implied that condition, because no one in affluent circumstances would accept a pension of £75 a year. Tennyson, when he received his pension, was certainly not in affluence. Lastly, the Resolution has been of late interpreted to in- clude widows and daughters of distinguished men which it did not at first contemplate. Thus, in the list before us, eight persons out of sixteen who are on the list, are widows, sisters, or daughters of distinguished men. It is greatly to be wished that Mr. Bartley will continue to watch over the distribution of this grant. But is it not time to alter the wording of the Resolution, and to restrict the grant expressly to persons, or to the widows, children, or sisters of persons, distin- guished in literature, science, and art, who are in distressed circumstances P The book of the month is Lord Dufferin's filial tribute to the memory of his mother. Is not the Sheridan family the only family on record which has continued to hand down its best charac- teristics from one generation to another P Wit, beauty, charm, grace, genius—all these gifts seem born with the descendants of Richard Brinsley Sheridan and Elizabeth Linley. Genius, at least, not to speak of the other qualities, has  ## p. 78 (#92) ############################################## 78 TIII) A UTHOR. never before shown itself to be hereditary. Which of the numerous descendants—nephews and cousins—of Milton, Shakespeare, Dryden, Addison, Swift—what other member of the family of Shelley, Byron, Keats, Wordsworth, Lamb, has shown in his own case that poetical genius may belong to a family P I know not one case at all resembling this of the continuance ºf genius in the children and grandchildren of Sheridan. WALTER BESANT. *- a -º 4- ºr -º LONDON FREE LIBRARIES, E have already (June, 1894) referred to the Report on the Free Libraries of London contained in London, of April 19, 1894. The subject is so important that I have made a more careful analysis of the report, and present here more detailed notes upon the books read and the people who read them. We cannot give too much information to our readers, who should be more interested than any other class in the success and the spread of the free library movement, upon the literary tastes of the people, their standards, the prospects of future advance. For my own part I see nothing to change the opinion I had already formed from independent research on a much more limited scale than that of London ; it is that the taste of the people in literature is sound ; that they do not willingly choose what is called by some “slush,” and by others “truck"—meaning low and worthless works. I am, indeed, persuaded that if a book becomes popular there must be in it some quality of strength, “grip,” or interest out of the common to account for its popularity. This does not mean that a book admirable for its style or for its matter will, on that account, become popular; but that style does not, as some would pretend, make popularity impossible. Thus, among the writers who are most frequently called for are—in history, Green, Froude, Macaulay, Carlyle, and Gardner; in addition to these are mentioned, as in continual demand, Gibbon’s “Decline and Fall,” McCarthy’s “History of our own Times,” Grant’s “British Battles,” Cassell’s “Franco-German War,” Kinglake, Hallam, Malleson, Thornbury, and Strickland. In theo- logy, Farrar, Drummond, Gore, Stanley, Liddon, Newman, Geikie, Milman, Martineau, and Stop- ford Brooke, are most in demand. In art, John Ruskin is easily first, and Miss Jane Harrison and Walter Crane are also wanted. In poetry, Shakespeare, Tennyson, Byron, Goethe, Long- fellow, Kipling, Browning, and Matthew Arnold are the favourites. In science, Darwin, Ball, demand. Huxley, Spencer, and Sir John Lubbock are in In sociology, Ruskin, again, Charles Booth, Thorold Rogers, Karl Marx, are favourites. To these must be added the current and contem- porary books on socialism. In biography, the favourites seem to be the reminiscences and autobiographies so much in vogue at the present. In travel, it is always the newest book that is in demand. We come next to fiction, which presents such an enormous demand as compared with other branches. And here let us consider the warning of the writer in London. He says: Reading the above tables one might come to the conclu- sion that the public libraries are mainly used for the dis- semination of fiction. But without some explanation, tables of percentages prove misleading, and deductions drawn from them entirely erroneous. The percentages of fiction read is artificially raised to the disadvantage of other works. The student of reading in public libraries should bear in mind the following points :— I. That libraries possess more novels than other works, quite as much because they are cheap as that they are often asked for. 2. Novels take a much shorter time to read than serious works. 3. Many novels borrowed and recorded in the percent- ages are not read at all. They are only dipped into —tasted—and returned unread as unsatisfactory. 4. Juvenile literature which does not consist entirely of fiction is often included in that department, and in some cases other non-fictional works. 5. Reading in reference libraries—where there is little or no fiction—is never included in the percentages. . A large number of new readers cultivate a taste for reading fiction, and graduate to more solid fare. N.B.-As only four of the London public libraries have been in full working order for more than two or three years, there has not yet been much time to elevate the taste of the readers. Bearing these guiding facts in mind, it will be seen that the high percentage of fiction is fallacious. In the private subscription libraries—Mudie’s, W. H. Smith and Sons, and the Grosvenor Library—patronised by the middle and upper classes, about 90 per cent. of fiction is read. They read tho latest topical favourite, follow the craze of Society, must be up to date with the latest neurotic story, simply because it is the fashion to read such books in such circles. The reading in the popular public libraries is not regulated by fashion. They are a much better test of the permanent literary qualities of a book. We must never forget that most readers, whether at the free libraries or at home, read for amusement; they therefore read fiction. And one would add that the great mass of people, leading dull and monotonous lives, and not parti- cularly anxious to advance their knowledge or cultivate their intellect, cannot do better than read fiction. It fills their minds with new thoughts; it introduces them to a society which they are not likely to enter; it widens their minds; it teaches them manners, ideas, history, everything. Let the majority read fiction by all IIlêa, Il S. Who are the most popular of novelists P 6  ## p. 79 (#93) ############################################## TIII. A UTIIOIP. 79 Dickens, Scott, Thackeray, Marryatt—among dead authors; and among living authors all those whom we recognise at Mudie's or Smith's as being the most popular. Since the taste of the masses at the free libraries exactly agrees as to fiction with that of the classes at Mudie’s and Smith's, the less we listen to talk about “slush ’’ the better. Who are the people who use these libraries? Clerks head the list; then come governesses and teachers; then every kind of trade that can be enumerated. There are also representatives of every profession; but, of course, trades far out- number professions, and the readers, with the exception of clerks and teachers, are practically of the working class. In short, what is clearly demonstrated by this investigation are the broad facts that the popular taste in literature is sound and wholesome ; that the books read by the crafts are the same as those read by their “betters,” to use the old word, and that from 60 to 90 per cent., that is to say a proportion about the same for the free libraries as for Mudie’s, read for amusement, and therefore read fiction. For whom, then, are there printed the thou- sands upon thousands of penny novelettes, stories of highwaymen and bold defiers of the man in blue, the hero schoolboy, the romantic adventures of the young lady depicted outside P These things are not bought or read by those who frequent the libraries; they are read and bought by school-bows, school-girls, rough lads, who do the lowest kind of work, and servant girls, who have a good deal of time for reading. We do not think of these when we speak of the public or of the popular taste. Must we think of them P Then our conclusions must be taken with ex- ceptions and deductions. Meantime, there are not half enough libraries in London. Outside the city there are only thirty-one which have adopted the Act. Those who desire to know what the Act is, how it should be set in force, what arguments may be used to persuade the unwilling and the prejudiced voter, may consult Thomas Greenwood’s admirable work on “Public Libraries” (Cassell and Co.). There are those who think that the working man should be left to buy his own books, and to advance himself, teach himself, cultivate himself, if he likes. But, left to himself, the working man will not like. only because necessity, self-interest, prudence, self-preservation, desire for greater comfort, longer life, and other reasons of the kind, lead him, pull him, drag him, shove him, and flog him. Give the working man his library, by all means, Nothing is more certain than that the man achieves these fine things for himself but you must lead him into it. He acquires the taste for reading ; he returns; if he is intellectu- ally active he is stimulated to learn; if not he reads fiction, and finds what the world is like outside his own. Leave him quite alone and he will become—what the working man of London was a hundred years ago, when he had been left alone for two hundred years. You will find in the pages of the late Mr. Patrick Colquhoun, Magistrate, what was the consequence of leaving him alone. W. B. > ºr: WANTED TO PUBLISH. T is suggested by a correspondent, that under this heading might be advertised MSS. ready for publication, or subjects on which it is proposed to write articles. It would be a new departure. Editors and publishers are accustomed to receive MSS., not to answer advertisements offering them. It might happen, however, that the subject or the name of the author, if that is advertised as well, might cause a desire to see the MS. We are quite ready to act upon the suggestion and to advertise for our members or others such particulars of their works as they may think enough to make known the scope and general contents. Our correspon- dent points out that if this plan were taken up it might save a great deal of worry and needless trouble in sending MSS. around. The secretary is constantly asked to suggest the most likely maga- zines for papers. He can only advise on this point in general terms, e.g., an anecdotal paper on some well-known literary person, especially if the stories are derived from letters unpublished, is welcome in most magazines. A popular paper on travel is also generally welcome. But each case stands by itself. It seems possible that a man who has written a paper of special interest might get an answer to his advertisement. However that may be, we are willing at least to try the experiment. For terms address the advertisement agent of the Author, 4, Portugal-street. Members of the Society will pay half the price charged to those, who are not members. - - * - a 2-º r = w -s CORRESPONDENCE T.—ENGLISII AND AMERICAN MAGAZINEs. HAVE long been thinking over the causes of the apparent decay of the English maga- zine and the undoubted prosperity of the American magazine. It is quite true, as was said in the article on the subject in last month's  ## p. 80 (#94) ############################################## 8O T/IE A UTII () [". Author, that one never sees English magazines in America, and that one does everywhere see American magazines in England. I believe the reasons of the decay of the one and the popu- larity of the other to be chiefly those pointed out in the article, viz., that the American magazine is carefully thought out and planned beforehand, while its English rival depends mainly on the casual contributor ; that the American editor gives to his journal all his time, all his thoughts, all his energies, while the English editor sits in his room, receives casual contributions, selects from them, and does his editing, say, while he takes his lunch. Again, there are four or five highly priced magazines which desire to be the recognised exponents of the best wisdom and experience of the time. Their high price keeps down their circulation, while the subjects of their papers are generally those of which people have been reading every day in the newspapers for the last month. Is it impossible for our magazines to learn a lesson from the Americans? Are we too proud to be taught that if we would lead the people, we must write on lines that please the people P This truth is understood by the daily papers: why not by the magazines P. One would not exclude the casual contributor, who is most useful in his way; but we must not absolutely depend upon him. Fiction is all very well, but we must not have too much of it. Laboured essays are all very well, but we do not want many of them. Literary papers, estimates of dead men, “slatings ’’ of living men, we do not want in any large quantities—“slatings,” not at all. Nothing damages a magazine or a journal more effectively than the bludgeon. Papers on art we want, if they are by artists; poetry we want, if it is good. I venture to submit a pro- gramme for the year 1895, which, I think, would raise even the decaying Cheapside, or the fallen Bungay’s, to a level with Harper, the Century, or the Cosmopolitan. (1) Recent British Conquest in Africa. By H. C. Selous. (2) Fleet Street Idylls. John Davidson. (3) Short Stories by various writers. two in each number. (4) Manners, Customs, and Religions in South India. By * * * * late judge in Muckampore. (5) A New and Original Play. By one of the half dozen who can write plays. (6) Proverbes. By Anthony Hope. (7) Acts unrepealed. By a Barrister. (8) Twelve Old Books. By Edmund Gosse. . (9) A new Novel. By any good writer. (10) The History of the Isle of Man. By Hall Caine. One or Second series. By (II) The Highlands as they are. By William Black. (I.2) Art of the Day, from month to month. By * * * (painter and writer). (13) The House of Commons : Its procedure, laws, and customs. By * * * M.P. This is a programme which I imagine would “catch on.” The magazine must be illustrated. Nearly all these things would be serials, running for six months or more, to be published by the house which owns the magazine after its run. I am not a philanthropist, nor do I desire very much to put money into the pockets of any London publisher. But I do desire to see our English magazines rise out of the slough into which they seem rapidly sinking, and take their place once more in the front, and this can only be effected by doing exactly what the American magazines are doing. I am quite convinced that the reign of the casual contributor is long since over and done, and that editing cannot be done while one eats his lunch, nor even over a cup of afternoon tea. CoNTRIBUTOR. II.-GRAMMATICAL USE OF “NOR.” Mr. Skeat's sentiments about grammar seem to me somewhat anarchical. No doubt grammar has grown up out of usage; but it has rules, which cannot be infringed with impunity. Good writers often permit themselves to fall into slip- shod English, but that does not make slipshod writing good style. I should like to know why it is logically correct to say, “It did not rain nor blow.” It seems to me to involve a double nega- tive. And the length of a sentence cannot, surely, make any difference. In the sentence given by Mr. Skeat as a lengthened one, there is another verb, which does make a difference. It would, I think, be quite correct to say, “It did not rain nor did it biow,” but it seems to me both more correct and more elegant to say, “It did not rain or blow,” than “It did not rain nor blow.” The sentence is equivalent to “It did. not either rain or blow.” If “Mätzner shows that even good authors occasionally use neither— or instead of neither—nor,” he shows, I think, simply that good authors are sometimes careless; no good author could intentionally write such abominable grammar. H. A. FEILDEN. Surely Professor Skeat's lengthened sentence has nothing to do with the first. He has lengthened “It did not rain nor did it blow,” where “or,” would be obviously wrong. The repetition of “did it’ disjoins rain and blow, connected in “It did not rain or blow.” If “did '' relates to “blow,” “nor’’ is a double negative. Every one who wishes to “appreciate’”  ## p. 81 (#95) ############################################## TILE AUTIIOR. 8 I mistakes should study the rather hypercritical, but invaluable, “Hodgson's Errors in the Use of English.” G. III–WHAT is PERMIssible? On reading an article in the Pall Mall Gazette, “The Wares of Autolycus,” on Persian Women, July 3, 1894, the language seemed strangely familiar to me. On comparing the article with my book, “The Land of the Lion and Sun” (Macmillan's 1883, p. 322), I discovered that out of 759 words of which the article was com- posed, 577 were mine, and 182 those of the inge- nious author. I saw the editor of the Pall Mall Gazette, who expressed his surprise, and promised that I should hear from the author. I did so, and was some- what astonished to learn that the author had never read my book, though he had heard it quoted. But on turning to the “Encyclopædia Britannica,” article Persia, I find my description of costume given (and acknowledged), which might account for this statement. But what I want to know from you, Mr. Editor, is, what is the exact amount that can be “extracted” without acknowledgment, and how little can be added to constitute an original article? What must be the ratio of sack to the half-penny- worth of bread P Is it, as in the present case— sack, one part ; extract, three-fourth parts. C. J. WILLs, Author “Land of the Lion and Sun.” P.S.—Since writing the above I have again seen the editor P. M. G., who handed me a letter from the writer of the article, in which he acknow- ledges his indebtedness to the “Encyclopædia Britannica,” a foot-note in which would have told him that the information as to Persian costume was obtained from me. I inclose the article, and with the editor's P. M. G. consent I write you. IV.-CorrecTIONs. A correspondent writes: “In Professor Skeat's interesting grammatical note on the use of ‘nor,” in the last number of The Author, the name of the translator of Mätzner's ‘English Grammar’ is given as Grice ; this is a misprint, it should be Grece. The learned work, published in 1874 by Murray, has long been out of print, I believe, and a new revised edition, undertaken by Dr. Grece—who now practises as a lawyer—in conjunc- tion with a professed English philologist, would be of great advantage to students of English. “The second correction refers to the name of the editor of Halm’s ‘Griseldis,’ published at the Oxford University Press, which should read: Buchheim.” - W.—REMAINDERs. º With regard to par. 4, on pp. 429-30, concern- ing publishers' agreements and remainder sales, the following suggestion may be useful: A printed agreement form sent me by a pub- lishing firm contained this clause : “As to copies sold in the United Kingdom or elsewhere by auction or privately to a dealer at reduced prices, or by way of “remainder,” at the amounts actually received in respect thereof.” This clause I naturally objected to, since it left my affairs entirely to the publishers’ discretion, and abrogated entirely any claim of mine to have a voice in such sales at reduced prices. I there- fore struck out the whole clause, and inserted the following:} - “That no sale shall be made at reduced prices in any way unless by the author's written con- sent.” This alteration, which was at once accepted by the publishers without any demur or difficulty, appears to me to safeguard the author very effectually. - A FREE LANCE. *-* -º r- - - B00K TALK. M [* ULICK R. BURRE has written a life of Benito Juarez, which necessarily brings before us once more the modern history of Mexico and its relations with European policy. Juarez, it will be remembered, was the Constitutional President of the Mexican Republic, an office to which he properly passed from the post of Vice-President. This is a point which Mr. Burke considers of great importance, because it shows the strength of Juarez's position, and also the illegality of the attempts to remove him made by monarchical and other pretenders. Mr. Burke persists in calling Juarez an Indian, though he is careful to say that he was of the “pure blood of the Zapotecs; ” that is, he was not a Toltec, or a Chichinec, or even an Aztec. But when one has been at some pains carefully to distinguish these tribes, surely it is lost labour to put them altogether again and call one’s hero an Indian. Benito Juarez then, was a Zapotec, for his father and mother were of the pure blood of the Zapotecs; he was born in 1806, entered the Mexican Congress in 1832, and became President in 1857. The leading features of the new constitution chiefly due to him, and which was promulgated in that year, were, Mr. Burke says: A free press, freedom of meeting, equal civil rights, com- plete religious toleration, the abolition of special tribunals, of heriditary honours, of monopolies of all unjust privileges.  ## p. 82 (#96) ############################################## 82 TIII) A UTIIOIR. By which it will appear that Juarez deserved to succeed—he represented the cause of freedom just as much as his opponents represented the cause of slavery. Mr. Burke retells the story of the ill-fated Maximilian—a prince who was never able to distinguish the regulation of a court and the duties of courtiers from the governing of a country and the duties of citizenship—and shows how he was the tool of the clerical and absolutist faction, and that between the schemes of the Jesuits and the schemes of Napoleon III., it is no wonder a weak man became a criminal. So that, apart from the interesting story Mr. Burke has to tell, his volume becomes one of general utility as a warning against the kind of Government or want of government which is sure to obtain where ministers of religion are permitted to influence ministers of State. Burke's book has received praise from the financial press, and those interested will find the history of the Mexican debt carefully told. It is not very long ago that an evening contemporary, interviewing the editor of the Intransigeant, drew from him the remark that la haute politique was becoming nothing more than la haute finance. If that be so, it is instructive to read in these pages how the worn-out Statecraft of Europe over- reached itself in its dreams of manipulating the supposed wealth of a comparatively new country. Indeed, there seems to have been no end to the attempts made to exploit Mexico for the benefit of the Emperor and the Church. Of the three, Napoleon III., Pius IX., and Maxi- milian, so far as Mexico is concerned, only one got his deserts. As for Juarez, he remains the “great President’’ in the memory of his people. - Mr. John Willis Clark, F.S.A., has published his Rede Lecture of this year, on Libraries in the Mediaeval and Renaissance Periods (Macmillan and Co.). He traces the growth of the library, especially, in churches and monasteries, from the earliest beginnings to the Renaissance. It does not appear that the custom of giving books to churches, which began the Christian Library, was long maintained. Augustine gave his books to the church of Hippo to form a library. Althousand years later Caxton bequeathed books to St. Mar- garet's, but to be sold. An occasional king, an occasional bishop, formed libraries, but the real home of the Mediaeval library was the monastery. his was not a stately room, but simply a wooden press set up in a recess in the cloisters in which the books were kept, vertical as well as horizontal partitions being set up, so that the books should not get damp or be packed close to each other. At Christ Church, Canterbury, at the beginning of the fourteenth century there were 698 volumes. We may also note that Mr. all kept in presses put up wherever room could be found for them. As the books increased in number, a room became necessary. The Canter- bury library was built between 1414 and 1443; that of Durham about the same time. The monks were enjoined to spend a part of their time in reading. Benedict's Rule orders that at the beginning of Lent every monk was to have a book given him, which he was to read through before the end of Lent. The nature of the work, or its length, seems to have been unconsidered. The arrangement of desks, seats, and books, the chain- ing of books, and the lending of books, are treated in this little volume, which is a valuable con- tribution to the history and the literature of the library, whether regarded as a museum, i.e., the temple or haunt of the Muses, a place which is haunted by the men of the past, or as a modern workshop; a place where things are to be found and learned, or “as a gigantic mincing machine, into which the labours of the past are flung, to be turned out again in a slightly altered form as the literature of the present.” Mr. Mackenzie Bell’s monograph on “Charles Whitehead,” a forgotten genius, has been re- issued as a new edition, if edition it can properly be called. There is new matter in the volume in the shape of an appreciation of Whitehead by Mr. Hall Caine, and there is a new preface in which the author recounts certain circumstances which he writes “have rendered a re-issue of the unbound * remainder “ of my volume desirable.” Of the book itself it may be said that Mr. Bell has executed his task with excellent taste, for he has made it clear that the story of the author's life must not be taken into account in judging his literary merit. Note is taken of the high opinion in which Whitehead was held by Rossetti, Professor Wilson, Lord Lytton, and Douglas Jerrold, chiefly as the author of “Richard Savage.” - Miss Eleanor Tee has written a book for young women and girls entitled “This Everyday Life.” It has a preface by the Rev. C. Pickering Clarke, in which the object of the work is thus described: “The book is designed to give working women and girls a true insight into the meaning of that life here, which seems so heavily weighted by the obligation to work.” Miss Tee has set herself the difficult task of bringing home the idea of the “dignity of labour to some of the workers whose duties are styled service.” Mr. Thomas McCarthy, instructor in gymnas- tics, has written for the “use of public elementary schools,” in accordance with the new code, “An Easy System of Physical Exercises and Drill.” The directions given are intended for those other  ## p. 83 (#97) ############################################## TIIE. A UTIIOIR. 83 than drill serjeants who wish to learn how to drill school boys and school girls. From the great number of the directions and their complex nature it is clear the new code must demand a very comprehensive system of muscular training. We are aware that many parents are not entirely satisfied with the reasons given for the compulsory drilling of their children, and, if they are at all in ignorance of what that system is, Mr. McCarthy’s book can teach them. English people other than yeomanry cavalry and militia have been drilled for years, but it is a common remark that if they have to march in procession—unfortunately a growing custom—they do it very badly. Perhaps Mr. McCarthy’s book will help to change that. It is published by W. H. Allen and Co. Mr. Robert Bingley’s “Borderlands,” a volume of poems, religious and secular, including some translations, has passed into a second edition. It is published by the Oxford University Press. Every Saturday evening for a good many weeks —or months—the readers of the JWestminster Gazette were invited to read a most charming little dialogue, full of cleverness, epigram. The epigrams were not barbed, nor were they intended to wound, nor was the cleverness obtruded. These delicate and sprightly things were signed A. H. They are now collected and published at the office of the JWestminster Gazette. And they are the work of Mr. Anthony Hope, author of the “Prisoner of Zenda.” Mr. Julian Sturgis has issued a volume of poems (Longman and Co.), in which he proves that his power as a writer of verse is equal to that of a writer of prose. Mr. R. E. Salwey has completed a new novel, called “Ventured in Wain,” which will be pub- lished in September by Messrs. Hurst and Blackett in two-volume form. Miss Frances Mary Peard's novel, “An Interloper,” which has been running as a serial in Temple Bar, will be published in two-volume form by Messrs. Bentley and Son, and simul- taneously by Messrs. Harpers in America. Mr. Anthony C. Deane will publish, in the early autumn, a volume of light verse, reprinted from the magazines and journals in which it first appeared. Among them are Punch, where the larger part was first produced, the Cornhill, Longman's, Temple Bar, St. James's Gazette, the Globe, the Westminster Gazette, the Pall Mall Gazette, the Granta, and Vanity Fair. The publishers are Messrs. Henry and Co. Mr. R. Thistlethwaite Casson, author of “Bonnie Mary,” “A Modern Ishmael,” “The Doctor's Doom,” and many other successful serials, has been commissioned by Mr. George Newnes, M.P., to write a series of novelettes for the “Illustrated Penny Tales,” now being published by George Newnes Limited. - - Mrs. Preston has translated some of the poems of Friedrich von Bodenstedt, which will be pub- lished by the Roxburghe Press early in August under the title of “The Mountain Lake.” Mrs. Stevenson, the author of “Mrs. Severn,” published by Messrs. R. Bentley and Son, and which the Guardian compared for power with “Janet's Repentance,” has another story on intemperance now in the press. It is appearing first in the Temperance Chronicle, whose critic judged “Mrs. Severn " as “the most powerful temperance story that has ever been written,” and later it will form one of the C.E.T.S. Azalea series. Its title is “Helena Hadley.” Last year Messrs. R. Bentley and Son published “Mrs. Elphinstone of Drum ” for the same writer. A second edition of “A Girl’s Ride in Iceland,” by Mrs. Alec Tweedie, will appear in a few days. It will be published by Horace Cox. Mrs. James Suisted sends us a lively little volume, published at Dunedin (Otago Daily Times Office), New Zealand. It is a record of travel, and is called “From New Zealand to Norway.” It is, perhaps, useless to wish for a book published only in a colony success in the English book market. Mr. E. St. John Fairman, 66, Southampton- row, W.C., publishes his new book himself. It is called “An Electric Flash on the Egyptian Question.” A copy of Mrs. Dixon's book on “Columbia.” has been graciously accepted by the Queen. It was presented by Sir Henry Ponsonby. By the publication of “A Seventh Child” (F. W. White and Co.) in one volume instead of two, John Strange Winter has been the first among popular authors to adapt herself to the new state of things brought about by the circulars issued by Smith and Mudie on special library editions. “A Seventh Child” deals with the subject of clairvoyance, and derives its title from the super- stition that “the seventh child of a seventh child is gifted with the second sight.” The story, which records the experiences of such child, has been running as a serial in Mrs. Stannard's magazine Winter’s Weekly. Professor Raleigh has written a book for Murray’s “University Extension Manuals” on the history of the English novel, from its origin to Sir Walter Scott. Could not the history be  ## p. 84 (#98) ############################################## 84 TIIE AUTHOR. extended, so as to include Thackeray, Dickens, Reade, Collins, Kingsley, George Eliot, the Brontës, and Mrs. Gaskell? ... The papers have been full of discussions, letters, and leaders on the subject of the three-volume novel. A collection of cuttings has been made by Mr. Thring, on which we may find an opportunity of speaking in the next number. Some of the papers speak as if the novel must be killed when the three-volume form is abandoned. Will not the libraries, then, take any of the one- volume form P. The following remarks are taken from the St. James's Gazette. In the second line, for the “Incorporated Society of Authors” read “those who are novelists in the Society of Authors,” the resolution of the council having been adopted mainly in consequence of their singular unanimity. The novelists on our list form perhaps one-fourth of the whole number. Nor have the “Authors”—meaning the society —said a word in their resolution on the subject of the libraries. “The three-volume novel seems to be in the painful position of Mr. Pickwick in the Pound— of having no friends. The Incorporated Society of Authors has, with only a single dissentient, pronounced against it ; and that society has been generally regarded as having especially at heart the interests of young novelists, in whose favour chiefly the three-volume system has been supposed to operate. The Authors argue that the only possible persons to profit by the plan were the libraries, who under it became monopolist middle- men between the producers and consumers of all new novels for the most profitable period. Yet the late M. Mudie protested that he hated it; and it is the libraries whose present action has threatened its continued existence. The three- volume novel looks as if it were going to die without any mourner to drop the sympathetic tear —except, perhaps, the Bishop of London, who will be unable henceforward to begin his fiction with the third volume. “When it is gone we shall all begin to regret the easy print and ample margin; for, after all, for the really long novel it is the most agreeable form. ‘Middlemarch' and ‘Daniel Deronda,” are disagreeable enough in the single volumes, and without perseverance and good eyesight it needs faith or fashion to get one through the new ‘Marcella.' But the price of the three volumes was prohibitive, and the generality of the old custom of a first appearance in this form not easily defensible.” WHAT THE PAPERS SAY. CERTAIN REMEDIES. R. JOHNSTON'S remark that ‘ the books & 4 M of certain novelists had had a more potent effect on him than all the quinine and drugs he had introduced into Africa’ suggests a new vein for publishers' advertise- ments. Why not work the hygienic motive on which so many other advertisements rely with such success? As thus:— BESANT's World-FAMED CURE.-Unrivalled for Head- ache, Lassitude, and a Sluggish Liver. Worth a Guinea. a Volume. A Circulating Librarian writes:– “I take them regularly, and am now sensible of a marked improvement in my whole system.’ BLACK's Soot HING SYRUP (Highland Blend).-Indis- pensable when yachting. A sure preventive of mal de mer. Should be taken (on subscription) in all Climates. Put up in Uniform Doses; one quality throughout. An Analyst writes:—‘I have examined Mr. William Black's various Preparations. All the samples seem to be com- pounded of the same well-tried ingredients in various pro- portions, and can be warranted absolutely harmless, even for the most delicate. A Sound Family Medicine. Have you a nasty taste in your mouth on waking up in the morning (after reading Latter-day Fiction overnight) P Then TRY BLACK's Soo THING SYRUI”. For ANZEMIA : TRY RIDER HAGGARD.—From an African Recipe. Unrivalled for the Blood. The Young like it ; Children take it readily. PLAIN PILLS FROM THE HILLS.–(Registered Title.) Put up in Small Doses. An Anglo-Indian writes: “Please send me a fresh consignment.” Caution.—Insist on seeing R. Kipling’s Name on Label. DR. ConAN DOYLE's PRESCRIPTION.—A Certain Solu- tion. Equal to the most Obscure Cases. Does not fool about the place, but quickly finds out what is wrong, and puts it right. No Holmes without it.” JWestminster Gazette. Our Paris correspondent telegraphs: “M. Leconte de Lisle, Victor Hugo’s successor in the Academy, and since his death the chief French poet, died on Tuesday night from heart disease. He had an attack of pneumonia on Friday, from which he never rallied. He was born in 1820 in the island of Réunion, whither his parent had emigrated from Brittany. He was sent to Rennes to be educated, and in 1853 published “Poèmes Antiques.” A second volume, ‘Poèmes Bar- bares,” appeared in 1862, and in 1882 he issued * Poèmes Tragiques.’ These works made no bid for general popularity, but were addressed to the cultured few capable of appreciating artistic per- fection. He was, as it were, a sculptor in poetry. His love of the classics was shown by numerous translations, sometimes rugged, but admirably chiselled. In 1873 his tragedy “Les Erynnies’ was played at the Odéon, and in 1888 he published a second tragedy, “L’Apollonide,” which was  ## p. 85 (#99) ############################################## TIIE AUTIIOI?. 85 never acted. M. Gaston Deschamps, in the Temps, after dwelling on his superiority to all vulgar ambitions and artifices, says:—" He closes, or nearly so, the series of great poets who have given a voice to our century. His verses will long resound in our charmed and faithful memory. But we also lose in him a consoling example, an intellectual and moral authority, not easily re- placed. Fate would almost seem bent on un- crowning France. To lose in two years Taine, Renan, Leconte de Lisle are too many bereave- ments at once. Who will console us P Who will guide us on the uncertain road to truth and beauty P I see, indeed, in the throng of young contemporaries, admirers, disciples, and especially detractors of these illustrious men. I do not see their successors.’”—Times, July 19. *~ * ~ * LITERATURE AT OXFORD, D" LENTZNER will deliver five Free Public Lectures in Comparative Literature at Oxford, during the Michaelmas Term, 1894, viz., one in English, called “Some Aspects of Literature,” on Monday, Oct. 22, at noon ; two in English, on Björnstjerne Björnson, on Mondays, Oct. 29 and Nov. 5, at noon ; and two in German, on “Richard Wagner als Dichter,” on Mondays, Nov. I 2 and 19, at noon. >ec: NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS, Theology. BEECHING, REv. H. C. Seven Sermons to Schoolboys. With a Preface by Canon Scott Holland. Methuen. 2s. 6d. CANTERBURY, ARCHBISHOP OF. Echoes from the Choir of Norwich Cathedral, being the sermons preached when it was reopened after reparation. With an Introduction by the Dean of Norwich. Jarrold. 2s. 6d. CUST, ROBERT N., LL.D. Essay on the Prevailing Methods of the Evangelisation of the non-Christian World. Luzac and Co. GRAY, REv. DR. H. B. Men of Like Passions. Being sermons preached to Bradfield Boys. Longmans. 5s. HARTE, RICHARD. The New Theology. E. W. Allen. 2s. 6d. MACLAREN, A. Illustrations from Sermons of, edited and selected by J. H. Martyn. 3s. 6d. MALDONATUS, JoHN. A Commentary on the Holy Gospels —St. Matthew’s Gospel. Translated and edited from the original Latin by George J. Davie. Part II. John Hodges. Is. PRINCE, B. The World’s Malady: Its Root and Remedy. To which is added the Basis of Religion presented to us by the Parliament of Religions assembled at Chicago. Simpkin, Marshall. 38, 6d. - CAMPBELL, LORD ARCHIBAL.D. ScHoDEER, L. W. A Chapter of Church's History from South Germany. Translated by W. Wallis. Longmans. 38. 6d. SINCLAIR, ARCHDEACON. The English Church and the Canon Law. Fourth Charge. Elliot Stock. 6d. STRACEY, REv. W. J. Short Sermons on the Psalms. Fourth series, including Psalms lxxiii-cvi. Skeffingtons. SS. STUDIA SINAITICA, No. I. : Catalogues of the Syriac MSS. in the Convent of St. JKatharine on Mount Sinai, com- piled by Agnes Smith Lewis (Ios. 6d. net); STUDIA SINAITICA, NO. II., an Arabic version of the Epistles of St. Paul to the Romans, Corinthians, Galatians, with part of the Epistle to the Ephesians, from a 19th century MS. in the Convent of St. Katharine on Mount Sinai, edited by Margaret Dunlop Gibson (58. net). C. J. Clay. SweTE, PROFESSOR. The Apostle's Creed. C. J. Clay. 3s. TEE, ELEANOR. This Everyday Life. With a preface by the Rev. C. Pickering Clarke. George Bell. 2s. net. 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Title A name given to the resource The Author, Vol. 05 Issue 03 (August 1894) Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em>, Vol. 05 Issue 03 (August 1894) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013732253" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013732253</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1894-08-01-The-Author-5-3 publication The Author