https://historysoa.com/files/original/5/322/1898-11-01-The-Author-9-6.pdf e115074037d8e44adf4891f27f98e811 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource The Author Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, The Author, 1890–1914, made available together for the first time. Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&collection=&type=&tags=&exhibit=&date_search_term=&submit_search=Search+For+Items&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1898-11-01 Volume 9 Issue 6 Pages Page range in volume 125–148 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18981101 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin XL he H u t b o r, (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vol. IX.—No. 6.] NOVEMBER i, 1898. [Price Sixpence. For the Opinions expressed in papers that are signed or initialled the Authors alone are responsible. None of the papers or para- graphs must be taken as expressing the collective opinions of the Committee unless they are officially signed by G. Herbert Thring, Sec. THE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all remittances are acknowledged by retnrn of post, and requests that all members not receiving an answer to important communications within two days will write to him without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered letter only. Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub- joots whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS. GENERAL MEMORANDA. FOB some years it has been the praotioe to insert, in every number of The Author, certain " General Con- siderations," Warnings, Notices, &o., for the guidance of the reader. It has been objected as regards these warnings that the tricks or frauds against which they are directed cannot all be guarded against, for obvious reasons. It is, however, well that they should be borne in mind, and if any publisher refuses a clause of precaution he simply reveals his true character, and should be left to oarry on his business in his own way. Let us, however, draw up a few of the rules to be observed in an agreement. There are three methods of dealing with literary property:— I. That of selling it outright. This is in some respects the most satisfactory, if a proper price can be obtained. But the transaction should be managed by a competent agent. II. A profit-sharing agreement. In this case the following rules should be attended to: (1.) Not to sign any agreement in which the cost of pro- duction forms a part. (2.) Not to give the publisher the power of putting the profits into his own pocket by charging for advertisements in his own organs: or by charging exchange advertise- ments. (3.) Not to allow a special charge for " office expenses," unless the same allowance is made to the author. (4.) Not to give up American, Colonial, or Continental rights. (5.) Not to give up serial or translation rights. (6.) Not to bind yourself for future work to any publisher. As well bind yourself for the future to any one solicitor or doctor I (7.) To stamp the agreement. III. The royalty system. In this system, which has opened the door to a most amazing amount of overreaching and trading on the author's ignorance, it is above all things necessary to know what the proposed royalty means to both rides. It is now possible for an author to ascertain approximately and very nearly the truth. From time to time the very important figures connected with royalties are published in The Author. Readers can also work out the figures themselves from the "Cost of Production." Let no one, not even the youngest writer, sign a royalty agreement without finding out what it gives the publisher as well as himself. It has been objected that these precautions presuppose a great success for the book, and that very few books indeed attain to this great success. That is quite true : but there is always this uncertainty of literary property that, although the works of a great many authors carry with them no risk at all, and although of a great many it is known within a few copies what will be their minimum circulation, it is not known what will be their maximum. Therefore every author, for every book, should arrange on the chance of a success which will not, probably, come at all; but which may come. The four points which the Society has always demanded from the outset are:— (1.) That both sides shall know what an agreement means. (2.) The inspection of those account books which belong to the author. We are advised that this is a right, in the nature of a oommon law right, which cannot be denied or withheld. (3.) That there shall be no secret profits. (4.) That nothing shall be charged which has not been actually paid—for instance, that there shall be no charge for advertisements in the publisher's own organs and none for exchanged advertisements, and that all discounts shall be duly entered. If these points are carefully looked after, the author may rest pretty well assured that he is in right hands. At the same time he will do well to send his agreement to the seoretary before he signs it. ## p. 126 (#138) ############################################ i26 THE AUTHOR. HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY. i. LI VERY member has a right to ask for and to receive ITi advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub- lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his business or the administration of his property. If the advioe sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member has a right to an opinion from the Society's solicitors. If the case is such that Counsel's opinion is desirable, the Com- mittee will obtain for him Counsel's opinion. All this without any cost to the member. 2. Remember that questions connected with copyright and publisher's agreements do not generally fall within the experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually engaged upon such questions for us. 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books represented. This is in order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree- ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor- mation thus obtained may prove invaluable. 4. If the examination of your previous business trans- actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should take advice as to a change of publishers. 5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro- posed document to the Society for examination. 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the oase of fraudnlent houses—the tricks of every publish- ing firm in the oountry. 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen- dence of the writer. 8. Send to the Editor of The Author notes of every- thing important to literature that you may hear or meet with. 9. The Committee have now arranged for the reception of members' agreements and their preservation in a fireproof safe. The agreements will, of coarse, be regarded as con- fidential documents to be read only by the Secretary, who will keep the key of the safe. The Sooiety now offers:—(1) To read and advise npon agreements and publishers. (2) To stamp agreements in readiness for a possible action upon them. (3) To keep agreements. (4) To enforce payments due according to agreements. Communications for The Author should reach the Editor not later than the 21st of each month. All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate to the Editor any points oonnected with their work which it would be advisable in the general interest to publish. Members and others who wish their MSS. read are requested not to send them to the Offioe without previously communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in which they are received. It must also be distinctly under- stood that the Society does not, under any circumstances, undertake the publication of MSS. The present location of the Authors' Club is at 3, White- hall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Seoretary for information, rules of admission, Ac. Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they have paid their subscriptions for the year? If they will do this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker's order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the trouble of sending out a reminder Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the following warning. It is a most foolish and may be a most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether ho was honest or dishonest? Of course they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to- sign themselves into literary bondage for three or five years? "Those who possess the 'Cost of Production' are requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15 per cent." This clause was inserted three or four years ago. Estimates have, however, reoently been obtained which show that the figures in the book may be relied on as nearly oorrect: as near as is possible. Some remarks have been made npon the amount charged in the " Cost of Production" for advertising. Of course, we have not included any sums which may be charged for inserting advertisements in the publisher's own magazines, or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from sweeping the whole profits of a book into hia own pocket, by inserting any number of advertisements in his own magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those who practise this method of a welling their own profits call it NOTICES. THE Editor of The Author begs to remind members of the Society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great many members did not forward to the Seoretary the modest 08. 6d. subscription for the year. The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and communications on all subjects connected with literature from members and others. Nothing can do more good to the Society than to make The Author complete, attractive, and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this work send their names and the special subjects on which they are willing to write? THE AUTHORS' CLUB. ri^HE Directors have the pleasure to inform I the members of the Authors' Society that the new lease of the club premises has now been settled, and that the additional rooms will shortly be opened. One obstacle to the prosperous development of the club has been the comparatively limited accommodation offered to members, and com- plaints have been put forward from time to time that it was impossible, for that reason, for ## p. 127 (#139) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 127 members to ask their friends to join. The new large coffee room will give increased facilities for dining, and the directors expect to see an accession of new members to the club. They feel assured, after the very cordial expression of goodwill at the last general meeting, that in taking over the new rooms they have adopted a course which will receive the hearty support of all the members, and which will be to the advan- tage of the club. G. Herbert Theing, Secretary. LITERARY PROPERTY. I. —A County Couet Decision.—Spicer v. Nutt. ON the 17th Oct., in the Westminster County Court, Judge Lumley Smith, Q.C., and a jury heard the case of Spicer v. Nutt, an action brought by an Oxford clergyman against a Strand publisher and bookseller, to recover .£41 is. Sd., profits on the sale of a book called "The Baba Log." The defendant claimed £21 is. Sd. as a set-off, and paid £20 into court. The Rev. J. M. Macdonald, a missionary in India, wrote the book, a work for children in British India, and got the Rev. Mr. Spicer to have it published. The plaintiff agreed to pay Mr. Nutt. He did so for some editions, and guaranteed to pay for any further editions Mr. Macdonald ordered. Mr. Macdonald had a cor- respondence with Mr. Nutt as to publishing a cheaper edition for use in schools in India as a text-book, and ordered eventually 500 copies as a school edition. The plaintiff refused to pay the loss on that edition, £21 is. Sd., as he only, he said, guaranteed to pay for further editions of the book as he saw it—the higher priced edition. The defendant contended that the school edition was precisely the same except the binding, and was practically the same book. The jury found for the plaintiff for the amount claimed, and judgment was given accordingly with costs.—Daily Graphic. II. —Copyright in Holland and Germany. The following, which we quote from our con- temporary Das Jiecht der Feder, a German organ for the protection of copyright, is probably of greater interest to English authors than the majority of them suspect. Not everyone has noticed in how many Dutch newspapers the feuilleton is a translation of an English novel. The Netherlands Union for the Advancement of the Bookselling Trade has, at its general meeting, decided, by a majority of eighty-one to forty, to take no steps in favour of the adhesion of Holland to the Berne Union. Herr A. J. Robbeen, a partisan of adhesion to the Union, divides the opponents of that step into three classes: 1. A few small printer-publishers who procure translations of foreign novels, and print them to keep their presses going. The cost of production being inconsiderable, the smallest sales produce some profit. 2. Editors of newspapers who wish to procure feuilletons at starvation prices. 3. Theatrical speculators. On the contrary—so Herr Robbeen asserts— all Dutch authors, all the great publishers, and all the educated public are in favour of adhesion. This opinion of his is hardly supported by the fact that a number of Dutch statesmen and jurists have always declared themselves to be opponents of international copyright. Amongst these Dr. J. D. Veergens has, in his writings, expressed the following opinions: "I consider the exploded doctrine of so-called intellectual property to be absolutely untenable. "Translation is not piracy, but original work. "An idea as soon as it is expressed is public property. "Holland has not joined the Berne Union, first of all, because, in the interests of the community, the Government was indisposed to sacrifice the fundamental liberty of transla- tion. "To this liberty Holland must hold fast." From these and some other principles of equity adduced by Dr. Veergens, Dr. Robbeen deduces the conclusion that, "according to Veergens, copyright exists only in consequence of legal enactment. Were there no legislation on the subject there would be no right." Dr. J. A. Levy, a former deputy, seconds Dr. Veergens by saying: "Thought is the highest expression of the intellectual faculty of man. Thought exists in order to be disseminated. Only dissemination can make it fruitful. In conse- quence, any hindrance of its dissemination is an unpardonable crime against the evolution of humanity. For this reason no one any longer speaks of literary property as a legal right. . . One respects the rights of authors. But transla- tion forms no part of an author's rights. . . . The translator works in his own sphere of thought, in his own world of imagination. Into that sphere the original author does not enter: the translator is absolute master. By what pretence, by what shadow of right, can the translator's ## p. 128 (#140) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. intellectual labour be denied the quality of origi- nality? No two translations are alike." Das Recht der Feder remarks on these charm- ing statements: "That the liberty defended by these gentlemen is that of the highwayman has entirely escaped their observation. And are the highest nights of imagination those which they have been so desirous to reproduce? Certainly not. Only his own interests make the translator a thief. The foulest pamphlet that delights the herd is by far more precious to him than the most important intellectual work, which pleases only a few cultivated people. The former brings in, the latter costs, money. Culture that takes money out of his pocket? Not if he knows it! Multa- tuli was right. There is a robber State between East Friesland and the Scheldt. When will the Dutch open their eyes to the fact that the protec- tion of the rights of foreign authors is the best protection of national production?" The German Union of Authors ("Schrifts- teller Verband") on the occasion of the annual general meeting at Wiesbaden, in September, turned its attention to the proposed revision of the copyright law of the German Empire, and passed several important resolutions :— 1. That this meeting expresses its satisfaction at the prospect of a revision of the law. 2. That the meeting trusts that before the projected law is placed in the statute-book it may be submitted for public criticism. 3. That the union shall appoint a commission to determine (after making general inquiries ainongst authors) what are the particular points which should be taken into consideration by the new legislation, and to lay the results of its in- quiries before the Legislature. On the motion of Herr M. Hilde brand four general propositions respecting the lines which the new Legislature should take were also passed, the second and fourth not without opposition :— 1. The passing of a single enactment, replacing the imperial laws of June 11, 1870, and Jan. 9, 1876. 2. Protection of copyright irrespective of the nationality of the author or original locality of publication. 3. Reproduction of newspaper articles to be piracy—if for pecuniary advantage, or in order to avoid the expense of procuring independent 'information. 4. A tax—to be applied to benevolent insti- tutions for authors — to be imposed upon all works of which the copyright has lapsed. In defence of his second proposition, Herr Hildebrand pleaded that making a distinction between authors of different nationalities pro- duces in the mind of the public a confusion of ideas respecting the nature of literary property. In a civilised State, such as the German Empire, a man ought not to be robbed because he happens to be a Roumanian or a Greek. Translation of an Article Reprinted from "Hannover schen Courier" in "Das Recht der Feder" No. 143, October 2, 1898, p. 156. We may express the hope that it [the revision of the German Copyright Law] will not result in a mere recension intended to amend certain par- ticulars in which the law of 1870 has been left behind by subsequent international conventions, but that the Government may show itself disposed to favour more advanced wishes. For some time past a tendency that certainly deserves respect, has existed in the German literary world, or at least in that section of it which concerns itself about these copyright questions that so closely affect literary men—it is much to be regretted that more great names do not belong to that section of the literary world. On this subject a correspondent writes to us: "Discerning authors have already availed them- selves of the opportunity of discussing the revision of the law at congresses. Our present copyright law protects only the German author from un- authorised reproduction. Foreign authors are protected only in so far as conventions exist with their respective States. Literary works produced in States with which we have no such conventions (for example Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Greece, Turkey, and many others) can be translated or reproduced amongst us without restrictions, and vice versd. The wishes of literary circles, so far as these have been expressed, now go so far as to desire that the new law should protect all intel- lectual productions from translation, reproduction, dramatisation, performance, &c., irrespective of the country in which the author lives. This pro- posal at first sight appears to result from taking a purely idealistic point of view. The Russian author will be protected in Germany, and the German author will be absolutely unprotected in Russia. Nevertheless, solid realities lie at the base of the proposal. When we protect the foreign author from being taken advantage of, we compel the German publisher who desires to bring out a foreign work to come to terms with the author. The publisher will have to pay the author and the translator, and, in consequence, the foreign work will be made more expensive; for example, the foreign novel, which at present plays so im- portant a rile in our newspapers and elsewhere. Under these circumstances only those foreign ## p. 129 (#141) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. works will be translated upon which it is worth while to spend some money. The German author will be liberated from the base competition of bad translations of foreign mediocre works which are practically mere poor imitations either of our own or of French literature; and German intellectual labour will consequently increase in both material and ideal value, seeing that the German author, liberated from the meanest competition, will be able to emancipate himself from anenervating over- production. The proof of the correctness of this view is at hand. France has had a law of this sort—ein solches Gesetz, but this statement seems to require qualification—since 1852, and French literature and French authors stand in the highest estimation. Supposing that a few journalistic pirates, in Russia or Holland or elsewhere, wrest foreign literary productions to their own advan- tage, they do so at the cost of the development of their own literature, which cannot but be a gain to us. It is to be anticipated also that this view may be taken by the representatives of our Government; for example. Privy Councillor Reichard, of the Foreign Office—I am unable to find the name of Reichard in the books of reference at my disposal—on one occasion re- marked at a conference on international negotia- tions, 'Only the nation which has a strong copy- right law can possess a literature.'" The opinions here expressed certainly contain much that is to the point. On the other hand, it is not possible at once to set aside the considera- tion that by this one-sided protection of literary work we may be surrendering a weapon that might compel foreign States to abstain from pirating German literature. Revision of the German Copyright Law. Herr Hildebrand, president of the Deutscher Schriftsteller Genossenschaft, in his excellent journal, Das Recht der Feder, is making strong protests against the constitution of the commis- sion of experts entrusted with the preliminary consultations respecting the very important pro- ject of the revision of the German imperial copyright law. "Nine publishers, but not a single literary celebrity!" he exclaims, and not without reason. Associated with the names of imperial officials and legal authorities we find those of Brockhaus, Mulbrecht, and Voigtlander, of the musical booksellers Birkmeyer, Bock, Strecher, also of Engelhorn (President of the German booksellers' Borsenverein) and of Von Hase (President of the Musical Booksellers' Society). But literature is represented by Herr Hildebrand himself alone, whilst, to quote his own words, " the name of no single author of celebrity vol.. rx. appears on the list." He adds modestly: "That the honourable enterprise of defending the rights of authors against the interests of publishers should have been left to me alone, appears to me by n'o means a satisfactory arrangement." Mean- while the protests of some of the trade journals against his large-minded views of copyright draw from him the strong remark " that certain pub- lishers should be alarmed at the prospect of being compelled to earn their bread honestly, and of being prevented from stealing, is quite compre- hensible." And in conclusion he adds: "What the interests of authors are must be learned from authors, not from their publishers," in which we entirely agree with him III.—The Pall Mall on Mr. Victor Spiees. "There is a long letter in The Author this month from Mr. Victor Spiers which raises an interesting point in the relation between the publisher and the writer of books. . . . Mr. Spiers has taken to issuing his books through a distributing agent, as, it appears, Miss Braddon does also, and his reason for recommending that method is practi- cally this: that you should not trust any man in the dark. Suppose one publishes a book on the royalty system; the publisher after a due period says that so many copies have been sold and pays accordingly. But, says Mr. Spiers, how do you know how many copies have been sold? You rely on the publisher's bare word, and that is not businesslike. Mr. Spiers proposes as an amendment to this practice that the printer should take his orders from the publisher and the author jointly, and should render his account to both. But every publishing house would refuse to accept such a clause in an agreement, and would regard the proposal as a slur upon its integrity. That is, of course, the case; and I think that there is a good deal to be said against the attitude adopted by publishers in this matter. For, even if it be granted that nine publishers out of ten are to be trusted implicitly, there is always the tenth man to consider. If A., B., C, and D., whom I can trust blindfolded, do not want to publish my book, how can I go to E. and say: 'The arrangement which I should be willing to accept with A., B., C, or D., implies more confi- dence in the publisher than I should be willing to extend to you'? Thus the action of the trustworthy houses throws temptation in the way of those who are less honest. And it must be remembered that publishers have no control over members of their trade. A solicitor who has defrauded his client may be struck off the rolls, but a publisher cannot be. What Mr. Sp calls ' the large, old and respected houses' would P ## p. 130 (#142) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. have probably everything to gain by accepting 'a legal examination of accounts.' Once the point was conceded in theory not one author in twenty would care to pay the expenses of such an inquiry."—Pall Mall Gazette, Oct. 8. Mr. Victor Spiers has sent a second letter to the Pall Mall Gazette. It contains a statement of the greatest interest: In my first letter I suggested a simpler alternative than a legal audit of accounts : it was merely that into the agree- ment should be inserted a clause to the effect that the printer should print only upon receipt of an order bearing the joint signature of author and publisher. Some of your many readers may be interested to hear that a large Paris house actually gives these very terms in its contracts; at any rate, I have just heard that they have been given to one author, who moreover has the stereos under his oontrol, and actually has in his possession a few plates of one of bis books. Nor is it likely that he is the only one thus privileged. The general adoption of this clause would do away with the unpleasant feeling that undoubtedly exists in the minds of most authors, and that, undoubtedly again, should not be permitted to exist in the relations between honourable men. Suspicion ought not to exist in the relations between honourable men. That is true. It is impossible to exist between honourable men. But when we have two sides, one of whom, like Mr. Spiers, demands nothing but honesty and the ordinary proofs of honesty, and the other side absolutely refuses these proofs, on which side does honour lie? Let us remember that in the famous " draft agreements'' there is not one word of concession. Why, even the charge for advertise- ments not paid for is left without a word of remonstrance! . IV.—A Question of Eight. In the number of the Publishers' Circular dated Oct. 8 a letter appeared, signed "A Publisher." The writer begins with the usual petty spitefulness about this Society. It appears that we are not "representative." He then pro- ceeds to state certain considerations, especially that when cases are submitted to the Publishers' Association or the Authors' Society, neither of these bodies is pledged to secrecy. "Has either publisher or author the right of referring a dis- pute, including communication of all documents bearing upon it, to the Publishers' Association or to the Society of Authors without first obtaining the consent of the other party; and, if he does so, will an action for damages lie?" His question in effect is: "Has an author or a publisher the legal right of making public to his association the terms of any dispute and the com- munication of all documents bearing upon it?" I write from the author's point of view. An author has a certain property. He employs an agent to administer that property on certain terms. He subsequently has a dispute with that agent. J£ he thinks it desirable he can refer the dispute, with all papers concerning it, to any person. In the case of referring it to the Authors' Society he refers it to them as an Asso- ciation which can be of valuable assistance in defending him and his property. The same remark would apply where the author sells the copyright or his property outright to the pub- lisher. Apart from this broad principle, how- ever, an author refers to the Secretary of the Society in the first instance as to a solicitor, and receives advice from the Secretary as from a solicitor, the Secretary holding all such communi- cations in confidence. If, subsequently, owing to the dispute not being satisfactorily settled, the author desires the matter referred to the Com- mittee, it is still treated in confidence as far as the Committee are concerned. The author, how- ever, has the right of putting his statement of facts before anyone he may choose, whether the Secretary of the Society, the Committee, or the public. The writer states as follows: "It is obvious that neither body can be regarded naturally as an arbitration tribunal." Such a remark is wholly unnecessary, though in some cases, with the con- sent of both parties, it might be advantageous to accept the Authors' Society or their authorised representative as an arbitrator. In three cases that came before the Secretary last year when matters were in dispute between author and pub- lisher, and the issue was one that could be best settled by arbitration, the publisher accepted the settlement of the case on the basis proposed by the Secretary and the Society's solicitors. That such should be the case speaks very favourably for the Society's fairness in cases of dispute and to a recognition of the fact that while the Society exists for its members it does not entertain any desire to injure other people. The main gist of the question, however, appears to be that the "Publisher," whoever he may be, strongly objects to have his own practices or those of his brothers in trade made public. Q-. H. T. V.—CONTKIBUTIONS TO MAGAZINES. (From the Law Journal, by permission.) Section 18 of the Copyright Act of 1842 (5 & 6 Vict. c. 45) provides that, when the proprietor or conductor of an encyclopaedia, magazine, review, or periodical or serial work, employs persons to compose articles, essays, poems, or any portion of such works, the copy- right of the articles, essays, &c., shall vest in such proprietor or conductor, provided that the articles ## p. 131 (#143) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. »3i were composed " on the terms that the copyright shall belong to such proprietor," &c., and have actually been paid for, and subject to a right on the part of the composer to publish his composi- tions in a separate form at the expiration of twenty-eight years from the date of their first appearance in the encyclopaedia, magazine, or other work. Tor some years after the passing of the Act it was a disputed question what was the precise meaning of the words "on the terms that the copyright shall belong to such proprietor," <fec. Was it sufficient to show that there had actually been payment for an article in order to vest the copyright in it in the proprietor of the magazine in which it appeared? Must there have been an express agreement that the copy- right should pass from the author to the pro- prietor, or could a transfer be implied from circumstances? In Sweet v. Benning (24 Law J. Eep. C. P. 175; 16 C. B. 459) the Court of Common Pleas held that the transfer of copyright to the magazine proprietor might take place by implication, as well as by express agreement. "Where," said Chief Justice Jervis (24 Law J. Eep. C. P. 179; 16 C. B. 480), "the proprietor of a periodical employs a gentleman to write a given article or a series of articles or reports, expressly for the purpose of publication therein, of necessity it is implied that the copyright of the articles so expressly written for such periodical and paid for by the proprietors and publishers thereof, shall be the property of such proprietors and publishers; otherwise, it might be that the author might, the day after his article has been published by the persons for whom he contracted to write it, republish it in a separate form, or in another serial, and there would be no corres- pondent benefit to the original publishers for the payment they had made." But the impli- cation does not arise from the mere fact that payment has been made for the article ( Walter v. Howe, 50 Law J. Rep. Chanc. 621; L. R. 17 Chanc. Div.). The copyright was in the first instance in the author, and it remains in him except in so far as he can be shown to have parted with it {Hereford v. Griffin, 17 Law J. Rep. Chanc. 210; 16 Sim. 190; Smith v. John- son, 33 Law J. Rep. Chanc. 137; 4 Giff. 632). Under the existing law, therefore, the offer of an article to the proprietors of a periodical will not carry copyright even upon payment, if the article has not actually been written in pursu- ance of a previous arrangement, express or implied. The section, in fact, is only applicable when the author, before commencing to write, has entered into an agreement with the maga- zine proprietor in express terms, or in terms which may be implied to have existed through VOL. IX. the subsequent action, relations, or behaviour of the parties. The two bills recently before Parliament, intro- duced by Lords Herschell and Monkswell, made the following proposals as to this class of litera- ture. Unlike the Act of 1842, which treated encyclopaedias and magazines in precisely the same way, the present bills divide them into two classes consisting of (1) encyclopaedias, dictionaries, and similar collective works; (2) magazines, reviews, and other periodicals. In the first class the copyright in contributions will belong to the owner of the compilation dur- ing the entire period for which copyright will exist, and he or his assigns will be the only persons entitled to take action in case of an infringement. If the author wishes to reserve copyright to himself, he must enter into a special written agreement to that effect. It is obvious that this is a more favourable arrangement for proprietors of collective works than exists in the present state of the law, when at the latest, con- tributors to such works are entitled to republish their contributions in separate form at the end of twenty years. In the second class the copyright in contribu- tions will remain in the authors; but, provided that payment has been made by the owner of the magazine, &c., to which they are contributed, the authors will not be at liberty to republish their contributions in a separate form until the expira- tion of three years from the date when they first appeared (or three years from the end of the year in which they first appeared, as Lord Herschell's Bill proposes). Authors are, how- ever, at liberty to register their contributions at Stationers' Hall as separate publications imme- diately on their appearance, and can then claim damages for infringement of copyright although the three years have not elapsed. As under the existing law, the magazine proprieters will have the sole right of publication in their magazines (but not otherwise) during the entire subsistence of the copyright. Here, again, the proprietors will be somewhat more favourably placed than at present, because they will be legally entitled to prevent separate publication on the author's part for the specified period of three years, whereas the only check that at present exists upon separate publication by an author on the day after his article has appeared in a magazine is, in the absence of a special stipulation, the im- probability that he would see his signature at the foot of any further contributions in the same magazine. With most contributors this would, no doubt, be a sufficiently powerful incentive to refrain from any unfair dealing, but the new proposal places the rights of the various parties ## p. 132 (#144) ############################################ 132 THE AUTHOR. on a clearer and more settled basis than at present, and is therefore desirable from every point of view. Under existing conditions it is not an unusual course among authors, when submitting their contributions for an editor's approval, to notify their desire to reserve the copyright. As the law stands, this would appear to be a work of supere- rogation, but what will be necessary when the provisions of these bills become law will be a notification that the contributor desires to reserve the right of republication before the statutory three years, if such is the case. Probably, how- ever, the majority of contributors will not object to the practical relinquishment of their copyright for a period which does not seem to be unreason- ably long to duly safeguard the interests of the owners of periodicals. VI.—The Question of Overs. This point has been raised before. It was brought before the notice of the Secretary for the first time by receiving a publisher's account, in which the author was credited with the " overs." In three editions of a thousand each they made a considerable difference in the sum due to him. Now it must be remarked that this is the only account ever received at the office in which the "overs " were so much as mentioned. If a pub- lisher is asked about them, he says that they are not worth mentioning, or that there are no "overs," or that the "overs" were used up to complete imperfect copies. He might, however, just as well say that two or three copies, or two or three dozen copies, are not worth mentioning. Now, a certain authority states that publishers expect from 5 to 10 per cent. of " overs." This seems to mean that, on an edition of 1000, there are fifty to 100 "overs," which seems too many. On this subject some exact information is greatly to be desired. If "overs" mean anything like fifty in a thousand, then a monstrous system of fraud has been practised, so far with absolute impunity. THE INTERNATIONAL PRESS CONGRESS AT LISBON. THREE years have elapsed since I had the pleasure of writing upon the International Press Congress in The Author. In Nov., 1895,1 described the work done at Bordeaux, where a goodly gathering of English were present; but since then, owing to the action of the Institute of Journalists, the English have taken no part in this international work for the better- ing of journalists. But this year, thanks to the establishment of the "British International Association of Journalists," with Miss G. B. Stuart as the energetic secretary, and Mr. P. W. Clayden as president, again English journalists have had a voice at this important congress. The meeting at Lisbon promised to be an important and interesting one, and those of us who were in Holland for the Queen's enthrone- ment felt, perhaps, more than others the care of the combined Dutch and Congress committees, for we were pleasantly sent direct, on a well-found Dutch East Indiaman, to Lisbon, where we were received in state by the ex-Minister of Marine of Portugal. In this fascinating capital we met 396 journalists of eighteen nationalities, the French predominating in numbers, and we soon found the local committee had indeed done everything for the "congressites." The blue "Carnet" with the "Ordre du Jour," "Emploi du Temps " we quickly found was a passe-partout in Lisbon. The solemn inauguration on Monday, the 26th Sept., was a short but important ceremony, H.M. the King of Portugal presiding, with the Queen and Dom Alphonso Infanta on either hand, the members of the Corps Diplomatique and the Municipality of Lisbon ranging round their Majesties. The Great Hall of the Geographical Society (the whole building being given over as a club to the congressites) was filled with a brilliant gathering of Portuguese, and when M. Singer, the president of the Congress, rose to give his opening address, the scene was im- pressive. The King replied in a happy impromtu, referring to the fact that he had just presided at a medical congress,a gathering of those who cared for the body, whilst before him were those who cared for and healed the mind. The cheers at the end of the King's speech in every European tongue were very cordial. The English secured seats in the front at the gangway, and near them were the Dutch, Scandi- navian, and Polish contingents; the Germans this year numbered thirty, Professor Koch, of Heidelberg, presiding on the third day. International Telegraphic Tariffs. On Tuesday, at the first session, Mr. P. W. Clayden was elected to the Central Bureau as the English representative, and took his seat on the platform after the reading of the secre- tary's and treasurer's reports. The very im- portant matter of international telegraphic tariffs was brought forward by M. de Beraza, of Spain. ## p. 133 (#145) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. i33 For four years the Central Bureau, with M. Beraza, has been working for a reduction iu the tariff for international Press telegrams, and have succeeded so far, that a convention has been signed between France and Spain, and an arrange- ment has been entered into between France and Luxembourg. Other countries have been loth to take the matter up. England was disposed to accept an arrangement, and asked for further information, and later on was inclined to agree to a reduced tax during the night. A brisk discussion arose on this report, the speakers being Dr. Israel and M. Elont, of Holland; M. Constant, of France; and S. Beraza, of Spain; the writer hereof causing some amuse- ment by pointing out that the telegraphic Press rate to England was only 400 reis for 100 words, at the same time urging that the English suggestion of a reduction during the night be accepted as a step in advance. Finally it was agreed that the committee of direction should carry on their negotiations with the various countries. A little diversion was caused during this debate by an English member demanding that, as in all international congresses, the question to be voted upon, and any amendments, or rdsumd of any important speech, should be given in English and German, if spoken in French. The President (M. Singer) added his weight to this suggestion, and it was agreed to, but only in one or two cases acted upon. The subject of an International Bureau for Journalists was then brought forward by M. Torelli-Viollier and M. Janzon. This bureau is already at work, 431 journalists being inscribed upon its roll; so that any editor can know at once whom to apply to all over Europe for news, upon any important event happening where he has no correspondent. . This ended the work of the first session, and in the afternoon the "congressites" betook them- selves by special train to that paradise Southey has rapturously described—Cintra. The Moorish palace of the King on its rocky height, with the vast, glorious views of piled volcanic crag, vintaged plain, and olive and palmed-clothed vales, were long lingered over; but an al fresco lunch in the grounds below, and some of the vintage of the district, transformed sedate profes- sors and aged journalists into jovial schoolboys decorated with palms, and feathers, and flowers, trophies of the feast. In the cool of the evening the wondrously beautiful tropical gardens and park of Monserrat were visited; and the drive back beneath the soft light of the full moon, beneath the arching trees, was a most delightful experience. The Reproduction op Articles. At 9.30 on the next morning, with a full house, the stormy question of the "Right of Reproduc- tion of Political Articles " was introduced by M. Albert Bataille. At Stockholm, in 1897, the copyright of telegrams had been sustained, but, in the interest of a free propaganda of ideas, this question had been reserved for the Lisbon Congress. M. Bataille's report was well worked out, and gave rise to a most animated discussion. Personally, I was much interested in this debate, for on Jan. 15, 1891, at a meeting of the Society of Authors, Sir F. Pollock in the chair, I brought up the question of " Copyright in Lite- rary Style in News Notes "; and in the Law Journal of Jan. 24 Mr. J. M. Lely wrote a leader- ette upon the subject. Here, from the report, the thing I had spoken for seven years ago was within measurable distance of becoming inter- national law. M. Bataille urged that no article should be printed without the consent of the author or the journal, but this was combated strongly by MM. Waalwijk and Elont, of Holland; and a brilliant passage of arms occurred between M. Constant and M. Bataille. I ventured to claim copyright, not only for political and other articles, but also for " notes," as so much journalism now consists of "notes." Finally, after a warm dis- cussion that never descended into chaos, as did the discussion on this knotty question in Bor- deaux, it was unanimously voted: "That, as far as concerns the reproduction of articles, treating of political, religious, economical, and social sub- jects, the right of citation is recognised in the superior interest of free discussion; but, in all cases, the journal reproducing must quote the name of the author and the journal from which the article is taken." Mr. Warden, the secretary to the English section, pointed out that few English articles were signed, but the word "author" was introduced into the motion, as, of course, foreign articles are so usually signed. The whole matter will now be prepared for the Diplomatic Conference at Berlin, in 1901—that is, preparatory to the completion of the Berne Con- vention; and it is hoped that all literary news- paper work, including "notes"—that I was assured by the "rapporteurs" upon this matter should not be overlooked—will become inter- nationally copyright. There is already a clause in Lord Monkswell's Bill partially to effect this in England. This was the most exciting debate of the Congress, and it showed how the members had advanced in self-control since the Bordeaux meeting. Yet, as M. Bataille remarked to me at the banquet in the Opera House, "we must go on improving." A sense of satisfaction was ## p. 134 (#146) ############################################ 134 THE AUTHOR. very widely expressed that an English contin- gent was again present, and hopes uttered that next year our numbers would be greater. At the third session, the subject of profes- sional education for journalists was brought up by M. Bataille. Dr. Koch, of Heidelberg, explained his course of lectures on journalism; and a report was received that a school for journalists was to be opened in the Figaro office. On the question of an international tribunal of arbitration, it was decided the Central Bureau should be this tribunal; and it was also left to the Bureau to take up the matter of cards of identity to act as passports for journalists. Altogether, in spite of a somewhat weak agenda, good work was done, and many an international friendship made that ought to work for good, individually and collectively. A Social Success. Socially the Congress was an immense suc- cess. The King and Queen held a special reception at the Ajuda Palace on their joint birthdays, that fell on Sept. 28, a brilliant function that was succeeded by the birthday levie in the Throne-room, at which I also had the pleasure of being present. The gracious affa- bility of the Queen and her majestic beauty completely won the hearts of all the "con- gressites"; and the Lisbon committee sought every possible means to give pleasure to the journalists. An excursion to the historic Thomar and to Cascaes, with banquets and luncheons and illuminations, and an exceptionally brilliant bull- fight of the Portuguese type, that has none of the brutal cruelty to the horses, gave the members a good insight into Portuguese life. The send- off to Oporto with luncheon en route at Pampil- hosa, was a most hearty and enjoyable ending to the Lisbon festivities, Oporto taking up the warm hospitality in a most cordial and even bewilder- ing fashion. Few who were there will forget the rare charm and beauty of Lisbon, and the rich nature and wild scenery of Portugal. After the President, Councillor A. Ennes, the English were especially indebted to Dr. M. Lima and Sefiors Mendonca de Costa and Tavares, and, as usual, the whole of the " congressites " owe much to the indefatigable and courteous secretary, M. Victor Taunays. The next Congress will be held at Borne in 1899, Paris asserting its claim for 1900. James Baker. NOTES AND NEWS. THE Secretary has been instructed to ask the Committee of the Publishers' Association if they desire to reply to the strictures on their Draft Agreements contained in the July number of The Author. In reply they have- expressed a desire to confer on the Draft Agree- ments. The Committee of the Authors' Society have refused to hold any conference on these documents. The Daily Chronicle (Oct. 18), in an article naturally called for by the De Rougemont expo- sure, spoke strongly of the gradual degenera- tion of periodical literature. "The spread," it said, "of a certain education, the constant cheapening of production, and the rapid expan- sion of the means of distribution to all the world, have substituted for a small and cultured public an immense audience whom no man can number, but who ask only to be amused. . . . With this movement there is combined another to the full as parlous, unless some better influences can overrule it. That is the astounding expansion of advertisements. The moment a cheap sheet of any sort can achieve a circulation counted in five or six figures, advertisers compete for the spare pages and its covers. For the word " sub- stituted " in the above, I would read "added."' The second part of this complaint seems inevit- able. As soon as a sheet arrives at an immense circulation, it naturally attracts advertisers, who- will pay largely for the use of the spare pages. This is an inconvenience that we shall nave to put up with. As regards the first part it is most true and most lamentable that there are millions of people who only read for sensation—to laugh, or to- shudder, or to while away the time. But, again, what does this mean? It means, I believe, a certain stage of intellectual development: all these multi- tudes have arrived at those lower levels of mental activity when the brain likes to be occupied but has not yet arrived at the power of continuous attention. It must be fed with comic scraps, with little bits of useless information, with short stories. It is a stage through which the better sort quickly pass, but it is always receiving new comers. We ought not to deride this condition, of mind any more than we deride children who run about shouting. i3-r, There is, however, one person who is respon- sible for the growing degradation. It is the editor of those sheets which appeal to the popular taste and make no attempt at leading or improv- ing it. The ideal editor is the man who under- stands how to guide and lead while lie. seems to. ## p. 135 (#147) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. i35 follow. The mischievous editor is the man who picks out what is worst and lowest in his readers and panders to that taste. There are at this moment half a dozen journals which between them have a circulation of millions. What will the editors do with these papers? Will they endeavour to impart to their readers, little by little, literary taste and literary culture? They can do it: the thing is possible: but the public will not by itself " create," as the Daily Chronicle asks, "an opinion in favour of work that will keep sweet the wells of their delight in the great Art of Letters." , , One more point from this article—it is not often that one finds so much to say on a leader. The writer says," Time was when the magazine was an instalment of current literary work, addressed by writers who were able and entitled to write to a public which was able to criticise." Yes, but that public has not disappeared: it remains as strong and as large as ever. Its old magazines are not swamped by those which circulate by the million: they still flourish and lead and teach. The Nineteenth Century: the Contempo- rary: the Fortnightly: the National: the Quarterly: the Edinburgh: the Athenseum: the Academy: Literature; none of these organs address the uncultivated class: none of these are bought to while away an hour: and they have not, I believe, gone down in circulation while they have kept their old character. The surging millions around us cannot influence these papers nor can they influence their readers. What they have always done, they still continue to do. There is no hope that they will circulate among this multitude of imperfect mental development. In a word, the higher magazine is not sinking down: there is no sign of decay or deterioration in its tone or in its style. It remains to be seen whether the lower kind of magazine is capable of rising. LITEBARY PUPIL required by Editor of well-known London Magazine, resident in fashionable seaside town; young Lady or Gentleman with literary tastes preferred; a year's apprenticeship ; premium 100 guineas; salary jgi a week; good referenoes essential.—Address, in first instance, It is not surprising that one who undertakes to teach the art of writing, which is useful for the production of literature, should express a prefer- ence for a pupil with literary tastes. Is it possible, however, to open the door of the literary life by any teaching? Here, as in other questions of the kind that come before us, we must distin- guish. It is no more possible to turn any casual person into a man or woman of letters than it is to make him understand, against his powers of mind, the Integral Calculus. Given, however, the natural aptitude, then a certain amount of judi- cious instruction might possibly save many disap- pointments, and put a young man in the right way. What is offered in this advertisement is too vague for any practical purpose. The advertiser has certainly not taken lessons in the art of writing advertisements, which is a distinct branch of the literary profession. First, the young person is to pay ,£105 down. That is a serious haul. Next, he is to receive a pound a week. To begin with? To last how long? In return for what duties? Is he to board with the advertiser? If not, is he to reside in the same fashionable sea- side town? What is to be the curriculum of study? What are the advertiser's qualifica- tions for the task? What is his literary baggage? Has he ever had a literary pupil before? If so, does that literary pupil now touch the stars? And, above all, we repeat—what about that pound a week? When does it begin? When will it end? And, lastly, what is it for? In another column is noticed, by Mr. Thring, a letter from the Publisliers' Circular. I have only one thing to add—viz., the animus discovered towards the Authors' Society. It is a body, says the writer, which "lacks any representative character." One would like to know what this ingenuous sniffer means by a "representative " character '( What is it? What constitutes " representative charac- ter "? The Society has between 1400 and 1500 members. Has this publisher seen their names? He certainly has not. How does he know them? But there are the names on the Council: are not these names sufficiently repre- sentative? There are among them leading names of statesmen, historians, poets, artists, lawyers, scientific men, musicians, educational men, novelists, dramatists, journalists, antiquaries, essayists, and travellers. What more is wanted to make it a representative body? As for the ques- tion asked, Mr. Thring has sufficiently answered it in his paper. The publisher quoted actually disputes the right of any person, in any quarrel, to refer the subject to any other person he chooses, with all the documents connected with it: and especially the right of referring a question, with all the documents connected with it, to a solicitor —to any solicitor he chooses, whether to Mr. Thring, or to the other solicitors to the Society, Messrs. Field, Roscoe, and Emery. Certainly we should be quite prepared to defend any action brought by any publisher, or company of pub- lishers, against ourselves for receiving and ad- vising upon any documents whatever connected with literary property. But the letter-looks as if the publisher had just seen an unfortunate author, and heard from him (or her) that he (or ## p. 136 (#148) ############################################ i.36 THE AUTHOR. she) was going to take all the documents to the Society. And although, which is quite true, the Seen tary points out that both the Committee and himself are bound to secresy, the Committee may, if they please, and if the author allows, publish the whole case. It would then be open to the poor ill-used publisher to take any action he chose. . In another column will be found an extract from the Library World, the organ of libraries. The writer complains of the cramped condition of English free libraries owing to the limitation clause as to the rate. I confess that I have small sympathy with the complaint, for these reasons. First, I do not think that a free library ought to be expected to furnish all the new books, or even all the best new books to its readers. Even at the London Library, for which the members pay three pounds a year subscription, we frequently wait some months for certain new books greatly in demand. But if the library goes on adding every year only a hundred pounds' worth of books, many of them cheap and second hand, it will before long have alibrary equal to any demands likely to be made upon it. As regards the limitation clause, one or two London districts have endeavoured to get it raised. The action terrifies the ratepayer, to whom an extra penny in the pound means an additional burden. People in easy circumstances do not understand what the extra penny may mean to a struggling shop- keeper who must consider every sixpence. I am persuaded that it is the fear of this increase which has hitherto defeated all attempts made to get a free library in Islington and Marylebone. Let us do all we can with the penny rate and get as many libraries as we can. Could not the librarians, where the library is cramped, make a list of books wanted and send it round among the more wealthy classes? Mr. Andrew Lang has been complaining that "the world is fundamentally hostile to litera- ture ": that it hates to spend money on books. And then he has a gibe at The Author as follows:— The spirit of these remarks I find rebuked whenever I torn from literature to authorship and study The Author. In that great commercial organ, among the most eloquent remarks on discount, I seem to find traces of optimism, traces of belief in a great literary public. I do not believe in any such thing, even if some novels, at 6s., find a market for 100,000 copies. Even that (considering how bad most of these books are, how ignorant, coarse, emphatic, and illiterate) is relatively a very small demand. Think of the millions of England, and think of how many of them buy a book, say, of an author who is a man of genius, and "popular," Mr. Kipling or Mr. Stevenson. What a beggarly account! As for those who read Marlowe, or Montaigne, they are the tiniest of remnants. It is pleasing to find that he does read The Author. It is the business of the paper to dis- course upon discounts and everything else which may concern the management of Literary Pro- perty. Those who are not interested in the sub- ject are not expected to read the paper at all. Ab regards the " optimism," my own opinion of the subject is utterly different from that of Mr. Lang. It is based upon a study of the actual facts, which are, briefly, these :— (1) The question of money: The vast mass of the people simply have no money to buy books at the price at which they are issued, say from 2*. 6d. upwards. How can a working man on 30*. a week spend 10s. in buying a book? How many books of 4*. 6d. can he buy in a year? In fact, he never buys a book at all. To get at the class of book-buyers eliminate a vast majority of the people. What about the remainder, which means about two and a half millions, or 400,000 families? It is for these 400,000 that all our books are published. And I do think that if a book is bought by a quarter of these families, and borrowed by the other three-quarters, it is as much as any one can expect. 2. The use of the free libraries: The working man reads books, though he does not buy them. He goes in multitudes to the free libraries, where the librarians' lists show that he makes a very good choice of books. 3. The wide purchase of cheap books: Whenever a good popular book —" Lorna Doone," for instance—is issued at sixpence it is bought by the hundred thousand. There is a so-called "library," containing many excellent books, which is printed on vile paper and sold at less than sixpence. This "library " has sold by millions. For these reasons I say that the people do read books: that they do buy them when they can afford it: and that their choice in the free libraries is on the whole sound. Of course it would be easy to pick out certain books and hold them up to derision as popular favourites. They may be favourites for a season: but they quickly die and are forgotten. Walter Besant. THE LIBRAEY AND THE LIMITATION CLAUSE. IT is perfectly certain that the cramped and poverty-stricken condition of English libraries, brought about by a grudging Parliamentary limitation, has prevented, or at ## p. 137 (#149) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. i37 least postponed, the progress and development of these institutions to a great extent. When we contemplate what has been accomplished on the meagre income doled out to libraries, we marvel at the high measure of efficiency and degree of success attained. But when we look a little closer and consider what could be done with sufficient means, and what ought to be done to give public libraries their maximum value, it is soon borne in upon us that the most popular library in the country does little more than just touch the fringe of its area of work and useful- ness. According to the statistics carefully col- lected by the Government of the country, about 60 per cent. of the inhabitants of any town are possible users of public libraries. That is to say, 60 in every 100 of population are between the ages of ten and sixty, with a fair allowance for illiterates. But suppose we knock off other 10 per cent. as a further allowance on account of children under twelve and illiterates or weaklings of all ages, we still get 50 per cent. of readers who are capable of using a library. How, then, does it happen that not a single town in the country has even 25 per cent. of its population enrolled as borrowers, while a majority of places can only boast of from 5 to 10 per cent.? The reason is not far to seek. Owing to the starvling income aforesaid, few libraries can afford to buy more than one copy of a popular newspaper or maga- zine, or one or two copies of a popular book at a time. And what is the use of a single copy of a popular book among 10,000 possible borrowers, or of one solitary copy of a very popular illus- trated journal among 50,000 possible readers? Has anyone ever imagined what would take place in a town of 100,000 inhabitants supposing every possible reader availed himself of his right to use the library? According to our computation there would be 50,000 persons anxious to be served with the latest books and journals on topics of the day, and to do this effectually would Tequire not one, but five large libraries with huge news rooms attached and stocks of not less than 20,000 volumes each. Instead of this, all that a town of this size can generally do for itself is to provide 20,000 or 30,000 volumes, 300 journals and magazines, and seats for 200 or 250 readers! For every reader or borrower who uses a public library, at least two others decline to come because they cannot obtain what they want and will not trouble to wait. Again, no public library can reach the poorer classes because it will not, and cannot afford to, seek them out and bring literature to their very doors. We have thrown out these thoughts in the hope that they may suggest to librariaus the connection between extension of work and increase of income, and the necessity which exists for agitation, in order to receive such a recognition as will make it possible for libraries to double, if not quadruple, their present volume of work and usefulness.—From the Library World. REEVE, OF THE "EDINBURGH." * TO have edited the Edinburgh Review for forty years is an experience which could not fail to be guarantee of an interesting history, and the Memoirs of Henry Reeve, which have just been published by Professor Laughton, possess, doubtless, considerable value for the literary aud the political observers of the period. Political, for Henry Reeve at the age of twenty- five was introduced to official life by being appointed, through the influence of Lord Lans- downe, to the Clerkship of Appeals; he became a great political journalist, on terms of inti- macy with Cabinet Ministers and Princes, abroad as well as at home, and receiving those confidences which exalted personages impart only to such as do not fail to command an excellent discretion. After a long connection with the Times, Eeeve in 1855 succeeded Sir George Cornewall Lewis in the editorship of the Edinburgh Review, and served it, as we have said, for forty years. The Author is not a review; and we do not attempt to review these volumes, but merely to record, as far as our space will afford, a few of the literary incidents contained in them. Born at Norwich in 1813, Reeve as a mere lad enjoyed the society of great men. "It often occurred even to himself," we are told, " that there was something unusual and extraordinary in a lad of eighteen or twenty, or even of twenty- four, with no particular advantage of birth, associating familiarly with men of European reputation, Ambassadors, Ministers of State, poets, painters, or musicians." In his twenty- second year he was in Paris, and frequently met Thackeray there. Writing from Paris in January, 1835, Reeve says:—"Thackeray is flourishing, and after the opera we took tea, and had a long talk of the doings of French artists. He com- plains of the impurity of their ideas, and of the jargon of a corrupt life, which they so unwisely admit into their painting rooms." Again in 1836 Reeve writes from Paris to his mother:— I continue to see the Macaulays a good deal. The girls are dreadfully like Tom Babington, and very amusing from * " Memoirs of the Life and Correspondence of Henry Eeeve, C.B., D.C.L." By John Knox Laughton, ALA Two voIb. Longmans, Green, and Co. 28*. ## p. 138 (#150) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. a mixture of saintship and politios, ignorance of the world, and knowledge of Parliament. ... I have seen a good deal of Thaokeray this last week. That excellent and faoetious being is at the present moment editing an English paper here, in opposition to Galignani's. Bat, what is more ominous, he has fallen in love, and talks of being married in less than twenty years. What is there so affecting as matrimony? I dined yesterday with his objeot, who is a nice, simple, girlish girl—a niece of that old Colonel Shawe whom one always meets at the Sterlings'. Professor Laughton says that the statement about Thackeray editing an English paper" seems to be a mistake." Reeve visited Balzac, too, in those days—January, 1835—and was extraordi- narily impressed:— Such a singular contrast of profound philosophy—more of intuition than of analysis—combined with the variety and prodigality of an Eastern story-teller, expressed in a oopious and brilliant language, frequently degenerating into the violence or rising into the ostentation of positive insanity, I have never met with. Balzac was seated in an elegant apartment, situated at the very extremity of this side of Paris, which he took because from some whim or strange reason the house is called " La Fabrique de l'Absolu." To this Fabrique we found our way, and, at the end of a long, low room, as it were, between a study and a boudoir, we found the Magician himself, ■urrounded by proofs and manuscripts, which he was correcting and composing with a rapidity that sets all the printers of Paris at naught. He talked chiefly of himself, with the most boisterous and fantastical self-acclamation, for it was more than approba- tion. . . . There are many glimpses of famous people up and down these volumes. Of Sydney Smith, for instance, we have the following anecdote:— We got Sydney on the overpowering topio of Macaulay. Macaulay is laying waste society with his waterspout of talk; people in his company burst for want of an oppor- tunity of dropping in a word; he confounds soliloquy and colloquy. Nothing oould equal my diversion at seeing T. B. M. go to the Counoil tie other day in a fine laced coat, neat green bodied glass chariot, and a feather in his hat. Sydney S. had said to Lord Melbourne that Macaulay was a book in breeches. Lord M. told the Queen; bo when- ever she sees her new Secretary of Wax, she goes into fits of laughter. I said that the worst feature in Maoaulay's character was his appalling memory; he haa a weapon more than anyone else in the world's tournament. "Aye, indeed," s&id S. S.," why, he could repeat the whole History of the Virtuous Blue Coat Boy, in three vols., post 8vo, without a slip. He should take two tablespoonfuls of the waters of Lethe every morning to oorreot his retentive powers." Bulwer Lytton, Landor, Macaulay, and Sheridan Knowles are names that occur fre- quently in the memoirs. "Dinner at Proctor's with Harriet Martineau, Carlyle and his wife, Thackeray, and Kinglake "—is one of the entries in Reeve's diary. "Carlyle was so offensive I never made it up with him." The circumstances of the breach with Carlyle are not related, but it is known to have occurred through Carlyle remark- ing softly, when Reeve had the temerity to differ with him in discussion, "You're a puir creature, you're a puir creature." Of Landor this 1 related:— Landor, you know, is quite as vain of not being read as Bulwer is of being the most popular writer of the day. Nothing can equal the contempt with which he treats any- body who has more than six readers and three admirers, unless it be that saying of Hegel's, when he declared that nobody understood his writings but himself, and that not always. Reeve was perfectly sensible of his own value. In his fifteen years' connection with the Timet (1840-1855), he tells us, he wrote about 2482 full-paid articles, and received upwards of £13,000 for them. "Its circulation rose in fifteen years, from about 13,000 when I joined it to 62,000 when I left it, and although I do not take to myself any peculiar share in this result, for many other contributors wrote as well as I did, and the editor was usually judicious and always active, yet I doubt whether any other writer had occasion to do as much." And on a subsequent occasion he wrote: "The Review suffers when I am too busy to write in it." There is much of interest in these volumes regarding the publication of the memoirs of Greville, for whom Reeve was, of course, literary trustee. Journal- ist of the old school, and holding in high regard the moral responsibility of the journalist, Reeve was opposed to anything in the nature of "log- rolling," and on that ground was a firm believer in anonymity. Writing to Mr. T. N. Longman on Dec. 26, 1891, he says:— I thought it best to tell Froude frankly that the review of his book (" The Divorce of Catharine of Aragon ") in the Edinburgh would be an unfavourable one. At the same time I disclaimed in the strongest language any disposition to make a personal attack on himself. Unfortunately he seems to ascribe adverse criticism of his works to personal animosity, which, in his case, is entirely wanting. It is a painful necessity. Froude and his book are too important to be passed over in silence. But the judicial character and consistency, and I may say honour, of the Review absolutely require that the truth should be told about the book. I should consider it a derogation to my duty to the Review if, from personal motives or affection, I suppressed an adverse criticism of a work which impera- tively demands an answer. ... I have modified as far as possible any expressions which appeared to be of too censorious a character; but it is impossible to avoid condemning a mistaken book because the author is a per- sonal friend. Judex damnatur si nocens absolvitur is our motto. Finally, there is the following interesting reference to Reeve's literary advice to the Messrs. Longman, whose "reader" he was for many years:— Books in French, German, or Italian, offered for trans- lation, MSS. in English offered for publication—whatever there was of grave, serious, or important, as well as a good deal that was not, was sent to him for a first or a revised opinion. And this opinion was given very frankly, and most oommonly in the fewest possible words:—" My advioe ## p. 139 (#151) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. is that you have nothing to do with it " was a not nnfrequent formula. Another, less freqnent, was:—" He—the aspirant to literary fame and emolument—can neither write nor spell English"; "I wish they wouldn't send their trash to me" was an occasional prayer. "Seems to me sheer non- sense"; "What a waste of time and labour!" "It's very provoking that people should attempt to write books who cannot write English," were oooasional reports. Of course many of his judgments were very different: "A work of great interest, which must have a large sale "; "Secure this if you possibly can"; "A most able work, but will scarcely command a remunerative sale." . . . As it was with printed books and larger MSS., eo it was with articles submitted for the Review; but he did not encourage casual contributions, and seldom—perhaps never—accepted any without some previous understanding. The political articles and the reviews of important books were almost invariably written in response to a direct invitation; but whether the articles sent in were invited or offered, he equally reserved the right to express his approval or dis- approval or disagreement, and to insist, if necessary, on the article being remodelled or withdrawn. SOME SOUTHEY LETTERS. AN interesting series of Southey's private letters appeared for the first time in the August number of Blackwood's. They are written to his friend John May, with whom he became acquainted in 1795 at Lisbon, and to whom he dedicated his short and incom- plete autobiography. They are very personal, and give many valuable glimpses of the poet's state of mind. When his little daughter is dying in the autumn of 1803, he writes that "never man enjoyed purer happiness than I for the last twelve months," and "my plans are now all wrecked." After having been at a bull fight, he wrote that "the pain inflicted by the sight was expiation enough for his folly in going at all; and he added, "I cannot under- stand the pleasure excited by a bull fight, and it is honourable to the English character that none of our nation frequent these spectacles." In a letter dated Oct. 29, 1800, he discusses the pro- posal to put his brother Henry in a profession, and remarks that for the first time in his life he has the power, "or at least it seems so," of raising 100 guineas to place him under a provin- cial surgeon for four or five years till he is old enough to practice for himself. He explains the expectation of this money, and indicates the self- sacrifice in his disposal of it, as follows: My metrical romance goes by the King George to market, and I ask this sum as the price of a first edition. I have little doubt of obtaining it. I had designed to furnish a house with this money, and anchor myself, but this is a a more important oall. Southey had been advised at this time to try his fate at the East Indian Bar. He doubted whether the fortune to be gained could pay for the loss of the friends in whose society "so much of my happiness consists. The fate of Camoens stares me in the face, and if I did go, prudence would be the ostensible motive, but the real one would be curiosity. I do long to become acquainted with old Brama, and see the great Indian fig tree; so at the end of twenty years time I should come home with a copper-coloured face, an empty purse, and a portfolio full." He expresses the following amusing philo- sophy also in 1800 :— Yon remember the doggerel that " learning is better than house or land." 'Tis a lying proverb! A good lifehold estate is worth all the fame of the world in perpetuity, and a comfortable honee rather more desirable than a monument in Westminster Abbey. And on his financial position we have the following very interesting light in the autumn of 1816: Herewith I send you a draft upon Longman for .£100, at three dajs' sight. The last twelve months have proved highly advantageous to my monied ooncerns, and for the first time have made the balanoe of his account in my favour. There is good reason for hoping that it will oon- tinne so, and that it will not be long before I shall be able to dear off my debt with you. "Koderick " has produced for me above .£500, by three editions, and the fourth will by this time have paid its expenses. Of the " Pilgrimage" 2000 were printed; they were all sold in the course of two- months, leaving me a profit of £2X5. My account only oomes up to midsummer, and therefore does not inolude the '. Carmen Nuptiale," but of the fate of which I know nothing, nor indeed what number was printed. The prospect before me is very good. The produce of my current publications may be reckoned at .£200 a year certainly, not improbably at twice the sum; and Murray pays me so well for the Quarterly that I hope there will be no occasion to draw much upon the other fund for my household expenses. For some artioles he offers me .£100 per article—such was that upon the Poor in the last number, and one upon Foreign Travellers in England which is designed for this, and which I am busy in completing. The preface to "Mort Arthur," for which I am reading much black letter, at some oost of eyesight and no little expense of time, will give me .£200, and the second volume of " Brazil " about half as much—a preposterous instanoe of the caprice upon which a man of letters depends for his remuneration! Perhaps the average may be fair at last, but it is injurious as well as ridiculous, and I shall derive my main support from what other persons might do as well, and what might never be done at all; while for works of permanent value and great labour, for which peculiar know- ledge, peculiar talents, and peculiar industry are required, the profit I obtain would scarcely exceed, and perhaps not amount to, the expenses of the documents. The letter from which the following is extracted was written by Robert Southey, on April 22, 1834, to the late John A. Heraud, in whose "Memoirs," by his daughter, just published by Mr. George Redway, it appears for the first time, with many other letters from the same poet:— Yon oould not apply to a worse person than myself for counsel as to any dealings with publishers. My general ## p. 140 (#152) ############################################ 140 THE AUTHOR. practice is to let them take the whole risk of the work, and give me half the eventual profits. Tha&is, after the costs -of publication are defrayed, a third of the surplus goes as the allowance of the trade (this need to be Longmans' allow- ance—Murray allowed somewhat more than a third), half of the remainder then oomes to me. The publishers have then the lion's share—but they have the lion's power, and can always help themselves, which an author cannot. CORRESPONDENCE. I.—The Pecuniary Position op Writers. IT is impossible to feel anything but the highest admiration and respect for the altruistic movement to better writers' pecuniary position. But are there not insuper- able difficulties in his way? The point seems to be this: Taking a full average of books published, there is a certain profit. These books are created by writers; they are printed, bound, and put before the public by publishers. It is objected that (on the average) the profits are unfairly divided—the authors get too little, the publishers too much. The question of binders' and printers' profits does not, I think, •come in? The supply of books comes from writers, the .demand for books is from publishers. Surely the relative profits made are subject to the ordinary laws affecting supply and demand? And what have we? A fairly constant periodic demand, and at all times a supply enormously greater than the demand! Necessarily, I submit, publishers can make their own terms. But the matter does not end here. The supply is almost infinitely variable in quality, variable both in artistic merit and—a very different thing—in selling value. Now, the few writers who can supply things of known, acknowledged value can, I believe, always make their own terms with publishers? But the others? No man can assess either the artistic or pecuniary value of his own work. And the publisher? Aided by his reader, he guesses at the value, and on his guess pays. Surely in all these cases the author cannot complain if, with no personal pecuniary risk, he gets the chance he wants of catching the ear of the public. Let the author .once catch that rough, thick-skinned ear and he may hold it for even a lifetime and make his own terms with the publisher for the dullest repeated vibrations he may choose to supply. Again, can you lay down hard-and-fast rules fixing relative profit? The goods suppplied vary from garbage to pearls; the public demand is bizarre. My friend Jones's little romance " Totsey, a Stray," is in its tenth thousand, while my work of genius, "An Investigation into the Psycho- logical Aspects of the Loves of Amelia Chol- mondeley, with Notes on the Connection between the Darwinian Theory and the Evolution of Affection," cannot find a publisher I I have written above from a purely pecuniary point of view. But there is a moral, an artistic view. Dealing with romance, of the many books weekly published it were better for the world if most had never been. There has never, I believe, been a time when England has shown greater general power, even genius, in romance. But achievement? How many men, possibly of genius, have we who have startled us by a first great work of originality and who now repeat themselves with careless, pale imitation? Has art gained from the modern pecuniary success of great writers? Has not the absorption of known men into the inhumanity, the cross-gartered art of London society led to the concealment of the wood of humanity by the veneer of elaborately polished language? Let no man, no woman, take up romance writing as a profession; let only those write who cannot help writing. And then, though many of us must still continue to give the world bad work, the literary man will take that position which is rightly his, and the supply will be reasonably decreased. X. [The answer to the above letter seems to be as follows: (1) The writer's position has been so much improved by the action of the Society, that the difficulties are proved not to be insuperable. (2) The demand for books does not come from pub- lishers, but from the public. The supply of what is wanted is below rather than above the demand. The supply of what is not wanted by the public, but is furnished by the publisher, is certainly in excess. (3) The demand for certain writers is always below the supply. In many branches of science and in general literature the writers whose works are in request by the public ought to be able to make their own terms for the administration of their property. There are certain writers who "X." seems to think are supplying the demand, but if the public does not care for and does not want their work, how can they supply a demand? The artistic side must not be mixed up with the commercial side. We have again and again repeated that the business of the Society is simply the maintenance and defence of literary property. This, we are ready to admit, and have always admitted, may be totally different from literary art. As regards the danger of writing feebly after the production of strong ## p. 141 (#153) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 141 work, there is no doubt that this danger does exist. It would be, however, more to the point if our correspondent would suggest how a novelist or an artist who has once devoted his whole time to the production of the best work possible to him, is to continue to live when he becomes conscious that his work is no longer on the same high level.—W. B.] II.—A Plea, for Cut Edges. Once or twice, recently, protests have appeared against the custom many publishers have of issuing books with uncut edges. Nothing, I venture to say, is more annoying than to purchase a book, to settle oneself for an hour's enjoyment, and then to have the unnecessary and uncom- fortable labour of cutting its edges. If, as is sometimes the case, this occurs in a railway carriage when one is minus a paper knife, the enjoyment of the book is considerably jeopardised. This can be easily obviated by three or four strokes of the printer's guillotine. Moreover, edges so cut are infinitely preferable to the rough state they assume when cut with even the sharpest paper-cutter. Lately several publishers have adopted the method of sending out their books with cut edges. This arrangement is a distinct boon to the reader, and if the practice were made a hard-and-fast rule the innovation would, 1 feel sure, be hailed with unfeigned delight by every book-lover. John C. Shannon. III.—"Exchanges." A few evenings ago, my own favourite journal being sold our, I purchased for id. eleven square feet of paper bearing printing both back and front. Placed one on top of another, the columns of printed matter might rival in height a three-storied dwelling-house, whilst the total length of the lines would extend over a quarter of a mile. You will probably wonder that I should write to complain of so generous a pennyworth, but, after perusing it, I felt that I should not be doing my duty to that large body of your members who can be classified under the heading of "Occasional Contributors," if I failed to draw attention to the growing tendency to fill the pages of a paper with "Exchanges "—though what the proprietors of the journals who kindly lent their contents to fill up this paper got in exchange I am unable to say. In the most prominent part of the paper I found that the New York Herald, per Reuter, contributed the news from Jamaica; the Daily Telegraph (two separate paragraphs), the Egyptian news; the Morning Post, matter apper-1 taimng to Canada. The Dreyfus case was dealt with in a satisfactory manner through the kind- ness of the Figaro, the Journal, the Gaulois, and the Matin, per Reuter, who also supplied the tidings from Denmark. A column and a quarter of CasselPs Magazine must have saved 30s. at least to the proprietor of the paper; whilst the Local Government Board's Report must have been worth 10s. to the same individual who had to thank the special correspondent of the Daily Telegraph, the Figaro, the Daily Chronicle, and, of course, Reuter, for "The Fashoda Question." Some iuteresting personal pars were culled from Vanity Fair, the Daily Telegraph—our editor's favourite journal—the Daily Mail, and the Times. A special article on the late Queen of Denmark (cheerfully contri- buted by the English Illustrated Magazine) ran to three-quarters of a column, and the Daily News "exchanged" half a column of "Mount Vesuvius." The City Press lent a small paragraph about a house in six parishes; Reuter and the Daily Telegraph tackled the question of Crete's future, and other interesting paragraphs came from the "Central News" and the "London News Agency. The Chinese crisis was considered so important that only telegrams from the Times and Dalziel could do satisfac- tory justice to the subject, but they did not occupy so much space as the two-thirds of a column from the Daily News on Mr. Watt's latest scheme, even when a par. re " Samory * contributed by the Eclair was thrown in. Two paragraphs based on Daily Telegraph and Times reports completed the editor's " exchanges," and we can imagine that gentleman laying down his weary scissors with a sigh, and saying : " Thank you, my friends, for your kindly hospitality, in exchange for which I offer several pages of adver- tisements, my leading article, a few columns of book reviews, our Money Market columns, and the signed articles that begin with 'Sir,' and are contributed by my 'obedient servants.'" If the example of this particular editor is followed by his brethren, the "Occasional Con- tributor" is doomed; let him take warning, therefore, and ere it be too late invest his savings (if he has any) in a stock of well-tem- pered scissors, for a time will assuredly come when there will be nothing for him to do but start an evening paper on modern lines, unless something can be done in the way of limiting the proportion of an article, paragraph, or tele- gram that can be printed with or without acknowledgment of its original source without payment to the person who wrote it or the firm who paid for it in the first place. An Occasional Victim to Steel and Steal. ## p. 142 (#154) ############################################ 142 THE AUTHOR. IV.—"The Author" and the Publishers. After studying for many months your exposures ,of publishing methods, one conclusion is forced upon me, namely, that if a publisher wishes to swindle, no amount of dexterity on the part of the author can prevent him from doing so. With all the machinery of secret profits at his disposal, with little or no probability of checking the number of copies he professes to have sold, with the advertisement swindle which you have so often explained to us, and all the other dodges, the author is practically at the publisher's mercy. On the other hand, if the publisher is an honest •man, precautions will be unnecessary. An author is too poor and too busy to investigate the rami- fications of a dishonest publisher's business methods. Give him an honest publisher and let him do his work in peace. My suggestion is that the Society should publish for him. By "publish" I do not mean buy his book out- right or "speculate" in any sense of the word, but merely print his book for him, and put it- upon the market at the best market terms, with all the advantages of "wholesale" prices for paper, &c., which the publisher now puts in his pocket. Let the whole business be absolutely "straight" and above board. The author pays for the publication of the book on the advice of the Society that it has a fair chance of success (or against the advice of the Society if he chooses). The Society charges him the actual cost of paper, eomposing, correcting, binding, advertisement, and distribution, such a fixed percentage on the .outlay as experience may show to be necessary to prevent the Society from losing. All profits would then go to the author. It is true the author would have to pay for publication, but in the <ase of the writer of established repute the risk would be non-existent; in the case of the unknown man it would be smaller than it is at present when his book is published on com- mission. The So.ciety could then offer the book- sellers those improved terms which it believes to be their due, thus stimulating the sale of its books. All that is wanted for this scheme is a sound business man, with experience of printing and publishing, at its head. There must be scores of members of the Society whom it would pay better to publish in this way than to take ostensibly a 15 per cent. royalty while paying the publisher unacknowledged profits in the form of discounts and percentages on every item in ms A Member of the Society. [I quite agree with the "Member" as to the only method left possible. The publishers have deliberately announced their intention of laying hands on everything except perhaps a miserable residuum. The only reply is to change the method. I doubt whether the Society would act as the " Member" suggests. It would be, how- ever, quite possible to create a commission pub- Usher—one who would do no other kind of busi- ness. For the moment any other business is taken in hand, the commission work begins to be neglected. This is natural, for if a publisher can make 10 per cent. by commission and anything he pleases by any other way he will prefer that other way.—W. B.] BOOS TALK BY general consent Mr. John Morley had been selected as the probable writer of the accredited Life of Mr. Gladstone, and now the announcement of the fact is formally made. The task is likely to occupy about three years, and already Mr. Morley has dealt with a large part of the correspondence, and has made considerable progress with the chapters relating the history of the Home Rule movement of Mr. Gladstone. During his twenty years' intimate acquaintance with Mr. Gladstone, Mr. Morley received long letters from him on practically every public topic that was engaging his atten- tion. The biography will be published by Messrs. Macmillan. Sir Edward Hamilton, one of Mr. Gladstone's private secretaries, has written a monograph on the late statesman, which will be published by Mr. Murray. Another political biography, which has just been completed, is that of Sir Robert Peel, by Mr. C. S. Parker. This work has been an exceedingly laborious one, from the amount of correspondence that had to be gone through and sifted. Letters to and from the Queen, the Duke of Wellington, Disraeli, and other impor- tant contemporaries will be contained in the work, which Mr. Murray will publish shortly. Mr. Kinloch Cooke's biography of the late Duchess of Teck, from her journals and diaries, will be published probably in the early days of next year. Sir Mountstuart Grant Duff, who published two interesting and entertaining volumes of his diary recently, is now adding two others, containing his diary during the period when he was Governor of Madras, and also containing his views on home affairs. Mrs. Alec Tweedie has in the press a life of her father, Dr. Harley, of Harley-street. It will be published by the Scientific Press. ## p. 143 (#155) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 143 Mr. Frederic G. Kitton is preparing a centenary memoir of the late Dr. Zechariah Buck, the organist and choirmaster of Norwich Cathedral. Many of Dr. Buck's pupils, now in distinguished positions in the musical world, contribute remini- scences of him, and the family give their assist- -ance. The work will be issued in a limited edition shortly. A biography of the late Professor Calderwood, who occupied the chair of Moral Philosophy in Edinburgh University for twenty years, is being written by his son and the Rev. D. Woodside of Glasgow. Principal Fairbairn has written a book entitled "" Catholicism—Roman and Anglican," which will be brought out immediately. The Rev. Leighton Pullan is general editor of a new series of Church Text Books which has been projected by Messrs. Rivington. The volumes will be written by Oxford scholars, and are not intended only for scholars, but also for the general readers who are desirous of informa- tion on church history, forms of worship, criti- cism, &c. Robert Browning destroyed all his letters and papers with-the exception of the letters that had passed between Mrs. Browning and himself before their marriage. These letters were care- fully preserved, and while still in vigorous health Mr. Browning said concerning them: "There they are—do with them as you please when I am dead and gone." The Athenaeum makes the interesting announcement that the letters will shortly be published. The Rev. H. C. Beeching is reprinting his "Pages from a Private Diary," papers which for a time were a conspicuous and entertaining feature of Comhill Magazine. The volume will be published soon by Messrs. Smith, Elder, and Co. Mr. John Halsham is the author of "Idle- hurst: A Journal Kept in the Country," which Messrs. Smith, Elder, and Co. will publish this autumn. The identity of the Mr. W. H. of Shakespeare's Sonnets having given rise again to some discus- sion, h propos of the article by Mr. Sidney Lee on Thomas Thorpe in the " Dictionary of National Biography," Mr. Lee has now asked the critics of his theory to await, before passing further censure, the appearance of his forthcoming biography of Shakespeare. Mr. Alfred Whitman, of the British Museum, has written a work on "The Masters of Mezzo- tint," which Messrs. Bell will publish, with sixty illustrations. A new novel by Mr. W. C. Scully, author of "Between Sun and Sand," and other tales of the South African desert, is being published by Messrs. Methuen, under the title " A Vendetta of the Desert." Mr. William Westall's new novel, "A Red Bridal," is to be published by Messrs. Chatto and Windus, who will also issue soon a volume entitled " Slum Silhouettes," by Mr. J. D. Bray- shaw. Mr. F. G. Aflalo is editing a book on the cost of sport, with practical information contributed by a number of the specialists who wrote for the "Encyclopaedia of Sport," of which splendid work Mr. Aflalo was one of the editors. The actual expenditure involved in angling, shooting, hunting, and other sports will be estimated for various incomes, and the scope of the work will be comprehensive. Those rights in Mr. William Watson's works hitherto held by Messrs. Macmillan have been purohased by Mr. John Lane, who is preparing a collected edition of Mr. Watson's poems in a single volume, which will appear this season. Mrs. Pender, an Irish lady, some time ago wrote an Ulster story of the '98 period entitled "The Green Cockade." The book was printed in Ireland, and the other day the London firm, Messrs. Downey, received a consign- ment of 100 copies. Since then, however, a fire at the printers has destroyed not only the other sheets of the book that had been printed, but the type as well. "The Gospel Writ in Steel" is the title of Mr. Arthur Paterson's new novel. It is about the American Civil War, but the interest is romantic rather than historical. Messrs. Innes are the publishers. One of the chapters of Mr. Justin McCarthy's reminiscences, to be published shortly by Messrs. Chatto and Windus, is entitled " The Princes of Literature," and contains Mr. McCarthy's recol- lections of Dickens and Thackeray, Carlyle, Tennyson, Browning. Another chapter deals with his acquaintanceship with John Stuart Mill. This week the third volume of the Blackwood Annals will appear. Mrs. Oliphant, of course, edited the two already published, and this one, which brings the story of the publishing house down to John Blackwood's death in 1879, has been compiled by Mrs. Gerald Porter. Mr. Bennet Burleigh, the war correspondent of the Daily Telegraph, who has distinguished himself so greatly in the Soudan, is writing an account of the campaign down to its close at Omdurman. ## p. 144 (#156) ############################################ i44 THE AUTHOR. "Book Auctions of the Seventeenth Century" is the next volume in the Book-Lovers' Library, published by Mr. Stock. The author is Mr. John Lawler. The Christmas issue of the Portfolio will be a monograph on " George Morland and the Evolu- tion from him of some later Painters," by Mr. J. T. Nettleship. The latest of new magazines is a penny one, that aims at being fully equal to the sixpenny monthlies. It is published by Messrs. Cassell, and its title, the New Penny Magazine is after the periodical "originated by Charles Knight, and dear to the reading public in the days of our fathers." There are sixty pages, with numerous illustrations, and the character of the contents is the same as that of the popular magazines of to-day. "The Lays of the Knights," a book of poems by the Rev. C. W. Barraud, will be published by Messrs. Longman. Mr. J. H. Adeane has edited a work entitled "The Early Married Life of Maria Josepha, Lady Stanley, from 1796," which Messrs. Long- man will publish shortly. The letters given in Mrs. Richmond Ritchie's introduction to the seventh volume in the valu- able Biographical Edition of Thackeray's Works which she is editing, deal chiefly with the novelist's experiences as a lecturer. At a time when all the relations of the home country with America are so much discussed, an extract from one of the letters from Thackeray during a tour in the States may be found interesting. He is writing from Boston on Dec. 22, 1852, to Mrs. Proctor:— Ab for writing abont this country—about Goshen, about Canada, flowing with milk and honey, about the friends I have found here, and who are helping me to procure inde- pendence for my children, if I cut jokes against them may I choke on the instant. If I can say anything to show that my name is really Makepeace, and to increase the source of love between the two countries, then, please God, I will. The laugh dies out as we get old, you see, but the love and the truth don't, praised be God! And I begin to think of the responsibilities of this here pen now writing to yon with a feeling of no small awe. Mr. Wheatley's edition of Pepys will be com- pleted by the issue of the ninth and tenth volumes in January. The former will contain an exhaustive index; the latter, a supplementary volume, will contain appendices and Pepysian miscellanea. Bismarck's memoirs will be published in English this month by Messrs. Smith, Elder, and Co. in this country and Messrs. Harper and Brothers in the United States. A small album presented by Tennyson to a fellow-undergraduate when at Cambridge has just been sold at Messrs. Hodgson and Co.'s sale-room in Chancery-lane. It contained the original MS. of St. Agnes' Eve and two other poems, in the poet's own handwriting. The little volume realised the high price of .£32. "The History of a Man," by the Man, will be published shortly by Mr. Burleigh. It deals with that aspect of human nature which Mr. Balfour declared the most interesting — the development of character. A hitherto unpublished series of historical studies of the Stuart period by Thomas Carlyle is being brought out by Messrs. Chapman and Hall. These were for a projected history of the first two Stuart Kings of England, and they are printed from a MS. left under the author's will to his niece, and edited by her husband, Mr. Alexander Carlyle. The volume will be pub- lished under the title "Historical Sketches of Noted Persons and Events in the Reigns of James I. and Charles I." The portion devoted to James I. contains chapters on Elizabeth's Funeral, Shakespeare, the Gunpowder Plot, the Hampton Court Conference, &c. A new Irish story by "Rita" will be published shortly by Messrs. Hutchinson. Miss L. S. Tiddeman has just brought out two- new stories. The first, called " Reine's Kingdom," is published at the National Society's Depository. The second, "Rosa's Repentance," by Messrs. Blackie. A new work by Mr. Fred Reynolds, author of "A Tangled Garden," will be published at once by James Bowden, under the title of "An Idyll of the Dawn." Mrs. Aylmer Gowing's new book, entitled " A Touch of the Sun," will be published early in this month by Mr. Burleigh. "The Genius" (6d.), by Lessey Beard, will be published on the 5th Nov. Another book by the same author, comprising a collection of short stories, sketches, &c., will also be ready in November. Mrs. Edith E. Cuthell's new children's book is just published by the S.P.C.K., under the title of "A Bad Little Girl and her Good Little Brother," illustrated by Mrs. Farmiloe. A new novel, entitled "Uncle Jack from America," by Edith C. Kenyon and R. G. Soans, is being published by Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. The story has been very successful as a serial in England and America. ## p. 145 (#157) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. »45 OBITUARY. THE BOOZS OF THE MONTH. MR. HA.ROLD FREDERIC died at his residence at Kenley, Surrey, from syncope, on Oct. 19. He was in his forty-third year, and had been prostrated since Aug. 12, on which day he had a stroke of paralysis. Journalist and author, he was a native of Utica, and, before becoming a member of the staff of the New York Times, he edited for brief periods—first, the Utica Observer, and afterwards the Albany Evening Journal. In 1884 he came to England as the special corre- spondent of the New York Times, for which he did much brilliant work, and travelled over Europe. His first novel to appear was " Seth's Brother's Wife" (1887), a study of American rural life. "In the Valley" and several others followed, but Mr. Frederic's most striking success was achieved with " Illumination," published in the spring of 1896—a novel which, by the way, had the somewhat exceptional distinction of being published under another title in America, namely, "The Damnation of Theron Ware." "March Hares," which followed, appeared under a nom, de guerre, and was a slighter work on London life; and the one which will be compared with "Illumination" is his "Gloria Mundi," a romance of English social life, which will be pub- lished to-day. Just before his death he had revised his last work of fiction, which is called "The Market Place." The late Mr. Gleeson White, the editor of the Studio, was one of the best-known writers on art subjects in the metropolis, and connoisseur of woodcuts and rare prints. His works include "English Illustration in the Sixties," " Practical Designing," "Salisbury Cathedral," "Master Painters of Great Britain." He published anony- mously a series of rather notable prose parodies of well-known authors, under the title " Letters to Eminent Hands," and another series, " Letters to Living Artists." The ex-Libris series of books was edited by Mr. Gleeson White, who also compiled a charming collection of " Ballads and Rondeaux" for the Canterbury Poets series. He died suddenly on Oct. 19, at the age of forty- seven, from typhoid fever contracted during a recent visit to Italy. From Ottawa the death is announced of Mr. William Kingsford, the distinguished Canadian historian. Mr. Kingsford was born in London in 1819. [Sept. 24 to Oct. 22—502 Books.] Abbott, E. A. St Thomas of Canterbury. 24/- Black. Adams, E. D. A Girl of To-Day. 3/6. Blackie. Addison, Kate. Economical Cookery. 1/6. Hodder. Alexander, W. Primary Convictions. 3/6. Harper. Alexander, Mrs. The Cost of Her Pride. 6/- White. Allen, Grant. Venice. Historical Guide. 3/6 net. Richards. Allen, Phcebe. May-Duke Blossoms. -i,- S.P.O.K. Ambrose, W., and Ferguson, W. B. band Transfer Acts 1875 and 1897, and mnd Transfer Rules and Forms 1898, with Notes. 10/- Butterworth. Andrews, 0. M. Historical Development of Modern Europe. 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Provident Societies and Industrial Welfare. -'6. Braine, S. E. The Turkish Automaton. 3/6. Bretherton, R. H. Nothing Personal. 1/- net. Briggs. Alice J. Bessie's Ministry. 1/6. Brooke, Stopford. The Gospel of Joy. 6/- Brooks, Noah (ed.). The Story of Marco Polo. 6/- Brown, W. L. Inebriety Among the Ancients. 1/- net. Blackie. J. Baker. Culley. Ishister. Murray. Co. Brunetiere, F. (tr. by R. Derechef). Manual of the History of French Literature. 12/- Unwin Brunker, H. M. E. Questions on Organisation and Equipment Subject G. 2/6. Cloves ## p. 146 (#158) ############################################ 146 THE AUTHOR. Brunn, D. (tr. by L. A. E. B.). The Care-dwellers of Southern Tunisia. 13/- Thicker. Buchanan, Robert. Father Anthony. 6/- Long. Buck, R. 0. A Manual of Algebra (for Sailors, Ac.). 3/6. Qrlffln. Budge, E. A. Wallis (ed.). Coptic Psalter: The Earliest Known. 15/- net. Paul. Burke, Mrs. W. A. The Structure of Life. 2/- net. Art Book Co. 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Title A name given to the resource The Author, Vol. 09 Issue 06 (November 1898) Subject The topic of the resource The Author, Vol. 09 Issue 06 (November 1898) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101063829988" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101063829988</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1898-11-01-The-Author-9-6 publications The Author