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462	https://historysoa.com/items/show/462	The Author, Vol. 04 Issue 12 (May 1894)	<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%3Cem%3EThe+Author%3C%2Fem%3E%2C+Vol.+04+Issue+12+%28May+1894%29"><em>The Author</em>, Vol. 04 Issue 12 (May 1894)</a>											<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Publication">Publication</a>	1894-05-01-The-Author-4-12					421–452																		<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=89&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=4">4</a>											<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=76&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1894-05-01">1894-05-01</a>							12			18940501	Che BMuthor.<br /> <br /> The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.)<br /> CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT.<br /> <br /> Vou. IV.—No. 12.] MAY 1, 1804. [Prick SIXPENCE.<br /> <br /> CONTENTS.<br /> <br /> PAGE : PAGE<br /> Warnings and Notices ait aoe eee cs ae oe wee 423 Notes and News. By the Editor... ve ase es ee wee 435<br /> Literary Property.—1. Secret Profits. ‘‘Some Points.” ‘‘ From English Rabelaisians. By G. L. Apperson... an cee ... 438<br /> a Publisher.” ‘ From the Editor.”—2. Thirteen as Twelve.— Correspondence.—l. Herbert Spencer and Literature.—2. The<br /> 3. The Transference of a Title.—4. Cox v. Bayles.—5. British Casual Contributor.—3. Industrial England.—4. An Adver-<br /> Copyright in Canada.—é. Curious Clauses.—7. Music Copy- tising Firm.—5. The Experience of a Failure.—t. Printing<br /> rights.—8. Right of Appearance -.- acs Bee se5 eos 425 Abroad.—7. A Handbook for Authors.—8. A Recent Experi-<br /> ‘* Esther Waters.” A Review ..- = ee ae A ..- 430 ence.—9. The Right of Appearance... me Sh oc a. 439<br /> Book Talk. ByJ. W.S. ... ie eee tee a aes wee 432 ‘* At the Sign of the Author’s Head” ... aos ate ie wee 444<br /> So-so Sociology Se ew aes a es eee wee 484 Obituary ae on as = on = ae ie wes 446<br /> San Francisco Literary Congress aes oe Soe on wee 435 New Books and New Editions... vee ae en se woe 447<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. The Annual Report. That for January 1893 can be had on application to the Secretary.<br /> <br /> 9. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance of Literary<br /> Property. Issued to all Members. Back numbers are offered at the following prices :<br /> Vol. I., 108. 6d. (Bound) ; Vols. II. and IIL., 8s. 6d. each (Bound).<br /> <br /> 3. The Grievances of Authors. (The Leadenhall Press.) 1s. The Report of three Meetings on<br /> the general subject of Literature and its defence, held at Willis’s Rooms, March, 1887.<br /> <br /> 4. Literature and the Pension List, By W.Morgris Cotes, Barrister-at-Law. (Henry Glaisher,<br /> 95, Strand, W.C.) 3s.<br /> <br /> 6, The History of the Société des Gens de Lettres. By S. Squrre Spriaex, late Secretary to<br /> the Society. Is.<br /> <br /> 6. The Cost of Production. In this work specimens are given of the most important forms of type,<br /> size of page, &amp;c., with estimates showing what it costs to produce the more common kinds of<br /> books. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 2s. 6d.<br /> <br /> 7. The Various Methods of Publication. By S. Squire Sprices. In this work, compiled from the<br /> papers in the Society’s offices, the various forms of agreements proposed by Publishers to<br /> ‘Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the various<br /> kinds of fraud which have been made possible by the different clauses in their agreements.<br /> <br /> Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 3s.<br /> <br /> 8. Copyright Law Reform. An Exposition of Lord Monkswell’s Copyright Bill now before Parlia-<br /> ment. With Extracts from the Report of the Commission of 1878, and an Appendix<br /> containing the Berne Convention and the American Copyright Bill, By J. M. Lexy. Eyre<br /> and Spottiswoode. 1s. 6d.<br /> <br /> 9. The Society of Authors. A Record of its Action from its Foundation. By WautEer Besant<br /> (Chairman of Committee, 1888—1892). Is.<br /> <br /> <br /> 422<br /> <br /> ADVERTISEMENTS.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Che Sociely of Authors (Bncorporated).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> PRESIDENT.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> GHRORGH MEREDITE,.<br /> <br /> Sir Epwin ARNOLD, K.C.1.E., C.8.1.<br /> ALFRED AUSTIN.<br /> <br /> J. M. Barriz.<br /> <br /> A. W. A Beoxert.<br /> <br /> RoBERT BATEMAN.<br /> <br /> Sim Henry Brerene, K.C.M.G.<br /> WALTER BESANT.<br /> <br /> AUGUSTINE BIRRELL, M.P.<br /> <br /> Rev. Pror. Bonney, F.B.S.<br /> Riautr Hon. James Brycx, M.P.<br /> Hat Carine.<br /> <br /> Earrtron Casruz, F.S.A.<br /> <br /> P. W. CLAYDEN.<br /> <br /> Epwakrp CLopp.<br /> <br /> W. Morris Couuzs.<br /> <br /> Hon. JoHn Conuier.<br /> <br /> W. Martin Conway.<br /> <br /> F. Marion CRAwForp.<br /> <br /> OswaLp CRAWFURD, C.M.G.<br /> <br /> COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT.<br /> <br /> Chairman—St1rz FREDERICK PoLLock, Bart, LL.D.<br /> <br /> A. W.A Becxert.<br /> WALTER BESANT.<br /> EGERTON CASTLE.<br /> W. Morris Cones.<br /> <br /> Solicitors—Messrs. FIELD, Roscoz, and Co., Lincoln’s Inn Fields.<br /> <br /> COUNCIL.<br /> THE EARL oF Dusart.<br /> Austin Dosson.<br /> A. Conan Doyxz, M.D.<br /> A. W. Duzsovura.<br /> J. Eric Ericusen, F.R.S.<br /> Pror. Micuarn Foster, F.R.S.<br /> Ricut Hon. HERBERT GARDNER, M.P.<br /> RicHarp Garnett, LL.D.<br /> Epmunp Gossz.<br /> H. Riper Haaearp.<br /> THomas Harpy.<br /> Jerome K. JzERomn.<br /> Rupyarp Kipuina.<br /> Pror. E. Ray Lanxestsr, F.R.S.<br /> J. M. Ley.<br /> Rev. W. J. Lorin, F.S.A.<br /> A. C. Macxenzin, Mus.D.<br /> Pror. Max-MUuer.<br /> Pror. J. M. D. Merxnrgoun.<br /> <br /> Hon. Counsel — E. M. UNpERDOwN, Q.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hon. JoHN CoLurer,<br /> W. Martin Conway.<br /> H. Riper Haaearp.<br /> J. M. Leny.<br /> <br /> Secretary—G. Hersert THRING, B.A.<br /> <br /> Herman ©. MeRivaue.<br /> <br /> Rev. C. H. MippLEeton-WAKE.<br /> <br /> Lewis Morris.<br /> <br /> J. C. PARKINSON.<br /> <br /> Ear. or PEMBROKE AND MONTGOMERY<br /> Sim FrepErick Pouiock, Bart., LL.D.<br /> WALTER Herrizs Pouuock.<br /> <br /> A. G. Ross.<br /> <br /> GEorGE AuGusTus SALA.<br /> <br /> W. Baptiste Scoonzs.<br /> <br /> G. R. Sums.<br /> <br /> S. Squire Spriaaer.<br /> <br /> J. J. StEVENSON.<br /> <br /> Jas. SULLY.<br /> <br /> Witi1am Moy Tuomas.<br /> <br /> H. D. Trait, D.C.L.<br /> <br /> EK. M. UnpEeRpown, Q.C.<br /> <br /> Baron Henry pz Worms, M.P.,F.R.S.<br /> Epmunp YATEs.<br /> <br /> C.<br /> <br /> A.C. Macxernzin, Mus.D.<br /> A. G. Ross.<br /> S. SqurrE Spriaas.<br /> <br /> OFFICES: 4, Portuaan Street, Lincoun’s INN Fieips, W.C.<br /> <br /> Windsor House<br /> <br /> PRINTING WORKS,<br /> BREAM’S BUILDINGS, E.C.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> OFFICES OF “‘THE FIELD,” ‘‘ THE QUEEN,” “THE LAW TIMES,” &amp;c.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Mr. HORACE COX, Printer to the Authors’ Society, takes the<br /> opportunity of informing Authors that, having a very large office, and<br /> <br /> an extensive plant of type of every description, he is in a position to<br /> EXECUTE any PRINTING they may entrust to his care.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ESTIMATES FORWARDED, AND REASONABLE CHARGES WILL BE FOUND.<br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The HMutbor,<br /> <br /> (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.)<br /> <br /> CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Vou. IV.—No. 12.]<br /> <br /> MAY 1, 1894.<br /> <br /> [Prick SIXPENCE.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> For the Opinions expressed in papers that are<br /> signed or initialled the Authors alone are<br /> responsible. None of the papers or pard-<br /> graphs must be taken as expressing the<br /> collective opinions of the committee unless<br /> they are officially signed by G. Herbert<br /> Thring, Sec.<br /> <br /> ae Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all<br /> <br /> remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and<br /> <br /> requests that all members not receiving an answer to<br /> important communications within two days will write to him<br /> without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union<br /> Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered<br /> letter only.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on<br /> all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub-<br /> jects whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are<br /> returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> es<br /> <br /> WARNINGS AND ADVICE.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> T is not generally understood that the author, as the<br /> vendor, has the absolute right of drafting the agree-<br /> ment upon whatever terms the transaction is to be<br /> <br /> carried out. Authors are strongly advised to exercise that<br /> right. Inevery other form of business, the right of drawing<br /> the agreement rests with him who sells, leases, or has the<br /> control of the property.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> i . of the Author and members of the Society<br /> are earnestly desired to make the following warnings<br /> as widely known as possible. They are based on the<br /> <br /> experience of nine years’ work by which the dangers<br /> <br /> to which literary property is especially exposed have been<br /> discovered :—<br /> <br /> 1. Sprr1at Ricurs.—In selling Serial Rights stipulate<br /> that you are selling the Serial Right for one paper at a<br /> certain time only, otherwise you may find your work serialized<br /> for years, to the detriment of your volume form.<br /> <br /> 2. Stamp your AGREEMENTS. — Readers are most<br /> URGENTLY warned not to neglect stamping their agreements<br /> immediately after signature. If this precaution is neglected<br /> for two weeks, a fine of £10 must be paid before the agree-<br /> ment can be used as a legal document. In almost every<br /> case brought to the secretary the agreement, or the letter<br /> which serves for one, is forwarded without the stamp. The<br /> author may be assured that the other party to the agree-<br /> ment never neglects this simple precaution. The Society,<br /> <br /> VOL. IV.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> to save trouble, undertakes to get all the agreements of<br /> members stamped for them at no expense to themselves<br /> except the cost of the stamp.<br /> <br /> 3. ASCERTAIN WHAT A PROPOSED AGREEMENT GIVES TO<br /> BOTH SIDES BEFORE SIGNING 1r.—Remember that an<br /> arrangement as to a joint venture in any other kind of busi-<br /> ness whatever would be instantly refused should either party<br /> refuse to show the books or to let it be known what share he<br /> reserved for himself.<br /> <br /> 4. Lirerary AGENTS.—Be very careful. You cannot be<br /> too careful as to the person whom you appowmt as your<br /> agent. Remember that you place your property almost un-<br /> reservedly in his hands. Your only safety is in consulting<br /> the Society, or some friend who has had personal experience<br /> of the agent. Do not trust advertisements alone.<br /> <br /> 5. Cost OF Propuction.-_Never sign any agreement of<br /> which the alleged cost of production forms an integtal part,<br /> until you have proved the figures.<br /> <br /> 6. Cuorce oF PuBLISHERS.—Never enter into any cor-<br /> respondence with publishers, especially with those who ad-<br /> vertise for MSS., who are not recommended by experienced<br /> friends or by this Society.<br /> <br /> 7. FUTURE Worx.—Never, on any account whatever,<br /> bind yourself down for future work to anyone.<br /> <br /> 8. Royaury.—Never accept any proposal of royalty until<br /> you have ascertained what the agreement, worked out on<br /> poth a small and a large sale, will give to the author and<br /> what to the publisher.<br /> <br /> g. PERSONAL Risx.—Never accept any pecuniary risk or<br /> responsibility whatever without advice.<br /> <br /> 10. Reszectep MSS.—Never, when a MS. has been re-<br /> fused by respectable houses, pay others, whatever promises<br /> they may put forward, for the production of the work.<br /> <br /> 11. American RicHTs.—Never sign away American<br /> rights. Keep them by special clause. Refuse to sign any<br /> agreement containing a clause which reserves them for the<br /> publisher, unless for a substantial consideration. If the<br /> publisher insists, take away the MS. and offer it to<br /> another.<br /> <br /> 12. Cusston of CopyricHt.—Never sign any paper,<br /> either agreement or receipt, which gives away copyright,<br /> without advice.<br /> <br /> 13. ADVERTISEMENTS.—Keep control over the advertise-<br /> ments, if they affect your returns, by a clause in the agree-<br /> ment. Reserve a veto. If you are yourself ignorant of the<br /> subject, make the Society your adviser.<br /> <br /> 14. Never forget that publishing is a business, like any<br /> other business, totally unconnected with philanthropy,<br /> charity, or pure love of literature. You have to do with<br /> business men. Be yourself a business man.<br /> <br /> Society&#039;s Offices :—<br /> 4, PorTUGAL STREET, Lincoun’s INN FIELDS.<br /> KK2<br /> <br /> <br /> 424 THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I. VERY member has a right to advice upon his<br /> agreements, his choice of a publisher, or any<br /> dispute arising in the conduct of his business or<br /> <br /> the administration of his property. If the advice sought<br /> <br /> is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member has<br /> <br /> a right to an opinion from the Society’s solicitors. If the<br /> <br /> case is such that Counsel’s opinion is desirable, the Com-<br /> <br /> mittee will obtain for him Counsel’s opinion. All this<br /> without any cost to the member.<br /> <br /> 2. Remember that questions connected with copyright<br /> and publisher’s agreements do not generally fall within the<br /> experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple<br /> to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually<br /> engaged upon such questions for us.<br /> <br /> 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past<br /> accounts with the loan of the books represented. This isin<br /> order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree-<br /> ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively<br /> sofar. The Secretary will always be glad to have any<br /> agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor-<br /> mation thus obtained may prove invaluable.<br /> <br /> 4. If the examination of your previous business trans-<br /> actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should<br /> take advice as to a change of publishers.<br /> <br /> 5- Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro-<br /> posed document to the Society for examination.<br /> <br /> 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in<br /> the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks of every publish-<br /> ing firm in the country. Remember that there are certain<br /> houses which live entirely by trickery.<br /> <br /> 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you<br /> are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are<br /> reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing<br /> the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen-<br /> dence of the writer.<br /> <br /> 8. Send to the Editor of the Author notes of everything<br /> important to literature that you may hear or meet with.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> De<br /> <br /> THE AUTHORS’ SYNDICATE.<br /> <br /> EMBERS are informed :<br /> 1. That the Authors’ Syndicate takes charge of<br /> the business of members of the Society. With, when<br /> necessary, the assistance of the legal advisers of the Syndi-<br /> cate, it concludes agreements, collects royalties, examines<br /> and passes accounts, and generally relieves members of the<br /> trouble of managing business details.<br /> <br /> 2. That the expenses of the Authors’ Syndicate are<br /> defrayed solely out of the commission charged on rights<br /> placed through its intervention. Notice is, however, hereby<br /> given that in all cases where there is no current account, a<br /> booking fee is charged to cover postage and porterage.<br /> <br /> 3. That the Authors’ Syndicate works for none but those<br /> members of the Society whose work possesses a market<br /> value.<br /> <br /> 4. That the Syndicate can only undertake any negotiation<br /> whatever on the distinct understanding that those negotia-<br /> tions are placed exclusively in its hands, and that all<br /> communications relating thereto are referred to it.<br /> <br /> 5- That clients can only be seen by the Editor by appoint-<br /> ment, and that, when possible, at least four days’ notice<br /> should be given. The work of the Syndicate is now so<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> heavy, that only a limited number of interviews can be<br /> arranged.<br /> <br /> 6. That every attempt is made to deal with the corre-<br /> spondence promptly, but that owing to the enormous number<br /> of letters received, some delay is inevitable. That stamps<br /> should, in all cases, be sent to defray postage.<br /> <br /> 7. That the Authors’ Syndicate does not invite MSS.<br /> without previous correspondence, and does not hold itself<br /> responsible for MSS. forwarded without notice.<br /> <br /> It is announced that, by way of a new departure, the<br /> Syndicate has undertaken arrangements for lectures by<br /> some of the leading members of the Society; that a<br /> “Transfer Department,” for the sale and purchase of<br /> journals and periodicals, has been opened; and that a<br /> “Register of Wants and Wanted” has been opened.<br /> Members anxious to obtain literary or artistic work are<br /> invited to communicate with the Manager.<br /> <br /> There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services<br /> will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It<br /> is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the<br /> Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in<br /> the Syndicate.<br /> <br /> spec<br /> <br /> NOTICES.<br /> <br /> HE Editor of the Author begs to remind members of the<br /> Society that, although the paper is sent to them free<br /> of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very<br /> <br /> heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great<br /> many members did not forward to the Secretary the modes¢<br /> 6s. 6d. subscription for the year.<br /> <br /> The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and<br /> communications on all subjects connected with literature<br /> from members and others. Nothing can do more good to<br /> the Society than to make the Author complete, attractive,<br /> and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this<br /> work send their names and the special subjects on which<br /> they are willing to write ? ’<br /> <br /> Communications for the Author should reach the Edito<br /> not later than the 21st of each month.<br /> <br /> All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether<br /> members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate<br /> to the Editor any points connected with their work which<br /> it would be advisable in the general interest to publish.<br /> <br /> Members and others who wish their MSS. read are<br /> requested not to send them to the Office without previously<br /> communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable<br /> despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in<br /> which they are received. It must also be distinctly under-<br /> stood that the Society does not, under any circumstances,<br /> undertake the publication of MSS.<br /> <br /> The Authors’ Club is now open in its new premises, at<br /> 3, Whitehall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary<br /> for information, rules of admission, &amp;c.<br /> <br /> Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they<br /> have paid their subscriptions for the year? If they will do<br /> this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker’s<br /> order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the<br /> trouble of sending out a reminder. :<br /> <br /> Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the<br /> warning numbered (7). It is a most foolish and a most<br /> disastrous thing to bind yourself to anyone for a term of<br /> years. Let them ask themselves if they would give a<br /> solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come,<br /> whatever his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest?<br /> Of course they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment<br /> when they are asked to sign themselves into literary bondage<br /> for three or five years ?<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> Those who possess the “Cost of Production” are<br /> requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15<br /> per cent. This means, for those who do not like the trouble<br /> of “doing sums,” the addition of three shillings in the<br /> pound on this head. In other words, if the cost of binding<br /> is set down in our book at eight pounds, to this must now be<br /> added twenty-four shillings more, so that it now stands at<br /> £9 4s. The figures in our book are as near the exact truth<br /> as canbe procured; but a printer’s, or a binder’s, bill is sO<br /> elastic a thing that nothing more exact can be arrived at.<br /> <br /> Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged<br /> in the “ Cost of Production” for advertising.. Of course, we<br /> have not included any sums which may be charged for<br /> inserting advertisements in the publisher’s own magazines,<br /> or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too<br /> often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from<br /> sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket,<br /> by inserting any number of advertisements in his own<br /> magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are<br /> who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those<br /> who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it.<br /> <br /> ae<br /> <br /> LITERARY PROPERTY.<br /> <br /> —— &gt;<br /> <br /> I.—Srcret PrRorits.<br /> I.—SOME POINTS IN THE CASE.<br /> <br /> ITH reference to “Secret Profits,’ and<br /> <br /> the case stated in your last number, I<br /> <br /> should like to call your attention to one<br /> <br /> or two points on which counsels’ opinion is not<br /> quite decisive.<br /> <br /> Question 5. “ Discounts which a publisher gets<br /> allowed him from the printers, &amp;c.’’—Answer com-<br /> mences : “This question is one of some difficulty.”<br /> Now it appears to me quite clear that the author<br /> enters into an arrangement with the publisher<br /> which secures him the full co-operation of all the<br /> resources at the publisher’s command. One of<br /> these is most decidedly the publisher’s capital, or<br /> that portion of it necessary to the production of<br /> the book. In accepting a discount the publisher<br /> is only utilising a resource which he has already<br /> hypothecated, and which no longer belongs to<br /> him exclusively.<br /> <br /> It can be put in another way. Presuming that<br /> the printer’s terms are three months net or 5 per<br /> cent. off forcash, the 5 percent. is nothing more nor<br /> less than interest on a loan at the rate of 20 per<br /> cent. perannum. This loanismade by the publisher<br /> and author, who are undoubtedly partners, to the<br /> printer, whose eyes are open, and who pays the<br /> 20 per cent. willingly. If, however, the loan is<br /> made to the author without his knowledge, the<br /> publisher is not only taking an advantage which<br /> appears fraudulent, but is lending the author<br /> money at a usurious rate of interest which the<br /> law would not allow him, even if he could esta-<br /> blish a right to a legal rate of, say, 5 per cent.<br /> per annum.<br /> <br /> 425<br /> <br /> I do not think that question 5 ought to be<br /> treated by counsel as doubtful, as the practice of<br /> allowing all the discount to the publisher opens<br /> an easy channel to fraud, which it is difficult to<br /> check, and which might go much higher than<br /> 20 per cent. per annum by private arrangement.<br /> <br /> Question 6. “ Right to charge for advertise-<br /> ments not actually paid for; (a) in his own<br /> magazines or trade list.”—May I suggest that<br /> these should not be classed together? A maga-<br /> zine is a particular venture of the publisher in<br /> which the author can scarcely claim the right to<br /> a free advertisement, though he certainly ought<br /> not to pay more than the actual cost of printing<br /> and paper. A trade list seems to me an entirely<br /> different thing and is part of the publisher’s<br /> resources, and therefore belongs equally to the<br /> author as far as notices of the special book in<br /> question are concerned.<br /> <br /> Question 8. “Right to deduct a charge for<br /> incidental expenses.”—A publisher must know<br /> what expenses are from experience, and I cannot<br /> see why such a clause should be inserted.<br /> <br /> Ay 8B:<br /> II.— FROM A PUBLISHER.<br /> <br /> In last month’s Author, under this heading,<br /> there were some important and pertinent ques-<br /> tions put respecting the relations between authors<br /> and publishers, and they were answered by two<br /> learned gentlemen who are recognised as eminent<br /> authorities on the law of literary property.<br /> Perhaps you will allow me, as a publisher of many<br /> years’ experience, to answer the same questions<br /> from the trade point of view, doing so with all<br /> due deference to the legal opinions.<br /> <br /> Question 1. Regarding the relationship be-<br /> tween author and publisher, when a book is<br /> undertaken on the share system, is, I believe,<br /> correctly replied to by counsel—that it is .a joint<br /> adventure with a fiduciary obligation on the<br /> publisher. There is, however, an important con-<br /> dition attached to this relationship that requires<br /> clearing up. To whom does the copyright<br /> belong? Does it wholly remain with the author,<br /> or does it become the joint property of the two<br /> adventurers? As far as I know, this point has<br /> not yet been decided in a court of justice. My<br /> own opinion is that, failing any special contract or<br /> time arrangement—and these are recommended—<br /> the copyright becomes vested in the publisher to<br /> the extent of his share in the venture; but this<br /> view has been disputed.<br /> <br /> Question 2 relates to the submission of accounts<br /> and vouchers by the publisher. Counsel’s answer<br /> is obviously the correct one, that, when asked for,<br /> every facility should be given to the author to<br /> make himself fully acquainted with the balance-<br /> sheet of his own (joint) property.<br /> 426<br /> <br /> Question 3, as to the justification of a pub-<br /> lisher’s charge for extraneous expenditure beyond<br /> the ordinary costs of production and sale is also<br /> rightly answered by counsel in the negative.<br /> <br /> Question 4 is a corollary of No. 3. If the<br /> author after settling his publisher’s account finds<br /> that it contains extraneous charges, added with-<br /> out his knowledge and consent, he is undoubtedly<br /> entitled to have the account reopened and<br /> amended.<br /> <br /> Question 5 raises a matter of dispute which<br /> probably is more for the lawyers than for laymen<br /> to decide, viz., whether a publisher, in settling<br /> his bills, is bound to pay the printer, the paper<br /> maker, &amp;c., in cash, should he have ready money<br /> at command. For example, if the account of the<br /> printer comes to £100, and he is prepared either<br /> to grant a twelve months’ bill for the amount, or<br /> to allow the usual discount of 5 per cent. if paid<br /> in cash, the publisher may surely accept the bill<br /> and charge the book with the £100. So far there<br /> can be no doubt; but, on the other hand, if the<br /> publisher, using his money (not the author’s),<br /> which may be lying in the bank or placed in<br /> some investment, elect to pay the printer in cash,<br /> can the author claim a share of the discount<br /> which the publisher has thus earned by the use<br /> of his financial resources? I should say not,<br /> Otherwise, in the case of a half profit book, a<br /> publisher who employed money bringing him, say,<br /> 4 per cent. to pay an acccount in cash under a<br /> discount of 5 per cent. would be an actual loser<br /> by 1} per cent., while the author would gain 24<br /> per cent. of a discount which had been earned<br /> entirely by the publisher’s money. Of course<br /> the discount referred to in this question is the<br /> recognised 5 per cent. for cash. Anything<br /> beyond that should clearly be shared by both<br /> parties.<br /> <br /> Question 6 refers to the publisher&#039;s charge for<br /> advertisements in (a) his own magazine, (0) his<br /> trade list, and (c) exchange magazines. I respect-<br /> fully venture to differ from the learned counsel in<br /> their answer to this question. They hold that<br /> these advertisements should be charged at the<br /> price of paper and print; an opitiion that seems<br /> to overlook the facts that magazine advertise-<br /> ments have a regular market value, and that they<br /> form no part of the undertaking jointly engaged<br /> in. To my mind it appears somewhat one-sided<br /> in the author to expect advertisements to be<br /> charged at less than the ordinary rate when they<br /> happen to be inserted in a magazine bearing his<br /> publisher’s name. This remark, however, does<br /> not apply to trade lists, for which, I think, no<br /> charge should be made. To provide against<br /> the possible abuse of excessive advertising in<br /> mediums which the publisher may have a<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> pecuniary interest in, the author’s contract should<br /> be furnished with a restricting clause.<br /> <br /> Question 7 needs little consideration. It would<br /> be quite wltra vires in the publisher to charge for<br /> unused stereotype plates, made without the<br /> author’s approval.<br /> <br /> Question 8. The opinion of counsel defining<br /> “incidental expenses” is a sound one. These<br /> items should be strictly confined to petty dis-<br /> bursements specially incurred in the sale of the<br /> particular book, quite exclusive of establishment<br /> charges, and, when amounting to a considerable<br /> amount, details ought to be furnished when asked<br /> for. &#039;<br /> <br /> The general advice I beg to offer to authors in<br /> adopting the share system of publishing—and,<br /> when honourably carried out, I believe it to be<br /> the best—is to make all contracts in writing, care-<br /> fully specifying the more important details, and<br /> limiting the contract to a period or edition. Such<br /> is the friendly recommendation of an<br /> <br /> London, April 14, 1894. Ex-PousLisHER,<br /> <br /> III.—FROM THE EDITOR.<br /> There is one point which ‘“‘ Ex-Publisher” does<br /> not, it seems to me, sufficiently consider in his<br /> remarks upon magazine advertising. It is quite<br /> possible that it has a regular market value,<br /> as he says, but he omits to notice that a publisher<br /> with a free hand to insert advertisements as he<br /> chooses, as often and as long, of a profit sharing<br /> book in his own magazine, can at his own sweet<br /> will absolutely divert into his own pockets as<br /> much of the profits as he chooses. The same<br /> remark apples with still greater force to<br /> exchanges. In every profit sharing agreement<br /> the author must guard against this danger by a<br /> special clause. Experience shows that this is a<br /> very real danger. ‘The letter of ‘‘ Ex-Publisher ”<br /> demands serious consideration on every point<br /> raised. If this spirit and temper were observed<br /> by all writers on the subject, our difficulties would<br /> soon be ended.<br /> <br /> IJ.—TuHirtEen as TWELVE.<br /> <br /> An attempt is constantly made to insert the<br /> words, in a royalty agreement, “Thirteen copies<br /> to count as twelve,’ or ‘“ Twenty-five copies to<br /> count as twenty-four.”<br /> <br /> The excuse is that if the publisher sells thirteen<br /> as twelve he really sells only twelve, and ought<br /> not in justice to account for more than twelve.<br /> <br /> This answer satisfies some; and is, indeed,<br /> reasonable, until one comes to examine into it.<br /> <br /> Does the publisher sell thirteen as twelve, or<br /> twenty-five as twenty-four? He certainly does<br /> in those cases, and in those cases only, where<br /> books are ordered by the dozen or by the<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> and<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR. 427<br /> <br /> score. But what are these cases? The circu-<br /> lating libraries for some writers may give orders<br /> on this lordly scale; the great distributors may<br /> also do so for some writers. The rest of the trade<br /> buy books by the half dozen, by ones and twos.<br /> You may see a pile of copies at one or two leading<br /> booksellers in the City or the Strand. They are<br /> books of the day, é.e., of a popularity certain,<br /> though perhaps ephemeral. As for what is called<br /> serious literature, or those books which are in<br /> steady, though not in eager, demand, the trade<br /> takes them by two or three or even one at a time.<br /> <br /> Let us illustrate by example—we take a six-<br /> shilling book.<br /> <br /> Suppose that out of an edition of 2000, 50<br /> go for press copies, 500 are taken by orders of<br /> twelve and over, the remaining 1450 being sold<br /> by ones, twos, and threes. If the agreement<br /> gives the author a 20 per cent. royalty on all<br /> copies sold, the result is as follows:<br /> <br /> Author.—20 per cent. on 6s. for 1950 copies=<br /> S17:<br /> <br /> Publisher.—The account stands as follows: The<br /> book is what we generally take for an illustra-<br /> tion—a six-shilling volume, of 17 sheets or<br /> 272 pp. at 253 words a page—70,000 words in<br /> all, in small pica and plainly bound.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Cost of production (see<br /> Society’s volume),<br /> nearly ...--.... 3... £1000 ©<br /> PAMUNOY 66. oc 622... 117 0 O<br /> Publisher. -..2:..5.. 117 10 0<br /> £334 10. ©<br /> Sales :<br /> <br /> 1450 at 3s. 6d....... £253 15. 0<br /> 500 at 3s. 6d. (and<br /> <br /> 13.a0 12) 3... S015. 0<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 334 10 0<br /> <br /> If the author receives a royalty calculated on<br /> thirteen copies being sold as twelve, his share<br /> will be £108 instead of £117, and the publisher’s<br /> account :<br /> <br /> Cost of production ... £100 0 Oo<br /> <br /> thor 20. 108 © ©<br /> <br /> Publisher .........:..... 126 10 O<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 334 10, ©<br /> Sales as above.<br /> <br /> Of course, in the case of a larger sale—say a<br /> first edition of 1000, followed by a -second of<br /> 3000, the two accounts would be materially<br /> altered. For instance, the cost of a second<br /> edition of 3000 copies is about £125. The<br /> author would receive on this edition £180. The<br /> publisher, allowing 1000 copies for thirteen as<br /> twelve, would receive £206. If the author is to<br /> be allowed only thirteen as twelve, he receives<br /> <br /> £166 and the publisher £232. And this on a<br /> royalty which, before the Society exposed the<br /> figures, would never have been given to any<br /> author however successful.<br /> <br /> We now understand what is meant by the<br /> clause in the agreement that copies are to be<br /> counted as thirteen for twelve. If the clause in<br /> the agreement is simply for a royalty of so much<br /> for every copy sold, the discount, if claimed, must<br /> not be allowed when the accounts are rendered,<br /> except for those large orders where it was allowed<br /> to the trade.<br /> <br /> —— &gt; —-<br /> <br /> TII.—THe TRANSFERENCE OF A TITLE.<br /> <br /> 1. Some twenty years ago the Rev. D. Rice-<br /> Jones, then engaged in London work, wrote<br /> a dozen chapters from his own experience on<br /> the poor and the way they live. He offered<br /> these sketches and stories to the Society for<br /> the Promotion of Christian Knowledge by<br /> Christian methods, i.e., of course by methods<br /> just, equitable, and beyond the shadow of sus-<br /> picion or reproach. This august body bought<br /> these sketches for the sum of twenty-four guineas<br /> —actually two guineas a chapter! They bought<br /> them thus separately because they intended<br /> to bring them out in pamphlet form, twelve<br /> short stories of the London slums. This<br /> they did, and then, without any further pay-<br /> ment, they issued them as a book. The book,<br /> called “From Cellar to Garret,” made its mark,<br /> and continued to sell, edition after edition, for a<br /> great many years. Remark, that the society in this<br /> way managed to secure the copyright of a valuable<br /> book for twenty-four guineas! Remark, further,<br /> that they have never thought it just or equit-<br /> able to recognise the disproportion of their own<br /> gains to the author’s remuneration. Now note,<br /> on the other hand, what is done by a purely<br /> lay, secular, money-making firm. It happened<br /> only the other day that this firm, on finding<br /> that a book, published by them on certain terms,<br /> was turning out a success beyond their expecta-<br /> tion, tore up the first agreement, and voluntarily<br /> gave the author a new one based upon the<br /> success of the work. To be sure, this is not a<br /> religious society, but one which carries on its<br /> business avowedly for profit.<br /> <br /> Two years ago the author entered the office<br /> and asked for copies of his book. He was told<br /> that it was out of print. He saw the secretary.<br /> He was informed that they would not, probably,<br /> reprint the book, but that they might want to wse<br /> his title for another book! The secretary also<br /> told the author that he could not expect a book<br /> to last for ever. The question arises—has a<br /> publisher who buys the copyright of a book the<br /> right to use the title for another book ?<br /> 428<br /> <br /> 2. Another case was that quoted from the<br /> Atheneum in our last number.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> IV.—Cox v. Baytzs.<br /> (High Court of Justice ——Chancery Division, —<br /> Before Mr. Justice Currry).<br /> <br /> This was a motion by the plaintiff, the pro-<br /> prietor of the Field newspaper, for an interlocu-<br /> tory injunction restraining the defendant Bayles,<br /> the proprietor and editor of a newspaper called<br /> the Meld Register, from publishing and selling<br /> such newspaper, or any other newspaper being a<br /> colourable imitation of the plaintifi’s newspaper,<br /> or calculated to lead the public to believe the<br /> same to be issued from the office of the plaintiff’s<br /> newspaper or to be a publication in any way con-<br /> nected with the plaintiff’s newspaper. The defen-<br /> dant’s newspaper was a weekly newspaper, and<br /> had recently been issued. It was published on<br /> Monday or Tuesday, and its contents for the<br /> most part consisted of information and articles<br /> on horseracing. It also, however, contained<br /> items relating to yachting and angling, and other<br /> sporting or country pursuits. Its price was 3d.<br /> The plaintiff’s case was based on the colourable<br /> use of the word “ Field,” being the principal part<br /> of the name of his newspaper, and the name<br /> under which it was solely known and widely<br /> known to the public. The defendant stated that<br /> there was no intention on his part to copy or<br /> imitate the plaintiff’s newspaper, and pointed out<br /> dissimilarities between his newspaper and the<br /> plaintifi’s.<br /> tion to mislead.<br /> <br /> Mr. S. Hall, Q.C., and Mr. Percy Gye appeared<br /> for the plaintiff, and Mr. Kenyon Parker for the<br /> defendant Bayles, and Mr. Ashworth James<br /> appeared for printers added as defendants.<br /> <br /> Mr. Justice Currry said that it was plain that<br /> the word “ Field” was placed in the most promi-<br /> nent position and as a leading word in the title of<br /> the defendant’s newspaper in order to attract<br /> some of the reputation belonging to the plain-<br /> tiff’s newspaper. Both newspapers were intended<br /> for the same class of readers, and the defendant’s<br /> newspaper was calculated to damage the plain-<br /> tiff, even if, as it had only recently been started,<br /> actual damage as yet was not shown. That being<br /> so, the plaintiff was entitled to an interlocutory<br /> injurction. His Lordship added that all cases<br /> like the present proceeded on the same basis—<br /> namely, that the title of a newspaper was a trade<br /> name, being similar in this respect to the name<br /> of a brewery (Montgomery v. Thompson, L. R.<br /> (1891) A. ©. 217) or of an insurance office<br /> (Hendriks v. Montagu, L. R. 17 Ch. Div. 638),<br /> and what was at the bottom of such questions<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> He also stated that he had no inten- :<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> was whether the defendant was endeavouring to<br /> sell his goods as those of the plaintiff.<br /> Injunction granted accordingly.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> V.—Britiso Copyricut rn Canapa.<br /> Ottawa, April 10.<br /> <br /> The Government have forwarded an important<br /> despatch to the British Colonial Office, informing<br /> the Imperial authorities that after the next<br /> Session of the Dominion Parliament the collec-<br /> tion by the Dominion Customs of a royalty of<br /> 124 per cent. on foreign reprints of British copy-<br /> right works for the benefit of copyright-holders<br /> will cease. The colonial authorities have been<br /> induced to take this action in view of the expected<br /> changes in the Imperial copyright laws as applic-<br /> able to Canada.— Reuter.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> VI—Cvriovus Cuauses.<br /> <br /> 1. Account Clauses :—<br /> <br /> Accounts shall be made up annually as soon after June 30<br /> as practicable, and payment will be due in the January<br /> following.<br /> <br /> If a book is published early in the autumn the<br /> chief sales occur before Christmas, and, if the<br /> account is paid within six months after, the pub-<br /> lisher may hold a large part of the unfortunate<br /> author’s share in his own hands for nearly twelve<br /> months,<br /> <br /> Bankruptcy may also occur in so long an<br /> interval.<br /> <br /> Another account clause :<br /> <br /> Account of sales of the work to be made annually to<br /> June 30, rendered and payable before the end of the year.<br /> <br /> This is subject to almost the same remarks as<br /> the previous clause. .<br /> <br /> The following seems to be a fair account clause :<br /> <br /> The publishers shall furnish their accounts half yearly,<br /> on June 30 and Dec. 31, paying to the author all royalties<br /> due at the time of furnishing the accounts.<br /> <br /> 2. Royalty Clauses—So much for account<br /> clauses. The following is a curious clause re-<br /> ferring to the payment of royalties:<br /> <br /> The publisher shall pay to the author on all such copies<br /> sold at above half their published price a royalty of 15<br /> per cent. of their published price, and on all such copies sold<br /> at or below half their published price a royalty of 7} per<br /> cent. of the net receipts of such sales.<br /> <br /> It is always advisable, if possible, that the<br /> interests of the author and publisher should be<br /> the same—that the sale of the book at proper<br /> rates should be as_ beneficial to the author as to<br /> the publisher; but on working out the arrange-<br /> ment in the above clause it is clearly to the<br /> advantage of the publisher under certain circum-<br /> stances to sell below half the published price.<br /> <br /> This question has been fully discussed in -a<br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> previous number of the Author. There is scarcely<br /> need, therefore, to do more than bring it again<br /> before the notice of authors. It is a clause to be<br /> refused instantly.<br /> <br /> 3. Agency Charges in Publishers’ Agreements.<br /> — Considerable stir has been made lately by<br /> discussion as to the work and charges of literary<br /> agents. The charge of 15 per cent. is denounced<br /> as preposterous, and ro per cent. as little less<br /> heinous. It will be interesting, therefore, to look<br /> at the agency clauses taken from various pub-<br /> lishers’ agreements, and it will be found that the<br /> charge is generally considerably in advance of to<br /> per cent. or even 15 per cent.<br /> <br /> Except as in clause hereof, the copyright, whether<br /> English or foreign, in the said work, including the rights of<br /> translation, dramatisation, and publication of any dramatic<br /> yersion thereof, shall not be sold, assigned, or transferred by<br /> the author, either as a whole, or for a limited time, or over<br /> a, limited space, without the consent of the publisher.<br /> <br /> That the proceeds of the sale or transfer of copyright, as<br /> defined in the above clause, shall be divided in the propor-<br /> tion of one-half to the author and one-half to the publisher.<br /> <br /> In the same agreement there is a clause for the<br /> sale of American rights on the same terms, so<br /> that the publisher who objects to the agent’s 10<br /> per cent. actually claims 50 per cent.<br /> <br /> These clauses are, perhaps, as strong in favour<br /> of the publisher, and to the detriment of the<br /> author—not only in the magnitude of the powers<br /> conveyed, but also in the price to be charged—as<br /> it is possible to conceive.<br /> <br /> Here, should the author act as his own agent<br /> with regard to translation or foreign production,<br /> should he make arrangements absolutely without<br /> the assistance of the publisher, he must still pay<br /> 50 per cent. ;<br /> <br /> Further, should he dramatise and produce his<br /> own work in dramatic form, 50 per cent. must be<br /> handed over.<br /> <br /> Here is another clause :<br /> <br /> And the said publisher shall be entitled to dispose of any<br /> other rights (rights of translation, American rights, or such<br /> like) in the said work ; the said publisher to have one-third<br /> of all profits arising out of the sale, lease, or conveyance of<br /> such rights, and the said author to receive the remaining<br /> two-thirds thereof.<br /> <br /> - Here the change is 33} per cent., but the<br /> dramatic rights are not included; on the other<br /> hand, the author has no powers to act as his own<br /> agent.<br /> <br /> Again: -<br /> <br /> The publishers may effect the sale of Continental rights<br /> only with the author’s consent.<br /> <br /> The proceeds of such sale, if effected by the publishers,<br /> shall be divided in the proportion of three-quarters to the<br /> author and one-quarter to the publisher.<br /> <br /> This clause only effects Continental rights, and<br /> the sale must be made only with the author&#039;s con-<br /> sent. The author can, if he likes, act as his own<br /> <br /> VOL. IV.<br /> <br /> 429<br /> <br /> agent, and make all the profit; but if the pub-<br /> lisher does act as agent the charge is 25 per cent.<br /> <br /> The rights are more limited and the charge is<br /> less, but still enormous compared with the agent’s<br /> modest 10 per cent.<br /> <br /> Another :<br /> <br /> Should the work be issuedin America or any other foreign<br /> country, the profits arising from such transactions shall<br /> be divided equally between the said author and the said<br /> publishers.<br /> <br /> The charge is again 50 per cent. It would be<br /> easy to quote clauses without end bearing on the<br /> same point. In none of the many agreements is<br /> the charge below 25 per cent.<br /> <br /> How does the author’s agent live when the<br /> publisher can only stand at 25 per cent.?<br /> <br /> On these clauses it can only be added that, where<br /> the author transfers the copyright, the publisher<br /> usually deals with all subsidiary rights without<br /> reference to the author. He sometimes shares the<br /> returns with the author, and sometimes does not.<br /> <br /> A case has been known, however, in which a<br /> publisher bought the copyright from an author,<br /> and, on the book being published in England,<br /> the author neglected to secure the American rights.<br /> There were no rights therefore in America, and<br /> the book could have been pirated by anyone.<br /> <br /> An American publisher, wishing to republish<br /> the work, wrote to the English publisher, inferring<br /> that he was acting for the author, and stated that<br /> he was desirous of publishing the book and of<br /> paying an honorarium for leave to do so. The<br /> publisher this side, in virtue of his non-existent<br /> American rights, took the honorarium to himself.<br /> <br /> 4. Remainder Sales.—The clauses referring to<br /> remainder sales are very often of an arbitrary<br /> character, for example :<br /> <br /> The publishers shall have the power to sell the residue of<br /> any edition at a reduced price or as a remainder.<br /> <br /> This clause occurs almost word for word in<br /> two separate agreements. It does not give the<br /> author any option of purchase, and it gives the<br /> publisher the opportunity of clearing his shelves<br /> before the bond fide sales are at an end.<br /> <br /> Sometimes there is no. clause relating to<br /> remainder sales, but this subject is governed by<br /> a clause leaving all rights as to the methods of<br /> publication and sale of the work with the pub-<br /> lisher ; then the same result occurs.<br /> <br /> An agreement regarding remainder sales is<br /> certainly necessary, and the following may be<br /> cited as a good clause :<br /> <br /> In case of the publication proving unsuccessful the pub-<br /> lishers reserve the right to dispose of the stock after a<br /> period of not less than two years in the way they may<br /> think best, the author having previously been communicated<br /> with regarding such copies as he may wish to retain.<br /> <br /> The above is clumsily worded, and has this<br /> <br /> LL<br /> 430<br /> <br /> serious fault that there is no price named at<br /> which the author may purchase.<br /> <br /> The following is a still more reasonable clause<br /> touching the same point:<br /> <br /> That should the publishers at any time after two years<br /> from the date of publication of the said work desire to sell<br /> the stock as a remainder, notice of such intended sale must<br /> be given to the author, who shall have the option of pur-<br /> chase of the remainder stock at a valuation.<br /> <br /> 5. Incidental Expenses. —&#039;The phrase “and<br /> other incidental expenses”? is altogether too<br /> vague to have a place in any legal document,<br /> and should certainly be more clearly defined.<br /> <br /> 6. To meet Demands.—The phrase “to meet<br /> the demand up toso many copies ” is also unsatis-<br /> factory. It generally occurs in agreements where<br /> the author pays a portion of the supposed cost of<br /> production of the number of books up to which<br /> the publisher will meet the demand. Of course,<br /> the publisher knows very well that the demand is<br /> most unlikely to reach the number, and he prints<br /> an edition of no greater number than the payment<br /> of the author amply covers.<br /> <br /> 7. Buying Copyright.—If there is anything to<br /> set the interests of the author and the publisher<br /> at variance it is the following clause :<br /> <br /> It is agreed that if and when any edition of the said work<br /> is issued at any lower price than 6s., the publishers shall<br /> have the right and option of buying the copyright free from<br /> all royalty for the sum of £50, to be paid to the author<br /> within a month from the date of publication of such edition,<br /> failing which payment this option shall be no longer in<br /> force.<br /> <br /> The greater part of the agreement is an elabo-<br /> rate statement of the royalty to be paid under<br /> certain conditions, from which one would naturally<br /> infer that the MS. would be as a matter of course<br /> published at 6s. or over. But, although the<br /> author has assigned the right to publish, there<br /> is no reciprocity on the part of the publisher, he<br /> does not undertake to publish the book at all,<br /> and there is nothing to prevent him from pub-<br /> lishing at 5s. 6d., paying the £50, and securing<br /> the whole copyright for that small sum.<br /> <br /> 8. Contradictory Clauses.—Here are two con-<br /> tradictory clauses in agreements from the same<br /> publisher referring to books of similar sizes. The<br /> question is the payment of royalty which is to be<br /> paid on every copy sold,<br /> <br /> Except one copy in seven, according to the usual trade<br /> custom.<br /> <br /> The next agreement contains:<br /> <br /> Except one copy in thirteen, according to the usual trade<br /> custom.<br /> <br /> It is evident that there cannot be two separate<br /> customs as above for the sale of similar articles.<br /> The one custom excludes the other. Yet, out of<br /> a dozen agreements from this same publisher,<br /> four had one clause and eight the other.<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> VII.—Music Coprricuts.<br /> <br /> At a sale of music copyrights, recently con-<br /> cluded at Messrs. Puttick and Simpson’s rooms,<br /> some remarkable prices were realised. The song<br /> “ Anchored,” by the late Michael Watson, realised<br /> £1,212 15s.,the highest price, it is believed, that.<br /> has ever been obtained for a song. Tito Mattei’s<br /> “First Waltz” brought £386 8s.; “ Yorkshire<br /> Bells,” by J. Pridham, £715 1os.; ‘‘ The Bugler,”<br /> by Pinsuti, £189 3s.; ‘‘The Valley of Shadows,”<br /> by O. Barri, £109 7s. 6d.; a march by W. Small-<br /> wood, £184 16s.; operatic solos, by W. Small-<br /> wood, £338 6s.; John Hiles’s “ Catechism of<br /> Music,” £550. The total of the two days’ sale,<br /> which comprised some 320 lots, was over £10,000.<br /> These facts and figures should start the ques-<br /> tion, how far this property, which undoubtedly<br /> has been created by musical composers, and is<br /> originally their property, has been shared with<br /> them by the acquirers ? Would it be possible, for<br /> instance, for any of the composers concerned in<br /> the above sale to publish the terms and con-<br /> siderations for which they parted with their<br /> property P<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> VIII.—Ricut or APPEARANCE.<br /> <br /> On page 444 of this number of the Author will<br /> be found a letter with this title.<br /> <br /> The subject is more important than would at<br /> first appear. Many valid reasons may exist why<br /> an editor, even though he has accepted a paper,<br /> may not find himself able to publish it.<br /> <br /> But, by not publishing it he kills it. Not only<br /> does he kill it for the time, but for ever. Thus<br /> an editor accepts and produces a paper. If<br /> nothing is said to the contrary in the agreement<br /> he has bought the serial right only for a term of<br /> years beginning after publication. On the<br /> expiration of that term the author can republish.<br /> But if the editor does not publish, the time<br /> between production and the right to reprint<br /> never even begins. How is this difficulty to be<br /> got over ?<br /> <br /> sme<br /> <br /> ESTHER WATERS: AN EXACT TREATISE.*<br /> <br /> ET us get the worst that can be said of<br /> “Esther Waters” over at once. The book<br /> is all about low people, and, consistently<br /> <br /> enough, they do low things. The central figure<br /> isa servant girl, who, during her career as a<br /> servant, is emphatically a “slavey,” in contradis-<br /> tinction to a young lady in service. Her lovers<br /> are a footinan, who aspires to be, and becomes, a<br /> <br /> By George Moore. Walter<br /> 1894.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> * Esther Waters: A Novel.<br /> Scott and Co. Limited, London.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> sporting publican, and a stationer’s assistant of<br /> aggravated sanctimoniousness, who had been in<br /> business in the west end, “ until an uncontrollable<br /> desire to ask every customer who entered into<br /> conversation with him, if he were sure that he<br /> believed in the second coming,” obtained for him<br /> his dismissal. A pious and over-procreative<br /> mother, a drunken step-father, an illegitimate<br /> child, and the woman who minds him con-<br /> stitute her private domestic circle. The scene is<br /> laid, firstly, in a big country racing establishment ;<br /> and, secondly, in a Soho public-house, a cleanly<br /> oasis in their sordidity being furnished by the<br /> West Kensington maisonette of a literary lady.<br /> There is no doubt about one thing. This book is<br /> not by Mrs. Gore, or the authoress of “ Lords<br /> and Liveries”; it is no sequel to “ Dukes and<br /> Déjeuners.”<br /> <br /> And this brings us straight to a side of Mr.<br /> George Moore’s work upon which we must touch.<br /> It would be idle to ignore that its episodes and<br /> its out-speaking may give offence. It would be<br /> idle to pretend that we consider it an apt object<br /> of presentation to a god-child, or a suitable<br /> holiday book for the young person. The moment<br /> that we admit so much we are in the very lists of<br /> controversy; but with the discretion of Orpheus<br /> C. Kerr’s brigadier-general, “ we resign our com-<br /> mission and go home.’”’ Nothing is to be gained<br /> by remaining to controvert. Nothing good has<br /> ever come out of these discussions. No issue has<br /> been made clearer. Whether this or that subject<br /> can be made a fit subject for artistic treatment<br /> is, we humbly think, of no practical consequence.<br /> Art has no limits, says one—a jeune feroce this.<br /> Tf art comes in the form of a novel which may<br /> lie about on the drawing-room table, it should<br /> have the strictest limits, says another—a pater-<br /> familias this. With half an eye it will be seen that<br /> a mutual understanding as to the exact meaning<br /> of the word art might reconcile the combatants,<br /> and with half a thought it will be compre-<br /> hended that no mutual understanding on the<br /> definition could ever be arrived at. So we desire<br /> to speak of “Esther Waters” only, which is a<br /> book well worth speaking of, and not of the<br /> abstract principles that should regulate the pen of<br /> the right-minded author—for is not this rather<br /> a large question, although the recent reviews of<br /> several novels have glibly proposed to answer it<br /> in a sentence or two? The author «f “ Esther<br /> Waters” has treated the many difficult episodes<br /> logically arising in the course of his, narrative<br /> with almost invariable restraint. f here and<br /> there he has introduced a touch which he believed<br /> necessary to accentuate the truth of his picture,<br /> and which we, on perusal, believe would have<br /> been better omitted, it isa small thing; and we<br /> <br /> VOL. Iv.<br /> <br /> 431<br /> <br /> are entirely happy to credit the constructor of an<br /> excellent piece of work with knowing his busi-<br /> ness. For remember the episodes are logically<br /> necessary to the theme of the book. They are<br /> truly illustrative of the author’s design, and not<br /> dragged in. Quarrel with the theme by all<br /> means (that is a matter of pure private taste)<br /> but do not carp at the episodes, whose setting-<br /> forth constitutes the only possible manner of<br /> writing a book upon the theme.<br /> <br /> “There are some very exact treatises on astro-<br /> nomy, the use of the globes, agriculture, and the<br /> art of making paper flowers. Upon the less<br /> apparent provinces of life I fear you will find<br /> nothing truthful.’ Thus the inimitable and<br /> senteutious Prince Florizel, who may now add to<br /> his comical list of subjects that have undergone<br /> exact literary treatment, horse-racing, its fasci-<br /> nations, its disappointments, and its surroundings,<br /> with their intimate blending of the sad with the<br /> hilarious, and the reckless with the calculating.<br /> “ Aisther Waters” is a tract against the evils of<br /> the turf. But it is free from the usual sin of the<br /> novel with a purpose—exaggeration. As a rule<br /> the protest of the novelist against an ill habit<br /> loses its accuracy in its picturesqueness, and sup-<br /> porters of the abuse, resenting the attack upon<br /> them, are able to convict the author of perversion<br /> of the facts. Mr. George Moore has painted a<br /> truthful picture that will be recognised as truth-<br /> ful by two sets of readers—those who know and<br /> those who do not. Those to whem the daily<br /> market odds in our papers are so much Runic will<br /> see at once that a great deal of what is described in<br /> “ Esther Waters ”’ must be going on around them.<br /> Those whose daily profession or pleasure it is to<br /> study these figures will be compelled to admit<br /> that the book has been written with the authority<br /> that is only born of knowledge. There has been<br /> no attempt to make a popular goody-goody suc-<br /> cess by an overstatement of evils. We have here<br /> no story of high-born, open-handed youths of<br /> promise starting in the flush of juvenile enthu-<br /> siasm to end bankrupt of fame and fortune.<br /> Every bookmaker is not a welsher or a scheming<br /> diplomatist. There is no chronicling of enormous<br /> wagers, of startling coups, or of roping and<br /> coping schemes. These things may occur on the<br /> turf, but a description of them—much less a<br /> description of them alone—forms no truthful<br /> presentment of the turf. The design of the author<br /> of “ Esther Walters ” has been to point out the<br /> extent to which the craze for betting has deeply<br /> infected a large section of the community, and<br /> incidentally to write an artistic story. And he<br /> has succeeded. The description of the great racing<br /> establishment at Woodview is perfectly life-like.<br /> The master is no victim of blue-blooded heedless-<br /> <br /> Le<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 432<br /> <br /> ness. He is, on the contrary, of not particularly<br /> select extraction, and races on strictly business<br /> principles, backing his horses according as they are<br /> “meant.” He finally fails because his son, the<br /> gentleman rider, proves unable to pull a horse<br /> without being observed. ‘“ He couldn’t sit down<br /> and saw his blooming ’ead off right in th’ middle<br /> of the course, with the ’andicapper’s field glasses<br /> on him. He&#039;d have been warned off the blooming<br /> ’eath, and he couldn’t afford that, even to save<br /> his own father,” is the way the bookmaker puts<br /> it. Surely this situation is much more impres-<br /> sive as well as much more truthful than the<br /> ordinary story of a turf failure. If a man whose<br /> extravagance is in his blood fail on the turf it is<br /> not fair to blame the turf. Such men can ruin<br /> themselves playing cat’s cradle for kisses. But<br /> the picture of a man, who, racing for business—<br /> and that go strictly that he is willing to lose his<br /> own and his son’s honour in his attention to<br /> business—can yet only encompass ruin, forms a<br /> real argument against turf speculation.<br /> <br /> The fidelity to life which characterises the<br /> pourtrayal of the master of Woodview and his<br /> entourage is equally manifest in the description<br /> of Esther’s betrayer and husband, the ex-foot-<br /> man, the sporting publican, the ready-money<br /> bookmaker. He deserts the mother of his<br /> illegitimate child, and is clearly dissolute, low-<br /> lived, and unscrupulous. But he is very human.<br /> He is kind-hearted. He is honest according to<br /> the code of a ready-money bookmaker, and his<br /> wrath at the mere use of the word welsher in<br /> his presence is as natural as it is justifiable. He<br /> is a good husband in a way. He is a good<br /> fellow in a way. He isa mean scamp in most<br /> ways. And a most convincing picture. No less<br /> faithful to life are the votaries of the turf who<br /> assemble at the bar of the ‘‘Spread Hagle.”<br /> Their superstitious credulity, their belief in<br /> omens and in strange tips, combined with<br /> their real knowledge of their subject, are admir-<br /> ably hit off. The wide-spread evils of betting—<br /> its inducements to pilfering and general laxity—<br /> are exemplified without being insisted upon. Mr.<br /> Leopold is, in particular, a wonderful study made<br /> in true Balzac vein. The little sallow, mysterious,<br /> unmoved man, the incarnation of racing lore and<br /> the genius of cold calculation, whose nickname<br /> testifies to the popular belief that his turf know-<br /> ledge has made him a millionaire, is all his life on<br /> the edge of bitter penury, an unsuccessful, ever-<br /> trusting plunger. ‘Chis one man is an exhaustive<br /> homily against the national sport.<br /> <br /> Of Esther herself, the modest but unchaste,<br /> dowdy but noble little figure around whom this<br /> mean crowd revolves, we do not intend to say<br /> much. Mr. George Moore has told the story of<br /> <br /> t<br /> f<br /> <br /> &amp;<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> her life without padding (which is equivalent to<br /> admitting that any attempt to make an abstract<br /> of it would be useless), and we commend the<br /> reader to his pages. Esther struck us as natural<br /> in her contradictions. She is consistent to her<br /> character, which is eminently malleable. A<br /> puritan in her religious home, in the lax sur-<br /> roundings of the racing establishment and under<br /> the influence of a first love she falls. Asa mother<br /> she rises splendidly to the emergencies of a cruel<br /> situation, and is displayed as a brave self-<br /> sacrificing woman. As the wife of a sporting<br /> publican she learns to look leniently upon a very<br /> seamy side of life. Into the grossness of it she<br /> never falls, but it belongs to her character that<br /> she should assimilate herself to her environment<br /> to some extent. She starts in Mr. George<br /> Moore’s romance asa good girl; she sees life (life<br /> with a vengeance, as Mrs. Quickly would have said)<br /> for twenty years; and she endsas a good woman.<br /> And throughout her moral and material fluctua-<br /> tions she is constant to one predominating<br /> design—the design to bring up her boy ‘to<br /> earn good money,’ that is, to be a self-<br /> respecting citizen in some reputable walk<br /> of life. And in this she sueceeds. She<br /> makes no fine speeches and is unconscious of<br /> her bravery, but not of her frailty. Yet of this<br /> latter she has a word to say. She claims, or<br /> rather appeals, to be considered a good woman in<br /> spite of her youthful lapse. We have no doubt<br /> whatever of our own answer or of the author&#039;s to<br /> Esther’s appeal.<br /> <br /> Mr. George Moore is to be thoroughly con-<br /> gratulated upon his novel. It is an eloquent<br /> exhortation on behalf of charity and against<br /> greed.<br /> <br /> 22 ——————<br /> <br /> BOOK-TALK.<br /> <br /> oh AN-HUNTING IN THE DESERT” is<br /> <br /> the title which Captain Haynes, R.E.,<br /> <br /> has given to his account of the search<br /> expedition undertaken in 1882-83 by Sir Charles<br /> Warren to clear up all doubt as to the fate of<br /> Professor Palmer, Captain Gill, and Lieutenant<br /> Charrington. With what result is well known ;<br /> the committal service in St. Paul’s and the<br /> erection of the memorial tablet will be within<br /> everyone’s recollection. The tablet is figured in<br /> this book, but it is not the only memorial. A<br /> cairn of stones surrounding a wooden cross was<br /> built in the: desert by Sir Charles Warren close to<br /> the scene.of the murder, on a spot chosen by Miss<br /> Charrington. -The cross bears the names of the<br /> murdered men, and states also that they were<br /> killed while on a special mission from the British<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> Government, To these must be added the<br /> window in Rochester Cathedral, erected to the<br /> memory of Captain Gill by his brother officers.<br /> Should time and circumstance take away these<br /> memorials, there is still the actual gravestone in<br /> Saint Paul’s Cathedral, which is lettered thus :<br /> <br /> EB. H. P.<br /> AGED. XLII.<br /> <br /> W. J. @.<br /> XXXIX,<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> H. C.<br /> XXVI.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> It had been arranged at first that Sir Charles<br /> Warren should write the account of the search<br /> expedition, but, pressure of public work prevent-<br /> ing this, Captain Haynes undertook it. There<br /> are, however, three appendices written by Colonel<br /> Warren :—(A) On his connection with the expedi-<br /> tion; (B) an abbreviated account of Professor<br /> Palmer’s expedition ; (c) notes on Arabia Petreea<br /> and the country lying between Egypt and<br /> Palestine.<br /> <br /> Painful as the account is which Captain Haynes<br /> has to tell, he has made it readable by keeping<br /> carefully to the narrative style, and does not<br /> dwell unnecessarily on any of the harrowing<br /> details. It is sufficient to say that he relates<br /> how the murderers were discovered with infinite<br /> difficulty, the different witnesses on sO many<br /> occasions having prearranged the story they<br /> should tell, and how justice was at last done.<br /> Sir Charles Warren, to the satisfaction of all<br /> associated with him, insisted upon putting in such<br /> evidence as would have obtained a conviction<br /> according to the procedure of an English court,<br /> which is more exacting than the mixed tribunal at<br /> Tanta and Alexandria before whom the prisoners<br /> were tried. Five were sentenced to death, and<br /> seven others received from three to fifteen years<br /> imprisonment.<br /> <br /> There are some points still open to conjecture<br /> with respect to the cause of the murder. Whether<br /> the three men were murdered for the money they<br /> had with them, or whether the crime was part of<br /> the Holy War set on foot by Arabi, which im-<br /> plied the massacre of the Christians, is still an<br /> unsettled question. It would seem that Colonel<br /> Warren inclined to the former view and Captain<br /> Haynes to the latter. Then, also, there is the<br /> part played by Ali Effendi, the Governor of<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 433<br /> <br /> Nakhl—the place where Palmer was going, and<br /> where he had arranged a meeting of the Sheikhs.<br /> This proposed meeting itself presents a difficulty,<br /> because it is not clear whether Palmer knew that<br /> Ali Effendi favoured the cause of Arabi. It was<br /> from a letter written by the Governor of Nakhl<br /> to a colleague the Governor of Akabah, instructing<br /> him how to defend the latter fort, that the<br /> search party first learnt that the missing men<br /> were dead. This letter was given up to the<br /> search party by the Governor of Akabah, and<br /> does not show Ali Effendi in a bad light.<br /> Captain Haynes prints it in his fourth chapter ;<br /> and, since it contained orders not to kill, but<br /> only to take prisoners, considers it under the cir-<br /> cumstances a very proper instruction. When,<br /> however, the search party got to Nakhl, after<br /> the site of the murder had been visited and the<br /> remains recovered, the Governor’s evidence was<br /> taken, Then it came out that at time of the<br /> murder he had left Nakhl, and was hovering<br /> about close to the spot where the crime was<br /> committed. He explained his action by saying<br /> “it was in the hope of conducting the English<br /> gentlemen to their destination.” The reader will<br /> not be surprised to learn that it was part of the<br /> plan of the search party to instal a new governor<br /> at Nakhl. Ali was afterwards discharged the<br /> service, and suffered a year’s imprisonment with<br /> hard labour. There seems to be little doubt<br /> but that he knew the crime would be committed,<br /> and that if he did not order it, at least he did<br /> nothing to prevent it. The rest of the narrative<br /> deals with the discovery of the tribe to which<br /> the murderers belonged, which appears to have<br /> been almost as difficult a task as to pick out the<br /> actual culprits. The search party also succeeded<br /> in recovering some of the money Palmer had<br /> taken with him. Captain Haynes manages to<br /> bring forward each point of interest with telling<br /> effect, which is greatly enhanced by his uphold-<br /> ing the opinion that the Professor’s mission was<br /> a success, and that, without the journey from<br /> Jaffa and Gaza to Suez, our difficulties in retain-<br /> ing command of the Canal must have been much<br /> more serious, and that up to a certain point<br /> Palmer’s influence was felt among tribes of the<br /> desert. It is, perhaps, anatural mistake to think<br /> that, because a man meets with treachery and is<br /> killed, that therefore his work must be considered a<br /> failure as well as a misfortune. It is made clear<br /> in these pages how partial and wrong such a view<br /> would be.<br /> <br /> It is chiefly in the last chapter that the author<br /> allows us to see what he himself thinks of the<br /> whole affair — the Palmer expedition, and the<br /> search expedition. His reflections are of such a<br /> nature that they deserve the closest attention.<br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> 434<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> He does not fail to show us how contemptible the<br /> House of Commons can be on occasion, and<br /> though he hazards the remark that it is perhaps<br /> idle to refer to some of the statements made in<br /> the House, yet the references he does make are<br /> by no means the most pleasant reading. With<br /> regard to the members who did not hesitate to<br /> challenge Colonel Warren’s integrity in the<br /> conduct of the investigation, instancing also the<br /> case of Captain Lugard, the author writes :<br /> <br /> The eagerness with which people at home adoptand make<br /> public the gravest and most discreditable charges against<br /> their countrymen beyond the seas, when they are unable<br /> effectually to defend their own conduct, occasions some of<br /> <br /> the saddest moments in the lives of those whose duty it is<br /> to serve their country in foreign lands.<br /> <br /> In fairness, this may be said to refer as much<br /> to outside opinion as to an attack in the House;<br /> and it is difficult to believe that members would<br /> care so little whether they accused an absent<br /> individual falsely or not, so long as they could<br /> discredit the Government. It ma y be worth<br /> while to notice that in each of these cases the<br /> action of the parties in question was defended<br /> not in the Commons but in the Lords.<br /> <br /> One other reflection which especially deserves<br /> attention is as follows: “The circumstances which<br /> surrounded Palmer’s untimely death seems to<br /> suggest some error of judgment in his selection<br /> for the work to be done in the desert.” Captain<br /> Haynes then quotes from the “ Life of Palmer”<br /> a passage in which his biographer says :<br /> <br /> Yet Palmer ought not to have been allowedto go. On this<br /> point there seems no doubt or dispute whatever. So long as<br /> there was a single soldier in Her Majesty&#039;s dominion who<br /> <br /> could be intrusted with the work this scholar should have<br /> been spared.<br /> <br /> Since those words were penned we had to send<br /> a soldier to do a soldier’s work, and the result was<br /> the same—treachery and death.<br /> <br /> It seems impossible now when reconsidering<br /> the murder of Palmer and the work done to<br /> insure our supremacy in Egypt, not to look<br /> further forward to the murder of Gordon and the<br /> attempt to evacuate the Soudan. They are<br /> succeeding chapters in the same history which tell<br /> how even British lives are not rendered any safer<br /> by party politicians, with their conflicting views<br /> of our duty in Egypt and our interest in India,<br /> Of these two men, Gordon and Palmer, we dare<br /> not ask which was the better man, but we may<br /> ask which stands the higher in the national mind.<br /> Undoubtedly Gordon. His simplicity of character,<br /> his charity, his personal piety, have all tended to<br /> make him a popular hero. But lest it should be<br /> thought there can be no heroism outside the<br /> soldier’s life, it seems perfectly excusable for once<br /> to be an advocate for another’s claims, and say<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> that the persevering scholar, the student of many<br /> tongues and many men, has as great a claim on<br /> the national memory.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ote.<br /> <br /> 80-SO SOCIOLOGY.<br /> <br /> (Continued from p. 411.)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 141. Were there no insanity, there would be no<br /> misery.<br /> <br /> 142. Beauty is a blend compounded of appre-<br /> hension and of appreciation.<br /> <br /> 143. Too many souls never seem to rise above<br /> the grub-stage.<br /> <br /> 144. Reason is a mean between instinct and<br /> insight.<br /> <br /> 145. The weak wish time, while they merely<br /> want talent.<br /> <br /> 146. While the far prophet gains kudos, the<br /> near loses caste.<br /> <br /> 147. Holiness harmonises the infinite worlds<br /> without and within.<br /> <br /> 148. Charity begins within, and never ends<br /> without.<br /> <br /> 149. Who jests with lying plays practical<br /> jokes on his own soul.<br /> <br /> 150. Forgiveness is worthless, without a fruit-<br /> ful future.<br /> <br /> 151. Many reformations<br /> pointed, but none ever failed.<br /> <br /> 152. Successful selfishness<br /> spiritual suicide.<br /> <br /> 153. Man may raise money, but no mere money<br /> ever raised Man.<br /> <br /> 154. Majority may most lead, but only minority<br /> can best leaven. :<br /> <br /> 155. Beauty attracts, goodness assists, truth<br /> attests.<br /> <br /> 156. When the whole brain wholly sleeps, we<br /> call this ‘‘ death.”<br /> <br /> 157. Had birth begun personal life, death<br /> might come to end it.<br /> <br /> 158. Huthusiasm may often seem extreme, but<br /> can never be mean,<br /> <br /> 159. Pain is a precept as well often as a<br /> penalty.<br /> <br /> 160. Absence of logic does not prove presence<br /> of love.<br /> <br /> 161. None but the fair soul deserves the brave<br /> heart.<br /> <br /> 162. Humanity is the twin sister of humility.<br /> <br /> 163. Physical energy is often mistaken for<br /> mental supremacy.<br /> <br /> 164. Capacity makes the criminal: opportunity,<br /> the crime.<br /> <br /> may have disap-<br /> <br /> simply suggests<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> 165. Were there less ungraciou-ness, there<br /> would be less ingratitude.<br /> <br /> 166. Some minority has most might; other<br /> minority has best right. © PHINLAY GLENELG.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 2<br /> <br /> SAN FRANCISCO&#039;S LITERARY CONGRESS.<br /> Tr plans for the Literary Congress, to be<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> held in San Francisco during the month of<br /> <br /> May, are not yet wholly matured, but the<br /> committee in charge has outlined a programme<br /> which promises much in the way of interest and<br /> practical benefit to participants.<br /> <br /> According to the present plans the congress<br /> will occupy five days, and will be made up of<br /> afternoon and evening sessions. The day<br /> sessions will be chiefly devoted to the discussion<br /> of practical and ethical questions, while the<br /> evening sessions will, as far as possible, be con-<br /> ducted by American men of letters, and distin-<br /> guished foreign guests, and will consist of<br /> readings by authors of note, and of discussions<br /> of topics of world-wide interest.<br /> <br /> The first meeting will be an evening session,<br /> which will take the form of an informal recep-<br /> tion, with an address on “The Influence of<br /> Literature on National Character.” This will be<br /> followed by a Pacific Coast day, an American<br /> day, an English day, and a day which will be an<br /> olla podrida of subjects of interest to writers,<br /> including a discussion of International Copy-<br /> right, talks about French and Russian literature,<br /> a debate upon the salutary influence of periodical<br /> literature, and an inquiry into the mission of<br /> literature and the coming type.<br /> <br /> The general purpose of the congress is declared<br /> to be to discuss the present conditions and the<br /> tendencies of literature, and some startling sub-<br /> jects will be considered. One of these is “The<br /> Novel as a Factor in English Civilisation.”<br /> Another is “ Poetry as the Religion of the<br /> Future.” The Functions and Titerature of<br /> Criticism will be seriously discussed, and “ The<br /> Novel or the Newspaper — the Pulpit of the<br /> Day?” is suggestive of some bright speeches<br /> aud audacious expressions of opinion.<br /> <br /> The men who are framing the plan of this<br /> congress seem to be so prolific in bright ideas<br /> that their greatest difficulty is going to be to<br /> decide what not to include in the programme.<br /> Already they are embarrassed by the wealth of<br /> subjects suggested for discussion; not hack-<br /> neyed topics, but fresh, original, thought-<br /> inspiring questions. F. oH. L.<br /> <br /> re<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> NOTES AND NEWS.<br /> ESS novel of the month arrived very early<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> in the month. There was so much said<br /> <br /> about it everywhere on its appearance that<br /> it seems like old history to mention it here. That<br /> “Marcella ’’ has been received with greater favour<br /> than either of her predecessors is quite certain;<br /> it remains to be seen which of the three will retain<br /> the greatest popularity. Meantime the extra-<br /> ordinary increase of successful and admirable<br /> women novelists is undoubtedly most remark-<br /> ably characteristic of literature in this decade.<br /> Vividness of imagination; the power of present-<br /> ing their characters clearly ; the power of telling<br /> a story; many women have shown these qualities<br /> during the last half century. What they now<br /> show is dramatic force, style, wit, epigram,<br /> independence, and freedom of thought.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> es<br /> <br /> I have been reading “Esther Waters,” by<br /> Mr. George Moore. I venture to express my<br /> humble opinion upon the book, viz., that it is,<br /> from the artistic point of view, a fine piece of<br /> work. In another column will be found the<br /> opinion of another man, much to the same effect.<br /> The artistic excellence of the book seems indeed<br /> to me so great as to place its author in the first<br /> rank. It is a real study of life, real and true<br /> and courageous. The writer shirks nothing ; gives<br /> undue importance to nothing ; does not dwell un-<br /> necessarily on subjects unpleasant, yet accepts<br /> things repulsive as belonging to life. But, I hear,<br /> the story is, in some quarters, considered immoral.<br /> This means, I take it, hurtful in some way to<br /> morals; encouraging, for instance, one kind of<br /> immorality. Does it? For my own part, I<br /> cannot find that it does, but perhaps it is a<br /> matter of opinion. As men and women of letters,<br /> we must own that we may drape, but we must<br /> draw from the nude; that is to say, whatever<br /> the poet, dramatist, novelist, preacher, essayist,<br /> historian writes or speaks, if he would move<br /> the world he must have, to work upon, his<br /> solid foundations of actual truth, reality, and<br /> fact. Things that are, not things that may<br /> be, underlie all true literature. Things that<br /> are form the real strength and power of this<br /> book. But the treatment of things that are—there<br /> is the point! Very well. I repeat that I cannot<br /> find in the whole book anything at all likely to<br /> shake the moral principles of the most weak-kneed<br /> moralist. Mr. Feeblemind and Mr, Faintheart may<br /> read it without fear, while Christian himself may<br /> beguile his pilgrimage with its pages, which will<br /> presently cause him to break out into hymns.<br /> Should it be given to the Young Lady? We<br /> 436<br /> <br /> may quite safely leave the question to the Young<br /> Lady herself, who is no longer dependent<br /> upon Man’s choice of books for her. But I<br /> would say to this independent thinker, “ Young<br /> Lady, here is a book that treats of things as<br /> they are. You have read at school a good<br /> deal of literature which deals with human nature<br /> and the things of nature; you are not at all an<br /> ignorant young person; you have read Ovid, and<br /> Virgil, and Horace ; you have read Shakespeare,<br /> Molitre, Goethe; you have been told that good<br /> literature must be true. Very good. This book<br /> is, Lassure you, quite true. It may not make you<br /> happier to know the truth about humanity; but<br /> it may make you wiser. If there are sinners in<br /> the world, you will not be tempted by this writer<br /> to go and do likewise. But please yourself.” She<br /> holds out her hand. ‘“ Give me the book,” says<br /> the Young Lady. Should the book be given to<br /> the School Girl? The question may be left to the<br /> ladies who have the School Girl under their care.<br /> I believe that there are many things in life which<br /> are not taught to the School Girl. Perhaps<br /> betting is one. Perhaps this or that is another.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> We have had a great many letters on the<br /> subject of editor and contributor. The complaints<br /> of the latter have in almost all cases been<br /> directed against the editors of low-class organs,<br /> poverty-stricken and struggling. One corre-<br /> spondent, “‘ Experto Crede,” gives (p. 440) excel.<br /> lent advice, that I would beg young readers to<br /> consider, and which I here repeat: “ Offer your<br /> contributions only to the best magazines, the best<br /> weeklies, the best papers. If you cannot get on,<br /> after working your hardest and your best, give it<br /> up. Don’t try any more. Recognise that lite-<br /> rary distinction is not for you. If you persist,<br /> remember that on the low levels for which you will<br /> write there is no distinction attainable, and a<br /> wage which is more miserable than you can get<br /> by almost any other kind of work.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> In the correspondence of this month (p. 442)<br /> there is a letter on “ Printing Abroad.” Let<br /> everyone have a hearing. Our correspondent<br /> argues that it does not matter how many men<br /> are thrown out of work if we can only get things<br /> cheap. Now to apply our correspondent’s<br /> reasoning to an extreme case. Suppose all the<br /> printing, paper, and binding sent abroad for<br /> cheapness. Suppose, further, that a book can<br /> thus be issued at 20 per cent. under the present<br /> price. How is the country enriched thereby?<br /> First, it gains 20 per cent on its book bill.<br /> Against this set the loss of the wages, rent,<br /> <br /> profit, interest on capital of the whole printing -<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> trade, together with the maintenance of the<br /> printers and their families until they can be<br /> emigrated. When they are gone we must reckon<br /> the loss of so many thousands of productive<br /> hands to the country. Again, let us suppose the<br /> entire transfer of the cotton trade to Belgium.<br /> Cotton becomes cheaper by 10 per cent. perhaps.<br /> What will become of the millions who now live<br /> by cotton? I, for one, do not believe in the<br /> doctrine of cheapness.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ETAts-UNIs.<br /> New York, le 23 avril.<br /> <br /> Un projet tendant a créer une institution, analogue a<br /> celle de l’Académie francaise vient d’étre soumis au<br /> Congrés.<br /> <br /> I cut the above from the Débats of April 23.<br /> As the London papers were not accessible to me<br /> on that day, I do not know whether this intel-<br /> ligence has appeared in them. Perhaps it is not<br /> true. If it is, however, we may hope to get the<br /> question of our English Academy properly dis-<br /> cussed. Four years ago there was some desul-<br /> tory talk upon the subject in the Daily Graphic<br /> continued for three weeks or so. But in that<br /> correspondence the real points, the points of<br /> importance, were hardly more than touched.<br /> Most of the objectors assumed that an English<br /> Academy must necessarily be an exact copy of<br /> the French, with its very limited number and its<br /> very objectionable practice of canvassing. For<br /> my own part, I should like above all things to<br /> see an English Academy, but of a wider kind.<br /> This opinion is advanced as purely personal. There<br /> are many members of this Society whose views, I<br /> know, are exactly the opposite. There should be<br /> very important differences between our Academy<br /> and the French. In number, for instance. The<br /> number forty was chosen when French writers<br /> addressed a nation of ten millions with about<br /> one million who could read. If the proportions<br /> were preserved that forty would now be fifteen<br /> hundred at least—too large a body to allow of<br /> the election keing a distinction. Since, in our<br /> own speech, a writer now addresses a possible<br /> audience of a hundred and twenty millions,<br /> who can all read; since, if he is successful, he<br /> becomes actually known to a fourth at least of<br /> that number, would it be too much to give the<br /> English Academy, representing all branches of<br /> literature, one hundred members? And would it<br /> be too much to expect these members to find out<br /> for themselves the men and women most worthy<br /> of honour? Whether the Academy should have<br /> any functions or duties to perform, or whether<br /> membership would be a distinction only, is a<br /> question that may be reserved.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> The Secretary has placed in my hands a letter,<br /> which contains the following passage :<br /> <br /> I believe in the Society of Authors, but so far, while you<br /> have most kindly helped me to an abundance of advice, the<br /> Society does not seem able to point out publishers who will<br /> take MSS. by approved authors and deal fairly with them.<br /> <br /> If we could do this in every case, all our diffi-<br /> culties would be removed. We cannot say of any<br /> publisher that he will take MSS. by approved<br /> authors ; one can no more persuade a publisher to<br /> take a MS. than one can persuade a man to put<br /> money in any kind of enterprise ; he has to satisfy<br /> his own mind first, and many an author would be<br /> surprised to learn the publisher&#039;s opinion of his<br /> commercial value. As for the fair dealing, we<br /> can tell every author beforehand the kind of<br /> treatment he will receive at any house; whether<br /> he will be bled by secret profits for instance ;<br /> whether he will be lured into confidence by an<br /> engaging frankness, and then stripped of this<br /> right or that right; whether the agreement<br /> offered may be considered fair or unfair; whether<br /> the publisher will keep that agreement ; whether<br /> the estimate of the cost of production is fraudu-<br /> lent or not—all these things we can do for our<br /> members, and it really seems a good deal.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The Figaro has been throwing a little light on<br /> the cost of production in Paris. The writer signs<br /> himself “ Un Indiscret,’’ which very clearly indi-<br /> cates that the same mystery has been thrown over<br /> the cost of production in France that we have<br /> encountered—and dispersed—here. He takes a<br /> French novel of 300 pages, at 30 lines to a page,<br /> in the ordinary large type used for such books.<br /> T have before me such a volume of Guy de Mau-<br /> passant’s, only with 34 lives to a page. A first<br /> edition of 1200 copies costs to produce, he says,<br /> 1100 francs, a good deal less than such a volume<br /> would cost here. If it isa first novel the publisher<br /> gives the author 350 francs for it. The average<br /> price to the trade is 2°25 francs. If the whole<br /> edition goes off the publisher makes a profit of<br /> 800 francs. But the whole edition of an unknown<br /> novelist may not go off. Thus he may lose by<br /> his venture. In this country he would make the<br /> author guarantee him against any Icss. It is not<br /> stated whether the first novel is bought right<br /> out for 350 francs, but that would appear to<br /> be the custom. The writer—‘ Un Indiscret”<br /> —goes on to tell us that poetry is always<br /> paid for by the poet—Alas! poor poet !—and<br /> that in many cases where a poet has actually<br /> made what appears, outside, to be a considerable<br /> name, it must be confined to a very small<br /> circle, because nobody buys the new poetry. He<br /> then gives figures showing the order of popularity<br /> of French novelists. His figures have been dis-<br /> <br /> 437<br /> <br /> puted, so that one need not reproduce them here.<br /> The first five, however, are said to be Zola,<br /> Daudet, Octave Feuillet, Loti, and Ohnet.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Twenty years ago, when there was no copyright<br /> with America, anyone in tbis country might pro-<br /> duce any American book without paying the<br /> author anything. This was done in a great many<br /> instances. Prof. Brander Matthews pointed out in<br /> a paper published, three or four years ago, in New<br /> York, that piracy by publishers was carried on as<br /> vigorously in this country as in America. It is<br /> therefore pleasant to publish such a letter as the<br /> following, addressed to Messrs. Ward, Lock,<br /> Bowden, and Co., by the American writer, Max<br /> Adeler :<br /> <br /> It is just twenty years, I think, since my business rela-<br /> tions with you were begun. At the end of this long period<br /> I regard it as an obligation, as assuredly it is a very great<br /> pleasure, to bear testimony to the fact that your treatment<br /> of me has been of the most honourable character, and to<br /> thank you very cordially for the uniform kindness that I<br /> have received at your hands. You could have done<br /> nothing for me, in justice to yourselves, that you have not<br /> done.<br /> <br /> The only note that jars is the use of the word<br /> “kindness ” instead of “justice.” Not that one<br /> doubts either, but between two parties to a<br /> business transaction it is justice and not kind-<br /> ness that is wanted.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The annual meeting of the Authors’ Club, held<br /> on the 4th inst., disclosed a very satisfactory condi-<br /> tion. The club numbers 300 members ; its rooms<br /> are always well filled; the coffee-room charges<br /> are extremely moderate, and the members seem<br /> quite satisfied with the actual position and_pro-<br /> spects of their club. The chairman pointed out<br /> that if the numbers were increased by another<br /> hundred, a great deal more could be done for the<br /> club. A library of reference is in course of forma-<br /> tion. Various sub-committees were elected by the<br /> members present. The purpose of the founders,<br /> to create a club of literary men which shall be at<br /> once well appointed and strictly moderate in its<br /> charges, promises to be successfully carried out.<br /> Every member is a shareholder in the club ; each<br /> share is £5, but only £2 are called up; the annual<br /> subscription is 4 guineas; once a month there is<br /> a house dinner; the situation of the club in<br /> Whitehall-court is absolutely central. Perhaps<br /> the statement of these facts may recommend the<br /> club to those readers of this paper who want such<br /> a club.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Se<br /> <br /> The council of the San Francisco Exhibition is<br /> about to imitate its Chicago predecessor in holding<br /> congresses. ‘There are to be congresses on Mines<br /> and Mining, on Economics, on Medicine, on Edu-<br /> 438<br /> <br /> cation, on Astronomy, on Music, on Temperance,<br /> on the Condition of Women, and on Literature.<br /> I fear that not many English men or women of<br /> letters will appear at the last-named conference,<br /> but there may be some. Those to whom a fort-<br /> night’s journey does not seem too great a fatigue<br /> —those who can spare two months—may find it<br /> pleasant and profitable to visit California and<br /> take part in the congress. And perhaps there<br /> may be among our members one or two who would<br /> represent the Society as the delegates. One is<br /> quite sure from our experience of Chicago that<br /> the reception they would meet would be cordial.<br /> <br /> —<br /> <br /> In London for April 19 there appeared an ex-<br /> cellent analysis of the reading and the authors<br /> read inthe Free Libraries of this City. Our space<br /> does not allow us to extract anything from this<br /> interesting and valuable paper, but we hope to<br /> return to the subject next month.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The question of publishing the list of members<br /> has awakened very little interest. Since there<br /> have been so few replies to the question, and since<br /> the balance of opinion, so far, is distinctly against<br /> publishing the list, it is not probable that the<br /> recent decision of the committee against publish-<br /> ing will be immediately reconsidered.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Prof. A. C. Mackenzie, Mus.D., Principal of the<br /> Royal Academy of Music, has joined the Council<br /> and the Executive Committee.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Up to the end of April 110 new members since<br /> the beginning of the year had either been elected<br /> or had sent in their applications for membership.<br /> <br /> oo<br /> <br /> At the last moment I have received from the<br /> shorthand reporter certain speeches made at a<br /> dinner of the Booksellers’ Provident Institution<br /> by Mr. John Murray and Mr. Frederick Mac-<br /> millan. The remarks which they suggest must<br /> wait till our next number,<br /> <br /> Water BEsant.<br /> <br /> ect<br /> <br /> Mopern Literature In Oxrorp.<br /> <br /> During Hilary Term, 1894, several public<br /> lectures were held. Mr. Palgrave read a paper<br /> on “The Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama.”<br /> Dr. Lentzner gave two lectures on ‘“ Henrik<br /> Ibsen,” and began an exposition of “ Goethe’s<br /> Faust” by delivering three lectures on the<br /> subject. Mr. Morfill delivered a lecture on<br /> “Servian Ballad Poetry.”<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> ENGLISH RABELAISIANS.<br /> <br /> HE influence of Rabelais on English litera-<br /> ture has been great and continuous. His<br /> satirical work has been pillaged and<br /> <br /> imitated by very many English writers, and often<br /> without the slightest acknowledgment. Rabelais<br /> is essentially a literary man’s author. He is<br /> “heathen Greek,” or worse, to most general<br /> readers, but to a large number of men of letters<br /> of the last three centuries he has been a cherished<br /> companion; and his influence on the style of<br /> many writers has been considerable.<br /> <br /> A knowledge of Rabelais seems to have spread<br /> in England with remarkable rapidity, for in less<br /> than half a century after the creator of Pan-<br /> tagruel died with a jest upon his lips, reference<br /> to his heroes—especially Gargantua—are found<br /> thickly scattered over the pages of English<br /> writers. There are several in Shakespeare, as,<br /> for instance, in “ As You Like It,” when Rosalind<br /> overwhelms her cousin with questions, ending<br /> with the demand, ‘‘ Answer me in one word.”<br /> Celia replies, ‘ You must borrow me Gargantua’s<br /> mouth first—’tis a word too great for any mouth<br /> of this age’s size.” Similar allusions are common<br /> all through Elizabethan literature. Ben Jonson<br /> speaks of ‘‘ Gargantuan breeches’; and, indeed,<br /> in those days when men’s trunk-hose were worn<br /> of the most preposterous size, padded and swelled<br /> out to a ridiculous extent, the Rabelaisian adjec-<br /> tive was highly appropriate. Nashe, in one of his<br /> truculently satirical tracts, calls a pamphleteering<br /> antagonist a ‘“‘Gargantuan bag-pudding” ; and,<br /> again, euphoniously styles the stately galleons of<br /> the Spanish Armada ‘“ Gargantuan boysterous<br /> culliguts.” Similar examples might be given from<br /> most writers of the Elizabethan period. The<br /> name of the gigantic Gargantua was prominent<br /> in the oral folk-lore of Brittany, Normandy, and<br /> other parts of France, long b:fore Rabelais made<br /> him the hero of his chronicle, but the name<br /> was almost unknown in literature, and there<br /> can be no doubt that our Elizabethan writers<br /> were indebted to Rabelais for their knowledge<br /> of the ancient giant who derived his name<br /> from his appetite. In Spain garganta means<br /> the gorge or gullet, and the Spanish for glutton<br /> is garganton.<br /> <br /> Three English writers, two of whom are better<br /> known than the third—Swift, Sterne, and Thomas<br /> Amory—have all been dubbed in turn “The<br /> English Rabelais.” The title was conferred on<br /> Swift by Voltaire, and is not inappropriate, for<br /> the Dean of St. Patrick’s, in his display of fierce<br /> satire and brilliant wit, mingled with much gross-<br /> ness of thought and speech, is certainly of the<br /> family of Rabelais. Not only does he often<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> resemble the great Frenchman in matter and style,<br /> but some of the incidents in “Gulliver” are<br /> boldly imitated—one might almost say “ con-<br /> veyed ”—from the history of Pantagruel.<br /> <br /> Sterne may perhaps be regarded as the most<br /> thoroughly Rabelaisian of English writers, if we<br /> leave out of sight the moral purpose and the deep<br /> thought that informed and justified the satire of<br /> the curé of Meudon. Sterne has abundance of<br /> wit and satire, but very little moral purpose. Mr.<br /> Percy Fitzgerald says that, “the cast of the whole<br /> Shandean history, its tone and manner and<br /> thought, is such as would come from one<br /> saturated, as it were, with Rabelais, and the<br /> school that imitated Rabelais.” This is rather<br /> strongly put, for, after all, the resemblances<br /> between Sterne and the great Frenchman are<br /> mostly on the surface. There can be no doubt<br /> that Sterne took Rabelais as his model—his<br /> chapter on noses is a direct imitation of his great<br /> original—but tricks of style and modes of thought<br /> are not very difficult to catch, and imitation, to a<br /> writer of Sterne’s style and temperament, is an<br /> easy and congenial task.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Sterne gives us Rabelaisian wit and humour<br /> and pathos, with a mixture of Rabelaisian gross-<br /> ness, al] in a style modelled upon that of his<br /> master; but there the resemblance ends. It is<br /> only in comparatively recent years that the true<br /> worth and aims and position of Rabelais have<br /> been properly appreciated. The popular view of<br /> the satirist is expressed in Pope’s lines to Swift,<br /> in the “ Dunciad :”—<br /> <br /> Whether thou choose Cervantes’ serious air,<br /> Or laugh and shake in Rab’lais’ easy chair.<br /> <br /> And this “ easy-chair”’ view, which recognises<br /> the great Frenchman only as a humorist of a<br /> rather gross type, takes no note of his wonderful<br /> satirical powers, of his attacks upon the corrup-<br /> tions of his age in morals and in religion, his<br /> condemnation of the miserable modes of educa-<br /> tion then in vogue, and his exhortations to<br /> higher ideals in life and labour, which culminate<br /> in his description of the abbey of Theleme. All<br /> these high aims and large views could have been<br /> plainly preached in those days only at the cost of<br /> the preacher&#039;s life, and for this reason the<br /> satirist put on the fool’s cap and disguised his<br /> real intentions and meaning amid a mass of jest:<br /> and fun of the most boisterous sort, giving the<br /> cap and bells an extra shake whenever the<br /> disguise had become for a moment too thin. It<br /> is easy, nowadays, for the careful student to<br /> read between the lines, to separate the chaff<br /> from the genuine wheat of the book; and there<br /> ran be little doubt but that many of his con-<br /> temporaries similarly penetrated the disguise,<br /> <br /> 439<br /> <br /> and recognised the reformer and preacher behind<br /> the antic mask and habit of the clown.<br /> <br /> The third “ English Rabelais” was Thomas<br /> Amory, the author of the “Life of John<br /> Buncle.” This extraordinary book, which<br /> was published about a hundred and _ thirty<br /> years ago, is in the Shandean style —ex-<br /> tremely discursive, with discourses on every<br /> imaginable subject, mixed up with the discussion<br /> of the author’s notions on theology. The laugh-<br /> ing spirit of Rabelais pervades the whole. The<br /> book was a favourite with Lamb. He recom-<br /> mended it to Coleridge’s notice as ‘a most<br /> curious romance-like work . . very inte-<br /> resting, and an extraordinary compound of all<br /> manner of subjects, from the depths of the<br /> ludicrous to the heights of sublime religious<br /> truth,’ Hazlitt says that the soul of Francis<br /> Rabelais passed into Amory—‘ both were phy-<br /> sicians, and enemies of too much gravity. Their<br /> great business was to enjoy life.” This, again,<br /> hardly does justice to the Frenchman. The<br /> “easy-chair” view of his work was still pre-<br /> dominant.<br /> <br /> A clearer view of his life and aims was set<br /> forth by Coleridge. In his “Table Talk” he<br /> exclaims :—‘I think with some interest upon the<br /> fact that Rabelais and Luther were born in the<br /> same year, Glorious spirits! Glorious spirits!”<br /> Coleridge recognised that however diverse were<br /> the characters and methods of these two great<br /> men--and no two men could have been more<br /> unlike one another—yet, essentially, their aims<br /> were the same. In another passage, the author<br /> of the “ Ancient Mariner” says:—‘ Beyond<br /> doubt, Rabelais was among the deepest, as well<br /> as boldest thinkers of his age. His buffoonery<br /> was not merely Brutus’s rough stick which con-<br /> tained a rod of gold; it was necessary as an<br /> amulet against the monks andlegates. . . . I<br /> could write a treatise in praise of the moral<br /> elevation of Rabelais’ work which would make<br /> the Church stare and the conventicle groan, and<br /> yet would be truth, and nothing but the truth.”<br /> <br /> G. L. APPERSON.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> recs<br /> <br /> CORRESPONDENCE.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I.—HeErsert SPENCER AND LITERATURE.<br /> <br /> N the notice of Miss Gingell’s “ Aphorisms<br /> from the Works of Herbert Spencer” im<br /> last month’s Author (p. 401), the writer<br /> <br /> dealing with Mr. Spencer’s views upon education<br /> and literature, says that ‘we must not blink the<br /> fact that, except in the sense of scientific litera-<br /> ture, it (literature) plays no part at all,”<br /> <br /> <br /> 440<br /> <br /> developing this a few lines later on by the<br /> remark “as long as the knowledge of crtain<br /> subjects—let us say especially history—has even<br /> a conventional value in social life, surely parents<br /> are justified in giving some of it to their children.<br /> The wish that these latter should not feel<br /> ignorant and awkward in such society as they<br /> will probably get does not appear to be entirely<br /> an unreasonable one.”<br /> <br /> The inferences intended to be drawn being that<br /> Mr. Spencer thinks pure literature of no educa-<br /> tional value; that such subjects as history are<br /> valueless; and that it matters not if children<br /> feel ignorant and awkward in the society they<br /> move in. ‘To anyone who is acquainted with Mr.<br /> Spencer’s works it will be quite unnecessary to<br /> say how entirely incorrect these statements are.<br /> To others it may be of interest to know what<br /> our great philosopher has himself said upon<br /> these very points. In “ Education” is written,<br /> “We yield to none in the value we attach to<br /> esthetic culture and its pleasures. Without<br /> painting, sculpture, music, poetry, and _ the<br /> emotions produced by natural beauty of every<br /> kind, life would lose half its charm. So far from<br /> regarding the training and gratification of the<br /> tastes as unimportant, we believe that in time to<br /> come they will occupy a much larger share of<br /> human life than now’”’ (Lib. ed., p. 38). In the<br /> “Principles of Ethics’”—‘ Literary culture has<br /> a high claim, and we may also admit that, as<br /> conducing to wealth and force of expression<br /> by furnishing materials for metaphor and<br /> allusion, it increases mental power and<br /> social effectiveness. In the absence of it con-<br /> versation is bald” (Vol. I, p.520). That Mr.<br /> Spencer values very highly the instruction to<br /> be gained from history follows not only from his<br /> compilations of ‘‘ Descriptive Sociology,” but also<br /> from the somewhat detailed way in which he has<br /> defined the kind of history which is alone of use<br /> to the citizen for the regulation of his conduct.<br /> Summing up, he says: The facts of history<br /> “given with as much brevity as consists with<br /> clearness and accuracy should be so grouped and<br /> arranged that they may be comprehended in<br /> their ensemble, and contemplated as mutually<br /> dependent parts of one great whole. The aim<br /> should be so to present them that men may<br /> readily trace the consensus subsisting among<br /> them ; with a view of learning what social pheno-<br /> mena co-exist with what others”? (‘‘ Education,”<br /> <br /> Pp. 35):<br /> <br /> The ill-adaptation of children to their society<br /> may be easily met by the truth enunciated<br /> throughout,the “ Principles of Biology ’”—indeed,<br /> this work cannot be truly comprehended until<br /> this truth is thoroughly mastered, and one can<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> as it were think in terms of it. That life 7s the<br /> correspondence between internal and external<br /> relations; that the degree of life varies as the<br /> degree of this correspondence; that perfect<br /> correspondence would be perfect life.<br /> <br /> F, Howarp Couns.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> II.—Tuer MisrortuNnes oF THE CASUAL<br /> ConTRIBUTOR.<br /> <br /> With reference to your recent correspondence<br /> dealing with the relations between editor and<br /> casual contributor, when will the latter recognise<br /> thaf, as Mr. Barrie puts it, ‘‘ there are only about<br /> a dozen papers in London worth writing for’’?<br /> When will they see that what is not good enough<br /> for a first-class paper or magazine really had<br /> better remain unpublished ?<br /> <br /> Over and over again have you laid down the<br /> sound rule that if good publishers decline MSS.,<br /> to send them to the lower grade houses is worse<br /> than useless. The same rule applies to journalism.<br /> Send your articles to the best dailies, the leading<br /> reviews, the most well-known magazines. If these<br /> decline them, set to work on something else ; if<br /> this too fails, take to palmistry or any other<br /> hobby, but recognise that distmction in the<br /> literary field is not for you.<br /> <br /> Let me give my own experience. Ihave written<br /> for a period between four and five years. In that<br /> time (I am not speaking of the regular work I<br /> have had, but only of casual contributions) I have<br /> had contributions accepted by some ten or twelve<br /> of the most well-known papers and magazines,<br /> the names of some of which I inclose for your<br /> private inspection, Mr. Editor, that you may be<br /> able to see my authority for so calling them. I<br /> have sent nothing to any second-rate paper.<br /> The result has been that never once have I had<br /> any difficulty about payment, my only scruples<br /> have been sometimes in ‘accepting what seemed<br /> ludicrously high prices for the amount of work<br /> done. And so let me advise ‘ Lunette,” and<br /> those in like case, to fly at higher game, and if<br /> they fail therein, to give up writing entirely.<br /> <br /> ExprertTo CREDE.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> IlI.—“ Inpustrian Enauanp.”<br /> <br /> The following facts may be of interest to<br /> Authors who have been invited to contribute<br /> to a series of volumes which, under the general<br /> title of “Industrial England,” are announced<br /> as being in preparation under the editorship<br /> of James Burnley, who writes from 83, Queen-<br /> street, Cheapside, E.C., and who says that<br /> he has already made arrangements with, among<br /> others, Mr. W. M. Ackworth, Sir Robert Rawlin-<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> son, Mr. H. Fox Bourne, Sir Douglas Galton,<br /> Sir Charles Dilke, Mr. Joseph Hatton, Sir<br /> Douglas Fox, Mr. G. Barnett Smith, Mr. Grant<br /> Allen, the Rev. H. R. Haweis, Mr. Walter Crane,<br /> Mr. Morley Roberts, Dr. F. H. Bowman, Mr.<br /> Edward Walford, Mr. Archibald Forbes, Mr.<br /> Charles G. Leland, and Mr. J. F. Rowbotham, to<br /> contribute to his work.<br /> <br /> 1. On Nov. 11, 1893, Mr. James Burnley,<br /> unsolicited and without any introduction, wrote<br /> to inform me that the work in question “is now<br /> being carried out under my editorship for Messrs.<br /> Sampson Low, Marston, and Co.,” and to ask me<br /> to contribute on a specified technical subject. To<br /> this I replied expressing my willingness to con-<br /> tribute.<br /> <br /> [Editor&#039;s note.—Messrs. Sampson Low and Co.<br /> have written to state that they had incurred no<br /> responsibility in the project. ]<br /> <br /> 2. On Nov. 17, 1893, Mr. James Burnley wrote<br /> to thank me, and to request me to contribute two<br /> chapters of about five thousand words each, giving<br /> an outline history of the subject up to the<br /> beginning of the present century, and subse-<br /> quently to continue the history of it, on a more<br /> elaborate scale, down to the present moment.<br /> After specifying terms, Mr. Burnley concluded<br /> by declaring that “ payment would, of course, be<br /> made on receipt of same” (viz., of copy). I<br /> replied suggesting a written programme, and<br /> offering to write ten chapters which should cover<br /> the whole subject.<br /> <br /> 3. On Nov. 20, 1893, Mr. James Burnley<br /> wrote, returning my written programme or<br /> synopsis, and accepting my offer, adding: “I<br /> note that you say that you could let me have the<br /> whole of the chapters by April, but it might facili-<br /> tate matters if you let me have a couple of<br /> chapters in January.” I promised to let him have<br /> a couple of chapters in January, and on Jan. 17 I<br /> sent him them.<br /> <br /> 4. On Jan. 18, 1894, Mr. James Burnley acknow-<br /> ledged the receipt of these chapters, adding : “I<br /> shall soon be able to place them in the hands of<br /> the printers, and will forward you proofs in due<br /> course.” Some days having elapsed, and Mr.<br /> Burnley being a total stranger to me, Iseut him a<br /> request for payment for these chapters.<br /> <br /> 5. On Feb. 5, 1894, Mr. James Burnley wrote :<br /> “ Referring to your letter of the other day, I shall<br /> have pleasure in placing the matter of your remu-<br /> neration before the proprietors at their meeting<br /> next week, and will get the account passed.”<br /> This wholly unexpectel introduction of “the<br /> proprietors” was not quite satisfactory to me;<br /> yet I waited patiently until Feb. 13, when I called<br /> upon Mr. James Burnley at his office, and saw him<br /> <br /> 441<br /> <br /> in presence of a young lady who appeared to be his<br /> type-writing assistant. He expressed himself as<br /> being extremely pleased with what I had done<br /> for him, and promised to let me hear from him<br /> ‘in the course of two or three days ;” but, as he<br /> omitted to keep his promise, I wrote on Feb. 21<br /> again requesting payment.<br /> <br /> 6. On Feb. 22, Mr. Burnley replied, objecting<br /> to the tone of my letter, disclaiming any desire<br /> to avoid his obligations; pleading that, as he was<br /> working with others, “these things had to go<br /> through a regular routine;” professing to be<br /> “unaware that it is usual to pay for articles on<br /> delivery, unless there has been an express stipula-<br /> tion to that effect” (see 2); but magnanimously<br /> deprecating “ any intention on his part of appeal-<br /> ing to the supposed custom”’ ; and hoping “in the<br /> course of next week to be able to do what is<br /> necessary.” I answered on Feb. 23, insisting<br /> that payment was due to meas a right and not<br /> as a favour, and saying that unless I received it<br /> on or before Feb. 27 I should take further<br /> advice.<br /> <br /> 7. Mr. James Burnley appears to have shown<br /> this letter of mine to a friend of his, who wrote<br /> on the 26th, asking me to go and see him on the<br /> subject in the City. I replied to this gentleman<br /> that I could not undertake to do this, as, so far<br /> as I knew, no facts were in dispute.<br /> <br /> 8. Mr. James Burnley wrote to me on Feb. 27,<br /> as follows, not on “ Industrial England” paper,<br /> but on paper which declared Mr. James Burnley<br /> to be a representative of the Gentlewoman, the<br /> Bradford Observer, the Nottingham Express, the<br /> Leeds Daily News, andthe Yorkshireman, and to<br /> be the author of numerous books. The letter<br /> was, like a&#039;l the previous ones, type-written ; but<br /> on this occasion only, Mr. Burnley forgot to sign<br /> his name. “Since,” he said, “ you are so im-<br /> patient and unreasonable, I have no alternative<br /> but to retura you your MS. It is against all<br /> custom to pay for articles before they are used,<br /> as you must know. You have allowed no time<br /> for the reading or consideration of the articles ;<br /> all you have done is simply to deliver them and<br /> demand payment—a most unusual course, and one<br /> which the proprietors resent. I shall defend any<br /> action you may think proper to bring.”<br /> <br /> g. I acknowledged the return of the articles,<br /> explaining that I did so without prejudice. Iam<br /> not at present satisfied that an action against<br /> Mr. Burnley would greatly benefit my position ;<br /> but Iam persuaded that it is desirable that the<br /> facts, as set forth above, should be known to<br /> authors and to “ the proprietors.” W. 1. C.<br /> <br /> <br /> 442<br /> <br /> IV.—An Apvertising Firm.<br /> <br /> 1. My attention is directed by an innocent<br /> young neighbour, who desires to add to her<br /> income by her pen, to an attractive notice to<br /> authors in a newspaper, to the effect that a firm<br /> of publishers want MSS. of sorts, and my advice<br /> asked. TUreply “ Wait a little.”<br /> <br /> 2. I select a MS. story of my own for which I<br /> have no immediate use, and send it to the said<br /> firm. Itis a story of about 18,000 words, and<br /> might, by the exhibition of lead in copious<br /> doses, be unhealthily distended to a volume of<br /> about seven sheets of pica, I should think.<br /> <br /> 3. “ After compliments,” the firm propose that<br /> Ishould pay them £46, and that they should pro-<br /> duce the workin attractive paper covers at Is.,in<br /> a first edition of 2000; assure me that I should<br /> have two-thirds of the proceeds of sales; add<br /> that advertising, reviewing, and the other techni-<br /> calities of publishing should have their especial<br /> care, and are mine faithfully.<br /> <br /> 4. I acknowledge compliments, and _ present<br /> these gentlemen with mine, adding the following<br /> brief calculation: Suppose the whole edition<br /> of 2000 (less fifty for the “technicality” of<br /> reviewing) to be sold out at the price of 64d.,<br /> not taking thirteen as twelve, or other reduc-<br /> tions into consideration; and suppose me_ to<br /> take my two-thirds, I should issue trium-<br /> phantly forth £10 15s. 10d. to the bad. There-<br /> fore I decline.<br /> <br /> I further say that during the whole time I have<br /> been writing anything which has been published,<br /> I have had books brought out at various houses,<br /> but never been asked before to pay sixpence ; that,<br /> on the contrary, I have usually been paid.<br /> <br /> Finally I propose a very small royalty or sale<br /> outright at a price named.<br /> <br /> 5. I receive a much briefer letter, with less<br /> compliments, inviting me to pay £36 and receive<br /> half the proceeds of an edition of 3000.<br /> <br /> 6. I treat the house to a fresh calculation,<br /> based on their improved proposal, and proceed-<br /> -ing on the same assumptions as the last, of which<br /> the result is that under the most favourable<br /> circumstances possible I shall receive about £3,<br /> and they will receive about £75, less cost of<br /> production of a paper-covered book of about<br /> seven sheets of pica. I then repeat my previous<br /> very moderate proposal.<br /> <br /> 7. These worthy publishers send back my MS.<br /> <br /> 8. I present the whole ‘“ object lesson”’ to my<br /> innocent young neighbour, and to all authors to<br /> whom it may be of use. A. B.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> V.—THE EXPERIENCE OF A FAILURE.<br /> <br /> I was still in my teens when I first sent a<br /> paper to a children’s magazine, and I got £3 for<br /> it. I next sent a children’s story to a publisher,<br /> and received an offer of £5 for the copyright,<br /> which I accepted, but stipulated for another £5<br /> if the work went into a second edition. This<br /> was some years ago, and the book is still selling.<br /> A year afterwards the same publisher offered me<br /> £10 for my second book. Irefused, and took the<br /> book elsewhere. After some difference about the<br /> title, I accepted £36 for the copyright, nothing<br /> being said about future editions. Then a fire<br /> occurred at this office, and my MS. was burnt. I<br /> re-wrote it, half from rough copy, and half from<br /> memory. After this I sold another story to the<br /> same publisher for £30; it was put into type, but<br /> kept unpublished for eight years. During these<br /> eight years L wrote a story for girls and two novels.<br /> Of the latter, one was refused by fourteen pub-<br /> lishers, The other I sent to yet another publisher<br /> —he gave ine £50 for the copyright, and the<br /> book appeared in 3 vols., receiving long notices<br /> both in the Saturday Review and the Spectator.<br /> I also received, in addition, £10 which had been<br /> sent from America. That was the high-water<br /> mark of my literary career. JI then wrote a<br /> children’s story, which was offered to a society<br /> for £20. They sent me £16, and I had to write<br /> and demand the other four. I next wrote a story<br /> of Eastern life, and sent it to the same society,<br /> with the same instructions. They put the book<br /> in type, and then sent it me back, with the excuse<br /> that they had expected another children’s story.<br /> About this time I became a member of the<br /> “ Society of Authors.” I now brought out<br /> through a magazine my previously despised<br /> novel. Isold the serial rights for £20, and at<br /> the end of the year I accepted £25 for the copy-<br /> right. It was published at once in book form.<br /> Iwas then advised to try short stories for the<br /> magazines. I got one accepted, and was well paid.<br /> I sent a second—it was returned because the maga-<br /> zine had stopped. I sent the story to another new<br /> magazine, and was offered £2. I objected, and<br /> the story was returned with an increase in the<br /> offer to £10. I accepted it. This is about two<br /> years ago, and since then my record has been one<br /> of unbroken failure. As I honestly believe that<br /> my last two years’ work is not inferior, I do not<br /> know where the fault lies. FLevr-pE-Lys.<br /> <br /> A Se<br /> <br /> VI.—Printine ABROAD.<br /> <br /> In “Notes and News” last month it is stated<br /> that “more than any other class, writers should<br /> be interested in helping all those who work to<br /> obtain fair wages, because the circulation of their<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> THE<br /> <br /> work depends on the general prosperity, not the<br /> enrichment of a few;’’ and, further, that “ we<br /> must remember that sending work out of the<br /> country means so much lowering of the general<br /> prosperity.”<br /> <br /> The general prosperity is best obtained by<br /> having things at the lowest possible cost, putting<br /> them within the reach of the greatest number,<br /> and that can be done only by making the cost of<br /> production as low as possible, so as to enable the<br /> means of the poorest to buy the greatest number<br /> of things. This is enriching the many.<br /> <br /> Tf, to bring this about, certain work has to be<br /> sent out of the country to be done, the prosperity<br /> of the country is advanced thereby, for then the<br /> article in question is placed within the reach of<br /> a still poorer class than if it had been produced<br /> in the home country at an artificial, because<br /> unnaturally high, rate of wage.<br /> <br /> The workers in the home country who are<br /> thrown out of employment thereby, and thus<br /> become a burden on the community, cause but an<br /> indirect and temporary lowering of the general<br /> prosperity. They, and if not they, their descen-<br /> dants, find other means of livelihood; meantime<br /> the general benefit of the nation is enhanced by<br /> the price of goods being lowered ; the more they<br /> are lowered, the greater the general benefit, for<br /> this lowering usually rouses activity in many<br /> new and hitherto unseen directions.<br /> <br /> Had the interests only of those who were<br /> thrown out of work by an alteration in the means<br /> of production being always considered, no im-<br /> provements would ever have taken place. The<br /> interest of the many would always have been<br /> sacrificed to that of the few, and no gain in<br /> general prosperity could have been made.<br /> <br /> HH. He<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> VII.—A Hanpsooxk ror AUTHORS.<br /> <br /> Tam very glad that somebody has dreamed of<br /> a “ Handbook for Authors.”’ It is all very well to<br /> write or type a MS., but the great question is—<br /> where is the market for it?<br /> <br /> It is true all editors are not alike—some are<br /> exceedingly considerate, and seem to remember<br /> the time when they themselves were contributors.<br /> I desire to mention the editor of the People’s<br /> Friend (Dundee) and the editor of the Young<br /> Man as especially considerate to those who send<br /> them MSS.<br /> <br /> In the new “handbook” let the author tell<br /> exactly what “rate”? each editor is willing to<br /> give for accepted papers; how long each editor<br /> usually keeps MSS.; what each paper or maga-<br /> zine wayts and what it does not want. And,<br /> <br /> above all, let clear notice be made if the payment<br /> is monthly, quarterly, or yearly.. I think most<br /> <br /> AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> 443<br /> <br /> sensible editors will weleome such a handbook<br /> <br /> quite asmuchas «8 Stormy.<br /> <br /> VIIIL—A Recent ExpPerreNce OF THE GENUS<br /> Eprror.<br /> <br /> The editorial chair of a certain periodical,<br /> which your humble servant has for some years<br /> fed with the poor munitions of his literary<br /> armoury, is now filled bya stranger. ‘This gentle-<br /> man, in the usual course of business, was pro-<br /> vided with a specimen of the writer’s poor abilities<br /> in the shape of a printed (not type-written)<br /> original article on a military topic, in which the<br /> genius of the French language lends itself most<br /> admirably to the technique of composition. Now<br /> your correspondent is well aware that any tirade<br /> which bristles with foreign terms and idioms<br /> suggests, ipso facto, a scant acquaintance with<br /> the mother tongue; but this position is hardly<br /> tenable in the case of an essay of some 8000<br /> words or more, which contains but from seven or<br /> eight borrowings from foreign idioms. This, how-<br /> ever, is one of the “rocks of offence,” which, in<br /> the face of the fact that the article is submittec<br /> for prompt use by reason of its being a “ subject<br /> of the hour,’ the editor quotes as a reason for<br /> delay in publishing.<br /> <br /> A further ground of objection is suggested in<br /> the use of participial subordinate sentences, which<br /> as most of your readers will allow, obviates<br /> verbiage in the form of relative clauses, and con-<br /> stitutes a marked feature in most of the Latin<br /> tongues.<br /> <br /> The third objection to the immediate use of an’<br /> article — originally submitted on conditional<br /> terms—is that it is too plain spoken as to certain<br /> acknowledged and existent errors in the military<br /> autonomy. As no single ungraceful or dis-<br /> courteous term is used, one is at a loss to under-<br /> stand why innuendoes are to be substituted for the<br /> open criticism of that abstraction called a<br /> “system.” Meanwhile the “ modifications” pro-<br /> posed are awaited by your correspondent with<br /> some curiosity, not unmixed with disquietude.<br /> <br /> The last, but by no means the least, lapsus<br /> calami (as this candid if captious critic will have<br /> it to be) is the alternative uses of “I” and “we fs<br /> within the limits of the same article. Now, on<br /> this, as on other points, the writer appeals to the<br /> Author for an opinion as to the accepted laws<br /> and regulations on this disputed (?) question. Is<br /> it or is it not the case that many writers of prose<br /> consistently perpetrate this asserted error on the<br /> following grounds? When an assertion is pre-<br /> sumed to carry with it the general assent of the<br /> reading world or public, for which the essay is<br /> written, it is considered permissible to use the<br /> pronoun plural “ we,” whereas whensoever the<br /> <br /> <br /> 444<br /> <br /> writer will hazard his own opinions the more<br /> dogmatic “I” is used to back his theory and<br /> to differentiate between personal opinion and<br /> accepted facts.<br /> <br /> It remains only to add that it is, to say the<br /> least of it, a curious anomaly that in face of so<br /> much adverse criticism the said editor asks for<br /> more in the shape of “copy” from his poor con-<br /> tributor, who now begs some member of your<br /> society to “ break a lance” in his favour, or at<br /> least to guide him into right paths.<br /> <br /> F.C. 0. J.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> IX.—Tue Rieut or APPEARANCE.<br /> <br /> A practice exists which seems to me to call for<br /> the consideration of the Society of Authors as the<br /> protectors of literary property.<br /> <br /> It has been often said that a writer is paid<br /> in two ways, by money and by reputation.<br /> Now, there is a large and increasing number<br /> of periodicals which accept, and in some few<br /> cases even pay for, a very much larger number<br /> of contributions than they can possibly use.<br /> These are generally stored in the offices until<br /> a periodical clearance is made of them. In<br /> some cases they find their way back to the<br /> authors, but as often as not are sent to the<br /> paper mills.<br /> <br /> It seems to me that this is a wrong that calls<br /> for a remedy, and I submit that an opportunity<br /> should be taken to raise and to decide the point<br /> whether the author of a signed contribution is not<br /> entitled to call for publication within a reasonable<br /> limit, or to place his MS. elsewhere. It is an<br /> outrage to argue that a money payment dis-<br /> charges the obligation. x<br /> <br /> specs<br /> <br /> “AT THE SIGN OF THE AUTHOR&#039;S HEAD.”<br /> <br /> Sa<br /> <br /> R. T. F. UTTLEY has written a duodecimo<br /> volume entitled “How to become a<br /> Solicitor; or, Hints to Articled Clerks.”<br /> <br /> In addition to other information, the book has an<br /> appendix of examination questions set duing<br /> 1893.<br /> <br /> In last number of the Author (p. 413) Major<br /> Seton Churchill’s name appeared as Major Seton<br /> Carr, The announcement was of a book on<br /> Betting and Gambling.<br /> <br /> “The Law anl Lawyers of Pickwick,’ being<br /> the (revised) Jecture on the subject recently<br /> delivered by Mr. Frank Lockwood, Q.C., M.P.,<br /> is in preparation, and will shortly be issued by<br /> the Roxburghe Press, 3, Victoria-street, West-<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> minster, and 32, Charing-cross, S.W. Mr.<br /> Lockwood has sketched an original “ Buzfuz”<br /> for the frontispiece.<br /> <br /> Mr. Stephenson, the author of ‘ Mrs. Severn,”<br /> a successful temperance story, has written a<br /> second story, “Helena Hadley,” which is to be<br /> published in the autumn.<br /> <br /> A new edition of Mr. Mackenzie Bell’s mono-<br /> graph on Charles Whitehead, with extracts from<br /> his work, is about to appear. Prefixed to it is an<br /> appreciation of Whitehead by Mr. Hall Caine.<br /> <br /> The Rev. J. J. Halcombe has reprinted from<br /> the Guardian his letter on ‘The Gospel<br /> Problem: Fourfold not Synoptic.”<br /> <br /> “The Dead Hand,” a tale of old Manchester,<br /> by Mrs. G. Linneus Banks, is continued in the<br /> Manchester Monthly.<br /> <br /> A new work by Mr. J. E. Gore, F.R.AS.,<br /> entitled “The Worlds of Space,” a series of<br /> popular articles on astronomical subjects, has<br /> just been published by Messrs. A. D. Innes and<br /> Co., Bedford-street, Strand.<br /> <br /> Miss Eleanor Holmes’s last novel, ‘‘ The Price<br /> of a Pearl,” has been issued in a popular edition<br /> in America by Messrs. Harper, and forms the<br /> March number of what is known as the Franklin-<br /> square Library.<br /> <br /> Mr. Arthur Paterson has written a story called<br /> “The Daughter of the Nez Pere¢s.” It is strictly<br /> founded on fact. The chief incidents are taken<br /> from records by officers in the American army,<br /> who were engaged in active service against the<br /> Nez Percés Indians in 1879. The heroine has<br /> been brought up in the east. She rejoins her<br /> people to reclaim them from barbarism; but at<br /> an unfortunate moment, the nation being at war<br /> with the American Government, The interest<br /> of the story lies in the troubles of the Indians<br /> and the position of the girl among them, with<br /> the addition of her own romance. Attention is<br /> also drawn to the character of her father, Chief<br /> Joseph—well known to all students of Indian<br /> history—and his brother chiefs, who, with all<br /> the faults of their race and training, were made<br /> of stuff any nation might be proud to call its<br /> own. The publishers are Messrs. Bentley and<br /> Sons.<br /> <br /> The latest volume in “ The Independent Novel<br /> Series” is called “Theories: Studies from a<br /> Modern Woman,” by “A.N.T.A.P.” Some<br /> writers split their stories up into books, and the<br /> books into chapters, as, for example, “A Tale of<br /> Two Cities, in three books,” each book having<br /> its chapters numbered afresh. As this would be<br /> unnecessary in. shorter works, the author. of<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> “Theories” splits the work up into studies, with<br /> the titles—(1) “Courtship and Marriage ;” (2)<br /> “ Socialism and Society ;” (3) “The Theories<br /> Falter ;” and (4) ‘In Ruins.”<br /> <br /> Mrs. Leith Adams’s new novel, “ Colour-Serjeant<br /> No. 1 Company,” will be published immediately<br /> by Messrs. Jarrold and Sons. The work has<br /> already appeared in AJl the Year Round. The<br /> Scotsman has described it as ‘‘ 2 masterpiece of<br /> human pathos and clever portraiture.”<br /> <br /> Mr. W. P. James’s “ Romantic Professions ”’ is<br /> a collection of essays republished from magazines.<br /> Besides the first essay, which gives the title to the<br /> work, there are seven others: (2) “‘ The Nemesis<br /> of Sentimentalism,” (3) ‘‘ Romance and Youth,”<br /> (4) “On the Naming of Novels,” (5) ‘‘ Names in<br /> Novels,” (6) “Fhe Historical Novel,” (7) *‘ The<br /> Poet as Historian,” (8) “The Great Work.” The<br /> third paper, “Romance and Youth,” has been<br /> made the subject of wide comment with refer-<br /> ence to the child-marriages brought to light<br /> by Dr. Furnival in his researches into the<br /> marriage register of the time of Queen Eliza-<br /> beth. Readers of fiction will recall that the child<br /> marriage, for political reasons in the time of<br /> James IT., has been used with great success by<br /> John and Katharine Saunders in their novel,<br /> “ The Lion in the Path.”<br /> <br /> “Dave’s Sweetheart,” by Mary Gaunt, is<br /> the author’s first novel, though she has fre-<br /> quently contributed to periodical literature.<br /> The scene of the story is laid in Australia,<br /> not in the cities, but in the country of northern<br /> Victoria, and the chief characters are miners,<br /> police, and the family who kept the “ Lucky<br /> Digger Hotel.’ There are references to the<br /> existence of Chinamen and natives; in fact, a<br /> whole crowd of men, among whom for miles around<br /> there are but two women, the wife of the keeper<br /> of the “ Lucky Digger” and his daughter by a<br /> previous marriage, who is grown up, and is the<br /> heroine of the story. The author is at least at<br /> home in describing the peculiarities of the rough<br /> life of the miners, their relation with the police,<br /> and with one another. We hope that the author<br /> next time will give us something of the brighter<br /> side of life. It is published in 2 vols. by Edward<br /> Arnold.<br /> <br /> Mr. J. BE. Muddock has written a story called<br /> “The Star of Fortune,’ which will shortly be<br /> issued. The scenes are principally laid in India<br /> during the great Mutiny. The author was in<br /> India during the Mutiny years, and had many<br /> exciting experiences, which he has utilised to<br /> advantage in the present work. The publishers<br /> are Messrs. Chapman and Hall. The same<br /> <br /> author’s successful story, “For God and the<br /> <br /> 445<br /> <br /> Czar,” published by George Newnes Linited,<br /> has been translated into Hebrew, and is now<br /> appearing serially in a Jewish paper called<br /> Hazophe which is printed in London by Meczyk,<br /> Latner, and Co.<br /> <br /> Dick Donovan, the well-known writer of detec-<br /> tive stories, commences a new serial in the<br /> Million this month. The title is ‘ Eugéne<br /> Vidocq,” and it deals with the thrilling career of<br /> the celebrated French adventurer who subse-<br /> quently distinguished himself as a detective.<br /> <br /> The Rev. Dr. Lansdell has brought out in two<br /> volumes an account of his journeys in Chinese<br /> Central Asia as a pioneer for missionary work.<br /> Dr. Lansdell was away two years and seven<br /> months, and seems to be well satisfied with the<br /> result of his travels. His work shows that he is<br /> able to point out in what places in Central Asia<br /> Church of England missionaries are wanted, and<br /> where they may hope for real conversions. In<br /> addition to acquiring this knowledge, as he was<br /> visiting countries unknown to science, he made an<br /> extensive collection of the different fauna.<br /> <br /> The author of “ Mark Tillotson” is at present<br /> in Bohemia, where he is travelling with an artist,<br /> Mr. Henry Whateley, in connection with his<br /> forthcoming volume on Bohemia, to be published<br /> in “The Pen and Pencil Series” of the Religious<br /> Tract Society. He has also penetrated to the<br /> mountain prison of “the great forgotten English-<br /> man” at Gutstein, a description of which will<br /> appear in his volume upon that fifteenth century<br /> hero.<br /> <br /> The poem entitled ‘Woman the Messiah,”<br /> now running in the Modern Review, is by Ellis<br /> Ethelmar, the author of ‘“‘ Woman Free.”<br /> <br /> It is pleasant to congratulate Mr. Percy White<br /> on his novel, “ Mr. Bailey-Martin” (Hememann).<br /> The pen of the satirist is here at work, and the<br /> pictures of late nineteenth century snobbism are<br /> as amusing as they are clever.<br /> <br /> Mrs. Alec Tweedie’s book, “A Winter Jaunt to<br /> Norway” (Bliss, Sands, and Foster), which<br /> appeared in February last, is now in a second<br /> edition, It contains personal accounts of Ibsen,<br /> Bjérnson, Nansen, and Brandes. News may be<br /> heard in May or June of Dr. Nansen and his<br /> expedition, if he left letters at the New Siberian<br /> Islands last autumn, as he at one time contem-<br /> plated doing. Mrs. Tweedie’s book is very fully<br /> illustrated, and contairs a portrait of the<br /> authoress.<br /> <br /> The following notes are taken from the Dial of<br /> Chicago:<br /> <br /> The hundredth anniversary of Bryant’s birth-<br /> day will be celebrated Nov. 3, at Great Bar-<br /> <br /> <br /> 446<br /> <br /> rington, Mass., where the poet was married, and<br /> lived for several years.<br /> <br /> The following Southey autograph, recently<br /> sold in London, is contributed to “ Poet-lore”<br /> by Mr. W. G. Kingsland : ;<br /> <br /> Mr. Southey, writer of autographs, in consequence of the<br /> great and unsolicited employment which he has obtained in<br /> that line of business, begs leave to lay before his friends and<br /> the public the following scale of charges :—<br /> <br /> Le ed.<br /> <br /> A Signature... 0-3 4<br /> Ditto in extra penmanship, ‘with date and<br /> <br /> time of place Ke o0 6 8<br /> <br /> Ditto with a motto or text of ‘Scripture a SO 19 aw<br /> Ditto with an extract from the writer’s<br /> <br /> poetry . ei oe ee<br /> <br /> Ditto with the poetry unpublished | I 11 6<br /> <br /> Ditto with the poetry composed for the<br /> <br /> occasion... 3 3.0<br /> Ditto being sentimental, ‘and ‘nob ‘exceeding<br /> <br /> six lines : We ee B50<br /> Ditto being humorous ane Nase aa eee<br /> Ditto being complimentary ... . 1010 0<br /> <br /> N.B.—All warranted original.<br /> <br /> Spec<br /> <br /> OBITUARY.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I—Dr. Poout, THE LIBRARIAN.<br /> <br /> HE Dial, of Chicago, gives an account of the<br /> life and work of the late Dr. Poole, the<br /> librarian, who was a constant contributor<br /> <br /> to that journal. The first number contained a<br /> review from his pen. He was best known in this<br /> country as the compiler of the ‘“ Index of Perio-<br /> dical Literature.” Dr. Poole had been assistant<br /> librarian in Boston from 1850 to 1869, and chief<br /> librarian of the Cincinnati Public Library till<br /> 1893, when he undertook the librarianship of<br /> the Chicago Public Library. Since 1887 he<br /> had been engaged in organising the Newbery<br /> Reference Library of Chicago. Of his aims,<br /> so far as his profession was concerned, the Dial<br /> writes :<br /> <br /> Librarianship, in this country, has during the past twenty<br /> years become one of the learned professions; that it has<br /> become so is due in very great measure to the efforts of Dr.<br /> Poole. To secure for his fellow workers the recognition<br /> accorded to the clergyman, the lawyer, and the physician ;<br /> to substitute the trained bibliographer for the mere custodian<br /> of books; to establish professional schools of librarianship ;<br /> to make the public familiar with the principles of rational<br /> library architecture ; to facilitate access tc collections of<br /> books, and to enlarge their usefulness by library helps<br /> prepared by the co-operation of bibliographers—these were,<br /> briefly stated, the aims towards whose accomplishment he<br /> devoted, for a full half-century, an exceptionally active and<br /> industrious life.<br /> <br /> In which connection it is interesting to note<br /> that he represented America at the first Inter-<br /> national Conference of Librarians, held in London<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> in 1877. Of his methods as a librarian we read<br /> that they<br /> <br /> were characterised by sagacious practicality and clear<br /> common sense. He mistrusted the elaborate scientific<br /> systems now in vogue with our younger bibliographers;<br /> systems which are excellent for the uses of the librarian, but<br /> sadly perplexing to most of the people for whom libraries<br /> are collected. His methods of classification and catalogue<br /> making were to a certain extent empirical, and not a little<br /> is to be said on behalf of empiricism in such matters. He<br /> never lost sight of the fundamental principle that books are<br /> meant to be used ; that their chief end is not attained when<br /> they are catalogued and shelved. He wanted the public to<br /> use the books under his charge, and encouraged such use<br /> in many ways.<br /> <br /> Dr. Poole’s historical work was chiefly con-<br /> nected with the early settlement of the Puritans,<br /> and, being himself one of their descendants, he<br /> stoutly defended his ancestors against the mis-<br /> representations under which they have suffered.<br /> Only last month he had an article in the Dial<br /> in their defence. The following is the account of<br /> “ Poole’s Index to Periodical Literature,” which<br /> is a worthy monument to the memory of the<br /> distinguished man of letters.<br /> <br /> The author began this important work as a student, when<br /> he was acting as librarian of a college society. Its first<br /> edition was printed in 1848, making an octavo of 154 pages.<br /> In 1853 it reappeared in an octavo of more than three<br /> times the thickness of the earlier volume. In 1882 (the<br /> author having meanwhile secured the co-operation of a<br /> number of his fellow librarians) it made its third and final<br /> appearance, again multiplied threefold as to the number of<br /> pages, and much more than that as to the quantity of<br /> matter. Two supplements have since been published, with<br /> the co-operation of Mr. W. I. Fletcher, bringing it down to<br /> 1892.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> IIT.—Mr. Wittiam Torrens M’CuLiace<br /> TORRENS.<br /> <br /> The death occurred yesterday, at his residence<br /> in Bryanston-square, of Mr. Wiliam Torrens<br /> M’Cullagh Torrens, who was the victim of a<br /> street accident on Tuesday last, from the effects<br /> of which he died. Mr. Torrens was the eldest<br /> son of Mr. James M’Cullagh, of Delville, county<br /> Dublin. He was born in October, 1813, and was<br /> educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he<br /> graduated B.A. in 1834 and LL.B. in840. He<br /> became a member of Lincoln’s-inn, and practised<br /> at the Common Law Bar. He was appointed a<br /> Commissioner of the Poor Law Inquiry in<br /> Ireland in 1835, private secretary to Lord<br /> Taunton (then Mr. Labouchere) in 1846, and<br /> represented Dundalk from 1847 till July, 1852,<br /> when he was an unsuccessful candidate for<br /> Yarmouth, for which he was returned at the<br /> general election in March, 1857. He was returned<br /> for the old borough of Finsbury i in July, 1865,<br /> and sat for the borough in ‘four successive<br /> Parliaments. In 1863 he assumed, for family<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hu<br /> <br /> etd<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> reasons, the name of Torrens, which was<br /> his mother’s name before her marriage. He<br /> was a prominent member of the independent<br /> Liberal party, who secured by their support Mr.<br /> Disraeli’s proposal of household suffrage for<br /> towns, and in committee on the Bill he proposed<br /> and carried the lodger franchise. In the following<br /> year he brought in the Artisans’ Dwellings Bill,<br /> which passed both houses. In 1869 he obtained<br /> the adoption for London of the system of board-<br /> ing out children by Poor Law guardians ; and<br /> in 1870 an Act to amend the laws regarding<br /> extradition was passed in accordance with the<br /> recommendation of a committee for which Mr.<br /> Torrens had moved two years before. The<br /> School Board for London was suggested and<br /> proposed to Parliament by him as an amendment<br /> to Mr. Forster’s Elementary Education Bill, and<br /> he was himself elected a member of the School<br /> Board for Finsbury. When purchase in the army<br /> was abolished, he carried an address to the Crown<br /> against sending soldiers under age to serve in hot<br /> climates. Mr. Torrens was the author of “‘ Lectures<br /> onthe Study of History”; “The Life of R. L.<br /> Shiel”; “The Life and Times of Sir James<br /> Graham”; “The Industrial History of Free<br /> Natives’; “Our Empire in Asia: How We Came<br /> by It”; ‘“ Memoirs of Viscount Melbourne”’ ;<br /> “The Reform of Procedure in Parliament”; and<br /> “The Life of Lord Wellesley.” In 1885 he<br /> brought in and carried an Act limiting the charge<br /> for water rates in London to the amount from<br /> time to time of the public assessment. To him<br /> also is due the enactment removing the principal<br /> prisons from London in order to provide sites<br /> for workmen’s dwellings and public gardens.<br /> The work upon which he had been more or less<br /> engaged for twenty years, and which had engaged<br /> his unremitting attention during the past seven<br /> years, “The History of the Cabinets,” is just<br /> through the press, and will be issued next month.<br /> Mr. Torrens was in good health at the time of<br /> the accident which caused his death, and only<br /> last Saturday he appeared in public at the annual<br /> dinner of the London Association of Correctors<br /> of the Press, one of whose members had been his<br /> right hand in literary work for some years past.<br /> Owing to his defective sight he had previously<br /> been the victim of two similar accidents. Three<br /> years ago he was knocked down by a cab in<br /> Piccadilly, and was for some time in a dangerous<br /> condition.— Times, April 27.<br /> <br /> es<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 447<br /> <br /> NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS.<br /> Theology.<br /> <br /> Arnoup’s Braue Reapers. By M. T. Yates. Book I.<br /> Simple Bible Stories. Book I. Old Testament Stories.<br /> Book III. New Testament Stories. Edward Arnold.<br /> rod. each.<br /> <br /> Hartn, Ricwarp. Lay Religion, being some Outspoken<br /> Letters to a Lady on the Present Religious Situation,<br /> E. W. Allen. 2s. 6d.<br /> <br /> Herrorp, Rey. Brooks, D.D. Courage and Cheer.<br /> Sermons. Philip Green. 5s.<br /> <br /> Hicks, Epwarp. The Eucharist. From a Layman’s Point<br /> of View. Is.<br /> <br /> Hunter, Rev. Ropert. The Sunday School Teacher’s<br /> Bible Manual. With illustrations and coloured maps.<br /> Cassell and Co. Limited. 7s. 6d.<br /> <br /> Jonzs, Rev. J.M. 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