| 312 | https://historysoa.com/items/show/312 | The Author, Vol. 08 Issue 09 (February 1898) | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%3Cem%3EThe+Author%3C%2Fem%3E%2C+Vol.+08+Issue+09+%28February+1898%29"><em>The Author</em>, Vol. 08 Issue 09 (February 1898)</a> | | | <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049239455" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049239455</a> | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Publication">Publication</a> | 1898-02-01-The-Author-8-9 | | | | | 229–252 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=89&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=8">8</a> | | | | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=76&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1898-02-01">1898-02-01</a> | | | | | | | 9 | | | 18980201 | TLhe Hutbor*<br />
(The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.)<br />
CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT.<br />
Vol. VIII.—No. 9.]<br />
FEBRUARY I, if<br />
[Price Sixpence<br />
CONTENTS.<br />
General Memoranda<br />
Literary Property—<br />
1. The Anflo-Oennan Copyright Ooovetition ...<br />
2. Gcrraro r. Rldeal<br />
S. The Law of Author and Publisher<br />
4. The Coat of Production<br />
5. Cost of Binding<br />
'*. Copyright in Photographs<br />
7. Schopenhauer on Authorship, Copyr fth' and<br />
Amendment of Copyright Law<br />
New York Letter. By Norman Hapgood<br />
The Birthday of the Alhamm<br />
PAOK<br />
229<br />
281<br />
231<br />
282<br />
2'2<br />
282<br />
2:12<br />
S'yle—<br />
232<br />
233<br />
284<br />
PA8B<br />
... ise<br />
... 237<br />
... 289<br />
... 23!l<br />
... 240<br />
... 243<br />
SotM and News. By the Editor.<br />
The Discount System<br />
Another Sporting Offer<br />
Personal<br />
A Sporting Offer Agreemont<br />
Books of W.<7<br />
Correspondence.—1 Psper Corel<br />
lishlng. 'I The Fate of the<br />
Journalists' I'nion 6. Editor and Contributor. 6. Diseases<br />
in Fiction. 7. The Letter •* K." S. Question* and Answers... 244<br />
Book Talk 247<br />
Obituary t*l<br />
Books of the Month 2*1<br />
2. The Problem of Pub-<br />
■ Unknown." 4 Propose<br />
PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY.<br />
1. The Annual Report. That for January 1897 can be had on application to the Secretary.<br />
2. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance of Literary<br />
Property. Issued to all Members, 6s. 6d. per annum. Back numbers are offered at the<br />
following prices: Vol. I., io«. 6d. (Bound); Vols. II., III., and IV., 8*. 6d. eacli (Bound);<br />
Vol. V., 6s. 6d. (Unbound).<br />
3. Literature and the Pension List. By W. Morris Colles, Barrister-at-Law. (Henry Grlaisher,<br />
95, Strand, W.C.) 3.*.<br />
i. The History of the Societe des Gens de Lettres. By s. Squire Sprigoe, late Secretary to<br />
the Society, is.<br />
5. The Cost Of Production. In this work specimens are given of the most important forms of type,<br />
size of page, Ac, with estimates showing what it costs to produce the more common kinds of<br />
books. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 2s. 6d.<br />
6. The Various Methods of Publication. By S. Squire Sprigoe. In this work, compiled from the<br />
papers in the Society's offices, the various forms of agreements proposed by Publishers to<br />
Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the various<br />
kinds of fraud which have been made possible by the different clauses in their agreements.<br />
Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 3*.<br />
7. Copyright Law Reform. An Exposition of Lord Monkswell's Copyright Bill of 1890. With<br />
Extracts from the Report of the Commission of 1878, and an Appendix containing the<br />
Berne Convention and the American Copyright Bill. By J. M. Lely. Eyre and Spottis-<br />
woode. i*. 6d.<br />
8. The Society Of Authors. A Record of its Action from its Foundation By Walter Besant<br />
(Chairman of Committee, 1888—1892). is. •*<br />
9. The Contract of Publication in Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland. By Ernst<br />
Lunge, J.U.D. 2.?. 6d. i.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 228 (#666) ############################################<br />
<br />
11<br />
AD VER TISEMENTS.<br />
^ti)e $ocieip of Jlut^ots (§ncorporafe6)<br />
PRESIDENT.<br />
GEOEQE IMTZEIEtlEIDITIH:.<br />
COUNCIL.<br />
3ir Edwin Arnold, K.C.I.E., C.S.I.<br />
J. M. Baerib.<br />
A. W. 1 Beckett.<br />
Robert Batsman.<br />
P. E. Bkddard, F.R.S.<br />
Sir Henry Bergne, K.C.M.G.<br />
Sir Walter Bebant.<br />
Algustine Birrell, M.P.<br />
Rev. Prof. Bonnet, P.R.S.<br />
Right Hon. Jameb Brtce, M.P.<br />
Right Hon. Lord Burghclere, P.C.<br />
Hall Caine.<br />
Egerton Cabtle, F.S.A.<br />
P. W. Clatden.<br />
Edward Clodd.<br />
W. Morris Colles.<br />
Hon. John Collier.<br />
Sir W. Martin Conway.<br />
F. Marion Crawford.<br />
Right Hon. G. N. Curzon, P.C, M.P.<br />
Hon.<br />
A. W. a Beckett.<br />
Sir Walter Bebant.<br />
Eoerton Cabtle, F.S.A.<br />
W. Morris Colles.<br />
The Earl of Desart.<br />
Austin Dobson.<br />
A. Conan Doyle, M.D.<br />
A. W. Dubourg.<br />
Prof. Michael Foster, F.R.S.<br />
D. W. Freshfibld.<br />
Richard Garnett, C.B., LL.D.<br />
Edmund Gobse.<br />
H. Rider Haggard.<br />
Thomas Hardy.<br />
Anthony Hopb Hawkins.<br />
Jerome K. Jerome.<br />
Rudyard Kipling.<br />
Prof. E. Ray Lankester, F.R.S.<br />
W. E. H. Lecky, P.C, M.P.<br />
J. M. Lely.<br />
Mrs. E. Lynn Linton.<br />
Rev. W. J. Loftie, F.SA.<br />
Sir A. C. Mackenzie, Mas.Doc.<br />
Prof. J. M. D. Meiklejohn.<br />
Counsel — E. M. TJnderdown,<br />
COMMITTEE OF MANAGE<br />
Chairman—H. Rider Haggard.<br />
Sir W. Martin Conway.<br />
D. W. Freshfield.<br />
Anthony Hope Hawkins.<br />
J. M. Lely.<br />
Herman C Merivalk.<br />
Rev. C. H. Middleton-Wake.<br />
Sir Lewis Morris.<br />
Henry Norman.<br />
Miss E. A. Ormerod.<br />
J. C. Parkinson.<br />
Right Hon. Lord Pirbbioht, P.C,<br />
F.R.S.<br />
Sir Frederick Pollock, Bajrt., LL.D.<br />
Walter Herrieb Pollock,<br />
w. bapti8te scoones.<br />
Miss Flora L. Shaw.<br />
G. R. Sims.<br />
S. Squire Sprigge.<br />
J. J. Stevenson.<br />
Francis Storr.<br />
William Moy Thomas.<br />
H. D. Traill, D.C.L.<br />
Mrs. Humphry Ward.<br />
Miss Charlotte M. Yonge.<br />
Q.C.<br />
M ENT.<br />
Sir A. C Mackenzie, Mus.Doc.<br />
Henry Norman.<br />
Francis Storr.<br />
SUB-COMMITTEES.<br />
MUSIC<br />
C Villibrs Stanford, Mns.D. (Chairman).<br />
Jacques Blumbnthal.<br />
ART.<br />
Hon. John Collier (Chairman).<br />
Sir W. Martin Conway.<br />
M. H. Spielmann.<br />
( Field, Roscoe, and Co., Lincoln's Inn Fields.<br />
\ G. Herbert Thring, B.A., 4, Portugal-street. Secretary—G. Herbert Thring, B.A.<br />
OFFICES: 4, Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C<br />
DRAMA.<br />
Henry Arthur Jones (Chairman).<br />
A. W. 1 Beckett.<br />
Edward Rose.<br />
Solicitors-<br />
.A.. IP. WATT &c SO IDT,<br />
LITERARY AGENTS,<br />
Formerly of 2, PATERNOSTER SCIUARE,<br />
Have now removed to<br />
HASTINGS HOUSE, NORFOLK STREET, STRAND,<br />
LONDON", W.C.<br />
I THE TEMPLE TYPEWRITING OFFICE. f<br />
YPEWRITING EXCEPTIONALLY ACCURATE. Moderate prices. Duplicates of Circulars by the latest $<br />
process. ^<br />
^OPINIONS OF CLIENTS —Distinguished Author:—"The moat beautiful typing I have ever seen." Laot of Titlk :—11 The $<br />
$ work was very well and clearly done." Provincial Editor :—" Many thanks for the spotless neatnesw and beautiful accuracy." S<br />
MISS GENTRY, TCI,DON CHAMBKRg, 30, FLEET STREET, E.C.?<br />
|T<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 229 (#667) ############################################<br />
<br />
^Ibe Hutbor,<br />
(The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.)<br />
CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT.<br />
Vol. VIII.—No. 9.] FEBRUARY 1, 1898. [Pbicb Sixpence.<br />
For the Opinions expressed in papers that are<br />
signed or initialled the Authors alone are<br />
responsible. None of the papers or para-<br />
graphs must be taken as expressing the<br />
collective opinions of the Committee unless<br />
they are officially signed by G. Herbert<br />
Thring, See.<br />
T riHE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all<br />
I remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and<br />
requests that all members not receiving an answer to<br />
important communications within two days will write to him<br />
without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union<br />
Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered<br />
letter only.<br />
Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on<br />
all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub-<br />
jects whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are<br />
returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS.<br />
GENERAL MEMORANDA.<br />
FOB some years it has been the praotioe to insert, in<br />
every number of The Author, certain " General Con-<br />
siderations," Warnings, Notices, Ac, for the guidance<br />
of the reader. It has been objected as regards these<br />
warnings that the tricks or frauds against which they are<br />
directed cannot all be guarded against, for obvious reasons.<br />
It is, however, well that they Bhould be borne in mind, and<br />
if any publisher refuges a clause of precaution he simply<br />
reveals his true character, and should be left to carry on<br />
his business in his own way.<br />
Let us, however, draw up a few of the rules to be<br />
observed in an agreement. There are three methods of<br />
dealing with literary property:—<br />
I. That of selling it outright.<br />
This is in some respects the most satisfactory, if a proper<br />
price can be obtained. But the transaction should be<br />
managed by a competent agent.<br />
II. A profit-sharing agreement.<br />
In this case the following rules should be attended to:<br />
(1.) Not to sign any agreement in which the cost of pro-<br />
duction forms a part.<br />
(2.) Not to give the publisher the power of putting the<br />
profits into his own pocket by charging for advertisements<br />
VOL. VIII.<br />
in his own organs: or by charging exchange advertise-<br />
ments.<br />
(3.) Not to allow a special charge for " office expenses,'<br />
unless the same allowance is made to the author.<br />
(4.) Not to give up American, Colonial, or Continental<br />
rights.<br />
(5.) Not to give up serial or translation rights.<br />
(6.) Not to bind yourself for future work to any publisher.<br />
As well bind yourself for the future to any one solicitor or<br />
doctor!<br />
(7.) To stamp the agreement.<br />
III. The royalty system.<br />
In this system, which has opened the door to a most<br />
amazing amount of overreaching and trading on the<br />
author's ignorance, it is above all things necessary to know<br />
what the proposed royalty means to both tides. It is now<br />
possible for an author to ascertain approximately and very<br />
nearly the truth. From time to time the very important<br />
figures connected with royalties are published in The Author.<br />
Readers can also work out the figureB themselves from the<br />
"Cost of Production." Let no one, not even the youngest<br />
writer, sign a royalty agreement without finding out what<br />
it gives the publisher as well as himself.<br />
It has been objected that these precautions presuppose a<br />
great success for the book, and that very few books indeed<br />
attain to this groat success. That is quite true: but there is<br />
always this uncertainty of literary property that, although<br />
the works of a great many authors carry with them no risk<br />
at all, and although of a great many it is known within a few<br />
copies what will be their minimum circulation, it is not<br />
known what will be their maximum. Therefore every<br />
author, for every book, Bhould arrange on the chance of a<br />
success which will not, probably, come at all; but which<br />
may come.<br />
The four points which the Society has always demanded<br />
from the outset are:—<br />
(1.) That both Bides shall know what an agreement<br />
means.<br />
(2.) The inspection of those aooount books which belong<br />
to the author. We are advised that this is a right, in the<br />
nature of a common law right, which cannot be denied or<br />
withheld.<br />
(3.) That there shall be no secret profits.<br />
(4.) That nothing shall be oharged which has not been<br />
actually paid—for instance, that there shall be no charge for<br />
advertisements in the publisher's own organs and none tor<br />
exchanged advertisements and that all discounts shall be<br />
duly entered.<br />
If these points are carefully looked after, the author may<br />
rest pretty well assured that he is in right hands. At the<br />
same time he will do well to send his agreement to the<br />
secretary before he signs it.<br />
u 2<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 230 (#668) ############################################<br />
<br />
230 THE AUTHOR.<br />
HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY.<br />
I. Ij^ VERY member has a right to ask for and to receive<br />
JjJ advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub-<br />
lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his<br />
business or the administration of his property. If the advice<br />
sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member<br />
has a right to an opinion from the Society's solicitors. If the<br />
case is such that Counsel's opinion is desirable, the Com-<br />
mittee will obtain for him Counsel's opinion. All this<br />
without any cost to the member.<br />
2. Remember that questions conneoted with copyright<br />
and publisher's agreements do not generally fall within the<br />
experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple<br />
to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually<br />
engaged upon such questions for us.<br />
3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and paBt<br />
accounts with the loan of the books represented. This is in<br />
order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree-<br />
ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively<br />
so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any<br />
agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor-<br />
mation thus obtained may prove invaluable.<br />
4. If the examination of your previous business trans-<br />
actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should<br />
take advice as to a change of publishers.<br />
5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro-<br />
posed document to the Society for examination.<br />
6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in<br />
the case of fraudulent nouses—the tricks of every publish-<br />
ing firm in the oountry.<br />
7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you<br />
are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are<br />
reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing<br />
the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen-<br />
lence of the writer.<br />
8. Send to the Editor of The Author notes of everything<br />
important to literature that you may hear or meet with.<br />
9. The committee have now arranged for the reception of<br />
members' agreements and their preservation in a fireproof<br />
safe. The agreements will, of course, be regarded as con-<br />
fidential documents to be read only by the Secretary, who<br />
will keep the key of the safe. The Society now offers:—(1)<br />
To read and advise upon agreements and publishers. (2) To<br />
stamp agreements in readiness for a possible action upon<br />
them. (3) To keep agreements. (4) To enforce payments<br />
due according to agreements.<br />
THE AUTHORS' SYNDICATE,<br />
MEMBERS are informed:<br />
1. That the Authors' Syndicate takes charge of<br />
the business of members of the Society. That it<br />
submits MSS. to publishers and editors, concludes agree-<br />
ments, examines, passes, and collects accounts, and, gene-<br />
rally, relieves members of the trouble of managing business<br />
details.<br />
2. That the terms npon which its services can be secured<br />
will be forwarded upon detailed application.<br />
3. That the Authors' Syndicate works only for those<br />
members of the Society whose work possesses a market<br />
value.<br />
4. That the Syndicate can only undertake any negotiations<br />
whatever on the distinct understanding that those negotia-<br />
tions are placed exclusively in its hands, and that all<br />
communications relating thereto are referred to it.<br />
5. That clients can only be seen by the Director by<br />
appointment, and that, when possible, at least two days'<br />
notice should be given.<br />
6. That every attempt is made to deal with all communi-<br />
cations promptly. That stamps should, in nil cases, be sent<br />
to defray postage.<br />
7. That the Authors' Syndicate does not invite MSS.<br />
without previous correspondence; does not hold itself<br />
responsible for MSS. forwarded without notice; and that<br />
in all oases MSS. must be accompanied by stamps to defray<br />
postage.<br />
8. That the Syndicate undertakes arrangements for<br />
lectures by some of the leading members of the Society;<br />
that it has a "Transfer Department" for the sale and<br />
purchase of journals and periodicals; and that a " Register<br />
of Wants and Wanted" is open. Members are invited to<br />
communicate their requirements to the Manager.<br />
There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services<br />
will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It<br />
is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the<br />
Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in<br />
the Syndicate.<br />
NOTICES.<br />
THE Editor of The Author begs to remind members of the<br />
Society that, although the paper is sent to them free<br />
of charge, the oost of producing it would be a very<br />
heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great<br />
many members did not forward to the Seoretary the modest<br />
6s. 6d. subscription for the year.<br />
The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and<br />
communications on all subjects connected with literature<br />
from members and others. Nothing can do more good to<br />
the Sooiety than to make The Author complete, attractive,<br />
and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this<br />
work send their names and the special subjects on which<br />
they are willing to write P<br />
Communications for The Author should reach the Editor<br />
not later than the 21st of each mouth.<br />
All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether<br />
members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate<br />
to the Editor any points connected with their work which<br />
it would be advisable in the general interest to publish.<br />
Members and others who wish their MSS. read are<br />
requested not to send them to the Office without previously<br />
communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable<br />
despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in<br />
which they are received. It must also be distinctly under-<br />
stood that the Sooiety does not, under any circumstances,<br />
undertake the publication of MSS.<br />
The Authors' Club is now open in its new premises, at<br />
3, Whitehall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary<br />
for information, rules of admission, Ac.<br />
Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they<br />
have paid their subscriptions for the year P If they will do<br />
this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker's<br />
order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the<br />
trouble of sending out a reminder.<br />
Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the<br />
following warning. It is a most foolish and may be a<br />
most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding<br />
for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they<br />
wonld give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five<br />
years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 231 (#669) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
231<br />
or dishonest? Of course they would not. Why then<br />
hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign them-<br />
selves into literary bondage for three or five years P<br />
"Those who possess the 1 Cost of Production' are<br />
requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15<br />
per cent." This clause was inserted three or four years ago.<br />
Estimates have, however, recently been obtained which show<br />
that the figures in the book may be relied on as nearly<br />
correct: as near as is possible.<br />
Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged<br />
in the " Cost of Production" for advertising. Of course, we<br />
have not included any Bums which may be charged for<br />
inserting advertisements in the publisher's own magazines,<br />
or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too<br />
often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from<br />
sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket,<br />
by inserting any number of advertisements in his own<br />
magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are<br />
who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those<br />
who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it.<br />
LITERARY PROPERTY.<br />
I.—The Anglo-German Copyright<br />
Convention.<br />
THE telegram appearing in the Times of<br />
Jan. 29, announcing the withdrawal of<br />
Germany from the Anglo-German Conven-<br />
tion for the protection of authors' copyright,<br />
refers to those treaties existing between Germany,<br />
Prussia, and England prior to the Berne Con-<br />
vention. Questions have arisen from time to<br />
time during the past few years as to how far<br />
these prior treaties had any effect on the articles<br />
existing between the countries under the Berne<br />
Convention. As stated in the telegram they<br />
have lost their legal force in Great Britain, and<br />
have now been declared null and void by the<br />
withdrawal of Germany. There is, however, one<br />
question, how far this withdrawal may have an<br />
effect on books published under these treaties<br />
prior to the Berne Convention, whether the with-<br />
drawal is retrospective, and in what way it may<br />
bear upon past publications. The secretary<br />
has written to the Foreign Office asking whether<br />
they can forward information to the Society on<br />
the effect of the withdrawal.<br />
II.—Gerrare v. Rideal.<br />
In the Westminster County Court on Thursday,<br />
Dec. 16, his Honour Judge Lumley Smith (Q.C.)<br />
and a jury had before them the case of Gerrare v.<br />
Rideal and the Roxburghe Press, in which the<br />
plaintiff Mr. W. Gerrare, an author, sued the<br />
defendant to recover the sum of £27, which<br />
amount, he contended, was due to him under an<br />
agreement with the defendants for the publication<br />
of a book entitled " Phantasms."<br />
The plaintiff was called, and said he entered<br />
into an agreement with the defendants to publish<br />
his book, and place it on the market for three<br />
months, the idea being that during that time it<br />
would be seen what the public demand would be<br />
for it. That arrangement was duly carried out<br />
and the book was withdrawn from sale on Lady-<br />
day, 1895; but in spite of his repeated applica-<br />
cations for a statement of account, he (plaintiff)<br />
had been unable to induce the defendants to<br />
supply him with one; and, although he felt sure<br />
that there was a considerable sum due to him in<br />
respect of sales, he was unable to get from the<br />
defendants any approximate idea as to what was<br />
due to him. It was within his knowledge that<br />
1000 copies of the book were issued, half at half-<br />
a-crown, and the remainder at three-and-sixpence,<br />
and all he now asked for was a statement as to<br />
what had been done with them. He had paid<br />
the defendants £6~ for printing expenses, but<br />
they had failed to register the book, as they<br />
undertook to do by the agreement, and on that<br />
point alone he contended that he had suffered<br />
damage. He further complained that the defen-<br />
dants agreed to pay the artist for the frontispiece,<br />
but he (plaintiff) had been threatened by the<br />
artist with an action.<br />
At tliis point of the case his Honour remarked<br />
that the plaintiff's damages looked rather remote<br />
at the present moment, but it was quite clear that<br />
he was entitled to a proper account, and could, if<br />
he wished, have it taken by the Registrar.<br />
The Plaintiff.—I have applied time after time<br />
to the defendants during the past three years, but<br />
have been unable to get one.<br />
In cross-examination by defendants' counsel,<br />
the plaintiff swore most positively that he had<br />
never received an account of which that now pro-<br />
duced was a copy. He had on several occasions<br />
expressed his willingness to have the figures gone<br />
into by a chartered accountant, but he could get<br />
no satisfaction of any kind.<br />
Counsel for the defence said his clients were<br />
perfectly willing to have the account taken by a<br />
chartered accountant, and were willing to pay the<br />
costs of any gentleman whom plaintiff chose to name.<br />
The Plaintiff.—That is what I have been asking<br />
for for the past three years, and 1 have a letter to<br />
the effect.<br />
His Honour said it was quite clear that the<br />
plaintiff was entitled to a full account as to what<br />
had become of the books which were printed.<br />
The defendants could not expect to have things<br />
all their own way, even although they were pub-<br />
lishers.<br />
Plaintiff.—I have paid the defendants .£67 in<br />
respect of their expenses, and all I have received<br />
back is =£23.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 232 (#670) ############################################<br />
<br />
232<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
In the end his Honour said he thought it was<br />
quite clear that the defendants had broken their<br />
agreement with the plaintiff, but as they had<br />
undertaken to supply him with a proper account,<br />
he would adjourn the case for that purpose.<br />
Defendants' counsel.—We will see that a<br />
proper account is rendered, but we should like the<br />
plaintiffs claim for damages settled.<br />
His Honour.—Well, the jury are here. You<br />
may go further and fare worse. If the jury give<br />
damages they must do so.<br />
In the end it was agreed that the jury should<br />
lie discharged without giving a verdict, on the<br />
understanding that the plaintiff was to be supplied<br />
with a proper account drawn up by a chartered<br />
accountant. .<br />
III.—The Law of Author and Publisher.<br />
Mr. Wicks' s case, of which we extracted a.<br />
report from the Atheweum last month, though it<br />
lays down no new principle, is of great impor-<br />
tance from its recognition by the Lord Chief<br />
Justice of England of the rule that the contract<br />
between author and publisher is of a personal<br />
character, and cannot be assigned by one pub-<br />
lisher to another without the consent of the<br />
author. The rule was first laid down so far back<br />
as 1855 in the case of Stevens v. Benning, and was<br />
acted upon last year in Griffith v. Tower Pub-<br />
lishing Company by Mr. Justice Stirling, who<br />
restrained the receiver of an insolvent company,<br />
in a debenture holder's action against the com-<br />
pany, from assigning the benefit of a publishing<br />
agreement without the consent of the author. In<br />
Hole c. Bradbury, which was heard in 1879, the<br />
same rule was recognised by Mr. Justice Fry, and it<br />
is now settled law, although contracts except those<br />
between author and publisher, and any others in<br />
which a person is employed "with reference to<br />
his individual skill, competency, or other personal<br />
qualification," can be assigned by either party<br />
merely on notice to the other.<br />
IV.—The Cost of Production.<br />
Here are certain estimates received by an<br />
author anxious to learn what his book would cost<br />
to produce. They are placed side by side for com-<br />
parison with the figures in the Society's " Cost of<br />
Production." It must be explained (1) that the<br />
composition includes three lines of small type for<br />
every page, which partly accounts for the difference<br />
betweenthe printers' estimates and that of the<br />
Society; (2) that the estimates are for a single<br />
book, whereas those of the Society are intended, as<br />
approximately as possible, to represent the figures<br />
obtained where a large quantity of printing is<br />
ordered—many books, that is, not one; and (3)<br />
that the estimates include a profit on paper<br />
and binding, which would be avoided by going<br />
direct to paper-makers and binders, and ordering<br />
in large quantities.<br />
Even with these additions to the cost, an edition<br />
of 1000 copies can be produced by a first-class<br />
London house at a cost of ,£21 less than the<br />
estimate of the Society.<br />
Twenty-Bix sheets at 320 words to a page. The edition to<br />
consist of 1000 copies.<br />
Society<br />
(P- 47)-<br />
£.<br />
t.<br />
d.<br />
£.<br />
8. d.<br />
£.<br />
d.<br />
4.<br />
Composing )<br />
(per sheet) ) 1<br />
18<br />
6 .<br />
.. 2<br />
2 0 .<br />
1<br />
«4<br />
0 .<br />
1<br />
Printing 0<br />
9<br />
0 .<br />
.. 0<br />
10 0<br />
. 0<br />
11<br />
6 .<br />
.. 0<br />
Paper ... 0<br />
9<br />
6 .<br />
.. 0<br />
17 0<br />
0<br />
16<br />
6 .<br />
1<br />
Moulding... 0<br />
S<br />
0 .<br />
.. 0<br />
5 4<br />
.. 0<br />
6<br />
0 .<br />
0<br />
Binding ... 0<br />
0<br />
5 ■<br />
.. 0<br />
0 6<br />
.. 0<br />
0<br />
9*<br />
.. 0<br />
IOI<br />
8<br />
8<br />
[21<br />
12 8<br />
125<br />
10<br />
8<br />
136<br />
9 o<br />
* Half open.<br />
V.—Cost of Binding.<br />
It is no longer necessary to continue the note<br />
as to the increased cost of binding. Binding has<br />
not increased; it has gone down. There is before<br />
us an estimate from a first-class bookbinder for a<br />
single book, not for a number of books. The<br />
estimate, with a specimen showing excellent work,<br />
is 30.V. per 100 copies, i.e., 3 a volume. Now, if<br />
a large number of copies could be ordered at once,<br />
the cost would be very much less. Therefore,<br />
the price per copy estimated in the "Cost of Pro-<br />
duction" may stand till further notice.<br />
VI.—Copyright in Photographs.<br />
A case is reported in the Birmingliam Post<br />
which seems to consider the copyright in photo-<br />
graphs to be established as soon as the photo-<br />
graph is taken. If the case is properly reported<br />
the facts were as follows: A. B., the photo-<br />
grapher, took a portrait of C. D., who paid<br />
nothing for the first dozen, but did pay the ordi-<br />
nary price for the next dozen. Certain local<br />
printers then printed some 400 copies, either for<br />
sale or for distribution, whereupon the photo-<br />
grapher took the case before the Petty Sessions.<br />
The defence was that there was no written agree-<br />
ment. The Bench fined the defendants, and<br />
ordered them to give up the block.<br />
VII.—Schopenhauer on Authorship, Copy-<br />
right, and Style—Amendment of Copy-<br />
right Law.<br />
Schopenhauer's essay on authorship and style,<br />
ably translated by Mrs. Rudolph Dircks, and to<br />
be had for I*. 6f/. with a dozen of his other<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 233 (#671) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
233<br />
essays, contains so much that is good as to choice of<br />
a title, and avoidance of diffuseness and obscurity,<br />
that every author who can spare the time would<br />
do well to read it through if he has not already<br />
done so. But in saying that " writing for money<br />
and the preservation of copyright are the ruin of<br />
literature," he not only said what is not true,<br />
but flew in the face of our EDglish Copyright<br />
Act (passed in the fifty-seventh year of his age),<br />
which by its preamble declares its object to have<br />
been "to afford greater encouragement to the<br />
production of literary works of lasting benefit to<br />
the world."<br />
That Act now confessedly requiring amend-<br />
ment in certain particulars, as pointed out in the<br />
Report of the Royal Commission of 1878, a Bill<br />
to promote the more urgent amendments was<br />
prepared by members of the Authors' Society,<br />
acting in concert with representatives of the Pub-<br />
lishers' Association and the Copyright Associa-<br />
tion last year, and intrusted to Lord Monkswell,<br />
who carried it through the House of Lords, after<br />
an investigation (with the aid of witnesses) by a<br />
Select Committee, and has kindly consented to<br />
reintroduce it, as amended by that committee, in<br />
the approaching Session. It may reasonably be<br />
hoped that the House of Lords will again pass<br />
the Bill, but popular enthusiasm for it can hardly<br />
be expected to be warm enough to make success<br />
in the House of Commons a certainty.<br />
The Bill was printed at length, together with a<br />
memorandum of its contents, in an Author of<br />
last year. Shortly put, its effect is to make trans-<br />
lations infringements of copyright, to reduce<br />
from twenty-eight years to three the period at<br />
the end of which contributors to periodicals may<br />
separately publish their contributions, to simplify<br />
copyright in lectures, to prohibit abridgments<br />
without the consent of the owner of the copy-<br />
right in the work abridged, to make the dramati-<br />
sation of novels and the novelisation of dramas<br />
alike infringements of copyright, and to give a<br />
summary remedy for the infringement of dramatic<br />
copyright.<br />
Judging from the declarations of Lord Dudley<br />
in the House of Lords, on the second reading of<br />
Lord Monkswell's Bill, it may, perhaps, be hoped<br />
that the Government will come forward, in the<br />
forthcoming Session, with a measure of their own.<br />
"The Board of Trade," the noble lord is reported<br />
in the Times to have said, "would he quite<br />
ready to introduce a Bill, dealing not only with<br />
the amendment of the copyright law but also<br />
with its consolidation," when certain negotiations<br />
between this country, the colonies, and foreign<br />
countries should be completed.<br />
I would venture to suggest, however, that the<br />
consideration of amendment, apart from and<br />
prior to consolidation, would be for the interest<br />
of all parties concerned.<br />
Such a consideration would, in all probability,<br />
give us something before the end of the Session,<br />
whereas the consideration in one whole of a con-<br />
solidating and amending Bill would be only too<br />
likely to end in nothing. J. M. Lely.<br />
NEW YORK LETTER.<br />
New York, Jan. 18.<br />
ONE of the members of a large publishing<br />
firm, having a house in England as well<br />
as in New York, said the other day that<br />
there was a rapidly growing interest in Great<br />
Britain in historical and literary works about the<br />
United States, especially in those which go into<br />
the causes of its development in various direc-<br />
tions. It is very probable that the scheme which<br />
the Macmillan Company is about to carry out<br />
will find almost as much attention on the other<br />
side of the water as on this. It is the publication<br />
of the sixth volume of Craik's "English Prose,"<br />
dealing with the United States. The preparation<br />
of this volume and the amount of attention given<br />
to the different writers really involves the task of<br />
placing American prose writers in the order of<br />
their importance more carefully than has ever<br />
been done before. The work is in charge of<br />
Professor Geo. R. Carpenter, of Columbia, whose<br />
books on grammar and rhetoric, besides his occa-<br />
sional writings and college teaching, have made<br />
him well known. He is particularly fitted also to<br />
reach a final decision of this kind by tempera-<br />
ment, and to carry it out successfully by wide<br />
acquaintance with living writers. In selecting<br />
the men to criticise the authors he will draw<br />
somewhat on English as well as on the leading<br />
American critics. The task is somewhat simpli-<br />
fied by the fact that only dead writers will be<br />
dealt with.<br />
The longest space will be given to seven<br />
authors, namely, Hawthorne, Holmes, Irving,<br />
Lowell, Cooper, Emerson, and Poe. The selection<br />
of these seven for a little fuller attention than<br />
any of the others means practically that they are,<br />
from a strictly literary point of view, the most<br />
important authors that this country has produced.<br />
Personally, I should be inclined to doubt whether<br />
Irving and Holmes will in the long run find<br />
their places ahead of two men who come in the<br />
second rank. Of course, the authors are not<br />
divided off this way in the book, and the relative<br />
amount of importance attached to them is indi-<br />
cated by space only. That Emerson, Hawthorne,<br />
and Lowell come first would hardly be disputed<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 234 (#672) ############################################<br />
<br />
234<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
by anyone, and the originality of Poe, and espe-<br />
cially the very American originality of Cooper,<br />
probably make it safe to put them next.<br />
In the second class are Whitman, Thoreau,<br />
Franklin, Parkman, Motley, and Webster.<br />
Whitman is just now enjoying a special vogue,<br />
and it is impossible to form any valuable guess<br />
at the verdict of time in his case. New editions<br />
of his works have been issued recently, and<br />
another will be issued at once, and Whitman<br />
societies are forming in various parts of the<br />
country, with the same spirit of worship which<br />
marked the Browning excitement in a few of our<br />
cities some years ago. Thoreau is marked by the<br />
intense admiration of a comparatively small<br />
number of intelligent readers. Parkman and<br />
Motley, of course, owe their main value to their<br />
historical comprehension of the tendencies of<br />
American civilisation. The other two men are<br />
the ones who seem to me to belong in the very<br />
first rank of American literature; especially<br />
Franklin, who has been appreciated time and<br />
again for his common sense, judgment, and inven-<br />
tion, but much less than he deserves to be for his<br />
peculiar and permanent literary charm.<br />
The others who are admitted come in the third<br />
class, and include Cotton Mather, Jonathan<br />
Edwards, Prescott, Lincoln, Washington, Jeffer-<br />
son, Samuel Adams, Mrs. Stowe, George WiUiam<br />
Curtis, Tom Paine, Chauning, Margaret Fuller,<br />
Hamilton, Madison, Phillips, Garrison, Sumner,<br />
and Calhoun. Of these writers it may certainly<br />
be said as a generality, that the earlier ones are<br />
far more interesting. Alexander Hamilton has<br />
an importance not only for what he thought, but<br />
for the way he expressed his ideas, which puts<br />
him very near the top in genuine literary interest.<br />
Edwards is among the most important figures for<br />
students of our life and literature to understand,<br />
for he represented Calvinism at its height as ably<br />
as Franklin represented common sense and<br />
Emerson Transcendentalism. Samuel Adams and<br />
Tom Paine and Margaret Fuller were all jour-<br />
nalists essentially. They all have a profound<br />
interest for that kind of strong, scattered influence<br />
on their times which American journalists have<br />
exerted and still do exert. Washington is in only<br />
by courtesy, I fancy, as his writing is common-<br />
place, and Lincoln is probably included mainly<br />
for one great speech. The importance of George<br />
William Curtis is a very difficult thing for me to<br />
understand. It is practically certain that when<br />
the volume appears it will give rise to more dis-<br />
cussion about the various landmarks of American<br />
literature than any book of recent times.<br />
Other works somewhat allied to this in interest<br />
will also be brought out shortly. Professor<br />
Moses Coit Tyler is preparing a volume on the<br />
literary history of the American Republic during<br />
the first half century of its independence, to be<br />
published by Putnam. The two volumes on the<br />
literature of the Revolution, also published by<br />
the Putnams, were so valuable in bringing these<br />
fertile fields within the reach of the ordinarv<br />
reader, that this new volume will attract especial<br />
attention. The same author will also publish a<br />
series of works, through the Putnams, called "A<br />
Century of American Statesmen," beginning with<br />
Jefferson and coming down to our day. The<br />
first volume will include chapters on Jefferson,<br />
Hamilton, Burr, John Randolph, Josiah Quiney,<br />
Madison, Monroe, Gallatin, Marshall, and John<br />
Quincy Adams.<br />
Senator Perkins has introduced into Congress<br />
a Bill proposing a change in the copyright law.<br />
by which six copies of every book published in<br />
the United States must be deposited with the<br />
Librarian of Congress iu order to secure copy-<br />
right, instead of the present number of two. One<br />
of these copies is to be given to the public librarian<br />
at Chicago, one at Denver, one at San Francisco,<br />
and one at New Orleans. It is said that this<br />
Bill is backed by the Librarian Association of<br />
Central California, which wishes to get books<br />
nearer home than the Congressional Library, and<br />
so proposes to steal them from the authors or<br />
publishers under forms of law. There is cer-<br />
tainly very little probability that the Bill will<br />
pass.<br />
There has been a good deal of agitation lately<br />
about the effect of the immense sale of books by<br />
the department stores on t he publishing business.<br />
A recent investigator finds that, although it is<br />
easy to get standard works very cheap in almost<br />
any one of these mammoth shops, uew books<br />
are much slower in finding their way to them.<br />
His optimistic conclusion is, that there will be<br />
plenty of business for the regular publishers at<br />
the same time that standard literature is brought<br />
at a cheaper price within reach of the large<br />
reading public. Norman Hapgooo.<br />
THE BIRTHDAY OF THE "ATHEN.EUM."<br />
ON Jan. i, 1828, the first number of the<br />
Atheiueum was published, the first editor,<br />
or proprietor, being Mr. James Silk.<br />
Buckingham. Teii years afterwards the paper<br />
passed into the hands of a member of the family<br />
with which it still remains.<br />
It was reasonable, and to be expected, that the<br />
present conductors of the journal should take the<br />
opportunity of congratulating themselves upon<br />
the long life and honourable record of their paper.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 235 (#673) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
235<br />
It will be acknowledged, I think, that, although<br />
there may have been cases of injustice and incom-<br />
petence, even of personal spite—all of which it<br />
is extremely difficult to keep out of a literary<br />
paper—the Athenseum has deserved well of litera-<br />
ture during the whole of this long period. In<br />
some branches, especially that of poetry, there<br />
has been a very high standard of criticism,<br />
maintained to the present day with no falling off<br />
as to canons and standards, and with increased<br />
generosity and readiness of appreciation. It will<br />
also be acknowledged that the reviews of im-<br />
portant works have generally been confided not<br />
only to scholars of the branch of learning con-<br />
cerned, but also to men of fairness and justice.<br />
"But," to quote from the paper, "what the<br />
Athenseum specially claims to have inherited<br />
without change from the t-aditions of its founders<br />
is that deep sense of the enormous responsi-<br />
bility of anonymous criticism which is seen<br />
in every line contributed by the Maurice and<br />
Sterling group who spoke through its columns.<br />
While in a signed article the things said have the<br />
power of the utterer's voice and none other, in an<br />
unsigned article the speaker is clothed with all<br />
the authority of the journal in which he writes.<br />
Even for those who are behind the scenes, and<br />
know that the critique expresses the opinion of<br />
only one writer, it is difficult not to be impressed<br />
by the accent of authority in the editorial' we.'<br />
But with regard to the general public, the reader<br />
of a review article finds it impossible to escape<br />
from the authority of the 'we,' and the power<br />
of a single writer to benefit or to injure an author<br />
is so great that none but the most deeply conscien-<br />
tious men ought to enter the ranks of the anonymous<br />
reviewers. These were the views of Maurice and<br />
Sterling: and that they are shared by all the best<br />
writers of our time there can be no doubt." Some<br />
very illustrious men have given very emphatic<br />
expression to them. "There is one kind of mis-<br />
creant," said Eossetti, " a miscreant who in kind<br />
of meanness and infamy cannot well be beaten,<br />
the man who in an anonymous journal tells the<br />
world that a poem or picture is bad when he<br />
knows it to be good. That is the man who should<br />
never defile my hand by his touch. By God, if I<br />
met such a man at a dinner-table I must not kick<br />
him, I suppose; but I could not, and would not,<br />
taste bread and salt with him. I would quietly<br />
get up and go." Tennyson, on afterwards being<br />
told this story, said: "And who would not do<br />
the same? Such a man has been guilty of sacri-<br />
lege—sacrilege against art."<br />
When the Athenaeum was founded, the literary<br />
papers were regarded as "the mere bellows of the<br />
great publishing forges," used only to puff their<br />
books. The mere suspicion of such a thing is fatal<br />
VOL. VIII.<br />
to the authority of a literary paper. "Trade<br />
criticism " was the name of this blowing of the<br />
bellows. The Athenseum announced that it would<br />
be " under the influence of no publisher."<br />
Next to " Trade Criticism," the chief abhorrence<br />
of the early writers for the Athenseum was " the<br />
cheap smartness of Jeffrey and certain of his<br />
coadjutors."<br />
"From its commencement the Athenseum has<br />
striven to avoid slashing and smart writing. A<br />
difficult thing to avoid, no doubt, for nothing is<br />
so easy to achieve as that insolent and vulgar<br />
slashing which the half-educated amateur thinks<br />
so clever. Of all forms of writing, the founders<br />
of the Athenseum held the shallow smart style to<br />
be the cheapest and also the most despicable.<br />
And here again the views of the Athenseum have<br />
remainel unchanged."<br />
The Athenaeum rejoices in its early appreciation<br />
of Coleridge, Southey, Wordsworth, Tennyson,<br />
and others,<br />
There are still modern dragons to fight. "Trade<br />
Criticism " is not dead, although scotched. The<br />
"log-roller " is always with us—let us hope that<br />
he may keep out of the Athenaeum. The spiteful<br />
misiepresenter is also with us: and the " smart<br />
slasher." There are also two new dragons,<br />
neither of them to be despised: the critic who<br />
does not read the books he is paid to review, and<br />
the review that has an eye to the advertisements.<br />
This last is, perhaps, the modern form of " Trade<br />
Criticism." Publishers' advertisements ought<br />
not to be considered, because publishers must of<br />
necessity advertise in a literary organ of authority.<br />
The very honesty and fearlessness which some of<br />
them would fain see corrupted and defiled by<br />
dishonest puffs of their wares, make an advertise-<br />
ment in the columns of such a paper absolutely<br />
necessary to every publisher.<br />
Therefore, let us look to the fat layer of<br />
advertisements in each number of the Athenseum<br />
as a sign that its reputation and its authority are<br />
based upon a seventy years' record of honesty and<br />
competence, and fearlessness.<br />
One may take this opportunity of acknowledg-<br />
ing the position of the Athenaeum with regard to<br />
our Society. It was not to be expecteJ that<br />
attacks would not be made upon us by those<br />
persons whose interest it is to keep from writers<br />
the truth about the administration of their<br />
estates. The publication of such attacks we had<br />
no reason to resent, provided there was a fair field<br />
and no favour. There has been a fair field: our<br />
replies have always been inserted, with the result<br />
that the Society has advanced year after year<br />
always the stronger for every attack made upon<br />
it. Perhaps in another seventy years another<br />
cause for congratulation will be that the Athenseum<br />
x<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 236 (#674) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
at the outset gave a fair field and no favour<br />
to men of letters ■when they were struggling<br />
towards independence. For this reason, if for<br />
no other, one reproduces with all good wishes<br />
for the future the words with which the Athenivum<br />
of Jan. i sums up its retrospect:—" We look<br />
back through our career and recall the writers<br />
whose talents have gone to make the journal<br />
what it is—writers like Charles Lamb, Landor,<br />
Thomas Hood, Maurice, Sterling, Carlyle, Leigh<br />
Hunt, Hazlitt, Douglas Jerrold, Mrs. Browning,<br />
Barry Cornwall, Mary Brotherton, Miss Strick-<br />
land, Sydney Dobell, Archbishop Whately, West-<br />
land Marston, Faraday, Sir William Hamilton,<br />
Sir Charles Lyell, and the rest. We remember<br />
the rise and fall of smart journal after smart<br />
journal, whose audacity or whose insolence or<br />
whose fireworks were to illuminate the course and<br />
eclipse all those old-fashioned drivers with the<br />
dull motto of ' honesty and fair play.' We look<br />
back, and we remember these things, and the<br />
future seems full of hope." W. B.<br />
NOTES AND NEWS.<br />
f 11HE best of the attacks by publishers, one of<br />
I which is dealt with in another part of<br />
this issue, is that they do the Society of<br />
Authors so much good. One would wish for one<br />
every week. They generally, besides, lead to side<br />
lights of an unexpected kind. Who, for instance,<br />
would have suspected that publishers are united<br />
together for the purpose of preserving the<br />
honour of the trade't Yet it must be so, for<br />
Mr. Heinemann says so. "We publishers," he<br />
declares, "are anxious—no class more so—to<br />
purge our ranks of black sheep if they exist."<br />
This is very good reading. We had hitherto<br />
been under the impression that publishers had<br />
neither the desire nor the power of "purging"<br />
their ranks of black sheep. Perhaps they have<br />
not the desire because they have not the power.<br />
However, let us see. If a publisher solemnly<br />
assures an author that the figures given in these<br />
pages and in the "Cost of Production" are<br />
wholly wrong and untrustworthy: that he cannot<br />
print on those terms, and that he cannot sell<br />
his books on the terms there presented; if, at the<br />
same time, he is disputing with another writer<br />
who knows whether a book can be produced on<br />
terms actually lower than those figures; if he is<br />
therefore a liar and a " black sheep," and if he was<br />
presented to the Publishers' Association as such,<br />
what would that body do "to purge their ranks<br />
of this black sheep "? They cannot forbid him<br />
to publish: they cannot forbid booksellers to sell<br />
him: they cannot forbid the public to buy him.<br />
Then what can they do Y What purgative medi-<br />
cine will they apply? However, it is pleasant<br />
to learn that there has arisen this new and unex-<br />
pected development in the direction of virtue.<br />
The Academy has made its selection of the<br />
two best books of the year. The judges have<br />
chosen a poet for the first prize. To Mr.<br />
Stephen Phillips has been awarded the first<br />
"crown " of 100 guineas; to Mr. W. E. Henley,<br />
for his *' Burns," has been awarded the second<br />
"crown" of fifty guineas. If Mr. Henley has<br />
ever derided the custom of "crowning " books, it<br />
is hoped that the arrival of this substantial<br />
coronet will change his views. To the younger<br />
man the prize will bring with it a great increase<br />
of popularity, with a corresponding demand for<br />
his works. It will probably lift him out of the<br />
unregarded class of minor poets into the front<br />
rank. There can be no doubt that, if this<br />
"crowning" of writers is continued, the honour<br />
will be derided by some and questioned by some,<br />
but it will be refused by none and it will be<br />
coveted by all. That the practice will produce a<br />
beneficial effect on literature I do not doubt, for<br />
the simple reasons that style and form will be the<br />
first things considered, and that young writers<br />
will have the necessity of attending to style and<br />
form kept constantly before their eyes.<br />
A lady sends me a letter from a daily paper in<br />
which the writer very humorously calls the atten-<br />
tion of a critic in that paper to the fact that Sir<br />
Walter Scott did not, as he stated, write the<br />
lines:—<br />
Thanks, dear sir, for your venison, for finer or fatter,<br />
Never roamed in a foreBt or smoked on a platter.<br />
He says: "They are the opening lines of a<br />
poem, ' The Haunch of Venison,' by a man named<br />
Goldsmith—to be precise, Oliver Goldsmith.<br />
This Goldsmith was a contemporary of a Dr.<br />
Johnson, an eminent lexicographer of the last<br />
century. If your reviewer takes an interest in<br />
English literature, he might do worse than buy a<br />
collected edition of Goldsmith's works."<br />
My correspondent speaks of "ignorant and<br />
incompetent reviewers." Yes; but this funny<br />
mistake does not prove either ignorance or<br />
incompetence. There is no end to the extraordi-<br />
nary mistakes which a journalist may make. I<br />
do not for a moment believe that this writer<br />
really thought that the lines were Scott's, but<br />
that he got confused for the moment. The<br />
mistake is too elementary to betray ignorance.<br />
Of course, it laid the writer open to the neat<br />
little letter from which I have quoted. My<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 237 (#675) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
237<br />
correspondent goes on to say that she has before<br />
her a " notice" in the same paper, so full of mis-<br />
statements that it must have been written by<br />
someone who had not read the book at all. Just<br />
so: it has been pointed out over and over again<br />
that no scale of pay—not the most lavish ever<br />
offered—will make it possible for the writers of<br />
short "notices" to read the books. The writers<br />
are not to blame: it takes the best part of a day<br />
for a book to be read and reviewed; when the<br />
review has to be compressed into a few lines, who<br />
can afford to spend many minutes upon it?<br />
This consideration seems to me perfectly simple<br />
and harmless: it has, however, been violently<br />
assailed. Would it not be possible to give up the<br />
short " notice" altogether, and to give instead a<br />
column "describing" the books—subject, length,<br />
price, illustrations, outline, and statement of its<br />
intentions and aims, and so forth? In the case of<br />
poetry, would it be impossible to give a specimen<br />
to show the author's powers, all this without a<br />
word of praise or blame? Eeviews, on the other<br />
hand, would be given only of books judged of<br />
sufficient importance to deserve one: they<br />
would be written seriously, they would be of<br />
reasonable length, and they would not be<br />
entrusted to friend or enemy of the author. A<br />
long review in a great daily is a prize for the<br />
author; to be considered important is a "crown-<br />
ing" of the book. Some change in this direction<br />
seems necessary unless the reputation of the<br />
reviewer and the influence of the review are to<br />
decay and die altogether.<br />
Mr. Birrell, Q.C., M.P., the Queen's Professor<br />
of Law, University College, will deliver a series<br />
of lectures on Copyright at the Old Hall,<br />
Lincoln's-inn, on Monday and Friday afternoons,<br />
at 4.30, beginning on Friday, Feb. 4, until the<br />
course is completed. These lectures—open to the<br />
public, without payment or ticket—will be very<br />
interesting to members of the Society, as according<br />
to the syllabus, in addition to other important<br />
matters, the present state of public opinion on<br />
copyright will be treated, the Authors' Society,<br />
the commercial value of copyright, and last but<br />
by no means least, the Society's amending Bill<br />
that passed the House of Lords last Session.<br />
A correspondent sends the following correc-<br />
tion: "With regard to the statement in The Author<br />
of Jan , 1898, that'ten or twelve years ago a ten<br />
per cent, royalty was the utmost ever offered,'<br />
I am informed of instances to the contrary<br />
(royalties of one-sixth and sometimes one-fifth<br />
of the published price) in the practice of one<br />
leading house between fifteen and twenty years<br />
ago. But, with the substitution of 'commonly'<br />
for ' ever' I still believe the original statement<br />
to be correct, and in that form it is sufficient for<br />
its purpose." o-c<br />
In order to strengthen the assertion referred to,<br />
in case it should be disputed, I referred the matter<br />
to one who knows better than myself the former<br />
practice as regards royalties. He assures uie that<br />
the statement is practically quite correct. "The<br />
former custom used to be a ten per cent, royalty<br />
with half the profits from American and Conti-<br />
nental editions. But there were certain excep-<br />
tions." Among them he mentioned one or two<br />
writers who were able to extort larger royalties.<br />
Walter Besant.<br />
THE DISCOUNT SYSTEM.<br />
IT was to be expected that the Report of the<br />
Society on the Discount System would be<br />
received with a certain amount of dissatis-<br />
faction, especially from those publishers who<br />
desire to enslave the bookseller, and those book-<br />
sellers who see no hope except in slavery.<br />
Among the letters and papers issued on the<br />
subject, there is one by Mr. Robert MacLehose, of<br />
Glasgow, which is remarkable for its extreme<br />
virulence. He says, among other things :—<br />
"The main ideas underlying the Report are<br />
three: (1.) That a very low place is to be given<br />
to literature generally. (2.) That the novel<br />
must be taken as the standard on which all<br />
calculations are to be based. (3.) That the pub-<br />
lisher is not to be trusted."<br />
The reason for the first idea is difficult to be<br />
gathered from his words. He quotes Mrs. Oliphant<br />
as saying that "Literature is now weighed by the<br />
thousand words, like a packet of tea," and says<br />
that the Society accepts the "gentle irony" in<br />
serious earnest. I wonder what he means, except<br />
that he is certainly muddling things. If literature<br />
is sold there is but. one way of selling it, by the<br />
book. Or, if we regard the author, by the MS.<br />
Does Mr. MacLehose mean that a poem by Swin-<br />
burne would be bought by an editor by the<br />
thousand words? Or does he pretend that the<br />
Society has ever said so? In the sale of papers<br />
and stories to magazines, undoubtedly length<br />
must be considered; whether length is reckoned<br />
by so many sheets or by so many thousand words<br />
makes no difference. The second point is that<br />
the Society has only considered the novel. The<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 238 (#676) ############################################<br />
<br />
238<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
average book considered is the 6s. book simply<br />
because it is a convenient and a common form.<br />
Afterwards he attacks our figures.<br />
The Report said the bookseller makes a profit of<br />
"lod. to a shilling in the sale of a book for<br />
4«. 6d." It is impossible to state his profit<br />
exactly, because there are so many different prices.<br />
This, however, is acknowledged to be very near<br />
the mark.<br />
Mr. MacLehose says we are wrong because we<br />
have not reckoned the working expenses. But we<br />
do not reckon publishers' working expenses when<br />
we say that their profit on a book of the kind<br />
which pays a shilling royalty is eighteenpence<br />
when the sale is large. Nor do we reckon the<br />
author's working expenses.<br />
The next " idea" is that the publisher is not to<br />
be trusted.<br />
Very well. That is most true. The confidence<br />
that should be reposed in a publisher is neither<br />
more nor less than should be reposed in any other<br />
man of business. When property is administered,<br />
as a book, for its creator, the same precautions<br />
must be observed as in any other form of business.<br />
One does not "trust" the man in the street when<br />
he proposes to take your house and to fix his own<br />
rent—if he pays any. We are quite right in<br />
pointing out all the dangers and all the possibili-<br />
ties of over-reaching, or of trickery, or of fraud;<br />
and no honest publisher has any reason to be<br />
offended at the attitude which we recommend in<br />
business of this kind, an attitude which he himself<br />
assumes in every other kind of transaction.<br />
Therefore, of the three " main ideas" advanced by<br />
this gentleman the first two are silly stuff, and the<br />
third is not only a simple precaution, but a simple<br />
necessity. Of course when a writer sits down<br />
with the intention of finding materials to feed his<br />
wrath upon we expect incoherence.<br />
The Bookseller contains half a dozen letters,<br />
chiefly from country booksellers, on the question.<br />
These letters express strong disappointment for<br />
the most part: indignation with some. One<br />
writer says that it was a "gigantic mistake of<br />
the publishers to consult the authors in any way<br />
whatever." In other words, the administrators<br />
of property are not to consult the owners! One<br />
writer, however, Mr. Simms, of Bath (where the<br />
great number of booksellers seems to show a<br />
healthy condition of trade), takes a more sensible<br />
view:—<br />
As regards the Publishers' Association, I believe their<br />
policy (defeated for the present) to be, if not illegal, at least<br />
unwise and doomed to fail ultimately. Of what other busi-<br />
ness besides the bookseller can it be said that the owner of<br />
goods bought and paid for is liable to dictation as to how<br />
he Bhall dispose of them to his customers P It is rumoured<br />
that other means are to be resorted to to bring about the<br />
desired equalisation of discounts. If bo, they will fail, as other<br />
schemes have done, and deservedly so. I don't admit the con-<br />
dition of the country bookseller to be so very desperate. Only<br />
let him face the difficulty and fight it manfully. Leaving alone<br />
the new book trade, which is not worth his notice, let him take<br />
up the "remainder" and second-hand business (books of<br />
the day), the chief reprints which in these days are made bo<br />
attractive, and copy the tactics of his neighbour the draper,<br />
who with his unjust "Wonderful Bargains," "Alarming<br />
Sacrifice," Ac, arrests the attention of passers-by to<br />
"compel them to oome in "—and inasmuoh as the draper<br />
does not scruple to sell books and stationery, so let the<br />
bookseller add to his stock purses and haberdashery, or<br />
anything else (their name is legion) which oomea under the<br />
title of fancy goods. By these means he may hope to leave<br />
off deploring his sad fate, and find life after all to be worth<br />
living.<br />
The Committee advocated a great extension of<br />
the sale or return system. It already prevails<br />
to a certain extent. A bookseller, however, com-<br />
plains that a certain publisher will send on sale or<br />
return seven copies to count as six: but if, say,<br />
only five of them are taken and he returns two,<br />
he is not allowed the odd copy: i.e., he pays as if<br />
he had ordered five separate copies. The follow-<br />
ing seems a practical suggestion.<br />
"Here is a suggestion. Let publishers send out<br />
broadcast to the trade advance copies bound in<br />
brown paper. If these were stocked, they could<br />
get orders for bound copies. The difficulty of<br />
sale or return is the enormous proportion of soiled<br />
copies. I am just closing an account, and we are<br />
bothered by a number out on sale or return, as<br />
to which we cannot get any certain information,<br />
and I can understand that to publishers this is a<br />
difficulty."<br />
The whole system of thirteen as twelve is intro-<br />
duced for the apparent benefit of booksellers, and<br />
is used by some publishers—pray observe the<br />
word some, because the next thing will be for<br />
some interested person to proclaim that all are<br />
charged with the offence—-as a means of grinding<br />
the author. Thus he enters in his agreement<br />
that royalties are to be paid on thirteen as twelve.<br />
This is equivalent to a reduction of 8 per cent, on<br />
the author's returns, of which, perhaps, half goes<br />
into the publisher's pocket, for he does not sell<br />
all, or anything like all, at thirteen as twelve. I<br />
believe that the two agents whom we recommend<br />
to our members are awake to this little trick.<br />
The following extract was quoted in the Daily<br />
Chronicle from the New York Nation. We copy<br />
it with gratitude to both papers for publishing so<br />
fair and sensible a summary of the case:<br />
The real difficulty, from the point of view of a cIobc<br />
corporation, or ironclad agreement, among publishers, is<br />
that there is no law, human or divine, by which they have<br />
the sole right to print and sell books. This truth was set<br />
forth with much force by the committee of the Authors'<br />
Society. Granting the desirability of keeping up the prices<br />
of books, there was no way of compelling a popular author<br />
to do it. If he knew that he oould sell 20,000 copies at<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 239 (#677) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
239<br />
one dollar as against only 5000 at two dollars, he would<br />
have the publishers at his mercy. He could print his<br />
book himself, or get a draper or a department store to do it.<br />
And if it were said that he would be kept out of the<br />
regular ohannels of the trade, the answer would be that<br />
one of the big shops often sell more books in an hour than<br />
a country book store does in a year. It thus appears that<br />
book publishing is, in the nature of the case, not a business<br />
which can be monopolised or made into a trust, even if the<br />
majority of authors were willing to see it done.<br />
ANOTHER SPORTING OFFER.<br />
IN the December number of The Author was<br />
published a proposal called a "Sporting<br />
Offer." This was the offer which was made<br />
the subject, as may be seen in another column, of<br />
many inventions by our amiable and imaginative<br />
well-wisher Mr. Alfred Nutt. There is before us<br />
another offer of precisely the same kind, The<br />
publisher humorously proposes to produce an<br />
edition of 2000 copies at 3s. 6d.: and to give the<br />
author a royalty of is.6d. a copy after 250 are<br />
sold. He is, however, to advance the sum of<br />
£112. The beauty of this arrangement is that,<br />
under the most favourable conditions, viz., the<br />
sale of the whole 2000 copies, the author realises<br />
on the whole transaction the magnificent sum of<br />
e£i 5 or so, while the publisher gets all the rest.<br />
Are there, really, people bound to accept such<br />
a proposal?<br />
When a writer pays the publishers for the pro-<br />
duction of his own work—a thing no one should<br />
do except under very exceptional circumstances—<br />
he makes the publisher simply an agent for its<br />
sale. What should he do then?<br />
(1) He should get an estimate from the pub-<br />
lisher of the full cost of production.<br />
(2) He should get another estimate from a<br />
good printer. The latter to be some check on the<br />
former.<br />
(3) It is best to deliver the book bound and<br />
ready for sale to the publisher. This avoids dis-<br />
putes and suspicions.<br />
(4) The author should then pay the publisher<br />
a royalty cr percentage—say 12 J per cent.—on<br />
the sales.<br />
Now compare the difference between this method<br />
and the one proposed in the agreement before<br />
us.<br />
On the most favourable terms, the sale of 2000<br />
. copies—say 1950—of a 3$. 6tl. book would pro-<br />
duce the sum of about ,£210. We then have:<br />
• Cost of production, say £112, since that sum<br />
was asked for.<br />
Publishers' com. at i2| per cent., £2(1 54-.<br />
Author, £71 i$s. instead of £15.<br />
At the same time it must be remembered that a<br />
VOL. VIII.<br />
MS. which no publisher will accept is very doubt-<br />
ful. Most probably the sales would not amount<br />
to anything like the whole edition of 2000 copies.<br />
PERSONAL.<br />
LADY MURRAY has just purchased (accord-<br />
ing to the Daily Mail) near Autibes, in<br />
the Riviera, a large house which she pro-<br />
poses to convert into a home of rest for authors<br />
and artists, of any nationality, in poor health and<br />
circumstances. The following are the rules :—■<br />
1. That the health of the applicant is such as to make a<br />
winter in a mild climate necessary, or at least advisable.<br />
2. That he is unable to obtain this without such assis-<br />
tance as he will find here.<br />
3. That his medical advisers are able to give a fair hope<br />
that, with the benefit of a winter abroad, he will be ablo to<br />
return to his work.<br />
4. That those admitted pay their journey out and back<br />
and £ 1 a week for board and lodging. Personal washing,<br />
extra fires and lights, and wine, will be charged extra. No<br />
dogs allowed.<br />
Applicants should address Lady Murray, at the<br />
Villa Victoria, Cannes. This year the Home will<br />
be open from Feb. 1 to May 31, and in future<br />
years from Nov. 1 to May 31.<br />
Mr, William Black wrote the following letter<br />
to the Scotsman in reply to Mr. Balfour'.s recent<br />
speech on novel-writing :—<br />
At this pacific season of the year, would you allow a<br />
perfectly obscure person to endeavour to calm the perturbed<br />
spirit of Mr. A. J. Balfour f He appears to be agitated<br />
about the probable future of the novel. At Edinburgh the<br />
other day be spoke of " the obvious difficulty which novelists<br />
now find in getting hold of appropriate subjects for their<br />
art to deal with": and again he said, with doubtful<br />
grammar, " Where, gentlemen, is the novelist to find a new<br />
vein? Every country has been ransacked to obtain theatres<br />
on which their imaginary characters are to show themselves<br />
off," and so forth. Mr. Balfour may reassure himself. So<br />
long as the world holds two men and a maid, or two maids<br />
and a man, the novelist has abundance of material, and<br />
there is no need to search for a "theatre " while we have<br />
around us the imperishable theatre of the sea and the sky<br />
and the hills. If Mr. Balfour cannot master these simple<br />
and elementary propositions, then it would be well for him<br />
to remain altogether outside the domain of literature, and<br />
to busy himself (when not engaged in party politics) with<br />
somo more recondite subject—say, bimetallism.<br />
The Royal Institution has received £'1000 from<br />
Mrs. Louisa C. Tyndall, the widow of the late<br />
Professor Tyndall, "as an expression of his<br />
attachment to the Institution with which he was<br />
so long connected, and of his sympathy with its<br />
objects." The money will be employed for the<br />
promotion of science.<br />
y<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 240 (#678) ############################################<br />
<br />
240<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
A SPORTING OFFER AGREEMENT.<br />
ri^HE following is a comment upon certain<br />
I remarks of ours on an agreement (see The<br />
Author of December, 1897). Another<br />
agreement on similar lines is considered in the<br />
present number (p. 239). The letter appeared in<br />
the Academy, and was followed by certain obvious<br />
remarks from the editor of this paper.<br />
Nobody heeds statements made by The<br />
Author,Q) which are as little likely to mislead<br />
as those, let me say, of La Libre Parole<br />
or the New York Sun. But copied into your<br />
columns under the title of "A Faulty Agree-<br />
ment" they may do some mischief. It is worth<br />
while, therefore, to examine this characteristic<br />
example of The Author s method of dealing with<br />
figures.<br />
In the agreement criticised the publisher asks<br />
the writer to contribute <£no to the cost of pro-<br />
ducing 1500 copies of his work, and the result<br />
arrived at, according to The Author, is that the<br />
publisher makes close upon M100 profit without<br />
risking a penny, whereas the writer in return<br />
for his risk only nets X'65. Now, in the first<br />
place, the cost of production is set down at, "say,<br />
£100," an assumption based upon nothing but<br />
the conviction that the publisher must inevitably<br />
be trying to swindle the author. (2) Let us see if<br />
we can test its validity. As the book produces<br />
3s. 6f/. to the publisher, it must be published at<br />
6s., and may be assumed to be a crown 8vo. of<br />
12 sheets of 32 pages, or 388 pages at least.(3)<br />
The binding of 1500 copies at 5*7. each (a low<br />
figure) works out at £31, paper for the same<br />
number (36 reams of double crown at 155.) at<br />
£27, so that only £42 are left for composing and<br />
machining 388 pages. I will not say this price<br />
is impossible, but it is very low, and it allows<br />
absolutely no margin for corrections (which may<br />
safely be estimated at from £7 to £10), nor for<br />
the printing of prospectuses, circulars, order<br />
forms, &c, nor for the postage of gratis copies,<br />
nor, most remarkable omission of all (and one<br />
which the Academy should surely have spotted),<br />
for advertising. Unless the author differs greatly<br />
from his kind, and the publisher is less squeez-<br />
able than most of his fellows, this last item<br />
may be put down at £20 at least. In other<br />
words, the cost of production assumed, in<br />
order to create a prejudice against the pub-<br />
lisher, to be £100, is almost certainly from<br />
£130 to £140, and may, if author and publisher<br />
believe in advertising, reach any figure up to<br />
£200. So much for tht basis of The Authors<br />
calculation.<br />
(') Then why pay so much attention to them '{<br />
Hardly a month passes without someone declaring<br />
that no one heeds the statements made in The<br />
Author, and then proving most forcibly that he<br />
does heed them verv much.<br />
(■') There is not one word or hint that any<br />
"swindle" was attempted. The agreemeut was<br />
quite open. The author had only to examine<br />
into its meaning, and then to accept or reject. It<br />
is really very unfair on publishers for one of them-<br />
selves to sniff out a swindle with such alacrity.<br />
(3) He lays down a rule, observe. He states<br />
that it is the rule that a certain book must lie at<br />
least 388 pp. in length. There is no such rule.<br />
A great many books of the kind are very much<br />
shorter: the average is very much less, according<br />
to the experience of the Society.<br />
Observe, also, that if this "rule" is proved base-<br />
less, down go the whole of Mr. Nutt's figures.<br />
There is no such rule. There is no such obser-<br />
vance. There is no such custom. The length varies<br />
as in the old-fashioned three-volume novel, whose<br />
length varied from 100,000 words to 300,000 words.<br />
Here are some examples taken from my own<br />
shelves. They are for the most part writers<br />
accepted and popular. I do not buy, as a rule,<br />
novels except by such writers :—<br />
Pages. Sheets.<br />
Rudyard Kipling, "The Light<br />
that Failed". 248 or 15J<br />
Becke, "The First Fleet Family" 271 „ 18A<br />
Barri' A Window in Thrums" 267 „ 14!<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 241 (#679) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
Now for some further developments. The sale of<br />
the entire edition is assumed to bring in .£262 10s.<br />
to the publisher (ieoo copies at 3*. 6d.), so that<br />
nothing is deducted for copyright purposes,<br />
nothing for traveller's and office copies, nothing<br />
for gratis copies to the author, nothing (how<br />
came you, Mr. Editor, to pass over this omission'()<br />
for review copies! According to The Author's<br />
calculation the young writer's work has sold<br />
without being circularised, without being adver-<br />
tised, without being reviewed. Lucky young<br />
writer, and yet he and The Author are not<br />
happy. (4)<br />
We are now in a position to substitute for the<br />
misleading figures given by The Author the<br />
following approximately correct ones :—<br />
Pages. Sheets.<br />
Stanley Waterloo, "A Man and a<br />
Woman" 321 „ 20<br />
Mark Twain, "Prince and<br />
Pauper" 332 „ 20}<br />
Couan Doyle," Brigadier Gerard" 334 „ 21<br />
Besant, "Citv of Refuge" 312 „ iyi<br />
J. O. Hobbes", " Some Gods, &e." 296 „ 185<br />
Rider Haggard, " Nada" 295 „ 18i<br />
„ "Allan Quarter-<br />
main" 278 „ i7i<br />
"Montezuma's<br />
Daughter"... 295 „ i8£<br />
The average length, then, of eleven novels, all by<br />
popular writers, so far from being at least 388<br />
pages, is 295 pages; while the average number of<br />
sheets, so far from being as Mr. Nutt says, 24<br />
sheets of 16 pages, i.e., 12 sheets of 32 pages, is<br />
18^ sheets. It would be quite easy, of course, by<br />
looking about, to find many longer: it would<br />
also be quite easy to find many shorter. The<br />
average, in my own opinion, as well as that of the<br />
secretary, is about 17 or 18 sheets.<br />
For further proof here is a list taken from the<br />
books standing on a club table. There were<br />
thirteen novels of one volume, all appearing to be<br />
6*. books. One of them, "Peter Halkett," only<br />
reaches 264 pages by using very large type.<br />
God's Foundling 316<br />
Peter Halkett..'. 264<br />
Count Antonio 337<br />
Christie Murray's "Tales" 271<br />
Pride of Jennico 346<br />
Martha Washington 283<br />
Miss Balmaine's Past 324<br />
Folly of Pen Harrington 248<br />
A Hard Woman 346<br />
The Tormentor 288<br />
Traits and Confidences 372<br />
David L* all 302<br />
Way of Marriage 308<br />
The average here is 30S pages and 18J sheets.<br />
(*) All this is absolutely without foundation.<br />
Allowance was made for such advertising as<br />
would be spent on such a book, and for review<br />
and other copies.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 242 (#680) ############################################<br />
<br />
242<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
On the sale cf 1500 copies ("') —<br />
£ s.<br />
Cost of production, say 140 o<br />
Royalty to author on 1400<br />
copies (allowing 100 for<br />
gratis copies), at 2*. 6d 17; 10<br />
Profit to publisher 39 10<br />
£ 355 o<br />
By author no<br />
By sale of 1400 (allowing<br />
100 for gratis copies),<br />
at 3.V. 6d 245<br />
355 o<br />
Ex hypothesi the author risks A'no and gets<br />
■£175 10s., or =£65 10s. profit, the publisher risks<br />
^30 and gets ,£39 10*. profit. But if he adver-<br />
tises beyond the figure of ,£20 his risk is increased<br />
pro tauto, and if the advertisement charge rea ches<br />
the figure of ^50, his possible profit is reduced<br />
to a vanishing point. The bargain, assuming<br />
the entire edition to be sold, is a hard one for the<br />
writer, but it is not the iniquitous one denounced<br />
by The Author. Moreover, no mention is made<br />
of the possible failure to sell 100 copies, in which<br />
case tho publisher gets nothing for his risk.<br />
True, the writer is in the same plight, but he has<br />
at the least the satisfaction of seeing his book<br />
published, a satisfaction conceivably worth £\oo<br />
to him, but under no circumstances worth any-<br />
thing to the publisher, unless, indeed, the work<br />
has a scholarly value, and he issue it for the<br />
benefit of science.<br />
I ask you, sir, and readers of the Academy<br />
generally, if it is advisable to give the sanction<br />
of your support to statements which can only be<br />
cleared from the charge of unfair animus by a<br />
plea of gross and ignorant carelessness ? (")<br />
Alfred Nutt.<br />
11.<br />
To my notes, which are the substance of my<br />
reply iu the paper, Mr. Nutt makes a lame<br />
defence. He states :—<br />
'• I do not wish to take up the . tcademy's space<br />
by showing that the other assumptions made by<br />
The Author in order to arrive at its imaginary<br />
balance-sheet are just as reliable as the one I<br />
have examined. One assertion, however, is too<br />
characteristic to be passed over. I pointed out<br />
that The Author made no allowance for review<br />
and presentation copies, and I estimated thern at<br />
100. Sir Walter asserts that only forty would be<br />
used,(r) and that this number would come out of<br />
the ' overs.'(8) I can assure him that the nominal<br />
'overs' do little more than compensate for the<br />
inevitable 'shorts' on a long number. On an<br />
edition of 1500 I should think myself lucky to<br />
(5) All these figures are bowled over by the<br />
simple fact that there is no such " rule " as that<br />
assumed, and that the average is much less than<br />
that advanced for the purpose of destroying the<br />
figures of The Author.<br />
(") There is neither unfair animus nor gross<br />
and ignorant carelessness. The former is cer-<br />
tainly manifest in Mr. Nutt's production. As to<br />
the latter, no—He is not ignorant.<br />
(7) I did not say that " only forty would be used,"<br />
but "I estimate for such a book forty copies."<br />
That is not quite the same thing.<br />
(8) I did not say that "this number would come<br />
out of the ' overs.'" I said that " probably " on<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 243 (#681) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
243<br />
get a clear twelve or fifteen over the nominal<br />
number (on an edition of 500 copies, which I<br />
have just issued, I get one over), and these have<br />
to be reserved against the inevitable chapter of<br />
accidents, returns of damaged copies, &c, the<br />
loss entailed by which would otherwise fall upon<br />
the book."<br />
in.<br />
Again Mr. Nutt comes forward. He now says,<br />
wisely leaving figures alone, "I do not see that I<br />
can say anything fresh. So far from fixing upon<br />
this or that detail, (8) I stated, in the broadest<br />
way, a charge, which Sir Walter Besant makes<br />
absolutely no attempt to meet. Let me restate it<br />
—finally, I hope.(10) A publishing proposal is sub-<br />
mitted to The Author; whether that -proposal be<br />
fair or not obviously depends upon the special<br />
circumstances of the case—extent of the work,<br />
presence or not of illustrations, quality of<br />
paper and binding, amount expended in adver-<br />
tising, &c."<br />
an edition of 1500 there would be enough to<br />
meet the demand. I did so with some knowledge<br />
of " overs."<br />
(") Look back. Why, his letter is all detail.<br />
(10) Very good. This proposition can be met<br />
with the greatest ease. There was no need of<br />
inquiry because it was very well known what<br />
kind of work was offered to the publisher. There<br />
was no need of asking what we knew already.<br />
Mr. Nutt never reads The Author. Just a<br />
copy now and then by accident falls into his<br />
hauds. We congratulate him on having the good<br />
chance of always finding something to make him<br />
fall into an unholy rage. Perhaps, at the same<br />
time, Mr. Thring has been engaged in reading<br />
Mr. Nutt's agreements.<br />
BOOES OP 1897.<br />
rpHE Publishers' Circular has issued its<br />
I usual classified list of books published in<br />
1897. The numbers show an increase of<br />
1010 over those of 1896. We must expect this<br />
increase to go on, because the readers are every<br />
year increasing by leaps and bounds. Every<br />
department shows an increase, except those of<br />
Arts and Sciences, Voyages and Travels, and<br />
Pamphlets. If we consider that a single edition<br />
of 1000 copies represents the average circulation,<br />
then 7,926,000 books have been bought and sold<br />
during the year. If 5.?. be the average price,<br />
this represents a total of £1,981,500 spent on<br />
new books and new editions, without counting<br />
old books, which would, perhaps, come to as<br />
much again. These figures are quite likely to be<br />
wrong, but, some time since, certain publishers<br />
were questioned as to the average book trade, and<br />
some put it down at ,£3,000,000. If, however, a<br />
list were compiled of all the books announced<br />
(not advertised) in the columns of a London<br />
daily, it would not give anything like these<br />
figures. For instance, the novels would include<br />
only those issued by London publishers, which<br />
are, practically, all that need be considered.<br />
These alone would certainly not amount to 1000;<br />
and so with other things.<br />
A more important column is that of the new<br />
editions. They represent not new editions of books<br />
of 1896, but new editions of all the books that<br />
form English literature from the very beginning.<br />
There are probably among them Chaucer, Milton,<br />
Pope, Cowper, Defoe, Scott, Thackeray, Dickens,<br />
Wordsworth, Keats. There are also among<br />
them Barrie, Conan Doyle, Hall Caine, Ian<br />
Maclaren, and many others. The new editions<br />
of the year include probably the whole corpus of<br />
English literature that is thought worth preserv-<br />
ing, except such things as Anglo-Saxon and<br />
Early English Literature, Theology, Philosophy,<br />
History, works of scholarship, and works which<br />
are only wanted and only read by students on<br />
special subjects. Ought " year books and serials<br />
in volumes" to be counted? If so, we ought<br />
surely to include Army Lists and Law Lists, and<br />
the Cambridge Calendar.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 244 (#682) ############################################<br />
<br />
244<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
CORRESPONDENCE.<br />
I.—Paper Covers.<br />
IS there any reason why it pays publishers in<br />
America to issue, at the same time, two<br />
editions of their books—a dollar edition in<br />
cloth, a quarter-dollar one in paper covers—while<br />
English publishers bring out only a single 6s.<br />
edition \ I would put in a plea for paper covers.<br />
There are numbers of persons who do not care to<br />
belong to librarips and cannot afford to lay out<br />
money in expensive books that they may or may<br />
not like; just as there are many who would never<br />
buy one that would not look well on their book-<br />
shelves. It seems a pity all classes should not be<br />
catered for here as in America. X.<br />
II.—The Problem op Publishing.<br />
Ten years ago nothing was more common than<br />
a royalty of 10 per cent., or even 5 per cent.<br />
"Where is now the publisher who dares offer a<br />
royalty of 5 per cent. '<" I quote from the Decem-<br />
ber Author. I believe a 10 per cent, royalty is still<br />
very commonly offered to authors who have made<br />
no particular mark, and many are glad enough to<br />
get it. I refused it for a book I wrote a year and<br />
a half ago, and have since had no offer at all!<br />
My first novel was a success, and several pub-<br />
lishers wrote to me asking to see my second.<br />
This was instantly snapped up It was not a<br />
success, although critical persons declared it<br />
vastly superior to my first. The third has been<br />
going the weary round for eighteen months, and<br />
seems doomed to go on for ever, despite the judg-<br />
ment of several readers (unknown to me person-<br />
ally) who have praised its literary merit!" Not<br />
likely to be popular" is the usual verdict. I<br />
wa3 a year studying my characters and think-<br />
ing over this novel; another year writing it.<br />
Three years and a half have gone by. How<br />
can I stand out for a 15 or 20 per cent, royalty?<br />
Is it not natural that, as I feel convinced this<br />
is the best work I have done—the most care-<br />
ful, thoughtful, and ambitious—I shall be ready<br />
to jump at any chance of getting it published't<br />
Is it surprising that I am inclined to say to<br />
a publisher, "Give me what you can after<br />
expenses are paid; only let my book see the<br />
light"?<br />
What is to be done? I can't make a publisher<br />
share my conviction, and unfortunately it is a fact<br />
that a book may be good and yet not sell. Of<br />
course, I can wait a few more years, but the MS.<br />
is getting very dog-eared, and I paid nearly ,£6<br />
for having it typed.<br />
It has to come out, and I can't afford to<br />
pay for its production. What then p It must<br />
he given awav—if I can find anyone to accept<br />
it1<br />
One of the Unarrived.<br />
III. —The Fate of the "Unknown."<br />
A friend of mine recently proposed to submit a<br />
MS. novel to a London publisher. In the course<br />
of the publisher's reply, he said, " I regret to say<br />
that it would be useless to send it (that is, the<br />
MS.) to me, or, I imagine, to anyone else, to<br />
publish, unless you are prepared to incur the risk<br />
and expense. Novels by 'unknown' writers are<br />
not the sort of books we care to take up as a<br />
commercial speculation."<br />
So the murder is out at last! Hapless authors,<br />
anxious for fame and cash, are deluging the<br />
publishers with manuscripts good and bad, new<br />
and old. The average publisher courteously<br />
permits the anxious author to forward his manu-<br />
script, and, after the lapse of a decent period,<br />
courteously returns it to him again. Here,<br />
however, is one publisher who has the courage of<br />
his convictions, and declnres that if you happeu<br />
to be " unknown " you must remain "unknown"<br />
for .ever, unless your pocket is deep enough to pay<br />
for the production of your own work. O shades<br />
of Dickens and Scott! Other authors, please<br />
copy! ^ Richard Free.<br />
IV. —Proposed Journalists' Union.<br />
Although your organ is primarily intended for<br />
the interests of authors, you have, I believe, before<br />
now generously permitted the bitter cry of the<br />
poor journalist to be heard in its columns. Will<br />
you allow me, then, to appeal to my brothers and<br />
sisters of the trade or profession—or whatever<br />
they like to call it—of journalism, to consider<br />
whether some union may not be formed to compel<br />
(of course, by moral, not legal, pressure) the pro-<br />
prietors of magazines and weekly journals to pay<br />
cash for the literary goods they purchase, or,<br />
failing this, to pay higher terms for credit. If<br />
this became the custom, instead of as now, a favour,<br />
the editor of a magazine would no more keep<br />
a contributor waiting six months or twelve months<br />
for productions he has purchased than he<br />
would his butcher or baker. Of course, I know<br />
very well that objections will be raised: "pro-<br />
prietors naturally want a turnover for their<br />
money;" that "if they cannot purchase goods<br />
upon the present system, they will buy a much<br />
more limited stock, and so indirectly injure the<br />
casual contributor." I do not propose to take up<br />
your space by any reply to such arguments, beyond<br />
saying that if editors, &c, did purchase articles in<br />
smaller quantities, used them within more reason-<br />
able time, and paid for them on acceptance, the<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 245 (#683) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
245<br />
mass of genuine literary bread-winners would be<br />
immeasurably happier and better off. All that<br />
is needed is for each contributor in sending in<br />
his article to stipulate for such a price upon im-<br />
mediate payment, and for a higher price for pay-<br />
ment on publication, with the result, as a rule, of<br />
payment on acceptance.<br />
The Strand Magazine—all honour to it—in-<br />
variably pays upon acceptance if requested, yet<br />
such journals as are considered beyond reproach<br />
in their treatment of contributors decline to<br />
make any payment till publication, which may<br />
mean waiting a year, perhaps two years, for one's<br />
money. Still in Grub Street.<br />
V.—Editor and Contributor.<br />
1.<br />
1 have just had an experience with an editor<br />
which might be of use to other beginners, if you<br />
thought it worth mentioning in The Autlwr.<br />
I sent a MS. to him in Jan. 1896. A year<br />
later I wrote inquiring for it, as I had heard<br />
nothing from him. He replied that the MS. was<br />
accepted, and would be published and paid for<br />
in due course. I wrote again this January,<br />
asking when it would be published. The MS.<br />
was then returned, with a letter to say that the<br />
old editor had gone abroad, and the new editor<br />
apologised for the delay in returning it. I had,<br />
in my letter to him, mentioned the date on which<br />
it was accepted. I then wrote to Mr. Thring,<br />
and he replied that the new editor had no right<br />
to return an accepted MS. unpaid, but unless an<br />
Inland Revenue stamp was attached to the form<br />
of acceptance within a fortnight after receiving<br />
it I should be heavily fined.<br />
I have had MSS. accepted by many magazines,<br />
but have never yet had the form of acceptance<br />
stamped, and do not quite understand about it.<br />
Should the form be returned to the editor for its<br />
stamp?<br />
I might add that I am not pursuing this case,<br />
as the sum due to me would probably not cover<br />
the fine. A. I.<br />
11.<br />
A propos of the letters which have recently<br />
appeared in The Author on the subject of<br />
"Young Authors' Grievances," the following<br />
may serve to show to what extent young and<br />
unknown writers are often subjected to incon-<br />
venience and annoyance by the loss and delay of<br />
their MSS., and I regret to say that editors of<br />
prominent and well-known periodicals are invari-<br />
ably the worst offenders.<br />
Exactly sixteen months ago, I sent a MS. to<br />
the editor of a well-known magazine (having pre-<br />
viously obtained his consent to do so, I may<br />
mention), and in a few days I received a letter<br />
informing me that the article had been accepted.<br />
Very patiently I waited, almost daily expecting to<br />
receive the proofs, but when three months went<br />
by, and these had failed to put in an appearance,<br />
I wrote to the editor.<br />
He replied that the article was accepted<br />
and due notice of publication would be given me.<br />
Several weeks went by, and I heard nothing<br />
farther, and wrote again, but received no reply.<br />
At length T wrote again, but, to insure a reply,<br />
I inclosed a stamped addressed envelope. This<br />
had the desired effect. The editor replied:<br />
"If a contributor does not receive his MS. back<br />
within a week he may conclude his article has<br />
been accepted."<br />
Then he went on to state that he could not give<br />
exact date my effusion would appear, but "it<br />
should be put forward."<br />
This was in the early part of '97, and from that<br />
time to this I have heard nothing more concerning<br />
my unfortunate contribution.<br />
In conclusion, I might add that I lost no less<br />
than four MSS. in twelve months.<br />
The first, a story of 3000 words, was sent to a<br />
certain weekly (now defunct) and never returned.<br />
The second, a story of 4000 words, was submitted<br />
(by request) to the editor of a certain Christian<br />
paper, and has never appeared in print or been<br />
returned to me. The third, specially written for<br />
a well-known weekly, met with a similar fate;<br />
and the last, a story of 8000 words, written by<br />
request of the editor for the '96 Christmas<br />
number of a prominent weekly, reached the<br />
editorial offices quite safely, but has not since<br />
been seen or heard of. And I cannot do anything<br />
to recoup myself for the loss I have sustained, for<br />
the simple reason that I am one of a vast multi-<br />
tude of struggling writers who cannot afford to<br />
offend those who sometimes "give us a show."<br />
F. J. M.<br />
VI.—Diseases in Fiction.<br />
With reference to the letter in the July number<br />
on "The Mockery of Realism," has not H. K.,<br />
as well as Dr. Conan Doyle, been more severe on<br />
novelists than they deserve? At least, I would<br />
contend that the convention as to diseases applies<br />
only to heroes and heroines; minor characters, so<br />
fur as I can see, being left perfectly free to have<br />
any ailment, above or below the diaphragm, that<br />
Fate, in the form of a realistic novel-writer,<br />
chooses to send them. Then even for the more<br />
romantic personages, the list is a little longer than<br />
H. K. makes it. Think of cholera, for instance,<br />
a disease which kills off subordinate characters<br />
without mercy and sometimes brings a tragical<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 246 (#684) ############################################<br />
<br />
246<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
end upon the hero. Frank Headley in "Two<br />
Years Ago" describes its first attack: "Can you<br />
conceive a sword put in on one side of the waist,<br />
just above the hip-bone, and drawn through,<br />
handle and all, till it passes out at the opposite<br />
point?" And with cholera you may kill anyone<br />
but the heroine. I don't think it is allowable to<br />
dismiss her in that way, unless in a very short<br />
story, such as Rudyard Kipling's "Without<br />
Benefit of Clergy."<br />
Spinal diseases are frequently useful. Poor<br />
wicked Adelaide in "Ravenshoe" breaks her<br />
back, and the same accident has happened, with<br />
more or less of lingering agony afterwards, to<br />
many of my acquaintances in fiction. The heroic<br />
parson in "It is Never too Late to Mend"<br />
suffers from jaundice; and Maisie, in "The Light<br />
that Failed," according to Dick Heldar's account,<br />
was "a bilious little body." Gastric fevers,<br />
typhoid fevers, and typhus itself, all with the seat<br />
of illness below the belt, are by no means denied<br />
to novelists. Argemone, in another of Charles<br />
Kingsley's novels, died very realistically, of<br />
typhus. Miss Haleombe had typhus fever at a<br />
very critical moment; and Robert Blackmore<br />
gives an interesting account of a typhoid illness<br />
treated successfully by the heroine with yeast.<br />
You will observe generally, however, that it is<br />
only when these are epidemic that they become<br />
dignified illnesses. If introduced in any arbitrary<br />
way, apart from the impressiveness of a wide-<br />
spread pestilence, you must make it very clear<br />
that it was through some self-denying action or<br />
other that your hero or heroine fell a victim.<br />
It would be interesting to know how much<br />
truth there is in Miss Nightingale's dictum, that<br />
persons dying of hurts above the diaphragm are<br />
inclined to be bright, cheerful, and religious,<br />
while those hurt below have a tendency to despon-<br />
dency and gloom. This might suggest a very<br />
reasonable explanation of the novelist's preference.<br />
If one wishes a heroine to be saintly, or a hero<br />
strong-souled, it is manifestly wiser not to handi-<br />
cap them by giving an illness that would operate<br />
in the wrong way. How much better to visit<br />
them only with the lung affections and heart<br />
troubles, keeping gout and liver diseases for<br />
those unimportant elderly folk whose fractious-<br />
ness will not hurt the pathos of the story.<br />
Again, should one not consider, even for<br />
Realism's sake, that diseases of the lumbar<br />
regions do not as a rule attack persons in early<br />
life, that is, until the hero and heroine days are<br />
over?<br />
Imagine any heroic young man or charming<br />
young woman of our acquaintance being un-<br />
fortunate in love matters, and thereupon develop-<br />
ing gout, or cancer, or dropsy! Whereas a young<br />
woman neglecting her health and pining in a love<br />
disappointment, in real life, is extremely likely<br />
to fall more or less into a consumptive state.<br />
And fretting, brooding, overstrain of all the<br />
emotional faculties, has a real tendency to pro-<br />
duce an actual heart trouble.<br />
The romantic school has a very fair founda-<br />
tion of fact to go upon. Speaking as a<br />
constant and warmly grateful friend of novelists<br />
since the age of seven, may I take the side of the<br />
"third class passenger " and the multitude "who<br />
only ask to be amused "? We don't require that<br />
our heroes and heroines should l>e invulnerable;<br />
we can even stand a great deal of blood-shedding<br />
at times. If they get soaked in a boat-upset, or<br />
lose their way in a storm, we are quite prepared to<br />
hear of rheumatic fever. If they visit infectious<br />
fases, from the best of motives, they do it at<br />
their own risk and must take the consequences.<br />
Then, with scarlet fever, brain fever, heart<br />
disease, spinal troubles, bronchitis, pleurisy,<br />
inflammation and congestion of the lungs, besides<br />
every manner of violent accident to choose from,<br />
surely the most medically and siu-gieally-minded<br />
of romancers should be satisfied.<br />
I do not say, like Marianne Dashwood, that a<br />
man is absolutely disqualified for a lover if he<br />
has felt a twinge of rheumatism and wears a<br />
flannel waistcoat, but why should H. K. wish to<br />
see every hero only in the guise in which dear<br />
Alan Breck presented himself to the good wife,<br />
"A fine, canty, friendly, cracky man, that suffered<br />
with the stomach, poor body!" M. C. V.<br />
New Zealand, Aug. 17.<br />
VII.—The Letter "E."<br />
The letter "e" seems to be in a condition of<br />
unrest at he present time. As we have no<br />
Academy to settle our orthography for us, it would<br />
be interesting to know who does settle the fashion<br />
of our spelling; and one would like to suggest to<br />
these unknown powers that it would be only con-<br />
siderate if they would advertise the changes they<br />
introduce in some conspicuous place, the first<br />
column of the Times for instance. As things<br />
are, one may wake up some morning and find<br />
that what was right the day before is now frowned<br />
upon by examiners, and vice vcrsd. Now, this is<br />
hard upon those who still have to face exams.,<br />
unless due notice be given of the changes inaugu-<br />
rated by the powers who arrange these matters.<br />
For example, a few years ago, only a few, it<br />
would have been the worse for the examinee who<br />
ventured to spell "forego'- without the "e ";<br />
though he would have been as much in the right<br />
as he is to-day, when he would be held guilty if<br />
he put it in!<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 247 (#685) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
247<br />
The letter " e" is being gradually eliminated<br />
from words in which it is either superfluous or<br />
incorrect, and, of course, "forgo" has no more<br />
right than "forget" to an "e" in the first<br />
syllable ; Dr. Pusey, we believe, clung to the last<br />
to the middle "e" in "judgment" ; but there is<br />
not much beyond old association to be alleged in<br />
its favour here.<br />
If, however, "e" is being ousted from some<br />
words, it is in turn superseding "a " in others;<br />
though upon what grounds it is hard to see.<br />
Thus fashion, or some other power, appears to<br />
have decided that we shall henceforth write<br />
"ascendent," "dependent," "descendent," &c,<br />
no matter whether employed as substantives or<br />
adjectives.<br />
Is this a change for the better, or does it not<br />
rather savour of literary atavism?<br />
Surely these, and similar words, come to us<br />
immediately from our Norman ancestors, who<br />
had adopted them from the Latin. It was they<br />
who substituted the " a" for the " e," as we have<br />
substituted the "a" in the word "liar," and for<br />
a similar and sufficient reason — to prevent<br />
ambiguity.<br />
The Trench have, of course, both dependent<br />
and dependant—the third person plural, aud the<br />
present participle; and, as we use the latter as an<br />
adjective, it seems a mistake to ignore the source<br />
whence we have taken it.<br />
Can it be that we desire to forget the Norman<br />
Conquest, and remember only the Roman?<br />
And, more important inquiry still, is fashion<br />
presently going to require us to write "be-<br />
havior," "favor," &v.? Absit omen. The very<br />
look of them sets one's teeth on edge. S. G.<br />
VIII.—Questions and Answers.<br />
Ioh will verscbmery.cn diesen schlag, das weiss ich:<br />
Uenn was vemchmerze nicbt der Mensch r<br />
I have long wanted to know where the above<br />
lines come from, and how they came to be<br />
written. Could any correspondent of The Author<br />
kindly tell me through its pages? I have a<br />
faint idea that Goethe wrote them after the<br />
appearance of some unfavourable review of one<br />
of his early poems. Is there anv foundation for<br />
this?<br />
References of some kind or another are so<br />
often J wanted that perhaps The Author might<br />
somejday, with advantage to its readers, start a<br />
column of " Questions and Answers."<br />
Querist.<br />
BOOK TALK.<br />
DR. ALEXANDER B. GROSAKT, the<br />
author of the volume on Robert Fergus-<br />
son in the "Famous Scots" series (Oli-<br />
phant, Anderson, and Ferrier) is engaged, with<br />
the assistance of a staff of contributors, upon a<br />
complete history of Scottish literature from its<br />
earliest period.<br />
The literary partnership between the late<br />
Alphonse Daudet and Mr. R. H. Sherard (says<br />
the Academy) yielded a story which is shortly to<br />
be published in Mr. Sherard's English transla-<br />
tion. The original plan was for Daudet to<br />
dictate, and for Mr. Sherard subsequently to<br />
elaborate. But the dictated matter was so good<br />
and self-sufficient that Mr. Sherard wisely left it<br />
as it stood. The story will be called " My First<br />
Voyage: My First Lie." It is a reminiscence of<br />
the author's boyhood.<br />
A book by Mr. H. Z. Darrah, on " Sport in the<br />
Highlands of Kashmir," is about to be published<br />
by the firm of Rowland Ward, Ltd.<br />
Dr. Sven Hedin, the Swedish explorer, is<br />
writing the narrative of his travels and adventures<br />
in Central Asia. Messrs. Methuen and Co. will<br />
publish the book in October.<br />
Mr. Trevor Battye's new book, " A Northern<br />
Highway," will be out shortly (A. Constable ami<br />
Co.). It is dedicated to the Emperor of Russia.<br />
One of the events of the past month has been<br />
the publication of an English translation of<br />
"II Trionfo della Morte" (" The Triumph of<br />
Death "), by Gabriele d'Annunzio, the Italian<br />
poet and novelist. The author expressed to a<br />
Paris correspondent lately his belief in his<br />
mission for "the propagation of joy" in the<br />
world, but in reviewing the work the Daily<br />
Chronicle remarks that he takes a queer way of<br />
setting about this.<br />
Mr. Henley's now famous essay on Burns, in<br />
the Centenary edition, has been reprinted at 1*.<br />
by Messrs. Jack, of Edinburgh. The book would<br />
have looked better had the pagination for it been<br />
done specially, instead of being merely transferred<br />
from the larger volume.<br />
Dr. Andrew Clark is editing for the delegates<br />
of the Clarendon Press the "Brief Lives, chiefly<br />
of Contemporaries, set down by John Aubrey<br />
between the years 1669 and 1696." There are 400<br />
of these Lives, and they will be published now for<br />
the first time in their entirety.<br />
Mr. William Bayne has written a volume on<br />
James Thomson, the author of " Rule Britannia,"<br />
for the "Famous Scots" series.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 248 (#686) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
Mr. Michael Davitt is writing a book about<br />
his recent visit to Australia (Methueu and Co.).<br />
Professor Knapp is bringing to a completion<br />
his minute labour of several years upon a<br />
biography of George Borrow. The book will be<br />
published by Mr. Murray.<br />
Mr. Sidney Jeffrey has written the life of Dr.<br />
J. E. Taylor, the naturalist, who was curator of<br />
Ipswich museum and editor of Science Gossip.<br />
Messrs. Chatto and Windus are the publishers.<br />
Mr. Kinloeh Cooke is writing a memoir of the<br />
late Duchess of Teck.<br />
A full biography of the late Mr. Henry George<br />
is being written by his son, who is also getting<br />
out. "The Science of Political Economy," the<br />
work left by the reformer at his death.<br />
Mr. John Charles Tarver, author of "Some<br />
Observations of a Foster Parent," has written a<br />
series of essays on secondary education, which will<br />
l>e published bv Messrs. Constable under the title<br />
of " The Debatable Land."<br />
The author of the biography of the Prince of<br />
Wales, which appeared anonymously during<br />
the past month, is Miss Marie Belloc (Mrs.<br />
Lowndes).<br />
Mr. Conan Doyle's novel, "The Tragedy of<br />
the Koroski," which has been revised since its<br />
appearance in the Strand Magazine, will lie pub-<br />
lished to-day, and Mr. Stanley Weyman's latest<br />
novel—" Shrewsbury "—on the 4th inst.<br />
Mr. W. S. Maugham, the author of " Liza of<br />
Lambeth," has written a second novel, dealing<br />
with a revolution in an Italian town of the<br />
fifteenth century.<br />
Miss Rosaline Masson, daughter of Professor<br />
Masson, is the author of a volume entitled " A<br />
Departure from Tradition, and other Stories,"<br />
which Messrs. Bliss, Sands, and Co. are about to<br />
publish.<br />
A new story by Miss Mary Angela Dickens<br />
will shortly come from Messrs. Hutchinson, under<br />
the style " Against the Tide."<br />
Mrs. Cou'son Kernahan has written a story of<br />
medical life entitled "Trewinnot of Guy's,"<br />
which will be published by Mr. John Long.<br />
It is reported from Northampton that Sarah<br />
Grand's "The Beth Book" has been refused a<br />
place in the free library there. The chairman of<br />
the committee admitted that he had not read a<br />
line of the book he objected to.<br />
A novel by Miss Norma Lorimer, entitled<br />
"Josiah's Wife," will be published shortly by<br />
Messrs. Methuen.<br />
Messrs. Bliss, Sands, and Co., will publish<br />
immediately Mr. Pereival Pickering's new novel.<br />
"The Spirit is Willing "; a volume of sporting<br />
reminiscences of Arthur M. Binstead and Ernest<br />
Wells, edited by the former; and a book of<br />
"Tales of the Klondyke" by Mr. T. Mullett Ellis.<br />
Mr. Kipling's new volume of short stories will<br />
not appear until the autumn. The author ha<<br />
gone to South Africa for a holiday. He has<br />
written a long novel called "The Burning of the<br />
Sarah Sands."<br />
Mr. David Christie Murray is about to publish<br />
through Messrs. Chatto and Windus a new story<br />
entitled "A Race for Millions."<br />
Mr. Owen Rhoscomyl's new story, to be pub-<br />
lished by Messrs. Pearson, is of the Elizabethan<br />
period, and entitled "The Veiled Man."<br />
Mr. E, W. Hornung has written "Young<br />
Blood," for early publication by Messrs. Cassell.<br />
Another story to apj>ear early from the same<br />
house is Mr. E. S. Ellis's " A Strange Craft and<br />
Its Wonderful Voyage."<br />
Miss Annie Thomas has written a story called<br />
"Dick Rivers," which will be published by<br />
Messrs. P. V. White and Co. This firm also<br />
have nearly ready " For Liberty," by Mr. Hume<br />
Nisbet, and "the Induna's'Wife," by Mr.<br />
Bertram Mitford.<br />
Mrs. Gertrude Atherton's new novel on Anglo-<br />
American marriages is to be published by<br />
Messrs. Service and Patou.<br />
Miss Braddon's new story, " Rough Justice,"<br />
will be issued in a few days by Messrs. Simpkin,<br />
Marshall, and Co.<br />
A volume of devotional verse by Mr. Lawrence<br />
Housman will be published shortly by Mr. Grant<br />
Richards, the title being "Spikenard: a Book<br />
of Devotional Love Poems."<br />
The Poet Laureate (says the Globe) who is<br />
spending the winter near Florence, is working<br />
upon a new book, "a Tuscan sequel" to his<br />
charming " Garden That I Love."<br />
A full-sized volume of verse by Mr. Henry<br />
Newbolt is promised for the autumn, to be pub-<br />
lished here by Mr. Elkin Mathews, and in<br />
America by Mr. John Lane. Mr, Newbolt s<br />
"Admirals All," which will be included in<br />
the forthcoming book, lias gone into an eighth<br />
edition.<br />
The first number of the Outlook, a new three-<br />
penny weekly review of political, social, and<br />
literary life, which is to be edited by Mr. Percy<br />
Hurd and contributed to by many well-known<br />
writers, is due on the 5th inst.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 249 (#687) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
249<br />
An American paper quotes the following un-<br />
published verses by Whittier, from the album of<br />
Mr. C. F. Adams, the author of " Leedle Yawcob<br />
Strauss," and other Anglo-German poems :—<br />
"As on wave-washed sand or the window's frost<br />
I write, and the reoord will soon be lost;<br />
And the Spider, Forgetfulness, weave and wind<br />
The paper parcels I leave behind;<br />
Yet I sometimes think, though spiders spin,<br />
And frost will melt, and the waves wash in.<br />
That the thousand albnms whieh hold my rhyme<br />
Will baffle even the teeth of time;<br />
And that, snngly lodged in some maiden's chamber<br />
Or grandame's trunk like a fly in amber,<br />
Will evermore somewhere be found in city or<br />
Country the name of John G. Whittier.''<br />
Mr. W. P. Ryan deals in a forthcoming work<br />
with nearly all the prominent authors and schools<br />
of the day, and with such subjects in satire as<br />
"The Great Young Man, and the New Style of<br />
Literary History," "The New Doom of Nar-<br />
cissus," and "The Devil and a Modern Knight-<br />
Errant." The book will be published by Mr.<br />
Leonard Smithers, and will be called " Literary<br />
London: Its Lights and Comedies."<br />
Mr. Pinero's recent play, "The Princess and the<br />
Butterfly," will be issued shortly in the series Mr.<br />
Heinemann publishes.<br />
Messrs. W. Thacker and Co. have taken over a<br />
number of publications from Messrs. Neville<br />
Beeman, Limited, who are giving up business as<br />
publishers.<br />
Mr. W. Hall White (otherwise " Mark Ruther-<br />
ford") who edited the recently published<br />
"Description of the Wordsworth and Coleridge<br />
MSS. in the possession of Mr. T. Norton Long-<br />
man," has written "An Examination of the<br />
Charge of Apostacy against Wordsworth," which<br />
will be published immediately by Messrs. Long-<br />
mans, Green, and Co.<br />
Mr. Vernon Blackburn, musical critic of the<br />
Pall Mall Gazette, has written "The Fringe of<br />
an Art: Appreciation in Music," which will be<br />
published by the Unicorn Press on the 15th inst.<br />
There will be portraits of Mozart, Berlioz, Gounod,<br />
and Tschaikovsky.<br />
Lord Archibald Campbell has written " High-<br />
land Dress and Ornament," a volume which<br />
Messrs. Constable will have ready immediately.<br />
The following are among other works to issue<br />
from this house:—" The Kingdom of the Yellow<br />
Robe," by Mr. E. Young; "Book of Travels and<br />
Life in Ashantee," by Mr. R. A. Freeman, illus-<br />
trated by the author's drawings; an account of<br />
"Andre'e's Balloon Expedition," by two members<br />
of the expedition to Spitzbergen in 1896; and<br />
"Two Native Narratives of the Mutiny in Delhi,"<br />
translated from the originals by the late Mr.<br />
Charles T. Metcalfe, C.S.I.<br />
Mr. Hardy has collected a number of his short<br />
stories, which will be published shortly in a<br />
volume. "C. K. S.," in the Illustrated London<br />
News, states that Mr. Hardy is engaged on<br />
another long novel, which will not be on the lines<br />
of "Jude the Obscure" and "The Well-Beloved."<br />
Mr. Edward A. FitzGerald has arranged with<br />
Messrs. Methuen and Co. for the publication of<br />
the record of his explorations in South America.<br />
The author returned to England a few weeks ago,<br />
after an absence of fourteen months. His expedi-<br />
tion succeeded in climbing Mount Aconcagua<br />
(23,000 feet), the highest ascent ever made,<br />
lx'sides lesser peaks. Memliers of the party<br />
suffered a great deal of hardship. The book will<br />
be enriched with many unique photographs, and<br />
■will contain records of the flora and fauna of<br />
Argentina. The publishers expect to have it<br />
ready early in the autumn.<br />
The Idler has become the property of Messrs.<br />
J. M. Dent and Co., publishers.<br />
The Ruskin Society of Birmingham has begun<br />
the issue of a quarterly magazine, called Saint<br />
Georyc. Mr. Elliot Stock is the London pub-<br />
lisher.<br />
Our contemporary, Nature Notes, goes straight<br />
to Wordsworth and Shelley for a case against the<br />
eating of larks, thus:<br />
Can it be imagined that Wordsworth, after finishing his<br />
ode with<br />
"Type of the wise who soar, but never roam;<br />
True to the kindred points of heaven and home"<br />
could sit down to a dish of larks. Or Shelley? Would the<br />
author of<br />
"Teaoh me half the gladness<br />
That my brain must know,<br />
Such harmonious madness<br />
From my lips would flow.<br />
The world should listen then, as I am<br />
listening now!"<br />
call for lark pudding? There is no more reason for poets<br />
to be squeamish about their victuals than other folk of<br />
refinement. Oysters, beefsteaks, geese, and so on, are quite<br />
fitting as bardic nourishment, at any rate until honoy-dew<br />
and the milk of Paradise be brought to market; but if<br />
Wordsworth or Shelley ate larks, faith receives a Bhock<br />
indeed.<br />
We observe that the Shakespearean (6d.<br />
monthly), which is just beginning a new volume,<br />
is now published by the Roxburghe Press.<br />
Miss M. Dormer Harris has now in the press<br />
a book dealing with municipal history. The<br />
title of the volume, which forms one of the<br />
"Social England" series published by Messrs.<br />
Swan Sonnenscheiu, and Co., is " Life in an Old<br />
English Town: The Story of Mediaeval Coventry."<br />
The city in question is very rich in MS. records,<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 250 (#688) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
particularly in those belonging to the fifteenth<br />
century, and the volume contains much that has<br />
lieen hitherto unpublished.<br />
Messrs Bliss, Sands, and Co. will shortly pub-<br />
lish a new novel by A. B. Louis, entitled " A<br />
Branch of Laurel." The plot is founded on<br />
events occurring in the reign of Louis XIII.<br />
Messrs. W. Blackwood and Sons are to publish<br />
immediately a book on " Millais and his Works,"<br />
by Mr. M. H. Spielmann, the editor of the<br />
Magazine of Art. In addition to a chapter on<br />
Sir J. E. Millais' life and an appreciation of his<br />
art, Mr. Spielmann has written a picture-by-<br />
picture comment of the works of the late<br />
president, now being exhibited at the Royal<br />
Academy, as well as on the numerous pictures<br />
l>y the artist not included in that collection; and<br />
there will be a chronological list of Sir J. E.<br />
Millais' oil pictures of which trace can be found.<br />
Permission has also been granted to include in<br />
this volume the important article, reproducing Sir<br />
John Millais' opinions on art, written hy the late<br />
president for the Magazine of Art, and not<br />
hitherto republished. A list will t>e added of those<br />
pictures which have been engraved. The book<br />
will be fully illustrated from many of the late<br />
j (resident's most interesting and important<br />
pictures.<br />
Her Majesty the Queen has been graciously<br />
pleased to accept a copy of "The Pink Tulip,"<br />
by Caroline Stanley.<br />
Mr. Bernard Wentworth, author of "The<br />
Master of Hullingham Manor," is engaged upon<br />
a new novel, to be published serially next year,<br />
entitled " Anne Pentargen; or, the Spirit of the<br />
Tor," a tale of the Cornish moors. Mr. Went-<br />
worth had a short story, entitled " Allerton Farm,"<br />
in the Christmas number of the Cornish and<br />
Devon Post.<br />
Mr. Bloundelle-Burton's romance " Across the<br />
Salt Seas," which ran last year in the Nary and<br />
Army Illustrated, will appear in volume form in<br />
the spring, Methuen and Co. being the London<br />
publishers, and Stowe and Co., of Chicago, the<br />
American ones. At the same time Mr. Bloun-<br />
delle-Burton will commence a new historical novel<br />
in a London paper, to be followed by another in<br />
the autumn, while he has also engaged to furnish<br />
two modern novels of adventure to other papers<br />
during the year 1899.<br />
Raymond Jacberus, author of "Common<br />
Chords," has written for the Sunday Heading<br />
for the Young Magazine (Wells Gardner, &c),<br />
lieginning with the January number, a story<br />
e ititled " Ups and Downs." Also, for Sunshine<br />
Magazine, beginning with the January number,<br />
a school story entitled "The Odd Number."<br />
"Common Chords" is now in its second<br />
edition.<br />
Messrs. Harper and Bros, are publishing " The<br />
Story of Hawaii " for J. A. Owen—Mrs. Visger.<br />
As Mrs. Owen Visger lived for some years in the<br />
Hawaiian Islands, and has kept up a close<br />
correspondence with relatives living in Honolulu<br />
ever since, she is well informed as to that<br />
little republic and its people. Some years<br />
ago she published a book on child life in<br />
Hawaii called " Our Honolulu Boys," but it has<br />
long been out of print. Her new book will be<br />
illustrated.<br />
Mr. Henry Charles Moore, author of "The<br />
Dacoit's Treasure," is writing a historical novel,<br />
having for its central figure Alompra, the warrior<br />
king of Burma, and founder of the late Burmese<br />
dvnasty. Alompra is frequently mentioned in<br />
""The Dacoit's Treasure."<br />
The fifth edition, revised throughout and<br />
slightly enlarged, of Mr. Rice Holmes's " History<br />
of the Indian Mutiny," the appearance of which<br />
has been delayed by the recent strike in Edin-<br />
burgh, will be issued immediately by Messrs.<br />
Macmillan and Co., who have taken over the<br />
publication of the work. The type has been<br />
re-set, and new maps and plans have been<br />
prepared.<br />
A district fresh to English holiday makers, and<br />
reached as easily as the Ardennes, will be opened<br />
up in "New Walks by the Rhine," by Percy<br />
Lindley, whose "Walks in the Ardennes " and<br />
"Walks in Holland " did so much to popularise<br />
new Belgian and Dutch touring grounds. Starting<br />
from the Rhine mouth at the Hook of Holland,<br />
"New Walks by the Rhine" will cover the<br />
picturesque wooded and rocky side valleys of<br />
Rhineland, from the Ahrthal, near Cologne, to<br />
the Neckarthal and the "Blue Alsatian Moun-<br />
tains" of the Vosges; and will include the<br />
districts of the Tauuus, Eifel, Odenwald, Huns-<br />
ruck, and the Palatinate. Living is said to be<br />
as inexpensive in some of these districts as in the<br />
Ardennes. Mr. J. F. Weedon will sujjply the<br />
illustrations.<br />
The fourth—new and popular—edition of " The<br />
Care of the Sick at Home and in the Hospital: A<br />
Handbook for Families and for Nurses," by the<br />
late celebrated surgeon-physician, Dr. Th. Bill-<br />
roth, is in the press, and will shortly be ready<br />
for issue. The translation by J. Bentall Endean<br />
was specially authorised by Dr. Billroth, and the<br />
new edition has been revised and enlarged. It<br />
will be published by Messrs. Sampson Low,<br />
Marston, and Co.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 251 (#689) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
25i<br />
OBITUARY-<br />
THE Rev. C. L. Dodgson, better known iu<br />
literature as "Lewis Carroll," died at<br />
Guildford 011 the 14th ult., aged sixty-five.<br />
Graduating at Christ Church, Oxford, in 1854,<br />
he was appointed in the following year Mathe-<br />
matical Lecturer to the College, which post he<br />
occupied up to 1881. He held a Senior Student-<br />
ship since 1858 to the end of his life, and took<br />
orders in 1861. Mr. Dodgson was ambitious of a<br />
reputation in mathematical works, of which he<br />
published several in the early sixties, and subse-<br />
quently, "Symbolic Logic" appearing in 1896. In<br />
1865 the most popular work of "Lewis Carroll,"<br />
"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland," one of the<br />
best known of books for the young, was published,<br />
with forty illustrations by Tenniel. It has been<br />
translated into German and French. Equally a<br />
favourite was the sequel, "Through the Looking-<br />
Glass, and What Alice Found There" (1871).<br />
Among later works of a similar character were<br />
"The Hunting of the Snark" (1876), which was<br />
republished in the volume, " Rhvme and Reason"<br />
(1883); "Sylvie and Bruno"" (1889), and its<br />
"Conclusion" (1893). "Lewis Carroll" was<br />
very fond of children — poor or rich—and<br />
delighted to entertain them in his rooms at Christ<br />
Church.<br />
A link connecting the present with the days of<br />
Lamb, Hunt, and Keats, is severed by the death<br />
of Mrs. Mary Cowden Clarke, author of the well<br />
known " Concordance to Shakespeare," and many<br />
other works. Mrs. Clarke was taught Latin by<br />
Mary Lamb, and heard Hunt read Dogberry's<br />
charge to the watchmen, and scenes from Sheri-<br />
dan's "Rivals." The daughter of Vincent<br />
Novello, she married Charles Cowden Clarke in<br />
1828. The Clarkes saw a good deal of Coleridge,<br />
Dickens, and Jerrold, among others; and in " My<br />
Long Life," her autobiography, published last<br />
year (Unwin), Mrs. Clarke recalls these associa-<br />
tions. Her husband, with whom she annotated<br />
an edition of Shakespeare and did other work,<br />
died in 1877 at the age of ninety. Mrs. Clarke<br />
died last month at Genoa in her eighty-ninth<br />
year.<br />
The Very Rev. Henry George Liddell, formerly<br />
Dean of Christ Church, Oxford, died at his resi-<br />
dence, Ascot, on the 18th ult., in his eighty-<br />
seventh year. He was Head-Master of West-<br />
minster in 1846, and Vice-Chancellor of his Univer-<br />
sity from 1870 to 1874. In 1892 he resigned the<br />
position of Dean after thirty-seven years' service,<br />
as he felt no longer able for the duties. As an<br />
author his name will be identified with the<br />
Liddell and Scott Greek Lexicon; and he also<br />
wrote a " History of Rome."<br />
THE BOOKS OF THE MONTH,<br />
[Dkc. 24 to J.^N. 22.—191 Books.]<br />
Addleshuw, P. Tho Cath'xii-iil Caurch of Exeter. 16. Bet],<br />
Akerman, W. Eip Van Winkle, and other Poems, 5'- Bell.<br />
Allan, James. Under the Dragon Flag. 3/6. Heinemann.<br />
Allen, F. II. Nature's Diary. 5/- any and Bird,<br />
Amateur Angler, The. "On a Sunshine Holyday."' 1/6. Low.<br />
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