https://historysoa.com/files/original/5/266/1894-07-02-The-Author-5-2.pdf dc66703ab12c2304ef0fae78c3069717 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource The Author Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, The Author, 1890–1914, made available together for the first time. Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&collection=&type=&tags=&exhibit=&date_search_term=&submit_search=Search+For+Items&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1894-07-02 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages Page range in volume 33–60 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18940702 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin C be El utb or, (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESAN. T. WoL. W.-No. 2.] JULY 2, 1894. [PRICE SIXPENCE. For the Opinions earpressed in papers that are signed or initialled the Authors alone are Tesponsible. Wome of the papers or para- graphs must be taken as earpressing the collective opinions of the committee unless they are officially signed by G. Herbert Thring, Sec. - HE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and requests that all members not receiving an answer to important communications within two days will write to him without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union Bank of London, Chancery-lame, or be sent by registered letter only. Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub- jects whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS. *~ * ~ * g- - -, WARNINGS AND ADVICE, I. T is not generally understood that the author, as the vendor, has the absolute right of drafting the agreement upon whatever terms the transaction is to be carried out. Authors are strongly advised to exercise that right. In every form of business, this among others, the right of drawing the agreement rests with him who sells, leases, or has the control of the property. 2. SERIAL RIGHTS.—In selling Serial Rights remember that you may be selling the Serial Right for all time; that is, the Right to continue the production in papers. If you object to this, insert a clause to that effect. 3. STAMP YOUR AGREEMENTs. – Readers are most URGENTLY warmed not to neglect stamping their agreements immediately after signature. If this precaution is neglected for two weeks, a fine of £10 must be paid before the agree- ment can be used as a legal document. In almost every case brought to the secretary the agreement, or the letter which serves for one, is forwarded without the stamp. The author may be assured that the other party to the agree- ment seldom neglects this simple precaution. The Society, to save trouble, undertakes to get all the agreements of members stamped for them at no eaſpense to themselves eacept the cost of the stamp. 4. AsCERTAIN WHAT A PROPOSED AGREEMENT GIVES To BOTH SLDES BEFORE SIGNING IT.-Remember that an arrangement as to a joint venture in any other kind of busi- ness whatever would be instantly refused should either party WOL. W. refuse to show the books or to let it be known what share he reserved for himself. r 5. LITERARY AGENTS.—Be very careful. You cannot be too careful as to the person whom you appoint as your agent. Remember that you place your property almost un- reservedly in his hands. Your only safety is in consulting the Society, or some friend who has had personal experience of the agent. Do not trust advertisements alone. - 6. CosT OF PRODUCTION.——Never sign any agreement of which the alleged cost of production forms an integral part, until you have proved the figures. 7. CHOICE OF PUBLISHERS.—Never enter into any cor- respondence with publishers, especially with those who ad- vertise for MSS., who are not recommended by experienced friends or by this Society. 8. FUTURE WORK.—Never, on any accownt whatever, bind yourself down for future work to anyone. 9. PERSONAL RISK.—Never accept any pecuniary risk or responsibility whatever without advice. Io. REJECTED MSS.—Never, when a MS. has been re- fused by respectable houses, pay others, whatever promises they may put forward, for the production of the work. II. AMERICAN RIGHTS.—Never sign away American rights. Keep them by special clause. Refuse to sign any agreement containing a clause which reserves them for the publisher, unless for a substantial consideration. 12. CESSION OF COPYRIGHT.-Never sign any paper, either agreement or receipt, which gives away copyright, without advice. 13. ADVERTISEMENTS. — Keep some control over the advertisements, if they affect your returns, by a clause in the agreement. I4. NEVER forget that publishing is a business, like any other business, totally unconnected with philanthropy charity, or pure love of literature. You have to do with business men. Be yourself a business man. Society’s Offices :- 4, PORTUGAL STREET, LINCOLN's INN FIELDs. *— — —” e= * HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY, I. VERY member has a right to ask for and to receive advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub- lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his business or the administration of his property. If the advice sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member has a right to an opinion from the Society’s solicitors. If the case is such that Counsel’s opinion is desirable, the Com- mittee will obtain for him Counsel’s opinion. All this without any cost to the member, E 2 ## p. 34 (#48) ############################################## 3+ THE AUTHOR. 2. Remember that questions connected with copyright and publisher's agreements do not generally fall within the experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually engaged upon such questions for us. 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books represented. This is in order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree- ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor- mation thus obtained may prove invaluable. 4. If the examination of your previous business trans- actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should take advice as to a change of publishers. 5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro- posed document to the Society for examination. 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks of every publish- ing firm in the country. 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen- dence of the writer. 8. Send to the Editor of the Author notes of everything important to literature that you may hear or meet with. *- - -º r- - - THE AUTHORS' SYNDICATE, EMBERS are informed : 1. That the Authors' Syndicate takes charge of the business of members of the Society. With, when necessary, the assistance of the legal advisers of the Syndi- cate, it concludes agreements, collects royalties, examines and passes accounts, and generally relieves members of the trouble of managing business details. 2. That the expenses of the Authors' Syndicate are defrayed solely out of the commission charged on rights placed through its intervention. Notice is, however, hereby given that in all cases where there is no current account, a booking fee is charged to cover postage and porterage. 3. That the Authors' Syndicate works for none but those members of the Society whose work possesses a market value. 4. That the Syndicate can only undertake any negotiation whatever on the distinct understanding that those negotia- tions are placed exclusively in its hands, and that all communications relating thereto are referred to it. 5. That clients can only be seen by the Director by appointment, and that, when possible, at least four days' notice should be given. 6. That every attempt is made to deal with the corre- spondence promptly, but that owing to the enormous number of letters received, some delay is inevitable. That stamps should, in all cases, be sent to defray postage. 7. That the Authors' Syndicate does not invite MSS. without previous correspondence, and does not hold itself responsible for MSS. forwarded without notice. 8. The Syndicate undertakes arrangements for lectures by some of the leading members of the Society; that it has a “Transfer Department * for the sale and purchase of journals and periodicals; and that a “Register of Wants and Wanted” has been opened. Members anxious to obtain literary or artistic work are invited to communicate with the Manager. - *. - There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in the Syndicate. NOTICES, HE Editor of the Awthor begs to remind members of the Society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and communications on all subjects connected with literature from members and others. Nothing can do more good to the Society than to make the Author complete, attractive, and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this work send their names and the special subjects on which they are willing to write P Communications for the Author should reach the Editor not later than the 21st of each month. All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate to the Editor any points connected with their work which it would be advisable in the general interest to publish. Members and others who wish their MSS. read are requested not to send them to the Office without previously communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in which they are received. It must also be distinctly under- stood that the Society does not, under any circumstances, undertake the publication of MSS. The Authors’ Club is now open in its new premises, at 3, Whitehall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary for information, rules of admission, &c. Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they have paid their subscriptions for the year P If they will do this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker’s order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the trouble of sending out a reminder. - Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the warning numbered (8). It is a most foolish and may be a most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest? Of course they would not. Why them hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign them- selves into literary bondage for three or five years P Those who possess the “Cost of Production ” are requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15 per cent. This means, for those who do not like the trouble of “doing sums,” the addition of three shillings in the pound on this head. In other words, if the cost of binding is set down in our book at eight pounds, to this must now be added twenty-four shillings more, so that it now stands at 389 4s. The figures in our book are as near the exact truth as can be procured; but a printer's, or a binder's, bill is so elastic a thing that nothing more exact can be arrived at. Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged in the “Cost of Production ” for advertising. Of course, we have not included any sums which may be charged for inserting advertisements in the publisher’s own magazines, or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too ## p. 35 (#49) ############################################## THE AUTHOR. 35 often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket, by inserting any number of advertisements in his own magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it. *- - - r- > -s LITERARY PROPERTY. I.—A CASE OF SECRET PROFITs. WHE case which was mentioned in the Author for March, 1893 (p. 353), and June, 1894, (p. 14), plain as it may have appeared, has now dragged along for some four years, The French writer, known by the nom de plume of “Léo Taxil,” had some reason or other for suspecting that his publishers were treating him unfairly as to the number of copies of his many books printed and sold, and that they were thus depriving him wholesale of his royalty per copy. He therefore called for an account which, when received in July, 1890, showed him some 438 in debt to the publishing firm. The author, naturally indignant, set in motion a criminal prosecution for “abuse of confidence.” The outcome of this move was that the publishers informed the author that they had unfortunately omitted from the account rendered two whole editions of one of his books, and that there was due to him in consequence 3133. At the same time they admitted that on his other works the number of copies sold had exceeded the figures shown in the account rendered to such an extent that the royalty due to the author was understated by 312O more, making £253 due to him instead of 398 due from him. But expert accountants were then put in by the courts to examine the firm’s books, and the total damage to the author was assessed by them at no less than £152O, for Léo Taxil's books, what- ever may be thought of them, have had a con- siderable circulation. The criminal prosecution therefore went on, though the legal proceedings are somewhat diffi- cult to reconcile. Here, however, is a resumé of the facts as taken from the Journal des Débats, the Gazette des Tribunawa, and the Siècle. To begin with, the correctional tribunal (a criminal court) acquitted the publishers, in Feb., 1892, of “abuse of confidence.” On appeal by the Public Prosecutor (and by the author also on the point of damages) a decision of the court above, in the following April, quashed the previous pro- ceedings as having been in error, because the facts as alleged would, if proved, constitute not mere “abuse of confidence,” but falsification of documents and criminal use of the same. Accordingly, in Feb., 1893, the case was sent down again (in spite of a fresh appeal from the publishers) for retrial in this sense. Eventually the publishers were again indicted for entering in their books, and in their accounts rendered, certain erroneous items, with the effect of depriving M. Léo Taxil of a portion of his “author's rights” to the extent of £152O. In the meanwhile, however, as the Gazette des Tribunaua, reports the case, the publisher had induced the author to desist, paying him £4600 (115,000 francs) as damages. But the court, nevertheless, compelled him to continue to appear in the case as an interested party. The case only came on for trial at the May assizes of this year, when the defence was that the admitted errors in the books were merely clerical, and that, according to a custom of the trade, publishers had a right to print for them- selves twenty copies of a work over and above every 100 copies acknowledged to the author. That is to say, that when an author receives royalty on 5000 copies, 6000 have actually been printed and sold. The Public Prosecutor having admitted that there were “extenuating circumstances” in favour of the accused, a Parisian jury acquitted them, while M. Léo Taxil was, in consequence of this acquittal, cast in the costs. How much these may be we know not, nor are we told what offence he had committed to merit this penalty; but it would be well for English authors who may purpose any professional work in France to make a careful mote of this strange case, and of that alleged secret custom of confiscating one in six of the copies of every edition as publisher's per- quisites. J. O’N. The following is the official report from the Gazette des Tribunawa . L'affaire dont a eu ä connaitre aujourd’hui la Cour d’Assizes mettait en présence, d'une part, M. Léo Taxil et son gendre, M. Joubert, et de l'autre, MM. Letouzey et Ané, editeurs. Il s'agit, non d’un procès de presse, mais d’une affaire de faux, engagée sur la plainte de M. Léo Taxil. C'est l’épilogue des nombreux incidents qui signalèrent les démélés de M. Léo Taxil avec ses éditeurs et dont le début remonte à 1892. Ceux-ci ont successivement publié un grand nombre de volumes et des brochures de M. Léo Taxil. Soupçonnant que ses éditeurs ne lui remettaient pas exactenment les droits d’auteur auxquels il avait droit, M. Léo Taxil, ne pouvant obtenir un relevé de compte exact, déposa une plainte contre eux. Une instruction fut ouverte qui se termina par la com- parution de M.M. Letouzey et Ané et de M. Picquoin, leur imprimeur, devant le Tribunal correctionnel sous la pré- vention d’abus deconfiance et de complicité. Tous trois furent acquittés (W. Gaz. des Trib. du 17 février 1892). Le ministère publie et M. Léo Taxil ayant fait appel, la Cour confirma le jugement de première instance en déclarant que les faits relevés à la charge des prévenus constitue- ## p. 36 (#50) ############################################## 36 THE A UTHOR. raient, s'ils étaient établis, des faux et non pas le délit d'abus de confiance (V. Gaz. des Trib. du 15 avril 1892), La Cour de Cassation, saisie d'une demande de règlement de juges et d'un pourvoi de MM. Letouzey et Ané, rejeta le pourvoi et renvoya les prévenus devant la Chambre des mises en accusation (V. Gaz. des Trib. du 12 février 1893). Un arrêt de cette chambre ordonna un supplément d'informa- tion à la suit de laquelle, l'imprimeur Picquoin a été écarté de la poursuite et MM. Letouzey et Ané renvoyés devant la Cour d'Assizes. C'est dans ces condition que ceux-ci se présentent aujourd'hui, devant le jury. L'accusation leurs reproche d'avoir porté sur leurs livres et dans leurs règlements de comptes, des chiffres inexacts, de manière à frustrer M. Léo Taxil d'une partie de ses droits d'auteur évaluée dans l'expertise à environ 38,ooo francs. Pour arriver à ce résultat MM. Letouzey et Ané auraient, non seulement indiqué un nombre de volumes inférieur à la réalité, mais aussi omis de mentionner deux éditions entières. Les accusés prétendent pour leur défense que les irrégu- larités constatées sont de simples erreurs de comptabilité ; que, de plus, d'après les usages de librairie, ils avaient le droit de tirer un nombre d'exemplaires supérieur de 2o p. IOO au chiffre officiel. L'expertise conteste l'exactitude de ces explications. • · Au cours de l'instruction MM. Letouzey et Ané ont obtenu de Léo Taxil son désistement, moyennant le paiement d'une somme de I 15,ooo francs, chiffre auquel a été évalué le préjudice éprouvé par celui-ci. M. Léo Taxil n'en a pas moins été assigné comme partie civile, qualité qu'il a prise dès le début de ces contestations. Il est assisté à l'audience par son gendre M. Joubert. Divers témoins sont entendus : M. Rossignol, expert, M. Eugène Moreau, éditeur, qui confirment les fait de l'accusa- tion. M. Picquoin, l'imprimeur primitivement compris dans les poursuites, fait une déposition embarrassée et très peu précise. M. Léo Taxil présente certaines explications et conteste les allégations des accusés. L'audience est levée à six heures et renvoyée à demain pour les réquisitions de M. l'avocat général Van Cassel, et les plaidoiries de M° Pouillet et de M° Georges Maillard, défenseurs des accusée. (Cour d'Assises de la Seine.—Présidence de M. le con- seiller Potier.—Audience du 28 mai.) · L'affaire de faux, suivie contre MM. Letouzey et Ané, éditeurs, sur la plainte de M. Leo Taxil, s'est terminée aujourd'hui devant la Cour d'Assises. M. l'avocat général Van Cassel soutient l'accusation ; il ne s'oppose pas à l'admission de circonstances atténuantes. M° Pouillet et Me Georges Maillard présentent la défense des accusés, qui sont acquittés. La partie civile est condamnée aux dépens. (Cour d'Assises de la Seine.—Présidence de M. le con- seiller Potier.—Audience du 29 mai.)—G. des T. 3o mai, I894. II.—PUBLISHING ON COMMIssIoN. It seems a method so fair and so simple. The author goes to a publisher and says : º Take my book and publish it. I will pay you for your trouble so much per cent. on all the sales.'' What can be fairer ? What, indeed ? Now, the following is an illus- tration of how the plan may work. This is an actual case which occurred yesterday. - First of all, the publisher demands payment in advance of the whole amount which, according to him, the book will cost. For himself, he pays the printer three or six months after the work is done. - If he takes six months'credit, he has the money to use for his own business purposes for this time. It is an addition to his working capital on which he calculates to make something like 2o per cent., but, if it is not to be considered working capital, it is money on which he may get interest at, say, 4 per cent. Next, he sends in an estimate lumping every- thing together, the said estimate being enormously overcharged. He explains that he has only allowed for binding of a certain number, He further notes, casually, that advertising is not included. But he points out that the sale will give the author so much for every hundred volumes sold. The luckless author falls into the trap, pays the money, calculates what he is to receive, and expects the returns. There will be so much profit, he thinks : he cannot lose anything. Alas ! He knows nothing : he actually forgets the adver- tising. There will be a tremendous bill on that account. And he forgets the corrections, and the remaining copies will have to be bound. Then there are the illustrations. Finally, the author, even when the whole edition has gone, will find himself a loser to the tune of a hundred pounds Ol" SO . In the case before us, the cost of production was overcharged by about 83o. The author stood to lose 87O on the most favourable result, viz., the sale of the whole edition. The publisher's profit would stand as follows : Overcharge of production s£3O O O Interest on money advanced (say)... 3 O O @ @ @ • • • • • • • • e Commission on sales .................. 23 O O Overcharge on binding the rest of the edition ........................... 3 O O Overcharge on advertisements reckoned on the same scale ...... 8 O O Illustrations overcharge on same scale ................................ I O O O Overcharge on corrections ............ 5 O O Whole profit ............ 4282 o o The reader will please observe these figures. Remark that, if not one single copy sells, the publisher makes 86o by the job, and the whole by secret profits ! And yet we are accused of " attacking pub- lishers " when we expose these tricks ! How, then, is an author to publish on commis- sion ? He must get advice from the Society on the proper firm to employ. He must then have ## p. 37 (#51) ############################################## THE AUTHOR. 37 an estimate showing the exact details on every point. This, with the agreement proposed, he must submit to the consideration of the secre- tary. # the publisher refuses to furnish the details, there is but one inference to be drawn. Meantime, let it be distinctly understood, when estimates are sent in, that the Society can get the work done at the prices given in the “Cost of Production,” with the change in the item of bind- ing, as advertised every month in the Author. III.-CANADIAN COPYRIGHT. Since the last article appeared in the Author on Canadian copyright, certain papers have been forwarded to the Society by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. The Society has taken the opinion of counsel on the papers. Mr. William Oliver Hodges, of 3, Paper- buildings, Temple, E.C., barrister, and Mr. G. Herbert Thring, secretary to the Society, have been appointed by the committee as delegates to attend the meetings of the Copyright Committee alluded to in the last number. The first meeting was held on Monday, June 25. A statement of what passed at this meeting will be printed, together with counsel's opinion on the papers on Canadian copyright, in next month's Author. IV.-AMERICAN COPYRIGHT. The Speaker, in recently reviewing an American book, said: “This book is twenty years old in America, and what is stated to be its fifth edition is now brought over here to be sold, having been printed and copyrighted in America by the American publisher, and then again copyrighted by him here, by entry at Stationers' Hall, as the liberal English law allows him to do. By the unfairly unequal American law—drafted and passed so as to be unfairly unequal—it is impossible for a book printed in England to be similarly copyrighted in the United States, for it must be first printed there too. Therefore this book is one of those by which the Yankee cobbler manages to cut a whang out of our leather.” W.—LIBRARIES AND NOVELS. The following circulars were published in the Daily Chronicle of June 30. At the moment of going to press we have not yet received a copy, but it may be supposed that the text is accu- rately printed, and first, Messrs. Mudie's runs as follows:— - - Owing to the constantly increasing number of novels and high-priced books, and to the rapid issue of the cheaper editions, the directors are compelled in the interests of the business to ask publishers to consider the following suggestions:— - - I. That after Dec. 31, 1894, the charge to the library for works of fiction shall not be higher than 4s. per volume, less the discount now given, and with the odd copy as before. | - II. That the publishers shall agree not to issue cheaper editions of novels, and of other books which have been taken for library circulation, within twelve months from the date of publication. The directors have no wish to dictate to the publishers, but, in making these suggestions, they point out the only terms upon which it will be possible in the future to buy books in any quantity for library use. - - The terms of Messrs. Smith and Son’s circular are these :— - For some time past we have noted with concern a great and increasing demand on the part of the subscribers to our library for novels in sets of two and three volumes. To meet their requisitions, we are committed to an expen- diture much out of proportion to the outlay for other kinds of literature. Most of the novels are ephemeral in their interest, and the few with an enduring character are published in cheap editions so soon after the first issue that the market we for- merly had for the disposal of surplus stock in sets is almost lost. You may conceive that this state of matters very seriously reduces the commercial value of the subscription library. We are therefore compelled to consider what means can be taken to improve this branch of our business. As a result of our deliberations, we would submit for your favourable consideration :- - (1) That after Dec. 31 next the price of novels in sets shall not be more than 4.s. per volume, less the discount now given, and with the odd copy as before. You will please observe that the date we name for the alteration of terms is fixed at six months from the end of this current month, in order that your arrangements may not be affected by the suggested alterations. - - (2) In respect of the issue of the cheaper editions, and the loss to us of our market for the sale of the best and earlier editions of novels and other works, through their publication in a cheaper form before we have had an opportunity of selling the surplus stock, we propose that you be so good as to undertake that no work appear in the cheaper form from the original price until twelve months after the date of its first publication. - The libraries, certainly, have a perfect right to name their own price within recognised bounds of fairness for a form of book which only exists for them. The price now proposed is, according to the Chronicle, 4s. a volume, discount and odd volume to remain as they are, i.e., 5 per cent. discount and twenty-five as twenty-four. This means 3s. 8d., within a very tiny fraction, per volume, or I Is. a copy. + The former price was not fixed; it varied with the library and with the house. If we take it at an average of 5s. a volume, with discount and the odd copy we have an average price of a little under I 4s. Let us suppose that there is a difference under the new tariff of 3s. a copy—a loss of 3s. a copy. , - . " - This loss must be met by the author as well as ## p. 38 (#52) ############################################## 38 THE AUTHOR. the publisher. It can be met by changing the royalty to that extent. The advertised price of 31s. 6d. has, in this case, nothing at all to do with the question, because the circulating libraries alone need be considered. The problem is therefore very simple. Given a reduction of 3s. a copy, how is that reduction to be met by the author P Clearly, by reducing the royalty by half that amount. Thus the reduction being by one-fifth the former price the publisher and the author must each bear the loss of one-tenth. Or the royalty would be thus adjusted: Suppose the author had a royalty of 6s. a copy, i.e., a fraction on the assumed price of one-third. It would now have to be 6s. less one-tenth the former price, i.e., 6s. less one-tenth of 15s., or 6s. less Is. 6d., i.e., 4s. 6d. Bow would this work out P An edition of IOOO copies costs nearly £200, and can be produced for less. It would, under the new tariff, sell for £550. The clear profit is, therefore, 3350. The author's share at 4s. 6d. a copy is 3225. The publisher's share would be £125. The editor will be very glad to receive suggestions and opinions on the above. WI.-AN IMPORTANT CASE. The reserved judgment of the Court of Appeal delivered by Lord Justice Lindley, reversing - the decision of Mr. Justice Stirling in the “Living Pictures” case, involved a point of great importance and interest in the law of copy- right. Herr Hanfstaengl, who is a German Art publisher, brought two actions asking for injunc- tions to restrain the directors of the Empire Palace Company Limited and the proprietors and publishers of the Daily Graphic from infringing his copyright in certain pictures. In the former case he complained that his pictures were repro- duced in the form of tableaua vivants upon the stage of the Empire Theatre, but Mr. Justice Stirling held that the representations of these pictures on the stage by means of living actors were not an infringement of the plaintiff’s copy- right, and that decision was affirmed by the Court of Appeal in February last. In the case of the Daily Graphic, the complaint was that accounts were published in that paper of the represen- tations at the Empire Theatre, which were illus- trated by sketches taken by artists who attended the theatre for that purpose. Although the newspaper illustrations were sketched from the living figures employed in the representations on the stage, the plaintiff contended that they were copies of the designs of his original pictures, and therefore were infringements of his copyright. Mr. Justice Stirling adopted that view, and granted an injunction restraining the proprietors and publishers of the newspaper from printing publishing, selling, or offering for sale, or other wise disposing of, any copies or colourable imitations of the copyright pictures of the plaintiff. From that decision the defendants have successfully appealed, and judgment was directed to be entered for them with costs both of the appeal and of the application in the court below. The plaintiff based his claim for pro- tection on the International Copyright Act of 1886 and the Order in Council thereunder of the 28th Nov. 1887, and on the English Copyright Act of 1862, and it is highly satisfactory that, alike on the consideration of the facts and circum- stances, and of the law as it has been laid down and is applicable to them, the Court of Appeal has unanimously determined that the plaintiff has suffered no wrong which these statutes were intended to redress, and that he is not entitled to the protection which he claimed. Lord Justice Lindley cited and adopted the definition long ago laid down by the late Mr. Justice Bayley of a “copy” as that which so closely resembles the original as to convey the same idea as that created by the original. Both Lord Justice Lopes and Lord Justice Davey, in the brief judgments in which they assented to that of Lord Justice Lindley, quoted with approval this definition; and, tried by that test, it could not be reasonably suggested that the rough sketches in the news- paper of the tableaua vivants at the Empire were copies of the original pictures of the plaintiff, and were calculated to injure his rights or depreciate the value of the original pictures. The learned Lord Justice emphatically declared that neither intentionally nor unintentionally, neither directly nor indirectly, had the artist of the Daily Graphic copied in the correct sense of the term the plain- tiff's pictures so as to infringe his copyright in them. He had not in the slightest degree repro- duced, or attempted to reproduce, the artistic merits and beauties of the original pictures, which indeed, he had never seen. The whole intention of the sketch was to give a rough and ready impression of the representations at the Empire Theatre, and there was no design of making gain by a colourable imitation or reproduction of the plaintiff's pictures. The court founded its decision on broad grounds and on a wide view of the aspects of the case and of the law. “Copy- right law and patent law,” said Lord Justice Lindley, “conferred monopolies on individuals in certain respects, thereby preventing people from doing that which otherwise it would be lawful for ## p. 39 (#53) ############################################## THE AUTHOR. 39 them to do, and they were designed to insure to those protected the enjoyment of the advantages of their own abilities when these took the form of pictures, designs, inventions, and so forth. So far as they did this, and did this only, they were just and right, but they were not to be made the instruments of oppression and extortion.” This sound principle, will commend itself to every reasonable and fair-minded judgment.—Times. g- - - THE AUTHORS' CLUB, I.-AT HOME. N the 3oth ult., at 4 o’clock in the afternoon, () the Authors’ Club were “at home * to a select number of guests of both sexes. In spite of inclement weather and frequent showers of rain the rooms were crowded with literary and artistic people. No doubt the pro- longed inclemency of the elements had hardened the heart against its dangers. Mr. Oswald Crawfurd, C.M.G., the chairman of the club, was present to welcome the arrivals, and he was seconded by Lord Monkswell, Mr. Walter Besant, and Mr. H. R. Tedder, the other directors. Lady writers were very well repre- sented, Mrs. W. K. Clifford, Madame Sarah Grand, the Misses Hepworth Dixon, Mrs. Craigie, Mrs. Humphrey Ward, Mrs. Croker, Mrs. Hodgson Burnett, and Miss Helen Mathers being among those present. ..at The meeting was a success, and no doubt the club will repeat the gathering in the winter in the same or some other similar way. Mr. Hall Caine has joined the Board of Directors, -- II.-IN NEW YORK. At the Authors Club of New York the following gentlemen were in May elected honorary members:—Alphonse Daudet (France), Maartin Maartens (Holland), Maeterlinck (Bel- gium), Walter Besant (Great Britain). *- - --" -- - -, THE SOCIETY OF AUTHORS, BEPORT of DINNER, 3 IST MAY, 1894. HE annual dinner of the Society of Authors T was held last night at the Holborn Res- taurant, Mr. Leslie Stephen presiding. The following is the list of the guests: E. A. Armstrong John Bumpus Mrs. Armstrong Miss Marie Belloc Oscar Browning Walter Besant WOT. W. Mrs. Walter Besant F. H. Balfour The Rev. Prof. Bonney W. H. Besant, Mackenzie Bell Poulteney Bigelow Mrs. Brightwen F. G. Breton Mrs. Oscar Beringer James Baker C. F. Moberley Bell Rev. Canon Bell, D.D. Rev. J. B. Baynard A. W. A. Beckett Thos. Catling Mrs. W. K. Clifford Miss K. M. Cordeaux and Guest Edward Clodd Miss Roalfe Cox and Guest Mrs. Craigie Mrs. McCosh Clarke Lieut.-Col. J. R. Campbell Miss Carpenter Sir. W. T. Charley R. Copley Christie Miss E. R. Chapman W. Morris Colles Mrs. Colles P. W. Clayden (President Institute of Journalists) Egerton Castle, F.S.A. Miss Lily Croft Professor Lewis Campbell Miss B. Chambers and Guest Moncure Conway Mrs. Custer E. H. Cooper H. Cust, M.P. John Davidson C. F. Dowsett Mrs. Dambrill Davies Arthur Dillon Austin Dobson A. Conan Doyle A. W. Dubourg Gerald Duckworth Miss Doyle Miss Duckworth Daily Graphic Daily News Daily Telegraph, Daily Chronicle A. Symons Eccles W. L. Ellis Mrs. Edmonds Mr. Edmonds Mrs. Walter Ellis Miss Agnes Fraser Mrs. Gerard Ford Prof. Michael Foster S. M. Fox Mrs. Gordon Henry Glaisher Alfred Giles (President In- stitute of Civil Engineers) Edmund Gosse Mrs. Aylmer Gowing J. C. Grant Mrs. Grant Dr. L. Garnett Miss Goodrich-Freer Miss H. F. Gethen Mrs. Gamlin Francis Gribble Mme. Sarah Grand Mrs. Spencer Graves Maj.-Gen. Sir F. J. smid, C.B. J. A. Goodchild A. P. Graves Miss Mabel Hawtrey Holman Hunt Bernard Hamilton Dr. Vaughan Harley E. G. Hobbes Miss W. Hunt Rev. W. Hunt Miss Hargreaves H. Holman F. de Haviland Hall Mrs. Wyndham Hill Clive Holland Comtesse Hugo Dr. Sophia Jex-Blake C. T. C. James Miss Kenealy A. C. Kenealy Rev. Dr. S. Kinns Lord Kelvin Royal Society) C. B. Roylance Kent. C. A. Kelly. Mrs. Lynn Linton Mrs. Long A. H. N. Lewers Sidney Lee Edmund Lee John Lane Sidney Low (St. James's Gazette) W. Meredith Mrs. W. Meredith • ' Rev. C. H. Middleton- Wake George Moore Mrs. Morgan Miss A. A. Martin Norman Maccoll Morning Post S. B. G. McKinney , Miss Helen Mathers and Guest Cosmo Monkhouse Miss Moss Gold- (President W. E. Norris Henry Norman The Lord Bishop of Oxford: John Warden Page Stanley Lane Poole Arthur Paterson Miss E. C. Pollock Sir F. Pollock, Bart., LL.D. Lady Pollock , -. D. H. Parry - Pall Mall Gazette The Queen W. Fraser Rae C. F. Rideal ## p. 40 (#54) ############################################## 4O THE AUTHOR. Miss Ross R. Sisley Percy Spalding Douglas Sladen T. Bailey Saunders Mrs. Steel Leslie Stephen Mrs. Leslie Stephen David Stott H. G. Sweet The Standard S. S. Sprigge M. H. Spielmann. Howard Swan Rev. Prof. W. W. Skeat, LL.D. Ballard Smith Colonel Sutherland J. Ashby Sterry The Times T. S. Townend G. H. Thring Mrs. G. H. Thring Sir Henry Thompson A. W. Tuer W. Moy Thomas Mrs. F. Moy Thomas Mrs. Tweedie E. Maunde Thompson (Chief Librarian British Museum) Miss Traver - Miss Tabberner - Miss E. Underdown John Underhill Mrs. J. Owen Visger Rev. C. Voysey Westminster Gazette Hagberg Wright Library) A. P. Watt, Theodore Watts W. J. Walsham Mrs. Woolastom White Miss B. Whitby W. H. Wilkins S. F. Walker Colonel Sir Charles W. Wilson, K.C.M.G. Arnold White Dr. Wallace P. F. Walker I. Zangwill (London The Chairman first proposed the health of the Queen. The Chairman next proposed “The Society of Authors.” He said: I have now to undertake a more difficult task. It is not that I have any doubt that you will receive with sympathy the toast which I am about to propose, for I am going to ask you to drink your own health. But, however much you may approve the Society of Authors, I think it highly probable that you will doubt whether I am the proper person to propose it. As a matter of fact, I not only doubt, but am rather convinced that I am a highly improper person to do so. I will, however, say in self-defence that when I was first asked to accept this honourable position, I declined it. I was foolish enough (it is inconceivable that any- one could have been so foolish at my time of life) to give a reason, and of course my reason not only broke down, but recoiled upon myself in the way that reasons always will recoil. (Laughter.) My reason is, that I had not the honour to be a member of this Society, and it puts me in rather an uncomfortable dilemma, because the question naturally occurs, why am I not a member of the Society P I feel a great difficulty in answering it. I could not say, what would have been conclusive, that I disapproved of the Society on high moral grounds. (Laughter.) In the first place, it would not have been polite, and in the second place, it would not have come so near the truth as even those deviations which I generally allow myself will permit. I myself feel that my real reason is one which I must decline to confide to you, and I must be content to give you in imaginary reason which will answer for the present occasion. I will suggest as, at least, a possible reason, that in the first place I do not like to dwell upon my own mental defects and moral obliquities; I am attached to them, but do not like to intrude them upon others. I would suggest perhaps a more plausible, but still, perhaps, not the true, reason—namely, that I am known to most of you, not so much as an author as an editor. Now, you are aware that an editor is a kind of equivocal being, and that he resembles the bat in AEsop's fable, who was equally at war with the birds and with the beasts. The birds, of course, find their analogue in the author who soared into the literary heavens; as for the beasts, perhaps I had better not attempt to specify what would corre- spond to them. (Laughter.) Now, as an editor, I know what view the authors take of me. I remember a long time ago receiving a frank con- fession from a young gentleman (I hope he is wiser now) who had written a tragedy in five acts upon a subject which he had discovered in course of his researches into history. I believe it was Mary Queen of Scots (I may mention that I am not referring to Lord Tennyson)–(laughter) —and when I declined to publish this tragedy in the next number of the magazine which I was then editing, the author informed me that my refusal was due to a base jealousy, which was not surprising, as my own attempts to rival Shake- speare had never got into print. He was kind enough to add, that there was nothing to be ashamed of in this, because, he said, my occupa- tion was such as would have deadened any sense of justice or fair play, even in an angel, and he had no reason to believe that my qualities had ever been angelic. Now you will understand, that the class of persons who is regarded in this way by the unthinking author is apt to see the weaknesses of authors. I occasionally became aware of their little vanities, of their self-illusions, of their conviction that they are the objects of the demoniacal malignity of a clique of critics. I must add that I should have been a much harder hearted person than I believe I am, if I had not also learnt to see a great deal of the hardships of a literary career, and to sympathise with those who suffer. I had the honour to succeed to the cushion occupied by Thackeray before me, and I have found that some of the thorns of which Thackeray spoke are still left in it. I had to read letters from the decayed lady who had a widowed mother or a small family dependent upon her exertions, and who tried to brush up her old recollections of French, and expected to make a living by translating from that recondite language. There was something ridiculous, but a great deal more that was pathetic in such letters. I have had to ## p. 41 (#55) ############################################## THE AUTHOR. 41. deal with many of those people who in the last century would have been ridiculed and taunted with their poverty as occupants of Grub-street. When I had to cut down contribu- tions from such gentlemen to about a third of the length of that they had sent me, I used to feel that I was taking a crust from a beggar and scraping off the butter, and yet my action, how- ever cruel it might appear, was necessary, and was received on the whole with an amount of common sense and consideration for which I Ought to be grateful. I do not know whether I ever snuffed out a heaven-born genius. If I did, I am very sorry; but I snuffed him out so effectually that he has never been able to make any protest. People are apt to fall on the critics who extinguished Keats and poo-poohed Wordsworth. We are quite clear that we are much wiser, and yet I know one or two men, whom every one now honours, who have had to go through a long probation of disregard and contempt. I must confess that, with all respect to the critics of to-day, I do not think they are infallible, and I cannot help fancying it possible that some fifty years hence someone may point out how wrongly they have acted to the rising geniuses whose names none of them know at the present moment. I have only re- ferred to this to show that I have seen some of the seamy side of the author's profession, and I claim to have sympathised with their sufferings, and to be very anxious to see the pro- fession raised by every possible means. There are various opinions as to the best way in which that could be done; some people are of the opinion that authors ought to be paid for their writings; some are of the opinion that every promising aspirant should receive a good salary from Government, and that it should be left to their sense of honour to turn out whatever work seemed to them best. I am of the opinion that, considering how pleasant an occupation writing is, and how valuable it is to read what we write, perhaps the right plan would be for a future Chancellor of the Exchequer to lay a heavy tax on the luxury, and to make everybody who is impertinent enough to suppose that what he said would be of value to the public, pay for it. I won’t, however, argue the question, because I am afraid that I should not have either a sympa- thetic or impartial audience. I have no doubt that authors will be paid, and will want to be paid more for some years to come, and I also feel that there will always be more or less of that difficulty which naturally occurs now in the rela- tions between authors and publishers. The author is a man of genius, sometimes; he is always sensitive ; he is apt to place an excessive WOL, W. value upon the children of his own brain ; and if his work fails he is rather inclined to throw the blame upon any other cause than his own stupi- dity. The author is apt to be one of those persons to whom a balance-sheet is a source of hopeless bewilderment; he is rarely a man of busi- ness; while on the other hand the publisher is a man of business, and has that peculiar talent in which all men of business are so conspicuous, the talent for proving that he is always losing by his business, and yet of living as if his business were distinctly profitable; and very often he has had to console himself for the losses which he made by speculating in unsuccessful literature by accepting some of the profit made out of the brains of men of genius. Undoubtedly such a relation must be a very difficult one, and so far as this Society endeavours to put it on a better basis I most heartily and cordially sympathise with the work which it is doing. Undoubtedly it is desirable that when bargains are made, and when the author is for the time in partnership with the publisher, they should distinctly under- stand the terms on which they come together, and that they should take advantage of the experience of their comrades in making terms in such a form that it is not likely to lead to mis- understandings, and that honourable men on both sides may be brought together and put in such a position that if any misunderstanding arise it must be a mere accident, and not involve any disagreeable suspicion on either side. That is, I believe, a state of things which you are endeavouring to bring about, and there- fore, as I have said, I most cordially wish you success. Mr. Stephen coupled the toast of “The Society” with the name of Sir Frederick Pollock. In responding, Sir Frederick Pollock said: My Lord Bishop, ladies and gentlemen, the first thing which I must express in the name of the Society is the great pleasure which we all feel in having Mr. Leslie Stephen as our chairman. If there is to be found a worthy representative of the higher art of literature I think Mr. Leslie Stephen is that representative, but as Mr. Stephen is a very old friend of mine, and I am speaking not in my personal capacity, but in the name of the Society, it would be unfair to take the words out of the mouth of Mr. Gosse, who will have something to say on the subject. At present the question of Canadian copyright is the most urgent matter under our notice, and within a few weeks a joint committee will probably be formed, representing this Society, the Copyright Associa- tion, the Iondon Chamber of Commerce, and possibly other bodies, and I hope that that com- mittee will be able to do some useful work in strengthening the hands of the home authorities. F 2 ## p. 42 (#56) ############################################## 42 THE AUTHOR. Some people think that our Society encourages nothing but light literature, and that we look to nothing but a rapid sale of our volumes. I will simply observe that I have here at my right hand one of our most serious writers of literature, the Bishop of Oxford. He has shown us how litera- ture in the highest sense can be dealt with. The Bishop is one of those whom I was proud to count among my colleagues for a few years at Oxford. He has done more than write a classical history; he has shown us what history is and how history ought to be treated. Mr. Conan Doyle has shown us the legitimate use of history for the purposes of (what is called) lighter literature. The Society will doubtless join me in the hope that he will lose no time in giving us another “White Company.” I ask you, therefore, to couple the toast of Literature with the name of the Bishop of Oxford and that of Mr. Conan Doyle. The Bishop of Oxford, in responding, said: “Mr. Stephen, ladies and gentlemen, I will not waste your time by telling you how very grateful I am for the kind reception given to me. When I was told last week that it would be my duty to return thanks on behalf of the serious side of literature, I began to think what I should say. In the first place, I was not quite sure what serious literature was, and in the second place, I am not quite sure whether my writings are such as to entitle me to reply to the toast. I have written many hundred- weights of books, and have been frequently asked how I acquired my “style.’ I reply by saying I do not know that I have any special style; but, if I had, I acquired it by writing two sermons every week. I only wish that I could have answered better for the great society which I have been called upon to represent.” - Mr. Conan Doyle said: “While I had rather that it had been in other hands than mine, I am still glad that fiction should be represented on this occasion. It is an honour, and fiction is accustomed to be more popular than honoured. Our Colleagues of poetry, of science, and of history have made their way as high as the House of Peers and the Privy Council. But fiction has always been the Cinderella of the family. When her fair sisters go to the prince's ball, she remains behind with her wicked stepmother the critic. But she has her compensation. She still has that good old fairy godmother, and her name is Imagi- nation. With her aid, it is still as easy as ever to turn the pumpkin into the carriage and the white mice into steeds. One might even do more. With her help one might imagine that all is well with fiction, that among the successful business men from whom the peerage is recruited a place had been found also for a Scott, a Dickens, or a Thackeray; or, to come to more modern instances, that the State had shown its recognition of work done by such men as Charles Reade in the past, or Walter Besant in the present. We are periodi- cally informed by the papers, which are usually owned and edited by knights and baronets, that State recognition does not increase the prestige of the literary man. It is true. It does not increase the prestige of the author. But it enormously increases the prestige of the State. Still, come what may, we have our own kingdom of fiction, and in it we can all be kings and queens. But that kingdom has, in this country, well defined boundaries. We know how these frontiers run. To the north we are bounded by the Glasgow baillie, to the south the young ladies' seminary, and then to the east and west, of course by the two great circulating libraries. Still, it would be idle to deny that within these limitations there is room for plenty of good work. And our frontiers. are enlarging. Within the last ten years several noble novels have come from the pens of men and women which would have been, I think, impos- sible a decade earlier. It is becoming year by year more understood that it is not the indication of vice, but its glorification, which is objection- able, and that the most immoral thing which can befall literature is that it should be entirely divorced from life and truth. Fiction is at present in a state of unrest and fermentation, Some critics, I know, say that the old tree is barren, but it seems to me that I see green shoots on all her branches. I believe from my heart that the present generation will uphold the glorious inheritance which has come down to us, and will pass it on to our posterity in a manner which shall not be unworthy. Mr. EDMUND GossE.—Sir Frederick Pollock, my Lords, ladies, and gentlemen. —It is my pleasant duty to ask you to fill your glasses, and drink to the health of our chairman, Mr. Leslie Stephen. It Ought not, I think, to be difficult to speak appropriately of one who has himself spoken so wisely and so genially of a host of others. No one here to-night but must feel a debt of gratitude for some gift or other of Mr. Leslie Stephen's, But, as the Society of Authors, we welcome him among us with unusual cheer- fulness, because he is one of the prodigal fathers of our society. He is one of the very few leading men of his generation who have always looked out of window when anybody spoke of the Society of Authors. He has been not with us, and there- fore against us. He is now with us, and will for the future always be for us. We rejoice over Mr. Leslie Stephen more than over ten celebrities who have been perfectly kind to us from our foundation. If we regard the literary career of our chair- ## p. 43 (#57) ############################################## THE AUTHOR. 43 man of to-night, we are struck, I think, first of all, by the width and catholicity of his sym- pathies, and then by the curious fate which has driven him from one corner of the intellectual province to another. He has been an authority on mountaineering and on ethics, and alternately at home with the founders of deism and with the makers of dictionaries. He began literary life, I think, as one of those who, conscious of their unconfessed offences, voluntarily make them- selves excessively uncomfortable with penitential hard labour in the Alps. Flung from peak to peak, and picking himself up at last, more dead than alive, at the foot of a glacier, he decided in future to spend his hours in the shelter of a library. And there he began a new thing; there he took down book after book, and talked to us about them, not as one of the pedantic Sanhedrim, but easily, confidentially, penetra- tively. He was dragged out of his library to become editor of the Cornhill Magazine, and now a wider work of influence began. I think he must be a little moved to-night to see around him here not a few of those whom he marshalled and encouraged in the pages of that serial, then unquestionably the most purely literary magazine which has ever been issued in this country. It was in the capacity of a contributor to the Cornhill that my own acquaintance with our chairman began, just twenty years ago. It was quite a little close corporation, and there were always wel- come, before they were welcome elsewhere, many who are widely known to-day — Mr. Thomas Hardy, Mr. Norris, Mr Austin Dobson, Mr. Grant Allen, our lamented friend John Addington Symonds, you, Sir, yourself, and many whom I do not at this moment recall. And to these, one day in 1875, was added a new writer who signed himself R. L. S. I have a letter from our chair- man, written at that time, in which he says, replying to a question of mine, “The initials are not those of the Real Leslie Stephen, as a friend of mine suggests, but of a young Scotchman from Edinburgh, called Robert Louis Stevenson.” Everyone of these, I think I may boldly say, looks back to the patient encouragement, the cordial and tireless sympathy of the best of editors with genuine gratitude. In those early days, as many of us remember, and as he himself no doubt forgets, there was no one who laughed more gaily at the trivialities of biographical literature, or who less resembled Dr. Dryasdust. It is whispered to me that a letter exists in which Mr. Leslie Stephen repudiates with contempt the man who cares to know who any other man's grandmother was. Ah! the irony of fate | Some twelve years ago, he was called upon to undertake a colossal work, the very essence of which depends upon knowing everything about everybody’s grandmother, nay, more, upon being familiar with all those mysterious consangui- nities which we read on summer Sundays at the back of the church-door. Well, he took up this task, too, as he has taken up so many others, with perfect good-nature, with exhaustive erudition, with combined energy and patience, and we all know what he made of it. But now he is released at last, this weary Titan of National Biography. He has shaken off the cousins' sisters and the mother-in-law’s nieces' husbands of genius. He can come back to literature, and that is where we love to see him. We love to see him here, at the table of the Society of Authors, and I beg you all to join with me in testifying your satisfaction. Mr. Leslie Stephen! ar- - -s REAL AUTHORS, To the City Editor of the Pall Mall Gazette. SIR,-A paragraph-writer in this morning's press on the dinner of the Society of Authors is pleased to remark on the small proportion of “real authors” present. Apparently he does not mean to deny that (omitting all those who could be said in any sense to be officially present) such people as Mr. Austin Dobson, Mr. Morris, Mr. George Moore, Mrs. W. K. Clifford, Miss Helen Mathers, Mrs. (or Madame as the reporters will have it, I cannot think why) Sarah Grand, and so forth, are real authors, but only to be sur- prised that they were in a minority; in fact, he guesses that not more than one in three of the company was a well-known author. It may be well to point out that the Society of Authors exists for the benefit, not of those authors who have already made their reputation, and may be presumed able to look after their own interests, but of those who still have their reputation to make. It does not profess to be a club of literary celebrities. If a representa- tive gathering of the society did consist mostly of writers already well known, it might be a more brilliant assembly from the reporter's point of view, but the fact would only show that the society was failing in its proper work, and had ceased to be useful, or a centre of interest to those for whose sake it was founded. The society’s definition of a “real author’’ is a person who has written and published at least one book, or its equivalent. This is a much less ambitious definition than the commentator's, but I venture to think it more accurate.—Yours, &c. June I. F. POLLOCK. ## p. 44 (#58) ############################################## 44 THE AUTHOR. AN AMERICAN MAGAZINE. HE President of the Century Company has been reading a paper on the methods and the production of the Century magazine. The paper contains certain facts which may be useful and instructive to ourselves, especially in the light of the fact that one or two American magazines, not for their cheapness, nor because they can be charged with a low standard of style and subject, can fairly boast that the circulation of each as a monthly actually represents by itself at least three times the circulation of all the English monthly magazines combined, excepting two or three; and that the circulation in this country alone, of one or two, is equal to the circu- lation of any three English magazines combined, still excepting these two or three. It is worth while, perhaps, to read this paper, and to attempt some explanation of what is certainly astonishing, and, except on the theory that the English maga- zines are written for the highest culture only—a theory which it would be difficult to maintain— extremely humiliating. The Century magazine contains 160 pages, making about thirty articles—long and short. There are, then, from 350 to 4oo articles every year. Out of this number about 175 are either poetry or fiction. The rest are historical, bio- graphical, of travel, of social matters, and miscel- laneous. It is found that fiction, even when a novel is produced by one of the foremost English or American writers of the day, does not seem to advance the circulation of the paper. Yet it keeps up the circulation which begins to drop when the fiction is weak or unattractive. This statement probably amounts to saying that general excellence in every branch must be main- tained or the circulation suffers. On the other hand, the most popular subject ever started by the Century was that of the Civil War, on which a series of papers appeared. This series caused the circulation to go up by leaps and bounds. It is found, next, that no American magazine has ever attained a popular success unless it was illustrated. In recognition of this fact, the Century has always paid the greatest attention to its illustrations, which are now the finest that can be procured. That is to say, the artistic branch demands now a very large part of the expenditure. So great is the outlay on illustrations, as well as contributions, that every number costs, before it goes to press, about £2OOO. Even if this includes the salaries of editors, managers, and clerks, the rent of offices and the service of distribution, it is evident that a very large capital is embarked in 'an American magazine, and that the risk of a fall in the circulation means a possible loss of this large capital. This danger alone proves the necessity for the most unceasing watchfulness, the most intelligent apprehension of the subjects that the public like to read about, and the greatest care in finding the writers most capable of presenting those subjects. That artists and authors when engaged should be paid in pro- portion to the services they render, i.e., greatly in excess of what they have been accustomed to receive from journals of less circulation, is a natural result of increased interests and a larger property to defend and to advance. What is the circulation of American maga- zines P Of one it is said that it circulates 200,000 in America and 30,000 in this country. Another is reported greatly to surpass this number in America, though its circulation is small in Great Britain; of two or three more it is said that they circulate over IOO,OOO in the States, besides having a small circulation in this country. Now, in America, our magazines are hardly ever seen; there are none on the bookstalls, either at the stations or in the hotels. Why does the American magazine come here P Why does not the English maga- zine go over there P. How comes it that while in a population of 60,000,000 some of their journals arrive at a circulation of 200,000, we find, in our own population of 37,000,000, without counting the I 5,OOO,OOO of Britons abroad and in the Colonies, our magazines crawling along with a circulation of 2OOO to 20,000 P. We speak here of old-estab- lished magazines which, like those of America, are “serious,” that is, do not aim at popularity alone. There are monthly magazines here which appeal to popular tastes, and, without being necessarily unwholesome or sensational, do attain to a popularity which rivals that of the Americans; but those we do not here consider. Why is it, in short, that the old established and highly respect- able paper the Cheapside is sending out every month its ten thousand instead of its quarter of a million ? Among some of the causes are, perhaps, these : In the States, the editor—always a man of proved ability—is engaged to give his whole time, all his thoughts, all his ability, to the conduct of his paper. He has assistants, all of whom are engaged also to give to the paper their whole time and all their thoughts. In this country the editor too often does a great many other things; he has engagements which distract his attention; he does work of his own which absorbs him. The first essential for the successful conduct of a magazine seems to be that one man, at least, should think for it—think all day for it. Again, it has hitherto been considered enough for an editor to sit at his table and receive the contributions poured in upon him by every post, ## p. 45 (#59) ############################################## THE AUTHOR. 45 to read them, reject most of them, and select a few. It is only quite recently that he has even begun the American method—to plan beforehand, to arrange what he will have for the next year, and for the year after, what fiction he will invite, what poetry he will invite, what special subjects he will treat, and, to be in touch with points of the day, what men will be best to treat them for him. One lesson for us would seem to be that the casual contributor by himself cannot be trusted to create a popular demand. Few of our magazines are illustrated. Is the absence of illustrations a cause of failure ? Some years ago a new illustrated monthly was started, in which the artistic element was treated most carefully. One knows not, with any certainty, how far this magazine failed or succeeded. But it has changed hands twice. Therefore good illustrations alone do not seem to bring success. Perhaps the English are not so keen after pictures as the Americans. Some English readers, certainly, do not like the photogravure processes with the broad black line all round which decorate the American page. As regards fiction, our magazines are apt to fall into one of two extremes; either, that is, they neglect and “starve” fiction, publishing poor weak stuff; or they sacrifice everything to fiction, running two or three serials and depending entirely on them for success. Fiction in a high class magazine must be of the best; but it must never be considered the only thing. Another lesson we may learn from the Americans. We have hardly yet got beyond the prejudice that the only serial in a magazine must be the novel. This is a very foolish prejudice, mischievous alike to the publisher of the magazine and to the author. For there are many books written every year—books of historical research, biographies, collections of verse, essays, travels, popular science, which, if first run through a magazine as serials, would attract thousands of readers, and give the book when published a far greater chance of success. At present the author has to be content, say, with a single edition of a thousand, or even 500 copies. If he expects any money he is disappointed. Perhaps he only expects general reputation or distinction. How much of either can he get from this mere mite of a circula- tion? One or two attempts in this direction have already been made—but tentatively. It is as if editors do not as yet recognise the fact that an extremely attractive serial may be made of a sub- ject not belonging to fiction at all. For instance, many volumes of poetry are run through various magazines first. I would run them through one magazine only. “Mr. Austin Dobson’s new volume of verse will be commenced in the January number of the New Year; it will run through twelve months, and will be published in volume form in November.” Would not such an an- nouncement be attractive P Or this: “Professor Dowden's new work on Shakespeare is nearly completed. It consists of twelve chapters, and is to run through twelve numbers of the Cheapside magazine; it will then be published in the autumn books of Messrs. Bungay.” Does any one pretend that the comparatively wide cir- culation of the magazine would not assist the author in disseminating his teaching and the publisher in afterwards distributing the book? The next point is the investment of large sums of money in the enterprise. This, no doubt, is risk; such risk as few publishers care to face. Yet, if one appeals to the great public there are but two ways: to hope for gradual recognition of work always good; or by a bid for popularity— immediate and wide-spread — by treatment of topics always fresh and interesting, and by wide advertisement. Both methods, however, mean the investment of money. g One more reason, perhaps, why our higher class magazines are not popular. Nearly all of them aim, more or less, at expounding and perhaps solving the many questions and problems of the day. Not, that is, the treatment of fresh topics, but the difficulties of the day. The articles are, as a rule, very well written; the American magazines do not seem to me, on the whole, nearly so well written as our own ; but if we take up the new numbers of any magazine of the better kind, what we find in it is too often the continuation or even the repetition of the daily and weekly leading article. If the editors would only con- sider that the same subject which we gladly read when treated in the Times of to-day and in the Spectator of next Saturday, will become wearisome when treated, without much new light or much new wisdom, in the monthly magazine of the week after next, they would perhaps refuse certain papers. There are, of course, brilliant exceptions, as when the One man who knows can be got to speak, or when one who is allowed to be a leader speaks. For the most part the writers are not known by the world to be of greater eminence on this question or on that than the anonymous writer in the Times or the Spectator. Another reason, perhaps equally weighty, is the undue prominence given by English maga- zines to literary papers and especially those of the mournful or the savage kind. It is a great mistake to suppose that people, even of culture, are always wanting to tear the literature of the day up by the roots, to see how it is getting on; and it is quite certain that the kind of criticism ## p. 46 (#60) ############################################## 46 THE AUTHOR. which only sneers and depreciates, and can only find in the popularity of a writer a reason for pretended contempt, is offensive to all readers, whether of culture or not. Of the “Decay of Fiction,” the “Decay of Poetry,” the “Decay of the Drama,” people have already heard too much. Americans do not strike this note, nor will they endure it; theirs must be the note of hope, eager looking forward and confidence. There is no reason why in every field of intellect, art, science, imagination, this note of confidence should not be struck by ourselves. I, for one, believe that it is the true note—that the present is a time of great endeavour and of deserved success. It is true that there are failures by the million, because there are attempts by the million. Instinctively the people — better class and all — turn with disgust from the pessimist and the mournful downcrier of what he dares not even try to imitate. Let us leave the million failures to die in nameless peace. Let us rejoice in the successes, and lift up our heads with something of the American hope and confidence. We are a young country still, with our future still before us. These are some of the reasons why the English magazine is distanced and beaten by the American: rival. The problem before us is this: “How are we to maintain a high level of style and subject, and yet make a serious bid for the popularity which this rival obtains P” W. B. *- - -º - - - NOTES AND NEWS, Tº Literary Congress of San Francisco seems to have been a comparative failure. The original plans, a correspondent writes, were changed, and it was hurried upon the boards long before the time originally planned. Conse- quently few were there, and “it became merely a provincial gathering of people of unequal ability, and not in the least representative of California. It was disappointing to those who had been most active in planning it.” *- It is pleasant, for one who took part in it, to read that the Literary Congress of Chicago is bearing fruit in the best possible way. The following is an extract from the Critic of New York, the only paper to which we can look for a week-by-week record of American literature: It was evidently not in vain that Chicago lavished her millions in time and money upon the Fair. The intellectual returns are beginning to come in, and they indicate a remarkable enlargement of vision, an increased appreciation of science and art, and of what they can offer. It was inevitable that such would be the result; the mere labour of design and construction was bound to develop the ingenuity and the resources of the people. But the most sanguine of us looked forward many years before the evidence of this inspiration should appear. We did not expect the fruit to ripen overnight ; we forgot the rapidity with which the American people take up an idea and develope it and make it their own. Of course, it is too soon for the effect to be visible in deeds, but there are many things that indicate the general tendency. And not the least of these is the state- ment of Mr. Hill, the librarian of the Public Library, in regard to the changes in the demand for books. He says that the standard of quality in the books called for at the library is decidedly higher than it was a year ago. Art has felt the same stimulus from the Fair. The inte- rest in pictures and sculpture is evidenced by the crowds that enter the Art Institute, and even more positively by the statements of the dealers. Mr. O’Brien, who has been giving a series of delightful exhibitions of works by American painters, says that a year ago such pictures would have been utterly neglected here. But at present the galleries in which they are hung are crowded. Many collectors, too, have been developed by the Fair—men and women who, before it, never thought of buying a picture. These facts are, of course, merely straws, but they show the direction of the wind. The fruit of the fair in production will be slower in ripening, but the buildings, the statues, the pictures, and poems it will inspire will be worth the waiting for. “At the dinner of the Authors’ Club last week, which brought together a large company, who seemed to be toler- ably happy in spite of the continued existence of publishers, Mr. Leslie Stephen foretold ‘the coming of that glorious time ’ when writers will be better paid than they are now. The prophecy excited, on the whole, more doubt than belief. We hear, however, that a new literary agency is in process of formation, with a large capital behind it, which will employ its own readers, and pay authors a sum down as soon as it has approved their works. One of its chief objects will be to force up the average price of serial rights.” The above is a cutting from the Athenæum of June 9. One wonders who are the people who amuse themselves by concocting such paragraphs. The Authors’ Club has held no dinner at all except its monthly house dinner. Mr. Leslie Stephen has never yet favoured the club with his presence at that or any other function. The Authors’ Society held its annual dinner, and the president of the evening was Mr. Leslie Stephen. His speech, reported verbatim, will be found on p. 39 of this number. The words attributed to him were not spoken by him; he did not “foretell the coming of that glorious time ’’—the inverted commas mean a quotation, which makes it a deliberate invention—when writers will be better paid than now. He said nothing of the kind; he did not use the words “glorious time ’’ at all; what he said was that, in the aim of the Society towards the adjustment of their own affairs, he wished it every success. “The prophecy excited, on the whole, more doubt than belief.” Wonderful | First, to invent a prophecy, never uttered, and them to describe the way in which that prophecy was received Even a prophet of Baal had to say ## p. 47 (#61) ############################################## THE AUTHOR. 47 something before his audience began to consider his prophecy. As regards the alleged “new literary agency,” that bears on the face of it every sign of being another invention—perhaps an invention intended to be comic. Certainly no one in his senses could deliberately set himself to persuade people that a company had been formed whose “chief object” was to force up the “average" price of serial rights. What, to begin with, is the “average * price? Is it the average of all the magazines and journals that exist without reference to subject, circulation, name, character of the paper? As for “forcing,” one has always considered, in matter of papers for magazines, that the editor is a despot from whose word there is no appeal. He can say, and he does say, that his remuneration is a certain stipulated sum. It is for the author to “take it or leave it.” Nor can any “forcing ” alter this condition of things. Certain magazines and journals acquire a good name for their treatment of contributors in this respect; such a good name, no doubt, is a very useful thing for a journal to possess; one ventures to believe and to hope that it helps the circulation. Certain other magazines acquire precisely the opposite reputa- tion, insomuch that the literary world regards with complacency the decline and fall of those magazines. The only influences that can be brought to bear upon this monarch of all he surveys—the editor—are those of competition first—it needs no company “with a large capital behind it,” to create competition among editors; and, next, a sense of what is due to the producer, in other words, a sense of justice. Since the most friendly relations seem to prevail between the editors of our high-class magazines and their con- tributors, it seems as if this sense of justice does exist. The following is from the New York Critic. The same circular has been sent to myself, doubtless among many others: Authors have strange requests sometimes. Here is one recently received by a well-known novelist from the editor of a periodical which up to this time has devoted itself to illustration rather than to text :—“Although it is not the custom of our paper to publish stories, yet if you have an unpublished novel of medium length which you could remodel only to the extent of having a portion of the scenes laid in studios and art galleries, I should be pleased to have you submit the same, and am willing to pay well for it. We always pay for MSS. as soon as accepted.” There is some- thing attractive in this last statement, for authors as a rule are needy. The one in question is not, however, so he failed to be caught on this well-baited hook. The editor of this paper evidently thinks that authors have no feelings, or why would he expect them to recast their stories to suit his audience P A very useful compilation is the Index to the Periodicals of the World, published by the Review of Reviews Office. The list of periodi- cals fills thirty-seven pages devoted to English and American periodicals alone, and fifty pages for the periodicals of all countries. Reckoning roughly, an average of thirty-four to a page, we have 1700 periodicals of the whole world indexed in this volume, and I 258 English and American periodicals. Those that specially concern our- selves—the literary journals—are about Io2 in number, but there are many others — some educational, musical, artistic, historical, legal, economical, medical, and scientific, which concern many of our members. The papers and articles on literature in one or other of its branches are innumerable. It is the one subject of which editors seem never tired. The American perio- dical abounds with personal descriptions of literary men, especially with accounts of their methods of working, about which one wonders why there exists any curiosity at all; for certainly, if one knew the methods of every writer under the sun, without natural aptitude one would be not a whit advanced. The discussion of the novel is more favoured by English magazines. The reason, one fears, is not that the public demands this vast mass of criticism or talk about literature, but that it can be produced in any quantity, either from the man with a name or the man without a name. These indexes have become indispensable. . I have always advocated for those writers who are not men—or women—of business the employ- ment of an agent. The only argument which appears to me of any weight at all against the middleman is that where an author is able to manage his own affairs he may just as well do so, and save the commission. Even in that case it may be worth the author's while, if he is a busy man, to let his agent think for him and plan for him. As for those who do not possess the necessary knowledge or habits of business, the only danger, it seems to me, that they have to fear is that of falling into bad hands, and the only real objection that can be raised, by the other side to the agent, is that he is expected to conduct negotiations in a business manner; in other words, he prevents his client from being “bested ”—a word which very often covers, but does not hide, another and an older word. Now, if the agent works for the author, he must be paid by the author. This seems ele- mentary. But I have heard certain stories which ought, I think, to be brought out into light. There is, for instance, the story of the author who ## p. 48 (#62) ############################################## 48 THE AUTHOR. comes to the agent, finds out the name of the editor or the publisher to whom he proposes to send the work, and then uses the information and goes there himself. There is, again, the author who, when he has been successfully placed, gets the cheque sent to himself, and then refuses to pay the commission. There is, again, the case where the publisher writes direct to the author after receiving an offer from the agent. It is of course the author's duty, as a matter of honour, to send that letter to the agent in whose hands he has already placed the MS., and whose work for him has obtained this offer. Unfortunately he does not always do so. Now, most of these practices come from failing to understand that transactions in literature are like those in every other kind of business, so that the same rules should obtain between author and agent as between client and solicitor. Of one thing writers may rest assured, that any attempt made to detach the author from his agent can only be due to an intention to profit by the author's ignorance. As for the pretended desire to maintain friendly relations, a friendship which will not survive the adjust- ment of honourable terms between two men is worth nothing — nothing at all. Any person who ventures to put forth this ridiculous plea stands self-condemned. On more than one occasion an agent's commis- sion of so much per cent. has been represented to an author as the deduction of a royalty of so much per cent. " This amazingly impudent assertion has been actually accepted and credited Let us there- fore see exactly what it means. We will suppose a royalty of 20 per cent., which is a little over Is. 2d. On a 6s. book. The returns show a sale, say, of 3OOO copies, which at this royalty means for the author the sum of £180. On this the agent takes, say, Io per cent., i.e., 318. Now, if the commission had been the deduction of a IO per cent. royalty, the agent would have received £90. A commission is a percentage on the whole amount received from royalties or from purchase; a royalty is a percentage on the advertised pub- lished price of each copy. This explanation may seem elementary, but there are really no “sums” in literary business which are too elementary to be explained. “But,” said a publisher plaintively, “why incur this extra expense P Why not come to me, as my friends, Lord Addlehede and Professor Insipiens always have done, direct, and so save the intervention of the other party P” Let us, in reply, without calling names, or getting angry, recognise the plain fact that when a man of business transacts affairs with a man who does not understand business, the former always gets the better of the latter, which is the reason why Lord Addlehede and the Professor above named would do well to consider their ways, and approach their publisher with the help of a man of business. The book of the month is, of course, our President’s new novel, “Lord Ormont and His Aminta.” A great many have followed it in its course through the Pall Mall Magazine. Meredithians—how large a company have they become !—will rejoice in it, while the old charge of obscurity certainly cannot be brought against any of the characters in this the latest, and, in some respects, perhaps the best of this author's remarkable series of novels. William Watson's sonnet to France (June 25, 1894), which appeared in the Westminster Gazette, seems to me very fine. To France— “immortal and indomitable France.” Nation whom storm on storm of ruining fate Unruined leaves—nay, fairer, more elate, Hungrier for action, more athirst for glory ! It is the gift and the privilege of the poet to speak the voice of one nation to another in days of great sorrow or great disaster, as well as in days of great joy and great victory. William Watson speaks to France for England: Little thou lov’st our island— Yet let her in these dark and bodeful days, Sinking old hatreds 'neath the sundering brine— Immortal and indomitable France — Marry her tears, her alien tears, to thine. The premature death of Mr. John Underhill from some affection of the brain—a tumour apparently—took place on Wednesday, June 27, at his residence, Wimbledon. Mr. Underhill was only twenty-nine years of age. He was born at Barnstaple, where he was privately educated by the Rev. Dr. Cunningham Geikie, at that time vicar of Barnstaple. He developed an intense love for books and for everything that belongs to literature. It became obvious that no career except that of literature was possible for him. He therefore came to London proposing such a career. He was armed with one or two letters of introduction. One of these was to Mr. W. T. Stead, who was at that time assistant editor, or actual editor, of the Pall Mall Gazette. Mr. Stead assisted the lad, as he has assisted many others, by giving him a start. He placed him in his office and taught him journalism. He remained on the staff of the Pall Mall Gazette till a few weeks ago, when ## p. 49 (#63) ############################################## THE AUTHOR. 49 he resigned his post, intending to devote himself entirely to literature. As an original writer he would not have succeeded; he knew his own limitations, and aspired only to the humbler but not less useful work of editing, annotating, writing biographies, and compilations. That is, he would never have become a bookmaker; but he would have been, and was already, a most useful and trustworthy editor. His private character was beyond all reproach ; he was always, as a journalist, on the side of honour and of truth; as a reviewer he was wholly unin- fluenced by personal feelings, he was incapable of rancour or of spite. That he had his own way to make in the world only increases the honour of having made his way so far with so much distinction. That he made friends every- where is a proof of his generous and sympathetic mature. He was especially engaged at the time of his death on a history of journalism. He leaves behind him a young widow and one child. WALTER BESANT. *- a .sº GEORGE ELIOT AND HER CREED, NE little story of George Eliot's childhood has lingered ſong in my memory, for in a measure it typified the creed shaping each novel and story, long after it ceased to be her personal one, remaining the much more widely diffused faith she chose to give to the world in her books. When a child at school, an essay was given her to write, and the subject set was God, little Marian Evans drew upon her paper, for sole essay, a large eye. And does not each novel and poem inclose the awful eye of unsleeping, unforgetting fate P For no single character is ever allowed “to fly responsibility.” Her mind hardly seems to have been wrought into creative sympathy with the thought of the nineteenth century; although her youth witnessed an era of great political reform, and her middle and later life was surrounded by the most advanced literary and philosophic thoughts of this century. Notwithstanding all these stirring influences at work around her, to a large extent her imaginative and constructive force remained alien to the “march of events,” political and social, which swept past her, and left her, the dispassionate his- torian of the provincial scenes of her early youth, and of fifty years earlier. Her creed at times discloses a tendency to an almost barren fatalism, her characters invariably creating an adverse destiny for themselves, woven out of their early follies and failures. Like the cruel god- mother of a fairy tale, George Eliot possesses the fearful and mysterious gift of dowering her dramatis personae with some one fatal, irradi- cable weakness, which the reader foresees from the beginning of their history pre-destines them to certain failure and disaster; the retributive justice of inexorable consequences frustrating their every effort to right themselves or retrace their hapless steps through the labyrinths of early sins and errors, a creeping Nemesis being evolved at each step, to hunt them down till they sink into the slow torture of their moral and social death. Maggie Tulliver, the slave of generous impulse, is doomed to high failure, with her gift of feeling and thinking nobly, yet of acting impulsively in crucial moments; from the early days of childhood, when on a visit to a severe aunt she upsets brother Tom's tea by the bestowal of a too impulsive caress, given at an inauspicious moment, down to the time when, a beautiful young woman, she runs away with Stephen, gliding, indeed, but a small way down the stream of temptation, but awaking to a sense of duty too late to save appearances or irreme- diable grief to those she best loved. So that when the choice of utter renunciation of personal happiness is made, her initial error has robbed self-sacrifice of the first bloom of dignified heroism, and her life has turned to the dull ache of failure and inadequate retrieval; but this is finely transmuted into the heroism of her death. Running up and down the gamut of George Eliot's creations, each one is the sport of some apparently wilfully self-created destiny; a Jugger- naut car of untoward consequences set loose upon the victim of circumstances; heredity and free will engaged in ceaseless warfare for the possession of the human soul. Lydgate, the lowable doctor in “Middlemarch,” full of enthusiasm for his profession and a great tenderness for the suffering—has not the author chosen that fate should use him too grievously ill, when she gave him a lovely, heartless, shallow wife, whom he had chosen to wed, partly from the fact that, with all his brilliant gifts and winning traits, there is in his character just a tinge of intellectual egoism which made him count brains superfluous in the woman he married; that lack of finer judgment making him lose his hold on the ennobling ideals of life. Yet these little flaws in Lydgate's character doom him to be another soul's tragedy of baulked achievement, and he tells his wife in late years, with sad irony, that she is like a certain plant which is known to flourish best on dead men's brains. Perhaps a less inexorable moralist than George Eliot would have con- ferred happiness upon him, later in his life, by ## p. 50 (#64) ############################################## so THE AUTHOR. the bestowal of Dorothea's love, but so stern a moralist is seldom happy in the contemplation of too much unaccounted for happiness, unrelated to moral sequence—unweighed in the judicial moral scales. At times, one half suspects, the force of these ethical strictures arose from a lack of ideality, for an idealist abhors the fixity of moral judg- ments. George Sand, her French prototype, who suffered from an excess of luminous ideality, seldom or never passed moral judgment on her creations, for with her was the large tolerance of the humanist, and the love which says, com- prendre, c'est pardoner. In the “Spanish Gipsy” is worked out the modern conception of the forces of heredity, playing through the woof and warp of indivi- dual character, which she thus defines: “I saw it might be taken (the drama of the ‘Spanish Gypsy”) as a symbol of the part which is played in the general human lot by hereditary conditions in the largest sense, and of the fact that what we call duty is entirely made up of such condi- tions, for even in cases of just antagonism to the narrow view of hereditary claims the whole back- ground of the particular struggle is made up of our inherited nature. Suppose for a moment that our conduct at great epochs was determined entirely by reflection, without the immediate intervention of feeling which supersedes reflec- tion, our determination as to the right would consist in an adjustment of our individual needs to the dire necessities of our lot, partly as to natural constitution, partly as sharers of life with fellow beings. Tragedy consists in the terrible difficulty of this adjustment, ‘the dire strife of poor humanity’s afflicted will struggling in vain with ruthless destiny.’” “The collision of Greek tragedy is often that between hereditary entailed Nemesis and the peculiar individual lot, awakening our sympathy for the particular manor woman whom the Nemesis is shown to grasp with terrific force. . . .” IHence sprang the abiding sadness of George Eliot's creed, the insistent sombre criticism of life and human effort. Her private letters to her personal friends are melancholy reading, so often do her words limp between headache and peren- nial pessimism. Her literary career, however, was a smooth one, she served no long probation to the muse, her genius burst full blown upon a world which received it with unqualified praise, and she won success without ever experiencing that “grace of discouragement” by which Browning climbed to the bracing heights of his rare optimism. Did the gloom of her moral dynamics crush out of her the capacity for being happy?. She did not labour under the bane of being in too great advance of her time, nor of heralding unpopular truths; for her genius lay rather in presenting the old truths with matchless wit and pathos, than in lending that great genius to light the birth of the new. GRACE GILCHRIST. *~ * ~ * BOOK TALK, R. EDMUNID GOSSE has admitted into M the International Library, of which he is the editor, two novels by authors who have been previously represented in the series. The novels are “Farewell Love,” from the Italian of Matilde Serao, the author of “Fantasy,” and “The Grandee,” from the Spanish of Armando Palacio Valdés, the author of “Froth.” Whether it was the great success which attended the publication of “Fantasy.” in English, or whether the Editor considers “Farewell Love" to be the superior novel, does not appear from his introduction. Though perhaps the fact that it is a most enjoyable book would be reason enough for publication. Mr. Gosse lays great stress on the fact that the author is a jour- malist, and “all her life has been spent in minis- tering to appetites of the vast rough crowd that buys cheap Italian newspapers.” The story is true to its title; it tells of love and jealousy, of a baulked elopement, an unfortunate marriage, and self-destruction. One passionate scene follows another so quickly that the reader is surprised by the skill with which the real wickedness of the characters is concealed. There is a husband—one Cesare Dias—who is extremely like “Grandcourt,” cold, cynical, and “not a wordy thinker.” Except that he is Italian, he has a thoroughly English hatred for scenes, and finds his romantic young wife Anna Dias — née Aquaviva — a bore, and tells her so. In fact, previous to their engagement we are told she had taken the humiliating step of declaring her love; and here are three charac- teristic letters showing what happened : “Dear Anna, All that you say is very well; but I don’t know yet who the man is that you love.—Very cordially, Cesare Dias.” She read it, and answered with one line : “I love you.-Anna Aquaviva.” Cesare Dias waited a day before he replied: “I)ear Anna, Very well. And what then P-Cesare Dias.”—The translation is by Mrs. Harland, and reads very smoothly, though there is one odd phrase on p. 63: “‘Would you like a rose?” She asked to placate him.” Quite recently Mr. Grant Allen, in the West- minster Gazette, told us Londoners to go to Italy ## p. 51 (#65) ############################################## THE AUTHOR. 5 I and revel in beauty denied us here. One would think that in default we could not do better than read the novels of Matilde Serao. “The Grandee” is a powerful story, turning on the horrible subject of cruelty to children, or in this case rather to one particular child. The author describes the state of society in a Spanish town called Lancia, thirty or forty years ago, which is identified for us by the editor as Oviedo, a place of about Io,000 inhabitants, the capital of Asturias. It is with the private life of a few of the leading families in this town that the reader has to make himself acquainted, and, though he must not expect anything much more than the visits of friends, the description of At-homes and marriage fêtes, there is, in spite of some Sameness, hardly a dull page in the book. It is most inte- resting to note how, in spite of the narrowness of life which is generally found in provincial towns, the Spaniards here described never seem to be at a loss for an enlivening incident. The stock-in-trade of their amusement is, it is true, the eternal subject of match-making, which is described as being carried on with great vigour by the elders, in spite of their constant mistakes. We are uncertain whether the author intends to reprove this custom or not, for indirectly he cer- tainly brings out that it shielded the hero in his adultery, enabling him to appear in public as the accepted suitor of one lady while he is the lover of another. This is the more amusing side of the book; but, as we have said, there is another aspect which is not only extremely serious, but is of such a nature that we cannot help wondering what moral conclusion different readers will draw from it. That well-to-do people have been known to treat young children with cruelty cannot be denied, and Mr. Gosse writes: “Nor do the reports of Mr. Benjamin Waugh permit us to question that such horrors are daily committed at our own doors.” This brings the matter so directly into the sphere of practice that we may look to the pages of this novel for light on the question of child protection, actually under dis- cussion by those who are not simply interested out of curiosity, but deeply moved by the subject. We may suppose that, in spite of its danger to liberty, some people would ask for increased powers of obtaining evidence, when they were reasonably certain cruelty was being practised. The lesson we draw from this work is of a diffe- rent nature. We must remember that to abuse the parent is part of the bias of some professional men, notably the pedagogue and the cleric, and therefore in any case of alleged cruelty it is well to try and discover what the actual parentage of the child is, otherwise there is a danger of legislation being based on false information. The point that comes out most clearly in “The Grandee” is that where the victim is illegitimate as much would be gained by altering the position of such children, and so stopping the temptation to cruel treatment, as can possibly be gained by legisla- tion, which would also interfere with the well- established duties of lawfully married parents towards their children. Mr. Gosse also raises another nice point, “Whether these maladies of the soul are or are not fit subjects for the art of the novelist is a question which every reader must answer for himself.” To which it may be suggested, by way of reply, that as long as there are customs which shield gross immorality, the art of the novelist is well employed in laying bare the evil, lest these matters should fall into the hands not of the novelist, but of the sensation- monger, and become the cause of hurried and ill-considered legislation. The translation of “The Grandee’’ is by Miss Rachel Challis, and it seems to read quite as easily as many English novels; but we should like to know what authority the translator has for making the word “lover” feminine. Mr. Gilbert Parker's latest story, “The Trans- lation of a Savage,” is one which must come as a happy surprise to the most persistent novel reader. Whether the main idea is really possible we do not care to ask, because the author has used it so well that any carping criticism tending to spoil the illusion, when we have been given so much pleasure, would be entirely out of place. We are to take it for granted that an American Indian, the daughter of the chief of her tribe, being sent on her marriage with an English General’s son to his family in England, could be translated, as Mr. Parker calls it, into a refined member of English society. Once grant this difficulty, and then the amusement which arises out of the process of “translation” meets us at every page. We are not bored with details as to how the transformation is brought about, but the force of example and surroundings do much, and personal devotion does the rest. Only once does the young lady, as we may call her, really forget to be English, and then she takes to riding madly across her father-in-law's property in the dress and style of her tribe. A child is born to her in England, but her husband remains in Canada, and she has learnt to hate him. The reason of all this it is not our business to tell. The matter- of-fact reader who could find fault with Mr. Parker for his choice of incident would be very foolish indeed, for we have here a story in which the author has been able to depict malice and revenge, as well as true love and friendship, in a compass long enough to make one good volume, but with such a charming narrative style that ## p. 52 (#66) ############################################## 52 THE AUTHOR. nearly every reader will make a point of finishing it at a single sitting. + Mr. Austin’s new volume, “The Garden that I Love,” has much in it to awaken the envy of his fellow poets. He obtained the lease of an old manor house, and the reader will learn how he converted it to suit the author-gardener's taste and his sister Weronica's sense of comfort and house room. It will be seen that, though the |book is properly enough named, it is more the garden-lover's leisure and his talks with his two guests rather than the garden apart that we have to hear about. Of the guests one is a poet, who is not only so in name but recites his own poetry, the other a young lady called Lamia. The garden becomes the happily suggestive subject for con- versation which takes a wide range from the almost frivolous to the lofty and serious. Of the two women “Veronica ’’ and “Lamia,” we prefer the latter, though poetic justice is done by making Veronica, the housekeeping lady, who has a sweet sense of tidiness, marry the poet. Her redeeming quality is a love for old-fashioned goods, especially if she can purchase them cheap. As to Tamia, with one’s recollection of Keat's, her name would suggest, not a reptile itself, for, though there four persons in this garden—two pairs—it is not the serpent of Eden she suggests, but the power of sudden transformation, always seeming to be possessed by a demon of contra- diction. Paying due attention to the large number of flowers, shrubs, and trees which are here given, some under their popular, others under their Latin names, we have allowed our- selves to imagine the author doing the honours of “The Garden that he Loves” to Lady Corisande, to Dr. Rappacini and his lovely daughter, and with almost equal pleasure to Mrs. Gardiner—Gardiner by name and gardener by nature as Tom Hood describes her. Lady Corisande would find much that is old fashioned and sweet smelling—just her garden in favoured spots, over which to grow enthusiastic. Dr. Rappacini would be able to ponder over the contrast between his own—the garden of an herbalist—and the garden that the poet loves. Mrs. Gardiner would find a friend who would understand at once why, in spite of her widow’s weeds she should still say of herself “I am single and white ” and of her maiden neighbour “she is double and bloody.” But we think these three visitors would each have asked how the Ampelopsis Veitchii got there, which belongs not to manor-houses and poets, but to the jerry- builder of the suburb. In the manor-house, if anywhere, the old Virginia creeper should hold its own. The Tennyson memorial, which is to be erected tion of a work by Wilhelm Joseph on “the ridge of the noble down '' at Freshwater, will be an international and not a local under- taking. The Americans are showing an active interest in the project. Mr. Arthur Warren, the London correspondent of the Boston Herald, who resides during a portion of each year in the Isle of Wight, is a member of the committee having the memorial in charge, and his recent appeal to his countrymen has resulted in the organisation of an American committee, which has among its members Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Miss Alice Longfellow, a daughter of the poet, Mrs. Burnett, daughter of the late James Russell Lowell, President Eliot of Harvard University, Mrs. Agassiz, the widow of the great naturalist, Professor Charles Eliot, Norton, T. B. Aldrich, Margaret Deland, the author of “John Ward, Preacher,” Professor Shaler, Mrs. James T. Melds, the widow of the publisher who intro- duced Tennyson, as well as Carlyle, to American readers, Dana Estes, the head of the publishing house of Estes and Lauriat, Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, Miss Sarah Orne Jewett, the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, Mr. Martin Brimmer, and Mr. PIowells. The English committee met at Fresh- water on Monday, June 5, and accepted the design which Mr. Pearson, R.A., has submitted for the memorial. The design is an Iona cross, 34 feet high, graceful in proportions, and beauti- fully ornamented. By an arrangement with the Masters of Trinity House the cross will super- sede the present Nodes Beacon, a wooden struc- ture, and will be known as the Tennyson Beacon. On one face of the base will be carved in bold 1etters the name “Tennyson,” and on another face these words: “Erected by friends in Eng- land and America.” The cross will stand near the seaward edge of the great down, 716 feet above high water mark, and will be visible for many miles by sea and land. “The Violoncello and its History” is a transla- Won Wasielewski. The translation is executed by Miss Isabella E. Stigand, and the publishers are Messrs. Novello, Ewer, and Co. There is no other history of the instrument at all. “Mr. John Lee Warden Page is of medium height, his face tanned, and his moustache bleached in quite an Australian manner by expo- sure to sun and storm. Mr. Page lives just out- side Ilfracombe, and only pays flying visits to London now, though he was once a lawyer in London.” This notice was intended to be compli- mentary, and it is therefore unfortunate that it should contain so many mistakes. Mr. Page's second name is Lloyd, not Lee; he is not of “medium height,” unless six feet is medium ; his ## p. 53 (#67) ############################################## THE AUTHOR. 53 moustache is not bleached at all, either by sun or by storm; and he has never practised as a lawyer in London. Still, it might have been much WOTSé, We recently mentioned the publication of Mr. Joseph Hatton's early novel of “Clytie ’’ as being published in Swedish, following the success of his “By Order of the Czar” in that language. It is interesting to learn that an edition of the latter sent into Finland has been confiscated by the Russian authorities. The Swedish Press appears to be unanimous in its commendation of “By Order of the Czar,” and in most cases the criticism is couched in a high spirit of literary appreciation. The Smaalandposten says: “Of all the pictures of life in the great Eastern Empire of Europe which have appeared during recent years not one, probably, can bear com- parison with Joseph Hatton's novelin its startling vigour of delineation.” The Gothenburg Post describes the book as “No average commercial novel, but a literary work of enduring worth; ” and the Helsingborg Dagblad speaks of “The epic calm’’ with which the author describes the many horrors of Russian despotism. Messrs. Sampson Low announce in their 2s. 6d. series of novels uniform with Black, Blackmore, and other popular writers, two novels of Joseph Hatton previously in their 6s. library, namely, “The Old House at Sandwich’” and “Three Recruits and the Girls they Left Behind Them.” The locality of “The Old House at Sandwich * is no fiction; the house a reality and a very interesting one. “Patient Grizzle,” who was with us a popular figure till about two centuries ago, would pro- bably have been quite forgotten by this time if it were not for Chaucer's admirable “Clerke's Tale,” which still finds numerous readers and admirers. In Germany the memory of the heroine of patience has been kept up by Halm's famous drama, “Griseldis,” of which Professor Benbheim has just issued an edition at the Clarendon Press. The introduction contains, besides a short “Life " of the author, the Griselda legend as told by Petrarch and Boccaccio, and an account of its subsequent literary treatment in and out of Italy. The true gist of the drama, with its picturesque Arthurian background, is shown in the critical analysis. Rürschner’s “Deutscher Litteratur Kalendar ” which, thanks to the full notices, brought on this valuable literary annual by the Spectator and the Literary World, is now fairly well known in this country, has made its sixteenth appearance both enlarged and improved. Every information as regards living German authors and literary institutions now flourishing in Germany, may be found in this publication in a condensed form, so that it is not to be wondered at that the Litteratur-Kalendar was honoured two years ago, together with the same editor's highly useful Staatshandbuch, with a prize at Chicago. We have yet to add that the publication of the annual has been trans- ferred to the well-known firm of G. J. Göschen at Stuttgart. A story entitled “Phil Hawcroft's Son,” by Gerda Grass, will run in serial form through the Newcastle Weekly Chronicle from July 14. Mr. L. J. Nicholson, who is known among his friends as “The Bard of Thule,” is about to pub- lish, by Mr. Gardner, Paisley and London, a volume of his poems, which will be entitled “Songs of Thule.” Mr. Bloundelle-Burton’s first novel, “The Silent Shore,” is about to reverse the ordinary method of procedure adopted by romances, viz., having originally appeared in volume form, it is now going to be run as a serial in several country papers. It has already been dramatised—at the Olympic—it was reprinted in the United States, and it has had the somewhat unusual experience of running as a serial in the Spanish language in South America. A new edition (being the fifth) of “Chitty's Statutes of Practical Utility” is just being brought out by Mr. J. M. Lely, assisted by col- leagues at the Bar, in about twelve volumes (Sweet and Maxwell Timited; Stevens and Sons Limited). It is intended to contain all public general Acts of Parliament, except those repealed or obsolete, or applying to Scotland or Ireland only, or to limited areas only in England, or those which are of little or no interest to the lawyer or the general public. The Acts will be fully anno- tated and indexed. The first volume will appear in the present month. The publishers are issu- ing a circular stating that the price of the work when completed, will be a guinea a volume, but that a subscription of 6 guineas, prepaid before Aug. I next, will entitle the subscribers to the complete work. This is being done in order that the publishers may ascertain in advance the approximate number to print. In an editorial announcement which accompanies the circular, Mr. Lely states that the Acts comprised will number some 23OO, and enumerates the titles under which they will be grouped in alpha- betical order. The first volume is expected to contain the titles “Act of Parliament” to “Charities.” ## p. 54 (#68) ############################################## 54 THE AUTHOR. “From Manuscript to Bookstall” ” is the title of a book on publishing by Mr. A. D. Southam, It professes to give information on the cost of production and on the various methods of pub- lishing. As regards the former, we have to notice that the charges for composition are in some cases higher than those in the Society’s book called the “Cost of Production.” We do not attach much importance to this discrepancy, because a printer's bill is always an elastic thing. Moreover, it is certainly not the desire of the Society to cut down the pay of printers and book- binders, but rather the reverse; therefore, we welcome the book, so far, and without accepting its figures, as a step in the right direction. Above all things, and as the preliminary to future and better arrangements, we must know what things mean, what printing and paper cost, and the rest of it. One notices a curious discre- pancy repeated in every page of the “Cost of Production.” It is that for an edition of 500 copies paper is reckoned by the ream, and for a thousand copies it is reckoned by the sheet, the ream in the first instance standing for the sheet. One would advise the compiler of the book to lay his prices before two or three other firms of printers when he produces another edition. Some- thing, too, is desired on the subject of discounts; the prices given in the Society’s estimates do not contemplate discounts. The part of the book devoted to the different methods of publishing is neither exhaustive nor satisfactory. For instance, the word royalty is a very vague expression. We want to know what, given certain conditions, should be accepted as a fair royalty; we want to know the meaning of a deferred royalty, The thanks of authors are, however, due to the writer for his recognition of the principles always advocated by the Society, viz: : I. The audit of the accounts. 2. The understanding at the outset of all the clauses in the agreement. 3. A voice as to the advertisements where there is division of profits. The real “intention” of the book, however, is to advocate a system of seals or stamps by which the author shall always know how many copies of his books have gone into circulation. The method seems to us cumbrous. It would certainly be difficult to get publishers to accept the system. The reader, however, is referred to the book for the arguments in favour of it. -* * “From Manuscript to Bookstall.” By A. D. Southam. London: Southam and Co., St. Paul’s-buildings, Paternoster- row. 58. Mr. Isidore G. Ascher, the author of “An Odd Man's Story,” and a Canadian volume of poems, “Voices from the Hearth,” has just sold Messrs. Diprose, Bateman, and Co., a one-volume novel, which will appear in the autumn. It is sensa- tional and physiological, a somewhat rare com bination. - *—- ~ 2--" r- - -, CORRESPONDENCE, I.—GRAMMATICAL : USE of “No R.” Grammar depends upon usage rather than logic. Usage depends partly upon logic and partly on euphony, or upon what is most readily intelligible when uttered. The best guide, in questions such as the present one is neither Murray nor Mason, but Mätzner, who gives a large number of examples from standard authors. Those who cannot read German may consult Grice's Translation, vol. iii., p. 355, &c. - “It did not rain nor blow" is logically correct. “It did not rain or blow ’’ is colloquially permis- sible, chiefly because the sentence is short. Lengthen it, and observe the difference. We could hardly say, “It did not rain any longer, or did it blow at all.” Mätzner shows that even good authors occasionally use neither—or instead of neither—nor. But much depends upon the length and general form of the sentence. I should advise every author to judge for himself. To doubt whether the word nor has a right to exist is needless. Of course it will exist as long as our language, because in many collocations it is indispensable. WALTER W. SKEAT. II.-KICKED OUT. I sent in the MS. of a short story to a well- known firm of publishers last February. Ten weeks afterwards it was returned to me as unsuitable. I then inquired whether the deci- sion was final, or if Messrs. So-and-So might be disposed to divide the risk. They wrote in reply: “We could not undertake the publication of the story even if you took the whole of the risk.” This struck me as quite a superfluous, un- friendly sting to add to a rejection. A SENSITIVE BookMAKER. Authors’ Club, Whitehall Court, S.W. III.-REPORTER’s HARD EARNINGs. . An occasional paragrapher for Le Figaro fell in debt to a money-lender, who, two years ago ## p. 55 (#69) ############################################## THE AUTHOR. - 55 (April 25, 1892), served upon that journal an attachment of all moneys due or payable to the said journalist. The newspaper rejoined that there was nothing owing to the reporter, who received no salary, and was not regularly employed; but was always paid by the line, day by day, for every accepted paragraph, “echo,” or news-item he chanced to supply. The case was, however, pursued at law by the money-lender, who alleged the habitual employment of the journalist by the paper, and brought his action against the Figaro; but it dragged on, and it was only on May 3 I last that the matter was decided. The 6th Civil Court, having examined a file of the journal for two months prior to the date of the attempted setting up of a lien, was of opinion that the services rendered could not be called habitual ; but, on the contrary, that the para- graphs offered and accepted were of an “acci- dental” type, and showed no such regularity as would indicate an established engagement. The court thereupon held that the sale by a contri- butor of single articles for a sum there and then paid (which was the case before them) is mere buying and selling for ready money; that there existed no inherent right in the journalist's relations with this journal which could be con- strued into matter for seizure or attachment; and that thus the money-lender had shown the court nothing which legal process could lay hold of as attachable. The court therefore decided for the Figaro, and cast the money-lender in costs. Outside the court (and inside the journal) there is a prevalent opinion that if reporters' scant chance earnings were interceptable in this fashion, newspapers would very soon be short of Copy. J. O’N. IV.-SERIAL RIGHTS ONLY. “A Journalist” writes informing us that, “despite the very proper and energetic action of the Authors' Society in the interest of young authors, there are still proprietors of publications who send to contributors with their not too liberal cheques, formal documents in which the author is called upon to sign away to them all rights whatsoever in his work. It cannot be too frequently impressed upon authors that a contri- bution to a periodical is for the use of the said periodical and that only, the copyright for re- publication remaining with the writer. Further- more, I see that there is a question as to the time when payment should be made for contribu- tions. The money is due and payable when the accepted MS. is in the hands of the editor. I know several popular authors, and that is their ruling. Harper's, The Century, Scribner's, The Idler, The Ludgate Monthly, Macmillan's, and The English Illustrated, to which a friend of mine has contributed, always paid him on the delivery of his MS. ; then it must, of course, not be forgotten that the editors wanted his matter. The very severest terms as to payment from the honest publishers’ point of view does not go over a week after publication.” W.—AN AUTHOR’s GUIDE. Correspondents in the columns of the Author have from time to time expressed a wish to see produced an Authors’ Guide, having for its main object to give writers some practical and useful information about the various periodicals, news- papers, and publishing houses. It is a matter of complaint that, as things now are, the in- experienced author is quite unable to form an opinion for which of the numerous periodicals and newspapers his articles are most suitable, upon what terms editors would be willing to receive them, and also which of the publishing houses would be most likely to undertake the publication of any work which he may have written. It is said that the ignorance which prevails upon these points is the cause of much loss of time, unnecessary trouble, and not seldom of misunderstanding and irritation, and it is believed that a guide which would help to dispel this ignorance, and prevent these annoyances would be welcome to authors, editors, and pub- lishers alike. I am now enabled to state that Messrs. Southam and Co., of St. Paul’s-buildings, 29, Paternoster-row, have undertaken the publication of an Annual Authors’ Guide and Directory of Publishers, Periodicals, and Newspapers, in order to supply this want, and that they will gratefully receive any information or suggestions from members of the Society of Authors, with the view of making a good start in what it is hoped will be an annual publication. There is, of course, no royal road or short cut to literature, and Messrs. Southam and Co. do not intend to undertake the impossible task of trying to make one, but they hope that the book will be of real use to those who intend to apply themselves seriously to the profession of letters. All communications will be treated in con- fidence. C. B. ROYLANCE KENT. VI.-QUESTIONS FOR EDITORs. A circular to the same effect has reached us from Messrs. Southam and Co. It is accompanied by a list of questions sub- mitted to editors. They are as follows: ## p. 56 (#70) ############################################## 56 THE AUTHOR. I. What class of contributions do you consider the most suitable for your paper ? 2. What length of contribution do you prefer? 3. What is your scale rate of remuneration for accepted articles? 4. What are the conditions to be observed by authors in sending their contributions and upon which you are willing to receive and consider them P - 5. Then give any information which you think may be of use to authors in connection with your publication. - Please send rates for advertising publications with the discount for a series and the approxi- mate circulation. VII.-“THAMES RIGHTS AND THAMES WRONGs.” “I4, Parliament-street, S.W., June 1st, 1894. Sir, Sir Gilbert East has drawn our attention to a mistake in “Thames Rights and Thames Wrongs” which we have just published. Sir Gilbert East was not a conservator at the time he gave evidence before the Select Com- mittee of the House of Commons on Thames Preservation. He was elected on Nov. 23, 1885. Your insertion of this would greatly oblige,_Your obedient servants, ARCH. ConstABLE AND Co.” *- 2-# g- * ~ * M. ZoDA’s “Lou RDES.” Paris, June Io. A telegram from Rome, published in Paris this morning, stated that the Congregation of Rites had put its ban upon M. Emile Zola's romance of “Lourdes,” which is being published by a Roman firm simultaneously with its issue in Paris. M. Emile Zola was interviewed upon the subject to-night, and said it was the first time that such an honour had been conferred upon him. He was all the more surprised, because “Lourdes” was not in any sense an attack upon religion, but simply a perfectly human picture of what would take place at the famous place of pilgrimage. One could, he added, be a very good Catholic, and yet not believe in the miracles of Lourdes.—Standard, June I I. *-- * ~ * a- - --> NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS, Theology. ALEXANDER, REv. S. A. Christ and Scepticism. Isbister. ANDERSON, ROBERT. A Doubter's Doubts about Science and Religion. Second edition. Kegan Paul. 3s. 6d. BENNETT, PROFESSOR. W. H. The Expositor's Bible : The Books of Chronicles. Hodder and Stoughton. 7s.6d. BUCKHOUSE, EDWARD, AND TYLOR, CHARLEs. Witnesses for Christ. Second edition, revised and somewhat abridged. Simpkin, Marshall. DIDON, REv. FATHER. Belief in the Divinity of Jesus Christ. " Kegan Paul. 58. DISCIPLESHIP : THE SCHEME of CHRISTIANITY. author of “The King and the Kingdom.” and Norgate. GOUGH, E. J. Preachers of the Age. The Religion of the Son of Man. Sampson Low. 3s.6d. HALL, REv. H. E. Manual of Christian Doctrine, chiefly intended for confirmation classes. With a preface by the Rev. W. H. Hutchings. Longmans. MALDONATUS, JOHN. A. 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The English Church and the Canon Law. The Fourth Charge. Elliot Stock. 6d. STRONG, JAMEs. The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible. Published by subscription. Hodder and Stoughton. 2 Is. WEDGwooD, JULIA. The Message of Israel, in the Light of Modern Criticism. Isbister. 7s. 6d. - WELSH PULPIT, THE. By a Scribe, a Pharisee, and a Lawyer. Fisher Unwin. Is. WILLIAMs, F. J. The Charm of the Presence of Christ. Partridge. Is. History and Biography. BELL, MACKENZIE. Charles Whitehead : A Forgotten Genius. New ediition, with an appreciation of White- head by Hall Cane. Ward, Lock. 3s. 6d. BELL, NANCY. Heroes of North African Discovery. Fourth edition. Marcus Ward. 3s.6d. BRITTEN, F. J. Former Clock and Watch Makers and their Work. Spon. 5s. CALENDAR of THE PATENT ROLLs preserved in the Public Record Office, Edward II. 1307-1313. Pre- pared under the superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Eyre and Spottiswoode. CAMERON, WILLIAM E. History of the World’s Columbian Exposition. Edited under the personal supervision of. Second edition. Chicago: Columbian History Company. Four parts. 3 dollars each. CHRISTOPHER, CoLUMBUs. His own Book of Privileges, *…* 1502. Facsimile of the manuscript in the Archives of the Foreign Office in Paris, now for the first time published. Translated by George F. Barwick, with an historical introduction by Henry Harrisse. The whole edited, with preface, by Benjamin Franklin Stevens, 4, Trafalgar-square. ## p. 57 (#71) ############################################## THE AUTHOR. 57 CLIMENSON, EMILY J. The History of Shiplake, Oxon. For subscribers only. Eyre and Spottiswoode. CUPPLEs, GEORGE. Scotch Deer-Hounds and their Masters. With a biographical sketch of the author by James Hutchison Stirling. Blackwood. DUNN, WALTER T. Records of Transactions of the Junior Engineering Society. Wol. III.; 1892-3. Edited by. Published by the Society. - EHRLICH, A. Celebrated Pianists of the Past and Present Time. 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