https://historysoa.com/files/original/5/327/1899-04-01-The-Author-9-11.pdf 11eae033740e921643d4c37a4125e0e9 PDF Text Text ������������������������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em> Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, <em>The Author</em>, 1890<span>–</span>1914, made available together for the first time.<br /><br />Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&amp;collection=&amp;type=&amp;tags=&amp;exhibit=&amp;date_search_term=&amp;submit_search=Search+For+Items&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1899-04-01 Volume 9 Issue 11 Pages Page range in volume 245–268 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18990401 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin ^Ibe Hutbor, {The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vol.IX.—No.ii.] APRIL i, 1899. [Price Sixpence. For the Opinions expressed in papers that are signed or initialled the Aut/wrs alone are responsible. None of the papers or para- graphs must be taken as expressing the collective opinions of the Committee unless they are officially signed by G. Herbert Thring, Sec. THE Secretary of the Society begs to give notioe that all remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and requests that all members not receiving an answer to important communications within two days will write to him without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered letter only. % w Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub- jects whatever. Articles which cannot bo accepted are returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS. GENERAL MEMORANDA. J7\OB, some years it has been the praotice to insert, in J every number of The Author, certain "General Con- siderations," Warnings, Notices, &c, for the guidanoe of the reader. It has been objected as regards these warnings that the tricks or frauds against which they ore direoted cannot all be guarded against, for obvious reasons. It is, however, well that they should be borne in mind, and if any publisher refuses a clause of precaution he simply reveals his true character, and should be left to oarry on his business in his own way. Let us, however, draw up a few of the rules to be observed in an agreement. There are three methods of dealing with literary property:—. I. That of selling it outright. This is in some respects the most satisfactory, if a proper fries can be obtained. But the transaction should be managed by a competent agent. II. A profit-sharing agreement. In this case the following rulp * should be attended to: (1.) Not to'sign any agreement in which the cost of pro- duction forms a part. (2.) Not to give the publisher the power of putting the profits into his own pocket by charging for advertisements VOL. IX. in his own organs: or by charging exchange advertise- ments. (3.) Not to allow a speoial charge for " offloe expenses," unless the same allowance is made to the author. (4.) Not to give up American, ColonUl, or Continental rights. (5.) Not to give np serial or translation rights. (6.) Not to bind yourself for future work to any publisher. As well bind yourself for the future to any one solicitor or doctor! (7.) To stamp the agreement. III. The royalty system. In this system, which has opened the door to a most amazing amount of overreaching and trading on the author's ignorance, it is above all things necessary to know what the proposed royalty means to both -ides. It is now possible for an author to ascertain approximately and very nearly the truth. From time to time the very important figures oonneoted with royalties are published in The Author. Readers can also work out the figures themselves from the "Cost of Production." Let no one, not even the youngest writer, sign a royalty agreement without finding out what it gives the publisher as well as himself. It has been objected that these precautions presuppose a great success for the book, and that very few books indeed attain to this great success. That is quite true: but there is always this uncertainty of literary property that, although the works of a great many authors oarry with them no risk at all, and although of a great many it is known within a few copies what will be their minimum circulation, it is not known what will bo their maximum. Therefore every author, for every book, should arrange on the chance of a success which will not, probably, come at all; but which may come. The four points which the Society has always demanded from the outset are:— (1.) That both sides shall know what an agreement means. (2.) The inspection of those aooount books which belong to the author. We are advised that this is a right, in the nature of a common law right, which cannot be denied or withheld. (3.) That there shall be no secret profits. (4.) That nothing shall be charged which has not been actually paid—for instance, that there shall be no charge for advertisements in the publisher's own organs and none for exchanged advertisements, and that all discounts shall be duly entered. If these points are carefully looked after, the author may rest pretty well assured that he is in right hands. At the same time he will do well to send his agreement to the secretary before he signs it. c c 2  ## p. 246 (#258) ############################################ 246 THE AUTHOR. HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY. t. IiTVEKY member has a right to ask for and to receive advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub- lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his business or the administration of his property. If, in the opinion of the Committee and the Solicitors of the Society, the advice sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member has a right to an opinion from the Society's solicitors. If the case is such that Counsel's opinion is desirable, the Committee will obtain for him Counsel's opinion. All this without any cost to the member. 2. Eemember that questions connected with copyright and publisher's agreements do not generally fall within the experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually engaged upon such questions for us. 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books represented. This is in order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree- ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor- mation thus obtained may prove invaluable. 4. If the examination of your previous business trans- actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should take advice as to a change of publishers. 5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro- posed document to the Society for examination. 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the oase of fraudulent nouses—the tricks of every publish- ing firm in the country. 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen- dence of the writer. 8. Send to the Editor of The Author notes of everything important to literature that you may hear or meet with. 9. The Committee have now arranged for the reception of members' agreements and their preservation in a fireproof safe. The agreements will, of course, be regarded as con- fidential documents to be read only by the Secretary, who will keep the key of the safe. The Society now offers:—(1) To read and advise upon agreements and publishers. (2) To ■tamp agreements in readiness for a possible action upon them. (3) To keep agreements. (4) To enforce payments due according to agreements. NOTICES. THE Editor of The Author begs to remind members of the Society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the oost of producing it would be a very heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. Communications for The Author should reach the Editor not later than the 21st of each month. All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of the Society or not, are invited to oommnnicate to the Editor any points connected with their work which it would bo advisable in the general interest to publish. Members and others who wish their MSS. read are requested not to send them to the Offioe without previously communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in which they are received. It must also be distinctly under- stood that the Society does not, under any oircamstances, undertake the publication of MSS. The present location of the Authors' Club is at 3, White- hall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary for information, rules of admission, Ac. Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they have paid their subscriptions for the year? If they will do this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker's order, it will greatly assist the Sucretary, and save him the trouble of sending ont a reminder Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the following warning. It is a most foolish and may be a most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest? Of course they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign themselves into literary bondage for three or five years? "Those who possess the 'Cost of Production' are requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15 per cent." This clause was inserted three or four years ago. Estimates have, however, recently been obtained which show that the figures in the book may be relied on as nearly correct: as near as is possible. Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged in the " Cost of Production" for advertising. Of course, we have not included any sums which may be charged for inserting advertisements in the publisher's own magazines, or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket, by inserting any number of advertisements in his own magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it. LITERARY PROPERTY. I.—The Dramatic Sub-Committee. THE Dramatic Sub-corn m ittee have decided to call a meeting of all dramatic authors with a view to their joining the Society in order to obtain such information as might lead to the maintenance, definition, and defence of dramatic property. The meeting will be called for some date towards the end of April. It is trusted that the efforts of the Society on behalf of dramatic authorship and dramatic property will be sub- stantial and successful. II.—The Italian Protest. r. Attention might be drawn to the following points with regard to the Italian protest against the  ## p. 247 (#259) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 247 American Act (see p. 2 5 7):—That the Italian cause of complaint is very real, as publication in America secures copyright in Italy without even simul- taneous publication, but publication of Italian books in Italy does not secure copyright in America unless the book is first translated, then the translation forwarded to American publishers for their acceptance, the terms of the agreement settled, the type set up in America, and simul- taneous publication resulting. The question of the American treaty with regard to the publication of English books is not on such a bad basis as that of the Italian treaty, but still English publication is by no means reciprocal. We do stipulate for simultaneous publication, which is not necessary for an American to secure copyright in Italy, so that the Americans are put to some slight inconvenience ; but we do not stipulate for the printing of the book in England and the other trade difficulties. It is a question, however, whether the Italians are well advised in turning the wheel back in the evolu- tion of copyright property, and whether England would be well advised in turning the wheel back by enforcing printing, &c., in England. Ought it not to be the doctrine of both nations (England and Italy) to draw America from this backward position rather than that England and Italy should sink back into their literary barbarism? That, however, the lack of reciprocity is a matter of considerable regret there is no doubt, both in England and Italy. G. H. T. 11. "Our international copyright law, as it applies to Italy, is declared by L'Assoeiazione Tipigrafico- Libraria Italiana in a memorial to the Italian Government to be an extremely one-sided affair. It puts American authors who simply copyright their works here on a footing as to protection with Italian authors in Italy, no further action being required to secure all the rights the Italian enjoys. On the other hand, an Italian author who desires American protection for his work must print the work here, from American type, and publish it simultaneously with publication in Italy. He is thus at great expense. But to get advantage of the American market he must first have his book translated, another addition to his outlay. Few Italian authors can afford the time, trouble, and money, and hence the market is practically abandoned by them. Since the writ- ings of D'Annunzio, De Amicis and others have begun to sell here, this amounts to a real griev- ance. Italian music is taken bodily. The peti- tioners beg for some effort to be made on their behalf, or some retaliatory measure to be taken. Better, they think, to abandon the copyright field altogether than submit to this one-sided law. A common-sense view would be to urge an amend- ment whereby copyright might be secured by registration, even though subsequent publication here was arranged for as the law at present stands. This copyright by registration and the depositing of two copies of the original foreign edition with the Librarian of Congress might be limited as to time. It should hold good for a year at least to give the foreign author a chance to get out his American edition."—New York Criterion. _ in.—A Curious Point. A certain author published a book in America, and the American publisher, desirous of securing the English market, offered to an English pub- lisher to sell him 350 copies in sheets. The English publisher purchased these, and in two or three months sold the whole edition. After this edition was sold, whenever further orders came in he applied to the American publisher for further copies of the work. When the work had been on the market for a little over a year, the American publisher made arrangements for a second edition, and desiring again to place this new edition on the English market, he asked the author to arrange for the sale of 350 copies to an English publisher on the same terms as before. The author thereupon went to the pub- lisher who had sold the former instalment of books, and offered him 350 copies. Thereupon, the publisher replied that he was entitled to the second edition in England; that, in short, " he considered the market in England was still his" and that he could not purchase as many as 350 copies. The author pointed out that there was no contract existing—that he was merely selling the books, and that if he did not care to take the 350 copies he was going to take the offer else- where. It should be pointed out that the publisher had none of the old edition in stock, so that it was straining the interpretation unduly to maintain that the "English market was his still." He acknowledged that he had done well out of the former sales, but he stated that he considered the publishers were not entitled by the "custom of the trade" to take the book elsewhere if he refused to buy the copies tendered himself. He further maintained that it was too soon to bring out another edition. Upon the author pressing the point the publisher refused definitely to pur- chase, and said that if the offer was rnade. to any other publisher, he would write to the American house and also to the English publisher, and do his best to interfere with the sales. Under these circumstances the only thing for the author to do appears to be to take a bold  ## p. 248 (#260) ############################################ 248 THE AUTHOR. front, offer his book to another house, an 1 inform the publisher that if he attempts to inter- fere he will hold him responsible. It seems impossible that any publisher who carries on his business on these lines should succeed in the long run. Assuming all the facts are as stated, the attitude taken up by the publisher seems quite unjustifiable. He declines to take the books himself, and declares his intention of doing his best to prevent another publisher taking it—in short, he virtually attempts to boycott the book. IV.—Risk. On the question of risk, a writer of many years' experience sends the following :— "In the old three-volume days I asked a ] ublisher once how many copies of a novel his firm could dispose of by their name alone, without regard to the literary value of a book. He told me 250 copies. Now, as the libraries gave about 13s. 6d. a copy, this means £ib$. An edition of 500 copies of a three-volume novel of average length would not cost more than .£134 ('Cost of Production,' p. 15), allowing ,£20 for advertising. This amount was seldom expended for advertising a book whose run was over in a season and which was only bought by the libraries. £0 that the firm, on their own showing, never incurred any risk at all in the production of a three-volume novel. "I extended my research into the question of risk. I asked a publisher who had a series of 2s. novels the same question—how many the firm could dispose of by their name alone? He replied: 2000. The cost of producing such a book, for an edition of 2000—as given in the 'Cost of Production,' p. 37—would be, for a book of about 70,000 words, and allowii g for paper covers instead of cloth, no more than My$. Now, the sale of 2000 copies would produce about ,£115. Where is the risk? "We must remember that there are some books which, even when produced by firms of a fair selling power, cannot be said to bear 110 risk. But this is in general very small, and covered by a very few pounds in ordinary oases." V.—Literary Journals and Advertisements. Our editor, in the March number of The Author, dealing with the attitude of one or two newspapers which are admitted (by themselves) to be "leading literary journals," is curious to know whether literature really means advertise- ments. I present him with an anecdote which may, I trust, lighten in a measure his perplexity. Some years ago a publisher, after due search in the coluinus of newspapers for what was likely to interest himself, took upon him to write a letter to a eeitain literary journal. He declared that he had repeatedly sent books to the journal in ques- tion, but he "noticed" that not one of the volumes 1 bus forwarded had been reviewed. The retort to this complaint was a neat one. It was admitted that the volumes for review had been received, but the literary journal "noticed" in its turn that the publisher did not advertise in its pages. If the publisher had had a proper regard for the dignity (and emoluments) of "leading literary journals," he would have been put to confusion, and have complied in silence with the demand for bakhshish thus delicately hinted at. But he was a hardened man. He sent the corre- spondence to the Pall Mall Gazette, and it aiforded much entertainment to the readers of that newspaper. It cannot be too strenuously maintained that there are certain literary journals which are practi- cally in the pay and at the mercy of publishers who advertise in them. Their interviews and scraps of gossip are again and again coloured with malignant allusions to the dreaded and hated Authors' Society; their most elaborate and flatter- ing reviews are devoted to the productions of those publishing firms which advertise indefatig- ably in their columns, which clamorously shut the door against that unspeakable intruder the lite- rary agent, and which prefer to deal with the author " as between man and man." The one remedy for this condition of things has In en suggested by our editor himself. The author should claim by agreement a voice in the distribution of advertisements and in the placing of copies for review. The great and independent daily and weekly journals, which study many' interests apart from literature, ought to have far and away the first consideration. Those journals provide reviews written with all the ability, and with none of the airs of authority, of the " leading literary" organs. Publishers'announcements are no despicable item in the accounts of these widely- circulated papers; but they are not absolutely in- dispensable. While these journals might live in spite of publishers, there can be no question of the fact that publishers could not live without such extensively read newspapers. The author's independence would be increased, and the only sufferers would be those literary journals which have become degraded to the level of sordid dependants on the publishing trade. Scribbler.  ## p. 249 (#261) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 249 VI.—Authors' Corrections. With regard to the Editor's note on page 223 of The Author of March 1, could yon publish in your paper for the benefit of members the views of the Committee on this subject. especially: 1. What should be included by publishers in their charges against a book as author's corrections? 2. At what rate should these be charged? 3. How is an author to check this? A New Member. [The best answer I can give on the subject is to quote the passage on " Corrections," given to me by a printer whom I consulted in order to get trustworthy information and advice for " The Pen and the Book " (see p. 150). The meaning of Corrections is this: They arc charged at the rate of a shilling an hour, or, in some cases, fifteenpence, for the work of each printer employed. Now, it is extremely difficult to say how many words a compositor can alter in a given time. If the author corrects so as to "overrun," i.e., to alter the line and carry a part of it into the next and following lines, he may cause an alteration of the whole page, line by line, down to the end of the paragraph, and even beyond it. If he does this, he very materially alters the cost of Correc- tion. It is thus most difficult to check the charge for Correction. The only method which will enable the author to check approximately this item, is for hira to preserve carefully the first proofs, with his Corrections upon them, and to insist upon receiving them back with his revise. In other words, correct as little as you can: do not "overrun" if you can possibly help it: get your revise back again: and remember that only q, few words, three or four—opinions vary con- „U -rably as to the number—may be changed in a .A flute: you can then, if there is no over-running, .^'.,-ke a tolerable guess at the correctness of the charge. In mosk. publishers' agreements authors are allowed so much a sheet for Corrections: but as they are not told the connection between shillings and words, they are not much wiser,and the door is open for overcharging.—W. B.] VII. Authors, Publishers, and Booksellers. The Publishers' Association has passed certain resolutions dealing with the trade prices of books. The resolutions which, of course, closely affect the property of our members, have been drawn up and submitted to the booksellers without the least reference to the creators and owners of that property. The question will be considered by the sub-committee appointed for the purpose. Their action will be reported in the next number of The Author. VIII.—Much Needed. The following letter has been published in the chief literary papers in London, owing to the action of the Society of Authors, on behalf of Mr. A. E. T. Watson. The letter practically explains the position. A series of short stories, by many authors, was published by Mr. George Redway, and the book was lettered outside, as stated in the communication—" Huntingcrop Hall, A. E. T. Watson," thus conveying the impression that the work was a single story by a popular author. Mr. Watson naturally objected to this, and put the matter in the hands of the Society. After considerable negotiation, and wh?n the matter had been placed in the hands of the Society's solicitors, Mr. Redway consented to make the explanation contained in the letter. An Explanation.—To the Editor.—Sir,—I have been asked by Mr. Alfred E. T. Watson to explain that a volume of collected pieces published by me last autumn nnder the title of "Huntingcrop Hall" and other stories, by Alfred E. T. Watson and other sporting writers, and lettered outside "Hnntingcrop Hall, A. E. T. Watson," was not pre- pared nor edited by that gentleman, and that he had nothing to do with the publication. The two stories by Mr. Watson included in the volume were republished from 'London Society," of 1S72, by arrangement made by me with Mr. James Hogg, the proprietor of the copyrights, and not by permission of Mr. Watson, the writer of the stories. George Redway. PARIS NOTES. THE spirit of discord appears to have invaded French literary circles during the past month. Indeed, at one moment affairs assumed such serious proportions that the recognised agitators themselves stood aghast at the prospect of fresh trouble breaking out in such an unexpected quarter as the patriotic and pacific Ligue de la Patrie Francaise. Happily, MM. Jules Leraaitre and Francois Coppee (president and honorary president of the league) retrieved their first imprudent manifestation of personal feeling so promptly that all danger of new internal com- plications was averted; though numerous mem- bers—and among them the well-known literati MM. de Heredia, Andre Theuriet, and Maurice Souriau—expressed their disapproval by with- drawing their adhesion to the league. The erudite M. Houssaye refused to follow their example. We may mention in passing that this conscientious historian is now receiving the con- gratulations of the French Press on the success of his new work, entitled "Waterloo, 2e partie de 1815," ed. Perrin. In impartiality of judgment and laboriously correct phraseology, M. Hous-  ## p. 250 (#262) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. saye's work somewhat resembles that of our own Sir James Macintosh. Secondly, there is an open schism among the members of the French Academy for the first time in its history. That this august body should ever stoop to party politics or personal differences seemed as improbable as that Birnam wood should ever invade the towers of Macbeth; but the vacant seats of MM. Jules Lemaitre, Francois Coppee, Anatole France, and Jules Claretie on M. Guillaume's investiture to the vacant fauteuil of the feu Due d'Aumale made all Paris aware of the "rift within the lute" existing in the heart of this venerable assembly. Under these circumstances M. Guillaume's oration (extremely well read by M. Brunetiere, owing to the newly- elected member being temporarily voiceless) and M. Meziere's response to the same, were matters of secondary importance, though the latter's assurance that M. Guillaume did not express him- self "comme un guide Baedeker" brought a quiet smile to the lips of several persons present. Apropos of the flattering allusion made to M. Guillaume's literary services, we may state that the eminent sculptor has produced a study on Michel Angelo, and several minor works, written in a sufficiently clear, straightforward manner; but, had the "affaire" not smoothed his elevation to his present dignity, we doubt if French litera- ture would ever have been aware of his efforts ou her behalf. Thirdly, M. Annan de Caillavet, having taken umbrage at some chance phrase in an article entitled " Salons parisiens " (Vieparisienne), sent two friends to the editor demanding the name of the writer of the article in question. M. Pierre Veber at once acknowledged his own responsi- bility. A meeting accordingly took place, in which the unlucky writer was disabled in the fourth round by a nasty sword-cut in the fore- arm. A few days later, the well-known dramatic author, M. Paul Gavault, had a meeting with M. Henri Marx. The cause of the quarrel has not yet transpired, but literature was again at a dis- advantage, M. Gavault receiving a deep wound in the lower jaw, which caused the surgeons in attendance to stop the combat. If these encoun- ters continue, a large number of the Parisian literati appear likely soon to figure on the disabled list. The names of no less than three Academicians adorn the theatrical posters at the present moment, namely, MM. Anatole France, Francois Coppee, and Henri Lavedan. The dramatic adaptation at the Vaudeville of M. Anatole France's well-known novel "Le Lys Rouge" made quite a stir in theatrical and literary circles. It is useless, however, to deny that the play does not realise the high expectations formed of its merits, and that not even its clever interpretation can prevent the dialogue from occasionally appearing too long-winded and monotonous. The same criticism is applicable to the adaptati6n of " Le Coupable " of M. Francois Coppee (Theatre Ambigu). Psychological and social problems are unwelcome to the majority of theatre-goers, for the gods of the higher literary cult are not the gods of the gallery. M. Henri Lavedan in his adaptation of "Le Vieux Marcheur" (as elsewhere) gives evidence of abundantly recognising this fact. He possesses the genuine dramatic verve, being especially good in sparkling, " slangy," up-to-date dialogue; but it is a pity that the distinguished Academician should have enveloped his latest production in a frame better suited to the profligate period of the Regency than our own more enlightened agp. The Parisians cannot be accused of niggardli- ness towards their illustrious deceased ecclesiastics. The committee recently formed at Paris by Cardinal Perraud for the purpose of raising funds to erect a funeral monument to Boesuet, " L'Aigle de Meaux," iu the cathedral of that town, has just published its first list of donations received. The sum total already amounts to 17,000 francs; and, meanwhile, the fragrant plot of ground and ancient mill consecrated to all lovers of literature by the " Lettres de Mou Moulin" and other works of Alphonse Daudet, are being ignomiuiously put up for sale to be knocked down as an indifferent "lot" to the highest bidder. This appears at first sight to be slightly inconsistent; but a moment's reflection reminds us that such conduct is not unparalleled in the history of other nations. The representation of foreign dramas—and, more especially, the performance of M. Jean Aicard's translation of the Shakesperian " Otello" at the Comcdie Fran9aise—has recently given rise to a lively discussion on this subject iu the Beaux Arts section of the Chamber of Deputies. The nationalists found foreign authors out of place in the national theatres subsidised by the State, and demanded that henceforth only French operas and plays should be represented therein. To these objections M. Leygues roundly re- sponded that, if such were the case, only works of the French school ought to be admitted to the Louvre, since subsidised theatres were nothing less than national museums, and that Shakespeare was assuredly in his right place at the Comcdie Fran^aise or Odcon, since in raising a statue in his honour the Town of Paris ha 1 herself rendered homage to his genius. He added that subsidised theatres were especially- consecrated to "la pensee humaine," which was  ## p. 251 (#263) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. cosmopolite; and spiritedly demanded if the nationalists desired to exclude Correggio, Raphael, and Titian from the Louvre? He likewise pointed out that more dramatic French authors were represented in foreign countries than foreign dramatic authors were represented in France, and further continued — "Let us admire the beautiful wherever it may be found; do not let us proscribe genius under the pretext that it is not French. N'etablissons pas de barriere-douaniere contre la pensee!" This liberal and sensible speech was deservedly applauded, and thus our great poet has received his letters of naturalisation from the countrymen of Moliere, Racine, and Corneille. The Daudet family are skilled and untiring writers. "Sebastian Gouves" (ed. Fasquelle) is the title of M. Leon Daudet's new novel, but not having been favoured with a copy, we are unable to vouch for its merits. It is reported to repre- sent the strife perpetually waging between passion and interest, the social factors and the individual. At the present moment this hard-working author is busily engaged in supervising the editing of "Notes sur la Vie" {Revue de Paris), a series of casual notes in diary form found among the papers of the late Alphonse Daudet; also "Le Valet de ferme" (e"d. Dentu), a collection of short tales by the same illustrious author, to which M. Leon Daudet is adding a preface; while M. Ernest Daudet is occupied in finishing a stirring historical romance of the fifteenth century, entitled " Deux Coeques," which will shortly be given to the public. Our obituary list for the past month embraces the names of three men whose fame was essentially Parisian: (i) Charles-Louis-Etienne Truinet, better known as Charles Nuitter, archivist of the Opéra, was the author of numerous vaude- villes, and among them, the famous "Tasse de the"; but he is chiefly known as a librettist and the translator of "Tannhauser," "Rienzi," and " Lohengrin." He collaborated with Offen- bach in "Les Bavards," '* Vert-Vert," and "La Princesse de Tre"bizonde "; with Sardou in Guiraud's "Piccolino"; with Locle in Verdi's "Aida"; and with Beaumont, Delibes, and Lalo on other occasions. He was seventy-one years of age, and carried out so faithfully his chosen motto of '* Cache ta vie," that, at his death, not even his intimate asso- ciates knew if any of his family were still in existence. (2) Fernand Xau, founder and editor of Le Journal, died prematurely at Cannes, after a long and painful illness, a victim to overwork. Once, on being reproached for not taking the repose he needed, "I belong," he answered gaily, "to the race of horses who die when they stop vol. IX. short." He possessed all the qualities requisite to a successfulfin-de-siicle editor; and his smart repartees, shrewd judgment, and brilliant con- versational powers, united with great kindness of heart and journalistic talent of no mean order, make his loss sincerely regretted by a wide circle of friends and acquaintances. (3) The sudden death of Albert Bataille, one of the ablest journalists on the Figaro staff, has been still more widely deplored. The numerous foreign and native journalistic and literary associations of which he was an active member were unanimous in their expressions of esteem and regret. Speaking in the name of the foreign journalists at Paris, M. Janzon, editor of the Stockholms Dagblad, and member of the Central committee of the Press Association, emphatically declared: "H n'y a pas un journalist* étranger qui ait connu Bataille sans le respecter et l'aimer." But perhaps the highest tribute paid to the dead man's sterling worth was that conveyed in the closing phrases of the funeral oration pronounced by M. de Rodays: "Mais il faut surtout le louer, e"tant une force, d'avoir e"te une conscience. Bataille n'a jamais ecrit un mot qui'l ne pensat pas. ... II a touche- a tout . . . et il n'a jamais 6ti injuste pour personne. C'est l'honneur de sa vie de n'avoir jamais cede* a une pression ou subi l'influence d'un mauvais courant d'opinion." M. Pierre Loti's Eastern trip is indefinitely postponed, owing to his re-instatement on the active service list of the French Navy. He is now engaged on a work whose plot is laid in the He de Paques. This tiny Oceanic island was dis- covered by Davis in 1686, and explored by Rogge- ween on "Le jour de Paques, 1722." M. Loti visited this isle as a midshipman twenty-four years ago, and was much surprised to find it peopled by a handsome and intelligent white race. He is assisted in his present work by the notes taken on that occasion. M. Edouard Rod, whose name is well known in French literary circles, has just embarked for New York. He is expected to be absent for three months, his intention being to give a series of lectures in the American universities on French dramatic poetry, including the works of Jean Jacques, Rousseau, &c. On his return he will probably give the public the reflections induced by his American tour. The era of cheap modern literature in superior type and binding is being inaugurated here by MM. Jules Rouff and Co., who, relying on the popularity of Victor Hugo's works, have pur- chased from his heirs the right of publishing a complete collection of their famous relative's writings at the low rate of twenty-five centimes  ## p. 252 (#264) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. per volume. The statue of the great French master, intrusted to the sculptor Barrias, will be finished in July. The project of temporarily placing the plaster cast on the " rond point" of the Avenue Victor Hugo has been abandoned, and it is now definitely decided that the Hugo monument is to be placed when finished in a central position in the Champs Elysces palace ready for the great Exhibition of 1900. Amongthe publications of the month may be men- tioned " La Force," by M. Paul Adam, one of the most graphic and interestingmartialworkswe have had the pleasure of reading for a long time; " Le Massacre des Amazones," by M. Han Ryner (chez Chaumel), a critical study of 200 contemporary "bas bleus," among whom are included Mmes. Adam, Sarah Bernhardt, Alphonse Daudet, Tola Dorian, Judith Gautier, " Gyp," Jean Bertheroy, the Duchess d'Uzes, &c.; "Le Quartier Latin," by MM. Georges Renault and Gustave Le Rouge (chez Flammarion), a clever and instructive history of the old and new Latin quarter; "Le Rachat de la Femme," by Pierre Sales (chez Flammarion), forming a conclusion to his sensa- tional " Honneur du Mari," of which 10,000 copies were sold at its first publication; "L'Anneau d'Amethyste," by Anatole France, a novel which maintains the high literary level of its prede- cessors; "Josephine, Imperatrice et Reine," by the Bonapartist biographer, M. Frédcric Masson (chez Ollendorf), being a sequel to his interesting "Josephine Beauharnais"; "Un Amateur d'umes" (chez Fasquell), a charming Spanish study by M. Barres; and the second volume of the famous Gourgaud Memoirs, which contains much new and interesting matter relative to the great Napoleon, especially in regard to his private sentiments and shrewd appreciation of his two consorts. Darracotte Dene. FROM THE AMERICAN PAPERS. AMERICAN newspaper methods are, or have been, so much a byword in this country that it is of peculiar interest to hear the views of themselves entertained by American newspaper men. An address delivered the other day by Mr. St. Clair McKelway, editor of the Broohlyn Eagle, affords this opportunity. The occasion was the annual banquet of the American Newspaper Publishers' Association at the Waldorf-Astoria, when Mr. Stephen O'Meara, editor of the Boston Journal, presided over a com- pany of 200. The first speaker of the evening was Congressman B. Mahany, of Buffalo, who declared that there were more and better news- papers in New York State to-day than existed in the whole world half a century ago. Lieutenant- Governor Timothy L. Woodruff, who was the next speaker, addressed himself to the subject of "Public Men and their Relations to the Press." An honest public servant, he said, need fear neither jails nor newspapers; a dishonest public servant had just cause to fear both. Newspaper men constituted an impregnable phalanx of advancement and civilisation. Mr. St. Clair McKelway followed with a sj)eech on "The Press in its Relations to Public Men." The "relations," he said, were improving. Public men were finding that the rowdy Press could do them no harm, and the decent Press was finding that rowdy public men could do them neither harm nor good. "There are rowdy public men and there are rowdy news- papers," said the speaker. "They have a natural affinity for one another. The other kind of public men and the other kind of newspapers are letting that first sort alone. A line of cleavage in every community is being drawn between decent pubbc men and rowdy public men, and between decent newspapers and rowdy newspapers. Public men worthy of the name wish to benefit the city, State, or nation, and believe that the ideas of their party are likely to do it. Public journals have the same wish and the same belief." Mr. McKelway's denunciation of the unworthy section of the American Press was delivered in unstinted terms, and, as coming from one of the leading editors in the United States, deserves to be noted. Witness the following extract from his speech: "The public journal," he declared, "that subsists or exists for public plunder is a mendicant, a sycophant, and a compulsory coward. Only those who compel Press considera- tion by deserving it, either by character or ability, or both, are worthy of consideration as public men. Only those newspapers that make and keep a solvency in themselves and by themselves are worthy of consideration as public journals. The Government may be an advertiser in them like any other customer that has matters to make known, but the renting of business space should carry with it no mortgage on con- science or on brain. There may be a dispute over the permanence or power of the indepen- dent newspaper. I am too committed to the principle to indulge the reflected egotism of advocating it here. But there can hardly be a doubt about the lamentable and even pitiable plight of the dependent newspaper. It must mask the fact of slavery behind the pretence of authority. It must conceal the condition of beggarhood behind the front of oraclehood. It is of all things the most unfortunate. A man  ## p. 253 (#265) ############################################ THE AUTHOR: might conceivably sell his manual labour even for life to a heartless creditor, or deliver his heir- looms to an inforcing robber, or buy his peace from a soulless blackmailer, but that he should contract out his conscience and his brain under circumstances which make him infidel to honour, vacant of real influence, and barren of moral self- respect, should be unthinkable. For those whose personal or domestic necessities lead them to think that they must do that charity is taxed to the extreme. Towards those who do it for love of the fact of pelf or of the fiction of power, credulity is paralysed and indignation fatigued." M. Edouard Rod is now making his first visit to the United States, in order to deliver a series of lectures in French at the principal universities and colleges. These yearly lectures by distin- guished French literary men were started under the auspices of the Cercle Francais of Harvard two years ago, when M. Ferdinand Brunetiere dealt with the French novel. Last year M. Rene Doumic took up the History of French roman- ticism. M. Paul Bourget will probably be heard next year. M. Rod is treating of the History of French Dramatic Poetry. Questioned by the New York Times concerning his lectures, he made some interesting remarks on French litera- ture. "Among the dramatic poets of the past," said M. Rod, "my preference is for Racine. Racinean tragedy, with the drama of Shakes- peare, appears to me to be the most elevated form of art that dramatic poetry has produced. Racine's plays differ greatly from those of Shakespeare. I do not consider them inferior, but they represent a form of art that is essen- tially French. Foreigners often accuse us of not understanding them. Yet I think that at the present time Shakespearean drama is better understood in France than Racinean tragedy is outside of France. There is one thing about Shakespeare that has impressed me forcibly. A few months ago I was in London, and went to see 'Julius Caesar' — at Her Majesty's Theatre, I think. I could not but marvel at the prodigious knowledge of the democracy shown by Shake- speare, who nevertheless did not live in a democratic epoch. To come to modern times, within the past decade the foreign authors who have exercised the most influence upon French literature are, of course, Ibsen and Tolstoi, but what the ultimate effect of this influence will be it is impossible to conjecture. The most striking characteristic of our literature of the present time is its heterogeneity, if I may be pardoned for using such a barbarous word. There have been epochs when there was a certain unity in literary production and thought—at least, that is the impression we receive at a distance—but to-day we see around us the most diverse elements. It has been complained that Rostand's 'Cyrano de Bergerac' has shown unmistakably, by the universal admiration it has evoked and the unprecedented enthusiasm with which it has been received, that the tendencies of the times are towards a return to the romantic school. Evidently there is a current of romanticism; yet the current of realism is still strong, and there is another very pronounced current which seems to me to be a very powerful one but which it is difficult to define by a more precise word than that of idealism, which does not express much. JNb, I cannot venture to say whether or not any modern French writer exercises a decisive influ- ence upon our literature. That is not for me, but for posterity to judge." M. Rod does not speak English, though he can read it. The following editorial comment recently appeared in the New York World: There would seem to be something wrong abont the traditional belief that authors are poor and improvident people, if the history and experience of the Authors' Club in this city is of any significance. The club was organised in 1882, and it has always consisted of less than 150 members, all authors. At first it had no home and no means with which to rent one. Now it has a luxurious abiding-place, a fine library and all the adjuncts of comfort. And while most of the clubs composed of prosperous business men are sorely harassed by debt, the Authors' Club owes nobody a oent. and has a comfortable and yearly increasing bank account. While it was still poor it undertook to make and sell a costly book of unique character. There were to be 250 copies, each to be sold at 100 dollars. The publishers all ridiculed the idea, and with solioitous sympathy predicted disastrous failure, not as probable but as certain. But the authors made the book and marketed it so well that only a few oopies remain for belated buyers. Either the tradition is at fault or the authors have been learning thrift and shrewdness by their dealings with publishers. A FEW NOTES FROM AUSTRALIA. PROSPERITY is slowly but surely returning to Australia, and the direful crisis of 1893 is fading to some extent from the minds of men. Its lesson has not been forgotten, how- ever, and speculation and mild credits are not nearly so much in evidence as was the case in the ante-boom days. One result of the improvement is that Australia is again becoming a good market for English books and periodicals, which pour into the country in an enormous stream. Last year (1898) the single colony of New South Wales imported books and stationery to the value of .£581,974, and though no doubt stationery was the larger item,  ## p. 254 (#266) ############################################ 254 THE AUTHOR. yet the importation of books and periodicals must have been very large. The cheap English magazine rages with con- siderable virulence here, and local publications feel the competition somewhat, but have to suffer without much prospect of alleviation, as '* pro- tection" against the British author and publisher would not be entertained, in New South Wales at all events, which, under the cegis of Mr. Reid, has become very pronouncedly free - trade in policy. The absence of purely literary periodicals has no doubt seriously checked the development of Australian literary effort, but of late years a con- • siderable number of young writers have come into notice, chiefly through the Bulletin, a paper which, whatever its faults, and they are numerous enough, has done more to encourage Australian literary talent than any other local publication. Of these younger writers the best known are Mr. A. B. Paterson, Mr. Henry Lawson, Mr. Ogilvie, and Mr. Victor Daly. Almost all are verse writers, and have published numerous ballads, but they also write prose.and Mr. Paterson has recently published a novel. As a rule, the Australian writer betakes him to England, and as examples might be quoted Mr. B. J. Farjeon, Mr. Fergus Hume, Mr. H. B. Marriott Watson, Mr. Louis Becke, and other writers; but there are some who remain with us, such as Mr. Browne (Kolf Boldrewood), Mrs. Cross (Ada Cambridge), and Mrs. H. R. Curlewis (Ethel Turner). There are worse countries to live in than Australia, with its genial climate, its free life, and its endless possibilities in the way of riding, driving, bicycling, boating, <fec. Of course, I refer to the older colonies, not to newly-discovered goldfields or pastoral sections. Some readers of The Author may be interested in "spooks," and such will be glad to hear that a road near the present writer's place of residence is haunted by a remarkable "spook," which takes the form of a dog. At about 1 1 o'clock p.m. on Aug. 12, the dog appears near a little bridge or culvert on what is known as the Willoughby road, and runs in front of or round anyone who happens to be passing that way. Hundreds of people are said to have seen the dog, and many have thrown stones at it, but the missiles have passed completely through the figure without affecting it in the least. When matches are lit it disappears, but reappears the moment the light goes out. I cross-questioned a girl who had seen the dog, and she scouted the idea that it was imaginary, and stated that hundreds of people had seen it and that she herself had been accompanied by several persons, to all of whom it was visible. I have not seen the dog myself, and have an open mind on the subject, and give the tale as I heard it. For a new country, New South Wales rejoices in good many " spook " stories, haunted houses, and so on. Almost everyone here and many people in England know the story of "Fisher's Ghost," which is supposed to be a fairly well-authenticated story. Fisher was a small farmer who was treacher- ously murdered by a man with whom he had lived as a friend. This man gave out that Fisher had gone to England, but people passing a certain fence near a creek at night began to see Fisher sitting on a rail. When approached, the figure glided off in the direction of the creek. Investi- gations were made; blood was found on the fence, and Fisher's body in a hole on the bank of the creek. The suspected man was arrested and hanged. There is no doubt whatever of the murder, trial, and execution, and the supernatural part is believed by many. Justin C. MacCartie. Bridge-street, Sydney, Jan. 17. NOTES AND NEWS. THE following resolution has been forwarded to me from the secretary of the Authors' Club. It was passed unanimously at the last meeting of the Committee of the Club with a view of assisting those members of the Society who happen to be up in town for the dinner of the Society, and to making their stay in town as pleasant as possible: "That gentlemen living in the country who are members of the Authors' Society may be elected honorary members of the Authors' Club for the week May 1st to 6th upon the personal introduc- tion of a member of the Club." The annual report of the Boyal Literary Fund for the year 1898 will be found in another column. Two or three points are suggested by the report. The first is that the invested funds of the asso- ciation now amount to nearly .£60,000: that the income is about .£4000: that the amount given in relief of authors in distress was .£1900: and that the total number of recipients was no more than twenty-seven. Of these, fourteen were men, who received an average grant of .£61 each, and thir- teen were women, of whom eight were authors, with an average grant of .£51: four were widows, with an average grant of .£150: and one, an orphan, who received .£40.  ## p. 255 (#267) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 255 This represents the year's work of a most useful and beneficent charity. One gentleman at the meeting objected to the investment of more money, on the ground that there must surely be more than twenty-seven persons a year for whom the fund was intended. The speaker represented the average and common view of literature as a profession. That is to say, he regards it as a beggarly and most precarious profession. Now, I have been on the council of the Royal Literary Fund. Their meetings are most sacred and private and confidential. But I do not think that I am revealing secrets when I say that I never remember a single deserving case which was turned away for want of funds. On the contrary, the council always took a lenient view of the case, and a generous view of the literary position of the applicant. And I do not believe that, outside the twenty-seven recipients in last year's lists, there was a single case of distress which presented itself, or which might have presented itself. In other words, there are now thousands who live by the pen: the position of this multitude is as assured as that of any other profession. A man may break down in health, but if he does not, and is a good man and worthy of a place in the profession of letters, he may reckon upon success with much greater certainty than if he was a solicitor or a medical practitioner. I am, therefore, of opinion that it is quite time to abandon the annual appeal to the public for assistance for the starving litterateur. There will always be cases of distress and hardship, but there is no longer any necessity for the yearly dinner and the yearly speech of the chairman in aid of a charity which is represented as requiring more funds, and still more funds, as if the appli- cants were increasing in number instead of being a mere remnant, and as if the profession was still what it was sixty and a hundred years ago, starveling and dependent. In other words, the Fund has as much money as it wants: it need not make any more appeals or ask for any more invested funds; while to appeal to the public every year on behalf of the literary profession has not only ceased to be necessary but has actually become degrading. With this view of the case, I shall not feel myself in future called to give anything more to an institution which is sufficiently equipped for its excellent work, and I shall never again sit at a dinner which represents a condition of things no longer existing. The various experiments in the prices which publishers are now trying, are watched with interest by Americans. The following paragraph, VOL. IX. cut out of the New York Criterion, shows what some of them think. It is not quite the case that the six-shilling novel is ousted from the railway stall by its sixpenny rival: it is, however, quite true that the six-shilling volume is greatly damaged by the sixpenny. I believe that one publisher is going to try the experiment of pro- ducing books at two prices—a low and a high price. I can assure him that no one, not even a millionaire, will pay more than he is obliged to pay for anything, especially for "something to read," which is what most people want on a journey. I watched a stall the other day. There were offered stories at sixpence—or was it a shilling?—and the same stories at a penny. People bought them. Everyone laid down his penny and took the cheaper book: "The ephemeral character of the great bulk of current notion is strikingly illustrated by the snocess obtained in London by the sixpenny reprints of recent novels and the melancholy effect which their publication is having on the sale of the six-shilling novels. On the railway bookstalls the sixpenny paper-cover has practioally ousted the more pretentious volume, and when the promised new novels in sixpenny and shilling volumes come the chances sf the high- priced, well-bound novels are not of the brightest. The publio is realising that six shillings is a high price to pay for merely reading a book; for certainly most books of recent notion are of little value after being read once; they are not worth preserving on library shelves. Just as its pre- decessor, the three-decker, went, unwept and unsung, so will go the six-shilling book, and cheap editions, with a limited number bound for library purposes, will prevail. Neither author nor publisher has nrach to fear by this prospect, as there is no reason why good, or even indifferent, novels should not supplant the 'snipped' and 'rag-bag' papers that now flood the market." In the same paper I find a note on the Society and my book. It was not, of course, an "onslaught on the publishers." It simply stated what has been already stated over and over again, that " many publishers" are dishonest in certain ways that are expressly mentioned and, according to my view, are ways of dishonesty. These views, however, seem to be shared by everybody who takes the trouble to read them. Sir Walter Besant's "Pen and the Book " onslaught on the publishers has received opportune support from the annual report of the Authors' Society just published. In their efforts for the protection of literary property the Authors' solicitors dealt with 11o oases during 1898. Of these, twenty-eight referred to manuscripts which editors or publishers had not returned; in fifty oases money was claimed by authors from publishers; and there were twenty- three cases of dealings between writer and publisher in which the latter did not produce proper accounts of the transactions. The Society succeeded in recovering for their owners more than half of the detained manusoripts, over four-fifths of the money claimed, and in two oases out of three compelled the publishers to render satisfactory acoonnts. Ab practically every well-known English writer is now a member of the Sooiety of Authors, it has made Jt E  ## p. 256 (#268) ############################################ 256 THE AUTHOR. itaelf a decided factor in the perpetual strife between the wolf and the lamb—as Sir Walter would put it. The lamb, however, some publishers think, is growing up into a very sturdy ram, capable of taking good care of itself. I have been taken to task for calling the practice of charging what has not been paid "thieving." Well: two men embark on an enterprise the proceeds of which they have agreed to share in certain proportions: one of them manages the commercial side, the other trusts his word implicitly. The managing partner—one is told not to use the word "partner "—call him then fellow adrenturer—sends in accounts show- ing that he has spent £120, when he has only spent £100, putting the £20 secretly in his own pocket. What shall we call that act? A lawyer tells me it is not "theft," but "breach of trust," and that I must not call any action "theft" which the law only calls "breach of trust." I have put the case to a good many persons. They all agree that there is no difference in guilt between the man who thus sends in falsified accounts and the man who picks a pocket. No difference at all. If we are agreed that the man is a Thief, why not say so? I suppose the offended parties will be angry, but does that matter? As for the fact, we cannot too often repeat that in their proposed draft agreements the publishers claim the right to overcharge: and as they leave the percentage blank, they claim the right of taking whatever they please ; and as they maintain silence on the question of charging for advertise- ments which cost them nothing, in spite of the continued protests of the Society, it is surely not ill-natured to conclude that they approve of the practice. And, again, if there is any lingering doubt as to the truth of the charge, one publisher was so good as to dispel that doubt by proclaim- ing and acknowledging that it was his custom to charge what he had not paid. This was in the Outlook. The following paragraph has been sent to me. It is a cutting from the Independent: I am sorry to learn that Miss E. Livingston Prescott has been so much impressed by Sir Walter Besant's denuncia- tion of publishers that she is keeping her new novel, "Helot and Hero," in her own hands. It has been pro- duced, I hear, at her own expense, and is being distributed by Messrs. Simpkin, Marshall, and Co." 1 wonder what the writer means by the "denunciation of publishers." He repeats, you see, the last invention. I say, repeating a charge advanced over and over again by the Committee of the Society of Authors in their reports, books, and papers, that "many publishers "—not all— have been guilty of charging what has not been paid. Is this "denunciation of publishers " r And why is the writer of the paragraph sorry 'i Is he sorry that an author has learned to manage his own affairs for himself? Or is he sorry that a publisher is denied the rights which, according to the proposed agreements, he claims, of taking from the proceeds anything he pleases? In Literature of March the 18th there was presented a bibliographical survey of the House of Commons. The literary strength of the House is surprising. The list does not pretend to be exhaustive, but it may be taken as fairly so. It contains 134 names of Members who have written books or pamphlets. Surely there has never before been so large a literary element in any House of Commons. Among the names are some which belong to the very front rank of contempo- rary literature, such as, for instance, A. J. Balfour, Birrell, Bryce, Dilke, Jebb, Lecky, McCarthy, and John Morley, not to mention lawyers, journalists, specialists, essayists, and scientific writers, among them being John Burns, Sir Edward Clarke, Sir J. C. Colomb, Radcliffe Cooke, Leonard Courtney, Lord E. Fitzmaurice, Arnold Forster, Goschen, Haldane, Vernon Harcourt, Henniker Heaton, Howorth, Labouchere, Lubbock, Marquis of Lorne, Sir H. E. Maxwell, T. P. O'Connor, T. W. Russell, H. M. Stanley, Sir Howard Vincent, Carvell Williams, and many others. There are, in fact, at least thirty considerable authors in the House of Commons ; and of writers of books, journalists, and writers of pamphlets there are at least 134, say, one in four. It would be curious to compare this list with the corresponding list in the American House of Representatives. A little analysis of the list shows that many have written on several subjects. The following numbers, therefore, sometimes include the same name more than once. In poetry there are four; in philo- sophy three; in biography and history there are thirty; on military and naval matters there are three; on education two; on essays four; on law thirteen; on fiction nine; on religion three; on travel fourteen; on science sixteen; on political economy thirteen; on politics five; on Colonial topics one; and under the head of miscellaneous, including writers of occasional pamphlets, there are thirty-two. ijio Since we have so large a literary company in the House of Commons, would it not be possible to use this interesting fact for some practical purpose? There is, for instance, one little reform that is badly wanted. It is a slight change in the wording of the Resolution of 1837 by which the Civil Pension List was created. That resolu-  ## p. 257 (#269) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 257 tion granted a sum of .£1200 every year—not £1200 a year in all—to be devoted to pensions for persons distinguished in Literature, Science, or Art, or for those whom the Sovereign may think fit to honour. We want the last words left out, so that no one unconnected with Literature, Science, or Art shall receive a pension from this fund. On the other hand, the tendency for some years has been to use the fund for widows and daughters rather than for actual workers. After the words "persons distinguished in Litera- ture, Science, or Art" should come the words "or their widows or children if these are in straitened means," or words to that effect. Walter Besant. ITALY AND THE UNITED STATES. Translation from " I Diritti d'Autore, Bolletino degli atti e hotizie della Societa Italiana degli Autori." Anno XVIII., Num. 1-2. Gennaio- Febbraio, 1889. Page 1. THE Italian Association of Typographical Publishers has presented to the Minister of Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce, the following memorial, drawn up by the advo- cate, Ferrucio Foil, in which it begs for a revision of the Convention for the reciprocal protection of intellectual works between Italy and the United States: To His Excellency the Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. Rome. May it please Your Excellency: The Italian Association of Typographical Publishers previously had occasion, in 1891, to present to the Italian Government a memorial respecting the steps which were then being taken towards a Convention with the United States regarding artistic and literary property. At present this Convention has been agreed upon, and has been in force for some years, so that it is possible to study its results, and to form a mature judgment of its effects: and the same Association takes the liberty of placing before your Excellency some observations on this subject. The Association is convinced that this Con- vention is injurious to the interests of the Italian book-trade, and therefore suggests that your Excellency—in accordance with the clause which gives both of the contracting parties power to denounce the Convention at any time—might treat with the Government of the United States, with a view to the regulation of the reciprocal terms of the Convention in some manner more consonant with the interest of Italian citizeus. Undoubtedly the law of March 3, 1891 (Copy- right Act) marked an epoch in copyright legisla- tion, inasmuch as the United States of America had, until that time, refused to accord any pro- tection to the rights of foreigners. It was, perhaps, in consequence of this that many European States hastened to conclude treaties which might enable them to avail them- selves of the concessions which had been made. This was done by England (which had the strongest reasons for taking this step, on account of the identity of the language, which made com- pliance with the requirements of the Copyright Act very easy), by France, by Belgium, by Switzerland, and finally by Germany. Italy followed the example of the sister nations, and joined the Convention, by a royal decree of Jan. 18, 1893, No. 17. The terms which the Copyright Act impose upon foreigners as conditions of obtaining pro- tection are such that they render illusory the protection accorded books, lithographs, and photographs. This can be stated without hesi- tation, seeing that both the tenor of the terms of the Act, and experience, prove the fact. At the present time the works of Italian authors begin to be known and sought after in foreign countries; and yet Italian authors and editors would rather leave the American pub- lishers at liberty to translate and reprint their works than avail themselves of the provisions of the Copyright Act. This is an incontrovertible proof of the useless- ness of the protection afforded. And hence it arises that the publishers find themselves com- pelled to appeal to your Excellency's perspicacity. So long as the Italian exportation was very small, and the property to be protected consequently insignificant, the Italian book trade had no actual reason to protest against the Convention. Now, however, when happily the exportation is increasing rapidly, it is necessary that a pro- vision should be made for the protection of Italian interests. The twelfth Article of the Copyright Act enacts as follows: "This Act shall not apply to the citizens of a foreign State, unless that State accords the citizens of the United States the benefit of a protection of copyright on a basis substantially the same as that on which pro- tection is accorded to its own citizens. . . . The existence of these conditions shall be deter- mined by a proclamation of the President." Therefore, in accordance with this Article, foreigners who desire to avail themselves of the Copyright Act, after their Government has ob-  ## p. 258 (#270) ############################################ 258 THE AUTHOR. tained the prescribed proclamation, have to comply with certain prescriptions which the law has enacted for American citizens. So, in ac- cordance with paragraph 4956, protection cannot be claimed unless two copies of the book which is to be protected have been, at the latest on the day of publication, sent to the Librarian of Congress in the United States, or, in the case of a foreign country, have been deposited with the post in the territory of the "United States addressed to the Librarian. But this is not enough. These two copies must have been printed from type composed in the territory of the United States, or from stereo- typed plates made from type so composed. If, then, the European author of a work does not wish to lose the benefits of the American pro- tection, he must, before offering his work to the public in his own country, find a publisher in the United States, he must send him a copy of his manuscript, wait until a translation of it has been made, until the American typographical composition has been completed, and until two copies of the translation thus printed have been consigned to the Librarian of Congress at Washington, or lodged with the post, addressed to him. Then alone can he proceed to issue the original edition of his book. The slightest mistake, the smallest delay which may occur in the composition in the United States, causing the author, in his ignorance of it, to produce the original publication but one day before the trans- lation, and the protection becomes null, all the steps taken are void, and pirate publishers can produce the work with impunity, without either author or publisher possessing any rights. The explanation of the system suffices to prove that it is absolutely impossible for our authors to get protection of their rights. It will be under- stood that the English are able to comply with the terms imposed. The identity of language renders translation unnecessary, and the trans- mission of their works easy and profitable. But where there is a question of translation, the home market must be thought of before the inter- national market. How shall it be foreseen that the book will have but a small success, or that it shall have such a success that it will cross the Atlantic, and make profitable and possible an American translation before the book has been published in Italy? We have pointed out to your Excellency how the English find themselves in a privileged posi- tion when compared with the European States. Nevertheless, even amongst them the special con- ditions of simultaneous printing which the Ameri- can law imposes have created grave inconveniences, and sometimes have rendered protection impos- sible. Some of these cases were mentioned in the bulletin of the Berne Bureau, which quoted the words of an American publicist, who made in the Nation the following important declaration: "Professor Mover is the victim of our stupid con- dition of American fabrication, upon which the protection of the Copyright Act depends." In Germany, the agitation against the treaty is also active. In the words of the deputy Dietz, "Germany gives freely, to receive but a meagre return." If these words are true of Germany and of the European States, they are much more true of Italy, which gives much more than all the other European States. In fact, the other States impose upon the Americans who wish to obtain literary protection more or less extended formali- ties. In England, the publication must be simul- taneous in both countries—here there is an exact reciprocity—the title must be registered at Stationers' Hall, and a fee of 5s. paid. In France two copies of the publication must be deposited with the Minister of the Interior, &c. In Italy, on the contrary, no formality is pre- scribed, and the American citizen finds himself in a better position than the Italian himself. To obtain the protection] of the law the Italian must comply with the formalities prescribed by the law of 1882. The American citizen is not obliged to do this. If he has, at the time of the publication of the original edition, complied with the formalities prescribed by his own legislation, this suffices to secure him the protection of the law in Italy. In fact, Article 40 of the Act con- templates the case of a State which promises protection to other States on the condition that the latter shall guarantee the authors of works published in its territories all the rights and pro- tections sanctioned by their legislation; and in this case authorises the Government to accord reciprocity by a Royal decree. This is precisely the case of the United States. For such States Article 40 enacts: "If in a foreign State deposit of copies is prescribed, or a declaration at the time of publication of a work, proof that one or the other has been executed in conformity with the law of the country suffices to secure for the work published here the author's copyright in this Kingdom. Under the opposite hypothesis the deposit and the declaration prescribed in the present law can be effected either in Italy or abroad at an Italian Consulate." Seeing, then, that the Royal decree exists between Italy and the United States, and that in the United States deposit in the Library of Congress is prescribed, it follows that the deposit effected at Washington gives, without any further formality, a right to protection in Italy. Your Excellency will perceive how different is  ## p. 259 (#271) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 259 the position of the citizens of the two States between which a reciprocity was to be established —one that exists in the letter of the treaty only, and certainly not in its essential working. It is impossible for a moment to entertain any doubt of the immediate necessity of obtaining a real protection for Italian intellectual works, which are beginning to have a sale on the American Continent. If there be any difficulty which can oppose the equitable wishes of the Italian authors and pub- lishers, it is that which may arise from the con- flicting interests of the former and those of musical authors and publishers. ^Respecting these works, it is for the future agreed, in conse- quence of a number of legal decisions, that they ueed not be manufactured in the United States. But your Excellency's high intelligence and right judgment will doubtlessly discover some manner of combining the interests of both parties, seeing that it is not just that one section of producers of intellectual works should be sacrificed to the other. The Italian Association of Typographical Pub- lishers therefore trusts that your Excellency will be so good as, without ipso facto denouncing the treaty, to open communications with the Govern- ment of Washington with a view to some just modification that may safeguard the interests of all Italian citizens. It is certain that the Washington Government ought not to wish the treaty denounced, seeing that it gives, as we have shown, a large pro- tection to American writers, who are beginning to find a sale in our Peninsula. As England has succeeded in stipulating for a treaty which protects the authors of both States in a perfectly equal manner, so we trust your Excellency may be able to induce the Government of the United States to agree to a treaty more in accord with the interests of Italians than that which at present exists. And consider- ing that the Copyright Act does take account of the principle of reciprocity, if it be pointed out that, with the present treaty, that reciprocity does not really exist, the Washington Government cannot refuse to discuss the subject; and this the more as the obligations imposed by the Copy- right Act were suggested only by a desire of protection from English competition, certainly without reference to other States. We shall certainly not here presume to suggest to your Excellency the means to be adopted to carry out the end desired. For the Italian Association of Typographical Publishers it is enough to have pointed out this important subject to the attention of your Excellency. For musical works the treaty may certainly remain such as it is at present. It sufficiently protects such artistic property. For books, lithographs, and photographs it may, on the other hand, be possible to procure the abrogation of the principle which imposes simultaneous publication in both countries and the printing from American type or composition. This is the greatest desideratum. To obtain it it will suffice that the United States should apply the principle of a real reciprocity in the manner in which it is understood and applied by our Legislation. That is to say, to secure pro- tection in a foreign State it is not necessary to conform with the laws of that State, but it suffices to have complied with the requirements of the State of origin. So, as at present, as the American citizen who has made the prescribed deposit in the Library of Congress is thereby at once, without any further formality, protected in Italy, so it ought to be established that the Italian citizen who has done what the Italian law requires should, without further formalities, be entitled to the protection of the American tribunals. If it is not possible to secure this result, it should at least be possible to obtain this, that the citizen of those States cannot have protection in Italy for his literary labours unless the work is printed simultaneously in the country of origin and in Italy. These and other modifications may be weighed and brought into effect by your Excellency. And if nothing can be obtained, it will be at least opportune to agree that, whilst the treaty shall continue in force for musical works, it shall be abrogated for books. In this way the Italian author will lose nothing, since, as we see, the present protection is illusory. But, at least, the American also will not be protected by us, and the works of the United States will become public property. Complete liberty in both coun- tries will be better, as the present state of the case is this, that we give the American more protection than the Italian citizen, whilst in the United States the Italian intellectual works are exploited by everyone without their authors or their publishers, who have been at the expense and trouble of producing them, receiving any tangible advantage from their labours. In effect, as has been said in a notable article published in the Bulletin of Berne, since that after Zola no one on the Continent has found it convenient to make an American edition, the pirates have been able to declare that foreigners do not wish to avail themselves of the benefits of the American law, and so have robbed them with the greatest coolness. Your Excellency: The Italian Association of Typographical Pub-  ## p. 260 (#272) ############################################ 260 THE AUTHOR. lishers trusts that your Excellency will make a serious examination of the question which it has had' the honour of laying before you. Italian works, as has been already said, are beginning to be disseminated in the United States, and this dissemination will in the future become greater. It is necessary to take precautions for the future that the frait of so much labour and of so many expenses may not be lost in that country which pays the highest price for the things which it consumes, of whatsoever kind they may be. In the United States, too, the principles of a true and real protection of intellectual works are con- stantly making advance. It undoubtedly follows that the Government of Washington will not altogether easily suffer the Italian treaty to be denounced, particularly as this might be the prelude of a similar reaction in other States. It should, therefore, be possible to obtain a revision of the treaty in a sense in conformity with Italian interests. The Italian Association of Typographical Publishers has great confidence in the high sense of your Excellency, and awaits with tran- quility to see your efforts crowned with that success which neither can nor ought to be un- attainable in so patriotic an enterprise. THE ANNUAL DINNER. THE Annual Dinner of the Society of Authors will be held at the Trocadero Restaurant, Piccadilly, W., on Thursday, May 4, at 7.30 p.m. The chair will be taken by Mr. Augus- tine Birrell, Q.C., M.P. Tickets for the dinner will be 1 guinea, inclusive of everything. The formal notice of the dinner will be sent out to each member in the course of a day or so. The following ladies and gentlemen have kindly con- sented to act as stewards of the dinner: The Eev. E. A. Abbott, D.D. William Allingham, F.E.C.S. Sir Edwin Arnold, K.C.I.E., C.S.I. Sir Robert S. Ball, LL.D., P.E.S. Bobert Bateman. Miss A. E. Bayly ("Edna Lyall.") Arthur W. a-Beckett. P. B. Beddard, F.E.S. E. F. Benson. Sir Henry G. Bergne, K.C.M.G. Mrs. Osear Beringer. Sir Walter Besant. W. H. Besant, F.B.S., D.Sc. ponlteney Bigelow. Mrs. Craigie (" Jchn Oliver Hobbes.") Oswald Crawford, C.M.G. Mrs. B. M. Croker. Lady Florence Dixie. Austin Dobson. Sir George Douglas, Bart. Prof. E. Dowden, LL.D., &c. A. Conan Doyle, M.D. A. W. Dnbourg. TheVen. Archdeacon Farrar, D.D., F.E.S. Basil Field. Prof. Michael Foster, F.E.S., D.Sc, &c. Douglas W. Freshfield. Signor Manuel Garcia. Eichard Garnett, C.B., LL.D. Kenneth Grahame. Francis Gribble. H. Eider Haggard. Prof. J. W. Hales. Thomas Hardy. Anthony Hope Hawkins. Silas K. Hocking. E. W. Hornnng. Mrs. Humphreys (" Eita"). Sir Henry Irving. Dr. Sophia Jex-Blake. The Eev. Prebendary Harry Jones. Henry Arthur Jones. H. G. Keene, CLE. J. Scott Keltie, LL D. Mrs. Edward Kennard. The Very Eev. Dean Kit- chin, D.D., F.S.A. W. E. H. Leoky, P.C. Lady William Lennox. J. Stanley Little. Sir Norman Lookyer,K.C.B., P.E S. Sir John Lubbock, Bart., P.O., &o. Eichard Marsh. The Eev. Prof. T. G.Bonney, F.E.S. Oscar Browning. Prof. C. A. Buchheim. Mrs. Hodgson Harnett. Mrs. Mona Caird. Lady Colin Campbell. Prof. Lewis Campbell. Eosa Nouchette Carey. Egerton Castle, F.S.A. Sir WiUiam Charley, Q.C., D.C.L. Prof. A. H. Church, F.E.S. Mrs. W. K. Clifford. Edward Clodd. W. Morris Colles. The Hon. Jchn Collier. Sir Martin Conway. the Lord , F.E.S. Florence Marryat. Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bart., P.C. Justin McCarthy. George Meredith. Jean Middlemass. The Eev. A. W. Momerie. F. Frankfort Moore. Arthur Morrison. Henry Norman. W. E. Norris. Gilbert Parker. Max Pemberton. The Eight Hon. Pirbright, P.C, Sir. Frederick Pollock, Bart., LL.D. Morley Eoberts. W. M. Eossetti. Owen Seaman. Prof. Adam Sedgwick. G. Bernard Shaw. The Eev. Prof. Skeat, LL.D. Herbert Spencer. M. H. Spielmann. Victor Spiers. Sir John Stainer, Mub. Doc. Prof. Villiers Stanford, Mus. Doc. Henry M. Stanley. J. Ashby Sterry. Bram Stoker. Francis Storr. The Duohess of Sutherland. Sir Eichard Temple, Bart, G.C.S.I., &o. Sir Henry Thompson, Bart., F.E.C.S., &o. The Eev. Prebendary God- frey Thring. J. Todhunter, M.D. "Mark Twain." Mrs. Humphry Ward. Alfred E. T. Watson. J. McNeill Whistler. Miss Charlotte M. Yonge. KING ALFRED MEMORIAL. AMEETING in connection with the proposed national commemoration in 1901 of the thousandth anniversary of the death of King Alfred was held at the Mansion House, on March 6, the Lord Mayor of London pre- siding. Mr. Hamo Thornycroft has been asked if he will undertake the colossal statue, for which a site has been given by the Mayor of Winchester. For the memorial hall, or museum, it has been decided to select the historic grounds of Wolvesey Castle (close to the statue) which, till about a century ago, was the residence of Kings, or the home of the Bishops of Winchester, traditionally from the time of  ## p. 261 (#273) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. Bishop Agilbert, in the seventh century. It has been decided also to issue a popular record of King Alfred's life, containing contributions on Saxon Laws, by Sir Frederick Pollock; on Saxon Arts, by the Rev. W. J. Loftie; on Alfred as a religious man and educationist, by the Bishop of Bristol; Alfred as a geographer, by Sir Clements Mark- ham; as a warrior, by Professor Oman; and as a writer, by Professor Earle. Sir Walter Besant will write an introduction, and the Poet Laureate hopes to contribute verses. — WILLIAM BLACK MEMORIAL- LORD ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL issued, on Feb. 27, the following circular:—A committee has been formed for the purpose of establishing a memorial to the late William Black. It is proposed that friends and admirers of the late novelist throughout the world be invited to contribute to this purpose. This memorial may take the form of a lifeboat for the West Coast of Scotland if a useful position be found for it there. If not, the committee will consider the form the memorial should take. Two officials of the Northern Lights Commissioners are now investigating the matter. A list of the committee will be advertised in the leading journals. In the meantime subscriptions will be received by Messrs. Coutts, 59, Strand, London, and by the editor of the Oban Times, Oban, KB. INTERNATIONAL PRESS CONGRESS. MR. JAMES BAKER, author of "The Cardinal's Page," has just left for Rome, as English delegate to the International Press Congress; he will act as German inter- preter to the English section. The principal subjects for discussion at the congress are an international "carte d'identite" for Press-men travelling abroad; the establishment of a central official periodical for Press matters, although "La Presse Internationale" will serve that purpose at present; Press legislation in various countries; artistic property; reduction of postal tariffs for papers; adoption of an abbreviated international code for Press telegrams; and the legal position of journalists in various countries, &c. We hope to receive a full account of the proceedings from Mr. James Baker for our next issue. THE ROYAL LITERARY FUND. riHHE annual general meeting in connection I with the Royal Literary Fund was held at the offices in Adelphi-terrace, on March 8, Sir M. E. Grant Luff presiding. The report pre- sented by Sir Theodore Martin showed that grants to the amount of .£1905 had been made during the year to twenty-seven different cases. The par- ticulars of these were as follows : Class T. (history and biography, &c.), four grants, .£450 ; Class II. (science and art), four grants, .£230; Class III. (classical literature and education), four grants, £420; Class IV. (novels and tales), four grants, . £ 12 5; Class V. (poetry and the drama), three grants, .£340; Class VI. (miscellaneous), eight grants, .£340; total, twenty-seven grants, .£1905. There were relieved: fourteen males, .£855; thirteen females (viz., eight authors, .£410; four widows, .£600; one orphan, .£40), .£1050; total, .£1905. The total receipts amounted to over .£4000, and of this about .£1800 has been invested. A total sum of .£56,269 is now invested, producing an income of .£1700. Sir T. Martin pointed out that in this way the fund was being rendered less dependent on fluctuating subscriptions. Mr. Brabrook objected that there was no necessity for accumulating investments. They were not a commercial body, but were intended to assist authors and others connected with the pro- fession of literature who had fallen into distress. He knew that the Fund was very well adminis- tered, but he could scarcely think that twenty- seven constituted the whole number of persons it was meant to relieve. He would rather see the number doubled and the amount of relief also doubled than add to the .£60,000 invested capital of this admirably managed institution. He thought the Fund had enough invested to insure stability. Sir T. Martin explained that he had not meant by his remark that they ought in any way to con- tract their grants, but only to invest certain special gifts. The report was adopted unanimously. The Duke of Devonshire and Mr. Edward Dicey were chosen to fill the vacancies among the vice-presi- dents caused by the deaths of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Herschell. CORRESPONDENCE. I.—The Use of Extracts. ISHOULD be much interested to know what is the generally accepted rule for the use of extracts from standard authors, and whether my experience in this respect be an unusual one. A  ## p. 262 (#274) ############################################ 262 THE AUTHOR. short time since the editor of a well-known and long-established magazine accepted from me an article on a literary subject, which contained trans- lations of a few sonnets and extracts from one or two longer poems, made by a distinguished writer who has been dead a few years. I wrote under advice to this gentleman's brother and literary representative to ask his permission to use them. He gave me a cordial consent, but added, "The copyright is in a general sense mine, but the pub- lishers (name and address) have also an interest in it, and it would be better if you consulted them as well. They would, I apprehend, make no difficulty." I was, therefore, considerably sur- prised when the publishers did make a difficulty to the extent of asking two guineas for the use of the extracts. As I did not feel disposed to pay this, I inquired what charge (if any) they would make for the use of part of one extract and three lines from a sonnet. For this they replied they would make a " nominal charge" of i0s. 6d. I declined their kind offer, and either deleted the translations or substituted versions of my own. It was fortunate that I was able to do so without material damage to the article, but there might be circumstances under which it would not be possible. For the use of quotations as chapter headings, or in volumes of extracts, it surely cannot be customary to charge to this extent? If so, I fear literature would suffer, as few authors can afford to pay at this rate, and consequently quotations would be to a great measure barred. I should add that I was, of course, prepared, and told the publishers so, to make full acknowledgment if they had given their consent. f_ N. C. II.—Payment on Acceptance. May I add another to your list of magazines as paying for articles on acceptance? This is the invariable rule of Great Thoughts. Herbert D. Williams. III.—Writing for Low Pay. 1. In reference to certain remarks in the Queen (see enclosed cutting*) may I mention the follow- ing facts? * "A oorreepondent sends a letter concerning the women who write for nothing, or for low pay, because they are placed beyond the need of working for their livelihood. She says that she has sent many papers —stories and other things— to the editors of papers; that they have been accepted; that generally payment is either refused, or that application for payment is not answered. She says, quite rightly, that when an editor receives a MS. he must know that it is not sent as a gift, and that it is his duty either to return the MS. or to warn the author that if it appears it will not be paid for," Women are by no means the worst offenders in this matter. I was for over six years editress of a popular London novelette, which paid one all round price for its stories (.£6) ; but I have had letters over and over again from writers (of both sexes) saying that if only their MSS. could be taken, they would gladly accept £2, and pur- chase 100 copies. I need hardly say the offer was invariably refused. There are—judging from twenty years' experi- ence in what are called penny papers—two classes of people willing to write below market value: 1. The amateur who has a comfortable home, and only wants the pleasure of appearing in print. 2. The very poor and unsophisticated writer, who, knowing nothing of the prices that rule in literary work, honestly thinks £2 or .£3 fair remuneration for a story that took perhaps a week to write. I do not think this class should be harshly judged; they could not earn .£3—or even £2— by teaching, by fancy work, or by any of the many vaunted "Home" employments, their expenditure has been perhaps 6d. of paper, and so the £2 or .£3 when it comes seems handsome. If the correspondent referred to is writing of the better class magazines, notably those pub- lished by religious societies, it is a well-known fact that many clergymen and ladies of rank do write gratuitously for these, thinking it a sort of charity or a work for religion. I have been writing (in penny papers only) for over twenty-five years, but / never once had pay- ment for an article refused. I think perhaps a very simple plan has safe- guarded me from the difficulties mentioned by your correspondent. In writing to strangers (i.e. unknown editors) I always indorse my MSS. on title page: "Payment expected," and in an accom- panying letter I " hope they may be inclined to purchase MSS." (I fancy the general wording is "accept"). I have never known this plan to fail, and now for many years past I have been earn- ing a very comfortable income from penny papers. A Story Writer. 11. The conviction is growing amongst observers of the difficulties, trials, and unnecessary anxieties inflicted upon writers for magazines, reviews, and journals that, until a number of such writers unite upon certain points and, as a body, make a stand for fairness, the present unbusinesslike habits of editors in dealing with MSS. and the unjust rates of payment will continue. Would it be possible for, say, fifty or sixty respected and self-respecting people to adopt some such plan as that followed by typewriters and fix a minimum sum below which they would not sell their articles?  ## p. 263 (#275) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 263 In England the smallest amount per page offered writers of established reputation is one guinea; in the United States about seven dollars. They usually, of course, receive more but never (so far as I am able to ascertain) less. On the other hand, the largest sum offered writers not so well known is, in England, a guinea, in America, seven dollars a page; the smallest is any pittance that an editor chooses to assign; their maximum pay is therefore never greater than the minimum amount received by the well-known. So far the proportion is, perhaps, save in special cases, just. But should their minimum price be permitted to descend below 10s. per page of 500 words, or one guinea for 1000 words for magazines and reviews f Or 15*. per page of 500 words and 30*. for 1000 words for journals, newspapers, and all other publications? No doubt it would seem to editors a joke if they were to receive a printed card setting forth such terms. But why should one set of literary workers continue to press so heavily upon another set? A. M. B. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. T.—Who am I Like? Please allow me a corner in which to traverse the extraordinary statement of a correspondent signing himself "Grammar," that "Who am I like?" is right, and "Whom am I like':'" is wrong. I contend that the latter is correct, the accusa- tive case being governed by the preposition " to" understood. The sentence is really elliptical for "To whom am I like '<" If this does not carry conviction, let us put it to the test by answering the question. "Who am I like?" asks "Grammar." "You are like he," is the grammatically consistent reply. The verb " to be" governs the nominative case! Yes; but the preposition "to" (understood) requires the accusative. In an old novel by Mr. Sala—" The Seven Sons of Mammon "—there are two instances in which that practised writer says "whom I believe was" so-and-so. It is astounding. Cacophony is sometimes inseparable from strict accuracy. This shows that the ear has become degenerate, from being accustomed to incorrect expressions. "He left before I " is quite accurate, if "before" is an adverb of time; it means "before I did." "He left before me" really means that he walked in front of me. Once more. "Those sort of things" and "that sort of things " are both as vile as they can be; ugly and ungrammatical into the bargain. But happily there is a tertium quid. I submit that the true form is " things of that sort." Frederic H. Balfour. II.—The Queen's English. In a morning paper: "There is no shame in a man changing [i.e., who changes] his mind." Then a man who changes his mind is to be supposed devoid of shame, which is hard. The " no shame " is surely not in the man, but in his change of opinion. "There is no harm in a man's expressing his opinion in certain circum- stances "; but to say that a man who expresses his opinions is therefore harmless, would be rash. Yet that is the strict meaning of" There is no harm in a man expressing," &c. False Genitive. BOOK TALE. MR. W. S. LILLY has in the press a new work dealing with the philosophy of government, and entitled "First Prin- ciples in Politics." It will be published imme- diately by Mr. Murray. Mr. J. W. Headlam, of Cambridge, has written a volume entitled " Bismarck and the New German Empire" for Messrs. Putnam's "Heioesof the Nation" Series. One of the most important biographies of the Spring season will naturally be that of William Morris, which Mr. J. W. Mackail has written. Some of the chapters of the book are based prin- cipally on information given to the author by Sir Edwird Burne-Jones, and others who knew Morris intimately have rendered Mr. Mackail similar service. He has also had complete access to Morris's papers, and deals fully with the Socialist part of the career. A new story by B. L. Farjeon, called " Samuel Boyd, of Catchpole Square," is being published by Messrs. Hutchinson. Mr. Max Pemberton's new story "The Garden of Swords" deals with the great siege of Stras- burg in the Franco-German VVar, and in the love- interest the heroine is an English girl who was married to a French officer on the eve of the campaign. The book will be published at once by Messrs. Cassell. Professor Davidson, of Aberdeen University, has written a book on "Christian Ethics" for  ## p. 264 (#276) ############################################ 264 THE AUTHOR. Messrs. A. and C. Black's "Guild Library" Series. In view of the Cromwell Tercentenary on April 25, a book on "Oliver Cromwell and His Times " has been written by Mr. G. Holden Pike, and will be published by Mr. Fisher Unwin. Professor Arber is editing a series of British authologies of English verse, representing 300 authors, and containing about 2500 entire poems and songs, besides a limited number of extracts. The first anthology will deal with the poet Dunbar. Each volume will have an index and a glossary. The Oxford University Press is the publisher. Formal application has been made to the Treasury for a Civil List pension for the widow of the late Mr. Gleeson White. Mr. Wheatley's edition of Pepys's Diary will be complete in two more volumes, one of which con- sists of the index, while the other is devoted to Pepysiana, including a chapter on the relatives of Pepys, and personal notes on his school, college, and business life, and the London of his time. Mr. Henry James (says the Athemeuvi) has written a new novel, called " The Awkward Age," which will appear shortly. Forthcoming art publications by Messrs. George Bell and Sons include " Line and Form," by Mr. Walter Crane; a record and review of the life and work of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, by Mr. H. C. Marillier; a volume on Botticelli, by Mr. Herbert P. Thorne; and one on the Pre-Raphaelite School, by Mr. Percy H. Bate, curator of the Holburne Museum, Bath. An important literary project is a series called, with the approval of the Queen, " The Victoria History of the Counties of England," which will show the condition of the country at the opening of the twentieth centurv. The general editors are Mr. H. Arthur Do'ubleday, F.R.G.S., and Mr. Lawrence Gomme, F.S.A., and the advisory committee includes Lord Salisbury, Lord Roseberv, the Duke of Devonshire, Chancellor of the Uni- versity of Cambridge, the Duke of Portland, the Marquis of Lome, the Earl of Coventry, Ihe Bishop of London, the Bishop of Oxford, Lord Acton, Sir Frederick Pollock, Bart., Sir Edward Maunde Thompson, Sir Henry Maxwell-Lyte, Sir Joseph Hooker, Sir Archibald Geikie, and others. The history of each county will be complete in itself. "Hampshire" is nearly ready, and is in four volumes. The publishers are Messrs. Constable. Mrs. W. M. Ramsay, author of "Everyday Life in Turkey," which was published over a year ago, has now written a novel entitled "The Romance of Elisavet," to be published by Messrs. Hodder and Stoughton. Tennyson's complete poetical works, exclusive of the dramas, will be published in a few days by Messrs. Macmillan in their Globe Library at 3*. 6d. Mr. Tighe Hopkins's novel, " Nell Haffenden," which was published in two volumes some years ago, is now to be issued by Messrs. Chatto and Windus in one volume, with illustrations. "Well, after All," is the title of Mr. Frankfort Moore's new novel, which Messrs. Hutchinson will publish shortly. Robert Louis Stevenson was visiting the Riviera in 1873, and in poor health. How poor was his health may be judged from his own account, which occurs in one of his letters which are at present appearing monthly in Scribner's Magazine. He is writing from Mentoue: I don't see mach beiuty. I have lost ihe key ; I can only be placid and inert, and see the bright daj s go past naelea-ly one after another; therefore, don't talk foolishly with 3 oor month any more abont getting liberty by being ill and going south rid' the sick-bed. It is not the old free-born b'rd that gets thus to freedom; but I know not what manacled and hide-bound spirit, incapable of pleasure, the clay of a man. Go south! Why, I saw more beauty with my eyes health- fully alert to see in two wet windy February afternoons in Scotland than I oan see in my beautiful olive gardens and grey hills in a whole week in my low and lost estate, as the Shorter Catechism puts it somewheie. It is a pitiable blindness, this blindness of the soul; I hope it may not be long with me. So remember to keep well; and remember rather anything than not to keep well; and again I say, anything rather than not to keep well. George Henry Lewes's "Life of Robespierre" is being republished by Messrs. Chapman and Hall, in view of tne forthcoming production of the play written by M. Sardou for Sir Henry Irving. This play is being translated by Mr. Laurence Irving, and will be staged at the Lyceum on April 15. Sixpenny editions of modern works increase almost daily. Two of the latest to be announced in this form are Mr. Ban ie's "A Window in Thrums" and Ian Maclareu's " Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush." They will be illustrated from draw- ings by Mr. William Hole. Sir Edward Russell is writing his memoirs, under the title " That Reminds Me." Mrs. Tyndallis preparing a new and up-to-date edition of Professor Tyndall's work " Hours of Exercise in the Alps," which was published in 1873- Mr. Richard Le Gallienne has been com- missioned by Mr. Lane to write a critical volume upon the works of Mr. Rudyard Kipling.  ## p. 265 (#277) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 265 A story of provincial life, entitled " The Green Field: a novel of the Midlands," by Mr. Neil Wynn- Williams, • will be published by Messrs. Chapman and Hall. Mr. Fred. J. Proctor, whose romance "The Secret of Mark Pepys" was issued by the National Press Agency, London, has agreed to supply a story for the same fiction bureau. The new plot is laid in England, and will run as a serial in thirteen instalments. The " New English Dictionary" is expected to be completed in 1910. An interesting article on this great enterprise appears in the March number of Good Words from the pen of Mr. L. W. Lillingston. Dr. Murray and his assis- tants have read more than 100,000 books expressly for compiling the Dictionary. Mr. George Allen will publish during this month a book of humour, written by Mr. H. A. Spurr, called "A Cockney in Arcadia." The volume will be fully illustrated by Messrs. Hassall and Aldin. Ihe "Cockney" deals with life and character in Holderness, East Yorkshire .— an unexplored field for the writer and humourist. Messrs. W. Meals and Co., of Carlisle, are publishing a "Flora of Cumberland," by Mr. William Hodgson, A.L.S. It contains a full list of the flowering plants and ferns to be found in the county, according to the latest and most reliable authorities. Mr. J. S. Goodchild, of H.M. Geological Survey, has contributed a chapter on the soils of Cumberland. Mr. Bloundelle-Burton's new novel, " Fortune's my Foe," will be published by Pearson and Co. in London, and Appleton and Co. in New York, early in April. The story, although laid in England principally, contains an account of the Siege of Cartagena, in 1741, as well as a descrip- tion of the Battle of Quiberon, in 1759. Mr. James Milne has written a biography of Sir George Grey, which Mes.-rs. Chatto and Windus will have ready in May. The writer injoyed the friendship of Sir George Grey during the last four years of his life, and was made the repository of many reminiscerices. The book will be called "The Romance of a Pro-Consul." Mr. H. G. Wells has written a story called "Love and Mr. Lewisham," which is a study of an assistant schoolmaster who aspires to set the world straight and finds himself hampered by an early marriage. The Duchess of Sutherland has completed a socialistic novel. Mr. Ridrr Haggard's story " The Wizard " has been translated into Swahili for circulation among the natives of the East Coast of Africa, and his "King Solomon's Mines" has been embossed in Braille type by the permission of the author and the publishers, and is being published in Hora Jucunda, the magazine for the blind. '* The Stranding of the White Rose," the Rev. C. Dudley Lampen's new story of adventure, will be published by the S.P.C.K. The book deals with the great lone north-west coast of Australia, the stranding of a tramp steamer thereon, and the extraordinary experiences of a salvage party sent in search of the vessel. Mr. George Somes Layard is writing the life of Mrs. Lynn Linton. Mr. John Davidson is engaged on a poetical play laid in the seventh century. Mr. H. C. Macphersou, editor of the Edin- burgh Evening News ai.d author of "Adam Smith " in the Famous Scots series, is writing a biography of Mr. Herbert Spencer. The collection of eighty-three letters of Sir Walter Scott were purchased at Sotheby's sale- rooms by Mr. William Brown, bookseller, Edin- burgh. At a recent sale of first editions a set of Scott fetched .£226; a set of Mr. Swinburne's works, .£64; and a set of Charles Reade, .£40. "More Methodist Idylls" is the title of Mr. Harry Lindsay's new volume which Mr. James Bowden is to publish immediately. "Methodist Idylls " has enjoyed a large sale, and is now in its third edition. At present Mr. Lindsay is at work on a new historical romance somewhat on the lines of his "The Jacobite," which Messrs. Chatto and Windus published last year. The new romance is provisionally entitled "The Puritan." In view of the fact that a novel called "The Puritans" was published only the other day, the above title, if selected, might cause confusion. A new volume entitled " The Solitary Summer," by the author of "Elizabeth and Her German Garden," will be published shortly by Messrs. Macmillan. "Famous Ladies of the English Court" is a work in which Mrs. Aubrey Richardson makes "an honest endeavour to discern the truth" about great Court ladies of history, alike in respect to their attainments and their shortcomings. X202 was paid by Mr. Quaritch at Sotheby's auction rooms, on March 1, for a first edition of John Forster's " Life of Charles Dickens," extra illustrated with portraits, views, and autographs, printed 1872-4.  ## p. 266 (#278) ############################################ 266 THE AUTHOR. Dr. T. Wemy&s Fulton is the author of a work entitled "The Sovereignty of the Sea," which Messrs. Blackwood will publish shortly. OBITUARY. THE Very Rev. Dr. Andrew K. H. Bovd, Minister of St. Andrews ("A. K. H. B.'"), died at Bournemouth on March I. As an author he was best known for, among his thirty- two volumes, "The Recreations of a Country Parson," "The Graver Thoughts of a Country Parson," "Twenty-five Years of St. Andrews," "St. Andrews and Elsewhere," and "The Last Years of St. Andrews." In the year 1890 Dr. Boyd was Moderator of the Church of Scotland. The circumstances of his death, it appears, were peculiarly sad. Dr. Boyd had been in failing health for some years; he was in the habit of taking sleeping draughts, and also used carbolic acid lotion for external application. On the night of his death he entered Mrs. Boyd's room, and, holding up the carbolic acid bottle, he said, "Isn't this an awful thing? I have taken this in mistake." Dr. Boyd's genial qualities, added to his scholarly distinction, gained for him a wide popularity. He was in his seventy-fourth year, having been born at Auchinleck, Avrshire, in 1825. The late Miss Sara Sophia Hennell was a writer on Bishop Butler and other theological and metaphysical subjects, and an intimate friend of George Eliot. She died at Coventry in her eighty-sixth year. Mr. Andrew Macdonald, formerly editor, and latterly London representative, of the Calcutta Englishman, died after a few days' illness. Mr. Macdonald had a large share, under Dr. Ross, in producing " The Globe Encyclopaedia." He was in the prime of life, having been born in Edin- burgh in 1852. The Rev. A. B. Grosart, D.D., LL.D., who died in Dublin in his sixty-fourth year, was the author of several religious works, but is chiefly known as the industrious editor of reprints of English writers of the sixteenth and seven- teenth centuries. He was an authority on Robert Feiyusson, the Scottish poet, and also edited the Towneley Hall MSS., a famous collection of Jacobite ballads aud satires which appeared in 1877. Mr. Othniel Charles Marsh, the distinguished American naturalist and Professor of Palceon- tology at the University of Yale, died on March 18, of pneumonia. The death of Dr. Leitner, the most distin- guished scientist of our time, was announced in the papers of the 25th. He had not reached his 60th year. As a linguist, a traveller, and a student in Oriental archaeology, Dr. Leitner's loss is one which cannot be filled up. THE BOOKS 0? THE MONTH. [Feb. 23 to March 22—262 Books.] Adams. Gh B. European History: An Outline of its Development. 6,6 net. MacmilUn. Anonymous (author of " Madam's Ward*'). A Tear Between, l - Stevens. Anonymous. Mr. Dooley in Peace and in War. 2/- Rii-hards. Anonymous. Prinsloo of Prinsloosdorp. 3/6. Dunbar Brothers. Auonvmous (An American). History of South America. Tr. from iho Spanish by A. D. Jones. 10/6. Sonnensebein. Anonymous (G. <i.). McGinty's Racehorse, and other Spotting Stories 4/6 net. B*dway. Anonymous (G G.) Riding. 4,6 net. lied way. Anonymous. Twentieth Century New Testament. Trans, into Modern English from Greek. Patt I.: Five Historical Books. 1/6. Mowbray House. Anonymous (miihor of "The Heir of Redelyffa"). Cameos from English History. 18thCentury. Ninth Series. 5/- Macmillan. Ansorge, W. J. Undpr the African Sun. 21/- net. Heinemann. Archer-Hind. R. D . and Hicks, R. D. (ed.). Greek and Latin Cam- bridge Compositions. 10/- Clay. Armstrong's (Lord) Work on Electric Movement In Air and Water; Supplement to. Smith and E. Armstrong, T. N. Guide to Practical Photography. 1/- Dawbarn. Athrrton. Gertrude. A Daughter of the Vine. 6/- Service. Audry, Mrs. W. Early Chapters in Science. 6/- Murray. Badenoch, L. N. Truo Tales of the Insects. 12/- Chapman. Bailey, L. H. The Pi inciples of Agriculture. 4/6. MaciniIIan. Balme, E. The Luck of of the Four-leaved Shamrock. 6/- Routledge. Fates, Arlo The Puritans. 6/- Constable. Beard sley, Aubrey. The Early Work of. With Preparatory Note by H, C. Marillier. 21/6 net. Lane. Peavan, A. H. 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M Elements of Alkaloidal .Etiology. 2 6 net. Kimpttn. Brown, P. Hume. History of Scotland. Vol. I. 6/- Clay. Brown, R. Researches into the Origin of the Primitive Constella- tions of the Greeks, Phoenicians, and Babylonians. Vol. I. 10.6. Williams and N. Bruce, A. B. The EpUtle to the Hebrews. 7/6. T. & T. CI irk. Bruce, H. A. From the Ranks to the Peerage. 6/- Di^rbv. Bufton, J. Gwen Penrt A Welsh Idyll. 5/- Stvofe. Bullen, F. T. Idylls of the Sea, &o. 6/- Richards, Burgln, G. B. The Hermits of Gray's Inn. 6/- Pearson Burleigh, Bennct. Khartoum Campaign 1*98. 12/- Cbap apman. Long. Burrard. W. D. A Weaver of Runes. Butler, Henry Montagu. University and other Sermons. Macmillan and Bowes. Caird, L. H. History of Corsica. &!- Unwin. Cameron, Mrs. Lovctt. A Fair Fraud. 6/- Long- Campbell, D. H. Lectures on the Evolution of Plants. 4/6 ret, Macmillan. Carter, A. T. Outlines of English Legal History. 10 6. Butterwonh. Cavalier, A. R. In Northern India. Story of Mission Work. *, «. Partridge.  ## p. 267 (#279) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 267 Church, A. J. Nlclas and the Sicilian Expedition. Clarke, A. Effects of the Factory System. 2/6. Clarke, Agnes Spencer. Seven Girls. 3/6. Cobban. J. Maclaren. Pnrsood by the Law. 6/- Cook, Theodore A. The Storv of Rouen. 4/6 net. Cooke, J. H. Life of King Alfred the Great. »d. Cooper, J. The Church, Catholic and National. 1/ Conch, Lilian Qulller. The Marble King. 6d. Craddock, C. E. The Story of Old Fort Loudon. 6 Cross, Mary F. Railway Sketches. 1/- 1/6. Seeley. Richards. Simpkln. Long. Dent. H. Burrows. HacLchose. Arrowsmith. Macmillan. White. D'Annunzlo, G. (tr. by G. Harding). The Victim. 6/- Heinemann. Darling-Barker, S. The Trials of Mercy. 6/- Hutchinson. Daudet, L. (tr, by C. Kay) Alphonse Daudet. 8/- Low. Davenport, C. B. Experimental Morphology, Part 2. ft/- net. Macmillan. David, Mrs E. Funafuti, or Three Months on a Coal Island. 12/- Murray. Davies. D. H. 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