311 | https://historysoa.com/items/show/311 | The Author, Vol. 08 Issue 08 (January 1898) | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%3Cem%3EThe+Author%3C%2Fem%3E%2C+Vol.+08+Issue+08+%28January+1898%29"><em>The Author</em>, Vol. 08 Issue 08 (January 1898)</a> | | | <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049239455" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049239455</a> | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Publication">Publication</a> | 1898-01-01-The-Author-8-8 | | | | | 201–228 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=89&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=8">8</a> | | | | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=76&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1898-01-01">1898-01-01</a> | | | | | | | 8 | | | 18980101 | XI b e Huthot.<br />
{The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.)<br />
CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT.<br />
Vol. Vin.—No. 8.]<br />
JANUARY i, 1898.<br />
[Price Sixpence.<br />
CONTENTS.<br />
Oeneral Memoranda.<br />
Literary Property—<br />
1. The Discount (Question<br />
1. The Law of Author and Publisher<br />
3. The CoBt of Binding<br />
4. The Copyright Association<br />
5. Haddock v. Blackwood<br />
6. Shelley's Publisher<br />
Russian Copyright. By Henry Cresswell<br />
New York Letter. By Norman Hapgood<br />
PAOK<br />
... 201<br />
... 203<br />
... 204<br />
... 205<br />
... 205<br />
... 205<br />
... 207<br />
... 208<br />
... 210<br />
Notes and News. By the Editor.<br />
A Chapter of the Past<br />
Mr. Balfour on the Novel<br />
International Relations of Authors<br />
Personal<br />
Correspondence—1. A Young Author's Grievance<br />
lished Price<br />
Book Talk<br />
Literature in the Periodicals<br />
The Books of the Month<br />
The<br />
p.* cik<br />
... 211<br />
... 214<br />
... 217<br />
... 217<br />
... 218<br />
Pnb-<br />
... 218<br />
... 219<br />
PUBLICATIONS OP THE SOCIETY.<br />
1. The Annual Report. That for January 1897 can be had on application to the Secretary.<br />
2. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance of Literary<br />
Property. Issued to all Members, 6*. 6d. per annum. Back numbers are offered at the<br />
following prices: Vol. I., 10*. 6d. (Bound); Vols. II., III., and IV., 8s. 6d. each (Bound);<br />
Vol. V., 6s. 6d. (Unbound).<br />
3. Literature and the Pension List. By W. Morris Colles, Barrister-at-Law. (Henry Glaisher,<br />
95, Strand, W.C.) 3s.<br />
I. The History of the Societe des Gens de Lettres, By s. Squire Sprigqe, late Secretary to<br />
the Society. 1*.<br />
5. The Cost of Production. In this work specimens are given of the most important forms of type,<br />
size of page, <fcc, with estimates showing what it costs to produce the more common kinds of<br />
books. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 2s. 6d.<br />
6. The Various Methods of Publication. By S. Squire Sprioge. In this work, compiled from the<br />
papers in the Society's offices, the various forms of agreements proposed by Publishers to<br />
Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the various<br />
kinds of fraud which have been made possible by the different clauses in their agreements.<br />
Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 3*.<br />
7. Copyright Law Reform. An Exposition of Lord Monkswell's Copyright Bill of 1890. With<br />
Extracts from the Report of the Commission of 1878, and an Appendix containing the<br />
Berne Convention and the American Copyright Bill. By J. M. Lely. Eyre and Spottis-<br />
woode. i«. 6d.<br />
8. The Society Of Authors, A Record of its Action from its Foundation. By Walter Besant<br />
(Chairman of Committee, 1888—1892). i«.<br />
9. The Contract of Publication in Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland. By Ernst<br />
Lunge, J.U.D. 2*. 6d.<br />
\<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 200 (#634) ############################################<br />
<br />
11<br />
AD VER TISEMENTS.<br />
§t)e g>ociete of Jtuffrors (gncotporateb).<br />
PRESIDENT.<br />
GEOBQE MEEEDITH.<br />
COUNCIL.<br />
The Eabl of Desart.<br />
Austin Dobson.<br />
A. Conan Doyle, M.D.<br />
A. W. Duboubo.<br />
Pbof. Michael Foster, P.E.S.<br />
D. W. Fbeshfibld.<br />
Kichabd Garnett, C.B., LL.D.<br />
Edmund Gosse.<br />
H. Rider Haggard.<br />
Thomas Hardy.<br />
Anthony Hope Hawkins.<br />
Jerome K. Jerome.<br />
Eudyard Kipling.<br />
Prof. E. Eat Lankester, F.E.S.<br />
W. E. H. Lecky, P.C., M.P.<br />
J. M. Lely.<br />
Mrs. E. Lynn Linton.<br />
Bev. W. J. Loftie, F.S.A.<br />
Sir A. C. Mackenzie, Mus.Doc.<br />
Prof. J. M. D. Meiklejohn.<br />
Counsel — E. M. Underdown,<br />
Sib Edwin Abnold, K.C.I.E., C.S.I.<br />
J. M. Babbie.<br />
A. W. X Beckett.<br />
Eobebt Bateman.<br />
F. E. Beddabd, F.E.S.<br />
Sib Henby Beronb, E.C.M.G.<br />
Sir Walteb Besant.<br />
Augustine Bibrell, M.P.<br />
Eev. Prof. Bonney, F.E.S.<br />
Eight Hon. James Bryce, M.P.<br />
Eight Hon. Lord Bubghclxre, P.C.<br />
Hall Caine.<br />
Egebton Castle, F.S.A.<br />
P. W. Clayden.<br />
Edwabd Clodd.<br />
w. mobbis colleb.<br />
Hon. John Colliee.<br />
Sib W. Martin Conway.<br />
F. Marion Crawford.<br />
Eight Hon. G. N. Cdbzon, P.C, M.P.<br />
Hon.<br />
Herman C. Meritale.<br />
Eev. C. H. Middleton-Wake.<br />
Sib Lewis Mobbis.<br />
Henry Norman.<br />
Miss E. A. Obmebod.<br />
J. C. Parkinson.<br />
Eight Hon. Lobd Pibbbight, P.C,<br />
F.E.S.<br />
SibFbedebick Pollock, Babt., LL.D.<br />
Walteb Hebbies Pollock.<br />
W. Baptists Scoones.<br />
Miss Flora L. Shaw.<br />
G. E. Sims.<br />
S. Squire Sprigge.<br />
J. J. Stevenson.<br />
Francis Storr.<br />
William Moy Thomas.<br />
H. D. Traill, D.CL.<br />
Mrs. Humphry Wabd.<br />
Miss Chablotte M. Yongi.<br />
Q.C.<br />
<br />
A W. X Beckett.<br />
Sib Walteb Besant.<br />
Egeeton Castle, F.S.A.<br />
W. Mobbis Colles.<br />
COMMITTEE<br />
Chairman-<br />
OF MANAGEMENT.<br />
-H. Eider Haggard.<br />
Sir W. Mabtin Conway.<br />
D. W. Freshfield.<br />
Anthony Hope Hawkins.<br />
J. M. Lely.<br />
Sir A. C. Mackenzie, Mus.Doc.<br />
Henby Norman.<br />
Fjiancis Storr.<br />
COMMITTEES.<br />
MUSIC.<br />
C. Villibrs Stanford, Mas.D. (Chairman).<br />
Jacques Blumenthal.<br />
SUB<br />
ART.<br />
Hon. John Collier (Chairman).<br />
Sib W. Martin Conway.<br />
M. H. Spielmann.<br />
f Field, Eoscoe, and Co., Lincoln's Inn Fields.<br />
\, G. Hebbebt Thbino, B.A., 4, Portugal-street. Secretary—G. Herbert Tubing, B.A. OFFICES: 4, Pobtuoal Stbeet, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C<br />
DEAMA.<br />
Henry Arthur Jones (Chairman).<br />
A. W. X Beckett.<br />
Edward Eose.<br />
Solicitors<br />
IP. WATT <Sc SO¥,<br />
LITERARY AGENTS,<br />
Formerly of 2, PATERNOSTER SUUARE,<br />
Have now removed to<br />
HASTINGS HOUSE, NORFOLK STREET, STRAND,<br />
LONDON, W.C.<br />
THE TEMPLE TYPEWRITING OFFICE.<br />
YPEWEITING EXCEPTIONALLY ACCURATE. Moderate prioes. Duplicates of Circulars by the latest<br />
process.<br />
S OPINIONS OF CLIENTS— Distinguished Author:—"The most beautiful typing I have ever seen." Lady op Titlb:—"The<br />
j work was very well aud clearly done." Provincial Editor:—"Many thanks for the spotless neatnesB and beautiful accuracy."<br />
MISS &KNTEY, KLDON CHAMBERS, 30, FLEET STREET, E.C.<br />
T<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 201 (#635) ############################################<br />
<br />
TLhe Hutbor,<br />
(The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.)<br />
CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT.<br />
Vol. VIII.—No. 8.] JANUARY i, 1898. [Pbick Sixpence.<br />
For the Opinions expressed in papers that are<br />
signed or initialled the Authors alone are<br />
responsible. None of the papers or para-<br />
graphs must be taken as expressing the<br />
collective opinions of the Committee unless<br />
they are officially signed by G. Herbert<br />
Thring, Sec.<br />
THE Secretary of the Society begs to give notioe that all<br />
remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and<br />
requests that all members not receiving an answer to<br />
important communications within two days will write to him<br />
without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union<br />
Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be Bent by registered<br />
letter only.<br />
Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on<br />
all subjects conneoted with literature, but on no other sub-<br />
jects whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are<br />
returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS.<br />
GENERAL MEMORANDA.<br />
IT^OR some years it has been the praotice to insert, in<br />
J every number of The Author, certain " General Con-<br />
siderations," Warnings, Notices, &o., for the guidance<br />
of the reader. It has been objected as regards these<br />
warnings that the tricks or frauds against which they are<br />
directed cannot all be guarded against, for obvious reasons.<br />
It is, however, well that they should be borne in mind, and<br />
if any publisher refuses a clause of precaution he simply<br />
reveals his true character, and should be left to carry on<br />
his business in his own way.<br />
Let us, however, draw up a few of the rules to be<br />
observed in an agreement. There are three methods of<br />
dealing with literary property:—<br />
I. That of selling it outright.<br />
This is in some respects the most satisfactory, if a proper<br />
price can be obtained. But the transaction should be<br />
managed by a competent agent.<br />
II. A profit-sharing agreement.<br />
In this case the following rules should be attended to:<br />
(1.) Not to sign any agreement in which the cost of pro-<br />
duction forms a part.<br />
(2.) Not to give the publisher the power of putting the<br />
profits into his own pooket by charging for advertisements<br />
VOL. Till.<br />
in his own organs: or by charging exchange advertise-<br />
ments.<br />
(3.) Not to allow a special charge for " office expenses,"<br />
unless the same allowance is made to the author.<br />
(4.) Not to give up American, Colonial, or Continental<br />
rights.<br />
(5.) Not to give up serial or translation rights.<br />
(6.) Not to bind yourself for future work to any publisher.<br />
As well bind yourself for the future to any one solicitor or<br />
doctor!<br />
(7.) To stamp the agreement,<br />
ni. The royalty system.<br />
In this system, which has opened the door to a most<br />
amazing amount of overreaching and trading on the<br />
author's ignorance, it is above all things neoessary to know<br />
what the proposed royalty means to both sides. It is now<br />
possible for an author to ascertain approximately and very<br />
nearly the truth. From time to time the very important<br />
figures connected with royalties are published in The Author.<br />
Readers can also work out the figures themselves from the<br />
"Cost of Production." Let no one, not even the youngest<br />
writer, sign a royalty agreement without finding out what<br />
it gives the publisher as well as himself.<br />
It has been objected that these precautions presuppose a<br />
great success for the book, and that very few books indeed<br />
attain to this great success. That is quite true: but there is<br />
always this uncertainty of literary property that, although<br />
the works of a great many authors carry with them no risk<br />
at all, and although of a great many it is known within a few<br />
oopies what will be their minimum circulation, it is not<br />
known what will be their maximum. Therefore every<br />
author, for every book, should arrange on the ohanoe of a<br />
success which will not, probably, come at all; but which<br />
may come.<br />
The four points whioh the Society has always demanded<br />
from the outset are:—<br />
(1.) That both sides shall know what an agreement<br />
means.<br />
(2.) The inspection of those account books which belong<br />
to the author. We are advised that this is a right, in the<br />
nature of a common law right, which cannot be denied or<br />
withheld.<br />
(3.) That there shall be no secret profits.<br />
(4.) That nothing shall be charged whioh has not been<br />
actually paid—for instance, that there shall be no oharge for<br />
advertisements in the publisher's own organs and none for<br />
exchanged advertisements and that all discounts shall be<br />
duly entered.<br />
If these points are carefully looked after, the author may<br />
rest pretty well assured that he is in right hands. At the<br />
same time he will do well to send his agreement to the<br />
secretary before he signs it.<br />
a 2<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 202 (#636) ############################################<br />
<br />
202 THE AUTHOR.<br />
HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY.<br />
I. "T7WERY member has a right to ask for and to receive<br />
Fj advioe upon his agreements, his ohoioe of a pub-<br />
lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his<br />
business or the administration of his property. If the advice<br />
sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member<br />
has a right to an opinion from the Society's solicitors. If the<br />
case ia such that Counsel's opinion is desirable, the Com-<br />
mittee will obtain for him Counsel's opinion. All this<br />
without any cost to the member.<br />
2. Eemember that questions connected with oopyright<br />
and publisher's agreements do not generally fall within the<br />
experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not soruple<br />
to use the Sooiety first—our solicitors are continually<br />
engaged upon suoh questions for us.<br />
3. Send to the office oopies of past agreements and past<br />
accounts with the loan of the bookB represented. This is in<br />
order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree-<br />
ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively<br />
so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any<br />
agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor-<br />
mation thus obtained may prove invaluable.<br />
4. If the examination of your previous business trans-<br />
actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should<br />
take advice as to a ohange of publishers.<br />
5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro-<br />
posed document to the Society for examination.<br />
6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in<br />
the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks of every publish-<br />
ing firm in the country.<br />
7. Remember always that in belonging to the Sooiety you<br />
are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are<br />
reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing<br />
the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen-<br />
dence of the writer.<br />
8. Send to the Editor of The Author notes of everything<br />
important to literature that you may hear or meet with.<br />
9. The committee have now arranged for the reception of<br />
members' agreements and their preservation in a fireproof<br />
safe. The agreements will, of course, be regarded as con-<br />
fidential documents to be read only by the Secretary, who<br />
will keep the key of the safe. The Society now offers:—(1)<br />
To read and advise upon agreements and publishers. (2) To<br />
stamp agreements in readiness for a possible action upon<br />
them. (3) To keep agreements. (4) To enforce payments<br />
due according to agreements.<br />
THE AUTHORS' SYNDICATE.<br />
MEMBERS are informed:<br />
1. That the Authors' Syndicate takes charge of<br />
the business of members of the Society. That it<br />
submits MSS. to publishers and editors, concludes agree-<br />
ments, examines, passes, and collects accounts, and, gene-<br />
rally, relieves members of the trouble of managing business<br />
details.<br />
2. That the terms upon which its services oan be secured<br />
will be forwarded upon detailed application.<br />
3. That the Authors' Syndicate works only for those<br />
members of the Society whose work possesses a market<br />
value.<br />
4. That the Syndicate can only undertake any negotiations<br />
whatever on the distinct understanding that those negotia-<br />
tions are placed exclusively in its hands, and that all<br />
communications relating thereto are referred to it.<br />
5. That clients can only be seen by the Director by<br />
appointment, and that, when possible, at least two days'<br />
notice should be given.<br />
6. That every attempt is made to deal with all communi-<br />
cations promptly. That Btamps should, in all cases, be sent<br />
to defray postage.<br />
7. That the Authors' Syndicate does not invite MSS.<br />
without previous correspondence; does not hold itself<br />
responsible for MSS. forwarded without notice; and that<br />
in all cases MSS. must be accompanied by stamps to defray<br />
postage.<br />
8. That the Syndicate undertakes arrangements for<br />
lectures by some of the leading members of the Society;<br />
that it has a "Transfer Department" for the sale and<br />
purchase of journals and periodicals; and that a " Register<br />
of Wants and Wanted" is open. Members are invited to<br />
communicate their requirements to the Manager.<br />
There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services<br />
will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It<br />
is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the<br />
Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in<br />
the Syndicate.<br />
NOTICES.<br />
THE Editor of The Author begs to remind members of the<br />
Society that, although the paper is sent to them free<br />
of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very<br />
heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great<br />
many members did not forward to the Seoretary the modest<br />
6s. 6d. subscription for the year.<br />
The Editor ia always glad to receive short papers and<br />
communications on all subjects oonnected with literature<br />
from members and others. Nothing can do more good to<br />
the Society than to make The Author complete, attractive,<br />
and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this<br />
work send their names and the special subjects on which<br />
they are willing to write P<br />
Communications for The Author should reach the Editor<br />
not later than the 21st of each month.<br />
All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether<br />
members of the Society or not, are invited to oommunioate<br />
to the Editor any points connected with their work which<br />
it would be advisable in the general interest to publish.<br />
Members and others who wish their MSS. read are<br />
requested not to send them to the Office without previously<br />
communicating with the Seoretary. The utmost practicable<br />
despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in<br />
which they are received. It must also be distinctly under-<br />
stood that the Sooiety does not, under any circumstances,<br />
undertake the publication of MSS.<br />
The Authors' Club is now open in its new premises, at<br />
3, Whitehall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary<br />
for information, rules of admission, &o.<br />
Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they<br />
have paid their subscriptions for the year P If they will do<br />
this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker's<br />
order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the<br />
trouble of sending out a reminder.<br />
Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the<br />
following warning. It is a most foolish and may be a<br />
most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding<br />
for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they<br />
would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five<br />
years to oome, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 203 (#637) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
203<br />
or dishonest f Of course they would not. Why then<br />
hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign them-<br />
selves into literary bondage for throe or five years P<br />
Those who possess the "Cost of Production" are<br />
requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15<br />
per cent. This means, for those who do not like the trouble<br />
of "doing sums," the addition of three shillings in the<br />
pound on this head. In other words, if the oost of binding<br />
is set down in onr book at eight pounds, to this must now be<br />
added twenty-four shillings more, so that it now stands<br />
at JE9 48. The figures in our book are as near the exact<br />
truth as can be procured; but a printer's, or a binder's,<br />
bill is so elaatio a thing that nothing more exact can be<br />
arrived at.<br />
Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged<br />
in the " Cost of Production" for advertising. Of course, we<br />
have not included any Hums whioh may be charged for<br />
inserting advertisements in the publisher's own magazines,<br />
or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too<br />
often go, there iB nothing to prevent the publisher from<br />
sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket,<br />
by inserting any number of advertisements in his own<br />
magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are<br />
who call this a form of frand; it is not known what those<br />
who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it.<br />
LITERARY PROPERTY.<br />
I.—The Discount Question.<br />
1.<br />
THE Publishers' Association having con-<br />
sidered the report of the Sub-Committee of<br />
the Society of Authors, published in The<br />
Author last month, has forwarded the following<br />
letters, which explain themselves :—<br />
"H. Eider Haggard, Esq., Society of Authors.<br />
"Dec. 9, 1897.<br />
"My dear Haggard,—I laid the report of your<br />
Society on the discount question before our<br />
council to-day, and the following resolution was<br />
passed: 'That in view of the report of the<br />
Society of Authors, the council feel that it is not<br />
possible for them to proceed with the proposed<br />
scheme in its present form, but they are not<br />
without hope that some other means of meeting<br />
the difficulty may be suggested.' I was requested<br />
to forward a copy of this resolution to you, and<br />
also to the Associated Booksellers.—I am, yours<br />
faithfully,<br />
"(Signed) Chables James Longman,<br />
"President."<br />
11.<br />
"T. Burleigh, Esq., Hon. Sec. Associated<br />
Booksellers, 370, Oxford-street, W.<br />
"Dec. 9, 1897.<br />
"Dear Mr. Burleigh,—Tou have no doubt seen<br />
the report of the Society of Authors on the<br />
discount question. It was considered by the<br />
council of the Publishers' Association to-day,<br />
and I need hardly inform you that they greatly<br />
regret the authors' decision, for though the<br />
council were conscious of many difficulties in the<br />
way of carrying out the scheme, they were pre-<br />
pared to give it a fair and loyal trial if the co-<br />
operation of the Authors' Society had been<br />
secured. Although the present effort must be<br />
considered to have failed, the council hope that<br />
all who are interested in the circulation of books<br />
will continue to give the matter full and careful<br />
consideration in the endeavour to discover some<br />
practicable scheme. The following resolution was<br />
carried unanimously at to-day's meeting: 'That<br />
in view of the report of the Society of Authors,<br />
the council feel that it is not possible for them to<br />
proceed with the proposed scheme in its present<br />
form, but they are not without hope that some<br />
other means of meeting the difficulty may be<br />
suggested.'—I am, yours faithfully,<br />
"Wm. Poulten, Secretary."<br />
in.<br />
Mr. Burleigh, hon. secretary of the Associated<br />
Booksellers, has addressed the following letter to<br />
the secretary of the Publishers' Association:—<br />
370, Oxford-street, London, W.<br />
Dec. 13,1897.<br />
Dear Mr. Poulten,—I beg to acknowledge the<br />
receipt of your letter of the 9th inst., with the<br />
copy of resolution of the Publishers' Council.<br />
The disappointing condition of affairs will be<br />
considered at our next council meeting early in<br />
January.<br />
I trust the council and booksellers generally<br />
will support me in the determination to continue<br />
the struggle, until literature of a higher class can<br />
be profitably placed upon our shelves, and many<br />
authors, now smothered, obtain a better chance<br />
with the public.—Yours faithfully,<br />
Thomas Burleigh.<br />
Hon. Sec. Associated Booksellers.<br />
W. Poulten, Esq., Secretary,<br />
The Pubhshers' Association.<br />
IV.<br />
The following letters also explain themselves.<br />
The first is addressed to the secretary:—<br />
Dec. 5, 1897.<br />
Deab Sib,—I have belonged to the Society of<br />
Authors for some years, and I am much indebted<br />
to it for valuable advice given me on one occasion<br />
when I was in a position of great difficulty. But<br />
I so entirely disagree with the Report of the Sub-<br />
committee on the Discount Question, and am so<br />
anxious to dissociate myself from it, that I am<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 204 (#638) ############################################<br />
<br />
204<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
forced to resign my membership of the Society, as<br />
I now do.<br />
There is hardly any kind of business in which<br />
the evils of reckless competition have not been<br />
felt during the la>t half century, and remedies of<br />
various kinds have been sought after and adopted<br />
with success in many trades. To take their stand,<br />
as the Committee do, on the formulae which were<br />
current in 1852 about the " freedom which ought<br />
to prevail in commercial transactions," seems to<br />
me an absurd anachronism.<br />
Had it been clear that the Committee had<br />
accepted Mr. Longman's offer, and had met with<br />
the publishers' sub-committee in conference on the<br />
subject, I should attach more importance to their<br />
contention that the proposed organisation could<br />
not be carried out.<br />
I am sending a copy of this letter to the presi-<br />
dent of the Publishers' Association.—I remain,<br />
yours sincerely,<br />
(Signed) Wm. Cunningham.<br />
v.<br />
Dec. 6, 1897.<br />
The Rev. W. Cunningham.—Dear Sir,—I am<br />
in receipt of your letter, and have removed your<br />
name from the books of the Society for the reason<br />
that you disapprove of the Report of the Com-<br />
mittee on the Discount Question. The Committee<br />
did not take their stand "on the formute which<br />
were current in 1852." They have had a great<br />
amount of evidence before them, and it is on this<br />
evidence that they have come to draw their present<br />
conclusions. We did not meet the sub-committee<br />
of the publishers, because we had already the<br />
publishers' views in the fullest manner before us<br />
from the documents we had collected. We did,<br />
however, as you will see by the Report, have the<br />
views of booksellers of all classes, who surely are<br />
more concerned in the affair than the publishers.<br />
I must apologise, however, for going into these<br />
details now.—Tours truly,<br />
G. Herbert Thring.<br />
II.—The Law of Author and Publisher.<br />
An order was made last week by the Lord<br />
Chief Justice of considerable interest to authors<br />
and the publishing trade. It related to the deal-<br />
ing with copies of books remaining unsold upon<br />
the bankruptcy of a publisher. The decision<br />
come to was in the nature of a compromise, and<br />
lacks the authority of a judgment; but it is<br />
probable that the case may become a precedent,<br />
and the facts have therefore a special interest to<br />
those connected with literature. The plaintiff<br />
was Mr. Frederick Wicks, and the defendants<br />
Remington and Co. (Limited), Mr. Sidney Cronk,<br />
the liquidator of the company, and Mr. John<br />
Grant Macqueen, the purchaser of Remington's<br />
business. The company and its predecessors,<br />
Eden, Remington, and Co., had published and<br />
sold three editions of "The Veiled Hand," of<br />
which Mr. Wicks is the author, and had printed<br />
a fourth edition of 5000 copies. Between 2000<br />
and 3000 of these remained unsold when the<br />
company went into liquidation. The company<br />
had also printed 5000 of "The Broadmoor<br />
Patient" and 5000 of " The Infant," by the same<br />
author, and had sold about 2000 of each. The<br />
defendant Macqueen therefore acquired posses-<br />
sion of some 8000 copies of the three works. The<br />
agreements made by Mr. Wicks with Messrs.<br />
Remington were agreements to print and publish<br />
only, and in each case the author retained the<br />
copyright. It is part of the established law that<br />
agreements of this kind are not assignable with-<br />
out the consent of the owner of the copyright,<br />
and that they do not pass to an assignee in bank-<br />
ruptcy nor to a liquidator of a company. Mr.<br />
Cronk, however, assigned the agreements, and<br />
sold the stock to Mr. Macqueen, who gave him an<br />
indemnity for all the consequences of this act. The<br />
correspondence showed that Mr. Wicks en-<br />
deavoured to procure from Mr. Macqueen some<br />
acknowledgment of his rights and some arrange-<br />
ment for the continuance of the sales; but his<br />
title to any participation in the proceeds of the<br />
sale was denied in the first instance by both<br />
parties. Later an endeavour to make an arrange-<br />
ment was promised by Mr. Macqueen, but Mr.<br />
Wicks was requested to wait until full considera-<br />
tion could be given to the matter. A few months<br />
later, nothing having been arranged, Mr. Wicks<br />
found his books on sale at Messrs Smith and<br />
Son's bookstalls at a slightly reduced price. He<br />
ascertained that some 1200 copies had been<br />
bought and paid for three months before without<br />
any consent on his part, and when he applied for<br />
an account it was refused. Some months after<br />
he was offered a third of the royalty stipulated by<br />
the original agreement on a part of the sales only,<br />
and the court was applied to. Pressure being<br />
put upon the parties by the Lord Chief Justice<br />
to make an arrangement, it was ultimately decided<br />
to take an order requiring Mr. Macqueen to bind<br />
the books to the satisfaction of Mr. Wicks, to<br />
sell them at prices agreed to by Mr. Wicks, to<br />
expend a reasonable amount in advertising the<br />
books, which amount would be fixed by a third<br />
person, and to pay to Mr. Wicks the amount<br />
acknowledged in the account rendered, and a<br />
royalty on future sales as stipulated in the origi-<br />
nal agreement respecting "The Veiled Hand."<br />
This agreement fixed the royalties at 1*. lod. per<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 205 (#639) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
205<br />
copy on the 10s. 6d. edition, and 9^. on the<br />
3s. 6d. edition, to be increased to 2*. 3d. and io\d.<br />
respectively after the sale of 5000, which has been<br />
the case with "The Veiled Hand." The liquida-<br />
tor of the company, who, the Lord Chief Justice<br />
said, had assigned agreements that he had no<br />
power to assign, was ordered to leave in the hands<br />
of .the plaintiff five guineas paid into court.—The<br />
Athenmum, Dec. 25.<br />
m.—The Cost of Binding.<br />
Exception has been taken to our estimate of t,d.<br />
as the cost of plain binding. We have called<br />
attention to an increase in the cost of binding.<br />
This increase seems to belong to small orders.<br />
Those who have sufficient business to give large<br />
orders for cloth can still bind very cheaply. The<br />
following taken from a publisher's account shows<br />
what is actually paid for binding. There were<br />
1328 copies bound, viz.:—<br />
262, in paper, at id.<br />
150 at 31*. 6d. a hundred, or $zd. a volume.<br />
916 at 38s. 6d. the hundred, or $\d. a volume.<br />
The average amounts to 3^m«?.—i.e., a little<br />
over 3|rf.<br />
It is pleasant, after hearing frantic declarations<br />
that the work cannot be done at the price, to<br />
receive actual accounts showing that the work has<br />
been done at the price.<br />
IV.—Thk Copyeight Association.<br />
A service of plate was presented to Mr. Daldy<br />
on Dec. 9 by the Copyright Association in recog-<br />
nition of his services in the cause of copyright.<br />
The association, as is well known, has been in<br />
existence a long time. It consists of a few<br />
authors and some publishers: of late it has been<br />
working with the Society. It is now very much<br />
to be desired that the authors who are in the<br />
association should remember that the Society has<br />
done a great deal of solid work in connection with<br />
* copyright, and that a continuance of their<br />
membership might lead to complications with<br />
the Society, which should have the first claim<br />
upon their support.<br />
V.—Muddock v. Blackwood.<br />
(Before Mr. Justice Kekewich.)<br />
This was a copyright case of some importance.<br />
Two copyright actions had been brought, one<br />
having been commenced in the Chancery Division<br />
and the other in the Queen's Bench Division, but<br />
they had since been consolidated by an order in<br />
the Chancery action. The writ in the Chancery<br />
action was issued on Nov. 24, 1896, by the plain-<br />
tiff, Mr. James Edward Muddock, the author or<br />
and the registered proprietor of the copyright in<br />
a work called "A Wingless Angel," against Mr.<br />
James Blackwood, a publisher, and a firm of pub-<br />
lishers called J. Blackwood and Co., claiming an<br />
injunction, an account of profits, and delivery-up<br />
of copies in respect of a work published by the<br />
defendants under the same title, and being, in<br />
fact, a reprint of the plaintiff's work. On Dec. 10<br />
the principal defendant, Mr. James Blackwood,<br />
wrote to the plaintiff offering to submit to an in-<br />
junction, to pay =£10 as damages, to deliver up all<br />
copies in his hands, and to pay the plaintiff's<br />
costs as between party and party. The plaintiff,<br />
however, refused the offer, and on Dec. 18 made a<br />
demand in writing on the defendants under sect.<br />
23 of the Copyright Act, 1842 (5 & 6 Vict. c. 45),<br />
for all copies of the book unlawfully printed or<br />
imported; and then, on Dec. 23, 1896, issued the<br />
writ in the Queen's Bench action, claiming<br />
damages for wrongful conversion of copies of the<br />
book unlawfully printed without the consent of<br />
the plaintiff. Then he delivered a statement of<br />
claim in that action, and on Feb. 1,1897, obtained<br />
an order in chambers in that action transferring<br />
it to the Chancery Division, but expressly reserv-<br />
ing the costs of that action to be dealt with by<br />
the Chancery judge at the trial. On Feb. 8 Mr.<br />
Justice Kekewich, on the plaintiff's application,<br />
made an order that the two actions should be<br />
consolidated and proceed as one action, and in the<br />
consolidated action the plaintiff delivered a state-<br />
ment of claim, claiming an injunction, delivery up<br />
of all copies in the defendants' possession, an<br />
account of profits made by the defendants by the<br />
infringement, or, alternatively, damages in respect<br />
of the infringement, with an inquiry as to the<br />
amount thereof, £2 50 damages for conversion as<br />
in an action of trover, and costs. It appeared<br />
that the plaintiff had not published any copies of<br />
his work since 1875; that in 1886 the defendant<br />
Mr. James Blackwood bought the stereotyped<br />
plates of the work at an auction sale at Messrs.<br />
Puttick and Simpson's, of Leicester-square, and<br />
had used them without demur until last year. An<br />
account furnished by the defendant showed that<br />
in 1886 he sold 1010 copies at a total price of<br />
■£38 199. g^d., and at a profit of £8 lot. 4$<Z.;<br />
also that in 1896 he sold 29 copies at a profit of<br />
£1 4«. 2d., his total profits thus amounting to<br />
=£9 148. 6\d. -. also that, after taking into account<br />
the purchase of the plates and repairs, amounting<br />
altogether to <£io, there had been a net loss on<br />
production and sale of the book of 58. $\d.<br />
Warrington, Q.C., and J. G. Joseph for the<br />
plaintiff, relied on sect. 23 of the Copyright Act,<br />
1842 (5 & 6 Vict. c. 45) (Scrutton on Copyright,<br />
p. 246), which provides that "all copies of any<br />
book wherein there shall be copyright, and of<br />
which entry shall have been made in the said<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 206 (#640) ############################################<br />
<br />
206<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
registry book, and which shall have been unlaw-<br />
fully printed or imported without the consent of<br />
the registered proprietor of such copyright, in<br />
writing under his hand first obtained, shall be<br />
deemed to be the property of the proprietor of<br />
such copyright, and who shall be registered as<br />
such, and such registered proprietor shall, after<br />
demand thereof in writing, be entitled to sue for<br />
and recover the same, or damages for the deten-<br />
tion thereof, in an action of detinue, from any<br />
party who shall detain the same, or to sue for and<br />
recover damages for the conversion thereof in an<br />
action for trover."<br />
Renshaw, Q.C. and J. W. Baines, for the<br />
defendant Blackwood, referred to sect. 15, which<br />
enacts that " if any person shall, in any part of<br />
the British dominions, after the passing of this<br />
Act, print or cause to be printed, either for sale<br />
or exportation, any book in which there shall be<br />
subsisting copyright, without the consent in<br />
writing of the proprietor thereof, or shall import<br />
for sale or hire any such book so having been<br />
unlawfully printed from paits beyond the sea, or,<br />
knowing such book to have been so unlawfully<br />
printed or imported, shall sell, publish, or expose<br />
for sale or hire, or cause to be sold, published,<br />
or exposed for sale or hire, or shall have in his<br />
possession, for sale or hire, any such book so un-<br />
lawfully printed or imported, without such con-<br />
sent as aforesaid, such offender shall be liable to a<br />
special action on the case at the suit of the pro-<br />
prietor of such copyright, to be brought in any<br />
court of record in that part of the British<br />
dominions in which the offence shall be com-<br />
mitted." They submitted that the two sections<br />
were inconsistent, and that the plaintiff was wrong<br />
in claiming, as he had done, both in detinue and<br />
in trover, for, under sect. 23 he must select the<br />
one mode of action or the other, not both. As to<br />
the alleged profits made by the defendant, when<br />
the price of the plates and the usual trade dis-<br />
count were taken into consideration, it was clear<br />
there could be no profits. [Mr. Justice Kbke-<br />
wich.—I should think wingless angels would<br />
require some discount to make them fly. (Laugh-<br />
ter.)] The plaintiff had resorted to a "multi-<br />
plicity" of actions, when he might have sought<br />
relief by one action. The action had been, in<br />
fact, continued without any necessity, the defen-<br />
dant having offered all the plaintiff could justly<br />
claim.<br />
Mr. Justice Kkkkwich said it was somewhat<br />
strange that in the end of the year 1897 he should<br />
be called upon for the first time to say what was<br />
the meaning of sect. 23 of the Act 5 & 6 Vict,<br />
c. 45—whether the remedy given by that section<br />
was inconsistent with that given by sect. 15; but<br />
he supposed he was really called upon to do that<br />
because no counsel had suggested to him that<br />
there was any decision; and, moreover, the book<br />
on copyright which was in the bands of the pro-<br />
fession, and to which reference was usually made<br />
on all questions of copyright, did not give any<br />
case on the subject. Two points had been raised.<br />
First, it was said on behalf of the defendant<br />
that sect. 15 gave the proprietor of copyright a<br />
remedy by special action on the case: that that<br />
meant that this was the remedy which he was<br />
intended to pursue, except so far as his remedies<br />
at common law were not interfered with; that<br />
the offender under sect. 23 was a different person<br />
to the offender under sect. 15; that under sect. 15<br />
he was dealing with a person who had " unlaw-<br />
fully printed or imported " a book in which there<br />
was a subsisting copyright, and that the other<br />
Kect., 23, provided a remedy against the accidental<br />
possessor of the infringing book, so as to give a<br />
right of action against that accidental possessor<br />
independently of his being otherwise a wrong-<br />
doer. That might b-j the right view, but the<br />
language of the sections was not sufficiently clear<br />
to compel his Lordship to adopt it. No doubt<br />
there were words in sect. 15 which were not to be<br />
found in sect. 23, and he was unable to suggest<br />
why the two sections should not have been put<br />
into one, and why they should have been sepa-<br />
rated as they were. But, on the other hand, he<br />
did not see why, because the proprietor of copy-<br />
right had a remedy under sect. 15 against the<br />
wrong-doer, he could not sue that wrong-doer, if<br />
so advised, under sect. 23. Then the next point<br />
was this. The book being vested in the pro-<br />
prietor of the copyright, sect. 23 said he "shall,<br />
after demand in writing, be entitled to sue for<br />
and recover the same or damages for the deten-<br />
tion thereof, in an action of detinue, from any<br />
party who shall detain the same, or to sue for and<br />
recover damages for the conversion thereof in an<br />
action of trover." That provided an alternative<br />
remedy; and the argument on behalf of the<br />
defendant was that the plaintiff claiming to sue •<br />
under that section must elect to sue either in<br />
detinue or in trover, and could not sue in both.<br />
That was an easier point than the other.<br />
There was an alternative remedy. It would,<br />
in his Lordship's opinion, be adopting an<br />
extremely narrow construction of the Act to say<br />
that the proprietor of the copyright in a book,<br />
knowing that a person had a certain number of<br />
copies in his hands and that he had sold other<br />
copies, could not sue that person in respect of<br />
the copies that he had detained, and also in<br />
respect of those that he had converted to his own<br />
jise. It seemed tolerably plain upon the Act<br />
itself, and in accordance with what was the appa-<br />
rent intention of the Legislature, that the two<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 207 (#641) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
207<br />
actions might be reduced to one action distributed<br />
in the way he had suggested—that is to say, the<br />
plaintiff might sue in detinue in respect of the<br />
copies the defendant had detained, and might<br />
sue in trover in respect of the copies he had<br />
sold and converted to his own use. Having got<br />
so far, the plaintiff in the present case, who was<br />
the proprietor of the registered copyright in a<br />
book called "A Wingless Angel," was entitled to<br />
sue under sect. 23, and to sue the defendant not-<br />
withstanding that he might have brought what<br />
was called " a special action on the case " under<br />
sect. 15; and he might have exercised his privi-<br />
lege of bringing an action on the case by pro-<br />
ceeding in the Chancery Division. What, then,<br />
was the plaintiff's remedy? In his Lordship's<br />
opinion he was entitled to the delivery-up on<br />
oath of all books in the possession of the<br />
defendant—that is to say, delivery-up, and also<br />
damages as in an action of trover for the books<br />
the defendant had sold. The defendant had sold<br />
twice. In 1886 he sold 1010 copies and realised<br />
.£38 19*. g^d., or, say, .£39, making a profit of<br />
£8 10s. 4%d.; and then he published the book<br />
again in 1896, and sold twenty-nine copies, and<br />
made a profit of <£i 40. 2d., which on his own<br />
showing was rather more than one-eighth of<br />
what he had made in 1886. His Lordship de-<br />
clined to order an inquiry as to damages. It<br />
would be almost wicked to send the case to the<br />
master or to an official referee to find damages<br />
for conversion; if necessary, he should have the<br />
inquiry before himself. Mr. Warrington had<br />
asked him to fix a sum, and if he added forty<br />
guineas for the whole, he thought he was giving<br />
the plaintiff as much as he was entitled to. The<br />
plaintiff was also entitled to an injunction as<br />
part of the order. Upon the question of costs,<br />
his Lordship said that the plaintiff might have<br />
obtained all the relief he sought by one action in<br />
the Chancery Division. He seemed, however, to<br />
have determined to multiply costs in every<br />
possible way, and his Lordship would do his best<br />
to mark his sense of that proceeding. He should<br />
therefore give him only the costs of the Chancery<br />
action; the costs of the other proceedings he<br />
must be ordered to pay.—The Times, Nov. 17.<br />
SHELLEY'S PUBLISHES.<br />
CHARLES OLLIER began his working life<br />
in Messrs. Coutts's bank, but a classical<br />
education had developed literary tastes, and<br />
these he first indulged by becoming a publisher.<br />
He had not been a year in business when, through<br />
Leigh Hunt—whose "Foliage," "Hero and<br />
VOL. VIII.<br />
Leander," and the second edition of " The Story<br />
of Rimini" he published—he was introduced to<br />
Keats, and the acquaintance led to his publishing<br />
the first poems of Keats in 1817. The book was<br />
not a success; Keats blamed the inactivity of the<br />
publisher, and went over to Taylor and Hessey<br />
with his subsequent works. With Shelley the<br />
case was different. It was due to Oilier that<br />
Shelley's "Laon and Cythna" was altered and<br />
converted into "The Revolt of Islam"; and,<br />
although the poet complained of that proceeding,<br />
all his subsequent works published in his life-<br />
time, except "Swellfoot the Tyrant," were<br />
brought out by Oilier. When Shelley sent his<br />
"Defence of Poetry" to Oilier in 1821, indeed, he<br />
wrote that " if any expressions should strike you<br />
as too unpopular, I give you the power of omit-<br />
ting them; but I trust you will, if possible,<br />
refrain from exercising this." Although his<br />
brother James was the man of business, the firm<br />
of Charles and James Oilier, of Vere-street, did not<br />
prosper. Li 1819 he published " The Literary<br />
Pocket Book," in which Shelley's poem of " Mari-<br />
anne's Dream" was first printed; and in 1820<br />
he brought out the first part of " Oilier's Literary<br />
Miscellany, in Prose and Verse, by Several<br />
Hands." This publication, which, as the title-<br />
page said, was "to be continued occasionally,"<br />
contained a remarkable article on the German<br />
drama by Archdeacon Hare, and another by<br />
Peacock on "The Four Ages of Poetry." As<br />
the latter, in which the writer regarded poetry as a<br />
worn-out delusion of barbarous times, provoked<br />
Shelley's "Defence of Pcetry," the following<br />
entertaining passage may be quoted as a taste of<br />
its quality. The year of writing is 1820:—<br />
In the origin and perfection of poetry, all the associa-<br />
tions of life were composed of poetio materials. With us it<br />
is decidedly the reverse. We know, too, that there are nu<br />
Dryads in Hyde Park nor Naiads in the Regent's Canal<br />
Bat barbaric manners and supernatural interventions are<br />
essential to poetry. Either in the scene, or in the time, or<br />
in both, it must be remote from our ordinary perceptions.<br />
While the historian and the philosopher are advanoing in<br />
and accelerating the progress of knowledge, the poet is<br />
wallowing in the rubbish of departed ignoranoe, and raking<br />
up the ashes of dead savages to find geegaws and rattles<br />
for the grown babies of the age. Mr. Scott digs up the<br />
poachers and cattle stealers of the anoient border. Lord<br />
Byron cruises for thieves and pirates on the shores of the<br />
Morea and among the Greek islands. Mr. Southey wades<br />
through ponderous volumes of travel and old chronicles,<br />
from which he carefully selects all that is false, useless,<br />
and absurd, as being essentially poetioal; and when he has a<br />
oommonplace book, full of monstrosities, strings them into<br />
an epic Mr. Wordsworth picks up village legends from old<br />
women and sextons; and Mr. Coleridge, to the valuable<br />
information acquired from similar sources, superadds the<br />
dreams of crazy theologians and the mysticisms of German<br />
metaphysios, and favours the world with visions in verse,<br />
in whioh the quadruple elements of sexton, old woman,<br />
Jeremy Taylor, and Emanuel Kant are harmonised into a<br />
T<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 208 (#642) ############################################<br />
<br />
208<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
delicious poetical compound. Mr. Moore presents as with<br />
a Persian, and Mr. Campbell with a Pennsylvanian tale,<br />
both formed on the same principle as Mr. Southey's epics,<br />
by extracting from a perfunctory and desultory perusal of a<br />
collection of voyages and travels, all that useful investiga-<br />
tion would not seek for and that common sense would<br />
reject.<br />
"Very clever, but false," said Shelley of Pea-<br />
cock's tilt against poetry. Shelley's " Defence"<br />
was originally intended to appear in the second<br />
part of "Ollier's Miscellany," but no second part<br />
ever appeared. Then Ollier's business was wound-<br />
up, and the " Defence" came into the possession<br />
of John Hunt, who prepared it for publication<br />
in the " Liberal," but that periodical also expired<br />
before it could be published.<br />
Meanwhile Oilier had become a literary adviser<br />
to Bentley, and he continued long in this position.<br />
He also contributed to magazines, and occasion-<br />
ally gave lectures on celebrated writers. He<br />
admired Shakespeare to such a degree, and held<br />
himself under such a loyal weight of obligation<br />
to him, that, says Hunt, "I have known him<br />
involuntarily measure persons, whom he other-<br />
wise respected, from head to foot if tbey ventured<br />
to maintain the least objection to the great poet;<br />
as though, in default of some possible intellectual<br />
cause for it, he was trying to discover some cause<br />
physical."<br />
As an author, Oilier possessed two faults in<br />
Leigh Hunt's eyes. First, he should have written<br />
more; and, secondly, he should have taken more<br />
pains to keep what he did write before the public.<br />
His first work was "Altham and His Wife: a<br />
Domestic Tale" (1818). Shelley wrote of this:<br />
"It is a natural story, most unaffectedly told in a<br />
strain of very pure and powerful English." Sir<br />
Walter Scott, in a critique which he wrote in the<br />
Quarterly Review on the novel of " Haggi Baba"<br />
in England, refers to the story of "Altham and<br />
His Wife" as furnishing pleasant authority for<br />
the telling of love-tales under umbrellas during a<br />
shower. Ollier's second book, "Iuesilla; or, the<br />
Tempter: a Romance, with Other Tales" (1824),<br />
Hunt said was "the best bit of diablerie in the<br />
language." So high an opinion was entertained<br />
of it by the authoress of "Frankenstein," that a<br />
publisher having proposed to piece out the requi-<br />
site size of a volume of stories from her pen by<br />
one worthy of its companionship, she said she<br />
should prefer this production of Mr. Oilier. Then<br />
followed "Ferrers" (1842), a romance on the<br />
execution of Earl Ferrers in 1760; "Fallacy of<br />
Ghosts, Dreams, and Omens, with Stories of<br />
Witchcraft, Life-in-Death, and Monomania"<br />
(1848), reprinted from Ainsworth's Magazine,<br />
and published by the author himself. Edmund<br />
Oilier, author, who died in 1886, was a son of<br />
Charles Oilier.<br />
EUSSIAN COPYBIGHT.<br />
AT present, no international copyright exists<br />
in Russia. Not only is the Russian<br />
Empire by far the largest and by far the<br />
most important of the European States outside<br />
the Berne Convention, but it is also without any<br />
private copyright convention with any other<br />
State. The readers of The Author will not<br />
require to be told what that implies. The<br />
results are, of course, as unsatisfactory to Russian<br />
authors as they are to the authors of other<br />
countries, all whose works are at the free disposal<br />
of the subjects of the Tsar. Even editors and<br />
publishers do not find it always convenient to be<br />
unable either to inhibit the unlimited introduction<br />
of translations of foreign works, or to get any<br />
protection for those which they have themselves<br />
brought out. In fact, the situation appears<br />
to be rapidly becoming intolerable. The object,<br />
however, of the present article is not to<br />
explain that the results of unlimited piracy<br />
are as unsatisfactory in Russia as elsewhere.<br />
That is a matter of course. But it is pleasant<br />
to be able to mention, on the other hand,<br />
that the Russians are beginning to realise that<br />
piracy is unsatisfactory, and that, in consequence,<br />
some steps in a more hopeful direction have been<br />
recently taken.<br />
For some time past pleas have been urged in<br />
favour of the renewal of the copyright conven-<br />
tion formerly existing between Russia and France.<br />
This lapsed upon the denunciation, in 1887, of<br />
the treaty of 1861. In 1893 M. Zola published in<br />
the Temps, "An Open Letter to the Russian<br />
Press." In 1894 both the St. Petersburg Society<br />
of Authors and the St. Petersburg Association of<br />
Publishers named commissions to consider pro-<br />
posals for some new legislation. The Musical<br />
Society of St. Petersburg and the Society of<br />
Artists took also similar steps. In the meantime<br />
the Russian Government had instituted under the<br />
presidency of Count Muravieff, then Minister of<br />
Justice, but at present of Foreign Affairs, a com-<br />
mission for the revision of the Russian code.<br />
Upon reaching the section relating to copyright,<br />
certain new regulations, in accordance with<br />
modern views, were proposed and submitted for<br />
consideration to various Russian societies com-<br />
petent to give opinions concerning them. More<br />
recently the text of the proposed legislation was<br />
communicated to the congress at Monaco, accom-<br />
panied by a letter from the Chancellor of the<br />
Russian Imperial Commission. This letter ex-<br />
plained that the projected regulations were<br />
by no means to be regarded as final, and<br />
that the right of translation, at present<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 209 (#643) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
209<br />
treated in a manner altogether inconsistent<br />
with the spirit of the Berne Convention,<br />
would probably be reconsidered and placed<br />
upon an entirely different basis. The Monaco<br />
Congress was naturally much gratified by the<br />
compliment paid it by the Russian Government,<br />
and a special commission of the association was<br />
nominated to study the proposals laid before it.<br />
Those who are specially interested in the subject<br />
will find lengthy and highly instructive articles<br />
upon it in the recent numbers of Le Droit<br />
d'Auteur, to which publication we are indebted<br />
for the facte briefly summarised in the following<br />
paragraphs.<br />
All literary, musical, and artistic works are to<br />
be protected. With some restrictions, copyright<br />
is accorded also to collections of national ballads,<br />
and of other folk-lore, hitherto orally transmitted<br />
(an excellent provision in a country so rich in<br />
folk-lore as Russia), and to editors of ancient<br />
manuscripts—the last without prejudice to editors<br />
of other manuscripts of the same work. Lectures,<br />
sermons, and public discourses are also to be<br />
copyright. Of judicial, municipal, and other<br />
public speeches of the same kind, the authors<br />
are to have a copyright, but the newspapers<br />
to be free to report. Laws and public regula-<br />
tions are not copyright. Both writer and<br />
receiver, or their heirs, have control over private<br />
letters. Amongst artistic works the following<br />
are particularly specified as protected—maps,<br />
plans, and architectural and technical designs.<br />
Photographs are protected, with some restric-<br />
tions.<br />
Unpublished literary and artistic works cannot<br />
be seized. Damages can be claimed for infringe-<br />
ment of copyright, whether wilful or uninten-<br />
tional. In the latter case the culprit is respon-<br />
sible only for a sum representing his actual gain.<br />
Proceedings before either civil or criminal<br />
tribunals will be easily taken. The owner of the<br />
copyright can proceed within a limit of three years<br />
after his discovery of the infringement of his<br />
rights. The penalty for illicit production of<br />
dramatic works will be forfeiture to the author of<br />
the whole of the gross receipts. Cession of a<br />
work does not include cession of the right of<br />
translation. Cession of right to publish a drama<br />
does not include right to perform.<br />
The author's rights are subject to certain<br />
restrictions. The entire reproduction of works<br />
of insignificant extent is permitted if they are<br />
reproduced in voluminous works of an original<br />
character. Reproduction in chrestomathies, or<br />
in similar works of a scientific or educational<br />
character, is also allowed. Periodicals are allowed<br />
to copy matter from the columns of others, pro-<br />
vided that the extracts are of small extent, not<br />
VOL. VIII.<br />
of a literary character, and not continuously<br />
drawn from the same source. All such extracts<br />
are to be accompanied by an indication of their<br />
origin. The interests of the author are also<br />
sacrificed to those of the musical composer.<br />
Words for music may be taken freely from any<br />
published work, unless the words have been<br />
written exclusively for setting to music, and the<br />
composer may sell the words with the music<br />
without restriction. For restrictions on the rights<br />
of artiste we must refer the rt ader to Le Droit<br />
d'Auteur. A literary work may be dramatised<br />
without the author's consent after a lapse of ten<br />
years from its publication.<br />
Respecting translation much remains to be<br />
desired. The author of a work published in<br />
Russia enjovs an exclusive right of translation for<br />
ten years, if this right is expressly reserved by a<br />
declaration on the title or in the preface, and if<br />
he publishes a tsanslation within three years after<br />
the appearance of the original work. Works<br />
simultaneously published in different languages<br />
are to be considered as original works in every<br />
one of these languages.<br />
When the right of translation has become<br />
public property, a translator has no power to<br />
inhibit any other translation of the same work.<br />
The duration of copyright will be the same as<br />
at present, the life of the author and fifty years<br />
afterwards. This applies also to music. Fifty<br />
years from the death of the author is the dura-<br />
tion of the copyright of posthumous works.<br />
Fifty years from the date of publication will be<br />
the duration for—<br />
(a) First editions of folk-lore;<br />
(6) First editions of ancient manuscripts;<br />
(c) The publications of universities, academies,<br />
educational institutions, and learned societies.<br />
The copyright of an anonymous or pseudony-<br />
mous publication has a duration of thirty years<br />
from the date of publication, unless the author<br />
declares himself within that period, in which case<br />
he acquires his ordinary rights.<br />
The duration of copyright for a photograph is<br />
five years only; for a translation it is the life of<br />
the translator and thirty years afterwards.<br />
The editors of periodicals, encyclopaedias,<br />
almanacks, and similar works, composed of the<br />
writings of different authors, have a fifty years'<br />
copyright commencing from the date of publi-<br />
cation. The contributors, without prejudice to<br />
their rights in the miscellany, may, unless the<br />
contrary has been expressly stipulated, reprint<br />
their works two years after their appearance in<br />
the miscellany.<br />
The author who has ceded his right for a single<br />
edition may, unless the contrary has been ex-<br />
pressly stipulated, publish a new edition as soon<br />
t 2<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 210 (#644) ############################################<br />
<br />
2IO<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
as the first is exhausted, or, even if it be not<br />
exhausted, after five years; or at any time, if the<br />
work has undergone such modifications as will<br />
make it really a new book.<br />
These regulations will apply to all works pub-<br />
lished in Russia, whether the author be a Russian<br />
or a foreigner. They apply also to the works of<br />
a Russian subject published in a foreign country.<br />
No protection is given to the works of foreigners<br />
published outside the Russian Empire. Nor is<br />
any hint given of conventions ultimately to be<br />
concluded with other States. This would appear<br />
to indicate that complete non-recognition of the<br />
rights of foreigners is to be the rule. Happily,<br />
the letter of the Chancellor of the Imperial Com-<br />
mission leaves some hopes of an ultimate more<br />
liberal arrangement.<br />
Henby Cbesswell.<br />
NEW YORK LETTER.<br />
New York, Dec. 17, 1897.<br />
ANUMBER of interesting changes in the<br />
tendencies of publishing are visible in the<br />
Christmas books this year, and they are<br />
nearly all encouraging. All of the leading houses<br />
are publishing less of those books which, intended<br />
exclusively for Christmas sale, are of flimsy and<br />
ephemeral character, with slight real interest.<br />
Trifles for children, and gift-books full of cheap<br />
illustrations and decorations, are not published<br />
by any but some of the weaker houses. Instead<br />
of that we see the solid books being advertised as<br />
especially suitable for gift-books. A few of the<br />
smaller houses, however, have just as large a<br />
supply of tinsel as ever. Among the solid books<br />
which seem to be especially popular for this par-<br />
ticular purpose are those on the popular aspects<br />
of science and philosophy, and especially on those<br />
branches of those subjects which can be treated<br />
in a half pictorial way, which explains an un-<br />
common amount of literature about birds and<br />
plants this year, and also explains the big<br />
Christmas demand for books on art and travel.<br />
The decoration is improving in the same way as<br />
the contents. Really rich and luxurious paper<br />
and binding are taking the place of the cheaper<br />
devices, although one wasteful tendency is notice-<br />
able—that of making the books so delicate that<br />
any reasonable amount of handling would ruin<br />
them. Perhaps of all the Christmas books,<br />
properly speaking, the two most conspicuous are<br />
Gibson's book on London (published by tbe<br />
Scribners) and "Joan of Arc," by Boutet de<br />
Mouvel, published by the Century Company.<br />
John Li Farge's "Artist's Letters from Japan"<br />
has attracted a good deal of attention, and<br />
it is a reminder that the growing familiarity<br />
with Japanese and French ideas in regard to<br />
decoration is responsible for much of the im-<br />
provement.<br />
One of the most interesting of all the solid<br />
books is the history of dancing from the earliest<br />
stages to our own times, published by Appleton<br />
and Co. as a translation from the French. The<br />
text itself is complete and intelligent, and the<br />
illustrations reproduce some of the finest works of<br />
art from the earliest times down to Sargent,<br />
Degas and Cheret.<br />
Among the books which will appear before a<br />
great while it must be said, to the credit of the<br />
cheap magazines and the cheap publishing houses,<br />
that the most interesting, to my mind at least, will<br />
be given by Mr. Munsey. It will be made up of<br />
a series of articles now running in the magazine<br />
which give the judgment of various writers of<br />
fiction on their favourite novelists. The date of<br />
the issue cannot be fixed until it is known when<br />
the series will be completed. Anthony Hope's<br />
article on Sterne, in the November number of the<br />
magazine, struck me as being the best piece of<br />
literary criticism of recent publication that I have<br />
seen anywhere. It suggested one rather gloomy<br />
conclusion for the professional critic, which is,<br />
that the man who sits down occasionally to<br />
express ideas which he has thought of for many<br />
years gives something more permanently worth<br />
while than most of the criticism which is written<br />
by men who turn everything they know into<br />
copy.<br />
This observation, by-the-way, has its relations<br />
to an article which Professor H. T. Peck has<br />
recently written, in which he says that the<br />
influence of the magazine on authors has been<br />
generally deteriorating, by inducing them to write<br />
too constantly. Except in the cases of genius,<br />
he thinks it makes no difference to the author,<br />
because he wouldn't do anything anyway; but<br />
where a man has genius he is ruined by the in-<br />
ducement to hasty work. The corresponding<br />
harm to the public is obvious.<br />
Mr. Howells, who has just returned from<br />
Europe, said while abroad that there was no one<br />
in this country whose good opinion was like that<br />
of Mr. Gladstone, able to make a reputation, and<br />
that Lowell's opinion in his closing years would<br />
have done more in that way than any other.<br />
Seeking the reason for this truth, the Nation<br />
thinks that it is because criticism here is too<br />
gentle, and that Mr. Lowell's influence lay largely<br />
in his freedom from the fault of indiscriminate<br />
praise, which is surely an explanation altogether<br />
insufficient to explain the lack of strong criticism<br />
here—-ather the effect than the cause.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 211 (#645) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
211<br />
One queBtion that might with profit be dis-<br />
cussed fully in this country is the ethics of<br />
editing, which has received such thorough treat-<br />
ment from The Author. The degree to which<br />
some of the magazine editors change the words<br />
and ideas in signed articles, not only in those<br />
written by the less known men, but often in<br />
those written by some of the most prominent<br />
authors in the world is very marked. It would<br />
not he safe for me to give the facts too specifically.<br />
A subject about which I have found marked<br />
differences of opinion lately is that of dating<br />
books. One writer of long experience held that<br />
in publishing a book of essays it was decidedly<br />
better to date each essay, in order that the earlier<br />
ones might be recognised as not the latest<br />
product of the author's mind. Another man,<br />
of equal ability and almost equal experience, said<br />
that to date the essays, or in any way, as by an<br />
acknowledgment in the front of the book, to show<br />
that they had been published, would injure the<br />
sale, so strong is the desire for " something new."<br />
The literary success of the last few weeks in<br />
New York belongs to England. The enthusiasm<br />
with which intelligent people have received " The<br />
Princess and the Butterfly" is as much due to<br />
Mr. Pinero'8 literary qualities as to the dramatic<br />
ones. There is no doubt that the play has made<br />
a stronger impression on the minds of the intelli-<br />
gent people of New York than anything else<br />
which has been given here this year.<br />
Norman Hapoood.<br />
NOTES AND NEWS.<br />
THE Speaker once more kindly devotes two or<br />
three columns of abuse to this Society. It<br />
appears that we contain few men of recog-<br />
nised standing: that we are run by a small clique<br />
of busybodies: that we claim to determine the<br />
conditions upon which books shall be sold: that<br />
nine-tenths of the known authors of the country<br />
know nothing about the Society: that it is the<br />
desire of the Society to establish a fixed royalty<br />
for the author: that our Report on the Discount<br />
System is a masterpiece of inconsequential<br />
reasoning: and so on. Of course they put<br />
my name forward as the supposed leader in<br />
all this wickedness: to that I am quite accus-<br />
tomed. It is the old trick of representing the<br />
Society as consisting of one man. I only<br />
wonder that they ever allow any others to be<br />
connected with it at all. There are others, how-<br />
ever: the writer acknowledges so much, though,<br />
as he assures his readers, my friends, like myself,<br />
only " cater for the middle class." This is a very<br />
terrible charge. How is one to get out of it?<br />
Since, however, the middle class of this country<br />
furnishes the great bulk of readers: since from<br />
the middle class come all our men of science,<br />
of art, of literature; all our preachers, most<br />
of our leaders, all our engineers, lawyers,<br />
merchants—in fact, all the people who ever do any-<br />
thing— I really see no disgrace in "catering"<br />
for them. The Speaker, of course, " caters " for<br />
the aristocracy alone. I wonder how it is done.<br />
However, the true meaning of all this wrath<br />
presently appears when the writer wanders from<br />
his subject in order to talk about royalties. It is<br />
the increase of the royalty which inspires this real<br />
and genuine indignation. Now, it is certainly not<br />
true, as the writer says, that we have ever advo-<br />
cated a fixed royalty. We have, however, pub-<br />
lished the meaning of royalties—what they give to<br />
authors and what they give to publishers. These<br />
truths have given a great deal of dissatisfaction.<br />
It is undoubted that, thanks to the action of the<br />
Society, royalties have very greatly advanced; it<br />
is also true that certain publishers who used to<br />
offer a sweating royalty, say, of 5 per cent., have<br />
had to treble, and more than treble, their terms,<br />
or else to see books taken elsewhere. Other little<br />
trifles have also been secured to the author, such<br />
as dramatic rights, American rights, Continental<br />
rights, through the action of the Society in pub-<br />
lishing the facts of the case.<br />
Authors, again, have been kept out of certain<br />
hands to the great loss and detriment of those<br />
hands: light has been poured upon the meaning<br />
of production and its cost. In this way it is<br />
possible that dividends may have fallen in this or<br />
that company. Such a consideration suggests a<br />
very simple explanation if a paper should happen<br />
to be controlled by a publishing house. But, if<br />
the Speaker can reason at all on the subject, one<br />
would ask if any purpose is gained by all this<br />
invective? Is the Society one whit the worse for<br />
these attacks \ I believe not. Never has any associa-<br />
tion been more savagely attacked than the Society of<br />
Authors. Yet it is larger, stronger, and of better<br />
repute to-day than ever before. And the editor<br />
of the Speaker may ask himself if, by any of his<br />
previous attacks upon the paper, he has injured the<br />
Society in the slightest way? And we may ask,<br />
generally, all these persons, publishers or other-<br />
wise, who attack the Society, whether they find<br />
their own position improved by these attacks?<br />
And we may ask the whole world whether authors,<br />
like other people, are prepared to give up an asso-<br />
ciation which has so enormously advanced their<br />
own interests? .<br />
Let us remind our members that ten or twelve<br />
years ago a 10 per cent, royalty was the utmost<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 212 (#646) ############################################<br />
<br />
212<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
ever offered. Generally it was less—a 5 per<br />
cent, with something down. A certain very<br />
popular novel was once given to a publisher for<br />
.£50 in advance and a 5 per cent, royalty. That<br />
author's terms would now be 25 per cent. Look<br />
at the difference on a sale of a thousand.<br />
On a 5 per cent, royalty .£15 per thousand<br />
copies.<br />
On a 25 per cent, royalty ,£75 per thousand<br />
copies.<br />
On a sale of fifty thousand—it was more than<br />
that—there was a difference — clear gain — of<br />
£3000. And this is evidently the work of the<br />
Society which was the first to investigate the<br />
meaning of the figures and the corresponding<br />
meaning of royalties. Take, however, a more<br />
common case, the old royalty of 10 per cent,<br />
compared with that of 25 per cent.<br />
On 10 per cent, the sum of ,£30 for every<br />
thousand copies.<br />
On 25 per cent, the sum of J675 for every<br />
thousand copies.<br />
On a sale of fifty thousand—I repeat that the<br />
book in question was very popular—the author is<br />
a gainer of £1250. As to other services of the<br />
Society, we may speak of them at another time.<br />
Let the reader only consider that if the Society<br />
were to become extinct these figures would very<br />
speedily be lost and forgotten—and the old con-<br />
dition of things would be restored.<br />
I have before me certain remarks upon our<br />
estimates and figures in a new paper of which<br />
this is only the second number. It is called the<br />
Qtiilldriver. The writer speaks well of the<br />
Society, but complains that in The Author young<br />
writers are led to believe that the average circu-<br />
lation of a novel is 3000. Not so: the average<br />
is not spoken of; in preparing these figures we<br />
have nothing to do with the average, we have to<br />
deal with the possibilities. In dealing with, or<br />
speaking of, literary property we must consider<br />
actual, substantial literary property — which<br />
means the achievement of popularity: we must<br />
prepare agreements for possibilities — never,<br />
perhaps, to be realised, yet always possible.<br />
That is the meaning of our figures. When we<br />
assume a circulation of 3000 it is in order to<br />
provide for the possibility of that number. Nor<br />
can I believe that anyone is so foolish as to<br />
think that the majority of novels do actually<br />
attain this figure. When a young barrister enters<br />
upon his profession he considers the prizes:<br />
the great practice possible: the great reputa-<br />
tion; he then lays himself out, so to speak, for<br />
the attainment of this great practice: he does not<br />
consider the many failures which are, of course,<br />
possible for him as for any other. So a young<br />
writer should, and does, consider the great<br />
prizes open to him, though he may never arrive<br />
at them. That is, again, the meaning of the<br />
thousands introduced into our figures.<br />
The writer before me goes on to say that he<br />
has made a list of 150 writers well known to the<br />
public; that he applied to their publishers for<br />
information as to the circulation of their books;<br />
and that this information was actually supplied!<br />
This is a most wonderful thing. Publishers are<br />
confidential agents; they have no more right to<br />
reveal the secrets of their authors than lawyers<br />
those of their clients. It is conceivable that such<br />
a revelation might damage a writer very seriously,<br />
say, when one of deserved name and reputation<br />
was found to enjoy a very limited circulation.<br />
However, for some unknown consideration, all the<br />
publishers of the Hundred and Fifty are said to<br />
have betrayed their trust, and to have given the<br />
information asked for. The average circulation<br />
of the lot, says my writer, was 4535 volumes.<br />
Yes, perhaps. But is this the average of the<br />
whole army of novelists? Can it be considered<br />
as even approximately the average? Let us just<br />
examine the figures. There were 150 novelists<br />
selected; their average was 4535. This represents<br />
no more than 68,025 volumes. Consequently<br />
it cannot include Hall Caine, whose last novel<br />
circulated to the tune of 150,000 copies at least.<br />
Put him in: the average rises to 1444 copies for<br />
every one of the 151. Nor does it include<br />
Rider Haggard, whose most successful story<br />
means at least 120,000. Add Eider Haggard<br />
and the average for 152 goes up to 2224. Add<br />
"Treasure Island" with, I believe, 80,000, and<br />
the average for 153 is 2732. Add Marie Corelli<br />
with 80,000 (say) and the average goes up to<br />
3234 for 154. Putin adozen others with a circula-<br />
tion of only 10,000 each and the average for 166<br />
amounts to 3723. With these figures before us<br />
it becomes evident that the figures quoted cannot<br />
represent an average, which must include the<br />
successful as well as the unsuccessful: and that<br />
if, in The Author, we were to claim 3000 as an<br />
average we might perhaps be justified. We do<br />
not, however, advance any such claim. We are<br />
quite prepared to admit that most novelists fail<br />
to catch the public ear: in all professions it is<br />
only the small minority that succeeds; we are<br />
also prepared to admit that if we take the lower<br />
half of living novelists their average is very small.<br />
But then the lower half includes the unhappy<br />
people who believe that by paying for production<br />
they pay for publication, and that a printed book<br />
is a published book, and that every novel is a<br />
mine of gold.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 213 (#647) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
The report of the Sub-Committee to consider<br />
the proposals made by certain publishers for the<br />
enslaving of the bookseller has been received by<br />
the world with apparent satisfaction. Our own<br />
members, with one exception, have not expressed<br />
any dissatisfaction at the result of the inquiry.<br />
The one exception sent a letter to the secretary,<br />
which he also forwarded to the Publishers' Asso-<br />
ciation. It is printed in another column. One<br />
would not deny to every member the right to his<br />
own opinion; but in cases where, as in that lately<br />
before us, the independence of literature, the<br />
dignity of men and women of letters, and their<br />
material interests, were all together threatened<br />
under cover of coercing booksellers: when, under<br />
the same pretence, it was sought to raise the price<br />
of books upon a public which already pays too<br />
much: in such a case it is above all things neces-<br />
sary that authors should stand together, and that<br />
they should sink their individual opinion and<br />
think only of the general good. That means that<br />
they should accept the decision of the Committee,<br />
which alone, remember, was able to hear the<br />
evidence.<br />
Mr. Cunningham says that the decision was<br />
arrived at by adhering to old arguments. That is not<br />
a correct statement of the case. The whole report<br />
has been published in this paper, so that readers<br />
may judge for themselves. Weight was certainly<br />
given to the opinions of the men of 1852—distin-<br />
guished men—all of whom have a right to be<br />
considered, even fifty years after the event. But<br />
the Committee were chiefly guided by the evidence<br />
before them, rather than by the arguments of 18 5 2;<br />
they learned and recognised the absolute impos-<br />
sibility of coercion: the degradation of the book-<br />
seller, who, if the proposed plan succeeded, would<br />
become a mere clerk and servant of the publisher:<br />
and the absolute certainty that the next step would<br />
be the degradation of the author. Indeed, the<br />
Times, in making a precis of the report, left out<br />
altogether the statement of the case in 1852, so<br />
little importance was attached by their reader to<br />
that part of the report.<br />
Mr. Cunningham disagrees with the report.<br />
That is to be lamented; but everyone must form<br />
his own opinion. He then, after acknowledging<br />
the valuable aid which he has received from the<br />
Society, withdraws from membership. This step<br />
shows that he has not the least esprit de corps,<br />
and that he owes no sense of duty or of brother-<br />
hood to others engaged in literary work. How<br />
could the Society have assisted or advised him but<br />
for the association of a great many who by their<br />
collective subscriptions enable us to provide offices,<br />
collect cases, get legal advice, and maintain a<br />
staff? How can such a Society be kept up if every<br />
member who disagrees with a report or with the<br />
action of the Committee immediately withdraws?<br />
Surely a certain amount of loyalty is required in<br />
the defence and the advancement of every cause—<br />
in our case more than any other, on account of<br />
the fierce resentment which has always met it on<br />
every side, and the unscrupulous falsehoods with<br />
which it is constantly assailed. The first thing<br />
necessary, however, is the feeling that every<br />
writer ought to support the Society not so much<br />
for the assistance which he may receive, or for<br />
gratitude for the assistance which he has received,<br />
so much as for the solid work which the Society<br />
has rendered to the material interests of litera-<br />
ture, and for the assistance which it is constantly<br />
giving to writers in trouble or in doubt. To do<br />
this effectively, we ought to have at least 2000<br />
members—that is, 600 more than our present<br />
number. .<br />
Literary men will do well to take legal advice<br />
before accepting employment under the city of<br />
New York, if the experience of Mr. Charles Burr<br />
Todd, the historian of the city, counts for any-<br />
thing. In 1895 the Common Council was desirous<br />
of printing the early records of Dutch Man-<br />
hattan and English New York which were<br />
stored in ancient safes in the city library, and<br />
were fast going to pieces with age and handling.<br />
The Mayor appointed a committee to superintend<br />
their publication, the members of which previous<br />
to appointment met the Mayor in his office, and<br />
agreed to serve without pay provided they could<br />
have a secretary and editor to do the work, who<br />
should be paid, and they named Mr. Todd as such<br />
editor. The Mayor said he had wished Mr. Todd<br />
on the committee, but it was pointed out that the<br />
latter could not afford to serve without pay; to all<br />
of which the Mayor agreed. Mr. Todd was soon<br />
after appointed on the committee, and, with the<br />
understanding that he should be paid, accepted.<br />
Later the committee appointed him editor, agree-<br />
ing to pay him, though no sum was fixed. He<br />
served eight months and resigned, whereupon the<br />
committee voted him 150 dollars per month. The<br />
city refused to pay on the ground that the com-<br />
mittee were to serve for nothing, whereupon Mr.<br />
Todd sued for the amount. The case was tried<br />
before Judge Russell in the Supreme Court of<br />
New York, on Nov. 18, and the learned judge<br />
held that as Mr. Todd was a member of a com-<br />
mittee which was appointed to serve without pay<br />
he could recover nothing. Mr. Todd says that<br />
while this may be good law it is very poor equity<br />
and justice; that somebody laid a trap for him<br />
in order to get his services as editor for nothing,<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 214 (#648) ############################################<br />
<br />
214<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
and that altogether it is pretty small business for<br />
the second largest city in the world.<br />
He worked five years preparing his history of<br />
the city, for which he has received about one<br />
hundred and fifty dollars, and thinks if he per-<br />
forms other services for the city it should be<br />
willing to remunerate him. Waltee Be8ANT_<br />
A CHAPTER OF THE PAST.<br />
THE following extracts from Babbage's<br />
"Economy of Machinery " are interesting<br />
at present:—<br />
(295.) . . . "A powerful combination, of<br />
another kind, exists at this moment to a great<br />
extent, and operates upon the price of the very<br />
pages which we are now communicating informa-<br />
tion respecting it. A subject so interesting to<br />
every reader, and still more so to every manu-<br />
facturer of the article which the reader consumes,<br />
deserves an attentive examination.<br />
"We have shown in Chapter XX., p. 166, the<br />
component parts of the expense of each copy of<br />
the present work; and we have seen that the<br />
total amount of the cost of production, exclusive<br />
of any payment to the author for his labour, is<br />
28. tfd.<br />
"Another fact, with which the reader is more<br />
practically familiar, is, that he has paid, or is to<br />
pay, his bookseller six shillings for the volume.<br />
Let us now examine into the distribution of these<br />
six shillings, and then, having the facts of the<br />
case before us, we shall be better able to judge<br />
of the merits of the combination and to explain<br />
its effects.<br />
Distribution of the profits on a six-shilling hook.<br />
BayB at.<br />
Sells at.<br />
Profit on<br />
capital<br />
expended<br />
No. 1. The publisher, who<br />
s. d.<br />
s. d.<br />
accounts to the author for<br />
every copy received<br />
3 10<br />
4 2<br />
10 per<br />
No. 2. Bookseller, who retails<br />
cent.<br />
4 2<br />
6 0<br />
44 per<br />
cent.<br />
Or<br />
4 6<br />
6 0<br />
33i Par<br />
cent.<br />
"No. 1, the publisher, is a bookseller, he is in<br />
fact the author's agent. His duties are to receive<br />
and take charge of the stock, for whieh bo sup-<br />
plies warehouse room, to advise the author about<br />
the times and methods of advertising, and to<br />
insert the advertisements. As he publishes other<br />
books, he will advertise lists of those s^ld by him-<br />
self; and thus by combining many in one adver-<br />
tisement, diminish the expense to each of his<br />
principals. He pays the author only for the<br />
books actually sold, consequently, he makes no<br />
outlay of capital, except that which he pays for<br />
advertisements, but he is answerable for any bad<br />
debts he may make in disposing of them. His<br />
charge is usually 10 per cent, on the returns.<br />
"No. 2 is the bookseller, who retails the work<br />
to the public. On the publication of a new book<br />
the publisher sends round to the trade to receive<br />
subscriptions from them for any number of<br />
copies, not less than two. These copies are usually<br />
charged to the subscribers, on an average, at<br />
about 4 or 5 per cent, less than the wholesale<br />
price of the book, in the present case they pay<br />
4«. 2d. for each copy. After the day of publica-<br />
tion, the price charged by the publisher to the<br />
booksellers is 4*. 6d. Different publishers offer<br />
different terms to the subscriber, and it is usual<br />
after intervals of about six months for the pub-<br />
lisher again to open a subscription list, so that if<br />
the work be one for which there is a steady<br />
demand, the trade avail themselves of these oppor-<br />
tunities of purchasing at the reduced rate enough<br />
to supply their probable demand.<br />
(296.) "The volume thus purchased of the<br />
publisher at 4*. 2d. or 4*. 6d. is retailed by the<br />
bookseller at 6s. In the one case he makes a<br />
profit of 44, in the other of 33 per cent Even<br />
the smaller of these two rates of profit on the<br />
capital employed certainly appears too large. It<br />
sometimes happens, when a purchaser inquires<br />
for a book, the retail dealer sends across the<br />
street to the wholesale agent, and receives for<br />
this trifling service one-fourth part of the money<br />
the purchaser pays; and perhaps the retail dealer<br />
also takes six months' credit for the price which<br />
the volume actually costs him. It is stated that<br />
all retail books> Hers allow their customers a dis-<br />
count of 10 per cent, upon orders above .£20;<br />
and that, therefore, the nominal profit of 44 or 33<br />
per cent, is considerably reduced. H this is the<br />
case, it may fairly be inquired why the price of<br />
£2, for example, is printed upon the back of a<br />
book when every bookseller is ready to sell it at<br />
£1 16s.; and why those who are unacquainted<br />
with that circumstance should be made to pay<br />
more than others who are better informed?<br />
Another reason has been assigned for the great<br />
profit charged upon books, namely, that the pur-<br />
chasers take long credit. This is probably a fact,<br />
and, admitting it, no reasonable person can object<br />
to a proportionate increase of price. But certainly,<br />
it is equally clear that gentlemen who do pay<br />
ready money should not be charged the same<br />
price as those who defer their payments to a very<br />
remote period. In the country there is a greater<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 215 (#649) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
215<br />
appearance of reason for a considerable allowance<br />
between the retail dealer and the public, because<br />
the profit of the country bookseller will be<br />
diminished by the expense of the conveyance of<br />
the books from London; but even in this case it<br />
appears to be too large when compared with the<br />
rate of interest which capital produces in other<br />
trades.<br />
(297.) "That the profit in retailing books is<br />
really too large is proved by two circumstances:<br />
First, that the same nominal rate of profit<br />
existed in the bookselling trade for a long series<br />
of years, notwithstanding the great fluctuations<br />
in the rate of profit on capital invested in every<br />
other business; secondly, that until very lately a<br />
multitude of booksellers in all parts of London<br />
were willing to be satisfied with a much smaller<br />
profit, and to sell, for ready money, or at short<br />
credit, to persons of uudoubted character, at a<br />
profit of only 10 per cent., and in some instances<br />
even at a still smaller percentage instead of that<br />
of 25 per cent, on the published prices.<br />
"It cannot be pretended that this high rate of<br />
profit is necessary to cover the risk of the book-<br />
seller having some copies left on his shelves,<br />
because he need not buy of the publisher a single<br />
copy more than he has orders for; and even if<br />
he do purchase more at the subscription price, he<br />
proves, by that very purchase, that he himself<br />
does not estimate that risk at above from 4 to 8<br />
per cent. . It should also be remarked, that the<br />
publisher is generally a retail as well as a whole-<br />
sale bookseller; and that beside the profit which<br />
he realises on every copy sold by him in his<br />
capacity of agent, he is allowed to charge the<br />
author as if every copy had been subscribed for<br />
at 4«. 2d., and of course he receives the same<br />
profit as the rest of the trade for those retailed<br />
in his shop.<br />
(298.) "Now a certain number of the London<br />
booksellers have combined together. One of their<br />
objects is to prevent any bookseller from selling<br />
a book at less than 10 per cent, under the pub-<br />
lished price; and, in order to enforce this prin-<br />
ciple, they refuse to sell books, except at the<br />
publishing price, to any bookseller who declines<br />
signing their agreement. By degrees many were<br />
prevailed upon to join this combination; and the<br />
effect of the exclusion it inflicted left the small<br />
capitalist no option between signing or having his<br />
business destroyed. Ultimately nearly the whole<br />
trade, comprising about two thousand four<br />
hundred persons, have signed the agreement.<br />
"As might be naturally expected from an agree-<br />
ment so injurious to many of the parties to it,<br />
disputes have arisen, several booksellers have<br />
been placed under the ban of the combination,<br />
who allege that they have not violated its rules,<br />
and who accuse the opposite party of using spies,<br />
&c, to entrap them.<br />
(299.) "The origin of this combination has<br />
been explained by Mr. Pickering, of Chancery-<br />
lane, himself a publisher, in a printed statement<br />
entitled, ' Booksellers' Monopoly.'<br />
"The following list of booksellers has been<br />
copied from that printed at the head of each of<br />
the cases published by Mr. Pickering of the<br />
booksellers who form the committee for conduct-<br />
ing this combination: Allen, J., 7, Leaienhall-<br />
street; Arch, J., 61, Cornhill; Baldwin, R., 47,<br />
Paternoster-row; Booth, J.; Duncan, J., 37,<br />
Paternoster - row; Hatchard, J., Piccadilly;<br />
Marshall, R., Stationers'-court; Murray, J.,<br />
Albemarle-street; Rees, O., Paternoster-row;<br />
Richardson, J. M., 23, Cornhill; Rivington, J.,<br />
St. Paul's Churchyard; Wilson, E., Royal<br />
Exchange.<br />
(300.) "In whatever manner the profits are<br />
divided between the publisher and the retail<br />
bookseller, the fact remains, that the reader has<br />
paid for the volume in his hands 6s., and that the<br />
author will receive only 3s. ioe?.; out of which<br />
latter sum the expense of printing the volume<br />
must be paid, so that in passing through two<br />
hands this book has produced a profit of 44 per<br />
cent. This excessive rate of profit has drawn<br />
into the book trade a larger share of capital than<br />
was really advantageous, and the competition<br />
between the different portions of that capital has<br />
naturally led to the system of underselling, to<br />
which the committee above-mentioned are en-<br />
deavouring to put a stop.*<br />
"There are two parties who chiefly suffer from<br />
this combination—the public and authors. The<br />
first party can seldom be induced to take an active<br />
part ag linst any grievance; and, in fact, little is<br />
required from it except a cordial support of the<br />
authors in any attempt to destroy a combination<br />
so injurious to the interests of both.<br />
"Many an industrious bookseller would be glad<br />
to sell for 5«. the volume which the reader holds<br />
in his hand, and for which he has paid 6*.; and,<br />
in doing so for ready money, the tradesman who<br />
paid 4*. 6c?. for the book would realise, without<br />
the least risk, a profit of 11 per cent, on the money<br />
he had advanced. It is one of the objects of the<br />
combination we are discussing, to prevent the<br />
small capitalist from employing his capital at<br />
that rate of profit which he thinks most advan-<br />
* The monopoly cases, Nos. 1,2, and 3 of those published<br />
by Mr. Pickering, should be oonsulted; and as the pnblic<br />
will be better able to form a judgment by hearing the other<br />
side of the question, perhaps the chairman of the 00m-<br />
mittee (Mr. Richardson) would print those regulations<br />
respecting the trade, a copy of which Mr. Piokering states<br />
is refused by the committee even to those who sign thorn.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 216 (#650) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
tageous to himself; and such a proceeding is<br />
decidedly injurious to the public.<br />
(301.) "Having derived little pecuniary advan-<br />
tage from my own literary productions ; and being<br />
aware that from the very nature of their subjects<br />
they can scarcely be expected to reimburse the<br />
expense of preparing tbem, I may be permitted to<br />
offer an opinion which I believe to be as little<br />
influenced by any expectation of advantage from<br />
the future, as it is by any disappointment at the<br />
past.<br />
"Before, however, we proceed to sketch the plan<br />
of a campaign against Paternoster-row, it will be<br />
fit to inform the reader of the nature of the<br />
enemy's forces and his means of attack and defence.<br />
"Several of the great publishers find it con-<br />
venient to be the proprietors of reviews, maga-<br />
zines, journals, and even of newspapers. The<br />
editors are paid in some instances very hand-<br />
somely for their superintendence, and it is<br />
scarcely to be expected that they should always<br />
mete out the severest justice on works by the<br />
sale of which their employers are enriched. The<br />
great and popular works of the day are, of course,<br />
reviewed with some care, and with deference to<br />
public opinion. Without this the journals would<br />
not sell, and it is convenient to be able to quote<br />
such articles as instances of impartiality. Under<br />
shelter of this a host of ephemeral productions<br />
are written into a transitory popularity; and by<br />
the aid of this process the shelves of the book-<br />
seller, as well as the pockets of the public, are<br />
disencumbered. To such an extent are these<br />
means employed, that some of the periodical pub-<br />
lications of the day ought to be regarded merely<br />
as advertising machines. That the reader may<br />
be in some measure on his guard against such<br />
modes of influencing his judgment, he should<br />
examine whether the work reviewed is published<br />
by the bookseller who is the proprietor of the<br />
review, a fact which can sometimes be ascertained<br />
from the title of the book as given at the head of<br />
the article. But this is by no means a certain<br />
criterion, because partnerships in various publica-<br />
tions exist between houses in the book trade,<br />
which are not generally known to the public; so<br />
that, in fact, until reviews are established in<br />
which booksellers have no interest, they can<br />
never be safely trusted.<br />
(302.) "In order to put down the combination<br />
of booksellers, no plan appears so likely to succeed<br />
as a counter-association of authors. If any con-<br />
siderable portion of the literary world were to<br />
unite and form such an association; and if its<br />
affairs were directed by an active committee much<br />
might be accomplished. The object of this union<br />
should be to employ some person well skilled in<br />
the printing and in the bookselling trade, and to<br />
establish him in some central situation as their<br />
agent. Each member of the association to be at<br />
liberty to place any or all of his works in the<br />
hands of this agent for sale; to allow any adver-<br />
tisements or list of books, published by members<br />
of the association, to be stitched up at the end<br />
of each of his own productions, the expense of<br />
preparing them being defrayed by the proprietors<br />
of the books advertised.<br />
"The duties of the agent would be to retail to the<br />
public for ready money, copies of books published<br />
by members of the association. To sell to the<br />
trade, at prices agreed upon, any copies they may<br />
require. To cause to be inserted in the journals,<br />
or at the end of works published by members, any<br />
advertisements which the committee or authors<br />
may direct. To prepare a general catalogue of the<br />
works of members. To be the agent for any<br />
member of the association in treating respecting<br />
the printing of any work.<br />
"Such a union would naturally present other<br />
advantages, and as each author would retain the<br />
liberty of putting any price he might think fit on<br />
his productions, the public would still have the<br />
advantage of reduction in price produced by com-<br />
petition between authors on the same subject, as<br />
well as of that arising from a cheaper mode of<br />
publishing the volumes sold to them.<br />
(303.) "Possibly one of the consequences re-<br />
sulting from such an association would be the<br />
establishment of a good and an impartial Review,<br />
a work whose want has been felt lor several years.<br />
The two long-established and celebrated Reviews,<br />
the unbending champions of the most opposite<br />
political opinions, are, from widely different<br />
causes, exhibiting unequivocal signs of decrepi-<br />
tude and decay. The Quarterly advocate of<br />
despotic principles is fast receding from the<br />
advancing intelligence of the age, and the new<br />
strength and new position which that intelligence<br />
has acquired for itself demands for its expression<br />
new organs, equally the representatives of its<br />
intellectual power and of its moral energies;<br />
whilst, on the other hand, the sceptre of its<br />
Northern rival has passed from the vigorous<br />
grasp of those who established its dominion into<br />
feebler hands.<br />
"A difficulty has been stated that those most<br />
competent to supply periodical criticism are<br />
already engaged. But it is to be observed that<br />
there are many who now supply literary criticisms<br />
to journals whose political principles they disap-<br />
prove, and that, if once a respectable and well-<br />
supported Review* were established, capable of<br />
* At the moment when this opinion aa to the necessity<br />
for a new Review was passing through the press, I was<br />
informed that the elements of snoh an undertaking were<br />
already organised.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 217 (#651) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
217<br />
competing, in payment to its contributors, with<br />
the wealthiest of its rivals, it would very soon be<br />
supplied with the best materials the country can<br />
produce.f"<br />
ME. BALFOUR ON THE NOVEL.<br />
MR. ARTHUR J. BALFOUR, M.P., pro-<br />
posed the toast of "Literature" at the<br />
fourth annual dinner of the Sir Walter<br />
Scott Club, held in Edinburgh on the 20th ult.<br />
He said it was hard to believe there was a time<br />
when the world did without novels, and, in its<br />
own opinion, did well without novels. Like<br />
tobacco and the daily Press, novels had now<br />
become a general necessity. It was an interest-<br />
ing speculation to reflect what the future of the<br />
novel was to be. He took it that there was<br />
hardly any instance in literature of any sub-class<br />
of composition being cultivated with success for<br />
an indefinite period. The cause of decay was<br />
commonly to be found either in the habit of<br />
driving peculiarities to excess so that the whole<br />
species of composition seemed weighed down by<br />
its own exaggerations, or else dying away in a<br />
kind of senile imbecility and perishing slowly<br />
amid general contempt. An example of the first<br />
kind they found in the death of the Elizabethan<br />
drama, and of the second in that particular<br />
kind of literature of which Pope was the<br />
greatest ornament. But as to the novel, if<br />
there were any signs of decadence, peihaps<br />
they should look for it in the obvious difficulty<br />
which novelists now found in getting hold<br />
of appropriate subjects for their art to deal<br />
with. Scott, however, had not only his unique<br />
genius to depend upon; he had the specially<br />
good fortune to open an entirely new vein.<br />
Where was the modern novelist to find a new<br />
vein? Every country had been ransacked to<br />
obtain theatres upon which their imaginary<br />
characters were to show themselves. They had<br />
stories of civilised life, of semi-civilised life, of<br />
barbarous life. They had novels of the natural<br />
and the supernatural; they had scientific novels,<br />
and they had thaumaturgic novels. So hardly<br />
set were they for subjects that even the quint-<br />
essence of dulness was extracted from the dullest<br />
t It baa been suggested to me that the doctrines main-<br />
tained in this chapter may subject the present volume to the<br />
opposition of that combination which it has opposed. I do<br />
not entdrtain that opinion, and for this reason—that the<br />
booksellers are too shrewd a class to supply such an admirable<br />
passport to publicity. But, should my readers take a diffe-<br />
rent view of the question, they can easily assist in remedy-<br />
ing the evil by each mentioning the existence of this little<br />
volume to two of his friends.<br />
localities, and turned into a subject of artistic<br />
treatment. Yet there was one aspect of human<br />
nature, and perhaps the most interesting of all,<br />
which for obvious reasons had been very<br />
sparingly treated by the novelists—the develop-<br />
ment of character extending through the life of<br />
the individual. A novel seldom or never—not in<br />
one case in a thousand—attempted to take an<br />
individual and trace what in natural science<br />
would be called his life history. It would be<br />
very inappropriate and very unnecessary to dwell<br />
upon reasons why this biographical form of<br />
fiction was difficult—he would not say impossible<br />
—and he certainly did not venture to foretell that<br />
any artist would be found who would be able to<br />
overcome them. Whatever be the future of the<br />
novel, they might always console themselves with<br />
the reflection that every great literary revival had<br />
been preceded by a period in which no revival<br />
could by any possibility have been anticipated by<br />
the closest critics of the time. He doubted<br />
whether any contemporary of Sydney could have<br />
foreseen Shakespeare; he doubted whether any-<br />
body living in the Commonwealth was likely to<br />
have foreseen Dry den in his maturity. He felt<br />
sure nobody living in the time of Johnson could<br />
really have foreseen Wordsworth, Coleridge, and<br />
Scott. But though the provinces of literature<br />
were many, the kingdom of literature was one;<br />
however diverse were the fields, they all furthered<br />
one cause. He did not pretend that literature<br />
necessarily softened the manners or carried all<br />
the cardinal virtues in its train. But it was the<br />
greatest engine for the production of cultivated<br />
happiness. It was daily producing more innocent<br />
and refined pleasure in every class in every<br />
country where education was known than any<br />
other source of pleasure.<br />
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF AUTHORS.<br />
IN the recent " Memoir" the evidences given of<br />
good feeling toward America and Americans<br />
on the part of Lord Tennyson have been<br />
noted in the papers. To be sure, one might ask,<br />
"Why not r And yet there were special annoy-<br />
ances from American sources which must have<br />
been particularly trying.<br />
An American man of letters visiting England,<br />
years ago, spent some time not far from Fresh-<br />
water. Knowing many of Tennyson's American<br />
and English friends, it would have been natural,<br />
perhaps, for him to obtain an introduction; yet<br />
he even kept away from Tennyson's end of the<br />
Isle of Wight. Meeting once, in London, the<br />
younger son of the Laureate, he told him he could<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 218 (#652) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
tell his father that at least one American was not<br />
peering over his fences or shying stones at his<br />
Farringford chickens.<br />
The prying English tourist made himself a<br />
nuisance to the Laureate; but the tourist who<br />
came across the seas was, perhaps, a little more<br />
likely to be troublesome, owing to his greater<br />
enthusiasm and enterprise.<br />
But, however a sensitive bard may have resented<br />
intrusion upon his privacy, and whatever com-<br />
plaints of their inconsiderate countrymen some<br />
visiting Americans may at times have had to listen<br />
to, it is evident that good feeling for " kin across<br />
sea " was at the bottom of the poet's large heart.<br />
Some of his American friends are named in the<br />
book, but there were other American acquaint-<br />
ances, some of an earlier date than certain of<br />
those chronicled. There were Americans unknown<br />
to fame who met with warm welcome from the<br />
master of Farringford, and gained there a<br />
genuine, helpful, and lasting friendship.<br />
A pleasant chapter in the curiosities of English<br />
literature could be made of international literary<br />
relations—those between Scott and Irving, Emer-<br />
son and Carlyle, for instance. Such a chapter<br />
might include the friendship of American and<br />
English writers with individuals less distinguished<br />
of the opposite country. Some of the most inti-<br />
mate friends of the Brownings were Americans,<br />
and Lowell had English friends true and stead-<br />
fast.<br />
International relations of this kind do not<br />
depend upon any treaty; they ought to, and do,<br />
favourably affect the public opinion of the two<br />
countries. While writers on both sides have done<br />
much to fan the flames of unreasoned prejudice,<br />
men of letters, being often, fortunately, men of<br />
imagination, insight, and goodwill, have also stood<br />
for brotherhood, and not for the brutal inherited<br />
instinct of fight.— " Topics of the Time," Century<br />
Magazine Christmas number.<br />
PERSONAL.<br />
THE American Ambassador, Colonel John<br />
Hay, was the guest of the Omar Khayyam<br />
Club at its first dinner of the season, held<br />
in Frascati's Restaurant on Dec. 8, Mr. Henry<br />
Norman, the president, in the chair. His Excel-<br />
lency passed an eloquent eulogy upon FitzGerald's<br />
translations of the Quatrains. Omar was a Fitz-<br />
Gerald before the letter, or FitzGerald was a<br />
reincarnation of Omar. Each seemed greater<br />
than his work. Omar sang to a half barbarous<br />
province, FitzGerald to the world. Wherever the<br />
English speech is spoken or read the Rubaiyat had<br />
taken their place as a classic. He heard Omar<br />
quoted once in one of the most lonely and desolate<br />
spots of the high Rockies. Certainly, Omar could<br />
never be numbered among the great popular<br />
writers of all time. The suffrages of the crowd<br />
were not for the cool, collected observer, whose<br />
eye no glitter could dazzle, no mist suffuse.<br />
Mr. Augustine Birrell, Q-O, M.P., delivered an<br />
address at the Commemoration Service of Brown-<br />
ing, held at the Robert Browning Settlement,<br />
Walworth, on the 12th ult. The obscure poet of<br />
the obscure " Sordello," he said, had an influence<br />
on literature which was indescribably majestic.<br />
Like Carlyle and Tennyson, he never bowed the<br />
knee to Baal. Poverty they knew, and depression<br />
of spirit, but no one of them abated a jot or tittle<br />
of his pretensions, or ever asked the people what<br />
they wanted. Browning's religious belief was<br />
not attained through the dark and mystical<br />
passage of the Sacraments, but rather was the<br />
result of a firm belief in a personal God, and his<br />
strong faith in the soul of man. To call him a<br />
cheerful poet would be wrong. He was too well<br />
read in the literature of hell. But he was indeed<br />
a cheering poet.<br />
The Christmas dinner of the New Vagabond<br />
Club took place in Holborn Restaurant on the<br />
10th ult. The company was very numerous, and<br />
included many ladies. Mr. Israel Zangwill pre-<br />
sided, and Lord Charles Beresford was the<br />
particular guest.<br />
Lord Rosebery, speaking at the annual meeting<br />
of the Scottish History Society, suggested that<br />
there should be a book of those dignities which<br />
were conferred by the Stuarts after their depar-<br />
ture from England in 1689.<br />
Owing to the pressure of the Jubilee year, the<br />
committee charged with the project of a memorial<br />
to Robert Louis Stevenson in Edinburgh did not<br />
make an urgent appeal for subscriptions in the<br />
year just closed. They will now shortly do so.<br />
As to the form the memorial shall take, a<br />
monument in St. Giles's Cathedral and another<br />
on Calton Hill are suggested.<br />
Professor Masson, who for thirty years occupied<br />
the chair of English Literature in the University<br />
of Edinburgh, has been presented with his portrait<br />
painted by Sir George Reid.<br />
CORRESPONDENCE.<br />
I.—A Young Author's Gbievancb.<br />
IRECENTLY read some letters in The Author<br />
complaining of the time taken by editors in<br />
returning rejected MSS. Personally I have<br />
always found that rejected MSS. were returned<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 219 (#653) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
within a reasonable time, and it must be remem-<br />
bered that contributions sent in on chance are<br />
not invited. When, however, an editor has<br />
personally interviewed an author, and verbally<br />
arranged with him to accept a certain article for a<br />
certain number of a magazine, the author natu-<br />
rally looks for his article in—let us say, the<br />
number for June.<br />
The proof is sent to the writer some time in<br />
May, but on looking at the magazine in June he<br />
is often doomed to disappointment—at least if he<br />
is a young author feeling his way. None of his<br />
work appears. He calls on the editor, and is told<br />
that his article was "crowded out," but that it<br />
will appear in July. He looks again in the July<br />
number, but to no purpose.<br />
He is put off with the same excuse for three,<br />
four, or even six months.<br />
All this time he is obliged to stand out of his<br />
money. Of course such a thing could not<br />
happen to a well known man, but most of us<br />
must climb the ladder of fame by degrees. This<br />
is essentially a young author's grievance, and is<br />
felt by those who are entirely dependent on their<br />
pens. C. B. B.<br />
II.—The Published Peice.<br />
It is satisfactory to learn from Mr. Millar's<br />
letter in your last issue that the Dundee Adver-<br />
tiser, as well as Literature, the Literary World,<br />
and the Bookman, announces in the reviews<br />
themselves the prices of all b >oks reviewed. It<br />
may, perhaps, be hoped that this at present very<br />
rare practice may gradually become more general,<br />
and that publishers and authors will combine to<br />
encourage it by procuring the price to be marked<br />
on the binding, or a notification of the price to<br />
be sent out with the review copies, and by<br />
selecting as recipients of review copies those<br />
newspapers which adopt the practice.<br />
By the way, of the 379 "books of the month"<br />
catalogued in your last issue at page 198, I<br />
observe that no less than thirty-seven—about<br />
one-tenth of the whole—have no price affixed to<br />
them. How are the prices of the omitted thirty-<br />
seven to be ascertained? J. M. Lely.<br />
Dec. 20.<br />
BOOS TALE.<br />
ME. MACKENZIE BELL'S memoir of<br />
Miss Christina Rossetti will be pub-<br />
lished by Messrs. Hurst and Blackett<br />
early this month. Two offers of marriage, we<br />
are told, were made to Miss Rossetti, but the<br />
charming lady simply chose to be an "old maid."<br />
This volume will give for the first a little Italian<br />
"octave " written by her father, Gabriele Rossetti,<br />
in celebration of his " dear daughters" Christina<br />
a.nd Maria—" fresh violets, opened at dawn."<br />
Mr. Bell also records that Miss Rossetti and her<br />
brothers and sisters were accustomed to address<br />
their father invariably in Italian, his native<br />
language. Several portraits of the poetess will<br />
appear in the memoir, including, as frontispiece,<br />
a reproduction of the chalk drawing of his sister,<br />
which Dante Rossetti executed in 1866.<br />
The scene of Mr. Rider Haggard's new<br />
historical romance is laid in Holland in the days<br />
of William of Orange. He has also engaged to<br />
write for the Graphic a story of the Boers at the<br />
time of their great trek in 1836. It will be called<br />
"Swallow," and will commence in the above<br />
journal in the latter part of this year.<br />
Mr. Gilbert Parker has written a storv called<br />
"Mrs. Falchion."<br />
Mr. Max Pemberton has gone to the Balearic<br />
Isles, which will be the scene of his next<br />
story.<br />
Mr. E. L. Voynich, author of "The Gadfly,"<br />
is about to visit Austria in order to collect<br />
material for a work dealing with contemporary<br />
life there.<br />
Mr. Henry Seton Merriman has written for<br />
Harper's Magazine, beginning with the January<br />
number, a novel entitled " Roden's Corner."<br />
The score or so letters which passed between<br />
Emerson and Sterling, and which were briefly<br />
noticed in The Author a few months ago, are<br />
now to be published by Messrs. Gay and Bird<br />
in book form, edited by Edward Waldo Emerson,<br />
and entitled "A Correspondence between John<br />
Sterling and Ralph Waldo Emerson." The<br />
letters appeared during last year in the Atlantic<br />
Monthly.<br />
Mr. William Black has completed his new<br />
novel, and entitled it "Wild Eelin; otherwise<br />
called Eelin of the Eyes like the Sea Wave."<br />
It will begin its course as a serial this month.<br />
Miss Lilian Goadby is retelling the story of<br />
Homer's Iliad for bovs and girls. The book,<br />
entitled "The Wrath of Achilles," will be pub-<br />
lished shortly by Messrs. Edwin, Vaughan and<br />
Co.<br />
Mr. Anthony Hope has written a sequel to<br />
"The Prisoner' of Zenda," entitled "Rupert of<br />
Hentzau." It is now running serially in the Pall<br />
Mall Magazine.<br />
Miss Emily Lawless is publishing with Messrs.<br />
Methuen a volume of Irish stories, entitled<br />
"Traits and Confidences."<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 220 (#654) ############################################<br />
<br />
2 20<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
Mr. Bram Stoker has written the first story—<br />
"Miss Betty," a seventeenth century romance—<br />
for a new fiction series, which Messrs. C. Arthur<br />
Pearson and Co. are projecting. This series<br />
aspires to give in each volume six shillings' worth<br />
of material for half-a-crown. Mr. Stoker's<br />
volume will appear this month. Succeeding<br />
volumes, to be issued at monthly intervals, will be<br />
by Messrs. W. L. Alden, Clive Holland, Joseph<br />
Hatton, Douglas Sladen, George Griffith, Fred.<br />
Whishaw, and others.<br />
Miss Adeline Sergeant has completed a novel<br />
called "The Lady Charlotte " for publication by<br />
Messrs. Hutchinson shortly.<br />
Mr. Grant Allen has written a story entitled<br />
"The Incidental Bishop."<br />
Mr. William Le Queux is staying at Milan, and<br />
writing a novol to be called "Scribes and<br />
Pharisees."<br />
Mr. Robert H. Sherard is writing the story of<br />
the Dreyfus case for an American magazine.<br />
"David Lyall's Love Story" is a volume of<br />
Scotch idylls which Messrs. Hodder and Stough-<br />
ton are publishing immediately. There has been<br />
much speculation as to the identity of "David<br />
Lyall," the author of this work and of " The Land<br />
o' the Leal." We believe she is a sister of Annie<br />
Swan (Mrs. Burnett Smith).<br />
The Christmas number of Good Words con-<br />
sisted of a novel entitled " The Looms of Time,"<br />
by Mrs. Hugh Fraser. It will be published in<br />
book form by Messrs. Isbister during the spring.<br />
Mrs. de Courcy Laffan (" Mrs Leith Adams ") is<br />
writing a novel called " The Prince's Feathers: a<br />
Story of Leafy Warwickshire in the Olden Time,"<br />
and a story of public school life entitled "The<br />
Gift of God."<br />
"A Voyage of Consolation" is the title of a<br />
new story by Mrs. Everard Cotes.<br />
Mrs. Pendler Cudlip (" Annie Thomas ") has a<br />
novel, "Dick Rivers," about to be published by<br />
Messrs. F. V. White and Co. She is engaged<br />
upon another, to be called "Between the Devil<br />
and the Deep Sea," and also upon a group of<br />
stories for Messrs. Tillotson.<br />
Mrs. Lovett Cameron's new novel "Devil's<br />
Apples," will be published this month by Messrs.<br />
White.<br />
Mr. R. Andom has written of cycling incidents<br />
and misadventures in a volume entitled "Side<br />
Slips" which Messrs. Pearson will publish.<br />
"Scenes from the Suburbs " is another humorous<br />
work by the same author, which will be published<br />
by Messrs. Jarrold. The books will appear in<br />
the spring, the former illustrated by Mr. A.<br />
Frederick, the latter by Mr. A. Carruthers<br />
Gould.<br />
A volume of Stories from soldier fife, by Mr.<br />
E. Livingston Prescott, will be published this<br />
month by Messrs. Warne. The author has now<br />
in hand a romance (not military), entitled " Dearer<br />
than Honour."<br />
Mr. Archibald Forbes's "Life of Louis Napo-<br />
leon" will be ready about the middle of the<br />
month. It will contain, among other illustrations,<br />
a drawing of the house which, prior to 1848, the<br />
future head of the Third Empire occupied in<br />
London.<br />
Mr. Richard Kearton, F.Z.S., is writing a series<br />
of sketches and tales of open-air life in the North<br />
of England.<br />
Dr. W. G. Blaikie is writing the life of the late<br />
Principal David Brown, of the Free Church<br />
College, Aberdeen.<br />
Professor Max MUller's recollections of royalty,<br />
and of musical, literary, and social life, which<br />
have appeared in Cosmopolis, will be published<br />
shortly in a volume by Messrs. Longmans, Green,<br />
and Co., under the title " Auld Lang Syne."<br />
The features of Cosmopolis this year will<br />
include, in English, unpublished letters of John<br />
Mill and notes of Coleridge; in French, the<br />
letters of Emile Ollivier to Richard Wagner, the<br />
correspondence of Marshal Magnan, and the<br />
memoirs of the painter Ingres; and in German,<br />
further correspondence of Tourguenieff. Mr.<br />
Meredith has written three " Odes in Contribu-<br />
tion to the Song of French History," entitled<br />
"The Revolution," "Napoleon," "Alsace-<br />
Lorraine," which will appear in the numbers for<br />
March, April, and May.<br />
The manuscript of "In Memoriam," given by<br />
the poet to the late Sir John Simeon, has been<br />
presented by the Hon. Lady Simeon to the library<br />
of Trinity College, Cambridge, Tennyson's own<br />
college, to which he intended it should fall.<br />
A volume of sporting reminiscences by Mr.<br />
Thomas Haydon will shortly be published by<br />
Messrs. Bliss, Sands, and Co.<br />
Mr. R. Farquharson Sharp, of the British<br />
Museum, has compiled " A Dictionary of English<br />
Authors, Biographical and Bibliographical," being<br />
a compendious account of the lives and writings<br />
of 700 British writers from the year 1400 to the<br />
present time. Mr. George Redway will publish<br />
the work.<br />
English translations of two notable French<br />
works will be published shortly, simultaneously<br />
with the appearance of the originals in Paris.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 221 (#655) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
221<br />
These are M. Zola's new novel "Paris," trans-<br />
lated by Mr. Vizetelly; and M. Huysman's " La<br />
Cathedrale," whose translator is Mrs. Clara Bell.<br />
Mr. William Archer and Miss Diana White<br />
have completed their translation, from the<br />
Danish, of Dr. Georg Brandes's critical study<br />
of Shakespeare.<br />
The important work "Industrial Democracy,"<br />
upon which Mr. and Mrs. Sidney Webb have<br />
long been engaged, is to be issued by Messrs.<br />
Longmans on the 4th.<br />
Prince Henry of Orleans's book of travels,<br />
"Tonkin to India," is due this week from Messrs.<br />
Methuen.<br />
Sir Martin Conway's "Climbing and Explora-<br />
tion in the Karakoram Himalayas" (Unwin,<br />
1894) having been translated into French and<br />
published serially in the Tour du Monde, is now<br />
issued, abridged, in book form, by MM. Hachette<br />
et Cie. Several of Mr. A. D. McCormick's<br />
pictures to the work are reproduced in the French<br />
volume.<br />
A propos the teaching of English literature in<br />
schools, the Academy notes that a recent school<br />
edition of Carlyle's essay, " The Hero as Divinity"<br />
(George Bell and Sons) is composed as follows:<br />
Introduction, 90 pages; Carlyle's Essay, 42<br />
pages; Notes, 53 pages; Index, 4 pages. The<br />
essay thus forms about 22 per cent, of the whole,<br />
and our contemporary asks whether it is the<br />
powder or the jam.<br />
America sent over a story the other day, which<br />
had some appearance of actuality, telling of a<br />
popular music-hall artiste having been subjected<br />
to a kissing test. How many kisses could a<br />
woman stand? The limit of endurance was<br />
reached, if we remember the story rightly, at 547<br />
or thereabouts. Our brisk Chicago contemporary,<br />
the Chap-Book, on the other hand, has just been<br />
discovering what it calls "the most thoroughly<br />
kissed young woman in English fiction." This<br />
curiosity, it avers, is the heroine Birdalone in<br />
William Morris's posthumous romance "The<br />
Water of the Wondrous Isles." She is pissed<br />
eighty-six times according to the analysis of the<br />
Chap-Book—fifty-two by men, and thirty-four by<br />
women and children. Here is a summary and<br />
description of the men's kisses :—<br />
1 Merchant<br />
4 Peasants<br />
8 Servants<br />
Hands.<br />
Feet<br />
Face.<br />
Mouth.<br />
4 ...<br />
... 2 ...<br />
... 0 ...<br />
... 1 ..<br />
0 ...<br />
... 1 ...<br />
» ...<br />
... 0 ...<br />
6 ...<br />
13<br />
t<br />
3<br />
33<br />
Mr. A. C. Benson is writing a biographical<br />
history of Eton and leading Etonians.<br />
Mr. Edward Marston will shortly have ready<br />
another book on outdoor life. There will be an<br />
Edition de lujce. The publishers are, of course,<br />
Messrs. Sampson Low, Marston and Co.<br />
Mr. E. F. Benson is preparing for publication<br />
by Messrs. Methuen his story called "The<br />
Vintage," which has been appearing in the<br />
Graphic. It deals with the opening year of the<br />
Greek War of Independence in 1820.<br />
A new publisher. He is John Long, 6, Chandos-<br />
street, Strand. Mr. Long's programme is:<br />
"Fiction by popular authors; fiction by new<br />
writers of undoubted promise; works of travel;<br />
medical works; poetry that may appeal to the<br />
public."<br />
A re-edited and enlarged edition of Dickinson's<br />
"Glossary of Cumberland Words and Phrases"<br />
is to be published, by subscription, by Dr. E. W.<br />
Prevost, of Newnham, Glos. The work was origi-<br />
nally published by the English Dialect Society.<br />
Many words and phrases are being added in the<br />
re-issue.<br />
A special sub-committee of the Publishers'<br />
Association is considering the subject of title-<br />
pages.<br />
The late strike of printers in Edinburgh caused<br />
delay in the appearance of a number of books<br />
during the past month. One that has suffered<br />
postponement from this cause is the biography of<br />
the Prince of Wales, which Mr. Grant Richards<br />
now expects to publish early this month. The<br />
narrative is said to exhibit "a truly loyal and<br />
intelligent appreciation of His Royal Highness's<br />
career and his services to his country."<br />
The first representation of the play " Admiral<br />
Guinea," by Messrs. W. E. Henley and Robert<br />
Louis Stevenson, took place on Nov. 29 at the<br />
Avenue Theatre, London. It was produced by<br />
the New Century Theatre Company, and got a<br />
favourable reception. Immediately before the<br />
rising of the curtain Miss Elizabeth Robins<br />
delivered a prologue written for the oocasion by<br />
Mr. Henley, of which the following is a part:<br />
Once was a pair of Friends, who loved to chance<br />
Their feet In any by-way of Romance.<br />
They, like two vagabond schoolboys, unafraid<br />
Of stark impossibilities, essayed<br />
To make these Penitent and Impenitent ThieveB,<br />
These Pews and Oaunts, each man of them with his sheaves<br />
Of humour, passion, cruelty, tyranny, life,<br />
Fit shadows for the boards: till in the Btiifo<br />
Of dream with dream, their Slaver-Saint came true,<br />
And their Blind Pirate, their resurgent Pew<br />
(A figure of deadly farce In his new birth)<br />
Tap-tapped his way from Hades back to earth;<br />
And so, their Lover and his Lass made one.<br />
In their beat prose this Admiral here was done.<br />
One of this Pair sleeps Ull the crack of doom<br />
Where the great ocean-rollers plunge and boom,<br />
The other waits and wonders what his Friend,<br />
Dead now, and deaf, and silent, were the end<br />
Revealed to his rare spirit would find to say<br />
If you, his lovers, loved him for this Play.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 222 (#656) ############################################<br />
<br />
222<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
Mrs. Sara H. Dunn has written "Sunny<br />
Memories of an Indian Winter," which Messrs.<br />
Walter Scott Limited will publish.<br />
Mr. W. E. Henley has resigned the editorship<br />
of the New Review, which hereupon ceases to be<br />
a monthly magazine. Uncertain health and the<br />
necessities of his own literary work have com-<br />
pelled Mr. Henley's retirement. The Review,<br />
completely transformed, will appear shortly as a<br />
weekly journal, price 3c?.<br />
Mr. James Britten retires from the editorship<br />
of Nature Notes, which he has conducted for six<br />
years.<br />
Mr. E. Heron-Allen is translating Omar<br />
Khayyam's " Rubaiyat," from the original Persian,<br />
Many quatrains not hitherto translated will be<br />
included, and the original Persian text will also<br />
be given page for page. Messrs. H. S. Nichols<br />
and Co. are the publishers.<br />
Early in the year an illustrated book of<br />
"Allegories," by Dean Farrar, will be published<br />
by Messrs. Longmans, Green, and Co. He has<br />
in hand a more important work which will be<br />
called "Texts Rightly Interpreted."<br />
Gallant little Wales now comes in for its<br />
volume in the series of Stories of the Nations,<br />
published by Mr. Unwin. The writer of the<br />
history is Mr. Owen M. Edwards, Fellow of<br />
Lincoln College, Oxford. The same publisher<br />
will shortly issue a volume entitled " The Welsh<br />
People," consisting of a series of essays, by Pro-<br />
fessor Rhys and Mr. Brynmor Jones, on the<br />
history, antiquities, ancient laws and customs, and<br />
the social characteristics of Wales.<br />
Mr. Oscar Browning is to write a life of Charles<br />
XII. of Sweden, which Messrs. Hurst and<br />
Blackett will publish. The same writer's Life<br />
of Peter the Great is on the point of publication<br />
by Messrs. Hutchinson and Co.<br />
A century and a half is a long life for a news-<br />
paper. The Aberdeen Journal first appeared on<br />
Jan. 5, 1748, so that in a day or two it will have<br />
completed its 150th year. Some time ago it<br />
published a pamphlet recording its life-history.<br />
It was founded by a fellow-apprentice of Benjamin<br />
Franklin; its conductors bore an exciting patt in<br />
the romantic rebellion of '45; it chronicled the<br />
visit of Dr. Johnson and Boswell to Aberdeen<br />
and the north; and its office was visited by<br />
Robert Burns. In the United Kingdom only<br />
four other daily newspapers of to-day can call up<br />
a longer flight of years than the Aberdeen Journal.<br />
They are Leeds Mercury (1718), Bristol Times<br />
and Mirror (1735), Be/fast News Letter (1737),<br />
and Birmingham Gazette (1741). The oldest<br />
existing newspaper in the world is the Gazette de<br />
France (1631), for which Louis XIII. wrote an<br />
article.<br />
Mr. Inderwick W. Foster has published<br />
(Biscoke and Son, Richmond) a Bibliography<br />
of Lawn Tennis (1874-1897). The work contains<br />
titles and particulars of nearly 250 books,<br />
pamphlets, <fec, on the game of lawn tennis.<br />
Professor Buchheim, who has already contri-<br />
buted two popular volumes to Macmillan's " Golden<br />
Treasury Series," viz., "Deutsche Lyrike" and<br />
"Balladen und Romanzen," will shortly add a<br />
third volume, entitled, "Heine's Lieder und<br />
Gedichte," selected, and edited with notes and an<br />
introduction. We also hear that the professor,<br />
who, by-the-bye, has recently received the honorary<br />
degree of M.A. from the University of Oxford, is<br />
engaged on a monograph treating of the attempts<br />
made in this country and America to popularise<br />
Heine as a poet and a prose writer.<br />
Mr. Rider Haggard, at the request of the Com<br />
mittee of Management, has writteu a Christmas<br />
appeal for the Victoria Hospital for Children at<br />
Chelsea. It is called "A Visit to the Victoria<br />
Hospital."<br />
The Daily Chronicle has discovered a new<br />
poet—Mr. Henry Newbolt (London: Elkin<br />
Matthews, ii.) I have sent for a copy of his<br />
poems. Meantime, I venture to extract one poem<br />
from the columns of the Daily Chronicle in the<br />
belief that it will send all our readers straight<br />
to their booksellers to order a copy.<br />
DRAKE'S DRUM.<br />
Drake he was a Devon man, an' ruled the Devon seaa<br />
(Capten, art tha sleepin' there below P),<br />
Rovin' tho' his death fell, he went wi' heart at ease,<br />
An' dreamin' arl the time 0' Plymouth Hoe.<br />
"Take my drum to England, hang et by the shore,<br />
Strike et when your powder's runnin' low;<br />
If the Dons sight Devon, I'll qnit the port o' Heaven,<br />
An' drum them up the Channel as we drummed them long<br />
ago."<br />
Drake he's in his hammock an' a thousand mile away,<br />
(Capten, art tha sleepin' there below ?),<br />
Slung atween the round shot in Nombre Dios Bay,<br />
An' dreamin' arl the time o' Plymouth Hoe.<br />
Yarnder lames the island, yarnder lie the ships,<br />
Wi' sailor lads a-danoin' heel-an'-toe,<br />
An' the shore-lights flashin', an' the night-tide dashin',<br />
He sees et arl so plainly as he saw et long ago.<br />
Drake lies in his hammock till the great Armadas oome,<br />
(Capten, art tha sleepin' there below P),<br />
Slung atween the round shot, listenin' for the drum,<br />
An' dreamin' arl the time o' Plymouth Hoe.<br />
Call him on the deep sea, call him np the Sound,<br />
Call him when ye sail to meet the foe;<br />
Where the old trade's plyin' an' the old flag flyin',<br />
They shall find him ware an' wakin', as they found him<br />
long ago.<br />
Early this year Sir Charles Alexander Gordon's<br />
"Recollections of Thirty-uine Years in the Army"<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 223 (#657) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
223<br />
will be published by Messrs. Swan Sonnenschein.<br />
Sir Charles was in the Mutiny, with Lord Elgin<br />
in China, and in Paris during the siege.<br />
A new edition of Whitman is to be published<br />
by Messrs. Putnam, with thirteen short poems<br />
that did not appear in the edition prepared by<br />
the poet shortly before his death. "Though you<br />
have put the finishing touches on the 'Leaves,'"<br />
said one of his friends to Whitman, " you will go<br />
on living a year or two longer and writing more<br />
poems. The question is, what will you do with<br />
these poems when the time comes to fix them in<br />
the volume?" "I am not unprepared," said<br />
Whitman, and I have a title in reserve—' Old Age<br />
Echoes'—applying not so much to things as to<br />
echoes of things reverberant, an aftermath."<br />
A translation of the Italian masterpiece, the<br />
"Pecorone" of Ser Giovanni Fiorentino, has<br />
just been published by Messrs. Lawrence and<br />
Bullen. Although it was published in 1558, this<br />
novel has never before been done into any tongue.<br />
The translation will be by Mr. W. G. Waters,<br />
and illustrations will be by Mr. E. R. Hughes,<br />
R.W.S.<br />
Here is a tale of literary appropriation from<br />
America. Mr. George Cable has been correcting<br />
an American editor as to the authorship of a<br />
certain poem. The editor had credited it to some<br />
one named George Cooper, but Mr. Cable recog-<br />
nised the poem, and wrote to the editor as<br />
follows:<br />
I have an impression that it was Coopered by quite<br />
another George. My impression is that it was written by<br />
myself twenty-seven years ago, on the occasion of the birth<br />
of my first child. If yon can't take my word for it, I can<br />
show yon the child. I am not a frequent versifier, and<br />
never should have prized this bit if it had not immediately,<br />
upon its first publication (in the New Orleans Picayune),<br />
begun a mad career of getting stolen—like " Helen of Troy"<br />
and others. It is only three days since I wrote to a Chicago<br />
publishing house to say that it was not written by Mortimer<br />
M. Thompson, as accredited in a volume called "The<br />
Humbler Poets." Let me tell you, oven the humblest poet<br />
"will turn." And I wish my consoious or unconscious<br />
trespassers would give this much-stolen trifle a respite.<br />
Zounds, man! have I done nothing else worth stealing?<br />
It's mortifying.<br />
Mr. Walter Wood has completed and delivered<br />
to Messrs. Tillotson and Son, for serial publica-<br />
tion, a military story which deals largely with<br />
Frontier warfare. The story will run for about<br />
three months and publication is to begin at an<br />
early date. This is the second military serial<br />
which has been written of late for Messrs. Tillot-<br />
son by Mr. Wood, who has just published a series<br />
of short stories in To-day.<br />
The issue of the "Literary Year Book" for<br />
1898 will be edited by Mr. Joseph Jacobs. This<br />
annual, published by Mr. George Allen, now<br />
makes its second appearance. The editor this<br />
year has been assisted by two eminent bookmen,<br />
a popular novelist, and a well-known editor. Mr.<br />
Buskin's portrait will be the frontispiece.<br />
At the sale of the second portion of the library<br />
formed by the late Earl of Ashburnham, a remark-<br />
able price was paid for a Caxton. This is " Le<br />
Fevre (R.), a Boke of the Hoole Lvf of Jason,<br />
translated out of the French by William Caxton,"<br />
circa 1477, black letter, small folio, a rare Caxton<br />
book, one of the earliest productions of the press<br />
at Westminster. The whole of the volume is<br />
genuine throughout, sound, and clean. It was<br />
formerly Richard Heber's, and was sold in 1817<br />
for .£162 15s., afterwards for .£95 11*., and at the<br />
Heber sale for £87. The late Earl bought it<br />
from Payne, the bookseller. It now fetched the<br />
record price of .£2100, the purchaser being Mr.<br />
Pickering.<br />
Mr. John LI. Warden Page has written two<br />
papers, which he has also illustrated, for<br />
Travel. One is a description of the Great Fair<br />
of Nijni Novgorod, the other is callled " Up the<br />
Volga."<br />
The same author's new book on the "North<br />
Coast of Cornwall" (Simpkin, Marshall, and Co.)<br />
is now ready, with twenty-one vignettes by the<br />
author, and a map. The price is 6*. net.<br />
Her Majesty the Queen has been graciously<br />
pleased to accept a copy of Miss H. M. Burnside's<br />
volume of verses and ly rics, "Drift Weed"<br />
(Hutchinson and Co).<br />
Messrs. Nelson and Son have just published<br />
two stories for children, written by Miss Burn-<br />
side, entitled "The Little V.C." and "The Lost<br />
Letter."<br />
LITERATURE IN THE PERIODICALS.<br />
Authors, Publishers, and Booksellers. Leading<br />
articles: The Times, Deo. 6; Daily Chronicle, Dec. 4;<br />
Publishers' Circular, Deo. 11 ; The 8peaker (" A Question<br />
of Discount") Dec. 11. Letters: "Z" and "Economist"<br />
in Times, Deo. 4; "Country Bookseller" in Daily<br />
Chronicle, Deo. 27; "Z." in Daily News, Dec. 7; Mr.<br />
Frankfort Moore, Mr. Frederick Evans, and " A Publisher"<br />
in Chapman's Magazine for December.<br />
What the Trade Thinks. Interviews with Mr.<br />
Burleigh, Mr. Frederick Evans, and others, regarding<br />
Society of Authors' Committee Report on Discounts: Daily<br />
Chronicle, Deo. 6.<br />
BOOKBELLINO: A DECAYING INDUSTRY. Neville<br />
Beeman. New Century Review for January.<br />
Literary Grievances. From various standpoints.<br />
And leading article. Morning Post for Deo. 18.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 224 (#658) ############################################<br />
<br />
224<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
The Payment and Fostering) op Poetry. Glasgow<br />
Herald for Nov. 20.<br />
The Comino Litebabt Bevival. II. J. S. Tunison.<br />
Atlantic Monthly for Dooember.<br />
The Importation of German. Leslie Stephen.<br />
National Review for December.<br />
Commenting upon the "carefully-prepared<br />
report" of the Society of Authors' special Com-<br />
mittee on book-discounts, the Titnes agrees that<br />
"no compact can restore the country bookseller<br />
to his old position," and advises him to reshape<br />
his way of doing business and be to his customers<br />
more than a mere transmitter of orders. The<br />
contingency of an author publishing his books<br />
through a bookseller, through a printer, through<br />
a literary agent, or through a draper, the Times<br />
says " is not so very probable," although " there<br />
are authors powerful enough to defeat any<br />
attempt to fix the terms on which their books are<br />
to be sold." But, finally, our great contemporary<br />
states that " both authors and publishers are apt<br />
to overlook the interests and bias of the reader,<br />
who never was less disposed to fall in with<br />
proposals to put things right at his expense. For<br />
good books, which are rare, he does not probably<br />
pay enough, but for indifferent and ephemeral<br />
productions he is satisfied that he pays too much."<br />
The Daily Chronicle, in placing the facts and<br />
issues of the report before its readers, confesses<br />
also that it sees no way to an artificial enhance-<br />
ment of prices, and reads the country bookseller<br />
the lesson that if he would survive " he will be<br />
wise to lay to heart the suggestions made to him<br />
by the Society of Authors." In anticipating the<br />
concurrence of the Publishers' Association with<br />
the finding of the Committee, it observes that the<br />
relations between authors and publishers were<br />
never closer or more sympathetic than at the<br />
present moment; and "never was a mere author<br />
of the least merit so certain of a publisher and<br />
therefore of a chance to win for himself an<br />
audience ":<br />
Therefore neither publishers nor authors stand in need of<br />
any adventitious helps. The; would both oommit a fatal<br />
error if in an attempt to turn back the stream of irresis-<br />
tible economic forces, they tried to help a section of<br />
the retailers at the cost of the multitude of readers.<br />
"Economist," writing in the Times, thinks that<br />
if it is the interest of the author and the publisher<br />
to have their books on show in shops all over the<br />
country, surely the necessary steps ought to be<br />
taken by them and at their expense. As to any<br />
idea of restrictions upon the price at which a<br />
bookseller shall offer books to the public, we quote<br />
"Economist's " own words:<br />
The druggist is more necessary to the well-being of a<br />
country town than the bookseller, and, nowadays at least,<br />
he is usually a man more expensively educated. Yet he has<br />
to go outside his proper sphere, selling tobacco, hair-<br />
brushes, and any " fal-lals " that he can find room for. The<br />
reason is that the turnover even of his indispensable goods<br />
is not great enough to occupy all his time, or to furnish<br />
the inoome that he desires. The country bookseller merely<br />
suffers under a general disadvantage. It there are to be<br />
trade combinations to supply him with an inoome greater<br />
than the market affords, why not go back to pure medievalism<br />
and put on restrictions all round to make every tradesman<br />
happy.<br />
"A Country Bookseller" says that publishers<br />
could stop the anomalies to-morrow if they would<br />
forget the superstitious age and call twelve a dozen,<br />
giving to the poor what they give to the rich; if<br />
copyright publishers would sell five copies at the<br />
same rate each as twenty-five; and the non-copy-<br />
right man would sell twenty at the same rate<br />
as 200.<br />
We are assured by the Publishers' Circular<br />
that although " publishers have done all in their<br />
power to aid the retail trade," booksellers will not<br />
cease to agitate. Mr. Burleigh, the secretary of<br />
the Associated Booksellers, has said as much,<br />
indeed, to an interviewer. The booksellers—who<br />
are, of course, disappointed with the report—<br />
cannot give up the movement, he said, "unless<br />
they are to relinquish all prospects for them-<br />
selves." Mr. Frederick Evans spoke to the same<br />
effect. Mr. F. Stoneham, on the other hand, who<br />
represents the discount side of the trade, thought<br />
the report a very fair statement of the whole case.<br />
"It got together the essential facts governing<br />
bookselling, and, that done, its conclusions were<br />
inevitable." The recommendation of greater<br />
energy and enterprise in the bookselling trade is<br />
not, the Publishers' Circular considers, "to be<br />
taken seriously." The remaining criticisms<br />
which the organ of the publishing trade passes<br />
upon the report are contained in the following<br />
passage:<br />
Publishers are told they would do well to remember the<br />
development of the system of serial publication; in other<br />
words, they are asked to pay attention to a method of pub-<br />
lication whioh they have themselves called into existence<br />
and are carrying on. Collective wisdom could not go beyond<br />
that. Whether the bookseller can be converted into a news-<br />
agent, or the newsagent into a bookseller, readers may<br />
decide for themselves. It is true there are houses which<br />
now handle both books and newspapers in large quantities;<br />
but the results of a general adoption of the principle are, to<br />
say the least, a little doubtful.<br />
The Speaker acknowledges, in the name of the<br />
world, that the report is an "amusing document."<br />
Hasn't seen anything so amusing for a long<br />
time. The writer hurls at the Society of<br />
Authors, after some personalities, the state,<br />
ment that the whole question is one of<br />
money; and concludes with the assertion that the<br />
people of Great Britain begrudge every shilling<br />
which they spend upon literature, and the pro-<br />
phecy that"the middleman will disappear, leaving<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 225 (#659) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
225<br />
as his only memorial a thousand desolated homes,<br />
and the wholesale publishers will become more<br />
and more the masters of the great trade in<br />
books."<br />
Mr. Neville Beeman tells booksellers that they<br />
are chiefly responsible for their impecuniosity.<br />
They are incompetent to buy cautiously, and<br />
unable to sell in an intelligent manner. But in<br />
defence of the bookseller it must be said that<br />
many pitfalls are laid for him by those who<br />
should be his best friends. To take the author:<br />
he writes a good book; he becomes known by it;<br />
he is seized by the wicked literary agent, who<br />
"proceeds to make arrangements with as many<br />
publishers as possible, who are all keen to secure<br />
a rising man, and one fine morning the author<br />
wakes up to find he is bound to write so many<br />
words a day, whether he feels inclined or not, to<br />
fulfil the contracts which his master has concluded<br />
for him." Mr. Beeman uses the word "master"<br />
advisedly, his one objection to the literary agent<br />
("a useful and even necessary adjunct to the<br />
literary man") being that he is "master"<br />
instead of "servant." The author, then, having<br />
scored a success with his first book, proceeds to<br />
turn out hurried and slipshod work; meanwhile<br />
the bookseller, buying on the original reputation,<br />
finds himself saddled with dead stock. Moreover,<br />
"there is no device, however low, that an author<br />
will not stoop to in order to puff and advertise<br />
himself to the notice of the bookseller." Mr. A.<br />
rides on his bicycle in velvet knickerbockers and<br />
lace frills. Mr. B. always drinks toddy while<br />
writing. Mr. De Bow sends a notice to the<br />
papers saying that he is off to Monte Carlo to<br />
study up local colour, but Mrs. De Bow secretly<br />
divulges the fact that poor Mr. De Bow is<br />
really at the British Museum getting h*8<br />
local colour! The bookseller's grievance against<br />
the publisher is even more serious. "The<br />
bookseller has no one to blame so much for his<br />
present position than [sic] the publisher." In<br />
his selection of MSS. the publisher is guided, as a<br />
rule, by his readers, the greater number of<br />
whom — so Mr. Neville informs us — " are<br />
authors who have failed to make a living them-<br />
selves at writing." Readers, then, are full of cranks<br />
and fads in their choice of books. A publisher<br />
is perhaps unable to fill his autumn list with<br />
books of good merit, so he makes up with<br />
second-rate books. And as the publisher's<br />
traveller is persuasive, and the bookseller easily<br />
persuaded, the latter in the end is stocked up<br />
with books that do not suit him, and suffers a<br />
serious loss. A third sinner arraigned alongside<br />
the author and the publisher, is the Press,<br />
against whom Mr. Beeman makes charges in<br />
connection with reviewing. But we pass to the<br />
panacea which the writer suggests to the Book-<br />
sellers' Association:<br />
Instead of trying to mnlct the pnblio of extra pennies,<br />
which do the trade no good, and only drive away business,<br />
they should suggest to the publishers that they should<br />
Bupply a oopy of every new book to the Booksellers' Asso-<br />
ciation one clear fortnight before issue. The Association<br />
should appoint an expert to examine each book and<br />
report on its merits. Then to each member of the Asso-<br />
ciation a report would be sent, and, in the event of the<br />
book proving saleable, a short epitome of the plot should<br />
be printed on a leaflet for the bookseller's guidance. This<br />
would get over to a large measure, the item of bad stock.<br />
Following up Mr. Lang's article of the previous<br />
month, an author — Mr. Frankfort Moore — a<br />
publisher (anonymous), and a bookseller (Mr. F.<br />
Evans) give their views in Chapman's. Neither<br />
Mr. Moore nor Mr. Evans thinks that the reduc-<br />
tion of discounts to the public need necessarily<br />
mean a diminution of sales; and the publisher<br />
remarks that his class has nothing to gain by<br />
proposing to enforce " 2d. in the is.," but they<br />
wish to save the booksellers from ruin. An<br />
author, a publisher, and a critic air their re-<br />
spective grievances, by request, in the columns<br />
of the Morning Post, which devotes a leading<br />
article to their views. The author says the<br />
London publisher is " very much of a sheep; he<br />
lacks initiative." If one publisher gets a " boom"<br />
with a certain kind of novel, then nothing will<br />
serve either him or his publishing brethren but<br />
that kind of novel written by Tom, Dick, and<br />
Harry, till the reader is gorged. Publishers do<br />
not know how to advertise their books, and they<br />
do not offer them to the dying country bookseller<br />
on the principle of sale or return. The critic, too,<br />
is given over to a belief in fashions; and he is<br />
too generous to the established popular favourite,<br />
too grudgini; to the deserving writer who has<br />
not quite arrived. The critic, on his part, implores<br />
authors to lighten his labours by making their<br />
work either very good or very bad. Most of the<br />
books that come under his notice are pretty good,<br />
and he is overwhelmed by the the monotony of<br />
their average excellence. Finally, the publisher<br />
is on the whole well content except that he is<br />
troubled about the retail bookseller's condition.<br />
His remedy for this is suggested by the following<br />
confident conclusions: "To advertise a book at<br />
a fixed price and then to tell buyers privately that<br />
that is not the price is a sham and a delusion<br />
unworthy of our honourable calling. The price<br />
at which a book is published and advertised is<br />
the price the public should pay for it. The true<br />
solution is to fix a net price which the public<br />
must pay, and from which no bookseller can<br />
make any allowance whatever—and live. That is<br />
the conclusion of the whole matter." The Post<br />
finds the most interesting feature of these letters<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 226 (#660) ############################################<br />
<br />
226<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
the fact that the author and the publisher<br />
think poorly of the criticisms of the periodical<br />
Press, while the reviewer's complaint is merely<br />
that great works are rare, and bad work not so<br />
common as is supposed. It suggests that the<br />
general public would welcome "selection," and<br />
the practice of curtailing reviews of most books<br />
to a few words, saying whether they are worth<br />
reading or not. Anyhow, " there is evidently at<br />
present a magnificent opportunity for critics<br />
whose judgments can win the public confidence.<br />
To no man is a greater reward offered in the<br />
literary world than to him who can prove his<br />
judgment is so true and so fair that the public<br />
will be ready to read the books which he recom-<br />
mends."<br />
We noticed in this column some months ago<br />
the proposal of Mr. Le Gallienne that millionaires<br />
should endow the genuine poets of the country.<br />
He had thought, of course, of the State doing<br />
something, but abandoned the idea as hopeless,<br />
and turned persuasively to the millionaires, and<br />
offered them the opportunity of immortality by<br />
providing for the material wants of our singers.<br />
The Glasgow Herald, however, harks back to the<br />
State. The apathy of the public to poetry at the<br />
present day is very plain, and yet, says our<br />
Scottish contemporary, "there is probably no<br />
one among us that is so much of a Philistine or<br />
so pronounced a Platonist as to wish to see poetry<br />
starved out." To place all the proved poets<br />
of the day beyond the reach of want, and thus<br />
enable them to cultivate their poetical gifts with<br />
their whole mind, a not very extravagant annual<br />
sum would be required. The question arises,<br />
how to prove them; and here the Glasgow<br />
Herald writer sees the possible use of some body<br />
like the French Academy, which would raise the<br />
higher criticism from the slough of sheer com-<br />
mercialism into which it has fallen within the<br />
last quarter of a century. "If such a body were<br />
formed, the State would find in it, and ready to its<br />
hand, a committee of selection which would guide<br />
as to who are and who are not proved poets.<br />
Here, at all, events, is a suggestion for adding<br />
to the beneficent powers of the State which has<br />
in it no taint of Socialism."<br />
THE BOOKS OF THE MONTH.<br />
[Nov. 24 to Dec. 23.—299 Books.]<br />
Abcrnethy, J. S. Life and Work of James Abernethy, 0. E. 7/6.<br />
Abbott, Jones.<br />
Abney, Captain. Scientific Requirements of Colour Photography.<br />
1/- net. Frowde.<br />
Adye, General Sir J. Indian Frontier Policy. 3/6. Smith. Elder.<br />
Ainslie, Noel. Among Thorns, 6/'- Lawrence.<br />
Alcock, D. By Far Euphrates. A Tale. 5/- Hodderand Stoughton.<br />
Allen, A. M. Gladys in Grammarland. 8/6. Boxburghe.<br />
Andrews, W. (ed.). Bygone Durham. 7/6. Andrews.<br />
Anonymous. AH About Animals. For Old and Young. 10/6. NewneB.<br />
AnonjmouB. (" H. M." and " M. A. R. T."). Handbook to Chris-<br />
tian and Ecclesiastical Borne. Part 11. 5/- Black.<br />
Anonymous. The Official Guide to the Klondyke Country. 2/-<br />
Bacon.<br />
Anonymous. (" O. B. P."). The Soul in Paradise. Poem. 1/6.<br />
Church Printing Company.<br />
Anonymous. The Print Gallery. Reproductions of Eugravings<br />
from end of XVth to beginning of XlXth Century. Vol. I. 21/-<br />
Grevel.<br />
Anonymous. Victorian Art. Reproduction of Pictures. 91/6 net.<br />
Blades.<br />
Anonymous. MrB. Turner's Cautionary Stories. 1/6. Richards.<br />
Anst«d,A. A Dictionary of Sea Terms. 7/6. Upcott Gill.<br />
Armstrong, Jessie. Through Rosamund's Eyes. 3/6. Jarrold.<br />
Atlay, J. B. Trial of Lord Cochrane before Lord EUenborough.<br />
18/- Smith, Elder.<br />
Bacon, E. M. Chronicles of Tarry town and Sleepy Hollow. 5/-<br />
Putnam.<br />
Bain, R. Nisbet. The Pupils of Peter the Great. 1 6 - net Constable.<br />
Baldwin, J. H. Social and Ethical Interpretations in Mental Develop-<br />
ment. 10/- net. Macmillan.<br />
Baly, E. Eur-Aryan Roots, with their English Derivatives, Ac.<br />
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