| 269 | https://historysoa.com/items/show/269 | The Author, Vol. 05 Issue 05 (October 1894) | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%3Cem%3EThe+Author%3C%2Fem%3E%2C+Vol.+05+Issue+05+%28October+1894%29"><em>The Author</em>, Vol. 05 Issue 05 (October 1894)</a> | | | <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013732253" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013732253</a> | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Publication">Publication</a> | 1894-10-01-The-Author-5-5 | | | | | 113–140 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=89&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=5">5</a> | | | | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=76&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1894-10-01">1894-10-01</a> | | | | | | | 5 | | | 18941001 | C be El u t b or,<br />
(The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.)<br />
CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESA NT.<br />
VoI. W.-No. 5.]<br />
OCTOBER 1, 1894.<br />
[PRICE SIXPENCE.<br />
For the Opinions eaſpressed in papers that are<br />
signed or initialled the Authors alone are<br />
responsible. None of the papers or para-<br />
graphs must be taken as eaſpressing the<br />
collective opinions of the committee unless<br />
they are officially signed by G. Herbert<br />
Thring, Sec.<br />
HE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all<br />
remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and<br />
requests that all members not receiving an answer to<br />
important communications within two days will write to him<br />
without delay. All remittances showld be crossed Union.<br />
Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered<br />
letter only.<br />
Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on<br />
all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub-<br />
jects whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are<br />
returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS.<br />
*— - --><br />
g- > -º<br />
WARNINGS AND ADVICE.<br />
{. RAWING THE AGREEMENT.—It is not generally<br />
understood that the author, as the vendor, has the<br />
absolute right of drafting the agreement upon<br />
whatever terms the transaction is to be carried out.<br />
Authors are strongly advised to exercise that right. In<br />
every form of business, this among others, the right of<br />
drawing the agreement rests with him who sells, leases, or<br />
has the control of the property.<br />
2. SERIAL RIGHTS.–In selling Serial Rights remember<br />
that you may be selling the Serial Right for all time; that<br />
is, the Right to continue the production in papers. If you<br />
object to this, insert a clause to that effect.<br />
3. STAMP YOUR AGREEMENTs. – Readers are most<br />
URGENTLY warned not to neglect stamping their agreements<br />
immediately after signature. If this precaution is neglected<br />
for two weeks, a fine of £10 must be paid before the agree-<br />
ment can be used as a legal document. In almost every<br />
case brought to the secretary the agreement, or the letter<br />
which serves for one, is forwarded without the stamp. The<br />
author may be assured that the other party to the agree-<br />
ment seldom neglects this simple precaution. The Society,<br />
to save trouble, undertakes. to get all the agreements of<br />
members stamped for them at no ea pense to themselves<br />
eaccept the cost of the stamp.<br />
4. ASCERTAIN WHAT A PROPOSED AGREEMENT GIVES To<br />
BOTH SIDES BEFORE SIGNING IT.-Remember that an<br />
WOL. W.<br />
reservedly in his hands.<br />
arrangement as to a joint venture in any other kind of busi-<br />
ness whatever would be instantly refused should either party<br />
refuse to show the books or to let it be known what share he<br />
reserved for himself.<br />
5. LITERARY AGENTS.–Be very careful. Yow cannot be<br />
too careful as to the person whom yow appoint as yowr<br />
agent. Remember that you place your property almost un-<br />
Your only safety is in consulting<br />
the Society, or some friend who has had personal experience<br />
of the agent. Do not trust advertisements alone.<br />
6. CoST OF PRODUCTION.—Never sign any agreement of<br />
which the alleged cost of production forms an integral part,<br />
until you have proved the figures.<br />
7. CHOICE OF PUBLISHERS.–Never enter into any cor-<br />
respondence with publishers, especially with those who ad-<br />
vertise for MSS., who are not recommended by experienced<br />
friends or by this Society.<br />
8. FuTURE Work.—Never, on any account whatever,<br />
bind yourself down for future work to anyone.<br />
9. PERSONAL RISK.—Never accept any pecuniary risk or<br />
responsibility whatever without advice.<br />
Io. REJECTED MSS.—Never, when a M.S. has been re-<br />
fused by respectable houses, pay others, whatever promises<br />
they may put forward, for the production of the work.<br />
II. AMERICAN RIGHTS.–Never sign away American<br />
rights. Keep them by special clause. Refuse to sign any<br />
agreement containing a clause which reserves them for the<br />
publisher, unless for a substantial consideration.<br />
12. CESSION OF COPYRIGHT.-Never sign any paper,<br />
either agreement or receipt, which gives away copyright,<br />
without advice.<br />
13. ADVERTISEMENTS. – Keep some control over the<br />
advertisements, if they affect your returns, by a clause in<br />
the agreement.<br />
I4. NEVER forget that publishing is a business, like any<br />
other business, totally unconnected with philanthropy,<br />
charity, or pure love of literature. You have to do with<br />
business men. Be yourself a business man.<br />
Society’s Offices :—<br />
4, PORTUGAL STREET, LINCOLN's INN FIELDs.<br />
HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY,<br />
I. VERY member has a right to ask for and to receive<br />
advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub-<br />
lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his<br />
business or the administration of his property. If the advice<br />
sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member<br />
M 2<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 114 (#128) ############################################<br />
<br />
II 4.<br />
THE AUTHOR,<br />
has a right to an opinion from the Society’s solicitors. If the<br />
case is such that Counsel's opinion is desirable, the Com-<br />
mittee will obtain for him Counsel’s opinion. All this<br />
without any cost to the member. -<br />
2. Remember that questions connected with copyright<br />
and publisher's agreements do not generally fall within the<br />
experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple<br />
to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually<br />
engaged upon such questions for us.<br />
3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past<br />
accounts with the loan of the books represented. This is in<br />
order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree-<br />
ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively<br />
so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any<br />
agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor-<br />
mation thus obtained may prove invaluable.<br />
4. If the examination of your previous business trans-<br />
actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should<br />
take advice as to a change of publishers.<br />
5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro-<br />
posed document to the Society for examination.<br />
6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in<br />
the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks of every publish-<br />
ing firm in the country.<br />
7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you<br />
are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are<br />
reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing<br />
the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen-<br />
dence of the writer.<br />
8. Send to the Editor of the Awthor notes of everything<br />
important to literature that you may hear or meet with.<br />
*- - -º<br />
e- * -s.<br />
THE AUTHORS, SYNDICATE.<br />
EMBERS are informed :<br />
1. That the Authors' Syndicate takes charge of<br />
the business of members of the Society. With, when<br />
necessary, the assistance of the legal advisers of the Syndi-<br />
cate, it concludes agreements, collects royalties, examines<br />
and passes accounts, and generally relieves members of the<br />
trouble of managing business details.<br />
2. That the expenses of the Authors' Syndicate are<br />
defrayed solely out of the commission charged on rights<br />
placed through its intervention. Notice is, however,<br />
hereby given that in all cases where there is no current<br />
account, a booking fee is charged to cover postage and<br />
porterage.<br />
3. That the Authors' Syndicate works for none but those<br />
members of the Society whose work possesses a market<br />
value.<br />
4. That the Syndicate can only undertake any negotiation<br />
whatever on the distinct understanding that those negotia-<br />
tions are placed exclusively in its hands, and that all<br />
communications relating thereto are referred to it.<br />
5. That clients can only be seen by the Director by<br />
appointment, and that, when possible, at least four days’<br />
notice should be given.<br />
6. That every attempt is made to deal with the corre-<br />
spondence promptly, but that owing to the enormous number<br />
of letters received, some delay is inevitable. That stamps<br />
should, in all cases, be sent to defray postage.<br />
7. That the Authors' Syndicate does not invite MSS.<br />
without previous correspondence, and does not hold itself<br />
responsible for MSS. forwarded without notice.<br />
8. That the Syndicate undertakes arrangements for<br />
lectures by some of the leading members of the Society;<br />
that it has a “Transfer Department” for the sale and<br />
purchase of journals and periodicals; and that a “Register<br />
of Wants and Wanted * has been opened. Members anxious<br />
to obtain literary or artistic work are invited to com-<br />
municate with the Manager.<br />
There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services<br />
will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It<br />
is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the<br />
Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in<br />
the Syndicate.<br />
* - a -4°<br />
NOTICES,<br />
HE Editor of the Author begs to remind members of the<br />
Society that, although the paper is sent to them free<br />
of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very<br />
heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great<br />
many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest<br />
6s. 6d. subscription for the year.<br />
The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and<br />
communications on all subjects connected with literature<br />
from members and others. Nothing can do more good to<br />
the Society than to make the Author complete, attractive,<br />
and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this<br />
work send their names and the special subjects on which<br />
they are willing to write P<br />
Communications for the Author should reach the Editor<br />
not later than the 21st of each month.<br />
All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether<br />
members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate<br />
to the Editor any points connected with their work which<br />
it would be advisable in the general interest to publish.<br />
Members and others who wish their MSS. read are<br />
requested not to send them to the Office without previously<br />
communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable<br />
despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in<br />
which they are received. It must also be distinctly under-<br />
stood that the Society does not, under any circumstances,<br />
undertake the publication of MSS.<br />
The Authors’ Club is now open in its new premises, at<br />
3, Whitehall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary<br />
for information, rules of admission, &c.<br />
Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they<br />
have paid their subscriptions for the year P If they will do.<br />
this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker's<br />
order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the<br />
trouble of sending out a reminder.<br />
Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the<br />
warning numbered (8). It is a most foolish and may be a,<br />
most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding<br />
for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they<br />
would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five<br />
years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest<br />
or dishonest ? Of course they would not. Why then<br />
hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign them-<br />
selves into literary bondage for three or five years P<br />
Those who possess the “Cost of Production ” are<br />
requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15<br />
per cent. This means, for those who do not like the trouble<br />
of “doing sums,” the addition of three shillings in the<br />
pound on this head. In other words, if the cost of binding<br />
is set down in our book at eight pounds, to this must now be<br />
added twenty-four shillings more, so that it now stands at<br />
£9 48. The figures in our book are as near the exact truth,<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 115 (#129) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
115<br />
as can be procured; but a printer's, or a binder's, bill is so<br />
elastic a thing that nothing more exact can be arrived at.<br />
Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged<br />
in the “Cost of Production” for advertising. Of course, we<br />
have not included any sums which may be charged for<br />
inserting advertisements in the publisher's own magazines,<br />
or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too<br />
often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from<br />
sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket,<br />
hy inserting any number of advertisements in his own<br />
magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are<br />
who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those<br />
who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it.<br />
*- - --><br />
LITERARY PROPERTY.<br />
I.—MAYNARD, MERRILL, and Co., appellees, v.<br />
WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARRISON, appellant.<br />
May, 1894.<br />
(Before Judges WALLACE, LACOMBE, and SHIP-<br />
MAN, United States Circuit Court of Appeal.)<br />
Q(HIPMAN, C.J.-The complainant, Maynard,<br />
Merrill, and Co., a corporation duly created<br />
under the laws of the State of New York,<br />
and having its principal office in the City of New<br />
York, was, in June, 1893, the owner of the<br />
copyright of a book entitled “Introductory<br />
Language Work,” of which Alonzo Reed was<br />
the author, and which had been duly copy-<br />
righted by him in July, 1891, under the<br />
laws of the United States respecting copyrights.<br />
The complainant is a book publisher, and<br />
has been in the habit of sending the printed<br />
and unbound sheets of this book, and of other<br />
books which it published, to George W. Alex-<br />
ander's bookbindery, in the City of New<br />
York, to be stored there until it gave Mr.<br />
Alexander an order to bind a specified quantity,<br />
who would sometimes bind a lot in anticipation<br />
of such orders. On June 21, 1893, a destructive<br />
fire occurred in this bindery, the result of which<br />
was, as the complainant supposed, to destroy the<br />
commercial value of all the property which it had<br />
in the building.<br />
One of its employés, at its request, examined<br />
the débris and reported that there was nothing of<br />
value which the complainant could use in the<br />
manufacture or sale of books. Alexander there-<br />
upon sold the entire débris which had fallen into<br />
the cellar to one Fitzgerald, who resold it, with-<br />
out moving it, to some Italian dealers in waste<br />
paper, and in order to prevent them from using<br />
the paper and books for other purposes than<br />
paper stock, incorporated the following provision<br />
in the contract of sale: “It is understood that all<br />
paper taken out of the building is to be utilised<br />
as paper stock, and all books to be sold as paper<br />
stock only, and not placed on the market as any-<br />
thing else.”<br />
“The cellar was cleared of this class of mate-<br />
rial, and subsequently a quantity of damaged<br />
copies of “Introductory Language Work”<br />
appeared in the market, as owned and offered for<br />
sale by the defendant, William Beverley Harrison,<br />
a dealer in second-hand books, and a citizen of<br />
the State of New York and residing in the City<br />
of New York. The leaves of the books were dis-<br />
coloured and stained by smoke and water, but<br />
the covers had a respectable appearance, and the<br />
complainant supposed that the unbound sheets<br />
which had escaped the fire had been rebound by<br />
Barrison, or under his direction, or with his<br />
privity, and that he was selling such newly bound<br />
books, as well as some bound books which had<br />
escaped serious injury, and thereupon brought a<br />
bill in equity before the United States Circuit<br />
Court, to restrain his alleged infringement of its<br />
copyright. The bill counted entirely upon the<br />
right of the complainant under the copyright<br />
statutes of the United States. Upon its motion,<br />
the Court granted an injunction pendente lite.<br />
Harrison denies, in his affidavit, that he pur-<br />
chased any sheets or loose covers of the book.<br />
He further says, rather vaguely, that he “learned<br />
that certain dealers had come into possession of<br />
the salvage from the fire at said Alexander's<br />
place; that affiant visited the premises where<br />
said salvage was stored, and from them purchased<br />
a number of bound and completely finished<br />
volumes, some of which were the publications of<br />
the complaimant.” He further says that he “pur-<br />
chased the said books in the regular course of trade,<br />
without any knowledge of any understanding or<br />
arrangement, if any there was, between com-<br />
plainant and others, and that he accepted the<br />
same, as he believes, according to the established<br />
usage of the trade, believing them to be books<br />
which had been put upon the market as Salvage,<br />
as damaged books are bought and sold.”<br />
The affidavits show that the complainant, which<br />
was the owner of the copyright. permitted<br />
Alexander to sell absolutely all its copyrighted<br />
books in his cellar, and that his vendee obtained<br />
the entire legal title to these damaged volumes.<br />
They were sold again, together with other papers<br />
and books, under express restrictions against their<br />
use for any other purpose than for the manufac-<br />
ture of paper. Harrison says that he bought the<br />
books in question without knowledge of this<br />
restriction. Whether he had notice of facts which<br />
should have put a purchaser upon inquiry to<br />
ascertain whether he was being made a party to<br />
a violation of contract cannot be determined upon<br />
the affidavits.<br />
The question, as it arises upon the bill and the<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 116 (#130) ############################################<br />
<br />
I i 6<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
affidavits, is, can the owner of a copyright restrain,<br />
by virtue of the copyright statutes, the sale of a<br />
copy of the copyright book, the title to which he<br />
has transferred, but which is being sold in viola-<br />
tion of an agreement entered into between him-<br />
self and the purchaser; or are the remedies of the<br />
original owner confined to remedies for a breach<br />
of contract P<br />
So long as the owner of a copyright retains the<br />
title to the copies of the book which he has the<br />
exclusive right to vend, by virtue of the copyright,<br />
he can impose restrictions upon the manner in<br />
which and upon the persons to whom the copies<br />
can be sold. Having the exclusive right to vend,<br />
he has the right to appoint to whom the book<br />
shall be sold. If his agents, to whom he has<br />
intrusted the possession of his books, violate his<br />
instructions and fraudulently sell to a person with<br />
knowledge or notice of the fraud,-such fraud will<br />
be an infringement of the copyright, with which<br />
the original owner has never parted, and can be<br />
restrained by virtue of the Statutes of the United<br />
States. Thus, if the owner of a copyrighted book<br />
entrusts copies of the book to an agent or<br />
employé for sale only by subscription and for<br />
delivery to the subscribers, and the agent fraudu-<br />
lently sells to non-subscribers, who have know-<br />
ledge or notice of the fraud, such sale is an<br />
infringement of the original owner's copyright,<br />
who can disregard the pretended sale and have<br />
the benefit of all the remedies which the statute or<br />
the law furnish. This right to enjoy the benefit<br />
of the copyright statutes results from the fact<br />
that the owner has never parted with the title to<br />
the book or the copyright, although he parted<br />
with the possession of the book.<br />
But the right to restrain the sale of a parti-<br />
cular copy of the book, by virtue of the copyright<br />
statutes, has gone when the owner of the copy-<br />
right and of that copy has parted with all his<br />
title to it, and has conferred an absolute title to<br />
the copy upon a purchaser, although with an<br />
agreement for a restricted use. The exclusive<br />
right to vend the particular copy no longer<br />
remains in the owner of the copyright by the<br />
Copyright statutes. The new purchaser cannot<br />
reprint the copy, he cannot print or publish a<br />
new edition of the book; but the copy having<br />
been absolutely sold to him, the ordinary inci-<br />
dents of ownership in personal property, among<br />
which is the right of alienation, attach to it. If<br />
he has agreed that he will not sell it for certain<br />
purposes, or to certain persons, and violates his<br />
agreement and sells to an innocent purchaser, he<br />
can be punished for a violation of his agreement,<br />
but neither is guilty under the copyright statutes<br />
of an infringment. If the new purchaser parti-<br />
cipates in the fraud he may also share in the<br />
punishment : (“Clemens v. Estes,”<br />
899.) . . .<br />
The distinction between the remedy of the<br />
owner of a copyright and the books published<br />
under its protection, who has retained the title<br />
to the books and the copyright, and has been<br />
defrauded by an unauthorised sale to a purchaser,<br />
with notice, and the remedy of a copyright owner<br />
who has parted with his title to a copy of the<br />
copyrighted book, and has been injured by the<br />
failure of the purchaser to comply with his con-<br />
tract in regard to its use, is stated by Judge<br />
Hammond in “Henry Bill Publishing Company<br />
v. Forsythe’’ (27 Fed. Rep. 914) as follows:<br />
“The owner of the copyright may not be able<br />
to transfer the entire property in one of his<br />
copies, and retain for himself an incidental<br />
power to authorise a sale of that copy, or rather<br />
the power of prohibition on the owner that he<br />
shall not sell it, holding that much, as a modicum.<br />
of his former estate, to be protected by the copy-<br />
right statute; and yet he may be entirely able,<br />
so long as he retains the ownership of a particular<br />
copy for himself, to find abundant protection<br />
under the copyright statute for his then inci-<br />
dental power of controlling its sale. This copy-<br />
right incident of control over the sale, if I may<br />
call it so, as contradistinguished from the power<br />
of sale incident to ownership in all property—<br />
copyrighted articles like any other—is a thing<br />
that belongs alone to the owner of the copyright<br />
itself, and as to him only so long as and to the<br />
extent that he owns the particular copies involved.<br />
Whenever he parts with that ownership, the<br />
ordinary incident of alienation attaches to the<br />
particular copy parted with, in favour of the<br />
transferee, and he cannot be deprived of it.<br />
This latter incident supersedes the other —<br />
swallows it up, so to speak—and the two cannot<br />
co-exist in any owner of the copy except he be<br />
the owner at the same time of the copyright;<br />
and, in the Inature of the thing, they cannot be<br />
separated so that one may remain in the owner<br />
of the copyright as a limitation upon or denial of<br />
the other in the owner of the copy.” -<br />
The case of “Murray v. Heath " (I Bain &<br />
Adol. 804), which is somewhat relied upon by<br />
the defendant’s counsel, does not throw a strong<br />
light upon a case arising under the statutes of<br />
the United States. The question was whether<br />
the sale of the engravings was, under the circum-<br />
stances of the case, a violation of the English,<br />
statutes, which prohibited a piratical publication,<br />
of the engravings of another, or was a breach of<br />
contract. The Court was of opinion that the<br />
statutes were not applicable. -<br />
The other cases which were cited on the argu-<br />
ment are not applicable to the facts of this case, ,<br />
22 Fed. Rep.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 117 (#131) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
117<br />
although they are instructive upon the rights of<br />
copyright owners, under copyright statutes, or of<br />
the rights of owners of manuscripts: (“Stephens<br />
v. Cady,” 14 How. 529; “Stephen v. Gladding,”<br />
17 How. 447; “Parton v. Prang,” 3 Cliff. 537;<br />
“Bartlette v. Chittenden º’ 4 McLean, 3oo;<br />
“Prince Albert v. Strange,” 2 De G. & S. 652;<br />
“Taylor v. Pillow,” L. R. 7 Eq. Cases, 418;<br />
“Howitt v. Hall,” Io Weekly Rep. 381 ; “Hud-<br />
son v. Patten,” I Root, Con. 133.) The dis-<br />
cussion by Judge Hammond upon the general<br />
subject, in “Henry Hill Co. v. Smythe.” (supra) is<br />
most valuable, and anyone who has occasion to<br />
examine this subject will find that the territory<br />
bas been thoroughly explored.<br />
Our conclusion is that, upon the facts stated<br />
in the bill and in the affidavits, the complainant<br />
has no remedy under the copyright statutes of<br />
the United States, and, as both parties are<br />
deemed to be citizens of the State of New York,<br />
the complainant is without remedy in the Circuit<br />
Court for the Southern District of New York.<br />
The order of the Circuit Court for a preliminary<br />
injunction is reversed and set aside, with costs.<br />
Wallace and Lacombe, J.J. concur.<br />
New York Law Journal, June 13.<br />
II.-MUSICAL CoPYRIGHT IN AMERICA.<br />
We published in the September number of<br />
the Author a letter addressed by Mr. G. Dixey,<br />
secretary of the Music Publishers’ Association,<br />
on a recent decision in an American court.<br />
To repeat the last words of that letter, “The<br />
judgment thus delivered has settled the point<br />
for the present, and until that judgment is upset<br />
or varied it must be accepted that the law of<br />
the United States of America is, that the expres-<br />
sion “book’ in the Act of 1891 does not include<br />
‘ musical composition and that, consequently it is<br />
not necessary that such compositions should be<br />
printed in America as a condition of obtaining<br />
copyright there.”<br />
On this point Mr. R. H. Johnson writes from<br />
New York as follows: “I hope the news of the<br />
confirmation by the courts of our contention that<br />
music does not have to be manufactured here will<br />
be widely published in your country. It closes<br />
a chapter in the history of International copyright<br />
Music is now a thing produced and published, and<br />
not subject to exclusion because the method of<br />
publication may be like that of books or chromos.<br />
My testimony as to the intention of the framers<br />
of the bill was part of the plaintiff's brief, and<br />
that consideration seems to have had weight in<br />
the decision.” -<br />
III.-AUTHORSHIP FALSELY AsCRIBED.<br />
A publisher of New York printed in 1873 a<br />
volume, the authorship of which was ascribed to<br />
Bret Harte. This volume contained four chapters<br />
of a story that had actually been written by Bret<br />
Harte ten years previously, while the remaining<br />
chapters making up the volume were written by<br />
some person unknown. To the whole story Bret<br />
Harte's name was prefixed, but at the end of<br />
his portion of the story appeared an explanatory<br />
note. .<br />
The facts having been proved as above stated,<br />
the court granted Harte's application for an<br />
injunction under which further sale of the book<br />
was restrained. The judge said, in his opinion:<br />
“I think that the plaintiff has such an interestin<br />
his name and in his reputation as an author as<br />
entitles him to invoke the aid of a court of equity<br />
in restraining the defendant in falsely repre-<br />
senting that a literary production published and<br />
sold by the defendant is the work of the plaintiff.<br />
. . . It seems to me that the act of the defen-<br />
dant is calculated to mislead the public, and<br />
induce the purchase of the work referred to in<br />
the complaint, under the impression that said<br />
work is wholly written by the plaintiff. The case<br />
is analogous to that of a trade mark, and the<br />
principle on which the relief is granted in such<br />
cases is that a defendant shall not be permitted<br />
by the adoption of a trade mark that is untrue or<br />
deceptive, to sell his own goods as those of the<br />
plaintiff, which is injuring the latter and also<br />
defrauding the public. In this case the gen ral<br />
public would, in my judgment, be misled by the<br />
title-page of the book in question into supposing<br />
that the whole of the book was a production of<br />
the plaintiff, and the facts seem to point strongly<br />
to the conclusion that it was the design of the<br />
defendant thus to mislead the public. &<br />
It is no answer to this to say that every one who<br />
read the book must necessarily read the note at<br />
page 34, as that note is better calculated to call<br />
the attention of the purchaser to the fact that he<br />
has been deceived rather than to prevent the<br />
deception. Entertaining these views, I shall<br />
direct that an order be granted continuing the<br />
injunction until the case can be tried, plaintiff<br />
to pay all the costs of the motion.”<br />
-—-º-º-º-º-º-<br />
IV.—HANFSTAENGL v. NEWNEs.<br />
The “living picture * cases, Hanfstaeng! v.<br />
Newnes, 7 R. Aug. 80; Hanfstaeng! v. Empire<br />
Palace, '94, 2 Ch. 1, 7 R. Sept. 84 (both in C.A.),<br />
make a good example of the true principles of<br />
copyright law. Copyright is not a property in<br />
ideas conferred by the law of nature, as certain<br />
philosophers have vainly talked, but a monopoly<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 118 (#132) ############################################<br />
<br />
1 18<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
specially created by law on grounds of public<br />
utility, and a monopoly not in ideas or artistic<br />
motives in the abstract, but in particular forms<br />
of expression. Therefore copyright in a work of<br />
literature or art can be infringed only by a repro-<br />
duction ejusdem generis, a picture by something<br />
pictorial, and so forth. It does not follow, how-<br />
ever, that infringement might not be indirectly<br />
committed by reconstruction of the original design<br />
from something which was not itself an infringe-<br />
ment, even if the reconstructor had no direct<br />
acquaintance with the original ; it was expressly<br />
allowed by the Court of Appeal that it could be<br />
so, though they held that in the particular case it<br />
was not. The questions of dramatising literary<br />
work and of “performing rights * are not touched<br />
by these decisions, and stand on a special footing.<br />
—Law Quarterly Review for October.<br />
*– ~ *-*<br />
THE INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT<br />
CONGRESS AT ANTWERP,<br />
R. J. E. MUDDOCK, F.R.G.S., was the<br />
sole representative of England at the<br />
Congress, which closed its sittings on the<br />
26th of August, Mr. Muddock, who went over<br />
by special invitation of the committee, speaks in<br />
glowing terms of the princely hospitality offered<br />
to the foreign delegates by their Belgian confrères<br />
Without making any invidious comparison, he<br />
wishes to particularise the exceeding kindness and<br />
courtesy of the Hon. Paul Cogel, President of the<br />
Antwerp Society of Bibliophiles; of M. Victor<br />
Robyns, the esteemed President of the Antwerp<br />
Cercle Artistique, Litteraire, and Scientific; and<br />
M. Franz Gittens, the well-known Belgian<br />
dramatic author. Fetes, illuminated corteges,<br />
receptions, dinners, excursions, and visits to all<br />
that is interesting in Antwerp, were the order of<br />
the day, and the wonder is that the guests have<br />
survived all this kindness. They have not only<br />
survived, however, but are unanimous in their<br />
expressions of satisfaction and gratitude for the<br />
magnificent hospitality of their hosts. Notwith-<br />
standing all the feasting and junketing much solid<br />
work was done, as two seances were held each day,<br />
and some six hours a day were consumed in this<br />
way. At the opening sitting, M. Robyns, in the<br />
name of the old and intellectual city of Antwerp,<br />
extended a warm welcome to the foreign delegates,<br />
and he alluded in graceful terms to the great<br />
interest manifested in the Congress by His<br />
Majesty the King of the Belgians. It was a<br />
good sign when representatives of nearly every<br />
European nation assembled to discuss amicabl<br />
their mutual interests in the products of intellect,<br />
whether such products took the form of litera-<br />
ture, art, science, poetry, the drama, or music.<br />
Meetings like that did more to bring about the<br />
longed for universal brotherhood than anything<br />
else could possibly do; for there was no nation-<br />
ality in brain work. Literature and art were<br />
cosmopolitan, they recognised no frontiers, and<br />
gatherings of that kind served to strengthen the<br />
bond of good feeling which literary men and<br />
women, musicians, artists, composers, &c., enter-<br />
tained for one another, irrespective of country.<br />
Great strides had been made of late years in<br />
securing to authors and artists universal recogni-<br />
tion of their rights in the works they created.<br />
But there was still much to do, though the good<br />
work that had already been done was a guarantee<br />
for the future; and it might safely be asserted<br />
that there would be no pause until the literary<br />
and artistic millenium was reached. Then nations<br />
would be compelled to recognise, by the laws of<br />
their respective countries, that the products of a<br />
man’s brain labour could no more be filched<br />
from him with impunity than could his land, his<br />
houses, his household effects, or anything that<br />
was legitimately his.<br />
The sentiments expressed by the President<br />
were received with warm approval, and Dr.<br />
Albert Osterrieth, who spoke in the name of<br />
the Congress of German authors, said that<br />
throughout Germany there was a very strong<br />
desire to promote in every possible way the<br />
interests of international copyright. M. Pfeiffer,<br />
of the Syndicate of the Musical Composers of<br />
Paris; Dr. Lundstadt, in the name of Swedish<br />
publishers, and of the Literary and Artistic<br />
Circle of Stockholm ; Herr Stoutz, for Switzer-<br />
land; and Mr. J. E. Muddock, for England, said<br />
that authors and composers of their respective<br />
countries would not rest until their rights<br />
in literary and artistic property were fully<br />
recognised.<br />
At the second sitting there was a very large<br />
attendance, including the Princess Napoleon<br />
Bonaparte-Weiss, and several women of letters,<br />
amongst them being Madame Brun, the well-<br />
known Belgian novelist and journalist. When<br />
the meeting had been declared open by the<br />
President, M. Bonilla, who represented the<br />
“Society of Spanish Writers,” rose to address<br />
the assembly. Speaking in Spanish, he made a<br />
stirring and eloquent appeal for the universal<br />
recognition of the results of intellectual labour.<br />
He insisted that workers with the pen and pencil<br />
had been too long regarded as mere time-servers<br />
of the public, whose mission was to give to the<br />
world the efforts of their genius, but like the<br />
slaves of old they could own nothing. Fortu-<br />
nately a more enlightened era was dawning, and<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 119 (#133) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I Ig<br />
the day could not be far distant when authors<br />
and artists would have cause to rejoice that they<br />
had clamoured for an equitable recognition of<br />
their interests by all nations.<br />
A long discussion followed on the rights of<br />
translation. Translation in principle is said to<br />
be a mode of reproduction, but while that prin-<br />
ciple is admitted in some countries it is contested<br />
in others. It was certainly proclaimed at the<br />
Brussels Congress in 1858; and since then the<br />
International Literary Union has endeavoured to<br />
get it universally recognised. Under any cir-<br />
cumstances, the desirability was urged of pro-<br />
longing the term during which an author's<br />
consent has to be obtained before his works can<br />
be translated, and twenty years was named as an<br />
equitable limit. This was objected to by M.<br />
Ernest Eisenmann, an avocat of Paris, and the<br />
author of an important work on the rights of<br />
authors and journalists. He maintained that if<br />
such restrictions were placed upon the rights<br />
of translation they would militate against the<br />
author's themselves. That would certainly be<br />
the case in dramatic and musical composition.<br />
When the subject had been well threshed out,<br />
without any very definite conclusion being<br />
arrived at, M. Alcide Darras, one of the general<br />
secretaries of the union, laid before the assembly<br />
a brief but lucid account of the legislative move-<br />
ments that had been made with regard to inter-<br />
national copyright during the past few years.<br />
He spoke bitterly of the action of the United<br />
States, and said it was something more than an<br />
anomaly that Canada should be disposed to favour<br />
American writers in preference to all others.<br />
England had given copyright to English authors<br />
in the whole of the British Empire, and that<br />
copyright was secured by an international treaty;<br />
nevertheless Canada showed a strong disposition<br />
to give American authors Canadian rights,<br />
although America had treated English authors so<br />
scurvily. Referring to Mexico, M. Darras said it<br />
was greatly to the credit of that country that<br />
Mexican subjects, or anyone producing a literary<br />
work in Mexico, had the advantage of perpetual<br />
copyright, while great liberality was shown to<br />
authors of all nationalities. It certainly would<br />
be more honourable on the part of the Govern-<br />
ment of the United States if they took a leaf out<br />
of their neighbour's book. At the subsequent<br />
sittings of the Congress long and interesting dis-<br />
cussions took place on the relations of publishers<br />
and authors, in so far as those relations were<br />
concerned in contracts of publications. All the<br />
speakers pointed out that in every country, as<br />
matters now stood, the author was entirely in the<br />
hands of his publisher, and if the publisher chose<br />
to act dishonestly, as he often did, the author<br />
WOL. W.<br />
suffered, and had no remedy. It was pertinently<br />
asked why literary contracts should not be<br />
placed upon the same basis as any other<br />
commercial contract. If an author wrote a<br />
book, and a publisher undertook to publish<br />
it on terms of mutual profit, there was a<br />
distinct partnership created. The author's<br />
capital in the business was represented by his<br />
work, and the value of that work must be taken<br />
to be equal in every sense to the amount the pub-<br />
lisher invested when he printed and put the<br />
work on the market. The author should there-<br />
fore be in a position to know precisely what busi-<br />
ness is being transacted and what returns are<br />
coming in. As matters now stood, he was<br />
entirely dependent for this information on the<br />
bare statement of the publisher. And, while it<br />
was not assumed for a moment that all pub-<br />
lishers were dishonest, it could not be denied that<br />
the temptation to make a little extra profit by<br />
the manipulation of accounts and the suppression<br />
of information that ought to be afforded was very<br />
great indeed; and human nature was the same in<br />
a publisher as it was in other buman beings, often<br />
more so. It was admitted that the subject was a<br />
very difficult one to deal with in an international<br />
sense, for transactions of the kind often had to be<br />
determined by local circumstances. But there<br />
was no reason why some general principles<br />
should not be laid down and adopted by the<br />
union. And it was suggested that in default of<br />
distinct stipulation to the contrary a contract of<br />
publication should be taken to mean one edition<br />
only, whether it was of a musical or literary<br />
work. The number of that edition should be<br />
expressly stated in the contract, and every copy<br />
of it should be numbered and signed by publisher<br />
and author. This scheme would at once afford<br />
an author a ready means of knowing how many<br />
copies of his work had been sold, and it would be<br />
a safeguard against unauthorised reproduction.<br />
Of course the same regulations would apply to<br />
any subsequent editions.<br />
Although no definite decision was arrived at<br />
on this subject owing to various difficulties that<br />
presented themselves, it was admitted that it was<br />
too important to be shelved, and that it should<br />
be brought forward next year, and in the mean-<br />
time some concerted plan of action should be.<br />
worked out which should aim at doing justice to.<br />
all parties without wounding the susceptibilities.<br />
of any.<br />
Mr. Wolfgang Kirschbach, the well-known.<br />
theatrical critic and editor of the Dresdner.<br />
Nachrichten, then invited the Congress to meet.<br />
next year at Dresden, and he said he was autho-<br />
rised to promise a welcome and a reception in the<br />
name of the Saxon Government, as well as of the<br />
N<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 120 (#134) ############################################<br />
<br />
I 20<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
municipal authorities. And he further promised<br />
that the warmest support would be accorded te<br />
the work and aims of the Congress by the whole<br />
of Germany, North and South. The invitation<br />
was accepted, and Dresden fixed as the next<br />
place of meeting.<br />
Altogether it may be said that the Congress<br />
has been productive of many good results, and the<br />
work so far achieved is just and equitable to all<br />
who labour with their brains. And, as M.<br />
Bergerem, the Minister of Justice, said at the<br />
grand banquet given by the President to the<br />
distinguished foreigners gathered together in<br />
Antwerp in the name of literature, science, and<br />
art, the objects of the association must, in the<br />
end, be universally triumphant. They had right<br />
on their side, and they would soon have power<br />
to enforce those rights.<br />
It is greatly to be regretted that the entire<br />
English press, from the Times downwards, should<br />
have been so utterly indifferent to this important<br />
Congress that no report of it has appeared in any<br />
paper in this country. Journalists cannot afford<br />
to ignore the aims and objects of the association,<br />
and it surely would have been worth while for<br />
the great London dailies to have instructed<br />
their foreign correspondents to furnish to their<br />
respective papers some particulars of the labours<br />
of the Congress. It is also a matter of surprise<br />
that Mr. Muddock was not supported by some<br />
of his London confrères. The question of inter-<br />
national copyright is one which very closely affects<br />
us as a literary people, and particularly in so far<br />
as our dealings with America are concerned. And<br />
unless writers and artists here think their<br />
property is not worth protecting, they would do<br />
well to show that they are in full accord with the<br />
spirit and aims of these annual congresses, and<br />
attend in numbers to speak and vote on all that<br />
tends to promote the common welfare of the<br />
great brotherhood of the pen and pencil.<br />
*— — —”<br />
* * *<br />
NOTES FROM PARIS.<br />
AM writing this from a fishing village at the<br />
extreme southern point of the Bay of Biscay,<br />
in a desolate land of dunes, with the purple<br />
line of the Pyrenees in front of me, and all<br />
around a forest of pine trees. . A coin perdu. if<br />
ever there was one, yet at the time of the English<br />
rule in Aquitaine, a place of some importance.<br />
In the middle of the village rises the “Tower of<br />
the English,” and many of the houses were built<br />
by English hands. g e gº<br />
Is it a fallacy that, as many of us imagine, soli-<br />
stude and quiet are very necessary to the man<br />
who would produce his best work, and that a<br />
man works hardest where there is little tempta-<br />
tion for him to leave his writing-table P Zola has<br />
recorded the fine fevers of industry which come<br />
upon him in the country, but then Zola will<br />
work anywhere and under any circumstances.<br />
Daudet, on the other hand, has told me that at<br />
the seaside at least he is never able to work.<br />
“The sea is a terrible waster,” he said, and added<br />
that having sought solitude in a little village on<br />
the Mediterranean coast, he remained six weeks<br />
without putting pen to paper. For my part my<br />
experience is that a solitary and monotonous way<br />
of life is fatal to literary production. One<br />
cannot think when one yawns. And again, the<br />
song of the sea is one continual invitation to<br />
idleness, whilst the fields and the forest have<br />
mysterious and syremlike voices to tempt one<br />
away. People who have read “Jack,” will remem-<br />
ber the poet D’Argenton, who, having longed for<br />
years for a quiet retreat in the country, found,<br />
when he was able to afford one, that he could not<br />
work there, and wasted six years in idle endea-<br />
vours. Perhaps the reason of this is that the<br />
country is so delightful that idleness becomes a<br />
real pleasure.<br />
It is a characteristic trait of the American<br />
critics that when reviewing a translation all men-<br />
tion of the translator, even in quoting the title of<br />
the book, is omitted by them. Translation, it<br />
would appear, after their manner of thinking, is<br />
and cannot be otherwise than hack work. Yet<br />
one of Charles Baudelaire's chief titles to fame is<br />
in his masterly translation of Poe's tales.<br />
American journalism, by the way, seems to be<br />
sinking lower and lower into infamy. Not many<br />
days ago I was passing a delightful hour in the<br />
pine forest near my house, with my dog and my<br />
grey donkey for companions, and an odd volume<br />
of Montaigne in my hand. I could see the great<br />
red sun going down into the sea, athwart the<br />
pines; the air was fresh and balsamous, and only<br />
the cooing of the turtle-doves broke the stillness.<br />
I was away for the time from everything that was<br />
common and cruel, and ugly and human. And<br />
then broke in upon my tranquil meditation<br />
American journalism, in the form of a cablegram<br />
from New York, an unclean thing that I threw<br />
away from me with disgust as soon as I had read<br />
it. It came from a great American editor, and<br />
requested me to nose out the dirty story of an<br />
American milliardaire, who, it appears, has fallen<br />
into the toils of some Parisian Phryne. I was to<br />
“ mail photos,” and to accompany the same with<br />
a “rip-roarer story of their intimacy.” After<br />
reflection I picked the filthy paper up again, and<br />
have pasted it up in my study as a reminder of<br />
the things to which American journalism leads.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 121 (#135) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I 2 I<br />
Inasmuch as, by the stress of circumstances,<br />
there are many writers who engage in literature<br />
in a purely commercial spirit, might not the<br />
critics exact that the publishers in sending in<br />
ibooks for review should mention, besides the<br />
price of each volume, the amount of remunera-<br />
tion which was assured to the author when he<br />
sat down to the task of its production. This<br />
knowledge might dispose them to greater<br />
leniency or severity, as the case might be. The<br />
critic might be very exacting in the case of a<br />
book for which the author had received or was<br />
to receive several hundred pounds, and less so<br />
in the case of work paid for with as many six-<br />
pences. I would like to read some such sentence<br />
in a literary critique as the following: “This is<br />
a hastily-written book, immaturely considered.<br />
Still, when we remember that the author<br />
produced it at the rate of fourpence halfpenny<br />
for each hour's work, we cannot but commend it<br />
as extremely good value for money.” In this<br />
matter also the philosophy of Mrs. Gamp holds<br />
good, and them as wants titivating must pay<br />
accordingly.<br />
Alphonse Daudet has just finished a new<br />
novel. It is one of the very few of his stories—<br />
is it not the only one P-which contains a murder.<br />
There are a husband and wife who each suspects<br />
the other of the crime, and so on. It ends in a<br />
reconciliation. I am glad to say that Daudet's<br />
health is improving. I had a long letter from<br />
him a few days ago, entirely in his own hand,<br />
firm, healthy writing “in his least nervous pen.”<br />
Be usually dictates to his secretary, the amiable<br />
M. Ebner. He tells me that his son’s book,<br />
“Les Morticoles,” is still selling very well,<br />
already in a tenth edition, I believe.<br />
Apropos of Léon Daudet, who, it will be<br />
remembered, married Victor Hugo's grand-<br />
daughter, the last time I saw him he told me<br />
that Hugo's books were selling very badly<br />
indeed, and he is in a position to know the<br />
facts, as husband of the lady who is entitled<br />
to one half the revenue from the Hugo copy-<br />
rights. This disposes of various accounts we<br />
have heard of the continued demand for these<br />
works.<br />
Emile Zola, leaves for Rome next month to<br />
collect materials for the second volume of “Les<br />
Trois Villes " series, which is to be called “Rome.”<br />
I am afraid that he will not succeed, as he had<br />
hoped, in securing an interview with the Holy<br />
Father, and it is to be feared that the odium<br />
theologicum provoked by “Lourdes,” will put<br />
many difficulties in his way. In the meanwhile<br />
“Lourdes'' is in its hundredth edition, and<br />
Charpentier's presses are still hard at work<br />
turning out copies by the thousand. It is expeeted<br />
WOL. V.<br />
that this book will have the largest sale of any of<br />
Zola's works. *<br />
Edmund de Goncourt, I am sorry to say, is, as<br />
I hear from Champrosay, ailing with “a liver<br />
crisis.” This splendid old man is, however, so<br />
robust that I expect him to outlive us all. He is<br />
resting his pen at present, though, of course, he<br />
continues to keep his daily diary, as he has done<br />
for the past thirty years.<br />
The widow of Leconte de Lisle is preparing<br />
her late husband's manuscripts for the press.<br />
She is working in collaboration with De Héredice,<br />
and they hope to collect sufficient material for a<br />
volume of poems, which shall add to the reputa-<br />
tion of the author of “Poémes Barbares.” The<br />
task is a difficult one, as the late poet was very<br />
critical about his own work, and they are anxious<br />
not to print anything which he would have<br />
refused to publish. Leconte de Lisle destroyed<br />
more than four thousand lines of verse which he<br />
deemed unsatisfactory, and what he published<br />
had been revised and revised again.<br />
A new life of Napoleon is being prepared in<br />
Paris by a Boston Professor, and will run for two<br />
years in the Century Magazine. I myself was<br />
recently invited by the proprietors of another<br />
American magazine to do another life of Napoleon,<br />
and very good terms were offered. But the<br />
matter fell through when I was informed that<br />
Napoleon had to be treated in an entirely favour-<br />
able light, as I found it impossible to do so. The<br />
Americans all have an immense admiration for<br />
Napoleon, chiefly, no doubt, because of the persis-<br />
tent way in which he plagued England. A study<br />
of Napoleon as the Arch-Anarchist and forerunner<br />
of the anarchy of this fin de siècle would be<br />
interesting. ROBERT H. SHERARD.<br />
Capbreton, Landes, Sept. 19.<br />
*– ~ –”<br />
g- > -e<br />
AUGUSTA WEBSTER,<br />
HE death of Augusta Webster on Sept. 5<br />
takes from us a poet of very remarkable<br />
powers, and of achievement second to no<br />
woman of the age who has attempted poetry.<br />
She was a daughter of the late Admiral Davies,<br />
who for many years filled the post of Chief<br />
Constable for Cambridgeshire, and lived at Cam-<br />
bridge.<br />
Augusta Davies published her first volume of<br />
verse in the year 1861 or 1862. It was entitled<br />
“Blanche Lisle,” and bore the assumed name of<br />
Cecil Horne. After her marriage to Mr. Thomas<br />
Webster, a classical scholar and a Fellow of Trinity,<br />
she published under her own name translations<br />
of “Prometheous Vinctus ” and the “Medea,”<br />
N 2<br />
<br />
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## p. 122 (#136) ############################################<br />
<br />
I 22<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
she also published another volume of verse under<br />
her nom de plume. The works that followed were<br />
“Dramatic Studies” (1866), “A Woman Sold”<br />
(1867), “Portraits” (1870), “The Auspicious<br />
Day” (1872), “Yu-Pe-Yas's Lute” (1874),<br />
“Disguises” (1879), “A Book of Rhyme’”<br />
(1881), “In a Day” (1882), “Daffodil and the<br />
Croaxaxicans” (1884), and “The Sentence”<br />
(1887). In addition to these volumes of verse,<br />
Mrs. Webster produced a book of essays called<br />
“A Housewife's Opinions.” She wrote for the<br />
Eacaminer when William Minto was its editor,<br />
and, it is understood, for the Athenæum. She<br />
also essayed a novel, but, apparently, without<br />
success, and for six years she was a member of<br />
the London School Board.<br />
It will be seen that her time of greatest<br />
activity was in the sixties and the seventies. It<br />
seems a long time ago, but the time has not yet<br />
come for an estimate of Augusta Webster's place<br />
among the poets of the Victorian age—an age<br />
which produces more fine verse in a decade<br />
than was written during the whole of the last<br />
century, and an age in which critics are continu-<br />
ally bemoaning the decay of verse; an age in<br />
which we are so busy over our own work that we<br />
have no time to read the work of others; an age<br />
in which a new great Inovelist, if not a new great<br />
poet, is boomed every month; an age in which<br />
the poet of to-day will be clean forgotten to-<br />
morrow. The contemporaries of Augusta<br />
Webster—those who lived in the sixties and<br />
the seventies—have read her works and found in<br />
them qualities of the highest order, purity of<br />
thought, beauty of expression, music in rhythm,<br />
dexterity in metre, power of conceiving and<br />
drawing character. Does the younger genera-<br />
tion read her P Ome knows not. Will the works<br />
of this singer survive? Out of all she wrote,<br />
surely, something. He would be a bold critic who<br />
would foretell immortality, even a limited im-<br />
mortality—an existence prolonged for three<br />
generations—for any poem of the day. But to<br />
him who remembers those early volumes—the<br />
“Dramatic Studies,” “Portraits,” and the trans-<br />
lations—Augusta Webster will always remain a<br />
figure in contemporary literature among the fore-<br />
most, and among the worthiest. W. B.<br />
** a 2–º<br />
r- - -,<br />
NOTES AND NEWS.<br />
R. JAMES PAYN writes that if he had<br />
twenty lives he would give them all to<br />
the profession of Letters. He says,<br />
moreover, that no profession is more free from<br />
jealousies and acrimonies. Well, a certain depress-<br />
ing work on the “Quarrels of Authors” is to be<br />
found in most of our libraries. Some day it will<br />
be brought up to date, and then some very pretty<br />
jealousies and acrimonies of the present day, of<br />
which the world is now ignorant, will be brought<br />
to light. There have been two or three actions in<br />
the High Court of Justice produced by “acri-<br />
monies’’ of literary men. And there are too<br />
often to be seen even in signed articles, criticisms<br />
and judgments by literary men concerning other<br />
literary men that are certainly not kindly either<br />
in phrase or intention. In fact, one of the prin-<br />
cipal reasons which has hitherto kept men of<br />
letters apart from each other, is the unhappy pre-<br />
judice that it is the duty of a writer to criticise<br />
and sit in judgment upon other writers, as if the<br />
power of writing verse should make a critic as<br />
well as a poet. That criticism should be con-<br />
temptuous and derisive; that it should not be<br />
written with the view of pointing out what ought<br />
to be, but to inflict as much pain as possible by<br />
exaggerating what is, in the volume: these are<br />
articles of belief that seem happily passing away.<br />
The editor of the immediate future will certainly<br />
insist on as much courtesy in his columns as at<br />
his dinner table.<br />
I have before me certain extracts from the<br />
registers of St. Bartholomew's Church, which<br />
formerly stood on the site now occupied by the<br />
east wing of the Bank of England. The dates<br />
of these registers are from 1568 down to 1720 or<br />
thereabouts. There are baptisms, marriages, and<br />
deaths. Among them are three entries which<br />
are curious. They are all in the burials, and are<br />
as follows:<br />
1672. Katharine Dufoe.<br />
I687. Katharine Dufoe.<br />
1708. Mary Defoe.<br />
Now Daniel Defoe, son of Thomas Foe, of<br />
Cripplegate, and said to be the grandson of<br />
Thomas Foe, of Elton, assumed the “De '’ about<br />
the year 1684. It is generally assumed that he<br />
did so in the hope of passing for one of gentle<br />
birth. These entries, however, make it clear that<br />
there was one family, perhaps two, in the City<br />
of the name of Dufoe or Defoe. It is probablé,<br />
therefore, that this was the older way of spelling<br />
his name, and that he was really connected with<br />
families who so spelled the name.<br />
The Rev. Dr. Bell, of Cheltenham, calls my<br />
attention to the question in the September<br />
number of the Author : “Is not the Sheridan<br />
family the only family on record which has con-<br />
tinued to hand down its best characteristics from<br />
One generation to another ?” He reminds me of<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 123 (#137) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I 23<br />
the Arnold family as another which has also done<br />
so. He mentions the names of Matthew Arnold,<br />
Thomas Arnold, Mrs. Humphry Ward, Mr. Oakley<br />
Arnold Forster. Undoubtedly this is another<br />
case of hereditary genius, which in the domain of<br />
literature is exceedingly rare. In music and in<br />
law hereditary ability is more often found. What<br />
descendants of Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton,<br />
Wordsworth, Byron, Shelley, have ever distin-<br />
guished themselves in literature ?<br />
In another column will be found some kind of<br />
answer—though of necessity incomplete—towards<br />
the question of what the people read. Setting<br />
aside fiction, an army of Io,000 borrowers, in<br />
one library, read during one year 65,000 works of<br />
history, travels, philosophy, art, and science.<br />
This for a body of people only just beginning to<br />
read seems pretty well. We must remember that<br />
they are nearly all working people; that a great<br />
many of them—the women especially—have very<br />
long hours of work; that during the summer<br />
months they will naturally take their recreation<br />
in the open air; and that a large proportion of<br />
the men have been accustomed to take their<br />
winter recreation in public houses.<br />
Let us remember also that without this library<br />
only very few of these working men would have<br />
read any book at all. Not any book at all. It is<br />
rare to find books in a working man's lodging ;<br />
it is still rarer to find him buying books. How<br />
can he buy books unless out of the twopenny<br />
basket P Indeed, to those who ignorantly accuse<br />
us, as a nation, of not buying books, the first<br />
reply is, that whether we want to buy books or<br />
not we cannot afford to do so, because, out of the<br />
whole 37,000,000 population or 7,400,000 families<br />
in this our United Kingdom, there are but<br />
250,000 families which earn an income of so much<br />
as 32OO a year, and not more than 400,000<br />
families which either earn or possess that modest<br />
income. Now, with the lowest possible standard<br />
of necessary comfort, what margin can be left<br />
with an income of £200 for the purchase of<br />
books P From time to time we read letters in the<br />
papers on the economy of small incomes. Some-<br />
thing is put down for the luxury of trips and<br />
excursions—for change of air is necessary; the<br />
gentility of a pew, instead of a free seat, is never<br />
forgotten ; but nothing is ever left for books.<br />
Why? Because books cannot be afforded. And<br />
those who cannot buy books are now growing<br />
eager to read them. “We would buy,” they say,<br />
“if we could. But, indeed, we are not able to<br />
buy.”<br />
-->e-<br />
As for those favoured few—the happy 4OO,OOO<br />
families—whose income is 32OO a year and over,<br />
they have hitherto bought all the books that are<br />
sold—new or secondhand—all but the books of<br />
elementary education. The new public libraries are<br />
now stepping in as purchasers. When we speak of<br />
the vast audience which already awaits a success-<br />
ful writer, whether historian, poet, exponent of<br />
science, preacher, philosopher, or novelist, it<br />
must be remembered that this great body of<br />
readers who cannot buy will always form the<br />
largest part. And if, as seems probable, the<br />
400,000 families above-named become reduced in<br />
number, and their incomes grow steadily and<br />
yearly less, there will be nobody at all left to buy<br />
books, and the libraries will be the only pur-<br />
chasers. Meantime what the 400,000 do buy and<br />
how much they buy, and how far the reproach is<br />
just that they do not buy, must be considered by<br />
the light of actual figures. And these figures<br />
we will try to collect and to publish.<br />
The New York Critic of Aug. 11 contained a<br />
paper on Art in the Magazines, suggested by cer-<br />
tain comparisons made in these columns between<br />
the advance of the American magazines and the<br />
seeming decline of our own. The writer says:<br />
“Among other reasons advanced for this state of<br />
things is the abundance of illustrations that we<br />
give, but the most important thing is omitted,<br />
viz., their quality. With us illustration is an art;<br />
in England it is a pastime—it entertains without<br />
instructing. The same class of men do not prac-<br />
tise it in both countries; and, furthermore, the<br />
English draughtsmen have not yet learned to<br />
draw for the photo-engravers, as have the<br />
American and the French.” He goes on to<br />
criticise the artistic character of a certain English<br />
magazine. The remarks under this head may be<br />
omitted. The following, however, is an American's<br />
opinion on American art. One would like that<br />
of an English artist on the same work:<br />
Now take the August Harper’s and see the difference<br />
between the American process-work and that of England.<br />
Note Mr. Smedley’s illustrations in Mr. Ralph's story of<br />
“Old Monmouth,” in Mr. Matthews’s “A Vista in Central<br />
Park,” or in Mr. Warner's story. They are made by the<br />
Kurtz process. Here we have the artist and the process-<br />
engraver working in perfect harmony, and the result is<br />
almost as fine as that brought about by the graver. Mr.<br />
Remington’s illustrations of his own paper are even better.<br />
There are few artists who know so well how to work for<br />
mechanical engraving as Mr. Remington. An admirable<br />
piece of work is Mr. Thulstrup's in “Up the Coast of<br />
Norway.” The illustration on page 381 has all the softness<br />
and light and shade of a mezzotint engraving. Mr. Du<br />
Maurier's illustrations of “Trilby’’ lend themselves parti-<br />
cularly well to the work of photo-engraving, because they<br />
are pen-and-ink drawings. The engraver could probably<br />
not reproduce them any better, if as well. But to see just<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 124 (#138) ############################################<br />
<br />
I 24<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
what delicaey and tone the engraver's hand gives to a picture,<br />
we must turm to the frontispiece, “On Shark River,” drawn<br />
and engraved by Victor Bernstrom. In Mr. Castaigne we<br />
have another artist who is a master of the art of drawing<br />
for process-engraving. He is a Frenchman, and learned his<br />
art in France, where they have long made a specialty of it.<br />
I doubt whether the engraver could do him the justice that<br />
the camera does. It would be very difficult to catch his<br />
peculiar effects with the hand. His illustrations to<br />
“Washington as a Spectacle,” in the Century, make this<br />
clear, especially the picture on page 490. Mr. Sterner<br />
shows himself in a new light in his illustration of “Poe in<br />
the South.” There is an imaginative quality in his work<br />
that goes well with that of the author he illustrates. For<br />
work with the graver it would be hard to find anything<br />
more satisfactory than Mr. Timothy Cole's reproduction of<br />
Quentin Matsy’s portrait of his second wife. Here we have<br />
something that mechanical engraving can never give—the<br />
personality of the engraver, the touch of the artist. In<br />
looking at this picture one feels the dignity of handwork<br />
over that of the machine. Another fine example of the<br />
engraver's art is the frontispiece of Scribner's, Carolus .<br />
Duran’s “The Poet with the Mandolin,” engraved by W. B.<br />
Closson. Here, again, we have what photo-engraving cannot<br />
give. The name of W. S. Vanderbilt Allen is comparatively<br />
new in the art world, but it accompanies some spirited<br />
scenes of Newport life, which have had the distinction of<br />
being engraved. Kaemmerer's illustrations of Professor<br />
C. G. D. Roberts's poem would have gained much, had<br />
Florian touched them into life; as it is, they have lost by<br />
the “process.” On the other hand, it is doubtful whether<br />
the engraver could have done more for Castaigne's illus-<br />
trations of Mr. Bunner's story. Process work has seldom<br />
been seen to better advantage than in the picture opposite<br />
page I64. Mr. Sterner's illustrations of “An Undiscovered<br />
Murder” are, if anything, better than those he has in the<br />
Centwry. They are certainly more pleasing in subject, and<br />
the one on page 183 is a gem. No ; one does not find such<br />
art in the English magazines.<br />
Everybody is interested in the Autocrat of<br />
Boston. Therefore I make no doubt that every-<br />
body will read the following extract from the<br />
New York Critic (Sept. 8, 1894). I had the<br />
pleasure of an afternoon with the most amiable<br />
of poets and essayists last year. We drove from<br />
Salem to Beverly one fine afternoon in July, the<br />
party consisting of Prof. Woodberry, Mr. Sprigge,<br />
and myself. And we spent a couple of hours<br />
talking to the Autocrat, who was in the best<br />
spirits, and the best health possible. At Beverly<br />
he has a charming country house on a hill with<br />
a large garden and a delightful view.<br />
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes’s birthday, of which the<br />
Critic had brief mention last week, was celebrated in a very<br />
quiet manner, as the poet himself desired. He is not only<br />
adverse to publicity on that day, but finds it best to protect<br />
his health as far as possible by preventing intrusion into his<br />
Sanctum. The good Doctor is always kindly in feeling and<br />
expression towards every reporter who calls, but yet has be-<br />
come now extremely reserved. To the first reporter who<br />
came last week he gave an interview, and then, when the<br />
other gentlemen of the press trod the path to his Beverly<br />
Summer home, he presented each with a printed slip con-<br />
taining this same interview, thus saving time and exertion.<br />
The friends who called on his birthday were glad to find that<br />
in spite of the prolonged illness which prostrated both mind<br />
and body (infact, the doctor himself says that it was the longest,<br />
illness he ever had), the Autocrat is regaining his physical<br />
strength. He is no longer able to answer the hosts of letters.<br />
that pour in upon him as they always have, people by the score<br />
having simply flooded his table with queries and with manu-<br />
scripts to which they have invited his attention ; and, while the<br />
Doctor has always expressed himself as gratified at words.<br />
of affection, he has not been able of late to answer even the<br />
complimentary notes. Indeed, he does no writing now at<br />
all, and whatever dictation he is able to carry out is devoted<br />
to the completion of his autobiography, now made his great.<br />
lifework, and not destined to be published until after his<br />
death. Someone suggested to the Doctor, when the latter<br />
spoke of the cramp that affected his hand in writing, that<br />
he learn to use the type-writer, but the poet smilingly<br />
replied that he did not propose to forsake an old friend for<br />
a new one at his time of life. For eight summers now Dr.<br />
Holmes has been at Beverly Farms, which he regards as the<br />
most perfect of summer resorts (barring the east winds),<br />
and he delights in telling visitors about all the surroundings.<br />
of the place. He points out, with delightful interest, the<br />
two islands in front of his house, quaintly named “Great.<br />
Misery" and “Little Misery"—terms derived from a game<br />
of cards called Boston,” invented by some British officers.<br />
who were quartered upon those islands during the early<br />
wars. Of course, the trees still consume a great deal of his<br />
attention. Recently, it is said, he has found a new tree in.<br />
Beverly, which he considers the most beautiful of all; and<br />
to its base he drives several times each week, there to sit<br />
in its shade and enjoy its protection. If he can hear of any<br />
big tree within any reasonable distance of his home he is sure<br />
to visit it.<br />
Speaking about his health to a caller, Dr. Holmes said:—<br />
“I am afraid that I am commencing to grow old. Since<br />
last February, when I had a severe attack of the grip, I<br />
have not been very well, and I have been obliged to take.<br />
good care of myself. Walking and riding principally, an<br />
occasional call and receiving some of my friends who are<br />
kind enough to call upon me, form the day’s routine.” He<br />
spoke briefly of literary people he had known, stating that<br />
he had been visited by almost every literary Englishman,<br />
who had come to Boston since Dickens's time. He added<br />
sadly, “Lowell’s death affected me keenly, it makes.<br />
me feel that I am old, that I have outlived my genera-<br />
tion.” It is a well known and remarkable fact that<br />
the year which saw Dr. Holmes’s birth, 1809, also saw<br />
the births of Tennyson, Darwin, Gladstone, Robert C.<br />
Winthrop, and Abraham Lincoln. Dr. Holmes himself<br />
once spoke of this, mentioning all except himself in noting:<br />
the “wonders” of the year, and when his visitor added,<br />
“You have forgot to mention one birth, Doctor, that of<br />
Oliver Wendell Holmes,” the Autocrat quickly responded,<br />
“Oh, that doesn’t count ; I ‘sneaked in, as it were.” Dr.<br />
Holmes’s birthday this year was remembered, as usual, by<br />
his publishers, Houghton, Mifflin and Co., with a magnificent.<br />
bouquet of eighty-five roses, one for each year of the poet's,<br />
life, while other friends sent remembrances.<br />
The classification of Literature is a subject<br />
which belongs especially to the Institute of<br />
Librarians. If, however, the existing methods of<br />
classification are to be considered by this body,<br />
we may ask to send representatives to the<br />
deliberating committee. A letter by Mr. J.<br />
Taylor Kay, in the Daily Chronicle for Sept. 18,<br />
proposes that a commission consisting of one or<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 125 (#139) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I 25<br />
two members of the crafts of author, publisher,<br />
bookseller, journalist, and librarian, shall be<br />
appointed to consider existing systems, and to<br />
recommend, or to create, a classification for<br />
general use. Meantime Mr. Kay gives the<br />
classification which he considers the best, that of<br />
Mr. Melville Dewey, proposed in 1876. Here it<br />
IS :—<br />
CLASSES AND DIVISIONs.<br />
O 480 Greek.<br />
IO Bibliography. 490 Other Languages.<br />
2O Book Rarities and 500 NATURAL SCIENCE.<br />
MSS. 5IO Mathematics.<br />
30 General Cyclopedias. 520 Astronomy.<br />
40 Polygraphy. 53O Physics.<br />
50 General Periodials. 540 Chemistry.<br />
6O General Societies. 550 Geology.<br />
70 Bookbinding. 560 Paleontology.<br />
80 Catalogues. 57O Biology.<br />
90 58o Botany.<br />
IOO PHILOSOPHY. 590 Zoology.<br />
I IO Metaphysics. 6OO USEFUL ARTs.<br />
I 20 - 6IO Medicine.<br />
130 Anthropology. 62O Engineering.<br />
140 Schools of Psychology. 630 Agriculture.<br />
I 5o Mental Faculties. 64o Domestic Economy.<br />
16O Logic. 650 Communication and<br />
17o Ethics. Commerce.<br />
180 Ancient Philosophies. 660 Chemical Technology.<br />
190 Modern Philosophies. 670 Manufactures.<br />
2OO Theology. 68o Mechanic Trades.<br />
2Io Natural Theology. 690 Building.<br />
22O Bible. 700 FINE ARTs.<br />
23o Doctrinal Theology. 7Io Landscape Gardening.<br />
240 Practical and Devo- 720 Architecture.<br />
tional. 730 Sculpture.<br />
250 Homiletical and Pas- 740 Drawing and Design.<br />
toral. 75o Painting.<br />
26O Institutions and Mis- 76o Engraving.<br />
sions. 77O Photography.<br />
270 Ecclesiastical History. 78o Music.<br />
28o Christian sects. 790 Amusements.<br />
290 Non-Christian Reli- 8oo LITERATURE.<br />
gions. 8Io Treatises and Collec-<br />
3OO SOCIOLOGY. tions.<br />
3IO Statistics. 820 English.<br />
320 Political Science. 830 German.<br />
330 Political Economy. 84o French.<br />
340 Law. 85o Italian.<br />
350 Administration. 86o Spanish.<br />
360 Associations and In- 870 Latin.<br />
tutions. - 88o Greek.<br />
37O Education. 890 Other Languages.<br />
380 Commerce and Com- 90o HISTORY.<br />
- munication. 9IO Geography and De-<br />
390 Customs and Cos- scription.<br />
tumes. 920 Biography.<br />
4OO PHILOLOGY. 930 Ancient History.<br />
4IO Comparative. 940 Europe.<br />
42O English. 950 º ſ:<br />
430 German. 96o 3 || Africa.<br />
44O French. 97O 3 4 North America.<br />
450 Italian. 98o 3 | South America.<br />
460 Spanish. 990 Oceanica and<br />
47O Latin. Polar Regions.<br />
. . Each of these divisions is, of course, capable of<br />
mine further sub-divisions. In adapting the<br />
8th Alabama Regiment.<br />
system to shelving arrangements, the above<br />
numbers are the subjects or class numbers, and<br />
a decimal point number being added, acts at the<br />
order of numeration on the shelves, which in each<br />
case will, of course, run to infinity.<br />
An interesting point in literary history is<br />
touched upon by an “Old Novel Reader”<br />
(p. 129). He informs us that the first attempt<br />
to introduce cheap books was made in Ireland<br />
nearly sixty years ago, by Mr. John Simms, of<br />
the firm of Simms and MacIntyre, of Belfast.<br />
Mr. Henry Herman is dead. One was sur-<br />
prised to learn, first, that he was sixty-three<br />
years of age, and next, that he was formerly a<br />
Confederate officer—Lieutenant-Colonel of the<br />
He was the author,<br />
in collaboration with Mr. Henry Arthur Jones,<br />
of the “Silver King,” and he wrote “Claudian.”<br />
He also wrote, with Mr. David Christie Murray,<br />
two novels, and several without collaboration.<br />
He was a man of strong friendships, of great<br />
resource, and of wide personal experience.<br />
Sir Frederick Pollock (p. 126) objects to the<br />
“language” of a note of mine about the importa-<br />
tion of Tauchnitz books. He complains that it is a<br />
note of “vituperation.” I thought, in my feeble<br />
way, that it was a note written in good temper<br />
and without any calling of names. I have read<br />
it again ; and again I fail to find any “vitupera-<br />
tion.” Is it right, or is it not, to bring these<br />
books into England P. If it is not right, one is<br />
justified in saying so. The reason why the prac-<br />
tice is common is that many excellent people who<br />
carry it on are ignorant that it is much the same<br />
thing as smuggling a roll of lace. And this was<br />
pointed out in the note. However, as some<br />
readers have not perhaps read the note of<br />
September who will read Sir Frederick's remarks<br />
in October, I reproduce it, vituperation and all :<br />
Every year, as regularly as the showers of August,<br />
appears the letter complaining of the bold bad smuggler who<br />
imports Tauchnitz editions in his pockets. The whole family,<br />
girls and all, enter with zeal into the smuggling business;<br />
impromptu pockets are devised in feminine garments;<br />
men’s coats are found to contain stowage room previously<br />
unsuspected; a successful run is made ; and the family<br />
shelves are enriched with another row of Tauchnitz books.<br />
They have been bought at half the cost of the English<br />
edition, you see. Cheapness before anything. These books,<br />
moreover, are openly sold in this country; one may some-<br />
times see rows of them in the secondhand shops. What is<br />
to be done P. It is impossible to touch the conscience of the<br />
traveller homeward bound. He will not smuggle lace,<br />
because he understands that lace is property—it is visible<br />
property—he must not defraud the revenue ; literary pro-<br />
perty he does not understand—he cannot see it. Here is a<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 126 (#140) ############################################<br />
<br />
126<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
book—why cannot he take the book home with him P<br />
Because the law prohibits P Nonsense ; it can hurt nobody.<br />
It is impossible to make him see that to import this book is<br />
an infringement of right; a robbery of author or publisher,<br />
or both. Therefore something else must be attempted.<br />
What? Let us take counsel together. There must surely<br />
be some way of preventing the smuggling of books. Now<br />
the rough and ready way by which dockyard labourers are<br />
prevented from stealing dockyard stores might be at-<br />
tempted. Wardens of the yard stand at the gates and feel<br />
the men as they pass. An expert hand would detect a<br />
Tauchnitz in the coat pocket. And a substantial fine<br />
judiciously and sternly administered would do the rest. But<br />
perhaps some other method might be suggested.<br />
About the magnitude of the mischief; Sir<br />
Frederick puts it down at £50 or £100. Let us<br />
see. Every year there are at least 300,000<br />
travellers from the British Isles on the Continent.<br />
These include the people who crowd the hotels of<br />
Biarritz, the Riviera, and Italy in the winter; the<br />
people who stay at the mountain resorts; and the<br />
people who travel in the spring, summer, and<br />
autumn. All these people buy for their reading<br />
the Tauchnitz books. This collection contains<br />
2Ooo works, I believe, in about 25oo volumes. It<br />
is certainly not too much to estimate the annual<br />
purchase at one volume for each traveller. If<br />
only half of these volumes—say 150,000, repre-<br />
senting I2O,OOO works—are brought back to Eng-<br />
land, it means that I2O,OOO works printed abroad<br />
are annually brought over here, to the great detri-<br />
ment and loss of books printed in this country. We<br />
certainly must not assume that every book brought<br />
over prevents the purchase of an English manufac-<br />
tured book. But, remembering the way that<br />
books get lent, and that in certain houses, where<br />
not much can be spent in new books, every book<br />
is circulated, we may be pretty sure that the<br />
Tauchnitz books do prevent the purchase of a<br />
very large number of English books. I should be<br />
disposed, roughly, to estimate the yearly loss at<br />
something like 60,000 volumes, which means a<br />
good many thousand pounds, and I think that if<br />
the Society could do anything to stop the practice<br />
of bringing over these books, it would be doing<br />
good service to everybody concerned.<br />
The new departure which was observed by<br />
Messrs. Sampson Low, Marston, and Co. in the<br />
publication of Mr. Blackmore’s “Perlycross"<br />
has been followed in Mr. William Black's new<br />
novel “Highland Cousins.” The first issue of<br />
the novel in book form is in one volume at 6s.<br />
The edition consisted of 6000 copies, and the 4th,<br />
5th, and 6th thousand are so numbered on the<br />
title page. The month which produces “Trilby’’<br />
and “Perlycross” and “Highland Cousins” is<br />
fortunate indeed. WALTER BESANT.<br />
NOTES BY THE WAY.<br />
HE correspondent who complains, in the<br />
September number of the Author, that he<br />
dares not talk to his publisher like a man<br />
of business, has another way open to him. If he<br />
really believes in his own estimate of the com-<br />
mercial value of his work, he can easily make sure<br />
whether his view or the publisher's is right. Let<br />
him publish on commission. But this, it may be<br />
said, involves risk. Of course it does. Nothing<br />
venture, nothing have. In the usual forms of<br />
publishing contract the author is insured against<br />
risk by the publisher. People will not insure your<br />
book against publishing risks for nothing, any<br />
more than they will insure your house against<br />
fire, or your crops against storm. This insurance<br />
is not separately charged, but is one of the many<br />
elements determining the author's share of<br />
profits. In the case of an author who is already<br />
successful, the risk and the insurance premium<br />
may be taken as less than any assignable quan-<br />
tity. In the case of an unknown or hitherto<br />
unsuccessful author they are and must be appre-<br />
ciable. The fact that a new author's book suc-<br />
ceeds does not show that there was no risk, no<br />
more than the fact of one's house not being burnt<br />
down or one's ship wrecked shows that it was<br />
foolish to insure. For the rest, the Society can<br />
and does give information and advice to its<br />
members; it cannot provide them with back-<br />
bones.<br />
2. I must deprecate the language of the note<br />
about importing Tauchnitz editions. It is use-<br />
less to call people thieves and robbers for not<br />
being in advance of public opinion ; and I must<br />
also protest against the suggestion of adding<br />
some new inquisitorial procedure to the terrors<br />
of our custom houses, which are already, since<br />
the dynamite scare of ten or twelve years ago, the<br />
most troublesome in Western Europe. Neverthe-<br />
less, a law-abiding man ought to satisfy law and<br />
conscience, and at the same time do a work of<br />
charity to other travellers, by leaving his foreign<br />
reprints asan addition to some hotelorship library.<br />
Public opinion has to be educated on this point,<br />
but it is not to be done by vituperation. Mean-<br />
while, I should like to know whether the total<br />
loss to British publishers and authors by the<br />
private importation of Tauchnitz copies amounts<br />
to anything like 3100 or £50 in a year. We<br />
certainly cannot assume that every one who brings<br />
in a Tauchnitz copy of a popular book would<br />
otherwise have bought an English one. It seems<br />
to me that we have more important things to<br />
attend to, even in this particular line. For<br />
example, the book market of the minor colonies is,<br />
or very lately was, supplied almost wholly by<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 127 (#141) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
127<br />
pirated issues notwithstanding the efforts already<br />
made by the Society to procure better inforce-<br />
ment of the law. The same mischief exists,<br />
though not so largely, in Canada.<br />
3. The question of filling up the Laureateship<br />
iseems to me outside the business of the Society<br />
of Authors. Individual members are entitled to<br />
their opinions. I shall not state mine, but I feel<br />
sure that any corporate attempt at meddling in<br />
this matter could only bring the Society into<br />
ridicule.<br />
4. I have observed with uneasiness, in the<br />
Author and elsewhere, a tendency to revive the<br />
high metaphysical theory of copyright as a per-<br />
petual and immutable right of property conferred<br />
by the law of nature. This theory is, in my<br />
opinion, unsound, and at all events it has been<br />
definitely rejected by English and American law.<br />
'Copyright is property, but not a property in<br />
ideas; it is a monopoly or exclusive franchise,<br />
created for reasons of policy, in particular forms<br />
whereby ideas are expressed. M. Mallarmé's<br />
project is of a different order. It is an instal-<br />
ment of Socialism, and points towards a proposal<br />
which I quite expect to see seriously made some<br />
day, namely, to abolish copyright and substitute<br />
the endowment of literature by a State depart-<br />
ment, which department would, as a probable<br />
though not necessary corollary, be invested with<br />
large powers of censorship. Let authors consider<br />
how they would like this. -<br />
FREDERICK POLLOCK.<br />
*— - -º<br />
HAMMERSMITH PUBLIC LIBRARY,<br />
- HE Report of the Commissioners for the<br />
Public Library of Hammersmith for the<br />
year 1893-94 has been sent to us. The facts<br />
and figures are instructive. By an unfortunate<br />
omission the rules of the library are not presented<br />
with the report, so that the subscription or price<br />
of a ticket for the lending library cannot be<br />
learned. That it is very small is shown from the<br />
return of receipts for the year, in which<br />
320 Os. 5d. is set down for sales of tickets.<br />
Comparing the number of applicants for new<br />
tickets with the amount realised, it would seem<br />
that 2:#d. was the price of a ticket, but perhaps<br />
this is wrong.<br />
Bowever, there are about Io,000 borrowers.<br />
An analysis of the professions and trades of the<br />
2OOO who enrolled themselves during the year<br />
shows 350 belonging to the professional classes,<br />
among them two authors, three publishers, one<br />
barrister, one solicitor, fourteen clergymen, two<br />
missionaries, nine journalists, while the rest are<br />
all working men and working women. The<br />
library, therefore, belongs to all classes. It con-<br />
tains II,500 books, of which more than one-fourth<br />
belong to fiction. It is greatly to be hoped that<br />
in the next report the commissioners will give an<br />
analysis of the books taken out, showing the<br />
names of the authors mostly read. There is,<br />
however, a classified list showing the number of<br />
books in each class. The figures are very satis-<br />
factory. The IO,OOO borrowers between them,<br />
representing, in the proportion, viz., 18 per cent.<br />
of the professional to 82 per cent. of the working<br />
classes, read between them the following:<br />
Theology and Philosophy 1,958 books<br />
History and Biography... 7,088<br />
Voyages and Travels 5,220 , ,<br />
Law and Politics ......... 679 ,<br />
Arts and Sciences......... 8,027 ,<br />
Fiction ..................... I 25,827 ,<br />
Poetry, Drama, and<br />
Classics .................. I,725 23<br />
Miscellaneous and Maga-<br />
Zines ..................... 9,469 ×<br />
Juvenile Literature ... ... 28,350 ,<br />
Music........................ 1,871 ,,<br />
In all they read I 90,214 books, which, divided<br />
among the IO, SOO, means very nearly twenty<br />
books a-head. Since reading is no longer to the<br />
great mass of mankind study but recreation, and<br />
since it may be allowed that the Commissioners<br />
and the librarian between them know how to<br />
present only literature that is worthy of being<br />
read, we need not wonder at fiction representing<br />
60 per cent. of the books taken out. If, however,<br />
we ask what fiction is read, the answer exactly<br />
agrees with what has been repeatedly advanced in<br />
these columns; that the general public turned<br />
into a public library read exactly what the limited<br />
public turned into Mudie’s library read, viz., the<br />
newest fiction by living writers first, and that they<br />
call for these books oftenest. This must neces-<br />
sarily be the case, because the books of the day will<br />
always interest more than the books of yesterday.<br />
Thus Rider Haggard’s books go out at the rate of<br />
56 copies a year for each volume, but Scott's<br />
only 22 ; Thomas Hardy’s novels are taken out<br />
at the rate of 47 copies a year for each book;<br />
Charles Dickens's at the rate of 35; Thackeray,<br />
23; Charles Kingsley, 36. The dead novelists<br />
still in demand at the Hammersmith Library<br />
may be classified as follows:–<br />
Wilkie Collins ............... 26O4 issues.<br />
Harrison Ainsworth ......... I926 ,<br />
Miss Muloch .................. I 594 3,<br />
Lord Lytton .................. I494 3,<br />
Anthony Trollope ............ I494 3,<br />
Dickens ........................ I388 ,<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 128 (#142) ############################################<br />
<br />
fº&<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
Sir W. Scott ~<br />
II 22 issues.<br />
Lever ................. ......... 815 ,<br />
George Eliot .................. 696 »<br />
Thackeray ..................... 5I 7 2,<br />
Charlotte Bronté ............ 347 ,<br />
As to the popularity of living authors the<br />
returns are not trustworthy, because the collections<br />
do not appear to be complete.<br />
On the same subject the Tibrarian of the<br />
Clerkenwell Public Library—Mr. J. D. Brown—<br />
writes as follows: “My experience is that slush<br />
and truck are avoided even by the classes who<br />
are supposed to have nothing in the nature of<br />
educated perception about them. Give even the<br />
ordinary public library boy reader his choice<br />
between one of Henty’s tales and ‘Broadway<br />
Bill’s Adventures in Denver,’ and it will soon be<br />
seen that Paternoster-row licks the Bowery.’”<br />
• *=~~~~~<br />
--z-------<br />
FICTION.<br />
HE following is an enumeration of the prin-<br />
T cipal novels and tales published in one,<br />
two, and three volumes respectively during<br />
the last three years—Sept. 1891 to Aug. 1894, both<br />
included. It is compiled from the monthly list of<br />
, “New Books and New Editions” published in<br />
the Author, these lists being prepared from the<br />
daily announcements. Each work is counted<br />
once only, taking no account of the numerous<br />
new editions. Translations are not included :-<br />
1891. 1892. 1893.<br />
1. 2 3 1. 2 3 1 2 3<br />
Vol. Wols. Vols. Vol. Vols. Vols. Vol. Vols. Vols.<br />
September ... Ig | 2 || 5 || 2 I | 2 | II || 48 || 1 || 12<br />
October ...... 28 || 4 || 7 || 62 || 2 || 14 || 81 8, 16<br />
November ... 52 || 3 || 6 || 52 || 8 || Io || 75 || 6 || Io<br />
December ... 18 || 3 9 || 35 | 5 || 5 || 51 || 6 9<br />
1892. 1893. 1894.<br />
January ....., I6 || 2 7 I I I 2 8 || 24 2 6<br />
February ... I9 || 3 || 5 || I4 5 8 || 20 || 4 8<br />
March ...... 28 2 8 || 2I IO || 23 4 4.<br />
April ......... I9 || 4 4 || 26 2 6 || 30 7 7<br />
May ......... 35 || 5 || IO 27 | 5 9 || 28 || 4 || 13<br />
June ......... 23 2 6 || 38 || 4 || I4 || 41 || 8 || 14<br />
July ......... 18 4 3 : 36 I 5 || 28 3 3<br />
August ...... I9 2 3 || 25 | I 3 I7 2 2<br />
Totals... 204] 36 || 73 ||368 || 37 IO3|466 55 IO2<br />
Note, in connection with this list, a passage in<br />
the Author for Sept. 1894, page IO7:—<br />
“Perhaps the most striking, because the most<br />
ignorant, comment on the recent three-volume<br />
novel discussion is the following:—‘The simple<br />
fact is, that until the public can be educated to:<br />
buy books instead of borrowing them, the attempt<br />
to produce original works of fiction in one volume:<br />
must inevitably result in a ruinous failure.’”<br />
It will be observed that the one-volume form.<br />
has increased in two years from 294 to 466. This.<br />
form is produced for the buying public. Some of<br />
the books have run into many thousands of copies;,<br />
we have not heard of any ruinous failures in<br />
consequence of their appearance.<br />
II.—THE THREE-VoIUME NOVEL.<br />
The London Booksellers’ Society has addressed<br />
a letter to publishers. The letter was published<br />
on July 18 in the Westminster Gazette, from<br />
whose columns it is here quoted. By accident the<br />
slip has been delayed two months:–<br />
“We observe in the circular addressed to you<br />
by Messrs. Mudie and Messrs. W. H. Smith and<br />
Son, with reference to the price of three-volume:<br />
novels, that they suggest—‘That you shall<br />
agree not to issue cheaper editions of novels and<br />
of other books, which have been taken for library<br />
circulation, within twelve months from the date.<br />
of publication.” We beg to convey to you our<br />
unqualified disapproval of such a proposal, and<br />
in the event of your being inclined to entertain<br />
the idea, we desire, at this early stage, to enter<br />
our formal protest against such an injustice to:<br />
the bookseller. At the same time we are very<br />
conscious that on this subject your own ideas.<br />
and ours run on parallel lines. As the whole<br />
question of three-volume novels is now being<br />
raised, we should like to say that it would be a<br />
great satisfaction to us if good works of fiction<br />
ceased to be issued in this way. We are unani-<br />
<br />
mously in favour of such novels being published<br />
at once in a six-shilling form, or, at any rate, at<br />
some popular price, and we feel convinced that.<br />
not only would the bookseller order such volumes<br />
in large numbers, but that the library orders.<br />
would not be diminished. As to ‘other books,’<br />
we have long been of opinion that the price at<br />
which they are issued upon first publication pro-<br />
hibits sales.”<br />
III.-LoRD CHESTERFIELD ON NOVELS.<br />
In connection with the discussion on the length.<br />
of novels, I think the following quotation from<br />
Lord Chesterfield is not inapposite: “I am in<br />
doubt whether you know what a novel is : it is a<br />
little gallant history, which must contain a great<br />
deal of love, and not eaceed one or two small,<br />
volumes. The subject must be a love affair, the<br />
lovers are to meet with many difficulties and<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 129 (#143) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I-29<br />
obstacles, to oppose the accomplishment of their<br />
wishes, but at last overcome them all, and the<br />
conclusion or catastrophe must leave them happy.<br />
A novel is a kind of abbreviation of a romance;<br />
for a romance generally consists of twelve<br />
volumes, all filled with insipid love nonsense and<br />
most incredible adventures.”<br />
F. Norreys Conn ELL.<br />
IV.--THE Two-WOLUME, NOVEL.<br />
As no voice has so far been raised on behalf of<br />
the two-volume novel during your late interest-<br />
ing discussion upon the rival merits of its longer<br />
and shorter sister, might Inow urge my feeble plea<br />
for it P. In the first place, would not many three-<br />
volume novels be improved in quality by some<br />
compression P. How often the padding will come<br />
out in that third inevitable volume. Witness<br />
even “Lord Ormont and his Aminta.” I am an<br />
ancient and omnivorous novel reader, and I speak<br />
the name of George Meredith with all due<br />
reverence, but here for the first time I did strip<br />
some irrelevant (as it seemed to me) details and<br />
conversations, not bearing in his usual admirable<br />
way upon the plot, which helped to expand two<br />
very short first vols. and this filled up last one<br />
into the publishers’ fatal three.<br />
I speak in ignorance of the financial aspect of<br />
the question. Perhaps you would enlighten us a<br />
little as to that matter. As regards the reader,<br />
his pocket would benefit of course, though less<br />
than if the com oression into one solid mass,<br />
involving smaller type and poorer margins,<br />
became general. But then our eyes. We<br />
especially who go on loving fiction in our<br />
decrepitude. Besides, who has the courage to<br />
face a one-volume “Middlemarch " or “Diana<br />
of the Crossways,” if even the shabbiest of<br />
second-hand editions in decent print can be had<br />
second-hand on easy terms ?<br />
May I venture, in my role of sexagenarian, to<br />
correct a statement in your August number to<br />
the following effect, and by so doing do justice<br />
to an enterprising Irish firm of publishers ?<br />
“The cheap edition” you say “was introduced<br />
about thirty years ago.” It is almost double that<br />
term of years since Mr. John Simms, of the firm<br />
of Simms and MacIntyre, an old established firm<br />
in Belfast, invented the shilling novel. This<br />
gentleman is still alive. I inclose his address<br />
On the chance that you may care to have a few<br />
particulars of his venture. I remember, when<br />
a child, the arrival of each gay green monthly<br />
volume as it came to be read aloud of an evening,<br />
and then added to the long rows of its fellows on<br />
the book-shelves. These bore on their backs the<br />
names of Miss Mitford, Mary Howitt, Mrs. Gore,<br />
shilling.<br />
Mrs. Trollope (Anthony's mother), the Banims.<br />
(O'Hara family), Carleton, Gerald Griffin, and<br />
numbers of other good novelists, to say nothing<br />
of the great “Monte Christo,” “Consuelo,” and<br />
hosts of the better sort of French and German.<br />
stories, translated for the first time into English.<br />
All these came to us at the modest price of one<br />
With many apologies for intruding on<br />
your space, I am, sir, yours faithfully,<br />
AN OLD NOVEL READER.<br />
THE AUTUMN ANNOUNCEMENTS.<br />
Tº: following announcements are reduced<br />
and classified from the lists published in<br />
the Athenæum up to Sept. 22. The order<br />
followed is that of their appearance in that.<br />
paper.<br />
Among the more important books announced<br />
by Messrs. Longmans are Froude's “Life and<br />
Letters of Erasmus;” Gardimer’s “History of<br />
the Commonwealth;” “Wandering Words,” by<br />
Sir Edwin Arnold; Liddon’s “Life of Pusey,”<br />
third vol. ; Liddon’s “Clerical Life and Work;”<br />
the Bishop of Peterborough’s “Hulsean Lectures.<br />
for 1894.” They announce one three volume<br />
novel, one novel in one volume, and a complete.<br />
set of Mrs. Walford’s books. A new edition of<br />
Max Müller’s “Chips from a German Workshop;”<br />
a new edition of Chesney’s “Indian Polity;” and<br />
a new edition of Leslie Stephen’s “Playground<br />
of Europe,” are also in their list of thirty-seven<br />
new books.<br />
Messrs. Chatto and Windus will produce fifty-<br />
seven new books, including three novels in<br />
three volumes; five in two volumes; twenty-five-<br />
in one volume ; some of these being cheap<br />
editions only. In what is called more solid.<br />
literature will be issued Wols. III. and IV. of<br />
Justin Huntly M*Carthy’s “French Revolution;”<br />
the Life and Inventions of Edison ; a translation.<br />
of the Memoirs of the Duchess de Gontant ;.<br />
Flammarion’s “Popular Astronomy ; ” George<br />
MacDonald’s Poetical Works. Not belonging to .<br />
“solid" literature, is Lehmann’s “Conversational.<br />
Guide to Young Shooters,” from Punch.<br />
Messrs. Chambers's announcements are mainly<br />
of fiction. Nine one volume novels; four new<br />
volumes of popular biographies; and certain.<br />
elementary works.<br />
Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons announce forty--<br />
two works. Among these are biographies and<br />
studies of Rufus King, Oliver Cromwell, Tinto-<br />
retto, Napoleon, Prince Henry, Julian the<br />
Apostate, Louis XIV., Thomas Jefferson, Thomas<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 130 (#144) ############################################<br />
<br />
I 30<br />
THE AUTHOR,<br />
Paine—a sufficiently miscellaneous collection—<br />
and five novels.<br />
Messrs. Macmillan and Co. announce in all<br />
eighty-two works, including reprints and new<br />
editions and selections, and republished essays and<br />
papers. Among the reprints and old authors we<br />
find Shakespeare: a new Concordance to Shake-<br />
speare; Tennyson, “Gulliver's Travels;” Froissart,<br />
Thoreau, Chaucer, Keble, Southey, a new version<br />
of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, and several new<br />
editions of classical works. The more important<br />
of the new books are Matthew Arnold’s Letters;<br />
Mrs. Oliphant’s “Reign of Queen Anne,” Mrs.<br />
Steele's “Tales of the Punjab,” novels by Marion<br />
Crawford and Sir H. Cunningham, the Life of<br />
Dean Church, the Life of Cardinal Manning, the<br />
Life of Sir A. C. Ramsay, Frederic Harrison on<br />
“The Meaning of History;” Five Lectures by<br />
Freeman; Canon Atkinson on “Whitby,” and a<br />
book on Sport and Natural History, by the<br />
late George Kingsley.<br />
Mr. John Nimmo will publish eight new books,<br />
and will complete the “Border Waverley.”<br />
Among these books will be a biography of the<br />
late John Addington Symonds; a posthumous<br />
work by Symonds on Boccaccio; and a selection<br />
from the stories of Bandello.<br />
Mr. Edward Arnold announces twenty-six<br />
works, including a Life of Sir John Macdonald ;<br />
a Memoir of Maria Edgworth ; the Recollections<br />
of the Dean of Salisbury; Robert Sherard’s Life<br />
of Alphonse Daudet; Dean Hole's “Thoughts<br />
upon England spoken in America; ” and a selec-<br />
tion from Ste. Buive.<br />
Messrs. Hutchinson announce thirty-four new<br />
books. Among these are novels by Mrs. Oliphant,<br />
D. C. Murray, Mrs. Spender, the author of the<br />
- “Yellow Aster,” F. Frankfort Moore, Mrs. Dilke,<br />
Mrs. Alfred Marks, “Rita.” Adeline Sergeant,<br />
Amelia Barr, and Sarah Tytler.<br />
The Sunday School Union announces five books,<br />
including a volume to which Archdeacon Farrar<br />
- contributes. -<br />
Messrs. Cassell and Co. announce thirty-eight<br />
works. These include the second volume of<br />
Traill’s “Social History of England; ” George<br />
Augustus Sala’s Autobiography; a “Life of<br />
Daniel Defoe;” by Thomas Wright; and novels by<br />
Frank Stockton, Hesba Stretton, Max Pember-<br />
ton, H. Hutchinson, L. T. Meade, Mrs. Alex-<br />
ander, Mrs. Molesworth, Anthony Hope, Frank<br />
Barrett, Egerton Castle, Maurus Jokai, and<br />
Elizabeth Stuart Phelps.<br />
Messrs. Partridge and Co. announce twenty-<br />
seven works. Among these are Biographies of<br />
Reginald Heber, John Howard, Elizabeth Fry,<br />
and Bishop Alwyn. There are novels by G.<br />
Manville Fenn and Sarah Doudney, and there are<br />
books for boys and girls.<br />
The S.P.C.K. announce sixteen works. Among<br />
the writers are Mrs. Charles, Professor Maspero,<br />
G. Manville Fenn, F. Frankfort Moore, Harry<br />
Collingwood, and others,<br />
Messrs. Innes and Co. announce six new books,<br />
besides story books, for these children's series.<br />
Dorothea Gerard and Stanley Weyman have<br />
intrusted them with two novels.<br />
Messrs. Oliphant, Anderson, and Ferrier<br />
announce three new books, including one novel by<br />
Maggie Swan.<br />
Messrs. Bell announce twenty-eight books.<br />
Among them are a new volume of Pepys; a<br />
History of the British Navy, by Capt. Robinson,<br />
R.N. ; a new edition of “Eros and Psyche,” by<br />
Robert Bridges; a “Handbook to the Ruins of<br />
Rome,” by the Rev. Robert Burn; and a transla-<br />
tion of Gregorovius's “History of Rome in the<br />
Middle Ages.”<br />
Messrs. A. and C. Black announce nineteen<br />
works. Among them are Archdeacon Farrar on<br />
“The Life of Christ as represented in Art;” an<br />
“Introduction to the Book of Isaiah,” by the Rev.<br />
T. K. Cheyne; Haikel’s “Monism,” translated;<br />
“Syriac Literature,” by the late William Wright;<br />
“The Religion of the Semites” (new edition), by<br />
the late Professor Robertson Smith ; and three<br />
novels.<br />
Messrs. Methuen and Co. have forty-six books<br />
in preparation. Among them are six selections of<br />
English verse and one of English prose; additions<br />
to the different series running for this firm ; a<br />
History of Egypt, by Professor Flinders Petrie; a<br />
book on the French Riviera, by Mrs. Oliphant; a<br />
book of Ballads, by Rudyard Kipling; and novels<br />
in one volume by Baring Gould, W. E. Norris,<br />
Gilbert Parker, Anthony Hope, Conan Doyle,<br />
Robert Barr, “X, L.,” and Standish O'Grady.<br />
Messrs. Sonnenschein and Co. announce fifty-<br />
six works, of which thirteen are educational and<br />
thirteen belong to social and political economy.<br />
There is a volume of Ethical Discourses by<br />
Leslie Stephen; a new series, called “Social Eng-<br />
land Series,” will be commenced; and there are<br />
four novels.<br />
Mr. Fisher Unwin announces fifty-seven works.<br />
Among them are a translation of Villari’s<br />
Florence ; “A Literary History of the English<br />
People,” by M. J. J. Jusserand; the Life of<br />
Charles Bradlaugh, by his daughter; a Life of<br />
Abraham Lincoln, by John Nicolay and John<br />
Hay; Henry Norman's Travels in the Far East;<br />
four or five books of new verse; twenty novels,<br />
including one by the Rev. S. R. Crockett and<br />
one by “Rita; ” the Tales of John Oliver Hobbes,<br />
now first collected, in one volume ; and the com-<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 131 (#145) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I31<br />
mencement of a series called the “Criminology<br />
Series.”<br />
Messrs. Wells Gardner and Co. announce<br />
twenty-three works, including seven stories.<br />
Mr. John Hogg announces two books, viz., one<br />
on Whist and a collection of stories.<br />
The Cambridge University Press announce<br />
fifty-one books, of which the greater part are<br />
theological, classical and educational. Not a<br />
single mathematical or scientific work is in the<br />
list. The most important of the new books are<br />
“The History of English Law,” by Sir Frederick<br />
Pollock and Frederic William Maitland; “Chap-<br />
ters on the Principles of International Law,” by<br />
J. Westlake; “The Growth of British Policy,”<br />
by Sir J. R. Seeley; “Outlines of English<br />
Industrial History,” by W. Cunningham and E.<br />
A. McArthur; “The Europeans in India,” by H.<br />
Morse Stephens; and “The Foundation of the<br />
German Empire,” by J. W. Headlam.<br />
Messrs. Chapman and Hall are producing<br />
fifteen new books. The more important are Sir<br />
C. P. Beauchamp Walker's “Days of a Soldier's<br />
Tife,” Col. Malleson’s “Tife of Warren Hastings;<br />
Col. Cooper King’s “Life of George Washington,”<br />
“Life of General Lee,” by Fitzhugh Lee, his<br />
nephew ; six books of sport and travel, and five<br />
novels.<br />
Messrs. Heinemann has a list of thirty-five new<br />
books. Among them may be mentioned “Letters<br />
of Samuel Taylor Coleridge,” edited by Ernest<br />
Hartley Coleridge; “In Russet and Silver,” a<br />
new volume of poems by Edmund Gosse; three<br />
new volumes of the “Great Educator’”; seven-<br />
teen novels by Mrs. Lynn Linton, W. E.<br />
Norris, M. L. Pendered, including transla-<br />
tions of Björnstjerm, Björnson, Tourjuénief, and<br />
Zola.<br />
The “Roxburghe Press” announce sixteen<br />
books. Among them is the address of the<br />
Marquis of Salisbury to the British Association,<br />
revised.<br />
Mr. David Nutt announces twenty-one books.<br />
They are not all reprints of mediaeval and Tudor<br />
literature. Among them is Canon Jenkinson's<br />
“Cardinal Toussure and the Jesuits in China,”<br />
and “Lectures on Darwinism,” by the late<br />
Alfred Milne Marshall. -<br />
Messrs. Nisbet and Co. announce twenty-five<br />
new books, with a note of “several new volumes<br />
in the ‘Pilgrim’ and other series.” With the<br />
exception of two stories, they appear to be of a<br />
religious character.<br />
Messrs. Blackie and Sons announce five new<br />
books and a new series.<br />
Messrs. Routledge and Sons announce six new<br />
novels, beginning a series—new editions of Long-<br />
fellow, Grace Aguilar, Randolph Caldecott, and<br />
“The Three Musketeers,” and Harry Furniss's,<br />
Book of Romps.<br />
Messrs. Hodder and Stoughton announce<br />
thirty works. Of these twelve are devotional,<br />
seven are novels, the rest chiefly biographical.<br />
Messrs. Henry and Co. announce five books—<br />
One of sport, one of rhymes, one of housewifery,<br />
and two novels, of which one is by John Oliver<br />
Hobbes.<br />
Messrs. Oliphant, Anderson, and Farrier<br />
announce twelve books. Of these three are bio--<br />
graphical, one is devotional, seven are novels.<br />
*- = -º<br />
a- - -<br />
M. MALLARMES PROPOSAL.<br />
MALLARME'S proposal, published in<br />
M the month of August, called forth a .<br />
* considerable amount of discussion, for<br />
the most part favourable as to the general.<br />
principle involved, viz., that if literary property<br />
is to become everybody’s property after a term.<br />
of years it might very well be subject to a .<br />
tax, i.e., that those who, for trading purposes,<br />
produce books whose time of copyright has<br />
expired should pay to the State for that privi-.<br />
lege a royalty upon every copy sold. It is not<br />
expected that persons interested in this kind.<br />
of property should welcome the proposal —<br />
indeed, one or two such persons have already<br />
cried out pretty loudly against “taxing the<br />
public ’’ and “taxing knowledge.” But it would<br />
not be taxing the public at all, nor would it.<br />
be taxing knowledge; it would be taxing the<br />
publisher for permission to use literary pro-.<br />
perty for his own individual emolument. We.<br />
may be very certain that a book now sold.<br />
for a shilling, if it were subject to a half.<br />
penny stamp, would continue to be sold for a<br />
shilling.<br />
The opinion of our Chairman, Sir Frederick<br />
Pollock, on the proposal will be found in another<br />
column (p. 127). Meanwhile, without consider-<br />
ing the possibility or even the wisdom of such a .<br />
scheme, let us see how it would work.<br />
Suppose such a tax imposed. It would be<br />
collected by the simple process of affixing a<br />
stamp on every copy that went out of the pub-<br />
lisher's office. It would produce say, at a half-<br />
penny in the shilling, a small revenue, say, of<br />
320,000 a year. What could be done with that<br />
money P Would the heirs of the authors by the<br />
sale of whose books it was raised be entitled to<br />
take it all? Clearly not, because then the needy<br />
author would be induced to sell his possible.<br />
claims in futurity as he now sells his copyright,<br />
very likely for a mere song. It must, therefore,<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 132 (#146) ############################################<br />
<br />
** * * *<br />
I:32:<br />
be thrown into a special Fund—not the Literary<br />
Fund, which exists only for the relief of<br />
occasional distress, but a special Fund which<br />
shall distribute the income. The rights of<br />
successful books would then belong to the<br />
mation in trust. This Fund would be used for<br />
the purpose of preventing distress. It is always<br />
a miserable and a humiliating thing to appeal<br />
to the Literary Fund for assistance; it would be<br />
well not to extend the humiliations. Such a Fund<br />
as that proposed should be used for conferring<br />
pensions on the children and grandchildren of<br />
great writers, should they be in want; and in giv-<br />
ing pensions to living writers should their works<br />
warrant the grant. Such pensions to the living<br />
would be like a good-service pension in the navy,<br />
an honour and a distinction. It is not, however,<br />
in the least likely that the proposal will ever go<br />
farther.<br />
One point rises out of the discussion. It is<br />
fifty years since the question of terminable copy-<br />
right was discussed. Perhaps the time has now<br />
returned when the question should be again<br />
-discussed. If the same arguments would be<br />
used which then prevailed they would at least be<br />
clothed in new language, and would be set forth<br />
by leader writers and magazine writers in<br />
language that would be understood by the<br />
people. Whatever the conclusion of such a<br />
discussion might be as to the law, one good<br />
result would certainly follow: that authors would<br />
better understand what is meant by copyright,<br />
and would more stiffly demand agreements in<br />
accordance with their rights of property. It may<br />
be quite true that only one book in a thousand<br />
enjoys an existence of a hundred years; it is cer-<br />
tainly quite true that most agreements are based<br />
on the tacit understanding that the work will not<br />
become a classic. At the same time, every writer<br />
should act as if his book was going to become<br />
immortal.<br />
*— — —”<br />
a- - -<br />
A DISHONEST AUTHOR,<br />
R. HEINEMANN communicates to the<br />
Daily Chronicle the following story:<br />
“Years ago a clever author brought<br />
to the publisher an incomplete MS., saying that<br />
the remainder should be delivered within a few<br />
weeks, and pressing the publisher to at once go<br />
to press with the part delivered. His plausible and<br />
pleasant manner persuaded the unsuspecting<br />
publisher to do so, and, with the additional plea<br />
of poverty, he obtained a large sum of money on<br />
account of the price of the whole. For years the<br />
publisher vainly begged, prayed, clamoured,<br />
insisted to be given the remainder of that MS.,<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
so that the book could be published; but, waiving<br />
aside all trivial considerations of honesty and<br />
good faith, the author, with a splendid indiffe-<br />
rence, steadily declined to again put his pen to<br />
paper to complete the work in question. Neither<br />
did he vouchsafe any satisfaction to his victim.<br />
When all amicable means failed, and the publisher<br />
found himself duped and deceived, the arm of<br />
the law was called in, but every stick that the<br />
author owned had been cleverly donated to<br />
another. The book was never completed, never<br />
published, except that the author used the<br />
identical title for a later work issued through<br />
another channel. The publisher, however,<br />
resigned himself to his loss, and refrained even<br />
from attempting to persuade a British jury that<br />
money had been obtained from him under false<br />
pretences.”<br />
One has heard from time to time of this case,<br />
but vaguely. It is like a nursery story beginning<br />
“Once upon a time.” It would be well if it<br />
were fitted with a name and date. Meantime<br />
we may note Mr. Heinemann's sweeping state-<br />
ment that publishers are “only too often victims<br />
of thieves most cunning, robbers most unscru-<br />
pulous.” Only “too often " ? Then let us hear<br />
another case or two, if another can be found.<br />
No good is accomplished by exaggerating the<br />
importance of a single fact so as to make it<br />
appear like a typical instead of an isolated fact.<br />
Publishers, in fact, are not “too often º’ victims<br />
of such dishonesty; though they may be sometimes<br />
treated in this manner. No one supposes that<br />
every writer is therefore an honourable man.<br />
Publishers may also lend money to an author in<br />
difficulties, and find it difficult to get that money<br />
back, a thing which happens in every profession<br />
or trade. Would it not be better to recognise<br />
all along that between author and publisher<br />
the same business precautions should be observed<br />
as between any other two parties to a business<br />
transaction ?<br />
No one pretends that perfect confidence should<br />
be placed in an author because he is an author;<br />
nor does any man in any business, except that<br />
of publishing, demand that absolute confidence<br />
shall be placed in him simply because he is in that<br />
business.<br />
><br />
º:<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 133 (#147) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I 33<br />
BOOK TALK.<br />
R.S. STEVENSON will contribute a new<br />
volume to Messrs. Hutchinson’s series of<br />
“Homespun Stories.” It will be called<br />
“Woodrup's Dinah, a Tale of Nidderdale.” She<br />
has also nearly ready a story entitled “Helena<br />
Hadley.”<br />
Among the reprints announced in the literary<br />
columns, the most interesting to one old enough<br />
to remember the literature of the sixties is that<br />
of Henry Kingsley's novels. He had the misfor-<br />
tune to be the rival of his brother, who came first<br />
and had the advantage always conferred by a<br />
serious and a religious turn. Kingsley's Devon-<br />
shire lads who sailed westward ho! all carried<br />
a Bible in their pockets, and were extremely<br />
careful not to use naughty words. . In “Alton<br />
Locke” and in “Yeast ’’ Charles Kingsley was a<br />
reformer and a radical ; in “Hypatia” he gave<br />
us nineteenth century difficulties discussed by<br />
philosophers in Alexandria from an English point<br />
..of view taken about the year 1860. Henry<br />
Kingsley, on the other hand, had no reforms to<br />
propose, no grievances to remove, no difficulties<br />
to encounter. He took the world as he found it; he<br />
had no theological difficulties; he was not plagued<br />
with “questions; ” and he wrote his stories about<br />
the men and women that he knew. Thirty years<br />
ago they were rattling good stories—considered as<br />
stories, a good deal better than his brother could<br />
produce, with a lighter touch and a more<br />
dramatic instinct. Whether, after all these years,<br />
one would find them as bright and interesting<br />
remains to be seen. Mr. Clement Shorter edits<br />
the books and contributes a memoir. I have<br />
Beard that Henry Kingsley wrote the most<br />
delightful letters possible, but I have never had<br />
the opportunity of reading any of them. Perhaps<br />
Mr. Shorter will be able to give the world an<br />
illustration.<br />
Mr. John Bloundelle-Burton's new novel, “The<br />
Hispaniola Plate,” will commence in the St.<br />
James's Budget, on Friday, the 5th inst., and will<br />
be illustrated by M. G. Montbard. In this novel<br />
the scene will be laid partly in the present day<br />
and partly in the last days of the Stuart period,<br />
bothepochs being connected by incidents pertaining<br />
to the ends of the seventeenth and nineteenth<br />
centuries. The action of the story takes place<br />
principally in the Virgin Islands.<br />
A translation of “Astronomie Populaire,” by<br />
M. Camille Flammarion, the well-known French<br />
astronomer, will be published immediately by<br />
Messrs. Chatto and Windus. The work, which is a<br />
very interesting and popular one, written expressly<br />
for the general reader, had an enormous sale in<br />
France, no less than IOO,OOO copies having been<br />
sold in a few years Several new illustrations<br />
have been added, and the work has been carefully<br />
brought up to date by the translator, Mr. J. E.<br />
Gore, F.R.A.S.<br />
Cecil Clarke has just issued a new novel,<br />
entitled “An Artist's Fate,” through Mr. Elliot<br />
Stock.<br />
Mr. Maberly Phillips, F.S.A., of the Bank<br />
of England, Newcastle-on-Tyne, has written a<br />
book on the History of Banks and Bankers of<br />
Northern England. The book deals with early<br />
currency, the establishment of the first north-<br />
country bank, traces the evolution from their<br />
early beginnings of the many well-established<br />
banking concerns which now exist, and gives<br />
most interesting accounts of the serious failures<br />
which attended the efforts of the earlier bankers<br />
to cope with the rapid strides in trade and<br />
industry which followed the epoch-making inven-<br />
tion of steam power. It will be published<br />
immediately by Messrs. Effingham, Wilson,<br />
and Co.<br />
Mr. C. A. M. Fennell, Litt.D., proposes a<br />
“National Dictionary of English Language and<br />
Literature.” It is to be issued in monthly parts<br />
at a subscription of three guineas paid in advance,<br />
or four guineas in parts. The work will be based<br />
on full indexes of certain selected authors, with<br />
quotations from many others.<br />
We learn from the New York Critic that<br />
Messrs. Dodd, Mead, and Co., of Boston, are<br />
about to issue a new edition of Mrs. Trollope's<br />
famous “Domestic Manners of the Americans,”<br />
in two volumes, with ninety-four illustrations<br />
from contemporary drawings reproduced from<br />
the first edition of 1832.<br />
From the same paper we learn that a new and<br />
complete Concordance to Shakespeare, by Mr.<br />
John Bartlett, who has been engaged upon the<br />
work for eighteen years, will be published in<br />
New York immediately. It will fill 1910<br />
double column quarto pages. Also that Mr.<br />
Richard Watson Eddis's poems will shortly be<br />
issued in a collected form by the Century<br />
Company.<br />
Max O’Rell sails for America this month on a<br />
fourth lecture tour in the States.<br />
On Longevity of Authors, “H. G. K.” says:<br />
“You might have noted Hobbes, Fontenelle,<br />
St. Evremond, and Goethe, whose united ages<br />
amount to 368, an average of 92.”<br />
A new edition has just appeared of Mr. Powis<br />
Bale’s “Handbook for Steam Users” (Long-<br />
mans), and a new and enlarged edition of “Wood-<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 134 (#148) ############################################<br />
<br />
I34.<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
working Machinery; its Rise, Progress, and Con-<br />
struction ” (Crosby, Lockwood, and Son).<br />
Early in the autumn a new serial story by Fitz-<br />
gerald Molloy, entitled “A Justified Sinner,” will<br />
be run through Messrs. Tillotson's syndicate of<br />
newspapers.<br />
The same author began in the third week of<br />
this month (September) a sensational serial novel<br />
called “In Shadow of Shame,” in Cassell’s<br />
Saturday Journal. This story deals with a cer-<br />
tain operation performed on the brain, and the<br />
consequences which follow. The incident has<br />
not previously been used in fiction. Mr. Fitz-<br />
gerald Molloy recently told an interviewer<br />
that such a case was brought to his notice<br />
by a distinguished surgeon, and that the<br />
chapter in which he, the author, deals with<br />
the subject is largely copied from the medical<br />
reports, all distressing and disagreeable details<br />
being omitted.<br />
Mr. Thomas Aspden, author of “The House of<br />
Stanley,” “Queen Victoria,” &c., will produce a<br />
political novel this month called “The Member<br />
for Workshire; or Church and State.” The pub-<br />
lishers are Swan, Sonnenschein, and Co.<br />
Mr James Baker, F.R.G.S., has had two works<br />
published during the past month; one, “Pictures<br />
from Bohemia,” being this year's volume of the<br />
“Pen and Pencil” series of the Religious Tract<br />
Society. The volume is very artistic, being<br />
illustrated by Walter Crane, Henry Whatley, and<br />
other artists who have travelled with the author<br />
in distant Bohemia; a country crowded with<br />
historical and picturesque and artistic surprises.<br />
The second work of Mr. James Baker is wholly<br />
historical, entitled “A Forgotten Great English-<br />
man.” It deals with the life of Peter Payne, a<br />
great leader of men in the 15th century, who, as<br />
principal of an Oxford college, had to flee for his<br />
opinions, and became a chief in Bohemia of the<br />
powerful Hussite movement, being first always in<br />
debates, in councils, and in treaties; a man with<br />
whom Pope, Kaiser, and kings had to reckon; a<br />
leader of thought of his century, and yet forgotten<br />
|by his own country, as the letters embodied in the<br />
volume from such authorities as the late Pro-<br />
fessor E. A. Freeman, Professor J. A. Froude,<br />
Mr. W. E. Gladstone, Professor James Rowley,<br />
and others fully prove. This volume, like the<br />
first, is the outcome of Mr. Baker’s travels and<br />
researches in Bohemia.<br />
Readers and students of Scandinavian litera-<br />
ture and history may note that they may obtain<br />
catalogues of Scandinavian books at the Skandi-<br />
navisk Antiquaria, 49, Gothersgade, Copen-<br />
hagen.<br />
Mr. Robert Sherard has now completed his<br />
biographical study of Alphonse Daudet. It will<br />
be published this autumn with a portrait, a fac-<br />
simile letter, and other illustrations.<br />
Mr. John Codman Roper, author of “The<br />
Campaign of Waterloo,” has written the “Story<br />
of the American Civil War.” It will be pub-<br />
lished by Putnams in three volumes.<br />
Mr. James Field has collected his papers, which<br />
appeared originally in Scribner's, into a volume,<br />
which will be published by the same house.<br />
Max O’Rell's new book “John Bull and Co. :<br />
the Great Colonial Branches of the Firm,” will<br />
be issued simultaneously in England, America,<br />
and France.<br />
Mr. John Burroughs has a new volume of<br />
“Outdoor” essays in the press (Houghton,<br />
Mifflin, and Co.). Three other “Outdoor” books<br />
are announced in the New York Critic from the<br />
same firm.<br />
The “Book Hunter in London,” by W.<br />
Roberts, will appear in the autumn. It will form<br />
a companion to M. Octave Uzanne’s “Physio-<br />
logie des Quais de Paris,” better known under<br />
the title of the English translation of “The<br />
Book-Hunter in Paris.” In this contribution<br />
to the history of book-collecting the results<br />
of many years’ inveterate book-hunting will<br />
be chronicled, and the experiences not only<br />
of the compiler but of many past and present<br />
distinguished “hunters” will be laid under con-<br />
tribution. The introductory chapter takes the<br />
form of an essay on “The Theory and Practice of<br />
Book-Hunting.” This is followed by a disserta-<br />
tion on book-hunting in London from the<br />
earliest times to the eighteenth century. Other<br />
chapters deal with book auctions and auctioneers;<br />
with some famous collections and collectors;<br />
with book thieves; with bookstalling in London;<br />
with famons booksellers; with lady book-col-<br />
lectors; with the prices paid for particular books<br />
in past and present times, booksellers' catalogues,<br />
and other interesting matters connected with the<br />
subject. In a book covering such a wide field<br />
it is naturally impossible for the efforts of one<br />
man to gather into his net all the numerous<br />
incidents and anecdotes connected with book-<br />
hunting in London. The author, therefore,<br />
invites any information or suggestion sent without<br />
delay to him, as well as the loan or indication<br />
of rare or curious pictorial illustrations of the<br />
subject, at 86, Grosvenor-road, S.W.<br />
A new method of publication is about to be put<br />
to the test by the Roxburghe Press, of 3, Victoria-<br />
street, Westminster, and 32, Charing-cross, S.W.,<br />
who announce a “time ’’ limited edition of<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 135 (#149) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I 35<br />
“Phantasms,” a volume of original stories,<br />
illustrating posthumous personality and character,<br />
by Wirt Gerrare, author of “Rufus's Legacy.”<br />
Instead of confining the edition to a predeter-<br />
mined number of copies, the publishers will<br />
supply booksellers until Dec. 31 next, after which<br />
date all sales by the publishers will be stopped,<br />
and no other edition will be issued during the<br />
continuance of the copyright. The sole edition<br />
will be popular and modern in price and form, and<br />
the limit is made with a view to guard booksellers<br />
from deterioration in value of any stock carried<br />
over at the end of the season, and as affording a<br />
safer investment than offered by the purchase of<br />
first editions, subject to cheap reissues and<br />
remainder sales.<br />
The Roxburghe Press have in preparation “The<br />
Magistracy,” being a directory and biographical<br />
dictionary of the justices of the peace of the United<br />
Ringdom, revised to date and edited by Charles<br />
F. Rideal; “Evolution,” a retrospect by the<br />
Marquis of Salisbury, K.G., being the address<br />
(slightly revised by the author) recently delivered<br />
before the Royal British Association; a second<br />
edition of the “Law and Lawyers of Pickwick,”<br />
by Frank Lockwood, Q.C., M.P., slightly revised,<br />
with an original drawing by the author of Mr.<br />
Sergeant Buzfuz; a third edition of “Wellerisms”<br />
from “Pickwick” and “Master Humphrey's<br />
Clock,” selected by Charles F. Rideal,” with an<br />
introduction by Charles Kent and an entirely<br />
original drawing of “Sam Weller,” by George<br />
Cruickshank, jun. ; “Woman Regained,” a novel<br />
of artistic life by George Barlow; a second<br />
revised edition of “Charles Dickens' Heroines<br />
and Women Folk,” some thoughts concerning<br />
them, by Charles F. Rideal, with original<br />
drawings or Edith Dombey and Dot ; “The<br />
Reunion of Christendom,” by Cardinal Vaughan,<br />
being the slightly revised address recently<br />
delivered before the Catholic Truth Society;<br />
“Young Gentlemen of to-day,” by Charles F.<br />
Rideal, illustrated by “Crow’”; “Phantasms,”<br />
Original stories illustrating posthumous character<br />
and personality, by Wirt Gerrare, a time-limited<br />
'edition ; “The Mountain Lake and other Poems,”<br />
from the works of Friedrich von Bodenstedt,<br />
translated by Mrs. Percy Preston, an edition<br />
limited to 450 copies; “Told at the Club,” some<br />
short stories, being No. 1 of the “Pot-boiler”<br />
series, by Charles F. Rideal; “Accidents,” by<br />
I)r. G. M. Lowe, lecturer and examiner to the St.<br />
John Ambulance Association; “Young Babies,<br />
their Food and Troubles,” by Mrs. Truman and<br />
Miss Edith Sykes; and a second edition of 5000<br />
copies of “Food for the Sick” by the same<br />
authors; “The Reminiscences of a Septuagenarian<br />
Citizen,” by Edward Callow.<br />
CORRESPONDENCE,<br />
I.—PRoof SHEETs.<br />
AY I suggest to writers, especially writers<br />
of fiction, that it would be a kindness to<br />
- send their proof sheets to any hospital<br />
they may choose, for the use of the patients P<br />
The lightness of the sheets is a distinct advantage<br />
for those who have to read in bed.<br />
F. M. PEARD.<br />
II.-PERSONAL.<br />
Will you allow me, through the medium of The<br />
Author, to thank the Society of Authors and<br />
their secretary for aiding me to obtain an<br />
acknowledgment from two papers of infringe-<br />
ment of my copyright in title and matter. The<br />
first, a paper, boldly adapted my title of “By the<br />
Western Sea.” The second, a case of a reprint<br />
of a Canadian article entitled “ British v.<br />
German,” which is bodily taken from pages 25,<br />
27, 31, 33, 34, 45, 46, and 95, of my “Our<br />
Foreign Competitors.” Individually I doubt if<br />
I could have obtained these public acknowledg-<br />
ments, as one editor laughed at my first very<br />
polite note suggesting an infringement of copy-<br />
right had been committed; but the letters from<br />
the Society’s secretary had a salutary effect, and<br />
tardy and reluctant justice was done to my little<br />
book and title, and the acknowledgment given<br />
as wished. JAMES BAKER.<br />
III.-GEORGE ELIOT.<br />
It is a matter of wonder to me that Miss<br />
Gilchrist's remarks on George Eliot in the July<br />
Author have remained unchallenged. As a lover<br />
of George Eliot let me say that I cannot discover<br />
the “barren fatalism” in her work. Why, the<br />
great difference between the ancients and George<br />
Eliot stands in the fact that the former depicted<br />
mortals at the mercy of a predestined fate outside<br />
their own personality, and independent of it<br />
altogether, men and women like CEdipus or<br />
Helen being “sculptured in black marble on the<br />
wall of their fate,” while the George Eliot made<br />
man master of his fate. Let me refer you to<br />
Sidney Lanin's masterly essays on the English<br />
novel on the subject of George Eliot : “An me<br />
peut €tre juste qu’envers ceux qu’en aime.”<br />
S. S.<br />
Will “Sans Souci.” be so good as to give<br />
the Editor an opportunity of answering her letter<br />
of Aug. 5*<br />
IV.-HEREDITARY GENIUS.<br />
The Rev. Dr. Bell, of Cheltenham, writes:<br />
“In your brief notice of Lady Dufferin's<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 136 (#150) ############################################<br />
<br />
136<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
Memoirs, by her son, you ask : “Is not the<br />
Sheridan family the only family on record which<br />
has continued to hand down its best charac-<br />
teristics from one generation to another ?” May<br />
I in reply remind you that genius has shown<br />
itself to be hereditary in the family of the late Mr.<br />
Thomas Arnold, the eminent head master of<br />
Rugby, and author of “A History of Rome,”<br />
“Lectures on Modern History,” and other valu-<br />
able works. Mr. Matthew Arnold, the distin-<br />
guished poet, essayist, and critic, was his son,<br />
and his place in English Literature has become<br />
assured. Another son, Mr. Thomas Arnold, is<br />
well known in the literary world as the editor of<br />
Pope, the author of a volume on Literature, and<br />
is now engaged on a work, likely to add to his<br />
reputation, for the Rolls Office on the history of<br />
Bury St. Edmunds. His daughter, Mrs. Hum-<br />
phry Ward, has won herself a name in literature<br />
as the authoress of three novels which have<br />
commanded a large share of popular attention,<br />
and made their mark in the domain of fiction.<br />
Mr. Oakley Arnold Forster, a son of Mr. William<br />
Arnold, and grandson of Dr. Thomas Arnold, has<br />
a seat in the House of Commons for West<br />
Belfast, and has already shown distinct states-<br />
manlike qualities which augur well for his future,<br />
He also has proved himself possessed of literary<br />
powers. All who have the privilege of intimacy<br />
with the daughters of Dr. Arnold, one of whom<br />
is the widow of the eminent statesman the Right<br />
Hon. William Forster, will bear ready witness to<br />
their culture, charm, and intellectual powers, both<br />
of thought and expression, though those have<br />
been confined to the quiet sphere of home, and<br />
not sought the suffrages of the public. I may<br />
say, however, that Mrs. Forster has edited a new<br />
edition of her father's “Sermons on the Interpre-<br />
tation of Scripture and the Christian Life.”<br />
Surely you will allow that in the Arnold family,<br />
as well as in the Sheridan, literary genius is here-<br />
ditary. The great grandchildren are too young<br />
as yet to prove by their works what they can<br />
achieve.”<br />
W.—A NEW FoEM OF PAPER FOR TYPE-<br />
WIRITER.S.<br />
All who use a typewriter know what an amount<br />
of time is consumed in putting in, adjusting, and<br />
taking out the sheets of finished copy, particularly<br />
if one is duplicating by the use of carbon paper.<br />
I wish to suggest an improvement which I venture<br />
to think will save much time, particularly in MSS.<br />
of great length. Instead of the ordinary sheets<br />
of paper cut to 8in. by Ioin., or foolscap, why<br />
could we not have paper furnished us on rolls<br />
8in. wide, and in lengths that would make IOO or<br />
200 ordinary manuscript pages. The paper could<br />
then be put on a little adjustable reel and fed to<br />
the machine as the huge rolls of paper are fed to:<br />
printing machines. To make a duplicate copy<br />
two reels will be required, one placed above the<br />
other, and between these a long strip of carbon<br />
paper may be inserted. The sheets may be after-<br />
wards torn off as one tears off a cheque. I<br />
believe this to be perfectly practicable and intend<br />
to give it a trial, and will let your readers know<br />
the result of my experiment (with your permis-<br />
sion) later. J. H. H.ILL.<br />
*– ~ *-*<br />
*=s<br />
NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS,<br />
Theology.<br />
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net.<br />
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Anecdota Oxeniensia, Mediaeval and Modern Series,<br />
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MONCKTON, REv. J. G. A Key to the Figures of the Bible,<br />
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NYE, G. H. F. The Church and Her Story. New and re-<br />
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RocK, DR. DANIEL. The Hierurgia ; or the Holy Sacrifice.<br />
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Simpkin,<br />
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London<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 137 (#151) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I37<br />
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AIYA, W. NAGAM. Report on the Census of Travancore.<br />
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BROWN, ROBERT. The Story of Africa and its Explorers.<br />
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DUCREST, MME. Memoirs of the Empress Josephine, with<br />
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JONES, JAMES P. A History of the Parish of Tettenhall,<br />
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MAssoN, PROFEssoR DAVID. The Life of John Milton,<br />
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SPIERS, VICTOR, J. S. History and Literature of France in<br />
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Sir John Willoughby, Mr. H. Rider Haggard, Mr. F. C.<br />
Selous, and Mr. P. B. S. Wrey. The African Review:<br />
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gollen : Darlington and Co. Is.<br />
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One of Darling--<br />
Llan-<br />
Paper<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 138 (#152) ############################################<br />
<br />
138<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
DAWSON, MILES. American Life Insurance Methods.<br />
Paper covers. P. S. King and Sons. 15 cents.<br />
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The Sportsman<br />
Edited<br />
Henry Frowde.<br />
Paper covers.<br />
By Frances<br />
George Newnes<br />
Second<br />
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PROFEIT, R. A. Under Lochnagar. Book of the Crathie<br />
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SCHLoss, DAVID F. Methods of Industrial Remuneration.<br />
Second edition. Williams and Norgate. 3s. 6d.<br />
SCOTT, REv. H. T. Autograph Collecting. L. Upcott<br />
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SHARMAN, MRs. E. A. Common Sense Lessons in Every-<br />
day Housework. Boards. Joseph Hughes and Co.,<br />
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SouTHALL, J. E. Quakerism as a Factor in the World’s<br />
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<br />
<br />
## p. 139 (#153) ############################################<br />
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THE AUTHOR.<br />
139<br />
WESPUCCIUs, ALBERICUs. The Voyage from Lisbon to<br />
India, 1505-6, being an Account and Journal. Trans-<br />
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