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440	https://historysoa.com/items/show/440	The Author, Vol. 03 Issue 02 (July 1892)	<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%3Cem%3EThe+Author%3C%2Fem%3E%2C+Vol.+03+Issue+02+%28July+1892%29"><em>The Author</em>, Vol. 03 Issue 02 (July 1892)</a>											<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Publication">Publication</a>	1892-07-01-The-Author-3-2					41–80																		<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=89&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=3">3</a>											<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=76&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1892-07-01">1892-07-01</a>							2			18920701	The Muthor.<br /> <br /> (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.)<br /> <br /> GoMDUCTED BY WALTER SESANT.<br /> <br /> <br /> Vou. III.—No. 2.] JULY 1; F802. [Prick SIXPENCE.<br /> CONTENTS.<br /> <br /> PAGE PAGE<br /> Warnings ae a See es as mie ae oe .. 43 Feuilleton—Autobiography of an Article one ee ae sea DB<br /> How to Use the Society... ies ace ies wee oe oe ee Notes from Paris. By Robert H. Sherard ... ss oer Sa OD<br /> The Authors’ Syndicate... eae ae ae — ee .. 44 Sonnet. By Zitella Tomkins a os wee eS, ave ee OR<br /> Notices... eae ee noe cae ore Sen eee cee ap ae Women in Journalism oe see aes ae g&#039;s ee ser (02<br /> Literary Property— Authors by Profession. By W. Minto ... te ee as a. 64<br /> <br /> L.—A Publisher in Bankruptcy ee tae ves es ioe 468 Correspondence—<br /> <br /> Il.—Newspaper Copyright ... sr aS ee aoe meee I.—Useful Books =. aoe coe cos eae oe maa 6D<br /> I1I.—Newspaper Copyright and the Contributor ... Pe eee IL—The ‘&#039; Higher Literature” coe ioe ies kos S00<br /> IV.—Serial Rights... ave ee pes ae es pe eo ae T1I.—Another Side oy ee Boe eae bee ie 00<br /> <br /> The Annual Dinner— IV.—Bodenstedt des Cas va tes ioe en cee te<br /> L—The Report ... ae Bs a ies — a =e) 00 V.—Press Copies ae eee eas nae bee oe wos’ OF<br /> e IL—The Times on the Society ... oe = a oes ae OL VIL—Editor or Proprietor... eee oe he aoe Eps<br /> Publisher’s Expenses cee ay es oe aes aes os 62 VIL—An Obliging Publisher ... a nas es 5 ens ee<br /> Press Copies .. cea mas oe ae ae ms Be cin OD VII1.—Literature and Independence ... cag a oes son 68<br /> The American Societies... ae ee Yes e waa sox Oe ‘* At the Author’s Head” ... oe = ee es ais aoe OF<br /> Our Enemies ... 5 ee 55 ee tes oe ee san Oe New Books and New Editions... a see aaa a hes Ok<br /> Notes and News. By the Editor... ae te aoe ave Sen 8<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. The Annual Report. That for January 1892 can be had on application to the Secretary.<br /> <br /> 9. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance of Literary<br /> Property. Issued to all Members.<br /> <br /> &amp; 8. The Grievances of Authors. (The Leadenhall Press.) 2s. The Report of three Meetings on<br /> 5 the general subject of Literature and its defence, held at Willis’s Rooms, March, 1887.<br /> <br /> 4. Literature and the Pension List. By W. Morris Coxuus, Barrister-at-Law. (Henry Glaisher,<br /> 95, Strand, W.C.) 33s.<br /> <br /> 5. The History of the Societe des Gens de Lettres. By S. Squire Spricen, Secretary to the<br /> Society. Is.<br /> 6. The Cost of Production. In this work specimens are given of the most important forms of type,<br /> <br /> size of page, &amp;c., with estimates showing what it costs to produce the more common kinds of<br /> books. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 2s. 6d.<br /> <br /> 7. The Various Methods of Publication. By S. Squire Spricer. In this work, compiled from the<br /> papers in the Society’s offices, the various kinds of agreements proposed by Publishers to<br /> Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the various<br /> kinds of fraud which have been made possible by the different clauses in their agreements<br /> Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 3s.<br /> <br /> a. 8. Copyright Law Reform, An Exposition of Lord Monkswell’s Copyright Bill now before Parlia-<br /> ment. With Extracts from the Report of the Commission of 1878, and an Appendix<br /> containing the Berne Convention and the American Copyright Bill. By J. M. Luny. Eyre<br /> and Spottiswoode. 1s. 6d.<br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> 4<br /> <br /> |<br /> |<br /> i &#039;<br /> |<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 42 ADVERTISEMENTS.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE<br /> <br /> LINOTYPE COMPOSING JIAGHINE.<br /> <br /> SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BOOKWORK.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Extract from the “ Printers’ Register,’ Dec. 7, 1891:<br /> <br /> “The result of the contest between four American composing machines—the Linotype,<br /> the Rogers’, the MacMillan, and the St. John Typo-bar systems—inaugurated by the American<br /> Newspaper’ Publishers’ Association, Chicago, has been announced. The Linotype showed the<br /> best results, composing on the first day of eight hours 47,900 ems, and nearly 49,000 ems on<br /> the second day. The matter chosen consisted partly of sporting, market reports, and cable news,<br /> which had to be read and corrected.”<br /> <br /> THE ABOVE SHOWS THAT 49,000 AMERICAN EMS, EQUAL TO 98,000 ENGLISH ENS,<br /> WERE SET IN EIGHT HOURS—GIVING<br /> <br /> AN AVERAGE OF 12,250 ENS AN HOUR, CORRECTED MATTER.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> AUTHORS’ CORRECTIONS<br /> <br /> Can be made on the Linotype Machine in about a quarter of the time occupied by hand-setting.<br /> To demonstrate this experiments were conducted by the well-known publisher, Mr. H. Rand. Into<br /> 9200 ens of matter from the daily press a large variety of errors were purposely introduced both<br /> in Linotypes and ordinary type. The Linotype matter was corrected in twenty-seven minutes,<br /> while the type matter occupied an hour and a half.<br /> <br /> THE ECONOMIC PRINTING &amp; PUBLISHING CO. LIMITED,<br /> <br /> 39, BOUVERIE STREET, FLEET STREET, E.C.,<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Having acquired the monopoly of Linotype Machines in London (excepting Newspaper Offices), are<br /> in a position to quote decidedly advantageous Prices to Authors for the Composition of Books by<br /> Linotype, and also undertake the Printing, being well equipped with Printing Machinery by the<br /> best makers.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> y<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> Che Huthor.<br /> <br /> (The Organ of the Incorzorated Society of Authors.<br /> <br /> Monthly.)<br /> <br /> CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Vou. III.—No. 2.]<br /> <br /> JULY 1, 1892:<br /> <br /> [PRIcE SIXPENCE.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> for the Opinions expressed in papers that are<br /> signed or initialled the Authors alone are<br /> responsvble.<br /> <br /> WARNINGS.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Reapers of the Author are earnestly desired to<br /> make the following warnings as widely known as<br /> possible. They are based on the experience of<br /> seven years’ work upon the dangers to which literary<br /> property is exposed :—<br /> <br /> } (1.) NEvER sign any agreement of which the<br /> alleged cost of production forms an<br /> integral part, until you have proved the<br /> figures.<br /> <br /> (z.) Never enter into any correspondence with<br /> publishers, especially with those who<br /> advertise for MSS., who are not recom-<br /> mended by experienced friends or by this<br /> Society.<br /> <br /> (3.) Never, on any account whatever, bind<br /> yourself down for future work to any-<br /> one,<br /> <br /> (4.) Never accept any proposal of royalty<br /> until you have ascertained what the<br /> agreement proposes to give to the<br /> author and what to the publisher.<br /> <br /> 4) (5.) Never accept any pecuniary risk or respon-<br /> sibility whatever without advice.<br /> <br /> (6.) Nuver, when a MS. hes been refused by<br /> respectable houses, pay others, whatever<br /> promises they may put forward, for the<br /> production of the work.<br /> <br /> (7.) Never sign away American rights. Keep<br /> them. Refuse to sign any agreement<br /> VOL. III.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> containing a clause which reserves them<br /> for the publisher. If the publisher<br /> insists, take away the MS. and offer it<br /> to another.<br /> <br /> (8.) Never sign an agreement or a receipt<br /> which gives away copyright without<br /> advice.<br /> <br /> (9.) Keep control over the advertisements by<br /> clause in the agreement. Reserve a veto.<br /> If you are yourself ignorant of the sub-<br /> ject, make the Society your agent.<br /> <br /> (1o.) Never forget that publishing is a busi-<br /> ness, like any other business, totally un-<br /> connected with philanthropy, charity, or<br /> pure love of literature. You have to do<br /> with business men.<br /> <br /> Society’s Offices :—<br /> 4, Portueat Street, Lincoun’s Inn FIELps.<br /> <br /> HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. Send to the office copies of past agreements<br /> and past accounts with the loan of the books repre-<br /> sented. This is in order to ascertain what has<br /> been the nature of your agreements and the<br /> results to author and publisher respectively so<br /> far. The secretary will always be glad to have<br /> any agreements for inspection and note. The<br /> information thus obtainable is invaluable.<br /> <br /> 2. If the examination of your previous business<br /> transactions by the Secretary proves unfavour-<br /> able, you should take advice as toa change of<br /> publishers.<br /> <br /> 3. Before signing any agreement whatever,<br /> send the proposed form to the Society for<br /> examination.<br /> <br /> D2<br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 44<br /> <br /> ~<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 4. The Society is acquainted with the methods,<br /> and—in the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks,<br /> of every publishing firm in the country.<br /> Remember that there are certain houses which live<br /> entirely by trickery.<br /> <br /> 5. The outward and visible signs of the<br /> fraudulent publisher are—(1) a virtuous and<br /> benevolent wish to have the unquestioned conduct<br /> of your business left entirely in his hands; (2) a<br /> virtuous, good man’s pain at being told that his<br /> accounts must be audited; (3) a virtuous indig-<br /> nation at being asked what his proposal gives<br /> him compared with what it gives the author;<br /> and (4) irrepressible irritation at any mention of<br /> the Society of Authors.<br /> <br /> 6. Remember always that in belonging to the<br /> Society you are fighting the battles of other<br /> writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to<br /> yourself, and that you are advancing the best<br /> interests of literature in promoting the inde-<br /> pendence of the writer.<br /> <br /> 7. Send to the Editor of the Author notes of<br /> everything important to literature that you may<br /> hear or meet with.<br /> <br /> THE AUTHORS’ SYNDICATE.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> R. Colles desires to inform readers of the<br /> Author—<br /> <br /> 1. That the Authors’ Syndicate is now m a<br /> position to take charge in whole or in part<br /> of the business of members of the Society.<br /> With, when necessary, the assistance of<br /> the advisers of the Society it will conclude<br /> agreements, collect. royalties, examine and<br /> pass accounts, and, generally, relieve mem-<br /> bers of the trouble of managing business<br /> details. All accounts opened between<br /> the Syndicate and members are duly<br /> audited.<br /> <br /> 2. That the establishment expenses of the<br /> Authors’ Syndicate are defrayed entirely<br /> out of the commission charged on rights<br /> placed through its intervention. This<br /> varies, and must vary, according to the<br /> nature of the services rendered, but it is<br /> intended to reduce the rates to the lowest<br /> possible amount compatible with effi-<br /> ciency. Meanwhile members will please<br /> accept this intimation that they are not<br /> ‘entitled to the services of the Syndicate<br /> gratis.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> 3. That he undertakes to work for none but<br /> members of the Society.<br /> <br /> 4. That his business is not to advise members<br /> of the Society, but to manage their affairs<br /> for them if they please to entrust them<br /> to him.<br /> <br /> 5. That when he has any work in hand he<br /> must have it entirely in his own hands;<br /> in other words, that authors must not<br /> ask him to place certain work, and then<br /> go about endeavouring to place it by<br /> themselves.<br /> <br /> 6. That when a MSS. has been sent from pub-<br /> lisher to publisher, and from editor to<br /> editor, in vain, it is most likely impossible<br /> to place it.<br /> <br /> 7. That in the face of the present competition,<br /> authors will do well to moderate their<br /> expectations.<br /> <br /> To this it may be added, that where advice is<br /> sought, the Secretary of the Society, and not the<br /> Syndicate, must be consulted. On his behalf ©<br /> members are requested—<br /> <br /> 1. To place on paper briefly the points on which<br /> advice is asked.<br /> <br /> 2. To send up all the letters and papers con-<br /> nected with the case, if it is a case of<br /> <br /> dispute.<br /> 3. Not to conceal or keep back any of the<br /> facts.<br /> pect<br /> NOTICES.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> HE Editor of the Author begs to remind<br /> members of the society that, although the<br /> paper is sent to them free of charge, the<br /> <br /> cost of producing it would be a very heavy —<br /> charge on the resources of the society if a great<br /> many members did not forward to the secretary —<br /> the modest 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. He<br /> finds that, while the interest in the paper increases,<br /> and while it is acknowledged to be doing good<br /> service by its exposures and investigations, —<br /> there has been some tendency this year to forget<br /> the subscription. Perhaps this reminder may be |<br /> of use. With 800 members, besides the outside<br /> circulation of the paper, the Author ought to<br /> <br /> prove a source of revenue to the society. :<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> “Io<br /> jem pelos<br /> <br /> i te oe<br /> <br /> {Co Fao<br /> <br /> a= Jee<br /> <br /> i<br /> <br /> nf<br /> <br /> 7<br /> a<br /> i<br /> re<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> The Editor would also be very glad to receive<br /> papers and communications on all subjects con-<br /> ne ‘ted with literature from members and others.<br /> Nothing can do more good to the society than<br /> to make the Author complete, attractive, and<br /> interesting. Will those who are willing to aid<br /> in this work send their names and the special<br /> subjects on which they are willing to write ?<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> All persons engaged in literary work of any<br /> kind, whether members of this Society or not,<br /> are invited to communicate to the Editor any<br /> points connected with their work which it would<br /> be advisable in the general interest to publish.<br /> <br /> SS =<br /> <br /> Members and others who wish their MSS. read<br /> are requested not to send them to the Office with-<br /> out previously communicating with the Secretary.<br /> The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and<br /> MSS. are read in the order in which they are<br /> received. It must also be distinctly understood<br /> that the Society does not, under any circum-<br /> stances, undertake the publication of MSS.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The Authors’ Club is now opened in temporary<br /> premises, at 17, St. James’s Place, St. James’s<br /> Street. Address the Secretary for information,<br /> rules of admission, &amp;c.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Will members take the trouble to ascertain<br /> whether they have paid their subscriptions for<br /> the year? If they will do this, and remit the<br /> amount or a banker’s order, it will greatly assist<br /> the Secretary, and save him the trouble of<br /> sending out a reminder.<br /> <br /> —o<br /> <br /> Members are most earnestly entreated to attend<br /> to the warning numbered (3). It is a most foolish<br /> and a most disastrous thing to bind yourself to<br /> anyone for a term of years. Let them ask them-<br /> selves if they would give a solicitor the collection<br /> of their rents for five years to come, whatever<br /> his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest ?<br /> Of course they would not. Why then hesitate<br /> for a moment when they are asked to sign<br /> themselves into literary bondage for three or five<br /> years ?P<br /> <br /> oS<br /> <br /> How, we are asked almost every day, is the<br /> young writer to make a beginning? He should<br /> first get an opinion from one of the Society’s<br /> readers as to the merits and chances of his book.<br /> <br /> 45<br /> <br /> It may be that certain points would be suggested<br /> foralteration. It may be that he will find himself<br /> recommended to put his MS. in the fire He<br /> should then, if encouraged, offer his MS. toa list<br /> of houses or of magazines recommended by the<br /> Society There is nothing else to be done. No<br /> one, we repeat, can possibly help him. If those<br /> houses all refuse him, it is not the least use trying<br /> others, and, if he is a wise man, he will refuse to<br /> pay for the production of his own work. If, how-<br /> ever, as too often happens, he is not a wise man,<br /> but believes that be has written a great thing, and<br /> is prepared to back his opinion to the extent of<br /> paying for his book, then Jet him place his work<br /> in the hands of the Society, and it shall be<br /> arranged for him without greater loss than the<br /> actual cost of production. At least he will not be<br /> deluded by false hopes and promises which can<br /> end in nothing.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Several correspondents have asked whether Mr.<br /> P, F. Collier, who has already been mentioned in<br /> connection with an advertisement offering to give<br /> English authors an immense circulation, is a<br /> person to be trusted. There scems little doubt<br /> that he can do what he promises, which is to run<br /> a novel through his journal. What more he will<br /> or can do is quite uncertain We therefore repeat<br /> the warning given in our last number. Let<br /> authors be careful to secure the usual business<br /> arrangement in an agreement before sending their<br /> work across the Atlantic, either to Mr. Collier or<br /> to any other.<br /> <br /> SS<br /> <br /> The committee of the Lowell Memorial is now<br /> formed. The form of the Memorial has been<br /> decided upon, and the committee are now pre-<br /> pared to receive donations. Need we in these<br /> pages do more than chronicle the fact ? Lowell<br /> was so staunch a friend of the Society that every<br /> member ought to forward something towards<br /> this admirable and worthy object. Mr. Herbert<br /> Thring, secretary of the Society, is also hon. sec.<br /> to the Lowell memorial. Letters can be addressed<br /> to him. Among the men and women of letters<br /> on the committee are, in alphabetical order, Mrs.<br /> Lynn Linton, Mrs. Richmond Ritchie, Miss Anne<br /> Swanwick, Walter Besant, Augustus Birrell,<br /> R. D. Blackmore, James Bryce, Austin Dobson,<br /> Canon Doyle, Archdeacon Farrar, Edmund Gosse,<br /> Rider Haggard, R. H. Hutton, Professor Huxley,<br /> Dean Kitchen, Andrew Lang, W. E. H. Lecky,<br /> Sidney Lee, Sidney Low, Justin M ‘Carthy,<br /> Norman M‘Coll, James Martineau, George Mere-<br /> dith, Sir F. Pollock, and Theodore Watts.<br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 46 THE<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The Globe (June 11, 1892) called attention toa<br /> very remarkable offer of the International Peace<br /> and Arbitration Association. This society had<br /> offered a prize of £50 for the best essay on peace,<br /> with the condition that all the essays offered should<br /> become their property. Who would believe that<br /> the ignorance as to hterary property was so deep<br /> and so extensive ? Here are a body of, apparently,<br /> honourable men banded together for an honour-<br /> able object. Yet they propose calmly to “ annex”’<br /> an unknown quantity of literary property.<br /> Suppose that only ten of the essays sent in were<br /> worth as much as £10 each as their marketable<br /> value. This society actually proposed to keep<br /> this £100 in return for nothing! Would these<br /> gentlemen make the same offer with regard to<br /> desks say, or pictures, or cabinets, or statues ?<br /> Certainly not. But they did not understand that<br /> they were dealing with literary property, or that<br /> there was any such thing as literary property.<br /> Since this was written the society has rescinded<br /> their original resolution. They will return the<br /> unsuccessful essays. As an illustration of pre-<br /> vailing ignorance as to literary property, the<br /> above may remain.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The Globe also did good service in the same<br /> number by making a rough classification of the<br /> books of the month. There are 240 new books.<br /> Of these 73 are works of fiction, mostly little<br /> story books. One out of every four books is<br /> meant for a student. That means that the<br /> literature of education is 25 per cent. of our whole<br /> literature, a fact useful to remember.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> To quote again from the Globe, mention is<br /> made of the way in which Richard Jefferies<br /> scattered his books among different publishers.<br /> The reason was that the returns from the sale of<br /> his books seemed to him so much out of propor-<br /> tion to the laudatory reviews that he thought<br /> himself ill-treated, and so changed his publishers.<br /> It is a great trouble therefore to get a com-<br /> plete list of his books. In the good time to<br /> come, when the relation of author to publisher<br /> shall have been equitably arranged, this trouble<br /> will not exist. Meantime, there are other sinners<br /> besides Jefferies. It is most difficult to get all<br /> the scattered works of Andrew Lang. Louis<br /> Stevenson’s books are here and there. So are<br /> Rudyard Kipling’s, so are Rider Haggard’s, so<br /> are Thomas Hardy’s, so are William Black’s.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The dispersion of the Althorp Library is a<br /> national loss. The books will mostly go to<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> America. The sale is said to have been necessitated<br /> by the agricultural depression. No one seems<br /> ever to have sat down and calmly estimated what<br /> this depression means, and what it is doing to<br /> this country. It affects ourselves especially in<br /> increasing enormously the number and the com-<br /> petition of those who are trying to write. The<br /> professional incomes at home—tfrom glebe lands,<br /> from pew rents, in the law, in medicine, in teaching<br /> —have shrunk so terribly that the girls of the<br /> family are growing distracted with the desire, and<br /> the necessity, to earn money somehow——anyhow.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The M‘Kinley Tariff is giving trouble as to the<br /> importation of books. They must be old books:<br /> their binding, also, must be old—at least twenty<br /> years old. Now, the binding is very often com-<br /> paratively new. What is to be done? Perhaps<br /> the simplest plan would be to declare boldly the.<br /> binding as well as the book to be more than<br /> twenty years old.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The Literary Ladies’ Dinner was held on<br /> June 8, at the Criterion, Mrs. Graham Tomson<br /> was the president of the evening, and among<br /> those present were Lady Lindsay, Lady Violet<br /> Greville, Mrs. John Forsey, Mrs. Pennell, Miss<br /> Clementina Black, Miss Dora ‘Tulloch, Miss<br /> Hawke, Miss Beatrice Whitby, Mrs. Bennett<br /> Edwards. A dinner where the guests are all<br /> ladies seems to the undisciplined mind an insipid<br /> thing; but then undisciplined minds are not<br /> invited. If the ladies themselves did find it<br /> insipid they would not repeat it. There is a<br /> picture of the banquet in the Queen, showing<br /> champagne glasses in the usual position. The<br /> ladies, therefore, refreshed themselves in the<br /> customary manner. Miss Clementina Black is<br /> reported to have tendered a piece of advice so<br /> excellent that it must be repeated. It was, never<br /> to undersell men—or each other.<br /> <br /> ee<br /> <br /> ON LITERARY PROPERTY.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I.<br /> A PusiisHER IN BANKRUPTCY.<br /> <br /> \ N 7E UNDERSTAND that many cases have<br /> recently arisen in which an author,<br /> having sold or otherwise parted. with<br /> <br /> his copyright to a publisher, has lost heavily by<br /> <br /> that publisher’s bankruptcy. Especially has this<br /> happened in cases where the sale has been wholly<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> IA AUTHOR,<br /> <br /> ‘© or partly on credit, and the bankruptcy finds the<br /> *» author in the position of unpaid creditor, with a<br /> «new debtor in the shape of a trustee in bank-<br /> ruptcy in the place of his publisher to look to for<br /> ¢ payment. The trustee in bankruptcy, or the<br /> | liquidator of a company, whose legal position is<br /> practically the same as that of a trustee in bank-<br /> ruptcy, claims to keep the copyright and make<br /> money out of it either by carrying on the pub-<br /> / lisher’s business, or selling it, but to substitute<br /> 1} the mere right to a dividend out of the bank-<br /> rupt’s estate for the right to payment in full.<br /> This is so hard upon the author, that at first we<br /> » could hardly think that the claim of the trustee<br /> ( in bankruptcy could be sustained in law. But on<br /> *) talking the matter over with more lawyers than<br /> f<br /> )<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> one, we have practically satisfied ourselves that<br /> <br /> the claim of the trustee in bankruptcy is in most<br /> <br /> cases good.<br /> It becomes, therefore, of consequence to con-<br /> <br /> » sider what is the best course for an author to<br /> | pursue. It is an awkward thing to suggest to<br /> <br /> i) the publisher, with whom ea hypothesi the author<br /> i is, and wishes to continue, on friendly relations,<br /> ) that he may one day become bankrupt, but as a<br /> | matter of business we think that in all publishing<br /> » agreements, where the author gives credit, it would<br /> | be well for him to stipulate that in case of the<br /> <br /> publisher&#039;s bankruptcy the copyright should<br /> &#039; revert to the author until the whole purchase<br /> <br /> “ money has been paid. The form of such a<br /> <br /> %@ stipulation may not be very easy to settle, but we<br /> ©) think that it would hold good if properly shaped,<br /> <br /> 4 it being a general rule attaching to the ownership<br /> <br /> | 19 of property, that the owner “ may, upon aliena-<br /> <br /> &#039;) tion, qualify the interest of his alienee by a con-<br /> <br /> &quot;dition defeating it on his bankruptcy, so that it<br /> ‘t will not pass to his trustee on bankruptcy :”’ (see<br /> <br /> &quot;7 Williams on Bankruptcy, 5th edit., at Dp. 172.)<br /> <br /> &#039; There is, however, a very important exception<br /> ©) to the general rule that a bankrupt’s “‘ property ”<br /> 6% passes to his trustee, and that is that contracts<br /> ™ involving the personal skill of the bankrupt do<br /> o% not so pass. “It is not easy to say” (it is<br /> <br /> “© observed in Williams on Bankruptcy, p. 174),<br /> <br /> “what makes the personal skill of the bankrupt<br /> <br /> so of the essence of the contract as to entitle the<br /> <br /> other contracting party to refuse anything else ;”<br /> but an autho.’s contract with a publisher has<br /> been twice held by the courts to involve personal<br /> skill on the part of the publisher as well as of<br /> the author, so as not to be assignable, and the<br /> case of a sale of copyright, not for money down,<br /> but merely for royalties, seems to differ essen-<br /> tially from the case of a sale out and out.<br /> <br /> The whole question of the relations between<br /> an author and the trustees in bankruptcy of his<br /> publisher is as difficult as it is important, and<br /> <br /> is<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 47<br /> <br /> concerns journalists as well as authors. We shall<br /> be glad to receive from our readers, especially<br /> from those who are learned in the law, any sug-<br /> gestions throwing light upon the question with a<br /> view to the amendment of the present practice so<br /> far as may be shown to be desirable.<br /> <br /> So<br /> <br /> II,<br /> ’ NewsparErR Copyricur.<br /> <br /> In connection with the important question of<br /> newspaper copyright, it may be pointed out that<br /> the Royal Commission on Copyright of 1878 re-<br /> ported to the effect that “much doubt appeared<br /> to exist, in consequence of several conflicting<br /> legal decisions, whether there is any copyright in<br /> newspapers,” and suggested that “in any future<br /> legislation the defect might be remedied by de-<br /> fining what parts of a newspaper might be con-<br /> sidered copyright, and by distinguishing between<br /> announcements of facts and communications of a<br /> literary character.” In compliance with the sug-<br /> gestion, it was proposed to provide, by the<br /> Government Bill of 1879 (introduced by the<br /> present Duke of Rutland when Lord John<br /> Manners), that all the clauses of the bill as to<br /> books published in series should apply to a news-<br /> paper, “so far as the newspaper should contain<br /> original compositions of a literary character, but<br /> should not apply to such portion of a newspaper<br /> as should contain news ;”’ and, further, “ that the<br /> publisher of a newspaper should, within one<br /> week after the publication of every number<br /> thereof, deliver a copy of that number to the<br /> trustees of the British Museum, and in default<br /> should be liable to the same fine to which the<br /> publisher of a book is liable on failing to deliver<br /> a copy thereof to those trustees.” Lord Monks-<br /> well’s Bill, which was read a second time in the<br /> House of Lords in the session of 1891, more<br /> elaborately provided that newspaper copyright<br /> should extend only to articles, paragraphs, com-<br /> munications, and other parts which are composi-<br /> tions of a literary character, and not to any<br /> articles, paragraphs, communications, or other<br /> parts which are designed only for the publication<br /> of news, or to advertisements, but added that<br /> “the making of fair and moderate extracts from<br /> a newspaper in which there should be subsisting<br /> copyright, and the publication thereof in any<br /> other newspaper should not be deemed to be<br /> infringement of copying if the source from which<br /> the extracts have been taken is acknowledged.”<br /> Inasmuch as the existing Copyright Act of 1845<br /> does not mention a newspaper by name, and even<br /> the Newspaper Libel and Registration Act, 1881,<br />  <br /> <br /> 48<br /> <br /> which requires registration of the titles of news-<br /> papers and of the names of all their proprietors,<br /> is absolutely silent on the question of copyright,<br /> a short amending bill incorporating, so far as<br /> deemed desirable, the legal effect of the late<br /> decision of Mr. Justice North in Walter v.<br /> Steinkopf appears to be urgently required.— Law<br /> Journal.<br /> <br /> Ss<br /> <br /> TI.<br /> NewspPaPer CopyRIGHT AND THE ConrTRIBUTOR.<br /> <br /> The comments and the controversy on the<br /> subject of newspaper copyright have been carried<br /> on, with one exception, in entire disregard of<br /> the rights of the contributor. In the court<br /> no notice wastaken of him; he was supposed to<br /> have no rights, or to have sold all his rights ; in fact,<br /> he was not considered atall. At last. a letter ia<br /> the Times of June 9 does really hint at such<br /> a thing as the rights of the contributor. What,<br /> in fact, does the contributor to a paper really<br /> sell? If there is no agreement tothe contrary<br /> he sells the exclusive right to publish for one day.<br /> That is all. The proprietor of the paper may<br /> claim to have bought the whole copyright of the<br /> paper, but, without an agreement to that effect, he<br /> would find it difficult to prove that claim. In<br /> most cases the contribution is of ephemeral value<br /> only, but there may arise instances in which great<br /> damage and injustice may be done to the writer<br /> by reproducing his work in other papers. Take,<br /> for instance, a series of articles writen for a<br /> magazine, to be afterwards published in volume<br /> form. Suppose those articles are copied whole-<br /> sale, the readers of the book are, of course, reduced<br /> in proportion. For instance, in the case of Mr.<br /> Rudyard Kipling’s papers, they are, presumably,<br /> to appear ultimately m volume form; the serial<br /> right, also presumably, is purchased by the<br /> Times. Now, the writer in selling that right to<br /> the Times certainly does not sell it to the wide<br /> wide world. It is true that the Tvmes goes over<br /> the whole world, but it is not true that the whole<br /> world reads the Times.<br /> <br /> This aspect of the case becomes more serious<br /> when we consider the present tendency of Jour-<br /> nalism to engage the services of well-known<br /> specialists who sign their names. Papers written<br /> by these men have more than an ephemeral<br /> interest and more than an ephemeral value.<br /> It is no longer the anonymous paper, whose<br /> authorship may perhaps be guessed from in-<br /> ternal evidence; it is a weighed, responsible<br /> opinion by one who has a reputation to support,<br /> that is placed before us. To reproduce this<br /> <br /> paper without permission, and whether with<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> acknowledgment or not, is not only a certain<br /> infringement of copyright which has been ac-<br /> quired by honourable payment, but it is also a<br /> probable injury to the writer of the paper.<br /> <br /> This view of the subject shows that many other<br /> persons besides the proprietor of a paper may be<br /> concerned in safeguarding these rights — the<br /> contributor first, the publisher employed by the<br /> author next, and the persons employed by the<br /> publisher—printer, paper maker, binder. If a<br /> series of articles, written for one paper, is copied<br /> by all the papers of the country, the volume<br /> which they were afterwards to form is simply<br /> destroyed. Instead, therefore, of talk about<br /> “tacit understanding of honourable reciprocity ”<br /> it seems to be the real interest of all papers alike<br /> to guard their own property with the greatest<br /> jealousy. And if this is the result of the recent<br /> controvery a long step will have been made in<br /> that respect for property which lies at the bottom<br /> of all order.”<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> IV.<br /> SreriaL RicHTs.<br /> <br /> One of the unexpected results of the American<br /> Copyright Act is the difficulty with which it<br /> has surrounded the sale of serial rights. If a<br /> story is serialised in England and is not serialised<br /> simultaneously in the States, the American copy-<br /> right is of course seriously jeopardised. It is<br /> not clear that serials that run im England can<br /> be annexed by American pirates at their own<br /> sweet will, but, in order to protect the copy-<br /> right in both countries, the better opinion<br /> appears to be that formal publication in book<br /> form should take place before the serialisation<br /> commences in either country. This is imcon-<br /> venient, but it is certain; and in the midst of so<br /> much uncertainty, that is much. From this it<br /> will be seen that the sale of serial rights, always<br /> difficult, is becoming extremely complicated. It<br /> will not only be necessary in future to make<br /> arrangements a long way ahead—every story-<br /> teller knows that magazines and journals make<br /> their fiction arrangements twelve, twenty-four, or<br /> even thirty-six months in advance, and arrange-<br /> ments for 1895 have already been concluded in<br /> many quarters by many of the foremost writers—<br /> but, added to that, it will be necessary for the<br /> story to be complete and ready for the press six<br /> months before it commences to run as a serial.<br /> In other words, writers who have not completed<br /> their arrangements will have to choose between<br /> a long postponement of book publication on the<br /> one hand or the loss of their serial rights, or, if<br /> not, of their American copyright on the other. It<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> OE<br /> <br /> JOS<br /> SE<br /> <br /> aka<br /> ioe<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE<br /> <br /> is desirable that authors should understand the<br /> difficulties with which serialisation is surrounded :<br /> they would thus save themselves much disap-<br /> pointment. There seems to be a widespread<br /> notion that serials can be arranged for at any<br /> time and with no notice whatever; but it may be<br /> taken for granted that arrangements so con-<br /> cluded must be made on extremely bad terms,<br /> and authors have only themselves to thank if<br /> they do not take the trouble to ascertain the con-<br /> ditions of the market.<br /> <br /> This brings us to the elementary fact which<br /> cannot be insisted upon too strongly, or reiterated<br /> with too much frequency—that serial rights are<br /> the most valuable of all and of course the most<br /> important of all. It is impossible to generalise,<br /> but one successful novelist at least declares that<br /> his serial rights are to his book rightsas5 tol. It<br /> is ridiculous to imagine that editors will put them-<br /> selves out to meet the convenience of writers<br /> when, having regard to the importance of their<br /> Support, they are entitled to have their own<br /> arrangements considered. Authors who wish to<br /> make the most of their serial rights will do well to<br /> fall in with the conditions imposed. To arrange<br /> for book publication first and even to fix this date<br /> and then to expect that the story will be serialised<br /> successfully is ridiculous. It will probably be<br /> worth the writer’s while to postpone book publica-<br /> tion until serial arrangements have been properly<br /> concluded, or it has been conclusively proved<br /> that such arrangements are impracticable. A<br /> word may be said here as to the use of fiction in<br /> newspapers. There is no doubt that newspapers<br /> represent a most important and a growing<br /> market. The capacity of the press of the world is<br /> practically inexhaustible. At the present time<br /> nearly all the best fiction is pre-empted by the<br /> newspaper market, which has lately advanced<br /> with enormous strides in this direction. The<br /> periodicals will certainly have to look to their<br /> laurels if they are going to hold their own against<br /> the big provincial, Colonial, and American week-<br /> lies. Hitherto the newspaper market has been in<br /> the hands of middlemen who, it may be presumed,<br /> have found it not unprofitable, but the attempt<br /> which has been made hy the Authors’ Syndicate,<br /> and not without a promise of success, to bring<br /> authors into direct communication with the news.<br /> paper press, is at least worthy of recognition.<br /> <br /> The greatest misapprehension exists as to the<br /> method whereby a story can be syndicated. The<br /> fact that much inferior fiction runs through the<br /> columns of the provincial press is urged as a<br /> reason for believing that a ready market can here<br /> be found. But this is very far from being the<br /> case. One or two agencies exist which supply<br /> fiction by the yard and at any price you please<br /> <br /> VOL, III.<br /> <br /> AUTHOR. 49<br /> <br /> from 1s. 6d. per column, and it is easy to under-<br /> stand that the quality of the wares they have to<br /> offer is not, to say the least, remarkably high.<br /> There does not at present exist any means of<br /> getting into the columns of journals of this<br /> character except through the instrumentality of<br /> the agencies mentioned. Arrangements with<br /> journals which only buy the best fiction in the<br /> market are an altogether different matter, and<br /> have to be arranged for with as much care as<br /> with the leading periodicals of the day. I£ it be<br /> remembered that for a story to be properly<br /> syndicated, contracts have to be concluded in<br /> America, Australasia, India, Africa, and through-<br /> out Great Britain and Ireland, it will be seen at<br /> once that much time must be occupied in carrying<br /> through negotiations.<br /> <br /> To sum up, therefore, the one thing needful<br /> to bear in mind in serialising stories is to con-<br /> clude arrangements a long time ahead, certainly<br /> twelve months, and better still, twenty-four<br /> months, in advance, or making allowance for the<br /> run of the story certainly two if not three years<br /> before final publication in book form.<br /> <br /> A few words may be added here as to the sale<br /> of serial rights, especially serial rights in short<br /> stories. Some editors who express a not un-<br /> natural predilection for dealing with authors<br /> direct, send out a form of receipt which contains<br /> the words “including copyright,” and this might<br /> of course operate, if not as an assignment, as<br /> evidence of a prior assignment. Authors will<br /> do well to consider, in making any arrangements,<br /> what rights they are really selling. It should be<br /> borne in mind that even the serial rights of a<br /> short story are often valuable, or become valuable.<br /> The use can be sold over and over again in all<br /> parts of the world unless it is limited to the<br /> organ purchasing it in the first instance, In no<br /> case should the copyright be thrown in as a sort<br /> of make-weight. Collections of short stories may<br /> in the near future be more popular than they are<br /> now, and in any case the copyright should on<br /> principle never be parted with except for an<br /> adequate consideration.<br /> <br /> One other matter which it is important to bear<br /> in mind, is, the desirability of a clear under-<br /> standing as to the time when the right of re-<br /> publication in book form or otherwise reverts to<br /> the author. In the absence of this authors may<br /> find valuable matter locked up in the pages of a<br /> magazine for twenty-eight years.<br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE ANNUAL DINNER.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> HE annual dinner of the Society was held in<br /> , the Holborn Restaurant on Tuesday, the<br /> 31st of May. The chair was taken by<br /> Michael Foster, F.R.S., Professor of Physics in<br /> the University of Cambridge, and Fellow of<br /> Trinity College, Cambridge. The number of<br /> those who sat down was 198, as many as the room<br /> would hold. At the last the secretary was<br /> obliged to refuse tickets. The following is a<br /> list:<br /> <br /> Major-General Alexander, C.B.;_ A. W.<br /> a’Beckett ; W. Allmgham, F.R.S.; Rev. Pro-<br /> fessor Bonney, F.R.S.; Walter Besant; Mrs.<br /> Walter Besant; H. C. Burdett; Miss Belloc and<br /> Guest; F. Boyle; Mrs. Brightwen; Mrs. H.<br /> Blackburn ; H. Blackburn; Mackenzie Bell; G.<br /> Theodore Bent ; Dr. Bridges; James Baker ; Mrs<br /> Batty; Aubyn Trevor Battye; Comtesse de<br /> Brémont; Miss Ella Curtis; Oswald Orawfurd,<br /> C.M.G.; Lieut.-Col. Campbell; F. H. Cliffe;<br /> Miss Lily Croft ; Edward Clodd ; Mrs. Clarke ; E.<br /> Clodd, jun.; Egerton Castle ; John B. Crozier ;<br /> Mrs. Cox; Miss Cox; W. Morris Colles; Mrs.<br /> Morris Colles; Thomas Catling; Mrs. Mona<br /> Caird ; Thistleton Dyer, C.B.; G. Darwin, F.R.S. ;<br /> Mrs. Darwin; Austen Dobson; G. Du Maurier ;<br /> the Daily Graphic ; the Daily News; the Daily<br /> Telegraph; the Daily Chronicle; C. F. Dowsett ;<br /> Sir G. Douglas ; John Dennis; A. Conan Doyle;<br /> A. W. Dubourg; Sir John Evans; Rev. Pro-<br /> fessor Harle; Eric Erichsen, F.R.S.; Miss A.<br /> Edwards; Mrs. Edmonds; W. Ellis; A. Esclan-<br /> gon; Mrs. Foster; G. K. Fortescue; Michael<br /> Foster, Jun.; Miss M. Foster; S.M. Fox; Basil<br /> Field; Percy French; Sir A. Geikie, F.R.S. ;<br /> R. Garnett, LL.D.; W. A. Gibbs; Francis<br /> Gribble; Edmund Gosse; Mrs. Gosse; Corney<br /> Grain; W. O. Greener; G. T. Grein; H.<br /> Rider Haggard ; Miss Hector; W. Earl Hodg-<br /> son; A. Egmont Hake; Mrs. Egmont Hake;<br /> Mrs. Harrison ; Mr. Harrison, John Hill; T. C.<br /> Hedderwick ; Miss V. Hunt; Rev. W. Hunt ;<br /> Clive Holland; Henry Harland; J. D. Hutche-<br /> son; Mrs. H. Hutcheson; Professor Huxley,<br /> F.R.S.; Prebendary Harry Jones; T. Heath Joyce;<br /> Mr. H. Jenner; Mrs. Jenner; C. T. C. James;<br /> Jerome K. Jerome; R. B Sheridan Knowles;<br /> H. G. Keene, C.LE.; Veva Karsland and Guest;<br /> Rev. J. A. Kerr; Mrs. E. Kennard and Guest ;<br /> Andrew Lang; Mrs. Lynn Linton; Norman<br /> Lockyer; J. M. Lely; Mrs. Laffan; Stanley<br /> Little; Rev. E. P. Larken; Mrs. Lefroy; Miss<br /> Low; A. H. Lewers; Professor Ray Lankester ;<br /> Miss Loftie; Helen Mathers; S. C. McKinney ;<br /> Mrs. Myall; E. Martin; D. S. Meldrum; Miss<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> H. McKerlie; Rev. C. H. Middleton Wake; the<br /> Morning Post; Charles Mercier; Rev. Prof.<br /> Momerie; Athol Maudslay; R. L. Nettleship:<br /> Mrs. Orpen; Mr. Orpen; J. A. Owen; Sir<br /> William Pole, F.R.S.; G. H. Putnam; Stanley<br /> Lane Poole; Mrs. S. Lane Poole; Arthur Pater-<br /> son; Richard Pryce; Norman Porritt; Mrs.<br /> R. Pennell; R. Pennell ; Pall Mall Gazette ; Mrs.<br /> W. H. Pollock; W. H. Pollock; Miss K. Beatrice<br /> Pownall; A. G. Ross; G. Rolt ; Sir R. Roberts; R.<br /> Ross; Mrs. J. K. Spender; Julian Sturgis ; George<br /> Sumner; Clement Shorter; Miss Stevenson;<br /> J. J. Stevenson; C. J. Smith; Miss C. J. Smith ;<br /> St. James’s Gazette; G. Anderson Smith; J. A.<br /> Steuart; Miss A. Sargent; Sir N. Staples;<br /> Douglas Sladen; the Standard; Dr. Sisley ;<br /> S. 8S. Sprigge; W. Baptiste Scoones; Rev. Pro-<br /> fessor Skeat; Ashby Sterry; G. W. Sheldon;<br /> Frank R. Stockton; G. H. Thring ; Mrs. Thring ;<br /> H. RB. Tedder ; Sir Richard Temple ; W. G. Thorpe ;<br /> the Times ; Mrs. Tweedie ; Alex. Tweedie ; A. W.<br /> Tuer; Dr. J. Todhunter; H. G. T. Taylor; E. M.<br /> Underdown, Q.C.; Rev. C. Voysey; Humphry<br /> Ward; Mrs. Humphry Ward; A. Warren ;<br /> Mrs. Arthur Warren; Mrs. Iltyd Williams;<br /> R. Whiteing; Arthur Waugh; William Watson ;<br /> Oscar Wilde.<br /> <br /> After the usual loyal toasts the chairman pro-<br /> posed “The Society.” In doing so, he said that<br /> the great public mmd which was taught so much<br /> and which learnt so little, seemed to be still a<br /> great deal in the dark about the Society of<br /> Authors. He was often asked, What is the<br /> Society of Authors? He asked the inquirers in<br /> turn if they realised the power of the individual<br /> author ; if they realised that he exercised a power<br /> such as few other individuals possessed. They<br /> might estimate it as they pleased. They might<br /> take the numerical estimate, or consider the value<br /> of his autograph after he was dead. Let them<br /> think of the power of the individual author. If<br /> he were great it was immense; if he were<br /> ordinary it was considerable; if he were weak<br /> it was something, But if they bore in mind the<br /> power of authors as a class, it was nothing<br /> compared with that of every other profession.<br /> That society existed for the purpose of giving<br /> authors as a body the influence and the power<br /> which were their due. The society was not<br /> wrong in making a sound financial basis one of<br /> the first objects of its labours. The present<br /> year had been one of unbroken progress. They<br /> now numbered no fewer than 780 members, and<br /> they had experienced the sincerest form of<br /> flattery—they were beginning to be copied.<br /> There had been established in America an<br /> authors’ society similar to their own. They had<br /> the pleasure of having as their guest that<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE<br /> <br /> evening the distinguished American novelist,<br /> Mr. Stockton, who had been active in promoting<br /> that society. During the past year they had lost<br /> some members, and he could not omit in this<br /> connection to recall the names of Lord Lytton,<br /> whom they all looked upon as a brother, and of<br /> Mr. Lowell, who took part in the earlier meetings<br /> of the society. It was true that men of science<br /> wrote a great deal. The list was numerous,<br /> but he doubted whether they were authors<br /> in the same sense in which one spoke of<br /> novelists, of poets, of historians, and of those<br /> who wrote those short outbursts of literature<br /> called essays, or by some persons trials. He<br /> would venture to suggest that they did not<br /> belong to the regular army of authors, and that<br /> at most they were volunteers. For there was one<br /> very marked distinction between men of science<br /> and other authors. The latter were paid for their<br /> labours, or expected to be paid. Men of science<br /> did not often expect to be paid; they had to pay.<br /> He wondered whether any of them ever went<br /> to the British Association for the Advancement<br /> of Science. He had been there, and had<br /> observed that the reporters of the newspapers,<br /> when any paper was being read that was not<br /> at all scientific, were very hard at work with<br /> their pens, which flew with enormous rapidity.<br /> But when any really scientific paper was read—<br /> and that did happen sometimes—they stopped ;<br /> and it was generally stated that “the remaining<br /> papers were of a strictly technical character.”<br /> Sometimes, however, a great writer appeared who<br /> combined literary gifts with a genius for scientific<br /> investigation ; and then such a work was pro-<br /> duced as “The Origin of Species.” (Loud<br /> cheers. )<br /> <br /> The CHarrman next proposed the toast of<br /> “Science and Literature,” coupling with it the<br /> names of Sir Archibald Geikie, F.R.S., Mr. R. L.<br /> Nettleship, and Mr. Andrew Lang, who responded<br /> in turn.<br /> <br /> Mr. F. R. Srocxron, who was received with<br /> loud cheers, also replied to the toast at the in-<br /> vitation of the chairman. After speaking of the<br /> great demand in America for the works of<br /> English writers, he said that, though Americans<br /> wrote in the same language, they could never, he<br /> thought, expect to speak in the same language;<br /> at least he could not. He had a good many<br /> recollections of occasions which illustrated the<br /> truth of his statement. When he had called a<br /> cab, and had seated himself in it, he said to<br /> himself, ‘‘ The man who is driving me thinks, and<br /> says to himself, ‘the man inside here isan Ameri-<br /> can. Very likely in the course of his life he has<br /> bought a good many English books which have<br /> been pirated; and the authors of those books<br /> <br /> AUTHOR. 51<br /> <br /> never received a cent. I will see what I can do<br /> to benefit myself at any rate where my fellow-<br /> citizens, the British authors, should have been<br /> benefited.’ ’’ When he got out of that cab he<br /> gave the man a shilling. The driver said<br /> ““Highteenpence.” He asked whether it was<br /> more than two miles from Charing-cross to<br /> Ludgate-hill. The driver looked at him and<br /> replied, “ Highteenpence.” He was impressed by<br /> the exceeding earnestness of the driver’s face,<br /> and he paid the sum demanded. They might<br /> regard that as an instance of retaliation. He<br /> thanked the company on behalf of American<br /> authors for the compliment they had received.<br /> (Cheers. )<br /> The “ Health of the Chairman” followed.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ele<br /> Tue “Times” on tHE Soctrerty.<br /> <br /> From the Times, June 1, 1892 :—“ Last night<br /> the Incorporated Society of Authors dined to-<br /> gether at the Holborn Restaurant, the chairman<br /> being Professor Michael Foster. Perhaps there<br /> is nothing remarkable in this bald announce-<br /> ment; but to any one who looks back for ten<br /> years upon the disjointed and disorganized con-<br /> dition in which literary men then were, and how<br /> their cliques and divisions seemed to make it<br /> impossible for them ever to combine, the news<br /> gives ground for reflection. It is something that<br /> a Society of Authors should have been well and<br /> truly incorporated, with a president and a com-<br /> mittee and a secretary, and, above all, a subscrip-<br /> tion list ; it is still more that it should have been<br /> already able to perform all that, by its mere<br /> existence and by taking action in a certain<br /> number of typical cases, this Society has per-<br /> formed. The vitality and comprehensiveness of<br /> the Society, of which Lord Tennyson is the<br /> president, were shown yesterday in more ways<br /> than one. In the first place, a man of science<br /> was in the chair, as though to show that, what-<br /> ever may be the higher relations between belles<br /> lettres and treatises on curves or nerves, authors<br /> have common interests, whether they write in<br /> symbols or in flowing periods. Again, the com-<br /> prehensiveness of the Society was shown by the<br /> presence of ladies at the dinner, which is more<br /> than has as yet been conceded by the Royal<br /> Academy. As to the speaking, none of it was<br /> quite so exhilarating as Mr. Corney Grain’s song ;<br /> but the chairman showed conclusively that a<br /> man of science might be amusing, and, thanks to<br /> an impromptu demand, the company was made<br /> happy by a speech from the author of “Rudder<br /> Grange.” The Society of Authors has not yet<br /> <br /> E2<br />  <br /> <br /> 52<br /> <br /> had a long life, but it has done enough to make<br /> its value recognised and its power to a certain<br /> extent felt. This youngest of trade unions was as<br /> necessary as any other union; more 80, indeed,<br /> than almost any other, since from the nature of<br /> the case an author is generally quite unacquainted<br /> with the ways in which his wares may best be<br /> brought before the public. What he does not<br /> understand, the publisher promises to manage for<br /> him, with the result that has often been described<br /> by pens that have been dipped in the gall of dis-<br /> appointment. That the Society has met a want<br /> is shown by the growth of its members, which<br /> now reach the large total of 780 or thereabouts ;<br /> and that it has done no great harm to the<br /> respectable publishers is shown by the consider-<br /> able number of new houses that have come into<br /> existence during the last few years, all expecting<br /> to live by issuing books. The real good that the<br /> Society has done, and continues to do, consists<br /> chiefly in putting the relations between the writer<br /> and his agent—for a publisher is nothing else—<br /> on a businesslike footing. The mystery which<br /> used to surround the trade of publishing has been<br /> invaded; the author has learnt that there is<br /> nothing in the book trade which he has not a<br /> right to know, and that he is just as much<br /> entitled to a fair and square agreement as if he<br /> were selling a house or a field or a parcel of rail-<br /> way shares. It may be said that many of the<br /> leading firms have always recognised this obliga-<br /> tion on their part; but the real difficulty with<br /> which young authors, especially women, have had<br /> to contend, is the existence of a number of<br /> unscrupulous houses which prey on their ignorance<br /> and simply rob them. Thanks to the publicity<br /> which the Society of Authors gives, these firms,<br /> which only flourish in the shade, have been much.<br /> less prosperous of late, and have tended to<br /> disappear altogether. Again, although that great<br /> but imperfect boon to the British author, the<br /> American Copyright Act, would never have been<br /> passed unless the American author and printer<br /> had wished for it, it is true to say that the<br /> existence of a representative body like the Society<br /> of Authors had no small influence upon its<br /> passing. Ina word, the Society does, or can do,<br /> most of the things that a trade union can do for<br /> its members. There is indeed only one thing<br /> that the public commonly associates with a trade<br /> union which the Society has not yet suggested or<br /> encouraged. It has not yet ordered an author’s<br /> strike. Perhaps, with a view of limiting the<br /> literary output, such an order, periodically issued,<br /> might not be an unmixed evil.”<br /> <br /> al a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> PUBLISHERS’ EXPENSES.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> N that excellent paper the Critic of New<br /> York (May 14) there is a paragraph which<br /> embodies a fallacy constantly being re-<br /> <br /> peated. Yet it is a thing so patent that one is<br /> astonished to find anybody led away by the<br /> thing. It occurs in a column called the<br /> “Younger,” and is apparently written by a lady.<br /> After reproducing a little sum from the Author<br /> in which the respective shares of author, pub-<br /> lisher, and bookseller were set down under<br /> certain royalty arrangement, the author getting<br /> 24 cents (translated_ into Americanese), the<br /> bookseller 28 cents, and the publisher 36 cents.<br /> Then the “Lounger” intelligently remarks as<br /> follows :—<br /> <br /> There is an old saying that there are none so blind as<br /> those who won’t see. Mr. Besant is one of these blind men,<br /> for he won’t see that the 36 cents is not spent by the<br /> publisher in riotous living. Books are not manufactured<br /> and then stored away on the publisher’s shelves. They<br /> must be put into circulation to sell, and that is one of the<br /> heaviest of the publisher’s expenses, not to mention the<br /> little items of advertising, rent and salaries. I am always<br /> glad when an author makes money, but Iam not indignant<br /> when a publisher makes a little something. He takes great<br /> risks, much greater than an author would care to take, I<br /> fancy.<br /> <br /> No one, to begin with, is indignant when a<br /> <br /> publisher makes a “little something.” On the<br /> contrary, though the writer insinuates that we<br /> are indignant when the publisher gets his<br /> little something—poor, helpless lamb !—we are<br /> continually, whenever we speak on the subject,<br /> impressing upon everybody that the publisher<br /> must receive what is equitable for his services,<br /> and that these services are substantial. Next<br /> we are continually impressing upon people the<br /> truth—not evolved from imagination, but arrived<br /> at by seven years’ experience of the management<br /> of literary property—actual living experience—<br /> by agreements, letters, revelations, such as no<br /> single person can possess, and no other body of<br /> persons have ever attempted—that the (English)<br /> publisher, as a rule, never takes any risk at all.<br /> With the exception of a few houses which now<br /> and then do take a risk—there are no risks<br /> taken. By risk, I mean the chance of not getting<br /> back the small sum of money invested in the<br /> production of a book. This, I say, is not<br /> theorising or speculation—it is fact.<br /> <br /> Next, about this eighteen pence—this share of<br /> 36 cents. What does a publisher get paid for ?<br /> Is the book his book? Not at all, unless he buys<br /> it outright. It is the author’s property. Why<br /> is he to get anything out of it at allf Why is<br /> <br /> he to take any share in a work in whose creation<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ane AUTHOR. 53<br /> <br /> he had no part ? For services rendered. He says:<br /> “T will publish your book. I must be paid so<br /> much for it.” Since he does not do everything<br /> himself, as John Ruskin’s publisher used to do,<br /> he must have his machinery. Are we to pay him<br /> first for his machinery and then for himself ?<br /> Certainly not. Do we pay the carrier so much<br /> for taking a parcel and so much more for the cart<br /> and horse? Do we pay the lawyer so much for<br /> his work and so much more for his rent and his<br /> clerks, and the red tape and the ink? In busi-<br /> ness of all kinds the machinery does not count.<br /> If it is too expensive it can be cut down. The<br /> first carrier was a messenger who carried<br /> parcels under his arm. Then he started his cart.<br /> <br /> But he was paid no more for his cart. That<br /> is exactly the position of the publisher. And<br /> that is the common sense of the matter. It is<br /> <br /> only a question of the proportion which is justly<br /> due to the publisher. W. B.<br /> <br /> PRESS COPIES.<br /> <br /> Ss<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> N the subject of Press copies our correspon-<br /> dent, H. Haes, returns to the charge. He<br /> proposes that if books are sent for review,<br /> <br /> those which are reviewed shall be paid for, and<br /> those which are not reviewed shall be sent. back.<br /> He thinks that by asking for a review the author<br /> sacrifices his own dignity. He also says that<br /> reviews of books are of interest to readers, other-<br /> wise they would not appear. His letter will be<br /> read with much interest, and may give rise to not<br /> a little discussion.<br /> <br /> Another way of putting the question, however,<br /> is this: An author desires, above all things, to<br /> get a hearing. How is he to do this? How is<br /> he to get people to ask for his books at the<br /> libraries, the shops, and the stalls? He may<br /> advertise in the papers—keep on advertising—<br /> which is extremely costly ; he may send the book<br /> for review, and trust not only to the favourable<br /> review, but also for a more telling advertisement,<br /> containing that favourable review. Lastly, he<br /> may trust to the book making its own way by<br /> being talked about. The last, when once it<br /> happens to a fortunate author, causes his book<br /> to run swiftly to the uttermost corners of the<br /> globe,<br /> <br /> Still another way of putting it is as was<br /> attempted in&#039;August of last year. The passage<br /> <br /> was as follows (Author, August, 1891, p. 94) :—<br /> “Unless the Editor were supplied with copies of<br /> new books he and all authors would be at the<br /> <br /> mercy of the critic, who wonld go round the world<br /> of letters and the outer offices of publishers,<br /> begging and extorting books on the promise of a<br /> favourable review. This would be a tyranny<br /> unendurable. It may be said that a gentleman<br /> could not do such things. If the reviewer had to<br /> cadge about in order to find his own copies for<br /> review, very few gentlemen would be left in the<br /> profession. The extortion of books under promise<br /> of a favourable notice is sometimes done even now.<br /> Here followeth fact. There was a man, about<br /> twenty years ago, a clergyman and the lecturer for<br /> a well-known society, who persuaded a certain<br /> geographer that he was a great man on the<br /> London press, and actually got from him a parcel<br /> of atlases, maps, and books on a promise of<br /> favourable notices. He wrote no notices and he<br /> sold the parcel for £25.”<br /> <br /> The distribution of press copies is certainly a<br /> thing that requires prudence, and some knowledge<br /> of the position of newspapers. Some publishers<br /> pitchfork copies of books in all directions with-<br /> out asking what kind of notice, whether favour-<br /> able or unfavourable, they are going to get. If,<br /> for instance, one knows beforehand that one will<br /> have a notice of three lines among a batch, and<br /> that the chances are three to one that it will be a<br /> spiteful notice, what earthly reason exists for<br /> wasting a copy worth so much good money upon<br /> such a paper? This department of the publishing<br /> business requires very careful overhauling.<br /> <br /> Another thing may be noted. A book is not<br /> necessarily open to criticism because it is pub-<br /> lished. If a copy is sent for review, the author<br /> must take whatever is given him, good or bad.<br /> He can only complain when the review misrepre-<br /> sents or falsifies his work. On the other hand, if<br /> he refuses a copy toacertain paper, and that<br /> paper abuses his work, it is as if one should say<br /> of a baker that his bread is adulterated, or of a<br /> doctor that he is a quack. An action for libel<br /> might certainly be brought, and would probably<br /> prove successful.<br /> <br /> Considering all these points, it certainly seems<br /> that the present system needs modification<br /> only in certain omissions. Where the reviews<br /> are inadequate, contemptuous, or spiteful, the<br /> books should be withheld. In the good time<br /> coming, when authors will take a more personal<br /> share in the conduct of their business, they will<br /> stipulate beforehand the papers which are to<br /> receive the copies.<br /> <br /> ee<br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> 54 THE<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AMERICAN SOCIETIES.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Two Rrvau Socrerrss.<br /> \ | ENTION has already been made of the<br /> <br /> existence of two American associations,<br /> <br /> one called the Society of Authors; the<br /> other, the Association of American Authors.<br /> The former, of which Mrs. Katherine Hodges is<br /> secretary, was founded about a yearago. The<br /> latter, of which Mr. Todd is secretary, was<br /> founded early this year. The aims and objects of<br /> the two societies are identically the same; the<br /> prospectus of the latter appears to be based upon<br /> that of the former. The headquarters of both<br /> seem to be New York. The membership of the<br /> former is 200; that of the latter is not known.<br /> The former has many branches scattered about<br /> the country; notably one at Washington, which<br /> has recently celebrated its birth by a_ great<br /> function. The latter numbers among its members<br /> Mr. W. D. Howells.<br /> <br /> All this is perhaps to be lamented ; if, however,<br /> there should be found support sufficient for the<br /> maintenance of two distinct societies, they might<br /> possibly do good to each other by an honourable<br /> rivalry. It would ill become us to attempt any<br /> interference or advice with our American brethren.<br /> But, this, at least, may be said. The interests at<br /> stake should be considered before all other points.<br /> Surely Mr. Howells and other American leaders<br /> might be trusted to know how these interests can<br /> best be served. The most prominent names of<br /> the younger society are Col. Higginson, Miriam<br /> Conway, A. W. O. Howells, Dudley Warner, and<br /> Mrs. Moulton. Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes is<br /> reported to be a well wisher to the second society.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Tur AmERICAN PROSPECTUS.<br /> <br /> Tux following is the original prospectus of the<br /> second society.<br /> <br /> “The undersigned, believing that the interests<br /> of American authors and literature demand the<br /> organisation of a society of American authors on<br /> the same basis as the very successful English and<br /> French societies, invite you to meet at the Berkeley<br /> Lyceum, 23, West 44th-street, New York, on<br /> May 18, at 12 m., to organise a society of<br /> ‘American Authors,’ of which all literary<br /> workers, both men and women, may become<br /> members, with annual dues not exceeding 5 dols.,<br /> and having these general objects :—<br /> <br /> “rst. To promote sociality and a professional<br /> spirit among authors.<br /> <br /> “ and. To settle disputes between authors and<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> publishers, by arbitration, or by an appeal to the<br /> courts.<br /> <br /> “2rd. To advise authors as to the various<br /> methods of publishing, and see that their con-<br /> tracts are so drawn as to protect them in their<br /> legal rights.<br /> <br /> “ ath. To co-operate with publishers in bringing<br /> about better business methods between author<br /> and publisher.<br /> <br /> “sth. To secure minor reforms, such as an<br /> extension of copyright, carriage of literary pro-<br /> perty through the mail at the same rate as other<br /> merchandise, and in general to advance the<br /> interest of American authors and literature.<br /> <br /> “W. D. Howells, Thomas W. Higginson,<br /> Charles D. Warner, Moncure D. Conway, George<br /> W. Cable, Julian Hawthorne, James Grant<br /> Wilson, Charles Burr Todd.”<br /> <br /> General James Grant Wilson, on behalf of the<br /> Genealogical and Biographical Society, which<br /> controls the Lyceum, welcomed the members, and<br /> nominated Colonel T. W. Higginson as chairman of<br /> the meeting. The latter, in accepting, disclaimed<br /> any ill-feeling against publishers, and declared<br /> himself and his associates to be animated simply<br /> by a desire to protect authors.<br /> <br /> OUR ENEMIES.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> IL—A Lonpon Eprror.<br /> <br /> HERE has been another and quite a new<br /> iL set of charges invented against the society.<br /> This time by a writer calling himself<br /> “Qondon Editor” in the National Review. He<br /> formulates a curious collection of charges. Practi-<br /> cally, they may be reduced to one—that we are<br /> secretly purposing to make literature a “ close pro-<br /> fession” and to drive out of it all but ourselves.<br /> This is very funny. Malignity could hardly be<br /> more perverse. Last year we were charged with<br /> encouraging bad writers and increasing the output<br /> of bad books. This year we are accused of doing<br /> exactly the opposite. What does it mean—this<br /> continual and never-ending misrepresentation ?<br /> Tt means the wriggling of the man whose<br /> fraudulent and secret profits have been exposed.<br /> This exposure has touched his pockets.<br /> <br /> The great discovery of our real intentions is —<br /> presented very curiously by the writer of the<br /> article. The whole work of the society, says<br /> the discoverer, is to have a dinner once a year 5<br /> to keep a watch on fraudulent publishers, and<br /> to keep new comers out of literature. The<br /> <br /> second, he rays, has been so well done that —<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> foe AUTHOR. 55<br /> <br /> publishing is now as honest a trade as any. There<br /> - remains the third.<br /> Now, supposing it to be true—which is not the<br /> » case—that we have been so successful as to con-<br /> » vert the dishonest to ways of honesty—the temp-<br /> ‘station to dishonesty would still remain. The<br /> i property whose interests we defend would still<br /> remain, and the defence would be still a necessary.<br /> The society would have to remain.<br /> <br /> But itis a special note of those who write<br /> articles and paragraphs against the society that<br /> they never allow the existence of literary pro-<br /> spects. Hither they do not know that there is<br /> such a thing, or they are silent for interested<br /> reasons.<br /> <br /> We have called attention to this vast interest<br /> # im paper after paper. Weshall continue to do so.<br /> We will do more. We will attempt to obtain<br /> sifigures which shall give some approximation to<br /> | the reality of the property in question.<br /> <br /> As regards the stuff about a “close profes-<br /> sion,” we need not waste time over it. Two points<br /> sonly need be mentioned. In his haste to pick up<br /> » stones the writer makes one most unfortunate little<br /> ‘mistake which betrays his animus. He says that<br /> vhe has been “conning the long list of its<br /> »members.” Of course he imagined, when he<br /> made that statement, that there must be such a<br /> “list available for everybody. Now, there is no<br /> wsuch list at all. The last list of the members<br /> was printed four or five years ago, when there<br /> » were only 200 or so. Weare now 800. The only<br /> 4 list is in the hands of the secretary, who shows it<br /> © to no one,<br /> <br /> The second point is an assertion made in the<br /> “last page but one of the article. It is that<br /> “people “are ceasing to buy books because books<br /> &quot;are generally bad.” The exact opposite is the<br /> “truth. Whether books are good or bad, people<br /> * are buying them more and more. The trade<br /> increases daily ; new publishers are always<br /> * coming into the field. And this fact is quite<br /> “consistent with the other statement which the<br /> ‘writer advances, viz., that journalism is more<br /> “and more attracting the brightest intellect of the<br /> 1% day.<br /> <br /> &amp;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> II.—A Boston Enemy.<br /> <br /> The American Society—or Societies, if there<br /> ‘tare still two—is attracting quite the same sort of<br /> »‘ treatment and criticism that we have ourselves<br /> received. First, itis anew thing, therefore absurd.<br /> Secondly, nobody wants it; and the members<br /> ‘fouly number so many. Such and such a great<br /> ®©man is uot a member ; therefore it is not wanted.<br /> * Thirdly, it is not practical; therefore it is not<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> wanted. Fourthly, no author of weight has any<br /> real grievance against the better class of American<br /> publishers. We know all these arguments. The<br /> last, especially, used to be very commonly used<br /> over here, but it is used no longer. One might<br /> just as well say that there are no pickpockets in<br /> Oxford-street, therefore policemen may as well be<br /> abolished. The real argument for the foundation<br /> of such a society—that literary property is an<br /> enormous interest, that it belongs to the creators,<br /> that it must be defended on the behalf of the<br /> creators—is not met or even alluded to.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> aa ee<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> NOTES AND NEWS.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> UT of our Sixty Minor Poets we have lost one<br /> whom we would fain have kept with us. The<br /> author of “ Ionica”’ is dead. It was but<br /> <br /> yesterday that the little book appeared which made<br /> him known to all of us. His first volume, however,<br /> had come out in 1858. The second—our friend<br /> —of 1891, was a reprint of the former, with<br /> additions. He lived in a small house at Hamp-<br /> stead, very near my own; yet I have never met<br /> or spoken to him. And now, alas! I never<br /> shall, for he is dead. In his own words, in<br /> “ Heraclitus :”’<br /> And now that thou art lying, my dear old Carian guest,<br /> A handful of grey ashes, long, long ago at rest,<br /> <br /> Still are thy pleasant voices, thy nightingales, awake,<br /> For Death he taketh all away, but these he cannot take.<br /> <br /> We have William Cory’s nightingales. There is<br /> an eloquent and graceful tribute to his memory in<br /> the Speaker of June 18.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> In a reported interview Mr. Grant Allen is<br /> reported to have said, in speaking of the material<br /> rewards of literature, that I ‘make a great deal”<br /> of the fifty modern English writers whose incomes<br /> are over a thousand pounds a year. This is a<br /> little misapprehension. I do not make much of<br /> the fact, nor do I glory in it, nor do I see in it<br /> any special recommendation to the literary career,<br /> seeing that in any other profession that man<br /> succeeds poorly indeed who cannot make an<br /> income of a thousand. But the fact was stated<br /> in order to do something—if only a little—to<br /> lessen the contempt in which the profession of<br /> letters—as a profession—lies. Fifty people in<br /> it, actually making each a thousand a year!<br /> As a matter of fact, there are more than fifty<br /> who do so. But the assertion was received at<br /> first with universal derision; everybody laughed<br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> 56<br /> <br /> at it. Fifty authors with’ a thousand a year<br /> each! Authors! Fancy, authors! Ludicrous!<br /> Impossible! There was not, everybody felt, so<br /> much in the whole trade. Even when the truth<br /> is told it is a poorly paid profession. Even if<br /> an equitable arrangement were arrived at, once<br /> and for all, the great prizes would still be very few.<br /> Yet there seems little cause for lamentation over<br /> that. Since there are so few prizes there can<br /> be few prizemen; the mass of those who follow<br /> letters must either remain poor or they must<br /> follow some other pursuit. Let us assure them,<br /> if we can, of their independence and their self-<br /> respect. Then their poverty will be a com-<br /> paratively small evil.<br /> <br /> —<br /> <br /> Another literary monument is gone. Those<br /> who knew Grub-street—now Milton-street—will<br /> remember a quaint little square which stood on<br /> its western side. It was a poor kind of square,<br /> standing round a paved court; vehicles—except<br /> the coster’s barrow—could not enter there. The<br /> houses were small and mean; yet they had the<br /> eighteenth century air. The rest of the street<br /> was built up with vast warehouses. This alone<br /> remained of the glorious past. Into this corner<br /> had been driven the real associations of Grub-<br /> street. One knew every room in every house. In<br /> this starved Boyes; in this, Otway. Here two<br /> translators occupied one room, and shared one bed,<br /> one blanket, and one shirt. Johnson knew this<br /> square. Goldsmith often came here, when he<br /> had any money, to give it away among his poorer<br /> brothers. Very few of them went about the<br /> streets in complete absence of anxiety concerning<br /> the sheriff’s man and the Compter. Sunday was<br /> a day of relief. Here Smollett made the acquain-<br /> tance of my Lord Potatoe. The square was<br /> fragrant with the memories of the starveling<br /> bards. Sham travellers abounded here who had<br /> never been beyond Greenwich; Greek scholars<br /> who knew not the alphabet; essayists on polite<br /> society who never advanced beyond a sixpenny<br /> ordinary. But now the square is gone, and a great<br /> warehouse stands upon the spot. Grub-street is,<br /> indeed, no more.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I hear that a young writer in a weekly paper<br /> speaks of the air being dark with the sky signs<br /> set up by the Society of Authors. Sky signs are<br /> illegal; does he mean that the action of the Society<br /> is illegal? Whether he means this or not does<br /> not matter. What he does mean, besides, is as<br /> plain as the biggest sky sign ever elevated above<br /> the roofs. Let us wait. When the time comes<br /> for the work of this young writer to be in request<br /> by the reading public—let us hope that it will be<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> in very large request and that the time will soon<br /> come—he will either be able to congratulate him-<br /> self on the sky signs which have kept him, as<br /> well as others, out of pitfalls and traps; or he<br /> will bemoan his unfortunate lot that, by neglect-<br /> ing these friendly sky signs, he has had to<br /> undergo the loss and humiliation—especially the<br /> latter—of being robbed without the power of<br /> redress. The man who really likes to feel that<br /> he has been fraudulently entreated is not known<br /> to exist. Let us note, meantime, that those<br /> who cry out the loudest upon the mercenary<br /> spirit shown in the resolution to safeguard<br /> literary property belong to one of four classes:<br /> Either they are those who as yet are too young to<br /> have any; or those who have gone through a life<br /> of failure without being able to acquire any; or<br /> those who think that literary property means a<br /> ten pound note; or those who desire vehemently<br /> to join in the plunder. Of these four classes<br /> the third is the noisiest and the most numerous.<br /> What is the good, they think, of talking about<br /> literary property? There is not any such thing;<br /> there can’t be any such thing. ‘“ Why,’ they say,<br /> “my own publisher could only give me ten pounds<br /> for my last book—and a book well reviewed, Sir<br /> —a book that sold 300 copies! Absurd!”<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> An invitation has been sent to certain writing<br /> persons of this country—to myself among the<br /> rest—asking them to join in contributing to a<br /> memorial designed to celebrate, on the 400th<br /> anniversary of the discovery of America, the<br /> services rendered by Columbus to mankind. Hach<br /> contributor is to choose his own special topic.<br /> The subject means, in other words, the services<br /> rendered to mankind by the discovery of America.<br /> This is rather a large subject, and I, for one,<br /> have not felt able to comply with the invitation.<br /> The discovery has added sixty millions of those<br /> who speak the English language; if these sixty<br /> millions were allied by commercial and other<br /> bonds of brotherhood and friendship with our<br /> own thirty millions, there would be something<br /> worth rejoicing over, because the Anglo-Saxon<br /> race would then be absolutely master of the<br /> situation and impregnable. What country or<br /> combination of countries could stand against a<br /> federation already a hundred millions strong, and<br /> increasing with a rapidity previously unknown in<br /> history? But an English-speaking America,<br /> <br /> where no President can be elected until he has<br /> first insulted the English nation in order to catch<br /> the Irish vote, is not a country over which we can<br /> be expected to rejoice quite hearti&#039;y. I shall wait<br /> for the 500th anniversary. By that time I hope<br /> to find the Irish question settled somehow, and<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR. 57<br /> <br /> the United States in firm alliance and brother-<br /> hood with ourselves.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ihave received a copy of the “ Book Review<br /> Index.” Apparently it is the first copy—Vol. 1.,<br /> No. 1.—but no number appears in the title page.<br /> It consists, apart from a few notes of no great<br /> significance, of a list of books published during<br /> the last three months, each accompanied by an<br /> index to the papers which have noticed it. For<br /> instance.<br /> <br /> ALONE ON A WIDE WipE SzEa—By W. Clark Russell—<br /> (Chatto and Windus).—Glas. Her., 10 March; Athen.,<br /> 19 March; Scot. Lead., 17 March; Man. Guar., 29<br /> March; Scotsman, 14 March; Leeds Mer., 28 March;<br /> Sat. Rev., 2 April; Standard, 16 April; Nat. Obs., 2<br /> April; Bookman, April; Spectator, 30 April; Acad., 14<br /> May ; Morn. Post, 9 May; Novel Rev., April.<br /> <br /> Those writers, therefore, who desire to know<br /> where they have been reviewed may buy the Index<br /> and ascertain for themselves. In looking through<br /> the pages the question arises what books have<br /> been most reviewed during the quarter? The<br /> answer to this question does not prove more or<br /> less popularity, because publishers vary in their<br /> <br /> practice of sending out books for review. The<br /> following results, however, are not without<br /> interest: Lord Tennyson’s “The Foresters,”<br /> <br /> heads the lists with 82 reviews; Rudyard Kip-<br /> ling’s “ Barrack Room Ballads” follows with 49<br /> reviews; ‘after him comes Owen Meredith’s<br /> “March” Edwin Arnold’s “ Potiphar’s Wife,”<br /> and Charles Booth’s “‘ Temperance,” and “ Faces<br /> and Places” by H. W. Lucy, each with about<br /> 40 reviews; and then a whole shower of<br /> books each with its 30 reviews. Some of<br /> them are quite unknown books. Now those who<br /> want to see the reviews would have to buy this<br /> Index first, write next to all the papers to order a<br /> copy and pay for each copy. Thus one of those<br /> which had forty reviews would have to pay<br /> forty pence for posting letters with 7s. enclosed<br /> for copies, and 6d. for the Index. That is to say,<br /> it would cost him half-a-guinea for getting his<br /> reviews with all the trouble of writing and<br /> collecting. Now the ordinary service of cuttings<br /> would cost him only a guinea for a hundred slips,<br /> and at no trouble to himself.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> A paragraph appears in the Publishers’ Circular<br /> quoting at second-hand certain remarks attributed<br /> to Mr. Gosse on the modern novel. He is reported<br /> to have said that “in the old days the novelist<br /> was not a professional writer, but a man of affairs<br /> who turned aside to amuse himself by weaving<br /> romance. But now it isa continual, professional,<br /> <br /> VoL. III.<br /> <br /> commercial grinding out of novels-—a never ending<br /> flow of rubbish.” If Mr. Gosse said this, he<br /> talked rubbish. It would be a fair and logical<br /> conclusion to say—therefore Mr. Gosse did not say<br /> this. But, perhaps, with some softening, some<br /> exceptions offered in an unquoted context, he said<br /> something to the effect that a good deal of<br /> “commercial grinding” goes on. That is quite<br /> true. ‘Commercial grinding” always goes on<br /> whenever the article produced has a commercial<br /> value. The ‘commercial grinding” of magazine<br /> articles, for instant, is incessant. The only way<br /> to stop “commercial grinding” is to stop the<br /> commercial value, not only of novels, but of<br /> every other form of literature. But to brand<br /> the modern novel en bloc, as the production of a<br /> “continual, professional, commercial grinding ”’<br /> would be monstrous and preposterous. As for the<br /> novelist having been at any time a man of affairs<br /> “ who turned aside to amuse himself by weaving<br /> romance ”’—when was that?— Were Defoe, Fielding,<br /> Smollett, Goldsmith, Scott, Dickens, Thackeray,<br /> Wilkie Collins, Reade, George [liot, men of<br /> affairs who occasionally turned aside to amuse<br /> themselves by weaving romance? Or even, to go<br /> to other countries, were Hawthorne, George Sand,<br /> Balzac, Dumas, men of affairs who occasionally, &amp;e.?<br /> <br /> If the editor of the Publishers’ Circular<br /> had asked himself these simple questions, he would<br /> not have been so ready to cry out upon the wares<br /> upon which his clients and supporters grow rich.<br /> For my own part, whenever—which .is every<br /> other day—I see these sweeping charges made<br /> upon the modern novel, I always ardently desire<br /> to subject the critic to an examination in the<br /> very works which he thus ventures to denounce.<br /> His contempt for the modern novel would be<br /> found to be in exact proportion to his ignorance<br /> of the modern novel. In other words those who<br /> ery out the loudest against the modern novel are<br /> the people who read it the least.<br /> <br /> ————— &gt;<br /> <br /> A modern novelist writing or the assumption<br /> that Mr. Gosse did really make these remarks,<br /> which I do not believe, says: ‘“‘ When there is<br /> nothing else to talk about, the editor of a maga-<br /> zine always puts in someone to have a fling at<br /> the novelists. Very well; it shows the attention<br /> paid to the novel. But their attentions sometimes<br /> prove a little too pressing. Could not the editor,”<br /> my correspondent adds, “occasionally take a<br /> turn at the poets and the critics and the essay-<br /> ists’ There are many novelists who would<br /> be pleased to give a little consideration to the<br /> practitioners in these branches, if only out of<br /> gratitude for kindness showed to themselves ; and,<br /> really, fair play seems to demand that the modern.<br /> <br /> EF<br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 58<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> poets, too, should receive a portion of the love<br /> and admiration which they lavish upon the modern<br /> novelists.”<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The Speaker questions my contention that<br /> there is no genius at this moment who is starv-<br /> ing. He asks, with the careless inaccuracy which<br /> is now so common in paragraph writing, “ What<br /> does Mr. Besant mean by ‘real genius?’”” Now,<br /> I did not use the word real. I said “ genius ”<br /> without the adjective “real” at all. I also said<br /> that there were no applications at the Royal<br /> Literary Fund when I was a trustee from men<br /> or women of “literary position.” Now, says the<br /> Speaker, of course there were not, because<br /> “literary position”? means an income. My point,<br /> exactly—an income from literature means literary<br /> position ; if you have genius you very soon get<br /> that income. Then he goes on tosay: “ By ‘ real<br /> genius’ he implies apparently ‘ successful genius ; ’<br /> if you have a bank account, you are a ‘real<br /> genius,’ if not, you are an ‘unfortunate man of<br /> _letters.’” Quite so. Put an adjective which he<br /> <br /> did not use into the mouth of a speaker and<br /> then you can make a man talk any rubbish you<br /> like.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Again, therefore, I repeat. While I was on the<br /> council of the Royal Literary Fund there were<br /> many applications from men and women who were<br /> unfortunate men and women of letters. There<br /> was never one from any person, man or woman,<br /> who had done good work. I speak of two years<br /> only, and give this experience for what it is worth.<br /> Never once was there an application from any<br /> man or woman who had done good work. From<br /> which and from other information I infer that<br /> the world is swift to recognise good work. Well,<br /> “but,” it may be objected ; “ what about poetry ?”<br /> The world does not buy poetry. Poets—minor<br /> poets—do not try to live by their verses.<br /> Happily, that phase of starved literature has<br /> vanished. The unfortunates are chiefly unsuc-<br /> cessful novelists, about whom a great deal might<br /> be written, and the unlucky tribe of those who<br /> live by compiling books. ‘This is a tribe growing<br /> rapidly smaller, because, first, journalism offers<br /> much greater attractions, and because the made-<br /> up books—books which nobody wants — are<br /> becoming more and more discredited. A man<br /> who will turn you out a volume on Arctic Dis-<br /> covery, having never seen an iceberg; or a book<br /> on Malay lands, having never seen the Narrow<br /> Seas ; or a History of Japan, having never been<br /> there; is rapidly finding that the man who has<br /> experienced the pleasure of Arctic discovery, or<br /> has lived among the Malays, or knows Japan and<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> the Japs, has cut him out altogether. I do not<br /> say that the Fund has not often relieved the<br /> wants of good men. I only say that the condi-<br /> tions of things are changed, and that those who<br /> now apply are unfortunate because they are<br /> failures.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> A publisher sends me a delightful little corre-<br /> spondence. A young aspirant placed in his hands<br /> last yeara MS. which he refused to publish. The<br /> young author, after the manner of most young<br /> authors, could not possibly accept the decision of<br /> the publisher. The man was prejudiced; the<br /> man did not know his own interest ; the man was<br /> a fool to refuse sucha splendid thing. Therefore,<br /> the author published the book himself, and paid<br /> for it. He now writes to tell the publisher that he<br /> has sold exactly twelve copies, and has about 2000<br /> copies on his own hands. What does the society<br /> advise ? Never, never, NEVER pay for the produc-<br /> tion of your work. Young author, you well pay<br /> for it. You cannot believe that no one wauts<br /> your work. You will pay—you will learn by<br /> experience.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The books of the month are Stevenson’s<br /> “Wrecker,” and William Black’s “ Magic Ink.”<br /> WaLtER BuEsant.<br /> <br /> eS<br /> <br /> FEUILLETON.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Tue AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN ARTICLE.<br /> <br /> AM an Article. I consist entirely of words:<br /> <br /> | twelve thousand wordsare used up in making<br /> <br /> me. Hach word contains so many letters. In<br /> <br /> an average of six letters to a word—the author of<br /> <br /> my being uses a good many long and Latin words<br /> <br /> —I have used up seventy-two thousand letters.<br /> <br /> I do not state this with any boastfulness, but that<br /> <br /> you may know and understand that I am a long<br /> and a serious Article.<br /> <br /> I was brought into the world about three years<br /> ago. My birth, I have been told, was difficult,<br /> long, and painful. The sufferer, on many occa-<br /> sions during the long agony of travail, declared<br /> that I should_be the death of him; that he<br /> should never get me finished; that he wished he<br /> had never thought of me; that if he had known<br /> what a trouble I should be he never would have<br /> thought of me; that no one knew the sufferings<br /> of one who brought forth an Article ; that if men<br /> only did know, nobody would undertake the trouble-<br /> some andaccursed task of literature or production of<br /> Articles: with much more to the same effect. But<br /> the moment his’ Article—I myself—was born, he<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR. 59<br /> <br /> began to frisk and frolic, to dance and prance<br /> about the room, patting me—the Article—ten-<br /> derly, saying that there never was such an Article<br /> known since the world began; that there was the<br /> reputation of a lifetime in that Article; with<br /> many other extravagances common, I believe,<br /> to mothers with tender infants, hens who have<br /> just laid an egg, and authors with their newly-<br /> produced articles.<br /> <br /> I was a very sober, steady, even solemn, Article.<br /> I bristled with figures, statistics, and quotations.<br /> Acts of Parliament were considered in my pages.<br /> There can be no doubt that I was an Article<br /> demanding patient attention. Not one of your<br /> flippant, humorous, comic papers; not written to<br /> make the world laugh; but to make grave and<br /> serious statesmen ponder and consider. I had<br /> reason to be proud of myself; in fact I was proud<br /> of myself.<br /> <br /> Not only was I a sober and serious article, but<br /> I was written out, in a legible and beautiful hand,<br /> upon thick and costly paper. It was easy to see<br /> from my externals alone that Iwas an Article of<br /> which the author was justly proud—a noble<br /> Article—an aristocrat among Articles.<br /> <br /> My parent, after a careful survey of the<br /> various magazines then before the public, resolved,<br /> first, that he would not allow any American<br /> journal to have me—British by birth, British I<br /> should remain in the magazine where I was to<br /> appear. Hetherefore forwarded me toa shilling<br /> magazine called Burdock’s, after the illustrious<br /> Burdock, publisher, who owns that organ. The<br /> reasons which influenced him were, first, the fact<br /> that the magazine was comparatively new, and<br /> therefore presumably not so overladen with papers<br /> as some others; and next, a je ne seas quot of<br /> profundity, or gravity, peculiar to that organ.<br /> Nothing frivolous had, so far, been seen in this<br /> paper. Accordingly the author of my being sent<br /> me on to Burdoch’s.<br /> <br /> It was my first journey.<br /> <br /> The editor took me out of my wrappings and<br /> banged me on the table. I observed that there<br /> were many other MSS. lying about before him.<br /> He looked at the title—my title—all of my kind<br /> enjoy a title—and then he turned over the pages<br /> and looked at the signature. He thought a little<br /> and then he wrote in the corner at the right hand<br /> of the left page three mysterious letters—<br /> “U. B.D.” This done he tossed the MS. aside,<br /> and took up another, which he also tossed aside,<br /> <br /> Presently a boy came in and picked up the<br /> papers. He glanced at the letters in the corner and<br /> carried away all which lay in the same pile. I know<br /> not what he did to the others, but as regards<br /> myself he rubbed out the letters with a piece of<br /> greasy indiarubber, which left an indelible stain<br /> <br /> on the white paper; he then filled up a printed<br /> form which stated that the subject of the article<br /> was not suited to the pages of Burdockh’s Maga-<br /> zine, and that the editor sent it back with thanks.<br /> He then tied me up—his fingers were at once<br /> greasy and inky and muddy—and when I returned<br /> home my condition had already altered greatly<br /> for the worse.<br /> <br /> My parent received me with strong words. He<br /> cursed Burdock’s; he wished it might never<br /> prosper; he wished it might die; he read one of<br /> the cursing psalms over it. When this had<br /> calmed him he sat down and wrote to the<br /> editor of the Marlborough, offering a paper on the<br /> subject—my subject.<br /> <br /> Next day the editor replied on a printed form,<br /> that he was unfortunately too full to admit any<br /> new articles for the moment.<br /> <br /> My parent, a choleric young man, used the<br /> same language concerning the Marlborough as he<br /> had used concerning Burdock’s. Only he ab-<br /> stained from reading the cursing psalm. He<br /> also wrote off, the same day, to the editor of the<br /> Berkeley, who answered promptly, on a printed<br /> form, to the same effect.<br /> <br /> It appeared, in fact, as if nobody wanted me—<br /> nobody—wanted—Me! This was incredible.<br /> My parent tried three or four more editors with<br /> a similar result in every case. Their space was<br /> completely full; they could accept no more paper<br /> for the present.<br /> <br /> At last, however, a more favourable reply came.<br /> This editor liked the subject and would willingly<br /> read the paper. I was sent to him. This editor<br /> turned over the pages carelessly and then wrote a<br /> note. Hesaid that the paper pleased him very much,<br /> but that he thought it should receive a little hghter<br /> treatment ; something of the sportive vein; a touch<br /> of the humorous should be introduced. If the<br /> author would do this, the editor would gladly<br /> publish the article.<br /> <br /> The author received his MS. back again.<br /> Heavens! how grimy I was beginning to get<br /> already. But this was nothing compared with<br /> what followed. For my parent began to cut me<br /> to pieces ; he took out the stately Acts of Parlia-<br /> ment; he suppressed quantities of the most<br /> beautiful figures; and he put in comic anec-<br /> dotes. Thus disfigured and with the loss of<br /> all my original nobility, I went back to the<br /> editor.<br /> <br /> What follows is a bad dream to me whenever<br /> I think of it. For he put me on a shelf; ona<br /> <br /> high shelf in a dark and dirty room where gas<br /> was burned all day long, and where they used bad<br /> coal in a bad grate, the dust of which flew about<br /> all day, got down the throats of the office boys<br /> and killed them swiftly, and covered up all the<br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 60<br /> <br /> hopeless MSS. My editor put me up there and<br /> left me there, and forgot me there.<br /> <br /> I lay there a year—forgotten by everybody,<br /> even by my parent, who by this time had other<br /> children to look after. I was quite forgotten. I<br /> lay there helpless, wondering why I had been born<br /> at all; why any of my companions had been born ;<br /> hidden below an inch of black dry dust, that got<br /> between the leaves and made me grimy through<br /> and through.<br /> <br /> One day the editor looked in.<br /> <br /> “ What are these?” he asked. “Take them<br /> down and send them back to their authors. No!<br /> T shall write nothing. Least said soonest mended.<br /> The writers will come along to-morrow with more<br /> stuff just the same. I shan’t make any apology<br /> to any of the crew.”<br /> <br /> So I returned again tomy parent. Nowin my<br /> absence a thing had happened. The very points<br /> advocated by him in Me had been advocated by<br /> a great statesman. He, therefore, took me again<br /> in hand, wiped off as much as he could of the<br /> grime, took out the funny things and put back<br /> the figures. ‘ Now,” he said, when he had added<br /> a clean title page—upon my word the wash and<br /> the clean title page was as refreshing as a bath<br /> and a clean shirt to a man— we will try them<br /> all over again.”<br /> <br /> He sent me once more to Burdock’s. This time<br /> the editor, who had entirely forgotten the previous<br /> rejection, looked me through and sent me to the<br /> printers. The author corrected the proof.<br /> “Now,” I said, ‘I shall surely come out.”<br /> <br /> I waited—in a drawer this time—for six<br /> months. Then another thing happened, for<br /> an Act of Parliament was passed embodying all<br /> the suggestions. The author wrote to the editor<br /> asking how long he was to wait. The editor sent<br /> me back for alterations. Again I was pulled to<br /> pieces and rewritten.<br /> <br /> Then I came out at last. Two years anda half<br /> since I was first sent in.<br /> <br /> What attention I received on my appearance I<br /> know not. No Article ever knows. It must have<br /> been great, though, because Burdock’s died that<br /> very month. Burdock’s was killed by Me!<br /> <br /> oe<br /> <br /> NOTES FROM PARIS.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> N returning to Paris from fooling round on<br /> <br /> a bicycle in some of the prettiest country<br /> imaginable, I find on my bureau table a<br /> volume of 636 pages, on the fly-leaf of which is a<br /> dedication in autograph from “son devoué con-<br /> frére, Emile Zola.” This is the long-waited-for<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> “La Débicle,” by far, the most important work<br /> that the great master has yet put forth. It is not<br /> my place to criticise this extraordimary and epoch-<br /> making novel which should certainly be read by<br /> everybody who has any interest in literature, and<br /> I accordingly content myself by subjoining the<br /> descriptive notice, which the amiable publishers<br /> Messrs. Charpentier and Fasquelle, enclose in<br /> each press-copy, with a priére d’insérer. It gives<br /> a brief description of the work, as well as certain<br /> <br /> indications of the enormous success that this book |<br /> <br /> is destined to achieve.<br /> <br /> “ Jamais un livre d’Emile Zola n’a été aussi im-<br /> patiemment attendu que ‘La Débacle,’ qui sous<br /> sa couverture jaune envahit depuis ce matin<br /> toutes les vitrines des libraires.<br /> <br /> “Son succts anticipé est tel, que le jour méme<br /> de la mise en vente, les éditeurs Charpentier et<br /> Fasquelle répandent dans le public, pour les<br /> seules demandes d’avance, soixante-six mille<br /> exemplaires. Cet engouement ne sera certes pas<br /> décu, car ’époque néfaste de 1870-71 a inspiré<br /> au Maitre une ceuvre grandiose et terrible, com-<br /> parable aux épopées antiques. Dans ce roman<br /> qui captivera également les femmes, l’auteur a<br /> choisi ses personnages principaux surtout parmi<br /> les plus humbles, ce qui rend plus frappants<br /> encore les tableaux de désorientation, de carnage,<br /> d’héroisme et de désolation décrits en des pages<br /> superbes. Malgré l’étendue inusitée de cette<br /> ceuvre, ‘La Débicle’ est contenue en un seul<br /> volume de la Bibliothéque-Charpentier.”’<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> To understand the familiar expression, dear<br /> alike to authors and to publishers, about a book<br /> “going off like hot cakes,’ one ought to stroll<br /> on the boulevards the day of the publication of<br /> one of Zola’s novels. Already early in the morn-<br /> ing the trottoir shelves of the booksellers are<br /> yellow with piles of copies—mountain-high—of<br /> the new work, and hour by hour these piles<br /> dwindle down, and are renewed by panting book-<br /> stall clerks. A new animation is given to the<br /> boulevards, and in every hand may be seen the<br /> yellow back, so that a new colour is given to the<br /> streets. An impressionist painter might make a<br /> very striking picture out of the subject, ‘‘ Paris<br /> on a Zola morning,” and for this he would need<br /> not much more than his tube of light yellow.<br /> Zola’s works are never packed up in paper and<br /> string, but carried off hastily, as for immediate<br /> consumption, and this, in the eyes of the book-<br /> sellers’ clerks, means far more as a sign of his<br /> immense popularity than the sale of ever so<br /> many thousands. The purchasers can’t wait till<br /> they get home to have a taste, and even to-day I<br /> saw tardy buyers walking down the streets turn-<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> ing over the leaves. ‘‘ La Débacle” is not, how-<br /> ever, a book to be so lightly read. It is a work<br /> for the study.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Professor Minto prefaces a highly interesting<br /> account of the earnings realised by various<br /> authors of the past, which appeared in a recent<br /> number of the Speaker, with a good-humoured<br /> criticism of my “ inconsistency ” in blaming the<br /> habit of speaking about authors’ incomes and<br /> earnings which certain journals indulge in, in<br /> the same number of the Author in which I had<br /> given certain particulars about the remuneration<br /> earned by a number of noted French authors.<br /> It does look inconsistent to be sure, but, at the<br /> same time, is not the Author entre nous, and may<br /> we not talk about our own affairs between our-<br /> selves? If this is not a good excuse, I may pos-<br /> sibly defend myself that the incriminated para-<br /> graph was perhaps the outcome of the anger of<br /> the Author Jekyll against the Journalistic Hyde.<br /> Jekyll might very justly be incensed at Hyde<br /> for not holding his tongue, because the author<br /> and the journalist by their very natures work on<br /> different lines. The journalist must say every-<br /> thing, whilst with the author ne pas tout dire still<br /> remains the great art.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Apropos of authors and journalists, I was<br /> rather amused at reading in a recent American<br /> magazine an article by a_ well-known lady<br /> novelist in which writing about the “ Penalty of<br /> Greatness” she animadverted, in no measured<br /> language, on the custom of interviewing, which<br /> she described as a nuisance, an impertinence, and<br /> so forth. She added something about the “great<br /> writer being forced to divulge his private affairs<br /> to the newspaper hack.” It is high time that<br /> writers of books should cease their de haut en bas<br /> ways, their sneering little ways towards their con-<br /> fréres of the press. There is far more good<br /> writing in the daily press than in all but very few<br /> novels, and it is beyond dispute that a leader by<br /> such men as Sala and Lang, not to mention<br /> many other names, shows as much literary skill<br /> and artistic sense as many pages in the best con-<br /> temporary fiction. And as to hacks this term is<br /> foolishly inappropriate as applied to writers for<br /> the Press, inasmuch as most journalists make far<br /> better incomes and have a much higher and older<br /> time of it than all but very few writers of books.<br /> Many men who would make very good writers of<br /> books prefer to remain journalists because their<br /> talents lie in quick work and their hankerings are<br /> after quick returns. Some, doubtless, also prefer<br /> the immeasurably larger public that the news-<br /> paper as compared to the volume assures them,<br /> <br /> 61<br /> <br /> A good article is far more read and far more<br /> noticed by the larger public than nearly any<br /> book,<br /> <br /> ——+ &gt;—__~<br /> <br /> “The great. writer” by the way is almost in-<br /> variably delighted to see the newspaper hack and<br /> to shovel out his experiences and opinions for his<br /> purpose. Zola, for instance, or Daudet, or Rénan<br /> can always be interviewed at any length, and the<br /> same may be said of almost all French writers.<br /> Poor De Maupassant, on the other hand, invari-<br /> ably refused to be interviewed.”<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The journalist Hyde, maugre the author<br /> Jekyll, wants to give a few more particulars<br /> about the earnings of the writers of the roman-<br /> Jeuilleton which have come his way since last<br /> month. Jules Mary, for instance, makes his<br /> 60,000 frances with one of his thrillers, and in<br /> this way. His price for the use of a serial by a<br /> paper is 30,000 francs. The publishers who bring<br /> the story out in penny parts after its appearance<br /> in the paper pay him for such use a further sum<br /> of 25,000 francs. The book is then published in<br /> volume form, which brings in the balance of<br /> 5000 franes. Besides these sums he always turns<br /> a pretty additional penny by authorising its<br /> reproduction in the country newspapers. M.<br /> D’Ennery charges fifteen pence a line for his<br /> feuilletons, but prefers dramatic work. His<br /> novel, “An Angel’s Remorse,” brought him<br /> 70,000 francs. De Montépm also works “A la<br /> ligne” and makes 70,000 frances a year with one<br /> novel. Times have changed since the days when<br /> the editor .of La Constitutionel was thought<br /> to be going out of his mind when he paid Eugene<br /> Sue 6000 francs for the serial rights of “ Les<br /> Mystéres de Paris.”<br /> <br /> &lt;I<br /> <br /> Richebourg, who is still one of the most succes-<br /> ful feuilletonists, was originally employed as a<br /> clerk in the offices of the “ Societé des Gens de<br /> Lettres.” His duty was to make up the author’s<br /> accounts with the provincial papers, and to pay<br /> over the large sum to which the members were<br /> entitled. He was paid for this work £80 a<br /> year. One day, struck by the large profits which<br /> the feuilletonists seemed to earn, he began<br /> reading some of ths feuilletons, for which he had<br /> paid over such large sum-. It then struck him<br /> that he could write as good stuff if not a jolly<br /> sight better. He tried it, succeeded, and in a<br /> very short time had increased his income thirty-<br /> fold. He is now a millionaire and has shed more<br /> blood in and caused more tears to flow over his<br /> pages than perhaps any living writer.<br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 62<br /> <br /> Jean Moréas, who by many is considered the<br /> first poet in France, is one of the most curious<br /> personalities in contemporary French literature.<br /> Of arestless temperament, he is constantly moving<br /> his chattels from one quarter of the town to<br /> another. I bave found him on the heights of<br /> Montmartre, and in remote Montrouge. Asa<br /> rule he is very mysterious about his address, and,<br /> being irrevocably noctambulist, is very rarely seen<br /> except at nights. He was the founder of the<br /> Symbolist school of poetry, and is now engaged in<br /> forming the Ecole Romane, the members of which<br /> are recruited amongst the dissidents fiom the<br /> former School, which was split into parties by the<br /> quarrels provoked by Huret&#039;s book on the literary<br /> movement in France. Moréas may sometimes be<br /> seen between the hours of ten o’clock and four<br /> in the mornmg, either walking the Boulevard St.<br /> Michael or sitting in some little frequented<br /> marchand de vin’s shop. His three or four<br /> disciples are always with him, and itis interesting<br /> to see how they hang upon his lips. Moréas is a<br /> thorough poet, and, as he walks along with his<br /> eyeglass fixed, he mutters his rhymes aloud. He<br /> publishes very rarely, and only after long elabo-<br /> ration His books, which are published in very<br /> small editions, are out of print, and copies fetch<br /> phenomenal prices. He is an excellent swordsman<br /> and has great personal courage. Iwas his second<br /> in one of his duels against Darzens, and really<br /> adwired the pluck with which he fought during<br /> an hour and a half.<br /> <br /> Rosert H. SHERARD.<br /> <br /> Paris, June 24.<br /> <br /> eae<br /> <br /> SONNET.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ON HEARING A FRIEND PLAYING REMINISCENCES OF<br /> WAGNER.<br /> <br /> Hark! in my soul, how those sweet concords flow ;<br /> Liquid and clear; like tardy summer rain,<br /> That drops—and stays—then hurries down again,<br /> The while soft winds begin to stir, and blow.<br /> <br /> I seem to see, beneath the still moonlight<br /> A Rhineland town; and, by some ancient tower,<br /> Two lovers who have known foul envy’s power<br /> Fled for communion in the quiet night.<br /> <br /> But all too fast the trancéd moments fly ;—<br /> They must not linger, murmuring heart to heart ;<br /> They hear the watchman’s solemn measured cry ;<br /> Yet cannot tear those passionate lips apart.<br /> <br /> The deep toned tower clock tolls the hour supreme,<br /> And music dies on love’s enraptured dream.<br /> <br /> Ziretua F. TomKIns.<br /> Acton, 1892.<br /> <br /> sree<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> WOMEN IN JOURNALISM.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> with modern journalism is the rapidity<br /> with which women have pressed into its<br /> ranks during the last ten years.<br /> <br /> When, a few months ago, the idea of a club<br /> for women journalists was promulgated, even its<br /> promoters felt some doubt as to whether there<br /> were a sufficient number of women engaged in<br /> newspaper work to make such an institution<br /> financially possible. But such fears were dissipated<br /> within a month of the time that the idea found<br /> articulate expression; and at this moment the<br /> Writers’ Club (within less than a year of its<br /> foundation) is a flourishing concern, with some<br /> hundreds of members, all of whom are engaged<br /> in literary, and the majority in newspaper work.<br /> <br /> These numbers constitute a sufficiently startling<br /> fact when we remember that journalism as a pro-<br /> fession for women is only a thing of yesterday;<br /> and in that consideration of it two aspects<br /> immediately present themselves to 2 thoughtful<br /> person :—<br /> <br /> (1.) Is the effect produced on journalism by<br /> this invasion of women a salutary one ?<br /> <br /> (2.) Is journalism a desirable method for<br /> women to earn their living ?<br /> <br /> With regard to the first question the answer<br /> must necessarily be of a cautious character, and<br /> will to a great extent depend upon the attitude<br /> taken up towards modern newspaper literature<br /> by the individual who answers it. Those who<br /> look upon the present condition of the press with<br /> unalloyed satisfaction, and those who consistently<br /> maintain in the face of anything in the way of<br /> proof or evidence that the influence of women in<br /> journalism, as in everything else, is necessarily a<br /> good one, will probably regard the situation from<br /> the optimistic point of view only. Those, how-<br /> ever, who prize that vigour and virility of senti-<br /> ment and writing which characterises the best<br /> masculine pens ; who deplore the personalities,<br /> gossip, and feminine tone which find so prominent<br /> a place in many of the papers; who value style<br /> and scholarship and humour, all of which stand<br /> a chance of being neglected if not lost, will see<br /> reason for regret that so. much of the literature<br /> of the day is written by women.<br /> <br /> Nowhere, in the opinion of the present writer,<br /> can this deteriorating and demoralising influence<br /> be seen to better advantage than in the society<br /> papers, which, however, it is only just to say are<br /> as much read by men as by women.<br /> <br /> There area large number of so-called high class<br /> society periodicals, the greater part of which con-<br /> sists of the vulgarest gossip and personalities<br /> <br /> N | OT the least striking feature in connection<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ave &gt;<br /> <br /> ibe<br /> <br /> a ia<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR. 63<br /> <br /> about the conversation, mode of life, and move-<br /> ments of persons who are in no sense of the word<br /> “‘ public ;’ who have distinguished themselves in<br /> no legitimate way, and often in no way at all<br /> outside existing; and whose “smartness,” or<br /> fastness, or money alone, make them the object<br /> of this rubbishing tittle-tattle. Whilst, however,<br /> a good portion of this literature is as harmless as<br /> it is stupid, the same cannot be said of the very<br /> latest development of feminine enterprise in the<br /> press, which seems likely to have a flourishing<br /> existence before it. This takes the form of<br /> a “lady’s letter,’ and is written ostensibly by a<br /> lady of fashion whose fastness not only goes to<br /> the verge of disreputability, but some way beyond<br /> it. She purports to give an account of her week’s<br /> doings, which generally include visits to music<br /> halls and other places not usually considered<br /> classic ground for decent women. Somewhere or<br /> other there is one “ Charlie’”’ or “ Jack ”’ in tow,<br /> and this accommodating husband invariably<br /> figures in the description so as to give the thing<br /> presumably an air of propriety. Let any im-<br /> partial person peruse some of this bare flippant<br /> worthless stuff now becoming so general, and ask<br /> himself whether it can have anything but a<br /> vicious effect on the brainless young persons (it<br /> is to be supposed they are young) who read it<br /> every week. But, even if these society papers are<br /> left out of account, it must be apparent to any<br /> one who has an intimate acquaintance with current<br /> newspaper literature, that the ewig weibliche<br /> strain is far too predominant, and that the<br /> hysterical and emasculate attitude taken up in<br /> some quarters on certain social and other ques-<br /> tions is a direct result of this feminine influence,<br /> Of course a large amount of respectable journalism<br /> is done by women, and is read by women; and<br /> the proof of this is to be found in the existence<br /> of so well written and ably conducted a paper as<br /> the Queen; and in the successful launching of<br /> the new paper for women, Hearth and Home,<br /> which has papers on purely literary topics written<br /> in excellent style. But (with the exception of a<br /> few individual women who have made their<br /> literary reputation elsewhere) the better sort of<br /> newspaper work, which includes leader writing,<br /> reviewing, and miscellaneous literary articles is not<br /> in the hands of women at all, whose main busi-<br /> ness is concerned with paragraphs and articles<br /> about social functions, the shops, fashions,<br /> cookery, home decoration, and reports of lectures,<br /> meetings, weddings, and so forth. To write<br /> <br /> successfully upon cookery and art decoration<br /> requires a certain amount of technical knowledge,<br /> and women who are well up in these subjects<br /> find a ready market and very good prices for<br /> Carried on legitimately<br /> <br /> their literary wares.<br /> <br /> —that is to say, without puffs and bribes—this<br /> seems a very suitable and desirable field for the<br /> action of the feminine pen. But—and this<br /> brings me to the second part of my inquiry—can<br /> much be said in praise of the work of the ordi-<br /> nary lady journalist, which involves the constant<br /> wear and tear of reporting, night work, severe<br /> physical strain; which necessitates, if she is to<br /> get on, an astounding exhibition of audacity and<br /> push, and which perpetually compels her to place<br /> her natural impulses of reserve and unaggressive-<br /> ness in the background, which includes the inter-<br /> viewing of persons who are not gentlemen, and<br /> the formation of promiscuous acquaintance ; and<br /> which, above all, forces her to write about worth-<br /> less trivialities, which, if she have any better sort<br /> of aspiration or literary taste, she heartily des-<br /> pises. As a set-off against these disadvantages,<br /> it must be admitted that a woman possessing but<br /> average intelligence and quickness (even if her<br /> education be of the most limited kind), can make<br /> a very fair living out of this sort of journalism;<br /> whilst a woman with moderate ability, with good<br /> education and a facile pen, and a quick eye, can<br /> make double the income earned by her scholarly<br /> sister who has graduated at Newnham, and become<br /> a high school teacher—which is only another<br /> way of stating that journalism is the one profes-<br /> sion, vocation, or trade, or whatever its enemies<br /> like to call it—in which the work of men and<br /> women is paid for at precisely the same prices.<br /> So far as I know, the real genuine life of the<br /> woman journalist has yet to be written, and would<br /> afford interesting and fresh ground for a female<br /> Thackeray, if she ever arises. What a pity it is<br /> that some enterprising Press lady does not herself<br /> give us her experiences, and “betray the secrets<br /> of the prison house.” We might then get a<br /> solution of the problem that has puzzled a good<br /> many of us, as to the reason that certain ladies,<br /> whose scholarship is as little evident as their shy-<br /> ness, are in the happy position of realising large<br /> incomes. A recipe given me by an artless and<br /> pretty young lady journalist, might be of some<br /> use to the future novelist : ‘ Oh, it’s quite easy to<br /> get heaps of work if the Editor ’s ‘gone on you.’”’<br /> It must be remembered the speaker had charming<br /> eyes and lips, but how about the women who are<br /> not young or attractive? For them there is<br /> nothing but hard work, unflagging alertness, per-<br /> severance, and patience. If they have not sound<br /> nerves and good health, God help them!<br /> <br /> x YZ.<br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 64<br /> <br /> AUTHORS BY PROFESSION.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> (Reprinted from the Speaker by kind permission<br /> of Professor Minto.)<br /> <br /> The first man who is known to have called<br /> himself an “author by profession’? — ‘ book-<br /> seller’s drudge,” or “‘ Grub-street hack,” was the<br /> less dignified and more common designation—<br /> was one William Guthrie, who wrote for the<br /> Gentleman’s Magazine before and along with<br /> Samuel Johnson, and produced some historical<br /> works of considerable merit. “Sir,” said his<br /> great contemporary of him, “he is a man of<br /> parts. He has no great regu&#039;ar fund of know-<br /> ledge; but by reading so long and writing so<br /> long, he no doubt has picked up a good deal.”<br /> But seeing that Guthrie eked out his income<br /> from the booksellers by soliciting and taking the<br /> pay of the Government, we had better leave him<br /> with this compliment. The Society of Authors<br /> would not be proud of him ; his modern analogue<br /> is to be found in the “reptile press’ of<br /> Germany.<br /> <br /> The first great “author by profession,” the<br /> first man who made a living by his writings and<br /> at the same time a classic reputation, was Samuel<br /> Johnson himself. His independent and practical<br /> spirit first put the profession or trade of author-<br /> ship on a sound footing, and substituted the<br /> capitalist for the patron. One of the letters<br /> recently published by Mr. Birkbeck Hill is a<br /> curious evidence of his business-like spirit. He<br /> writes to a correspondent and mentions various<br /> literary schemes suitable for “an inhabitant of<br /> Oxford.” But he adds: “I impart these designs<br /> to you in confidence, that what you do not make<br /> <br /> use of yourself shall revert to me uncommuni-’<br /> <br /> cated to any other. The schemes of a writer are<br /> his property and his revenue, and therefore they<br /> must not be made common.”<br /> <br /> A prior claim might be made for Pope, on the<br /> strength of two lines in one of his “ Imitations of<br /> Horace ”’—<br /> <br /> “ But (thanks to Homer) since I live and thrive<br /> Indebted to no Prince or Peer alive.”<br /> <br /> Pope certainly made more money out of his books<br /> than Johnson. Johnson got ten guineas for his<br /> “ London,” and 1500 for his Dictionary, whereas<br /> Pope made 8000 out of his translations of Homer.<br /> But Pope held the profession of authorship in<br /> high disdain. He was what, on the analogy of<br /> “ gentleman-farmer,” might be called a “ gentle-<br /> man-author.” He professed to write for the<br /> passing of time and the improvement of man-<br /> kind.<br /> <br /> The first authenticated sale of copyright by an<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> author is commonly said to be Milton’s sale of<br /> “ Paradise Lost” to Simmons. But money had<br /> often passed between publisher and author long<br /> before this. Fuller, the witty author of “The<br /> Worthies,” avows as one of his objects in<br /> publishing, “which he is not ashamed publicly<br /> to profess,” “ to procure a moderate profit to him-<br /> self, in compensation of his pains.” “ Hitherto,”<br /> he boasts, no stationer hath lost by me.” He<br /> published, however, by subscription ; that is, he<br /> had to act as his own commercial traveller.<br /> <br /> This was under the Commonwealth: Fuller, a<br /> Royalist clergyman, was driven to seek some<br /> “honest profit” out of books by the troubles of<br /> the times. But a century earlier there were men<br /> who made their living, or part of their living, by<br /> books, and yet made a certain name for them-<br /> selves in literary history. They were not all so<br /> fortunate as Sir Thomas Elyot, the author of the<br /> “The Governour,’ who, when accused by his<br /> friends of “neglecting his profit” in writing<br /> books, mentioned this to his readers, and assured<br /> them that he desired only their “gentyll report<br /> and assistance agaynst them which do hate all<br /> thynges which please not their fantasyes.”<br /> There were others who felt moved to write, and<br /> yet were under the necessity of trying, like Fuller,<br /> to get some compensation for their pains.<br /> <br /> How was it done in the days before copyright<br /> developed into a marketable commodity? The<br /> printers were protected by royal privilege, and it<br /> would seem that our earliest men of letters, from<br /> soon after the introduction of printing, eked out<br /> a livelihood as correctors of the press. This was<br /> a recognised resort for the poor scholar. In the<br /> times of persecution under Mary, several of the<br /> Protestant refugees settled at Basle, and this,<br /> Strype tells us, they did “upon two reasons.<br /> One was because the people of that city were<br /> especially very kind and courteous unto such<br /> English as came thither for shelter; the other,<br /> because those that were of slenderer fortunes<br /> might have employment in the printing-houses<br /> there, the printers of Basil in this age having<br /> the reputation of exceeding all others in that art<br /> throughout Germany, for the exactness and<br /> elegancy of their printing. And they rather<br /> chose Englishmen for the overseers and cor-<br /> rectors of their presses, being noted for the most<br /> careful and diligent of all others. Whereby<br /> many poor scholars made a shift to subsist in<br /> these hard times.”<br /> <br /> One of these was John Foxe, the historian of<br /> the martyrs, who obtained employment with the<br /> printer Oporinus (Herbst), to whom he offered<br /> his services in what Strype calls “a handsome<br /> epistle,” “wherein he desired to be received by<br /> him into his service, and that he would vouchsafe<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> LHE AOTHOR. 65<br /> <br /> to be his learned patron, being one that would<br /> be content with a small salary.”’<br /> <br /> Another early instance of the printer acting as<br /> learned patron is found in the case of Thomas<br /> Wilson, author of the first English treatises on<br /> logic and rhetoric. In the preface to his Logic<br /> (1552) he says :—“ Notwithstanding I must nedes<br /> confesse that the printer hereof, your Majestie’s<br /> Servaunt, provoked me firste hereunto, unto<br /> whome I have ever found myselfe greately<br /> beholdyng, not onely at my beyng in Cambridge,<br /> but also at al tymes els, when I most neded<br /> helpe.” This honourable printer was the famous<br /> Richard Grafton, of whom many creditable<br /> things are recorded in the chronicles of printing.<br /> <br /> Grafton’s partner in more than one of his enter-<br /> prises, notably in the printing of the New Testa-<br /> ment and the Bible, was Edward Whitchurch;<br /> and perhaps the very first authentic example of<br /> the author by profession was a “-ervant”? with<br /> Whitchurch, This was William Baldwin, an<br /> Oxford man. who lived by the press, not asa<br /> casual resource, or while waiting tor church pre-<br /> ferment, but till at least thirty years after taking<br /> his degree, his only other ascertained employment<br /> being some share in the preparation of entertain-<br /> ments for the Court.<br /> <br /> Baldwin is said to hive set up with his own<br /> hands the type of his metrical version of the<br /> Canticles ; but that, nevertheless, he held what<br /> might be called a good literary position is proved<br /> by his share in the “ Mirror for Magistrates.”<br /> When Wayland, a printer of Mary’s time, projected<br /> a continuation in English verse of Boccaccio’s “ De<br /> Casibus Virorum Illustrium,” it was to Baldwin<br /> he went with the idea; and the modest Baldwin,<br /> though he would not undertake the work single-<br /> handed, seems to have had no difficulty in getting<br /> men of note to work under his editorship.<br /> <br /> This is an interesting example of the early<br /> relations between authors and publishers. Caxton<br /> was often his own author; but he was soon<br /> followed by others wh:, though they could not<br /> write themselves, could see where there was an<br /> opening for talent. Ido not know of any instance<br /> where the printer has suggested his subject to a<br /> man of genius, and I rather doubt whether any<br /> such instance is tv be found; but the sagacious<br /> foresight of the printer has undoubtedly often<br /> been profitable in this way to authors of talent.<br /> Thomas Wilson is not the only author who has<br /> been “ greately beholdynge” to a publisher for a<br /> timely suggestion, though not a few may have<br /> found their employer, as Johnson found Cave, a<br /> “‘penurious paymaster.” This also was in the<br /> nature of things.<br /> <br /> W. Minto.<br /> <br /> CORRESPONDENCE.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ee<br /> Usrrut Booxs.<br /> Me I suggest that the very valuable<br /> <br /> list of books, useful to authors as works<br /> <br /> of reference, published in the Author,<br /> would have an enhanced value if those kind<br /> enough to submit the lists of their favourites<br /> would append price, which they would no doubt<br /> willingly do if you drew attention to the want of<br /> such information by others as well as<br /> <br /> J. D. Hurcrsson.<br /> <br /> &lt;a<br /> <br /> iT,<br /> Dors tHe HicHer Literature Pay?<br /> <br /> Most phrases, in these days, are but shams.<br /> But if there should happen to be some truth<br /> in the phrase ‘‘ Republic of Letters,” I may,<br /> perhaps, be permitted to question, with Repub-<br /> lican freedom, certain dicta of our honoured<br /> editor. He “can see no ‘higher form’ of<br /> literature at all, unless it be poetry.” And<br /> philosophy—in which, of course, the whole round<br /> of the sciences is included—he declares to be, “so<br /> far as he can discover,” no higher a form of litera-<br /> ture than “essays, or biography, or fiction.”<br /> Literature, then, is to be judged by what it con-<br /> tributes to human amusement, not by what it<br /> contributes to human progress. And the essayists,<br /> and biographers, and novelists of, say, the last<br /> three hundred years, are all, as authors, on a<br /> level of equality with—if, indeed, considering the<br /> greater amount of amusement they have given,<br /> not ona much higher level than—such philoso-<br /> phers as Bacon and Newton, and Hobbes, and<br /> Locke, and Hume, and all the scientific dis-<br /> coverers put together down to Darwin and<br /> Spencer, classics though their chief works will<br /> certainly remain long after—<br /> <br /> Rudyards cease from kipling,<br /> And Haggards ride no more.<br /> <br /> I trust that I may be allowed to record my strong<br /> protest against judging literature, in the large<br /> sense of the word, by a standard so low as that<br /> which places “essays, and biography, and<br /> fiction” on a level with works m which the laws<br /> of the universe, and of man’s nature and history<br /> are being progressively revealed.<br /> <br /> Our editor is also certain that “the :eading<br /> public is wise enough and clever enough to dis-<br /> cover the great genius, and even the little genius,<br /> as soon as ever he appears.”” And in verification<br /> <br /> of this assertion, he “instances Messrs. Stevenson,<br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 66<br /> <br /> Rudyard Kipling, and J.M. Barrie.” That such<br /> a thing exists as philosophic and scientific genius,<br /> as distinguished from the sort of genius that<br /> “the reading public can discern as soon as ever it<br /> appears,” is not recognised by oureditor. Had it,<br /> indeed, been recognised, our editor’s contention in<br /> his “‘ Notes” for June could not have been main-<br /> tained for a moment. That contention is, that<br /> there 1s no possibility now, in the wide bounds of<br /> the Republic of Leiters, of the existence of such<br /> an unfortunate as ‘“‘a neglected anda starving<br /> genius.” Possibly this may be so, if the term<br /> “genius” is limited to those who have a genius<br /> for amusing. Butif the term is used in its larger,<br /> and indeed, ordinary sense, to include philosophic<br /> and scientific genius, I say that, under present<br /> conditions in this country, genius, if it takes up<br /> philosophy or science, will almost certainly en-<br /> counter both ‘‘ neglect and starvation,” if it is<br /> not, by private fortune, made independent of the<br /> discernment of ‘the wise and clever reading<br /> public.”<br /> <br /> For what are the facts? Not a single one of<br /> all the men of philosophic and scientific genius<br /> abovenamed or alluded to, could have pursued<br /> those philosophic and scientific researches which<br /> are the chief glory of English literature, had it<br /> not been for private fortune, or the aid of private<br /> friends. “If a man,’ says our editor, “is a<br /> writer of ‘solid’ literature, he is a professor or<br /> lecturer, a fellow of his college, a teacher of some<br /> kind.” Possibly, if it is very ‘“ solid literature,”<br /> this may be so. But if it is highly original<br /> literature, immensely advancing human thought,<br /> and hence social progress—yet, for that very<br /> reason, neither decorously dull, nor prettily<br /> “amusing ’’—the author of it, a Darwin, or a<br /> Spencer, for instance, will have no change of a<br /> professorship, and, if he is without private<br /> fortune, will have but the dire alternative of<br /> starvation, or abandonment of his work. Except;<br /> perhaps, he were a mathematician, hardly one of<br /> the great thinkers and discoverers, to whom<br /> English literature chiefly owes its place among<br /> literatures, was a professor, or would probably—<br /> notwithstanding “the wisdom, and cleverness,<br /> and quick discernment of the reading public ”»—<br /> have been allowed to become a professor. For<br /> consider these two significant facts :<br /> <br /> The late Lord Giffard, in 1887, bequeathed<br /> £80,000 to found, at the Scottish Universities,<br /> four Lectureship on Natural Theology, in nominat-<br /> ing to which he enjoined, in the most express<br /> language which it was possible to use, that these<br /> lectures should be made the means of stimulating<br /> the freest scientific discussion on religious sub-<br /> jects, even to the denial of the existence of a God,<br /> if that should be the conclusion of any mani-<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> festly earnest thinker. What has been the<br /> result? Not the encouragement of new thinkers,<br /> as intended by the testator, but an ampler<br /> endowment either of orthodox Christians or of<br /> men whose scientific opinions have been before<br /> the world for the last thirty years and more, and<br /> which are now, to say the least, very seriously<br /> questioned, if not altogether overthrown by the<br /> later results of scientific research. Or consider<br /> another fact, of which the reader will find fuller<br /> particulars in a paper by Lord Rayleigh, Sec.<br /> R. S., in Mature, 12th May, 1892. Nearly half a<br /> century ago (1845) the now received scientific<br /> theory of gases was anticipated by a Mr. J. J.<br /> Waterston. But his paper—now, at length,<br /> published by the Royal Society im full—was, at<br /> the time, reported on as nothing but nonsense,<br /> unfit even for reading before the Royal Society.<br /> “Little chance for such a genius of gaining his<br /> living as a ‘ professor.’ ”’<br /> <br /> J. S. Sruart GLENNIE.<br /> <br /> [Granted the fact that scientific research does<br /> not by itself suffice to keep a man ; there remains<br /> the additional fact that this is recognised, and<br /> that no scientific man tries to live by research. So<br /> that there is no such thing as a scientific genius<br /> who is starving. I did not say that there could<br /> be no such thing, but that there is not, any more<br /> than there is a starving poet. I venture to<br /> reassert my claim that there is no kind of<br /> literature higher than another, unless it be<br /> poetry.—W. B.]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> III.<br /> ANOTHER SIDE.<br /> <br /> In the Author for April was a _ story—<br /> imagined of course—about a plain yuung writress<br /> —I use the adjective as we say “a plain man,” un<br /> homme moyen—who attained to constant publica-.<br /> tion and high pay by nobbling editors in a—<br /> what shall I say ?—physiological manner. It<br /> was a good story. Every story is good until<br /> another is told. And the teller of the other story<br /> in this case is “ Georges de Peyrebrune ” (whose<br /> legal status is Mme. Mathilde-Georgina-Hliza-<br /> beth de Judicis) in “Le Roman d’un Bas Bleu”<br /> (Ollendorff, 1892). This new novel is supposed<br /> to disclose the Confessions of another young<br /> littératrice who is by no means so plain and down-<br /> right as our own young person, and who declares<br /> that whenever a (French) journal or a review is.<br /> directed by men, no authoress can get anything<br /> inserted without “submitting to the exigencies<br /> of these gentlemen.” Is this the moment to<br /> quote our pseudo-Yorick, and say: “They order<br /> this matter better in France?” ‘That is not what<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR. 67<br /> <br /> Mile. Sylvere du Parclet says in this realistic<br /> novel. If we believe her, every (French) editor’s<br /> sanction is “the grotto of a satyr,” and the inter-<br /> views between Mlle. Sylvére and the autocrat of<br /> the grave and learned Revue des Universités,<br /> with his fine tawny beard and his inflammatory<br /> grey eyes, are of the most stirring actuality.<br /> Sylvére, of course, rises superior to the occasion,<br /> to all the occasions; but the depressing result is<br /> that virtue is her own and only reward, for the<br /> word goes about, and “no newspaper, no maga-<br /> zine, will accept anything more from her.” All<br /> she has to do is to disappear from literary life.<br /> But before doing so, she determines to have her<br /> revenge in writing this novel, of which the real<br /> authoress in the flesh is now—may one be indis-<br /> creet enough to stater—in her 46th year. She<br /> has written some sixteen successful books, several<br /> of which have passed through the Revue des<br /> Deux Mondes. One supposes la moralité, or<br /> shall we say the morality of all this, lies in the<br /> fact that neither story, neither the French nor<br /> the English, is true. Both can’t be, surely?<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TV.<br /> BopENSTEDT.<br /> <br /> Germany is not forgetful of her writers. The<br /> grave has hardly closed over her poet Frederich<br /> von Bodenstedt, when a committee is appointed<br /> in Wiesbaden, his home, to collect funds for a<br /> national memorial to the creator of Mirza Schaffy,<br /> the poet-philosopher. In the appeal sent forth<br /> from this committee is the note, that Bodenstedt<br /> will live in the minds of Ger mans of all shades of<br /> politics or thought; but, “a nation only honours<br /> itself when it shows itself thankful to its mind-<br /> heroes, even after the grave has received their<br /> mortal remains,’ Frederich von Bodenstedt had<br /> a marvellous knowledge of English literature; a<br /> list of his works on Shakespeare would fill a<br /> column of the Author, and in his last letter to<br /> me, he refers to the demand for a new edition of<br /> his translation of Shakespeare’s Sonnets; and I<br /> well remember, the last time I was with him in<br /> his study in Wiesbaden, his outburst of sarcasm<br /> and anger when a Halle Professor asked him his<br /> opinion as to the Bacon authorship of Shakes-<br /> peare. His powerful brain (he had an immense<br /> head) and abnormal memory made him a most<br /> interesting conversationalist ; but perhaps I may<br /> be allowed to speak of him more fully at another<br /> date.<br /> <br /> James Baxur.<br /> <br /> Vv.<br /> Press Copies.<br /> <br /> As, from a reference in this month’s issue of<br /> the Author to a letter of mine which appeared in<br /> the last August number, advocating the abolition<br /> of presentation copies of books to the press, it<br /> might appear that there are insurmountable<br /> objections to the proposal bemg carried out, I<br /> would like to be allowed to state my case again,<br /> and perhaps strengthen it in the light of further<br /> experience<br /> <br /> A journal is conducted for the profit of its<br /> owner. He does all he can to interest his readers,<br /> and enhance its circulation. Reviews of books<br /> are inserted because it is believed that they will<br /> interest the readers, and thereby assist the sale of<br /> the paper. Some books that are sent to be<br /> reviewed are not reviewed, because it is believed<br /> that an account of them would not interest the<br /> readers. The readers of the paper (the public)<br /> are the persons considered in deciding whether a<br /> book shall be reviewed or not. The author of<br /> the work is not considered, because the review is<br /> not written for his benefit. The review is written<br /> for the benefit of the paper, the profit of the<br /> proprietor, not for that of the author. The<br /> author may benefit by the review. The review<br /> may be unfavourable to the author, even inju-<br /> rious. To say that the object of the review is<br /> the injury of the author is as much reason as to<br /> say that the object is his benefit. The result of<br /> the review to the author, its benefit or detriment<br /> to him, is accidental and incidental.<br /> <br /> Books are now given to journals for review so<br /> that the author may benefit by the publicity thus<br /> obtained. He does not always obtain this pub-<br /> licity. The publicity is not always to his benefit.<br /> <br /> By presenting copies to the press, the author or<br /> publisher asks for the benefit of publicity. The<br /> proprietor of the journal gives or refuses it ac-<br /> cording as he thinks it will interest his readers or<br /> not—will or will ‘not advance his own interests.<br /> The author or publisher does not take up an in-<br /> dependent position. The newspaper proprietor<br /> would be bound to come to him for the sake of<br /> the interests of his paper, his own interests, if<br /> the author or publisher did not run after him.<br /> The author or publisher sacrifices his position and<br /> his dignity. He seems to think that only he<br /> gains through the review, whereas the journal<br /> gains as much through him as he does through<br /> it. The author or publisher, when he advertises<br /> a book, does not plead that the announcement is<br /> for the benefit of the paper or the public, and<br /> should therefore not be charged for. That would<br /> <br /> be as reasonable as the plea that the review is<br /> for the benefit of the author, and therefore should<br />  <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 68<br /> <br /> be paid for (by presentation of a copy of the<br /> book).<br /> <br /> No matter how the anomaly of asking for a<br /> review has come about, the position is now a false<br /> one, and the review is not areturn service for<br /> the presentation of the book. That there is<br /> not always a review in return for it proves that.<br /> <br /> Were journals to purchase the books they want<br /> to review, there would no longer be the scandal of<br /> presentation copies of books, both reviewed and<br /> unreviewed, being sold by the needy or greedy<br /> into whose hands they fall.<br /> <br /> The Author should be the sole exception in<br /> favour of a press copy, because it is the organ of<br /> the authors’ own organisation, and to present a<br /> copy for review by its own organisation would be<br /> furthering the author’s own interests.<br /> <br /> The proposal is this. Let copies be sent to the<br /> press, exactly as is done now. Let the books that<br /> are not reviewed be returned to the sender. Let<br /> the books that are retained for review be paid for<br /> by the proprietor of the journal. Thus can the<br /> anomaly of “ press copies’ be abolished, and the<br /> independence of authors and of the press be more<br /> firmly established.<br /> <br /> H. Hazs.<br /> <br /> [The question is referred to on p. 53.]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> VI.<br /> Epitor OR PROPRIETOR ?<br /> <br /> In the year 1888, I was asked by the editor<br /> of a paper well known and widely circulated in<br /> Ireland, to write a weekly letter for it; the<br /> payment to be a guinea a week. I wrote for three<br /> months, and then sent a note to the manager to<br /> remind him. In answer to this I got a cheque<br /> fo the amount due, and (as I knew the editor<br /> personally) I wrote to him to say I had received<br /> the money. He was just then in Paris, and<br /> replied as follows: “I am glad you have had<br /> your cheque from It is ‘sure henceforth to<br /> be sent regularly every quarter. . . . ‘Out<br /> of Town’ would now be a good title to your<br /> letters. I read your last one here, and thought it<br /> very good.” Now comes the curious part of the<br /> story. Hardly had I received the editor’s letter<br /> from Paris before an intimation was sent me<br /> from the manager that no more letters would be<br /> required till the following spring; it was then<br /> Autumn, and somehow it was clear tome that I<br /> was “chucked.” I wrote to the editor again, but<br /> only got a vague and unsatisfactory answer.<br /> Can anybody explain the matter ?<br /> <br /> [The explanation is that the proprietor of the<br /> <br /> paper was also the manager. The editor should<br /> have explained that his power was limited. ]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> VIL.<br /> An Opiicinec PUBLISHER.<br /> <br /> Here is an incident that may amuse and<br /> perhaps instruct your readers :<br /> <br /> A woman of fashion, wealthy, and a widow,<br /> having no occupation, and desiring distinction,<br /> resolved to become an author. Having taken the<br /> first. step towards the fulfilment of her desire, and<br /> written hundreds of pages of balderdash, she<br /> submitted them to a publisher—a man of fair<br /> repute, well known and much beloved. So greatly<br /> was he struck by the excellence of the story and<br /> the certainty of success, that he generously<br /> offered to produce it for the sum of £150 payable<br /> on or before date of publication. This sum was<br /> willingly given to so gracious a benefactor. The<br /> young novelist’s knowledge of the literary world<br /> may be gauged when ’tis mentioned she, anxious<br /> for a good review in the Morning Post, actually<br /> wrote to the editor asking what his price was for<br /> a favourable notice !<br /> <br /> In due time her book was born and damned.<br /> This she was assured was the fate of all first<br /> novels, and, nothing daunted, fearing nothing, she<br /> wrote a second story. As proof of the paternal<br /> kindness of publishers to young authors it may<br /> be stated that the same publisher consented to<br /> produce the second novel on the same terms as<br /> the first. Before this arrangement was completed<br /> she wisely bought herself a husband—and she<br /> published no more.<br /> <br /> Firzerratp Mo.Luoy.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> VIII.<br /> LivERATURE AND INDEPENDENCE.<br /> <br /> I should like to be allowed to say that I<br /> concur cordially in Mr. Lecky’s view, that young<br /> men without independent means should not<br /> attempt the higher forms of literature. The<br /> more distinct their literary success, the more<br /> certain (while they remain nameless) will be<br /> the refusal of their work on every hand. And<br /> for this reason. In all the higher forms of<br /> literature, imaginative and other, there is ever<br /> a didactic or philosophic vein—a tone of freedom,<br /> privilege, and authority —and this the public<br /> will not receive from any writer who has not<br /> already made a name. &lt;A certain degree of<br /> commercial success, which has no necessary<br /> identity with literary success, gives him the<br /> required status. One must not, unless or until<br /> one is somebody, presume to teach; what is<br /> power in the acknowledged man is pretentiousness<br /> in the unacknowledged. It has been asked, what<br /> are the higher forms of literature, and what the<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> i hd eed Oe ee<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR,<br /> <br /> lower? The higher forms of literature are the<br /> intellectual forms, those which are exhibited in<br /> works which appeal to brain and culture in the<br /> reader. The reader in whom these properties are<br /> non-resident will lay aside such works as tedious<br /> and unprofitable ; he does quite right ; to him they<br /> are unprofitable, and he represents ninety-nine<br /> hundredths of the reading public. The higher<br /> form of literature, whether embodied in poetry,<br /> history, the drama, or the novel, is always<br /> immediately recognisable by this stamp of intel-<br /> lectuality. It is intellectual, and appeals to the<br /> intellect ; where there is no intellect to respond it<br /> is an inert factor, and this explains the coldness<br /> of publishers towards works which are truly<br /> worthy of production and fit to live—for intellec-<br /> tual readers form a pitiful minority. To speak of<br /> fiction, it may be said without offence that the<br /> large majority of novels have no discoverable<br /> intellectuality, and these—for the distinct reason<br /> of their inferiority—often sell in tens of thousands.<br /> I would suggest, at any rate, to any young man<br /> meaning to attempt the higher forms of litera-<br /> ture, that he first attempt that yet ‘“ higher”<br /> form recommended by your able Paris correspon-<br /> dent as a passport to literary acceptance, by<br /> standing on his head on the point of Cleopatra’s<br /> Needle for twenty-four hours! He might, after<br /> achieving that distinction, be as ironical as<br /> Thackeray, as sanguine as George Eliot, as dog-<br /> matic as Carlyle, and society would bow to his<br /> decisions. O tempora! O mores!<br /> <br /> C. Davenport JoNEs.<br /> <br /> Doc:<br /> <br /> “AT THE AUTHOR&#039;S HEAD.”<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> “ My Stewardship,” by E. McQueen Gray (Me-<br /> thuen). This is a book of which one is induced<br /> at first merely to say that it carries one on with<br /> increasing interest to the end. But it is more.<br /> The book is a seriously subtle revelation of a<br /> character grown, by long indulgence, solitude,<br /> and disappointment, soured and selfish to the last:<br /> degree. The lady concerned relates the tale, and<br /> with it, reveals herself. It is a remarkable<br /> study.<br /> <br /> “The Desert Ship,” a novel, by Jno. Bloundelle-<br /> Burton, author of “ The Silent Shore,” and ‘“ His<br /> Own Enemy,” is now running as a serial in<br /> Old and Young. Arrangements are being made<br /> for its production also in Australia and the<br /> United States in a similar manner, as well as in<br /> volume form in London, The story has already<br /> <br /> 69<br /> <br /> attracted attention from some of the London<br /> newspapers.<br /> <br /> Professor Max Miiller’s lectures on “India”<br /> are to appear in a new edition. Mr. Gifford’s<br /> lectures will also advance to a new edition of the<br /> first volume, and the first appearance of the<br /> fourth volume (Longmans.)<br /> <br /> The “Idylls of the Queen,” by William Alfred<br /> Gibbs (Sampson Low and Co.) is just ready.<br /> Whatever profits may accrue from the sale of<br /> the book are to be given to the fund for help-<br /> ing wives and children of our soldiers and<br /> sailors.<br /> <br /> John Bickerdyke has just completed, for<br /> Sampson Low, Marston, and Co., a revision of<br /> the late J. G. Ffennell’s ‘Book of the Roach,”<br /> an exhaustive work, concerning the most popular<br /> of the British fishes. The new edition to which<br /> an introductory chapter and numerous other<br /> additions have been made by the editor, will first<br /> appear, in serial form, in the Mshing Gazette.<br /> The “ Book of the Roach” was published about<br /> twenty years ago by Longmans, and is still the<br /> only work devoted to the subject. Since its<br /> publication roach anglers have increased amaz-<br /> ingly. There are in London alone about 12,000<br /> working men anglers, members of clubs, and who<br /> one and all are roach fishers.<br /> <br /> Of Miss Augusta A. Varty-Smith’s novel<br /> “Matthew Tindale,’ Mr. Gladstone writes :— It<br /> is not commonplace or conventional. Were it a<br /> jailure I should say magnis tamen excidit ausis.<br /> ‘Matthew Tindale’ is a great conception power-<br /> fully expressed. I think the verdict was wrong,<br /> but with being able to suggest any easy or satis-<br /> factory escape from the situation.~ It cannot, I<br /> think, be doubted that the writer capable of con-<br /> ceiving and setting out Matthew is possessed of<br /> a gift.”<br /> <br /> Mr. Edric Vredenburg is at present engaged on<br /> a story that will shortly appear as a serial in the<br /> Weekly Dispatch.<br /> <br /> Lady Fairlie Cuninghame publishes “A Wan-<br /> dering Star” with Messrs. Ward and Downey.<br /> <br /> Mr. G. H. Jennings has produced (Horace Cox,<br /> Law Times Office) the Third Edition of his<br /> “ Anecdotal History of the British Parliament.”<br /> The Dictionary is arranged under the heads of<br /> Statesmen. For instance, under the heading<br /> “Sir Robert Peel,’ there are eleven pages of<br /> anecdotes, covering the whole of the career of<br /> this great minister. An excellent reprint of an<br /> old friend.<br />  <br /> <br /> 79<br /> <br /> Mr. E. J. Goodman’s “The Best Tour in<br /> Norway” is now ready. The publishers are<br /> Sampson Low, Marston, and Company. The<br /> illustrations and the map are beautiful—the<br /> narrative is bright, clever, and picturesque. It<br /> ought to be a handbook for the route followed.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> “Suffering London” is an appeal on behalf<br /> of voluntary hospitals by A. Egmont-Halle. The<br /> book has already gone through nearly five thou-<br /> sand copies—which, in a rough-and-ready way,<br /> speaks for it. There is a preface, giving in brief<br /> the history of medieval hospitals by Walter<br /> Besant.<br /> <br /> The fact that the “ Vision of Martyrs,” by the<br /> Rey. James Bownes, has gone into another edition<br /> shows that religious poetry, at least, is not dead.<br /> Besides the larger poem the little volume contains<br /> hymns and other verses filled with the religious<br /> spirit.<br /> <br /> In the“ Fairy Ballad Book” theauthor of “ Endy-<br /> mion’s Dream ” has told five-and-twenty stories<br /> —are they all old?—in verse. They are fairy<br /> stories, told quite simply. It ought to become a<br /> favourite with children.<br /> <br /> “Songs of Universal Life.” By Marcus 8. C,<br /> Rickards, M.A., F.1.S., is published by J. Baker<br /> and Son, Clifton. They are verses written by one<br /> who is a true lover of nature, one who would<br /> make of the common objects which he sees around<br /> him a ladder to the higher philosophy. The<br /> poetry is simple and unstrained; the thoughts<br /> rise at times to an unexpected level.<br /> <br /> “Conversations with Carlyle,” by Sir Charles<br /> Gavin Duffy, K.C.M.G., appeared originally in<br /> the Contemporary Review. They are conversa-<br /> tions which took place as far back&#039;as 1845. They<br /> were preserved by being written down every da<br /> while the memory was fresh. The book is like<br /> another volume added to the “ Past and Present”<br /> and “Sartor Resartus.”’<br /> <br /> The Cassell Publishing Company, New York,<br /> have just brought out a one volume novelette,<br /> “By a Himalayan Lake,” which appeared as a<br /> serial in.the Pictorial World, by “An Idle<br /> Exile.” This author’s - “Indian Idyls,” and<br /> “In Tent and Bungalow,” collections of short<br /> stories of Anglo-Indian sport and society, have<br /> already been published this year by the same<br /> firm, and have beer very flatteringly noticed by<br /> the American Press in all parts of the country.<br /> <br /> “Twelve Men of To-day” (Chapman and<br /> Hall, 1s.) is a portrait gallery of twelve “ celebri-<br /> ties.” Literature is represented by Sir Edwin<br /> <br /> Arnold and Rudyard Kipling.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> Messrs. Methuen, publishers in this country of<br /> “In Tent and Bungalow,” have in the press for<br /> the coming season a children’s illustrated book<br /> by “An Idle Exile,” entitled « Only a Guard.<br /> room Dog,” descriptive of soldiers’ adventures<br /> in the Egyptian War and in India,<br /> <br /> Mrs. Edith E. Cuthell’s new yachting serial<br /> “The Wee Widow’s Cruise,” is to run this<br /> summer in the Lady’s Pictorial, and she has just<br /> completed for Cassell’s Magazine two serials,<br /> One, “The Story of a Glamour,” will appear<br /> shortly.<br /> <br /> “The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle,” a<br /> story of the 13th century, founded on an old<br /> chronicle, by Mrs. Edith E. Cuthell and the Rey.<br /> A. J. Foster, will be published this season by<br /> Messrs. Nelson.<br /> <br /> The collection of “ Black and White”’ drawings<br /> <br /> (with the results when reproduced by various<br /> <br /> processes), may be seen on any Wednesdays in<br /> June and July, between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. in<br /> Mr. Henry Blackburn’s studio, 123, Victoria-<br /> street, Westminster.<br /> <br /> The “ Jolly Pashas,” the Story of an Unphilan-<br /> thropic Society, is Mr. John A. Stewart’s new<br /> volume. It forms part of the “ Whitefriars<br /> Library of Wit and Humour” (Henry and Co.),<br /> This little library now numbers fifteen volumes,<br /> some very good, some not quite so good. This<br /> book belongs to the former kind,<br /> <br /> Mr. Powis Hoult’s Dialogues on the “ Efficiency o<br /> of Prayer” should have been noticed in the last _<br /> <br /> number of the Author. The book represents a<br /> controversy between four combatants—two who<br /> affirm and two who deny.. There are in all<br /> eight dialogues.<br /> <br /> It does not require the appreciative memoir<br /> of the author by Henry James to create curiosity<br /> as to the literary work of the late Wolcot<br /> Balestier, presented to the world by his friend<br /> Mr. William Heinemann. Here are three or<br /> four stories, all that is left—except his book<br /> collaborated with Rudyard Kipling. The little<br /> ook is called “The Average Woman.”<br /> <br /> Mr. Alfred Sidgwick has published, through<br /> Longmans, his new book called ‘“ Distinction;<br /> and the Criticism of Beliefs.” This announce-<br /> ment should have been made last month, but was<br /> omitted by accident.<br /> <br /> Dr. Farrar’s Sermons, called “In the Days of —<br /> my Youth,” preached to the boys of Marlborough<br /> in the seventies, have gone into their ninth edition<br /> (Macmillan and Co.),<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Litt?<br /> <br /> 1<br /> <br /> Wealden Painters<br /> ©1892.”<br /> <br /> COS<br /> <br /> tis<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE<br /> <br /> Mr. J. Stanley Little has issued a pamphlet<br /> from the office of the West Sussex Gazette,<br /> Arundel, and the Artist, London, entitled ‘‘ The<br /> at the Summer Exhibition,<br /> Mr. Little traces the growth of the small<br /> band of English romanticists settled in the<br /> <br /> “Weald of Sussex, Surrey, and Kent, and giving<br /> <br /> a<br /> <br /> Mark Fisher, A. D. Peppercorn, Wm. Hstall, and<br /> G. Lion Little as its leaders, he has shown how<br /> <br /> -the Norwich, Nottingham, and Barbizon schools<br /> - are the natural fathers in an artistic sense of the<br /> <br /> oo<br /> =<br /> <br /> Kage SS pom. Bh<br /> <br /> ag<br /> <br /> a<br /> <br /> ae<br /> <br /> m<br /> Se<br /> <br /> fh<br /> <br /> vot<br /> Sey<br /> <br /> s&amp;s<br /> bers<br /> <br /> itt<br /> <br /> bE<br /> at<br /> al<br /> wh<br /> <br /> « entitled ‘‘ Gods and Men.”<br /> <br /> school of the Weald.<br /> <br /> Mr. Arthur Dillon has issued a book of verses<br /> The volume contains<br /> his drama, “King Cophetua and the Beggar<br /> <br /> ; Maid.”<br /> <br /> A committee has been formed which has for its<br /> object the placing of a memorial tablet of the<br /> <br /> slate Mrs. J. Dallas-Glyn in the Shakespeare<br /> <br /> Museum at Stratford-on-Avon. ‘The memorial is<br /> to consist of a medallion in white marble, the<br /> <br /> execution of which has been entrusted to Mr. A.<br /> » E. L. Rost, a son of the Oriental scholar.<br /> &#039;scriptions may be paid to Mrs. J. Morgan<br /> | Richards, 56, Lancaster-gate, W., who is acting<br /> <br /> Sub-<br /> <br /> as hon. treasurer.<br /> <br /> Heinrich Heine’s “Italian Travel Sketches,”<br /> <br /> | translated by Elizabeth A. Sharp, has just been<br /> <br /> issued in the Scott Library Series.<br /> <br /> When Mr. J. Stanley Little first urged apon<br /> the people of Sussex, and especially upon the<br /> <br /> ) citizens of Horsham, the desirability of celebrating<br /> <br /> in a becoming fashion the centenary of Shelley’s<br /> birth, the proposal fell flat. Now, however, there<br /> is every prospect of something being done. Public<br /> meetings have been held and a representative<br /> committee appointed, and a manifesto is to be<br /> issued to the English-speaking people, backed by<br /> signatures of eminent men of letters, asking for<br /> help in the founding of a Shelley Memorial<br /> Library and Museum. There is also to be a<br /> public meeting on August 4 at Horsham.<br /> <br /> The Forum for July will contain an article by<br /> Mr. Walter Besant, on “The Encouragements of<br /> the Literary Life.”<br /> <br /> Mr. Frank Mathew makes his first appearance<br /> in the Jdler with a very powerful Irish story,<br /> “A Connemara Miracle.” The members of the<br /> <br /> Idlers’ Club have settled in their customary airy<br /> fashion, the best way to reach the North Pole.<br /> Guy de Maupessant contributes a short, but<br /> laughable, tale, and Mr. James Payn is at his<br /> best in the story of his first book, which would<br /> appear to have been “The Family Scapegrace”<br /> <br /> AUTHOR.<br /> <br /> ay<br /> <br /> although most people pin their faith to “ Lost<br /> Sir Massingberd.” A new feature is “ People I<br /> have never met,” by Scott Rankin. Apropos of<br /> the Jdler music hall articles, Mr. G. B.<br /> Burgin is the author of a story showing that<br /> narrowmindedness is still rife in the Land of<br /> Cakes. A little village, far up in the Highlands,<br /> some few months ago, took to its rugged bosom a<br /> young Free Church minister. Of course the<br /> feminine members of the congregation evinced a<br /> deep interest in all his movements ; they felt it<br /> their duty to watch over him and “keep his title<br /> clear, to mansions in the skies,” the more so that<br /> the Manse itself was a trifle out of repair, and<br /> leaked a good deal in rough weather. Certain<br /> old dames noticed that the new minister bought<br /> the Jdler regularly at the village shop. .They<br /> had never heard of the magazine in question.<br /> All they knew about it was that it sported a<br /> salmon-pink cover. Fearing that the minister<br /> was falling from the paths of rectitude by per-<br /> using such a flightly-looking publication, they<br /> determined to purchase a copy and to sit in judg-<br /> ment on it. The magazine, unfortunately for<br /> the minister, opened at the portrait of Miss Lottie<br /> Collins. After a moment of silent consterna-<br /> tion, the old lady who held it, carefully dropped<br /> the magazine into the fire with a groan: “ Losh<br /> me, the hizzie,” she exclaimed in tearful tones.<br /> “‘ What’s the Free Kirk come to now!” The<br /> minister, however, has not yet resigned.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ee<br /> <br /> NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Theology.<br /> <br /> Barnpriage, Purp. The Day-Dawn from on High.<br /> Some thoughts on Pre-Christian religions completed<br /> in Christ. J. Masters and Co. Paper covers.<br /> <br /> Cunyne, Rev. T. K. Aids to the Devout Study of<br /> Criticism. Part I—The David Narratives. 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Hodder and Stoughton. 3s.<br /> <br /> McCiymont, Rev. J. A. The New Testament and its<br /> Writers. A. and C. Black, Edinburgh. Paper<br /> covers, 6d.<br /> <br /> Nyx, G.H.F. The Church and Her Story, with Ilustra-<br /> tions. Griffith, Farran. Paper covers, 1s. 6d. net.<br /> <br /> Rivineton, Rev. L. The English Martyrs, or Where is<br /> Continuity P A Sermon. Kegan Paul. Paper covers,<br /> 6d.<br /> <br /> Ryuze, H. E. The Canon of the Old Testament: an Essay<br /> on the Gradual Growth and Formation of the Hebrew<br /> Canon of Scripture. Macmillan. 6s.<br /> <br /> Sincnair, ARcHDEAcON. The Church: Invisible, Visible,<br /> Catholic, National. Archdeacon Sinclair’s charge at St.<br /> Sepulchre’s, May 24. Elliot Stock. Paper covers.<br /> <br /> StaTer, W. F. The Faith and Life of the Early Church.<br /> An introduction to Church history. Hodder and<br /> Stoughton. 7s.<br /> <br /> History and Biography.<br /> BaLestieR, Woncott. The Average Woman. 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Union of Benefices<br /> (Metropolis) Act, 1860—Schemej of the Hecclesiastical<br /> Commissioners for effecting a Union of the Benefice of<br /> of All Hallows the Great and All Hallows the Less in<br /> the City of London, and the Benefice of St. Michael<br /> Royal and St. Martin Vintry, in the City of London<br /> <br /> (13d.); Parliamentary Constituencies (2d.); Board of<br /> Agriculture—Report on Recent Experiments in Checking<br /> Potato Disease (gd.). Royal Navy—List of effective<br /> ships (down to sloops) (2d.); East India (Salaries) —<br /> Return for 1889-90 of the number of all persons receiving<br /> from the revenues of India annual allowances (whether<br /> salary or pension) over 1000 rupees, and showing<br /> whether they were Europeans, Eurasians, or natives,<br /> and whether resident in India (1d.); Town Holdings—<br /> Report from the Select Committee (4d.). Foreign Office<br /> Annual Series—France (Algeria), 1890-91 (23.); France<br /> (Saigon), 1891, (1d.) ; Spain (Bilbao), 1891 (134d.) ; Hayti,<br /> 1891 (1d.) Papers relating to the Mombasa Railway Sur-<br /> vey and Uganda (1s. 53d.). Progress and Condition of<br /> India during the year 1890-91, 27thnumber (2s. 23d.), Eyre<br /> and Spottiswoode. Patents, Designs,and Trade Marks,<br /> ninth report of the Comptroller-General, for the year<br /> 1891 (334.), Darling and Son. Railway Rates and<br /> Charges Provisional Order Bills, reportand proceedings<br /> of the Select Committee (6d.). London County Council<br /> (General Powers) Bill, report and proceedings of the<br /> Select Committee (14d.). Belfast Corporation Lunatic<br /> (Asylums, &amp;c.) Bill, report and proceedings of the<br /> committee (1d.). Foreign Office Annual Series, Peru,<br /> Trade of Mollendo, 1891. Greece, Trade of Syra, 1891<br /> (1d. each). Foreign Office Miscellaneous Series:<br /> Austria-Hungary, The Condition of Labour in Hungary<br /> (3d.). Russia, The Iron Industry of the Province of<br /> Ekaterinoslav for 1891 (}d.). Annual Series: France<br /> (Tahiti), 1891 (1d.). Navigators’ Islands (Samoa), 1891<br /> (¢d.). Africa (Oil Rivers), 1891 (3d.). Harrison and<br /> Sons. Metropolitan Water Companies, Return of<br /> Accounts (2}d.). Christ’s Hospital (Sons of Naval<br /> Officers) Correspondence (13d.). Statute Law Revision,<br /> Report from the Select Committee (1d.). Greenwich<br /> Hospital, Supplementary Statement of Estimates for<br /> 1892-3 (3d.). Scotch Education Department, Returns<br /> for 1891 (23d.), Eyre and Spottiswoode. Contagious<br /> Diseases (Animals) Acts, 1878 to 1890, Return for 1891<br /> as regards Ireland (g3d.), Alexander Thom and Co.,<br /> Dublin. Post Office Savings Banks, Accounts for 1891<br /> (jd.). Education Department, Minute of May 31<br /> establishing a code of regulations for evening schools<br /> (1d.).—Parliamentary Papers: Boundary Questions in<br /> Zululand, Correspondence (1s. od.). Theatres and<br /> Places of Entertainment, Report of the Select Com-<br /> mittee (23d.). East India (Financial Statement) for<br /> 1892-93. Eyre and Spottiswoode. Foreign Office<br /> Annual Series.—Turkey (Smyrna and District), 1891<br /> (13d.). China (Tainan), 1891 (1d.). Spain (Corunna<br /> and District), 1891 (23d.) Miscellaneous Series:<br /> Germany (Hamburg). Progress of Trade for 1841-<br /> 1890 (13d.). Mexico, Henequen Hemp Industry in<br /> Yacatan (1d.). United States, Earnings of Labour and<br /> Cost of Living in the Consular District of Chicago (3d.).<br /> —Public Accounts, Third Report from the Committee<br /> (13d.) Telegraphs Bill, Special Report and Report<br /> from the Select Committee (4d.). Military Lands<br /> Consolidation Bill, Report from the Select Committee<br /> (id.). | East India Accounts and Estimates, 1892-1893,<br /> Explanatory Memorandum by the Under-Secretary of<br /> State for India (5$d.), Eyre and Spottiswoode. West<br /> Africa, Arrangement between Great Britain and France<br /> (3d.) Zanzibar, Papers relating to Slave Trade and<br /> Slavery (14d.)., Harrisonand Sons.—Convention between<br /> Great Britain and the Netherlands defining Boundaries<br /> in Borneo, signed in London June 20, 1891; ratifica-<br /> tions exchanged at London May 11, 1892. Harrison<br /> and Sons (#d.). ;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> ADVERTISEMENTS.<br /> <br /> 72<br /> <br /> 1 The Society of Authors (Sucorporated).<br /> <br /> PRESIDENT.<br /> <br /> Tue Rigor Hon. tHE LORD TENNYSON, D.C.L.<br /> <br /> COUNCIL.<br /> <br /> &gt; Pm<br /> <br /> OX)<br /> <br /> [<br /> «A<br /> I<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Str Epwin ARNOLD, K.C.LE., C.S.I.<br /> ALFRED AUSTIN.<br /> <br /> J. M. Barris.<br /> <br /> A. W. A BECKETT.<br /> <br /> RosBERT BATEMAN.<br /> <br /> Srmr Henry Berens, K.C.M.G.<br /> WALTER BESANT.<br /> <br /> AUGUSTINE BIRRELL, M.P.<br /> <br /> R. D. BLACKMORE.<br /> <br /> Ruv. Pror. Bonney, F.R.S.<br /> Lord BRABOURNE.<br /> <br /> James Bryce, M.P.<br /> <br /> Hau. CAINE.<br /> <br /> P. W. CLAYDEN.<br /> <br /> EDWARD CLODD.<br /> <br /> W. Morris CouueEs.<br /> <br /> Hon. JoHN COLLIER.<br /> <br /> W. Martin Conway.<br /> <br /> F. Marion CRAWFORD.<br /> <br /> Austin DOBSON.<br /> A. W. DusouRe.<br /> <br /> EpMUND GOSSE.<br /> <br /> Tuomas Harpy.<br /> <br /> J. M. Lewy.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> OswALp CRAWFURD, C.M.G.<br /> Tue Ear. or DESART.<br /> <br /> J. Eric ERicuseEn, F.R.S.<br /> Pror. MicHaEL Foster, F.R.S.<br /> HERBERT GARDNER, M.P.<br /> RicHarp GARNETT, LL.D.<br /> <br /> H. Riper HAGGARD.<br /> <br /> JEROME K. JEROME.<br /> RupYARD KIPLING.<br /> Pror. E. Ray LANKESTER, F.R.S.<br /> <br /> Rev. W. J. Lortin, F.S.A.<br /> Pror. J. M. D. MEIKLEJOHN.<br /> GrEoRGE MEREDITH.<br /> Herman C. MERIVALE.<br /> <br /> Rev. C. H. MippLeTon-WakeE F.L.S<br /> <br /> Lewis Morris.<br /> <br /> Pror. Max MULLER.<br /> <br /> J. C. PARKINSON.<br /> <br /> Tue Eart or PEMBROKE AND MonrT-<br /> GOMERY.<br /> <br /> Sir FREDERICK PoLiock, Bart., LL.D.<br /> <br /> WALTER HEeRRIES POLLOCK.<br /> <br /> A. G. Ross.<br /> <br /> GEORGE AUGUSTUS SALA.<br /> <br /> W. BaprTisTE ScOONES.<br /> <br /> G. R. Srms.<br /> <br /> J. J. STEVENSON.<br /> <br /> Jas. SULLY.<br /> <br /> WiturAm Moy THomaAs.<br /> <br /> H. D. Traut, D.C.L.<br /> <br /> Baron HENRY DE WORMS,<br /> E.R.S.<br /> <br /> EDMUND YATES.<br /> <br /> MP.,<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hon. Counsel—E. M. UNDERDOWN, Q.C.<br /> Solicitors—Messrs Frnup, Roscoxz, and Co., Lineoln’s Inn Fields.<br /> Secretary—C. HmerBERT THRING, B.A.<br /> <br /> OFFICES.<br /> <br /> 4, PortucaL STREET, Lincoun’s Inn Freips, W.C.<br /> <br /> ‘ Sfandaro ”’<br /> TYPE - WRITING OFFICE,<br /> <br /> 1, Charles-st., Neweastle-on-Tyne.<br /> ee<br /> <br /> ALL KINDS OF COPYING EXECUTED WITH<br /> NEATNESS, SECRECY, &amp; DESPATCH.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> WwOoRK DONE.<br /> <br /> GRAPHOSTYLE<br /> <br /> TERMS ON APPLICATION.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> NOW READY, Super-royal 8vo., price 15s., post free.<br /> <br /> CPROCKHFORKD&#039;S<br /> CLERICAL DIRECTORY 1892.<br /> <br /> Being a STATISTICAL BOOK of REFERENCE<br /> For facts relating to the Clergy in England, Wales, Scotland, Treland,<br /> and the Colonies; with a fuller Index relating to Parishes and<br /> Benefices than any ever yet given to the public.<br /> Crockrorp’s CLERICAL Directory is more than a Directory ; it con-<br /> tains concise Biographical details of all the ministersand dignitaries of<br /> the Church of England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and the Colonies.<br /> <br /> TWENTY - FOURTH ISSUE.<br /> Horace Cox, ‘Law Times” Office, Bream’s-buildings, E.C.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> A BOOK FOR MEMBERS AND CANDIDATES.<br /> <br /> Now ready, Third Edition, with Additions throughout, in demy 8vo.,<br /> 700 pages, price lds.<br /> <br /> AN ANECDOTAL HISTORY<br /> <br /> OF THE<br /> <br /> BRITISH PARLIAMENT,<br /> <br /> From the EARLIEST PERIODS to the PRESENT TIME,<br /> <br /> With Notices of Eminent Parliamentary Men, and Examples of<br /> their Oratory. Compiled from Authentic Sources by<br /> GEORGE HENRY JHNNINGS.<br /> CONTENTS :<br /> <br /> Part L—Rise and Progress of Parliamentary Institutions.<br /> <br /> Parr IL—Personal Anecdotes: Sir Thomas More to John Morley.<br /> <br /> Part IL.—Miscellaneous. 1. Election. 2. Privilege; Exclusion of<br /> Strangers; Publication of Debates. 3. Parliamentary<br /> Usages, &amp;c. 4. Varieties.<br /> <br /> Appenpix.—(A) Lists of the Parliaments of England and of the<br /> United Kingdom. (B) Speakers of the House of<br /> Gommons. 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