https://historysoa.com/files/original/5/315/1898-05-02-The-Author-8-12.pdf b33ce80fd5d58c016813db527a937df3 PDF Text Text �������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em> Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, <em>The Author</em>, 1890<span>–</span>1914, made available together for the first time.<br /><br />Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&amp;collection=&amp;type=&amp;tags=&amp;exhibit=&amp;date_search_term=&amp;submit_search=Search+For+Items&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1898-05-02 Volume 8 Issue 12 Pages Page range in volume 305–332 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18980502 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin Uhc Hutbor* (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vol. VIII.—No. 12.] MA.Y 2, 1898. General Memoranda and Warnings Literary Property— 1. Lord Monkswell'a Bill 2. Canadian Copyright Law 3. The Cost or Production 4. Title Pages Thirteen as Twelve New York Letter. By Norman Hapgood Notes and News. By the Editor Feuilleton—Too Sharp for Once CONTENTS. PACE ... 305 ... E06 ... 307 ... 308 ... 308 ... 308 ... 309 ... 310 ... 318 [Pbich Sixpence. Notices to Correspondents Mr. Asqulth on Criticism Personal Questions and Answers Correspondence —1. The Boxburgbe Press Limited. 2 right in Titles 3. A Warning to Writers. Literary Year-Book 1S9»." 5. Editots and Contributors. 6. The Publisher's Assistant 321 Literature In the Periodicals 325 Book Talk The Books of the Month 330 FAOI 815 819 320 381 No Copy- 4. "Tho PUBLICATIONS OP THE SOCIETY. 1. The Annual Report. That for January 1897 can be had on application to the Secretary. 2. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance of Literary Property. Issued to all Members, 6*. 6d. per annum. Back numbers are offered at the following prices: Vol. I., 10*. 6d. (Bound); Vols. II., III., and IV., 8«. 6d. each (Bound) j Vol. V., 6f. 6d. (Unbound). 3. Literature and the Pension List. By W. Moeeis Colles, Barrister-at-Law. (Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C.) 3*. 1 The History of the Societe des Qens de Lettre3. By S. Squire Spriqqe, late Secretary to the Society, i*. 5. The Cost of Production. In this work specimens are given of the most important forms of type, size of page, Ac, with estimates showing what it costs to produce the more common kinds of books. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 21. 6d. 6. The Various Methods of Publication. By S. Squire Spriooe. In this work, compiled from the papers in the Society's offices, the various forms of agreements proposed by Publishers to Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the various kinds of fraud which have been made possible by the different clauses in their agreements. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 3*. 7. Copyright Law Reform. An Exposition of Lord Monkswell's Copyright Bill of 1890. With Extracts from the Report of the Commission of 1878, and an Appendix containing the Berne Convention and the American Copyright Bill. By J. M. Lelt. Eyre and Spottis- woode. is. 6d. 8. The Society of Authors. A Record of its Action from its Foundation. By Walter Besant (Chairman of Committee, 1888—1892). 1*. 9. The Contract of Publication in Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland. By Ernst Lukge, J.U.D. 2S. 6d.  ## p. 304 (#754) ############################################ AD VERTISEMENTS. ^f)e g>ociefp of Jlufljors (gncorporafeb) Sir Edwin Arnold, K.C.I.E., C.S.I. J. M. Barrie. A. W. X Beckett. KOBEKT BaTEMAN. F. E. Bbddard, F.B.S. Sib Henry Bergne, E.C.M.G. Sib Walter Besant. augustine blrrell, m.p.| Eev. Pbof. Bonnet, F.B.S. Biqht Hon. James Bbyce, M.P. Bight Hon. Lord Burqhclere, P.C. Hall Caine. Eoebton Castle, F.S.A. P. W. Clayden. Edward Clodd. W. Mobris Colles. Hon. John Collieb. Sib W. Mabtin Conway. F. Marion Cbawfobd. Eight Hon. G. N. Curzon, P.C, M.P. Hon. PRESIDENT. QEOEGE MEEEDITH COUNCIL. The Eabl of Desart. au8tin dobson. A. Conan Doyle, M.D. A. W. Duboubq. Pbof. Michael Foster, F.E.S. D. W. Fbeshfibld. Richard Gabnett, C.B., LL.D. EDHUND GOS8E. H. Rider Haggard. Thomas Hardy. Anthony Hope Hawkins. Jerome K. Jerome. Rudyard Kipling. Prof. E. Bay Lankester, F.B.S. W. E. H. Lkcky, P.C. J. M. Lely. Mrs. E. Lynn Linton. Bev. W. J. Loftie, F.S.A. Sir A. C. Mackenzie, Mus.Doc. Prof. J. M. D. Meiklejohn. Counsel — E. M. Underdown, Herman C. Merivale. Bev. C. H. Middleton-Wakb. Sir Lewis Morris. Henry Norman. Miss E. A. Ormbrod. J. C. Parkinson. Right Hon. Lord Pirbrioh*, P.C, F.R.S. Sir Frederick Pollock, Bart., LL.D. Walter Herries Pollock. W. Baptists Scoones. Miss Flora L. Shaw. G. R. Sims. S. Squire Sprigqe. J. J. Stevenson. Francis Storr. William Moy Thomas. H. D. Traill, D.C.L. Mrs. Humphry Ward. Miss Charlotte M. Yonge. Q.C A. W. 1 Beckett. Sir Walter Besant. Egerton Castle, F.S.A. W. Morris Colles. COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT. Chairman—Sir W. Martin Conway. D. W. Freshfield. J. M. Lely. H. Rider Haggard. Henry Norman. Anthony Hope Hawkins. Francis Storr. ART. Hon. John Collier (Chairman) Sir W. Martin Conway. M. H. Spielmann. Solicitor/— SUB-COMMITTEES. MUSIC. C. Villiers Stanford, Mas.D. (Chairman). Jacques Blumenthal. DRAMA. Henry Arthur Jones {Chairman). A. W. X Beckett. Edward Rose. Field, Roscoe, and Co., Linooln'a Inn Fields. G. Herbert Thring, B.A., 4, Portugal-street. Secretary—G. Herbert Thring, B.A. 4, Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C. OFFICES: J±. F. W^.TT & SOILST, LITERARY AGENTS, Formerly of 2, PATERNOSTER SOUARE, Have now removed to HASTINGS HOUSE, NORFOLK STREET, STRAND, LONDON, "W.C. THE TEMPLE TYPEWRITING OFFICE. TYPEWRITING EXCEPTIONALLY ACCURATE. Moderate prices. Duplicates of Circulars by the latest ^ process. £ OPINIONS OF CLIENTS.—Distinguished Author:—"The moBt beautiful typing I have ever seen." Lady of Title:—"The ^ work was very well and clearly done." Provincial Editor :—" Many thanks for the spotless neatness and beautiful accuracy." ^ MISS GENTRY, ELDON CHAMBERS, 30, FLEET STREET, E.C.  ## p. 305 (#755) ############################################ XT be Butbor, (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vol. VIII.—No. 12.] MAT 2, 1898. [Pbice Sixpence. For the Opinions expressed in papers that are signed or initialled the Autliors alone are responsible. None of the papers or para- graphs must be taken as expressing the collective opinions of the Committee unless they are officially signed by G. Herbert Thring, Sec. THE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and requests that all members not receiving an answer to important communications within two days will write to him without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered letter only. Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub- jects whatever. Articles which cannot bo accepted are returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS. GENERAL MEMORANDA. EOR some years it has been the praotioe to insert, in every number of The Author, certain " General Con- siderations," Warnings, Notices, &c, for the guidance of the reader. It has been objected as regards these warnings that the tricks or frauds against whioh they are directed cannot all be guarded against, for obvious reasons. It is, however, well that they should be borne in mind, and if any publisher refuses a clause of precaution he simply reveals his true character, and should be left to oarry on his business in his own way. Let us, however, draw up a few of the rules to be observed in an agreement. There are three methods of dealing with literary property:— I. That of selling it outright. This is in some respects the most satisfactory, if a proper price can be obtained. But the transaction should be managed by a competent agent. II. A profit-sharing agreement. In this case the following rules should be attended to: (1.) Not to sign any agreement in which the cost of pro- duction forms a part. (2.) Not to give the publisher the power of putting the profits into his own pocket by charging for advertisements VOL. Till. in his own organs: or by charging exchange advertise- ments. (3.) Not to allow a Bpecial charge for " office expenses," nnlesB the same allowance is made to the author. (4.) Not to give up American, Colonial, or Continental rights. (5.) Not to give up serial or translation rights. (6.) Not to bind yourself for future work to any publisher. As well bind yourself for the future to any one solicitor or doctor! (7.) To stamp the agreement. III. The royalty system. In this system, which has opened the door to a most amazing amount of overreaching and trading on the author's ignorance, it is above all things necessary to know what the proposed royalty means to both sides. It is now possiblo for an author to ascertain approximately and very nearly the truth. From time to time the very important figures connected with royalties are published in The Author. Readers can also work out the figures themselves from the "Cost of Production." Let no one, not even the youngest writer, sign a royalty agreement without finding out what it gives the publisher as well as himself. It has been objected that these precautions presuppose a great sueeess for the book, and that very few books indeed attain to this great success. That is quite true: but there is always this uncertainty of literary property that, although the works of a great many authors carry with them no risk at all, and although of a great many it is known within a few copies what will be their minimum circulation, it is not known what will be their maximum. Therefore every author, for every book, should arrange on the chance of a success which will not, probably, come at all; bnt which may come. The four points which the Society has always demanded from the outset are:— (1.) That both sides shall know what an agreement means. (2.) The inspection of those account books which belong to the author. We are advised that this is a right, in the nature of a common law right, which cannot be denied or withheld. (3.) That there Bhall be no secret profits. (4.) That nothing shall be charged whioh has not been actually paid—for instance, that there shall be no charge for advertisements in the publisher's own organs and none for exchanged advertisements and that all disoounts shall be duly entered. If these points are carefully looked after, the author may rest pretty well assured that he is in right hands. At the lame time he will do well to send his agreement to the secretary before he Bigns it. E E 2  ## p. 306 (#756) ############################################ 3 06 THE AUTHOR. HOW TO USE THE'SOCIETY. I. in VERY member has a right to ask for and to receive l^J advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub- lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his business or the administration of his property. If the advice sought is Buch as can be given best by a solicitor, the member has a right to an opinion from the Society's solicitors. If the cose is such that Counsel's opinion is desirable, the Com- mittee will obtain for him Counsel's opinion. All this without any cost to the member. 2. Remember that questions connected with copyright and publisher's agreements do not generally fall within the experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not Bcruple to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually engaged upon such questions for us. 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books represented. This is in order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree- ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor- mation thus obtained may prove invaluable. 4. If the examination of your previous business trans- actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should take advice as to a change of publishers. 5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro- posed document to the Society for examination. 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks of every publish- ing firm in the country. 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society yon are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the beat interests of literature in promoting the indepen- dence of the writer. 8. Send to the Editor of The Author notes of everything important to literature that you may hear or meet with. 9. The Committee have now arranged for the reception of members' agreements and their preservation in a fireproof safe. The agreements will, of course, be regarded as con- fidential documents to be read only by the Secretary, who will keep the key of the safe. The Society now offers:—(1) To read and advise npon agreements and publishers. (2) To stamp agreements in readiness for a possible action npon them. (3) To keep agreements. (4) To enforce payments due according to agreements. NOTICES. THE Editor of The Author begs to remind members of the Society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and communications on all subjects connected with literature from members and others. Nothing can do more good to the Society than to make The Author oomplete, attractive, and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this work send their names and the special subjects on which they are willing to write? Communications for The Author should reaoh the Editor not later than the 21 Bt of each month. All persons ongaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of the Society or not, are invited to oommunieate to the Editor any points connected with their work which it would be advisable in the general interest to publish. Members and others who wish their MSS. read are requested not to send them to the Oflice without previously communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in which they are received. It must also be distinctly under- stood that the Society docs not, under any circumstances, undertako the publication of MSS. The present location of the Authors' Club is at 3, White- hall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary for information, rules of admission, Ac. Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they have paid their subscriptions for the year p If they will do this, and remit the amount, if BtUl unpaid, or a banker's order, it will greatly assist the Sacretary, and save him the trouble of sending out a reminder Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the following warning. It is a most foolish and may be a most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding for a term of years. Let them ask thomselves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest? Of course they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign them- selves into literary bondage for three or five years? "ThoBe who possess the 'Cost of Production' are requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15 per oent." This clause was inserted three or four years ago. Estimates have, however, recently been obtained which show that the figures in the book may be relied on as nearly correct: as near as is possible. Some remarks have been made npon the amount charged in the " Cost of Production" for advertising. Of course, we have not included any Bums which may be charged for inserting advertisements in the publisher's own magazines, or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket, by inserting any number of advertisements in his own magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it. LITERARY PROPERTY. I.—Lord Monkswell's Bill. OUR French contemporary Le Droit d'Au- teur, the organ of the Berne Bureau of International Copyright, to whose valuable columns we have been not a few times indebted for intelligence of the highest moment, published in March an article on recent copyright legisla- tion in England of a kind most encouraging to ourselves. Continental literary circles, where, naturally enough, the difficulties of British legislation are not clearly understood, have felt some doubts concerning the value of Lord Monkswell's Bill at present before the House of Lords. In States where codification has become traditional, and  ## p. 307 (#757) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 307 amongst foreign authors, who have sometimes suffered injustice in consequence of the confused and inadequate nature of the copyright laws of Great Britain, it is not singular that opinions should have been expressed rather in favour of a thorough revision of our copyright statutes than of an enactment calculated to remove some of the present most pressing difficulties. And this will be the less wondered at when it is remem- bered that amongst ourselves the fact that the revision of the whole copyright law could not be expected to pass the House of Commons except as a Government measure has been over- looked. With the various views which have been expressed the Droit cTAuteur deals in a short article, beginning with an appropriate reference to Mr. Herbert Thring's recent contri- bution in the Fortnightly Review, and then pro- ceeding to sketch the situation, and to speak of the difficulties in the way of the improvement of our legislation. It will be unnecessary to repro- duce here the r&sumi given of Mr. Herbert Thring's article. We may pass over the exposition of the difficulties in the way of reform with which we are ourselves but too familiar; only remarking that this subject is handled with an admirable impartiality. But we should like to call the attention of our readers to the two following passages. One expresses the views of the writer in Le Droit cTAuteur: Respecting the plan of campaign choaen by the English Society of Authors, whioh is, if possible to carry through some well defined and urgently needed reforms, before pro- ceeding to codification, this is a question of tactics, regarding which it is not our place to express an opinion. The English- men interested in these matters are here in a better position to judge than we. Tn the other, near the end of the article, we have the views of a French editor: views expressed in terms which cannot be other than highly gratifying to all supporters of Lord Monkswell's Bill and the Society's action: The same view is maintained by our contemporary, Le Progrea AHUtique (March 3, 1898), in whioh the editor, M. Maurice La Riviere, writes: "Whilst admitting that partial revisions applied to matters already regulated by several different legislative measures present serious incon- veniences, as well as risks of legal inconsistencies and contradictions, often of a kind to be deeply regretted, we cannot, at the same time, avoid asking ourselves whether it does not amount to sacrificing the substance for a shadow if we decline to take advantage of the limited but definite ameliorations which would result from Lord Monkswell's bill, in order to wait—God knows how long—for a codifica- tion of the English copyright laws. The question is, perhaps, a disputable one from the point of view of the English themselves; but respecting the interests of foreigners, and more particularly those of French dramatists and men of letters in general, it appears to us that every one Bhould without hesitation support the immediate and definite adoption of the project of the English Society of Authors." II.—Canadian Copyright Law. An important meeting of the Canadian Copy- right Association was held in the Board of Trade committee room yesterday (March 11). Mr. Dan. A. Bose, vice-president, called the meeting to order, and, in opening the proceedings, referred to what had been done in the past in order to secure a proper copyright law in Canada, and place the present unsatisfactory state of things on a better footing. The subject had been thoroughly threshed out, and there was no opposition from either political party. It was not a political matter at all, but one of ordinary business and straight justice. There was every reason to suppose that it could now be satis- factorily settled. A draft bill had been prepared as a result of several conferences between the Canadian Copyright Association and Mr. Hall Caine, who represented the British authors. The principles of that measure had been assented to by both sides of the House of Commons. There would, therefore, seem to be no reason why it should not pass into law. It was not a matter that need take up much of the time of the House, seeing that the righteousness and expediency of the measure were conceded. He therefore trusted that a united effort would be made to secure this desirable result. Mr. George N. Morang said that in the present ripe state of the question it would seem to be a want of judgment on the part of the association if vigorous steps were not at once taken with a view to relieve the publishing trade from the inconvenience and injustice under which it suffered from the incidence of the present law, or rather the want of it. The publishing trade had made headway under serious difficulties, and it deserved some attention. He moved "That in view of the importance of the publishing interest in Canada, which now gives employment to a large number of persons, and in view also of the great injustice and inconvenience occasioned by the chaotic state of copyright in Canada, imme- diate steps be taken to urge on the Govern- ment to settle the question on the basis of the draft bill agreed upon by this association, as representing Canadian interests, and by Mr. Hall Caine, as representing the British interests, and that the executive of this association take requisite action in the matter and interview the Government at once." The resolution was seconded by Mr. A. S. Irving. Mr. J. Murray said that, in order that the enterprise might proceed with success, it was requisite that the sinews of war should be pro- vided. The association had shown no hanging back in this respect in past times, and he did not anticipate any difficulty on that score now. He  ## p. 308 (#758) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. moved "That the executive committee be autho- rised to take steps to collect funds to promote the work of the association." The resolution was seconded by Mr. R. L. Patterson.— Toronto I for Id, March 12. __0<-^_ III.—The Cost of Production. In the note on the Cost of Paper in the last Author it is stated that a "ream of paper varies in weight from loclb. to 1301b." This leaves a wide margin of choice, but it is better to make it still wider by inserting the words "suitable for a fa. volume of 10 sheets of 32 pages." IV.—Title Pages. At a recent meeting of the Publishers' Associa- tion the Report of the Committee on Title Pages was received and discussed. The Report (says the Publishers' Circular) was in the following •words :— The Committee held meetings on Tuesday, Oct. 26; Tuesday, Nov. 2; and Thursday, Nov. 18; and unanimously agreed on the following recom- mendations, viz.:— (1) Date. («) That the title page of every book should bear the date of the year of publication, i.e., of the year in which the impression or the re-issue of which it forms a part, was first put on the market. (6) That when stock is re-issued in a new form, the title page should bear the date of the new issue, and each copy should be described as a "re-issue," either on the title page or in a bibliographical note. (c) That the date at which a book was last revised should be indicated cither on the title page or in a bibliographical note. (2) Bibliographical Note. That the bibliographical note should, when possible, be printed on the Lack of the title page, in order that it may not be separated therefrom in binding. (3) Impression, Edition, Re-issce. That for bibliographical purposes definite meanings should be attached to these words when used on a title page, and the following are recommended: Impression.—A number of copies printed at any one time. When a book is re- printed without change it should be called anew impression,to distinguish it from an edition as defined below. Edition.—An impression in which the matter has undergone some change, or for which the type has be en reset. Re-issue.—A republication at a different price, or in a different form, of part of an impression which has already been placed on the market. (4) Localisation. When the circulation of an impression of a book is limited by agreement to a par- ticular area, that each copy of that impres- sion should bear a conspicuous notice to that effect. Addendum. In cases where a book has been reprinted many times, and revised a less number of times, it is suggested that the intimation to that effect should be as follows, e.g.:— "Fifteenth Impression (Third Edition)." This would indicate that the book had been printed fifteen times, and that in the course of those fifteen impressions it had been revised or altered twice. The report was adopted. THIRTEEN AS TWELVE- IT is reported that attempts are being made to pay royalties on the principle of 13 as 12. In other words, if a royalty of 20 per cent, is agreed upon it is proposed to pay a royalty on 12 copies out of every 13 copies sold, or on 100 copies to pay for 92. That is to say, the author is to receive a royalty of only 18 j0s per cent. What is the justification of this imposition? The practice, it is said, of giving the trade an allowance of 13 as 12. But this is only done when the bookseller orders a dozen of one work or a dozen volumes of the same publisher. Now with the declining condition of the bookseller's trade, such orders are growing fewer and fewer every day. The distributing firms doubtless send in such orders, and get these allowances, but the average bookseller does not. Of that there can be no doubt. In other words the allowance of 13 as 12 by no means covers the whole sales. Therefore, to demand of the author to give up 8 per cent, because such an allowance is made in certain cases is simply an attempt to trade upon ignorance. In the next place, it may be argued fairly that the author has nothing to do with the publisher's trade arrangements. His royalty is a fixed charge on the book like the cost of printing and paper. But there is another consideration of vital importance. The royalties are now mainly based upon certain tables published some time ago in The Author, which opened the eyes of the literary world as to the meaning of the royalties they  ## p. 309 (#759) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 309 had been offered and had received. Now these tables were prepared on the understanding that the allowance of 13 as 12 was universal. Thus the price of a 6*. book to the trade was considered to be 4s. 2d. less 10 per cent, and 13 as 12, bringing the price down to 3s. 6d. very nearly. The figures thus appeared as follows: 1. The cost of a 6*. book in large numbers was set down at i*. In The Author of April, p. 290, the cost of a certain book of average size was, not estimated but, actually quoted as charged and paid for at gi^d. a copy. To make it up to a shilling ,£35 would have to be spent in advertising. 2. The price to the trade was set down at 3«. 6d. A list of prices obtained from a book which had a circulation of many thousands was fur- nished a few months ago by a certain firm of publishers, which showed that while the dis- tributing firms paid less, the trade paid more. The average was almost exactly 3*. 6d. Perhaps, when the distributing firms take a larger propor- tion the average will be nearer 3s. 5<7. 3. The profit of the book was therefore 2s. 6d. The tables of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 per cent, royalty was calculated on those figures. But if after the royalty was allowed on the 13 as 12, the publishers claim it again, they actually have it twice over. And a royalty of 20 per cent, in the old agreement should be one of 21 f per cent. For the next number of The Author new tables will be prepared, first, without reference to the allowance at all, and next, recognising it and altering the figures accordingly. But these must not be altered over again. NEW YOKE LETTER. New York, April 14. THE business of syndicate sale of literary matter, especially fiction, has had an exten- sion in the purchase by John Brisben Walker, editor and owner of the Cosmopolitan, of the Bacheller Newspaper Syndicate. He will not only do the business formerly done by the concern in sending out New York letters, woman's pages, &c, to provincial papers, but will also do a business similar to that now done by the McClure Syndicate, selling the Sunday papers all the stories which he buys for his magazine. Mr. McClure frequently allows these Sunday papers to print instalments of serials before they appear in the magazine. The general idea is that a story which has been in the maga- zine has been seen all over the country, whereas its appearance in the few newspapers has very little effect on the readers of the magazine. Mr. A. F. Jaccaci, the art editor of McClure's Magazine, is about to make a trip to the Western States to see half a dozen young writers whom he thinks promising. He said that he would like to have McClure's Magazine do for America what has been done in England by certain editors in discovering new writers, and he thinks those who need encouragement are almost all in the West, as a young m m who gets any kind of a start in New York receives so much attention, and has so much demand for his work, that he is likely to be spoiled. This theory, if it were to be weighed carefully, would, of course, need con- siderable mitigation. It is on the whole true, however, that two influences exist side by side in the literary as well as in the general life of this city. A person of any real ability in letters, or even of a factitious cleverness, is likely to become the centre of enough attention for him to dwell on if he wishes to; but, on the other hand, the city is so big, with so many diverging groups of life, that almost nobody has any individual importance, and it is more frequent to hear the loneliness which this con- dition produces dwelt upon, than the self- consciousness which is engendered by our keen appreciation of literature of any grade. Among the writers who are just beginning their careers, the author of " The Imported Bride- groom, and Other Stories," which is to be pub- lished by Houghton, Mifflin, and Co. immediately, gives some genuine promise. Abraham Cahan is a young Russian Jew of high ideals and of an intensely serious nature. A large part of his life has been spent among the people of what we call our Ghetto. He is now doing regular work on the Commercial Advertiser, broadening his experience by knowledge of the varied sides of city life which newspaper reporting opens up to one. His attitude towards his surroundings is interesting, as being typical probably of the majority of serious Russians in this country. He feels entirely out of sympathy with the American temperament. The fundamental indifference and jocosity with which it takes everything, treating politics and literature with the same curiosity and the same carelessness, shock him. I fancy that he will not do his best work until his point of view as a foreigner vanishes, and he sees the American spirit from the inside rather than from the outside, enjoying it, however much he may desire to change it in detail. Mr. Henry James, who published an interesting article on literary opportunities in America in Literature a short time ago, has also some-  ## p. 310 (#760) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. ■what of an external point of view, in spite of his knowledge of America and his cleverness. Pro- bably nobody, however discriminating, who has not given himself up essentially to our life as it is, can speak about it in a tone which shall seem intimate and convincing to the Americans themselves. Mr. James picks out two things for special emphasis, the business man and woman. Now, those are very obvious elements of life, but it is almost certainly true that to the most sensitive and deepest people who are living in the rush of this life, it would not occur to project the business man and his special problem into the foreground in our general feeling of American life. What there is a vague and strong desire for in our literature, is not the use of these obviously literary opportunities, but the expression of some- thing more deeply characteristic, which shall give principles and shades of thought and feeling which exist throughout a whole city, or a whole social class, or the whole country. The method of writing a story about a grocer or a stockbroker, or the member of a trade union, has been tested for a good while without producing any other result than a demonstration of the fact that the hero of the novel ought to be an individual and a man, rather than a tradesman or a professional. I do not mean, of course, that his occupation should not appear in the novel, but that it should not be the essential element of it. There was a rather discouraging outcome to Miss Elizabeth Kobins's attempt to introduce Ibsen to her native country. Instead of a series of performances here and in Boston, she gave but one, "Hedda G abler," at a matinte in New York. Her supporting company was a fairly good one, thoroughly rehearsed, and the resulting performance was the best all-round presentation of an Ibsen play that I have ever seen, her own acting being better than that of anybody who has played in Ibsen here recently, with the single exception of Mr. E. J. Henley, who is now in England. In spite of these favourable conditions the success was only moderate. The audience was made up of literary people and actors, and con- tained none of the element which would support a play for any length of time. The criticisms in the Press were almost without exception as hostile as they were shallow. We are on the road to learn something about technical excellence in the drama, but we evidently shall refuse to learn it from the Norwegian. One way in which we get some instruc- tion is an absurdly dishonest one. There is a prejudice against old plays here. If an actor wished to put on Dumas's "Kean," his manager would protest vigorously. Charles Coghlan, therefore, makes an awkward, but almost literal translation of it, and advertises it as practically a new play, merely founded on an old drama, and is drawing crowded houses. Only Monday one of our most cultivated actresses, Minnie Madden Fiske, put a play on the stage, a translation from the German. The translator's name was con- spicuous, but the original author was thought of so little importance that he was not mentioned. Almost the only purely original dramatic work of any note which has been done here within the last two or three years is Mr. Gillette's " Secret Service," with which you have had an opportunity in England to become well acquainted. There is a general feeling, although as yet no definite signs, that the conditions are ripe for the poetic drama, and the success of " Cyrano de Bergerac" has encouraged that belief. Mr. Richard Mans- field, easily the leading actor in America along certain lines, will take the part. One of the notable figures in American life and letters has just retired from his principal courses at Harvard. Charles Eliot Norton has long stood pre-eminently for old world culture, and a. lack of sympathy with the elements of life around him. His method has been not to pick out what he could find in America that was vital, or beauti- ful, or capable of being used to good purpose, but to talk continually about what was ugly or crude, and to contrast it with remote opposites, ranging from Greece to Burne-Jones. He has doubtless done good as well as harm, but his influence has been academic and slight, as that of any man must be who takes the situation before him in such a narrow closet fashion. Norman Hapgood. NOTES AND NEWS. ANOTE in the Athenseum states that owing to the war and the continued excitement it is certain to create, many books planned for the autumn will be kept back by the pub- lishers in the United States. My own forecast in the matter is that the excitement over the war, which will go on increasing, will not prevent books from being read, but quite the contrary. A war wakes up the whole nation: it not only calls forth anxiety, hope, exultation, resolution, tenacity, and other emotions and passions, but it seizes on every faculty and calls it into action. As to the influence of a long war on literature, remember that in the long war of Great Britain with France, from 1793 to 1814, a great part of which, so far as operations on land were concerned, was only partially successful, our literature was enriched by work from Wordsworth, Coleridge,  ## p. 311 (#761) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 3ii Southey, Lamb, Byron, Scott, Kogers, Landor, Shelley, Godwin, James Hogg, Leigh Hunt, Jeremy Bentham, Frances Burney, Mrs. Barbauld, Thomas Campbell, Edmund Burke, and a great many more. How far the excitement of war stimulated these writers I do not know; but I think that it kept them from going to sleep. It is in times of peace that people desire nothing: neither to create literature nor to read it: the national body is apt to grow fat; the national mind to grow torpid. I venture to prophesy that after the first few weeks of the war excitement the demand for new literature will not only know no abatement, but will greatly increase. The most dead, dull, and dejected time in the whole history of English literature was that of the early Thirties—a period of profound peace. At one time, I believe in the autumn of 1832, there were hardly any books published at all. It was at that time, I believe, that the world finally rebelled against the rubbish that was forced upon the book clubs as fiction and poetry. The society novel fell never to be revived; the tales in verse fell; and the book clubs fell, to be revived, perhaps. They broke up, and their place has never since been filled up. I remark, again, that this was, after many years, a time of profound peace. Many years ago I was talking on this subject with the late George Bentley. He assured me that, from his own recollection, during the excite- ment of the Crimean War, followed by that of the Indian Mutiny, the demand for books was to a marked degree greater than during the years before. When peace returned, he said, a depres- sion of the book trade set in and lasted for a long time. . Mr. Asquith spoke so well the other day on criticism, that it is a pity he did not take the next step, and show what criticism ought to do in art and literature. The opposition of " critical" and "constructive" he showed to be fallacious. That, indeed, is easy to show. It is possible to be like Goethe, critical as well as constructive: it is pos- sible to be, like Matthew Arnold, a fine poet as well as a great critic: it is, however, possible and much more common to be a fine critic, and to possess no constructive power whatever. The function of criticism is not, he insisted, at times of intellectual torpor and stagnation, a form of intellectual gymnastics. And it is absurd to say that critics are failures in literature. Quite so: it is, however, perfectly true that a large number of professed critics are failures in literature, inasmuch as they have been proved VOL. vni. unable to do anything good. Mr. Asquith quoted Matthew Arnold: "The critic must know the best that is known and thought in the world, and by making this known create a current of true and fresh ideas." Let us accept this as a starting point. The next thing is that the critic shall understand what is best when he sees it. With this object a good deal of preparation is necessary. The true critic must be, to begin with, a fine Greek scholar, a fine French scholar, if not also a fine German scholar. He must have in his mind certain canons for his own guidance: he must know what has been done in the various branches of imaginative literature, history, belles lettres. How many critics have we who could pass an examination in these subjects? Let me add to these remarks of Mr. Asquith certain dicta of Professor Saintsbury, who, above all others, is jealous as to the position and true functions of the critic in literature. He offers two or three test questions. Thus : "What idea of the original would this critic give to a tolerably instructed person who did not know that original? How far has this critic seen steadily, and seen whole, the subject which he has set him- self to consider? How far has he referred the main peculiarities of that subject to their proximate causes and effects? How far has he attempted to place, and succeeded in placing, the subject in the general history of Literature, in the collection of authors of its own department?" These are questions worth considering. Indeed, the whole essay is one which young writers—even those who do not intend to become reviewers—should read and ponder. "I think," he adds, "that if I were dictator, one of the first non-political things that I should do would be to make the order of reviewers as close a one, at least, as the bench of judges, or the staff of the Mint, or of any public establishment of a similar character." I think that it is time to withdraw the word criticism from the short notices of books which fill up our papers. They may be guides, but they are not criticisms: guides if written after honestly reading the book; misleading pretences if not. In such notices we want to know if a book is worth buying: what it contains: if it will instruct us: if it will interest us. A critic is not wanted for this work. A courteous gentle- man, ready to appreciate, slow to condemn, and incapable of misrepresentation, is the writer who should be employed for such work as this. There are one or two "hands" that might be indicated as already at work on these lines, and I hope there will be more. r r  ## p. 312 (#762) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. In another column 'will be found a ommunica- tion from Mr. Herbert W. Smith, treating on the general questions on which we have published so many communications. He mentions three great grievances: (i) delay in considering MSS.; (2) delay in payment; and (3) unequal remuneration. He would "compel " an editor to return MSS. within a month. How would he compel him? If a writer offers an editor a MS., he may make it a condition that it is to be returned or accepted within a certain time. It is for the editor to accept that condition or to refuse. Most editors would refuse. Surely, too, allowance must be made for the mass of MSS. showered upon the editor. With regard to the second grievance, this is a real one. A writer has his MS. accepted; he may have to wait for months. I know a case in which a MS. was accepted by what used to be called a magazine of the first class. It appeared two years afterwards. Accepted MSS. ought to be paid for when they are accepted. Here, again, the writer can propose his own conditions; the editor, for his part, cau accept or refuse. As for the third complaint— that of unequal remuneration—I would ask our correspondent to name any occupation at which remuneration is equal. There is no " legitimate" rate of pay for magazine or other literary work. Some journals would shut up at once if they had to pay at the same rates as the better class organs. But here, again, writers have the matter in their own hands. If they know that a journal pays badly why send their contributions? If they plead necessity, then, ahis! there is no answer. In every profession there are necessitous persons, and there are sweaters to prey upon them. I hope, however, that those who road this com- munication will reflect (1) that, unless necessity compels them, they can propose their own condi- tions; and (2) that there is no way possible of "compelling" editors to alter their methods. Miss Betham-Edwards, in her book of "Remi- niscences," places on record the condition on which her first novel, "The White House by the Sea," was published. The book was issued in 1857 and its last edition appeared in 1891. It has thus had forty years' run:— I must here for once and for all make it qnite clear that I do not in the very leaat reflect npon anyone else bnt myself throughout the history of this transaction. The important, I may say the only, object I had in view was to get my book well put before the pnblic—which it was, my payment being in kind, instead of money, that is to say, I received twenty-five copies of new one, two, and three volnme novels. For a young writer the bargain cannot be called a bad one. My work was well printed, well bound, well advertised, and presented to the world in excellent com- pany. The curious part of the business is this: before me lies the original edition in two handsome volumes dated 1857, beside it the last pDpular edition dated 1891. Bet veen those two dates, a period of just npon thirty-five years, the book hid contrived to keep its head above water, that is to say, had been steadily reprinted from time to time j yet from its first appearance to the present day, when it is still selling, not a farthing of profit has accrued to the author. That the author should still think that the bargain "cannot be called a bad one," is truly wonderful. That there was nobody but herself to blame is certainly quite true. That any firm of publishers should offer to buy the whole copy- right of a work which might prove a well and a fountain for years to come, for twenty-five books seems incredible. Yet on another page—in the Feuilleton—appears a story of a publisher of to-day trying to get the copyright of a new writer's first book on terms no better. Miss Edwards's twenty- five works were worth nominally quite as much as the fifteen guineas offered by the publisher of to-day. oii A writer in the Morning Post has a few remarks touching Sir Henry Craik's unfortunate exhibition at a late dinner: The Secretary of the Scottish Education Department is reported to have said: "The Society of Authors had told them that the publisher was a needless invention, and . . . that the chief duty of the author was to make himself a sprightly commercial agent, who brought the most worthless wares to the dearest market." These utterances may have been rather free generalisations, and might oertainly mislead those members of the public—by far the largest class—who do not trouble their heads much about literary affairs. No one who has taken the least interest in the controversy over the ethios and practices of authors and publishers can, however, have failed to under- stand what Sir Henry Craik intended to convey, though his language was undoubtedly somewhat exaggerated. What Sir Henry Craik intended to convey can only be gathered from what he said. Now, the Society of Authors has never to my knowledge told the public that the "publisher is a needless invention." I have consulted the Secretary, who knows nothing of such a statement. It is a direct allegation, and can have no other meaning than what it says. As for the other allegation, it is difficult to meet it except by a direct denial. For what is the work of the Society of Authors? It is to define and to maintain literary property. In order to do this, it has set itself to investigate, and to publish, everything connected with literary property. It has made, or is making it, impos- sible for publishers to take advantage of superior knowledge or to trade upon ignorance. That is the chief business of the Society, and the fact that it is doing this business effectively is the cause of the wrath that springs in the minds of certain publishers at the mere mention of the Society.  ## p. 313 (#763) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. The same writer calls attention to certain words of mine, in which I ask who are the persons stated to try for a reputation by reclame, by self-advertising. The writer says: "Yet, possibly, when we reflect that some tolerably popular novelists of to-day produce three, four, five, or more books in a year, and how many writers never seem to lose any opportunity for an interview or a paragraph about their domestic affairs, some clue to the riddle may suggest itself." I am as much at a loss as ever. Who are the novelists who produce " three, four, five, or more" novels in a year? I declare that I do not know any novelist who produces work at anything like this rate. It seems to me absolutely impossible. Consider. Although the average one-volume novel is not more than half the length of the old three-volume novel, its length varies from 60,000 to 100,000 words. It would be difficult to produce more than two such novels in a year. But we are told of novelists writing "three, four, five, or more." Then, again, who are the writers who are always getting an inter- view or a paragraph about their domestic affairs into the paper? What papers admit these details? And why do the editors allow these personal notes to appear? I really think that we ought to blame the editors, and not the novelists. At all events, in The Author there have never been any personal matters other than the announce- ments of new boots. Walter Besant. FEUILLETON. TOO SHAEP FOE ONCE. I. "T HAVE brought you, Sir," said the young I man, "a MS." He spoke as if it was the most unusual thing in the world for a MS. to be brought to that house. And he laid it on the table with something of a slap. He was humble in his manner, in spite of that slap: not humble in his dress nor in his appear- ance, which were entirely commc il faut. He was humble because he was now offering for acceptance or rejection a work which had occupied his whole thoughts and his whole time for a year and a half. He believed in his work: but he was anxious, because as yet he had shown it to no one. Of course it was a novel : every ambitious young man now attempts that form of Literature and Art; although he knew it not, his work possessed the first quality necessary for success: it was real: everything in it was drawn from real life, and the pages vibrated with the reality VOL. VIII. of truth. This, however, he knew not, and he brought his MS. in doubt and anxiety. "I've too many MSS. already," said the pub- lisher, curtly. "And I've lost too much money already. I lose by everything that I publish." "In that case I will take mine elsewhere. I am sorry to have disturbed you." He took up his bundle, clapped it under his arm, and turned. "Since you always lose you're an unlucky house." "Stay." The publisher — the Controller of Destiny—the Compeller of Fame—looked at the card—it told him nothiug. "Is this your first work, young gentleman?" "The use of the phrase 'Young gentleman' is not warranted by your position or your acquaintance with me," replied the author. "But it is my first attempt." "Ah! Your first work. So. A publisher can confer no greater service upon a young man than in producing his first work. No greater service. Eemember that. I am always doing the most good-natured things, but there — one gets no credit. Now, as regards your first production— your first—crude it is, no doubt, and full of faults. Still I can—I can—well—I can submit it, if you please, to my reader. There!" He swelled out his face, and really looked as if he was conferring some great and self-denying favour. ,: If he should happen to recommend it—he recommends one in a hundred—I might be disposed—I don't know—the risk is terrible, of course—you would not mind paying down a hundred pounds or so towards the first cost?" "You can produce the whole work for less than .£80, and a great deal less after subscription." The young man took up his bundle again. "What do you mean by asking for <£ioo? Certainly not." "Stay, Sir—stay," said the publisher. "You have no money, perhaps. Dear! Dear! Thit is a pity, because, to a beginner, no system is more equitable. I am, myself, all for equity—all." "I will leave it with you, then, for three weeks. At the end of that time you must give me an answer." He turned and went away brusquely. "Humph !" said the publisher, tossing the MS. into a corner. "Mighty independent! An impudent young Beast! As if it's a favour to me offering his stuff! But he wants his work published. I'll be even with him, somehow." II. Three weeks later the young man presented himself again. "I am come," he said "for your decision as to my MS. left with you three weeks ago." F F 2  ## p. 314 (#764) ############################################ 3'4 THE AUTHOR. "Your MS.? Tour MS.? We have so many, Sir, that I am not able without . Ah! That was the title, was it? Truly." He rang the bell and ordered the clerk to bring the reader's opinion on a work with that title. He received it, glanced over it, and handed it across the table. "There, Sir, is my reader's opinion. Tou will observe that it is favourable—perhaps too favourable. The optimistic character of my reader, in fact, loses me many hundreds a year— many hundreds. I assure you he will like every- thing." The young man read the opinion through. He coloured with pleasure. The reader spoke of it in very high terms. He believed that there was a future for the work, and said so. "Tou must not take his opinion too literally," said the publisher. "He admires everything. I shall have to get a new reader if this indiscri- minate praise goes on" "Well, sir, your decision?" "I return to my original proposal. Pay me .£100 down, and I will release you of all respon- sibility, and will bring out your novel." "And the proceeds?" "On a first novel this is unnecessary. I cannot undertake to make any returns of sales." "Then I take my work elsewhere." "Oh! Young men are so impetuous. Why stand in your own light? Well, I will give you, say, half the profits." "I take my work elsewhere." "Sir, this is very hard. I try to meet you half way, and you answer me in a manner which, I must say, is unmerited. What would you have? A royalty? Many authors do very well with a royalty. Shall we say 10 per cent, after 800 copies are sold?" "That gives you about five times the profit that it would give me." "Dear, dear! How can authors get such foolish ideas? It is, I suppose, that abominable Society of Authors which has been corrupting your mind. What do you know about office expenses, rent, travellers, clerks?" "You've got a clerk and a half, two rooms, and no travellers. Try again." "Well then, you would like to sell the work right out. That, after all, is the best plan, is it not? No anxiety: no trouble: no nasty accounts to breed bad blood between author and pub- lisher." "I might—for a proper price." "Young man, I am the judge of what is a proper price." "Are you? I will give you my opinion on that subject when you make an offer." The publisher looked at him curiously. Yes: he was above all things eager to get his work published. "I might make an offer. First book: risk of total loss: danger of complete neglect: new novels come out now at the rate of three or four a day: who can hope to stand up against such competition? Young gentleman, in that optimistic account of your MS.—I am sorry I snowed it to you—one point was passed over. Believe me, the true way to judge of a work is to find out what in the reader's written opinion is left out. I cannot find, Sir, the word 'stimulating.' I always find that success depends more upon the stimulating power of a work than upon anything else. When a novelist comes to me, I say, 'Is it stimulating?' My reader clearly thinks that your work is not stimulating. That, of course, materially detracts from the value of your MS. Still I am ready to make an offer? Let me see. Oh, I said first book:—have you some friends who will log-roll it?" "Thank Heaven—No." "Dear! Dear! And he blasphemously thanks Heaven! No literary connections. Heavy out- lay. Probably no returns at all. JNo influence, I suppose, at the libraries? None. Tut, tut. Dear me. Travellers—as I said before—accoun- tants, clerks—messengers—rent, taxes—well—I can offer you—" Again he looked at the man sharply. Yes, he was quivering with anxiety for the production of the MS. "I can make you the very handsome offer of Fifteen Pounds for the entire copyright with all rights—American, Con- tinental, and dramatic — of the MS. in my hands—" "What?" "Fifteen guineas. Did I say pounds? I meant guineas. I always give guineas. I am all for generosity, and—" "Keep your generosity, Sir. I have not asked for it. Give me my MS." The publisher rose solemnly. He laid his finger upon the bell; but he did not press it. "Sir," he said "you stand at the parting of two ways. I press this bell, and you are lost. I do not press the bell, and Fame and Fortune await you. Pause!" "Ring your damned bell," said the author. "In that case"—he pressed the button. "I have rung." He sank back into his chair and joined his fingers. "You have brought it on yourself, Sir—on your own head. John, bring the MS. to which this opinion refers." The young man seized the bundle and strode out. "Now," said the good man, " if the Publishers' Society was what it ought to be, there would be a Eing. I joined it hoping that there would be »  ## p. 315 (#765) ############################################ THE AUTHOR, 3'5 Ring. Then no one would give any more. And then the fellow—Impudent Beast !—would have to give in—to my price. Ah! It is a badly con- ducted world!" m. Three months later there were seen on every bookstall, and in every bookshop, piles of a new novel. It ran through fifty, sixty, seventy editions of a thousand each. It was a gold mine. The reader called to see his publisher. "Pity," he said, "that you let it go out of the house. I praised it as highly as I could. I thought you would have jumped at it." "I did. I offered him—Ha!—noble terms- royal terms, and he refused them. Flung out of the room he did, with insulting words." "Well, as I said, it's a pity. They advertise this morning the 146th thousand. And you might have had it. What's the matter?" For his esteemed principal fell back in his chair with a white face. "Get me a glass of something—brandy—any- thing. Yet I offered him royal terms—royal— I believe I've got a chill—it's gone straight to the liver. A hundred and forty-six—forty-six —a hundred and forty-six thousand. And I might have had it. I'm sure it's gone straight to the liver, and it might have been mine—mine —mine!!!" NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. ABOUT two years ago a list was published in The Author of Notices to Correspondents, taken from various papers. Owing to application being made by many of our members for a renewal of the list, we have much pleasure in publishing the list below, which has been collected during the past two months from the papers referred to. As the question of MSS. sent to papers is, of course, of the greatest interest to our members, we think it worth while, at the same time, to reprint Counsel's opinion which was obtained on behalf of the Society about a year ago. "Editor and Author. "1. I am of opinion that if a manuscript be sent to the editor of a magazine without any previous request or agreement, the editor is not responsible for its loss while in his possession unless the loss be due to some gross negligence on his part. So long, however, as the manuscript remains in his possession the editor is bound to return it on demand, and the publication in his magazine of a notice that he will not return manuscripts does not, in my opinion, alter his liability in this respect towards an author who was not cognizant of such notice when he sent in the manuscript. "The editor's responsibility for the manuscript while in his possession is, in my opinion, that of a gratuitous or voluntary bailee, who is answerable for loss through his gross negligence, but not for any ordinary neglect. (See 1 Smith's Leading Cases, 10th edition, pp. 189, et seq.) If the manuscript has been lost, the onus lies upon the author to show that the loss was caused by the editor's gross negligence, for which alone the editor is answerable. (See Story on Bailments, 9th edit. s. 410, and the cases referred to in the notes there.) "If the manuscript was in the editor's posses- sion when its return was demanded, the editor is liable, in my opinion, to an action of detenue if he refuse to return it. Evidence that the editor received the manuscript would raise a presump- tion that it was still in his possession when the demand was made. But the editor could rebut that presumption by proving that the manuscript was lost prior to the demand. The editor would not escape liability by proving that he had improperly destroyed or wrongfully parted with the manuscript (see Jones t\ Dowle, 9 M. & W. 19), or had lost it through his gross negligence (see Reeve v. Palmer, 5 C. B., N.S. 84). But it would be a good defence for the editor to bhow that before its return was demanded the manuscript was lost without default on his part (see 5 C. B., N.S. pp. 85-89), or in some manner which could not be ascertained. In the latter cases the editor would not be liable unless the author could adduce affirmative evidence of gross negligence (see Powell v. Graves, 2 Times L. R. 663; Howard v. Harris, C. & E. 253). "2.1 am of opinion that if in the particular case referred to the author sent his manuscript to the editor in ignorance of the existence of any such notice as that which is in the magazine, then the editor could not successfully rely upon the notice as a defence to any action brought against him. In this case the notice would, in my opinion, be immaterial, but, of course, the editor might have a complete defence on other grounds, such as those I have already referred to in my answer to the first question. H the author saw or tnew of the notice before he sent his manuscript, I think he would be held to have sent it on the terms of such notice: (see Parker t\ South- Eastern Railway Company, 2 C. P. D. 416; Richards v. Rjwntree (1894) A. C. 217). The exact part of the magazine in which the notice is inserted is immaterial, except in so far as it renders it more or less likely that the author in fact saw or did not see the n tice, assuming that he ever saw the magazine.  ## p. 316 (#766) ############################################ 316 THE AUTHOR. "3. I am of opinion that the burden of proving that the author was cognizant of the notice would lie upon the editor. "T. Willes Chitty." The List. Academy.—No rejected MS. returned under the old man- agement, bnt the practice now is to return them under the usual conditions. Address, 27, Chancery-line, W.C. Anecdote3. —Important.—All Manuscripts and Drivings submitted to the proprietors of Anecdotes are subjeot to the following conditions:—!. Articles must be legibly written or typed on sheets of convenient size, and on one side only. 2. The name and address of the author rr artist must be conspicuously written upon the first or lust page, or upon the front or baok of each drawing. 3. Exoept for prize competitions, no MSS. below 500 words will be considered, and no MSS submitted for prize com- petitions will be, under any cironmstances returned. MSS. submitted for competition, and not sucoesfnl in gaining a prize, become the property of the proprietors of Anecdotes 4. An envelope addressed and sufficiently stamped, must be sent with each instalment of MSS. unless the same has been definitely ordered in writing by the Proprietors of Anecdotes or the editor of the publication to which it is submitted. 5. Every effort will be made to return MSS. and drawings complying with the above conditions, but in no case will the proprietors hold themselves responsible for any MSS. or drawings submitted until the article or story or drawing has actually appeared in one of the Anecdotes publications. Answers.—Anyone sending MS. must enclose stamped and addressed envelope for return, otherwise it will neither be read nor returned. The writer must also vouch for the originality of the contribution, and give his full name and address. Articles must be short. Address, "Answers," MSS. Department, Tudor-street, E.C. Athenaeum.—Will accept artioles of a literary character, if suitable. MSS. returned if stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed. Address, Bream's-buildings, Cursi- tor-street, W.C. Bazaar, Exchange and Mart.—Artioles accepted on almost any subject, if of a thoroughly practical kind, cot otherwise. Addressed and stamped envelopes must be enolosed for return of rejected communications. Address, 170, Strand. Belgravia.—All MS3. should be addressed, prepaid, to the Editor of Belgravia, Strand, W.C. Every MS. should bear the writer's name and address and be accompanied by postage stamps for its return if not accepted; but the Editor cannot hold himself responsible for any accidental loss. The Editor cannot undertake to return rejected poems. Black and White.—The Editor, whi!e open to consider MSS. and sketches, will not be responsible for their return. Contributions should be accompanied by stamped and addressed'envelope. Address, 33, Bouverie-Btreet, E.C. Cwell'l Family Magazine and CasseU's Saturday Journal.—Articles on almost any subject, if popular and interesting. Stamped and addressed envelope must be enolosed. Address, Cassell and Co., Belle Sauvage Yard, Ludgate-hill, E C. Chums.—Important !—The Editor of Chums will not be responsible for the return of rejected manuscripts. If a stamped and addressed envelope is sent with the contri- butions the Editor will alwajs endeavour to return them; bnt when stamps are not sent, manuscripts can in no- case be returned. *„* The Art Editor cannot undertake to return sketches sent on approval unless they are accompanied by an addressed envelope sufficiently stamped. Cornhill.—Any MSS. sent to the Editor are carefully con sidered, and when not accepted are returned, if stamped and addressed envelope be enolosed. Address, Messrs. Smith, Elder, and Co., 15, Waterloo-plaoe, S.W. Country Gentleman.—The Editor does not hold himself responsible for the return of any MS. sent so him. Pay- ment will only be made for those contributions which have been previously arranged for. Daily Chronicle.—The Editor cannot guarantee the return of MSS. or sketches submitted for consideration, and in no case will rejected matter be returned unless accompanied by a stamped and addressed envelope. Daily Graphic.—Will return rejected contributions pro- vided a sufficiently stamped and directed envelope is enclosed. Editor will not hold himself responsible for loss or damage. Address, Milford-lane, Strand, W.C. Daily News.—Worked by a staff which is generally full. No rejected communications returned. Address, Fleet- street, E.C. Bcho.—Worked by a staff which is generally full; still, suitable MSS. would no doubt be considered. Address, 22, Catherine-street, Strand, W.C. English Illustrated.—MSS. sent but not accepted must be accompanied by a wrapper, when they will if possible be returned. Address, 198, Strand, W.C. Evening News and Post.—-Worked by a staff generally full, but the Editor will return all MSS. if a fully stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed. Address 12, White- friars-street, E.C. Family Reader.—We cannot guarantee the return of rejected manuscripts. Figaro.—-The Editor will be pleased to consider articles, paragraphs, stories, and verses suitable for insertion. Accepted contributions will be paid for at our usual rates. The Editor will not accept any responsibility for MSS. sent in, but when a stamped and addressed wrapper is enclosed every care will be taken to return rejected con- tributions. Only writers who have a knowledge of English, and do not depend upon slang for effeot, will be likely to obtain advantage from this notice. Fortnightly Review.—MSS. not returned. Articles type-written are more likely to be read. Address, II, Henrietta-street, Covent Garden, W.C. Gentlewoman.—The Editor is generally too well supplied to accept more contributions, but no doubt suitable articles would be considered. A stamped envelope should be enclosed. Address, Arundel-street, Strand, W.C. Globe.—Communications may be returned if accompanied by stamped and addressed envelope; but the Editor will not be responsible for them. Address, 267, Strand, W.C. Graphic.—Stamped and addressed envelope must be enclosed. Address, 190, Strand, W.C. Guardian.—The Editor is not necessarily responsible for the opinions expressed in signed articles, or in articles marked "Communicated" or "From a Correspondent." The very frequent disregard of our rule about the return of MSS. compels us to restate it in a slightly different form:—No MS. oan be returned unless a stamped and addressed envelope is sent in the same oover as that which contains the MS. Stamps alone, or a stamped and  ## p. 317 (#767) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 317 addressed envelope Eent afterwards or in another cover, are not sufficient. Hospital.—AH MS., letters, books, for review, and other matters intended for the Editor should be addressed The Eaitor, The Lodge, Portchester-square, London, W. The Editor oannot undertake to return rejeoted MS., even when accompanied by a stamped directed envelope. Household Words.—The Editor cannot be responsible for loss or damage, though every care is taken of MSS. As there is a large number of contributions sent to this office, some time must elapse before notice is taken of them. Address, 12, St. Bride-street, E.C. Idler.—All stories and articles receive immediate consider- ation; but they must be short (type-written preferred). Address, Bedford-street, Strand, W.C. Illustrated Bits.—All letters intended for the Editor should be addressed "Editor, Illustrated Bits, 158, Fleet-street, London." No notice will be taken of anony- mous communications, and no letterB will be answered by post unless accompanied by a stamped directed envelope for that purpose. To Artists.—Drawings whioh refer to humorous sub- jects may be submitted if accompanied by stamps for return if not accepted. All sketches are paid for at time of acceptance. Address, "Art Editor," The Bitteries, 158, Fleet-street, London, E.C. Illustrated London News.—Stamped and addressed envelope must be enclosed. Address, 19S, Strand, London, W.C. Illustrated Sporting- and Dramatic News.—The Editor cannot be responsible for any contribution eent when not solicited by him. Address, 14S, Strand, London, W.C. Irish Field.—The Editor will be pleased to receive and consider, for purposes of publioat:on, any photographs or sketches of incidents connected with matters of sporting or general interest. Articles of a similar nature will also be considered and paid for upon their appearance in type. Contributions will be returned where stamps are enclosed, but while due care will be taken, the Editor declines to make himself responsible in any way for their Bafety or re-delivery. All such communications should be accompanied by the name and address of the sender— not necessarily for publication. Where speoial rates or conditions are expected these must be stated beforehand. The Editor begs to state that he deolines to hold himself in any way responsible for the safety or return of any- thing to anyone. Jewish World.—The Editor of The Jewish World will not in any case be responsible for the return of rejected . contributions. He will, however, alwayB be prepared to consider MSS. and sketches that have a distinctly Jewish interest, and where stamps are inclosed, and name and address of sender legibly written on the manuscript, every effort will be made to return rejected contributions promptly. MS3. must be clearly written on one side of the paper only. Lady.—Does not return any contribution. Address, 3j« Bedford-Btreet, Strand. Lady's Pictorial.—Appropriate articles might be received if well written and short; stamped envelope for return.— Address, 172, Strand, W.C. Lancet.—It is most important that communications relating to the Editorial business of the Lancet should be addressed exclusively "To the Editors," and not in any oaBe to any gentleman who may be supposed to be con- nected with the Editorial staff. It is urgently necessary that attention be given to this notice. It is especially reqneBted that early intelligence of local events having a medioal interest, or whioh it is desirable to bring under the notice of the profession may be sent direct to this offioe. Lectures, original articles, and reports should be written on one side only of the paper. Letters, whether intended for insertion or for private information, must be authenticated by the names and addresses of their writers, not necessarily for publication. Local papers containing reports or news paragraphs should be marked and addressed " To the Sub-Editor." We cannot undertake to return MSS. not used. Land and Water.—No rejectel MSS. returned. Address, 24, Bedford-street, Strand. Lifa.—C jmmuaicationa as to the literary contents of this paper should be addressed to the Editor; those referring to advertisements and other business matters to the- Manager. We cannot hold ourselves responsible for the Bafety of any unsolicited contribution, but if a stamped envelope is inolosed with any manuscript, we will do our best to ensure that, if not accepted, the mi nuscript shall be returned to the writer. London Reader.—We cannot undertake to return rejected manus .'ripts. London Society.—MSS. Bent to Editor should bear the name and addresB of the writer, and must be accompanied in all cases by a stamped directed envelope for their return if unsuitable. Copies should be kept of all- articles. Every care is taken of the papers forwarded by correspondents, but no responsibility is assumed in oase- of accident. The Editor cannot undertake to return rejected poems. All communications Bhould be addressed - to the Eaitor of London' 8ociety. Longman's Magazine.—The Editor prefers to have the eubject of an article submitted to him before MS. is sent. Stamped and addressed envelope should be enclosed with MS. in case of rejection, when it will be returned. The Editor cannot be responsible for loss. Address, Editor, Longman's Magazine, 39, Paternoster-row, E.C. Magazine of Short Stories.—The Editor is always willing to give consideration to short dramatio stories (not exceeding 2000 words in length) and to smart,, chatty, anecdotal articles dealing with matters or with' people of to-day (from 400 to 1400 words). Humorous- drawings that are submitted to him also reoeive oarefuV attention. Such stories, articles, and drawings must be original. Every effort will be made to return rejected contributions promptly, provided that stamped addressed envelopes or wrappers are enclosed; bnt the Editor does not hold himself responsible for any MSS. or drawings with which he may be favoured, nor will he undertake to. return them unless this condition has been observed. Moonshine.—The humble petition of the Editor of Moon- shine showeth that whereas your Petitioner is in the habit of receiving large number of manuscripts, yclept (i' the vulgar) MSS., as hereinafter set forth. That your petitioner is unable tj use ali MSS. that are so sent him. That your Petitioner, for lack of time and opportunity, and the stress of occasional'y retiring, as who should say, to rest, cannot enter into correspondence with authors of rejected MSS., even though, by neglecting to send covers, suitably directed and stamped they may not have had their efforts returned, and may thereby be moved to. indignation. That your Petitioner will endeavour to return manuscripts when thns accompanied, but your Petitioner prayeth that (as well for their own security as for the forwarding of certain moneys in case of acceptance) his friends w.ll kindly write on the MSS.  ## p. 318 (#768) ############################################ 3i8 THE AUTHOR. ipsissima their reverend, respected, and worshipful names and fall addresses; and will recollect that the office of Moonshine is at No. 2, Bouverie-street, over against Fleet-street, in the City of London. Morning.—Cannot be responsible for the return of rejected MSS., bnt stamped and addressed envelope ought to be enclosed in any case. Address' 19, St. Bride-street, E.C. Morning Advertiser.—Does not return rejected MSS. This, like all the daily papers, has a permanent staff. Address, 127, Fleet-street, E.C. Morning Leader.—Any communication must be accom- panied by name and address of the sender, and stamped and addressed envelope inclosed for return. Address, Stoneoutter-Btreet, E.C. Morning Post.—Cannot return rejected MSS. Address 346, Strand, W.C. National Review.—Correspondent's name and address must be written on MS , and stamps inclosed in case of rejection for return of contribution. Address, 37, Bed ford-street, Strand, W.C. Nature.—The Editor does not hold himself responsible for opinions expressed by his correspondents. Neither can he undertake to return, or to correspond with the writers of, rejected manuscripts intended for this or any other part of Nature. No notioe is taken of anonymous com- munications. Nineteenth Century.—Rejected contributions not re- turned. Address, Messrs. Sampson, Low, and Co., Fetter- lane, London, E.C. Novel Review.—All books and magazines intended for review must reach the office not later than the 15th hist, addressed to The Editor. MS. will be returned if stamps are sent. The Editor will not undertake to be responsible for MS. in case of loss. All communications should be addressed to the Editorial and Advertising Offices—18, Tavistock-street, Covent Garden, London. Our Home. -Contributors are informed that while every care will be taken of their MSS., and unsuitable matter will be returned if accompanied by stamped addressed envelope, the Editor does not hold himself responsible for the loss or delay of unsolicited contributions, and advises contributors to keep a copy of the MSS. These should have address on back, and the number of words should be stated. Pall Mall Gazette.—Sketches and all communications are considered, and when stamps and address are enclosed, the Editor will endeavour to return rejected MSS. Address, 18, Charing-oross, W.C. Fall Mall Magazine. — Articles on any interesting subject aocepted if really good; stamped and addressed envelope shonld be enclosed. Address, 18, Charing-cross- road, W.C. Pearson's Magazine.—Accepts interesting articles on general subjeots, and short stories, which will be returned on receipt of stamped and addressed envelope. Address, Henrietta-street, W.C. Pearson's Weekly.—Articles on any interesting, curious, or popnlar subject have a good chance of acceptance if well written. Address, Henrietta-street, Covent-garden, W,C. Piccadilly.—The Editor cannot be responsible for the safety or return of manuscripts forwarded for approval. Subscribers are particularly requested to forward all communications concerning changes of addreBS or addi- tional oojies to the publisher. All communications for the Editorial Department of Piccadilly should be addressed to the Editor, 24B, Craven-street, Strand (end of Northumberland-avenue, opposite the Hotel Me'tropole). Pick-Me-TJp. — The Editor of Pici-Me-Up is willing to consider MSS. and drawings forwarded to him. While he cannot accept any responsibility in regard to their eafe keeping, he will make every effort to return rejected communications if stamps are inclosed. Short stories should not exceed 1500 words, and drawings should be humorous. The Editor will be pleased to Bee artists personally on Monday and Friday mornings, at the New Editorial Office, 28, Maiden-lane, Strand. Punch does not on any consideration whatever return rejected matter, even though stamps are enolosed. Address, Fleet-street, E.C. Road.—Owing to the increasingly large number of MSS. and drawings sent in to the Road, the Editor wishes it to be clearly understood that he will not undertake to use or return any MSS. or sketches sent in to him without his written instructions. All books, photographs, and samples of goods for review must be addressed to the Editor, and to no one by name; and no individual is authorised to promise " Notices " under any pretext what- ever. The Road is on sale everywhere, and can be obtained at all Smith's bookstalls throughout the United Kingdom. In the United States of America the Road is on at all the principal news-stands, and it is also ob- tainable on the Continent, and in India, South Africa, and the Australian Colonics. The advertisement tariff will be forwarded on application to the manager. The publish- ing, advertisement, and subscription offices will be re- moved to 41 and 42, King-street, Covent Garden, W.C, after the beginning of the New Year. Rod and Gun.—The Editor of Bod and Gun does not, in any case, hold himself responsible for the return of rejected contributions. He is, however, always glad to consider MSS. and sketches; and, where stamps are enclosed, and the name and address are written on the manuscript, every effort will be made to return rejected contributions. The Editor desires to state that he cannot enter into correspondence regarding MS. To Ouk Colonial Readers.—The Editor is at all times glad to consider any accounts of colonial sport sub- mitted to him. St. James's Gazette.—The Editor cannot undertake to hold himself responsible for the return of rejected con- tributions. Saturday Review.—No contributions returned in any case. Suitable artioles might be accepted. Address, 38, Southampton-street, Strand. Scraps.—Short paragraphs on out-of-way subjects mostly desired. MS. returned if stamped and addressed en- velope enclosed. Address, Red Lion-court, Fleet-street, E.C. Sketch.—Any Bhort stories, not exceeding 2500 words in length, will be considered. Rejected MS. returned if stamped and addressed envelope or wrapper inclosed. Address, Manuscript Department, 198, Strand, W.C. Society.—The Editor is compelled to announce that he will not be responsible for any MSS. sent to him, nor will he guarantee their return, even if stamps are enclosed for the purpose. Authors should therefore keep copies of their contributions if they value them highly. Speaker.—MSS. not returned, when cent unrequested. Address, 115, Fleet-street, E.C.  ## p. 319 (#769) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 319 Spectator.—No MSS. returned in any case. Address, 1, Wellington-street, Strand, W.C. Spinning Wheel.—The Editor will be glad to consider any MS. likely to be of interest to the readers of this paper, either short stories of 2000 words in length or short articles. The Editor wishes to remind contributors that, if MSS. are to be returned in case of rejection, stamps must accompany them. Stories.—The Editor of Stories will be pleased to consider, with a view to publication, short original stories or articles. Under no oiroumstances, however, can he hold himBelf responsible for MSS. submitted for his considera- tion, but where stamps are inclosed every effort will be made to ensnre the prompt return of rejected contribu- tions. Accepted matter, whether Btories or articles, if original, will be paid for at the rate of One Guinea per 1000 wordB, unless otherwise arranged for. Payments for contributions are made on the date of publication of each issue. Every MS. must bear the name and address of the writer, which should be legibly written on the first page. Contributors should see that their MSS. are properly fastened, otherwise the leaves are liable to get mislaid. It must be distinctly understood that the setting up in type of any story or article does not necessarily imply acceptance, and payment will in no case be made, except on publication. Copied matter is not required, and anyone sending it in as original will be liable to proseontion. All matter paid for becomes the absolute property of Stories, Limited. Strand.—Stories of strange experiences, &c, might be sent to this paper, and articles on general subjects. Returned if not accepted, if stamped and addressed envelope en- closed. Address, Southampton-street, Strand, W.C. Sun.—Our Guinea Story.—The stories printed in these columns are contributed by readers of the Sun. Anyone may send an original story not exceeding 1200 words, and for eaoh one we use we shall pay the author £1 is. Un- suitable MSS. are returned if stamped and addressed envelopes accompany them, but we oannot enter into any correspondence regarding contributions sent us. Sunday Chronicle. — Should any difficulty be expe- rienced in obtaining the Sunday Chronicle, oomplaints should be made to the Chief Office, Mark-lane, Man- chester. On all business matters communications Bhould be addressed to the firm, and not to any indi- vidual member thereof. No notice will be taken of anonymous letters. Every communication should be authenticated with the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. Articles, stories, sketches, verses, and other contributions should be addressed to the Editor, who, however, does not hold himself responsible for the return of rejected manuscripts. Where stamps are inclosed, and the name and address written on the manusoript, every effort will be made to promptly return unaccepted articles.—E. Hulton and Co. Times.—Does not return rejected communications. Address, Printing House-square, E.C. Tit-Bits.—The Editor of Tit-Bits cannot hold himself responsible for the return of any manuscript which may bo submitted to him. He will, however, always be glad to consider any contributions which are sent; and, when stamped addressed envelopes are enclosed when the manu- scripts are submitted, every effort will be made to return rejected contributions. Contributors are specially re- quested to put thoir names and addresses on their manu- scripts. United Service Gazette.—We would draw the attention of our correspondents to the importance of writing legibly, and on one side of the paper only. MSS. cannot be returned unless aocompanied by stamps. University Extension Journal.—The Editor cannot undertake to return rejected communications unlesB stamps are inclosed for that purpose. Vegetarian.—The Editor of the Vegetarian cannot hold himself responsible in any case for the return of MSS. or eketcheB. He will, however, always be glad to oonsider any contributions which may be submitted to him; and, when postage stamps are enclosed, every effort will bo made to return rejected contributions promptly. Con- tributors are requested to put their names and addresses on their manuscripts. Address, 33, Paternoster-row, London, E.C. Westminster Gazette.—The Editor of the Westminster Gazette cannot hold himBelf responsible in any case for the return of MS. or sketohes. He will, however, always be glad to consider any contributions, literary or pictorial, which may be submitted to him, and, when postage- stamps are enclosed, every effort will be made to return rejected contributions promptly. Contributors are specially requested to put their names and addresses on their manuscripts. Address, Tudor-street, Wbitefriars, E.C. Wheeling.—Any articles sent in on subjects suitable for the columns of Wheeling will be considered on their merits, but we wish it to be distinctly understood that contributions will not be paid for unless remuneration has been stipulated for and arranged in advance. Rejected MS. will be returned when stamped addressed envelope is forwarded. Wheels.—The Editor will be pleased to consider snch literary contributions and sketches as may be sent him, and to pay for such as are accepted. All MSS. should be typewritten. While not holding himself responsible for the safety of anything submitted, every effort will be made to promptly return rejected matter, provided that sufficient stamps be enclosed to cover the postage. Woman's Signal. — All communications intended for insertion must be written on one side only of the paper, and the writer's name and address must be given, not necessarily for publication. The Editor cannot answer correspondents privately, except on the business of the paper strictly. H a stamped and addressed wrapper be attached to a manuscript offered for publication, it will be returned if declined; but the Editor oannot be respon- sible for the accidental loss of manuscripts, and any not accompanied by a wrapper for return will be destroyed if unaccepted. Space being limited, and many manusoripts offered, the Editor begs respectfully to intimate that an article being declined does not necessarily imply that it i* not considered an excellent composition. MR. ASQUITH ON CRITICISM. THE Eight Hon. H. H. Asquith delivered the annual address to the students of the London Society for the Extension of Uni- versity Teaching on the 23rd ult., in the Mansion House, Lord Mayor Davies presiding. Prefacing his lecture by remarking that the number of students assembled there was a refutation of the  ## p. 320 (#770) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. fears of those who doubted whether it were pos- sible to transplant into London soil the methods of our ancient Universities, Mr. Asquith asked them, upon the threshold, to disabuse their minds of one or two misleading or narrow asso- ciations which had grown around the term " criti- cism" in popular thought and speech. It was, of course, true that there had been eminent men in whom their own want of success in the sphere of action or production had at once stimulated and soured the critical faculty. But it was not in that dwarfed and distorted sense they used the word. Denigration, whether it sprang from baffled rivalry, from a morose and cynical temper, or from honest shortsightedness—often amused, was some- times useful, might now and then, in the hands of a writer like Junius, exhibit some of the highest qualities of literary art; but it was not criticism, No antithesis was commoner than that between criticism and construction. A great artist might be incapable of criticism, and a good critic might be incapable of creation. But neither in the individual nor in the generations of men did the one set of gifts exclude the other. Criticism, in the true sense, had a positive, as well as a negative function. By discriminating between that which is true and false, between good and bad art, between reality and imposture, by deter- mining between the ephemeral idols of fashion and recalling the wandering thought to the worship of true beauty and greatness, it became a vitalising and energising principle. It per- formed the double duty of solvent and stimulant. There was no emptier fallacy than to suppose that criticism was merely a form of intellectual gymnastics, or the business of second-rate minds. "The business of criticism," as Matthew Arnold says, "is to know the best that is known and thought in the world, by, in its turn, making this known to create a current of fresh ideas." Like every other form of intellectual activity, it might be specialised withiu the confines of a definite subject matter. So it was, for instance, in the textual criticism of literature, and in the aesthetic criticism of the arts. Both had at various times fascinated and absorbed the best intellects of the race. The Stephenses, the Scaligers, the Casaubons were but the most conspicuous figures in a huge army of confessors and martyrs to a new literary faith, the rank and file of which had been depicted with incomparable fidelity and pathos in Browning's "Grammarian's Funeral." The science of textual criticism was constantly annexing new territories, and developing wider and more penetrating methods; and in its appli- cation to sacred literature, and to the slowly deciphered records of the great religions and civilisations of the East, it had achieved in our own time some of its most memorable results. The blunders of great critics woiild be a fascinating subject in the hands of Mr. Leslie Stephen or Mr. Birrell. Not only Johnson, but Richardson and Goldsmith failed to see anything in *' Tristram Shandy "; and Scott, after his "Lady of the Lake" had been pubbshed, said that Joanna Baillie was the great poet of the century. Other examples were frequent. Mr. Asquith concluded by advising the students to study great models like Shakespeare, on whose anniversary they had met, and then to "work at the smithy " them- selves, and not to form judgments by the modern and vulgar rule of payment by results, -»«3 PERSONAL. ABOUT ,£40 has so far been raised for the purpose of erecting a memorial in Wooton Waven Church to William Somerville, the author of "The Chace." Among the subscribers are Lord Rosebery, Lord Tarborough, Lord Leigh, and Sir Walter Gilbey. The committee in charge of the proposed memorial in Liverpool to Mrs. Hemans have decided to keep the subscription list open until June 30, and they invite half-crown and shilling subscriptions from admirers of the poet who may be unable to give more. The honorary treasurer of the fund is Mr. Theodore Brown, 26, Exchange- street East, Liverpool. Nearly £100 has been, subscribed. Mr. Oswald Crawfurd is to be literary editor, and Mr. Edwin Obver general editor, of a weekly review on the lines of the late National Observer, which is about to be issued, price one penny, and entitled the London Review. Replying to the toast of "The Visitors" at the 17th annual dinner of the Press Club, presided over by Mr. John Corlett, on the 2nd ult., Mr. Anthony Hope referred to the law of libel. It seemed to him that there was much necessity for amendment of the law directed towards the prevention of frivolous and black- mailing actions against newspapers, but at the same time it was of great importance that they should take pains to show that they did not wish for any weakening of the law of libel, for only where there was a firm administration of that law was importance attached to what the Press might say. With regard to the department called Criticism, speaking for those very hand- maids of Uterature, writers of stories to amuse idle hours, he could say that many depended upon the Press, because it was in their power, in the beginning at all events, to give to the young  ## p. 321 (#771) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 321 writer a start or to prevent him having a "fair show." He was not going to say that the reviews were always absolutely right, but real pains was given to the work, and he met constantly young writers who had found in the reviews an incen- tive and a new power to them to pursue the career in which they had set out. In connection witli the National Burns Memo- rial and Cottage Home, Mauchline, Ayrshire, a Scottish gentleman resident in England has offered to give <£ioo to help to complete the endowment, provided a few more can be got to do likewise before the Home is opened on May 7. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. Quem Dkus Vult Pkbderb, Pbius Dementat. IEXTRACT the following from the letter of a learned friend. According to some this saying is a free paraphrase of a passage in Sophocles' Antigone, 632-5, which runs: Thanks to somebody'a wisdom, a famous mot has been published, viz.: "That bad appears good to him whose wits God rains." Joshua Barnes, Professor of Greek at Cam- bridge, published in 1694 an edition of Euripides, including the Fragments, among which he gives one with this literal Latin version: At quando Numen miserias paret viro Mens laeaa primnm. In his first index, Barne3 refers to the frag- ment under the heading, "Deus quos vult perdere, dementat prius," its first appearance in England. Boissonade, a Frenchman, altered this, so as to make an iambic, into Quos vult Jupiter perdere dementat prius. From the fact of its usually appearing in the latter form, it probably came to be regarded as an old Latin iambic, which it is not. For one thing, it would not contain the word "dementat," which is d'une tret petite latinite', and occurs only in Lactantius, tenth century. The above seems to be the most likely origin. Malone, in a note on BoswelPs Johnson, anent "Quem Deus," says : "Perhaps no scrap of Latin whatever has been more often quoted than this. The word ' demento' is of no authority. After a long search, some gentlemen of Cambridge found it among the fragments of Euripides, where it is given as the translation of a Greek iambic: "ov 0£os 61\a. ajroAccmi irpioTa uiro<f>pcvai." ■ But (1) this is not an iambic; (2) there is no word diro<f>pcvai in Greek, or anything like it; (3; nobody has, from that day to this, been able to discover this particular fragment, which " the gentlemen of Cambridge" grubbed up. Faute de mieuu; the Barnes explanation seems to be the best. S. G. H I may be allowed from mere memory to answer your correspondent "Querist," the line "Quem Deus vult perdere, prius dementat" was the subject of a rather prolonged correspondence in the early times of Xotes and Queries, perhaps in the fifties; and the line was discovered in a Latin translation from some Greek tragedian, indeed, I think it was in Barnes's Euripides. J. Earle. Oxford, April 6. CORRESPONDENCE. I.—The Roxbttkghe Peess, Limited. IN December last, as the outcome of correspon- dence with the above-named firm of pub- lishers, formerly of 15, Victoria-street, West- minster, I forwarded to this address two MSS., one of which was returned me in January, whilst the second was, as stated in a letter from the manager, retained " for further consideration." Not hearing anything concerning the fate of the second MS., I made it my business when I was in town to call at the ofiices and see the manager, who went under the name of Mr. Charles F. Rideal. I did not see the manager, but I interviewed a man in possession of the furniture, and I think I may say that I saw about the last of the furniture before it came under the hammer. The man in possession could give me no idea as to the where- abouts of the manager, or as to the possessor of my MS. As there are doubtless numerous pro- vincial authors in a bke situation to myself, you would be doing a number of persons a service if you could give us some idea as to how to proceed with a view of recovering what, if not seen again, would represent heavy losses to many struggling authors. Provincial. April 16. __=_=^__ II.—No Copyright in Titles. I recently had occasion to offer a mild remons- trance against the employment of a title which clashed with one already chosen by myself for a short tale. A record of my efforts and ill-success to establish a claim to what I fondly imagined to be my own property may not be without interest to writers. The moment the usurping name was advertised  ## p. 322 (#772) ############################################ 322 THE AUTHOR. I wrote to the publishers calling their attention to the fact. Their reply was that, as the work had been sent out for review, they were sorry to say nothing could be done. They added that as my story was not issued in book-form, and was some years old, I was not likely to be " injuriously affected" by the coincidence. This was, no doubt, perfectly true. But it did not appear to me to weaken my case, and I was bold enough to repeat the belief that I might, if so minded, enforce a withdrawal of the name. Sub- sequently I was told how it was " impossible " to prevent the use on a book of a title which had been previously appropriated for a short tale. The firm also remarked that it "would be glad to think otherwise," but there really appeared to be "no copyright in titles." Alas, this seems to be so, and I must perforce bow my head in uncon- vinced submission. It is hard lines, all the same. I cannot but think some scheme might be devised whereby the most difficult and important choice of a title should be secured to its creator, say by registra- tion or affidavit upon full, or even part, comple- tion of MSS. Perhaps some fellow-sufferer of the goosequill can indicate a plan which would spare novelists much repining? Cecil Clarke. Authors' Club, S.W., April 16. [The plan is quite simple. It is to place the matter, if any injury has been sustained, in the hands of a solicitor-—or the Secretary of the Society.—Ed.] III.—A Warning to Writers. May I draw your attention to the following facts as a warning to English writers? Last year a letter, typed on paper with the words "New York Herald, New York," printed on it, and purporting to come from one "Wallace Wood," on behalf of the Herald, was received by a friend of mine. It asked him to do a piece of literary work for the "Herald's Symposium on the World's Best Poetry." He did this piece of work, and sent it to "Wallace Wood, the New York Herald, New York." No reply was received, and, of course, no remittance. He then made inquiries at the Herald office through a respectable American solicitor, who writes him: "I saw the editor, who told me that the Herald had never had such work in mind, and that Mr. Wallace Wood must be one of the many swindlers who have used their (the New York Herald's) name in this manner." In justice to the New York Herald, and as a warning against " Mr. W. Wood" and others of his kidney, I beg you to print this letter in The Author. P. York Powell. Oriel College, Oxford, April 4, 1898. The New York Herald, New York, May 1. Dear Sib,—Would you kindly join the Herald Sym- posium on "The World's Beat Poetry" or the "Hundred Finest Poems" by mentioning the names of from six to twelve short poems in the Spanish language which you would consider as of the highest excellence, worthy to be regarded as classic and standard, or of best value to humanity, together with such criticism or suggestion (one to two hundred words) as may occur to you. Copies of this letter are sent to scholars of universities throughout the world. Very sincerely yours, Wallace Wood. IV.—' The Literary Year-Book, 1898." I regret to agree with you as to this work. It is a pity; for a really good book of the kind is much needed and would certainly pay. The Directory of Authors, oddly enough, reminds us of John Wesley's heaven: we find many welcomed therein whom we should have expected to see excluded; while several authors of repute are conspicuous by reason of their absence. But, whatever may be the errors of the editor, Mr. Joseph Jacobs, excess of politeness is not one of them. My name and address were given in the "Year-Book" for 1897, but are unaccountably omitted in that for the present year. I wrote a courteous note inquiring the reason, but have not beeu favoured with a reply. Now, I am a bond fide author, have published a book, and contri- bute to some dozen magazines, &c. I cannot, therefore, see why my name should be removed from the Directory by Mr. Joseph Jacobs. Scriptor Quidam. V.—Editors and Contributors. 1. I notice in your latest issue that you give an excerpt from and comments upon an article in last month's National Revieto on this vexed question. This article I have not read in its entirety, though I have read about it and extracts from it, because the National is not taken in the public library here, and it is too expensive, alas, for me to buy. I do not know, therefore, whether the writer has touched on two phases of the question which to me seem very important, and the latter of which I do not remember to have ever seen dealt with. (1) The inordinate time MSS. are often kept (a) before being returned rejected, (6) before, if accepted, being inserted, no notice too generally being given in latter case. In regard to "a," the great grievance here is  ## p. 323 (#773) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 323 when the article is in any way topical or dep in- dent for its interest on a subject of passing moment. But even if otherwise, if not wanted it should be returned as quickly as possible, and in as cleanly and respectable a condition as sent; unfortunately only too necessary a provision this latter. In the case of "b," I have known an editor accept an article, hoard it up for months, and then insert it in a more or less truncated state, without consulting the author in the matter at all. Often this latter gentleman is impaled upon the horns of a dilemma. He may badly want his article inserted without delay, but if he writes to an editor who has had it in his pos- session some time, with a request to that effect, the possibility is that he will have his work re- turned upon his hands, and perchance be unable to sell it elsewhere. It is dangerous for a struggling outsider in journalism to exchange any certainty for an uncertainty. The only thing is to write to the editor a polite note, taking it for granted that he has accepted the piece, and asking when he will insert it. This letter though may be ignored, or simply have the effect of a request for a return of the MS. Editors could put good MSS. from outsiders in much quicker if they liked. The fact is they keep such in reserve while they try on that patient dog, the British public, a lot of rotten, stodgy, inept stuff, not worth the paper it is printed on, much of it "lifted." That I have had some personal experience of this matter you may gauge from the following: I submitted to a certain editor, the editor of a weekly paper, with stamped addressed envelopes, in 1896, a story and article, which have never been returned me and never used. I have been frequently in communication with this editor since (a very decent fellow as his tribe goes), and he has used a certain quantity of my work, more or less, as I would have desired it; but though I have constantly referred to this tale and article, I have never learnt anything about their fate, and here we are approaching the middle of 1898. Am I too impatient? I may say other pieces have been kept from ten months downward in the same quarter. And I badly want the money for them—there is, of course, no payment until insertion; yet I dare not ask for them back, in case I should not be able to dispose of them else- where. The most I can do is to hint that I think it time some at least of them were used. Now, as to grievance (2), namely, the habit which most editors have of not sending proofs of articles where at any rate such articles are short, their idea being that they can fully supply any deficiencies in such pieces. But my experience is that they cannot — that they leave in errors that the writers themselves would certainly correct in proof, that they never attempt to bridge over hiatuses or prune real redundancies or super- fluities. Perhaps this is because most editors are careless as to the symmetry and technique of an article, which is to every decent writer all important, especially if his name is brought into connection with it. Would you believe it, that an editor once allowed me to make a most common quotation from Moliere and mis-ascribe it, while he passed my reference to a dean as " the rev." without any " very "? These poor fellows! Of course they do not know, but why do not they send us proofs and allow us to protect our work, particularly as I have found they regard an author who sends in suggestions, subsequent to submitting his article, for emendations and amplifications of it, as a nuisance. And worse, do not act on such. Expeeto Ceede. II. May I, through the medium of your columns, call the attention of divers editors to a grievance that I and other occasional contributors to their pages have to suffer through the lack of a little thoughtfulness on their part. I refer to the un- necessary mutilation of inoffensive MSS. When, to have MSS. typed costs about is. a thousand words, or, say, 5 per cent, of the author's receipts, it is, I consider, somewhat wanton of the powers that be to tear off the front and end pages, write in pencil the approximate length as measured by their own columns on the body of the MS., and then, after a few weeks have elapsed, return the remnants—sans clip, saw cover, sans an apology. Then, with regard to the editors and proprietors of journals published in the United States, I would ask if it would not be possible to induce them to copyright their productions in England, or otherwise protect them from the scissors of a certain class of their English brethren. The great popularity of the article made in the States, though conducive to large dividends for English shareholders, is a distinct hardship on the struggling native author, whose pen remains idle while that of the editor of the 20 per cent, paying journal fiercely splutters as he feverishly alters countless "Chicagos," innumerable "Illinois," and multitudinous "Maines" into his beloved "Cottonopolis," "One of the Midland Counties," or " A well-known seaside resort." An Unofficial Receiver—of Editorial Regrets. hi. "Don't take to literature if you've capital enough to buy a good broom, and energy enough to annex a vacant crossing," is the advice of Mr. Grant Allen. Pessimistic as it may appear, its truth will not  ## p. 324 (#774) ############################################ 324 THE AUTHOR. •be contested by those who, devoid alike of pecu- niary and social influence, have striven to make headway in the profession for which their natural qualifications fit them. It cannot be denied that the position of an unknown literary producer with regard to the man who employs or rejects his services is humiliating in the extreme. The dealer to whom he takes his wares may detain them unconscionably, use them at his own price, nay, even destroy them, without compunc- tion. Until the productions of writers, of what con- dition whatsoever, are recognised both by law and public opinion as property that cannot be stolen, under-valued, or contemptuously handled without .incurring punishment; until the entire literary community, and not merely the acknowledged leaders of it, are accepted as a body of labourers worthy of their hire, the advice of Mr. Grant Allen will continue to be sound. The heads of the literary profession are in positions to enforce fair play; there are, also, publishers and editors who value their own credit too highly to take advantage of a writer's obscurity or ignorance. But as one of the rank and file, I am almost daily brought face to face with abuses that do not perhaps affect the leaders. There can never be anything businesslike and satisfactory in literary pursuits until the following obstacles are finally surmounted: 1. Delays in considering MSS.—I have had a manuscript under consideration nine months; and frequently pass three, in speculating as to the probabilities of ever beholding it again. 2. Delays in payment.—Here, again, the bewildered novice has just cause for outcry, seeing that while one editor pays on publication, another will postpone settlement until the poor author has given up hopes of ever receiving his due. 3. Unequal remuneration.—Why should one editor offer a guinea a column where another stops at five shillings for the same article? With regard to obstacle 1, every editor should be compelled to return rejected MSS. within the month, or pay for it at recognised rates. Other- wise how is the author to know with any degree of certainty when he is at liberty to offer the work elsewhere; and how is he to calculate his income when he has no means of judging what his MSS. are worth? The editor who keeps a MS. nine months before publishing it, and only pays after publication, as compared with the editor who ju-cepts the MS. and pays for it within the month though not publishing it for nine months, robs the author of eight months' interest. 2. With regard to obstacle 2, then, there should be a fixed regulation dealing with the question of settling up. Payment on publication means nothing; since publication may not be till six seven, eight, nine, or even more months after acceptation. The only system of treating the author fairly in this case seems to me that, should his MS. be kept long enough to imply acceptation, it should be paid for within a stipu- lated time dating from its receipt. 3. As regards unequal remuneration. There is this to be said. If a journtl cannot afford to remunerate its contributors at a legitimate rate, it is on a level with the bogus theatrical company and the absconding manager, and should be smashed up. Shopkeepers, manufacturers, men of business, in a large way or a small, making money or losing it, must pay their staff ordinary salaries. Their own profit his nothing to do with the case. Innumerable journalistic specu- lators, like the bogus theatrical manager, com- mence operations without capital. Should their venture succeed, it is probable they will pay contributors. Should it fail, as it invariably does, contributors are the last to be considered. Other ventures linger out a miserable existence, stealing " copy" where they can, paying ridicu- lous trifles when obliged to cash out something. Trade conducted on such principles is fraudulent; and there are scores of periodicals that, so far as minor authors a<e concerned, simply live by fraud. By compelling editors to return or pay for MSS. within a certain fixed time these swindlers would be circumvented. Should it be argued that the literary staff of a journal is not large enough to cope with the amount of unsolicited contributions forwarded within the time specified, I answer simply such literary staff requires enlarging. Bankers, mer- chants, shopkeepers, tradesmen, and professional men generally, are forced to maintain a staff in accordance with their requirements. It is only newsj>aper and magazine proprietors who are allowed to "sweat" their literary employes without remonstrance. An editor whose time is insufficient to permit of his conscientiously read- ing his MSS. and dealing with them promptly, is no credit to the firm for whom he works. At the present moment, and in spite of the efforts of the Society of Authors—which will, I hope, be the instrument of effecting great and permanent benefit to the profession of letters—a class of labourers perhaps the most enlightened, industrious, and patient, in existence, suffers indignities, wrongs, and scandalous treatment such as the most ignorant, idle, and unruly member of a trades union would resent quickly and fiercely.  ## p. 325 (#775) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 325 I write as an author; but I am not incapable of entering into the views of the editor. I have occupied the editorial cbair; but not, I sincerely trust, with the supercilious self-sufficiency and blind disregard both of businesslike and courteous treatment so many editors display in their deal- ings with contributors. Contributors, even un- solicited contributors, are not beggars. Is it not high time editors, simple and wise, just and unjust, honest and dishonest, were forced to acknowledge this little fact? Hebbebt W. Smith. VI.—The Publishee's Assistant. A few days ago I received a (written) letter from the offices of a well-known publisher herald- ing the return of a manuscript, and I am loth to allow that letter to perish altogether unnoticed. It was brief, but it contained sufficient cause of offence. In it I was addressed as "Dear," plain and simple, without the distinction of a name, while that of my book was incorrectly given, and the whole not considered worthy of signa- ture. Now, I am not an absolute beginner, and, although I had had no previous dealings with the firm in question, I corresponded with them on the subject of my story before giving them the first refusal. They retained it from January until March, and it occurs to me that if ten weeks were required for its perusal, ten minutes might have been allowed for the writing of a civil letter; the one which I received would have been returned without comment but for the probability of its falling into the hands of the writer. I have no doubt the publisher's assistant is responsible for such cases, for the heads of the great firms are invariably courteous in personal dealings (or such, at least, has been my experi- ence). But there seems no sufficient reason that the disheartening experiences of young writers should be aggravated by insolence of the typo referred to, and I wish that the numerous pub- lishers who evidently read The Author would give the matter their consideration. E. K. S. LITEEATUEE IN THE PEEIODICALS. Unmabketableness of Vebse.—An Author's Confession.—The Eelioious Novel.—The Teaching of English. "T1THY is verse not read?" is the ques- Y V tion propounded by the Daily News (April 18), and left unanswered. The journal is reviewing a volume of poems, and contrasts the popularity of fiction with the un- marketableness of verse. Mr, Henley is the author in question, and he has stated, in explana- tion of this volume being all that he has to show in the matter of verse for the years between 1873 and 1897, that, "after spending the better part of my life in the pursuit of poetry, I found myself (about 1877) so utterly unmarketable that I had to own myself beaten in art, and to addict myself to journalism for the next ten years." His case, says the Daily News, stands for many more, and "if work of this quality had appeared in prose it could never have gone begging." True, Mr. Henley's publisher rejoins tbat sales have been not so very bad, and two correspondents suggest that the subjects treated are fitted rather for prose treatment. But to our contemporary it appears an inevitable conclusion that editors know that readers no longer care for poetry. It suggests that we may be going through some process of decisive change in literary forms. At any rate, "there is more verse than ever nowa- days," and "there is less acceptance for it than ever." A disappointed author (though not a poet) makes a statement of his experiences in the April pages of the New Century Review, by way of bidding farewell to literature. "Julian Croskey," the pseudonym under which this gentleman has appeared in authorship, adopted the literary profession deliberately as a means to an end. He had been in the Chinese Customs service, and attempted to raise a rebellion, for which he was sent to prison on being handed over to the British Government. He next conceived the idea of raising a party of gentlemen to adven- ture into China and exploit the country. To secure the gentlemen confederates he must get into society. To get into society he determined upon authorship. In three months he wrote twenty-six magazine articles and two books; starvation, fever, and isolation then brought him to the London Hospital. Coming out of hospital, he next borrowed .£50, took a small room near Hampstead Heath, living on tinned meat and opium, and, although " full of creativeness," wasted a year "in what I thought the more important duty, the composition of my bible and military scheme of conquest." This over, he began to send out his slum work, placed three or four articles, two tales, and a book. His agree- ment with the publisher specified two or three other books which he was to supply, " so that if I had taken to literature then I should at once have been launched. I, however, neglected my part of the agreement, and. let my opportunity slide." In the following year he sent out his military book. Publishers admired it, and said it would not pay;  ## p. 326 (#776) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. one firm offered to accept it if the author would bear part of the cost. "I consequently withdrew it," says the author, "feeling that it would be time enough to publish it when I had made my entree into society by fiction. This was on a par with the rest of my folly, for the book is now useless, as my heart is no longer in its tenets." Another book—of "recollections "—was to be accepted if he would tone down its style. He did not tone down the style, and therefore let that opportunity also go by, but he acknowledges now (being older) that the style was abominable. He was prepared to make good use of his third year, when a catastrophe happened. He accepted a clerkship, at the instigation of his people, who insisted on his earning a "reasonable living," and took pains to secure him a berth. From Hampstead Heath he migrated to Blooms- bury, and after office hours he worked at a piratical novel. He sent the first part to a publisher, who said it was too realistic for a "boy's book." "Boy's book" being too much for the author, he never sent the publisher the remainder, "and when the book was finished I had lost confidence, and was afraid it was far too audacious." Its fate afterwards was, being cut up into magazine stories, while books on the same lines had been appearing in the meantime and meeting with success. He gave up his clerk- ship, determined to face poverty and work again; and "from the spring of '95 onward," he says, "I have drifted from my ambitions and knocked myself to pieces." Still, he placed another book, and articles, earning ,£70 during 1896. Among his misfortunes was writing the first of a series of detective stories for a new magazine, and the magazine never appeared; sending illustrations to a magazine and getting his article back with- out them. He changed his pseudonym; he changed his address; he did not read magazines, and therefore is still ignorant whether some of his articles have appeared or not. He placed two tales with a certain magazine, "neglecting again a lucrative opening for a series. My opportuni- ties were excellent for a professional scribbler, but I would not make it my profession." Here is the catalogue of some results:—"I believe I have five tales accepted somewhere which are yet to appear, but I have burnt my records and cannot recall them. I have asked one editor if he would pay me in advance, but have had no reply. I have absolutely wasted six years. I have wasted, indeed, the first thirty years of my life." And the moral of it? This: "if you would succeed as an author, be one and nothing else. If you can beg, borrow, or steal as much as .£50 a year, cut yourself off from everything and write." A member of the Anglican clergy, the Rev. Anthony Deane, attacks "the whole genus 'Religious Novel' " in the April number of the National Review. Religion, he contends, should surely be one of certain subjects which should still be considered to be outside the novelist's pale. He cites instances of technical blunders in description of religious ceremonies, and accuses "writers of irresponsible fiction " of having cari- catured the clergy and the ordinances of the Church, but he appears satisfied that" after alL no one takes these books very seriously, and they do not influence, nor are they intended to influence, the general public's estimation of the Church in the slightest degree." Mr. Deane thinks that the legitimate domain of the novel to-day—that is to say, outside "certain subjects," of which religion should be one—is extensive enough, the limits far wider than those within which Thackeray and Dickens were content to be bound:— If our religion (saya Mr. Deane) is something more than a vague sentiment, or a hazy aspiration—if it is deep, if it is real, if it is saored to us—the " religions" novel, in whioh Biblical narratives are eked out with mawkish sentiment and glaring vulgarity, in which Divine ordinances are cari- catured, must needs seem nauseating and disgusting. If, again, we value the traditions of our literature, if we are aniiona that its future should be not unworthy of its past, we cannot but deplore this lowering of the accepted standard of taste—we cannot but regret that well-known writers, for the sake of selling gigantic editions, should be ready to pander to depraved likings, and be prepared, for the sake of making a sensation, to fling all notions of decency and reverence to the winds. The question of teaching historical English grammar is presented by Mr. Mark H. Liddell in the Atlantic Monthly as one of paramount neces- sity if we are to preserve the power of our lan- guage to formulate our thought aptly, clearly, and easily. "Our present system of studying English literature from the standpoint of New English grammar," he says, "is creating for ua two languages where but one has existed in the past—a formal language of literary expression more or less transcendental, and an informal language of every-day life, practical, familiar, simple, direct" :— In the case of the Bible, the one has already become a sacerdotal tongue full of anomalies in syntax and idiom, and set apart as a sacred Bpeech because of its obsolete- pronouns and outgrown verb forms. The homely speech of an early Christianity which sought inspiration in the humblest walks of life has thus beoome artificial, and has got separated from actual experience. It now stands in need of a gloss almost as much as the Vulgate did when, in answer to the homely cry "Givo us the Soriptures," Tyndale translated it into the speech of everyday life. When the historical development of the English language and literature is once clearly under- stood, says the writer, this artificial process will be at an end. It will also lead to a fuller appre-  ## p. 327 (#777) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. ciation of much of our best literature. Mr. Liddell avers that in a recent imposing book on the history of English literature which speaks of the influence of Chaucer's harmonious and scien- tific versification, there are in the ten lines quoted five forms of expression that Chaucer could not have used, two that he did not use, and one that no writer or speaker of English has ever used. Says Mr. Liddell: "The critic could not read inU-lligently the poetry he was criticising—a dis- qualification which one feels ought to be a serious one. If the writer had chosen the history of Greek poetry for his field, he would have been laughed out of court for such efforts." BOOK TALE. MR. HERBERT SPENCER is engaged revising "Principle* of Biology," and writing additional chapters for the work. One of these, entitled "Cell-Life and Cell- Multiplication," describes the revelations which late years have witnessed respecting the processes of cell-division and cell-fertilization. Mr. Spencer contributes to the May number of Xatural Science an article on the subject, and prefixes it with a note in which he says:—" Study of the facts and hypotheses, as set forth in recent works, have suggested to me some interpretations which I have not met with. I have thought it as well to publish them now: not waiting for completion of the first volume of the " Principles of Biology "; as this will be long delayed, even if ill-health does not prevent completion of it." Mr. J. Arthur Gibbs has written a volume on country life in Gloucestershire, which is to be publishei by Mr. John Murray under the title •' A Cotswold Village." Messrs. Duckworth have just ready a volume of articles by Mr. Norman Hapgood, who con- tributes the New York Letter to T/ie Author every month. It is entitled "Literary States- men and Others," and deals with Lord Rosebery, Mr. Morley, Mr. Balfour, Mr. Henry James, Stendhal, Merimce, American art criticism and American cosmopolitanism. Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bart., has written a memoir of the Hon. Sir Charles Murray, K.C.B., which will be published by Messrs. Blackwood. At periods in his long life (1806-1895) Sir Charles was Master of the Household to the Queen, Consul-General in Egypt, and Minister at the Courts of Persia, Saxony, Denmark, and Portugal. His adherence in 1834-35 to a hunting "nation" of Pawnee Indian?, in whose lodges he lived for several months, is another episode in his interesting career. Many unpublished letters from Carlyle, Lord Brougham, Samuel Rogers, Alison, Praser, and others will be given in the memoir. Sir Charles Murray was at one time a constant frequenter of the famous breakfasts of Rogers at 22, St. James's-place. Mr. H. B. Wheatley, of the Society of Arts, is the author of a volume on " The Prices of books," which will form one of the Library Series pub- lished by Mr. George Allen. Sir George Robertson has written a history of th3 defence of Chitral from the point of view of those inside the fort. The work, which Messrs. Methueu will publish, will also give a connected narrative of all the stirring episodes on the Chitral frontier in 1895. At the time of the siege Sir George Robertson was, of course, British Agent at Gilgit. The Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund will shortly have ready a work by Mr. Frederick Jones Bliss, Ph.D., explorer to the fund, entitled " Excavations at Jerusalem, 1894- 1897." Among the ten chapters there will be one on the chronological bearings of the excavations, another on the wall from the Protestant cemetery to the Jewish cemetery, and a third giving a historical sketch of the Wall of Jerusalem. The book will contain plans and illustrations by Mr. Archibald Campbell Dickie, A.R.I.B.A. Sir Wyke Bayliss will have ready in a few days his study of the likenesses of Christ. It is to be called "Rex Regum," and published by Messrs. Bell. Mr. Shadworth H. Hodgson, who was formerly President of the Aristotelian Society, has written a work, which will run to four volumes, entitled "The Metaphysic of Experience." It will be published shortly by Messrs. Longmans, Green, and Co. Dr. Robert Munro, F.R.S.E., has written a volume on Prehistoric Scotland, which will be published by Messrs. Blackwood in a style uniform with their County Histories series. The Diary of Admiral Sir Pulteney Malcolm, who played chess with Napoleon at St. Helena, is expected to be published in a few months. Malcolm, after seeing much service at sea, and commanding in the North Sea during the Waterloo campaign, was appointed to the St. Helena station in 1816 in order to prevent the prisoner from escaping. "Interludes" will be the title of a volume of popular lectures on musical subjects, by the late Professor Henry Banister, which Messrs. George  ## p. 328 (#778) ############################################ 328 THE AUTHOR. Bell and Sons will issue shortly. The work has been edited by Professor Stewart Macpherson, of the Royal Academy of Music. The forthcoming volume of the Social England series, published by Messrs. Sonnenschein, will be "Life in an Old English Town,'' by Miss M. Dormer Harris. It deals especially with the history of Coventry in inediseval times, contains illustrations taken from old prints and other sources, and facsimiles of ancient MS8. A short guide to Coventry will be included. Mr. Lionel Cust has compiled, and Mr. Sidney Colvin edited, a history of the Society of Dilettanti, telling its social life and its antiquarian and artistic enterprises fr< m 1732 to the present day. Only 350 copies will be printed, and 100 of these are reserved fov the members of the society. Messrs. Macmillan are the publishers. Dr. Emil Reich's volume on Hungarian litera- ture is now nearly ready for publication by Messrs. Jarrold and Sons. In their series dealing with periods of European literature, and edited by Professor Saintsbury, Messrs. Blackwood will shortly issue "The Augustan Ages," by Oliver Elton; and later, "The Fourteenth Century," by F. J. Snell. Other volumes arranged for are "The Dark Ages," by Professor W. P. Ker; " The Transition Period," by G. Gregory Smith; "The Mid- Eighteenth Century," by J. Hepburn Millar; "The Eomantic Revolt," by Professor C. E. Vaughan; "The Romantic Triumph," by T. S. Omond; and " The Later Nineteenth Century," by Professor Saintsbury. A series of essays on Church Reform, edited by Canon Gore, will be published immediately by Mr. Murray. Among the contributors are the Dean of Norwich, whose subject is "Pensions for the Clergy," Rev. Dr. Fry (" Church Reform and Social Problems "), Mr. Justice Phillimore ("Legal and Parliamentary Possibilities"), Lord Balfour of Burleigh ("The Actual Methods of Self-Government in the Established Church of Scotland"), Canon Scott-Holland, and Canon Gore. An annotated edition of the " Lyrical Ballads" of Wordsworth and Coleridge, by Mr. Hutchinson, of Trinity College, Dublin, will be published by Messrs. Duckworth in this the centenary year of the original publication of the work. Mr. Edmund G. Gardner has written a critical work entitled "Dante's Ten Heavens," which is intended mainly to serve as an introduction to the "Paradiso." The author is a Cambridge man. Messrs. Constable are the publishers. "The Early Relations between Britain and Scandinavia" is the title of a work by Dr. Hans Hildebrand, Royal Antiquary of Sweden, to be issued by Messrs. Blackwood. It consists of the Rhind Lectures in Archaeology for 1896. Mrs. Meynell and Mr. William Hyde are joint- authors of an artistic work called "London Impressious," which Messrs. Constable will issue shortly. Mr. Hyde is also doing twenty illustra- tions for Mr. Meredith's " Nature Poems," which is to appear in the collected edition of Mr. Mere- dith's works published by the same house. Mr. Horace Hutchinson, the well-known autho- rity on golf, has written a gossipy volume on the pastime, which will be publi.-hed by Messrs. Methum under the title " The Golfing Pilgrim." A popularly written work on Cricket by the Hon R. H. Lyttelton will be published by Messrs. Duckworth on an early date. Mr. Pitt Lewis, Q.C., delivered recently in Middle Temple Hall a historical lecture on the Temple. It is now about to be published in a revised and expanded form by Mr. John Long. A fourth and uniform edition of Mr. James Baker's well-known West Country story, "By the Western Sea," will shortly be issued by Messrs. Chapman an 1 Hall. It appears at an apropos moment, when so many will be visiting Lynmouth and its lovely neighbourhood. Mr. Trevor-Battye's new book, "A Northern Highway of the Tsar," is due from Messrs. Constable. Messrs. Smith, Elder and Co. have begun the issue of an edition of Thackeray's works with biographical introductions by his daughter, Mrs. Ritchie. There will be thirteen volumes, which will appear at the rate of one per month. Every- body knows, of course, that Thackeray requested that his life should not be written; therefore, what Mrs. Ritchie does is merely in each volume to give the public little glimpses of the author. The first is " Vanity Fair," which the publisher issued on April 15. "I cannot help thinking," she remarks, "that although 'Vanity Fair' was written in 1845 and the following years, it was really begun in 1817, when the little boy, so lately come from India, found himself shut in behind those filagree iron gates at Chiswick, of which he writes when he describes Miss Pinker- ton's establishment." During the publication of the work, Thackeray wrote as follows to his mother: Towards the end of the month I get so nervous that I don't speak to anybody scarcely, and once actually got up in the middle of the night and came down to write in my  ## p. 329 (#779) ############################################ THE AUTHOR 329 night chimee; but that don't happen often, and I own that I had a nap after dinner that day. And he writes on July 2, 1848:—"'Vanity Fair' is this instant done, and I have worked so hard, that I can scarcely hold a pen and say God bless my dearest old mother." Concerning the original of Becky Sharp, Mrs. Ritchie only says: One morning a hansom drove np to the door, and out of it emerged a most charming, dazzling little lady dressed in black, who greeted my father with great affection and brilliancy, and who, departing presently, gave him a large bunch of fresh violets. This was the only time I ever saw the fascinating little person who was by many supposed to be the origin il of Becky; my father only laughed when people asked him, but he never quite owned to it. He always said that he never conecioualy oopied anyone. Novels to be published by Messrs. Macmillan include "A Philosopher's Romance," by Mr. John Berwick; "The Concert Director," by Mrs. Blissett; "The Man of the Family," by Miss Emily Phillips; "The Forest Lovers," by Mr. Maurice Hewlett. New novels by Mrs. W. K. Clifford and Mr. Edward H. Cooper are in the hands of Messrs. Duckworth for early publication. The late Mr. James Payn's novel, " By Proxy," is about to be published in a sixpenny edition by Messrs. Chatto and Windus. The same firm have acquired the copyright of Mr. Payn's " A Modern Dick Whittington," and will issue a 3*. 6d. edition of it. Theatrical life in London, which has been the subject of numerous works of late, will also be the theme of Mr. Leonard Merrick's new novel, "The Actor Manager," which Mr. Grant Richards will publish. "Men, Women, and Things," is the title of a volume of stories by Mr. F. C. Phillips, which Messrs. Duckworth are to publish. Mr. Vincent Brown has written a novel entitled "Ordeal by Compassion," which Mr. Lane will publish. The author issued, through Messrs. Ward and Lock eighteen months ago, a novel called "My Brother." His new work is a study of a man who does ill, and finds his punishment lie in being compassioned. Sir Courtenay Ilbert is issuing, through the Oxford University Press, a digest of Indian statute law up to date. In existing works the subject is only carried down to the year 1873. Mr. Sydney J. Murray has written a treatise on money which aims at giving a popular exposition of the various technicalities which confront the investor and the speculator from time to time in the course of actual transactions. It will be called "A Popular Manual of Finance," and published by Messrs. Blackwood. Lord Farrer, who is of course a monometallist, is about to issue a voluma entitled "Studies in Currency." "Blastus, the King's Cliamberlaiu," one of Mr. Stead's recent Christmas numbers of the Review of Reviews, is to be reprinted in the form of a six-shilling volume and published by Mr. Grant Richards. The first number has appeared of the Modern Quarterly of Language and Literature, edited by Mr. H. Frank Heath, which is a resuscitation of the Modem Language Quarterly of last year. It is published by Messrs. J. M. Dent and Co., price half-a-crown. Amongst the articles are "An Elizabethan MS. Colle -tion: Henry Con- stable," by Professor DowJen; "Alphonse Daudet," by Mr. Charles Whibley; "Historical Notes on the Similies of Dante," bv Professor W. P. Ker; "The Influencj of Goethe's Italian Journey upon his Style," by Professor Herford; and " Erne Niederliindische Paraphrase des Veni Sancte Spiritus," by Mr. Robert Priebsch. In- cluding a classified list of recent publications, the magazine contains ninety pages. Mr. Heath is assisted by Dr. Braunholtz, Dr. Breul, Mr. I. GoUancz, Mr. A. "W. Pollard, Professor Walter Rippmann, and Professor V. Spiers. The frontis- piece to the number is a portrait of Dr. Furnivall, who attained his seventy-third birthday on Feb. 4. Next July (writes the Naples correspondent of the Daily News) Signor Crispi will consign to the English publisher, who has acquired the copy- right, the MSS. of his memoirs. They form nine volumes of MS. pages, each volume numbering 400 pages. The first part recounts the polemics between Mazzini and Cavour, which werj sum- marised by Crispi for the French journals of the period. The second part treats of the idea of unity and the autonomy of Sicily. The third relates to the disembarkment at Marsala and the provisional government in Sicily. The other five parts treat of events from i860 upwards. There will be a special portion dedicated to the part Crispi had in the Triple Alliance. In view of his pulpit Jubilee, Messrs. Horace Marshall and Son are publishing, under the general title of " Studies in Text," six volumes, by Dr. Joseph Parker, of the City Temple. The first volume is now ready. Another kind of book by the same author is in the press, and will be published at once by Messrs. Hurst and Blackett. The title is "Christian Profiles in a Pagan Mirror." A pagan lady visits England for the purpose of discovering what Christians believe, what they do, and  ## p. 330 (#780) ############################################ 33° THE AUTHOR. •wherein they differ from other people. This book is her report. Mr. Charles Bright's work on "Submarine Telegraphs," their history, construction, and working, will be published on May 2. It will appear in one volume, super royal 8vo., 780 pages, with a good number of plates and maps. The publishers are Crosby Lockwood and Co. Mr. Bloundelle-Burton's new novel entitled "Across the Salt Seas " was published by Methuen and Co. on March 21 last. In her "Reminiscences," just issued by Mr. Redway, Miss Betham-Edwards, poet, novelist, and writer on French rural life, glances back through sixty years, and gives a racy account of England in "the good old times," and records her life in France and Germany. She has been the confidante of George Eliot and the friend of Listz, to mention only two of the celebrities. Mrs. Eentoul Esler's new book has just been published by Mr. John Long, of 6, Chandos- street, Strand. It tells how the old Edenic theme, "It is not good that man should be alone," was treated in ten modern instances. The book is entitled "Youth at the Prow." The biography of the late Bishop of Wake- field, Dr. Walsham How, is being written by his son, Mr. F. D. How, and will probably be ready, at Messrs. Isbister's, early in the autumn. Dr. C. Harford Battersby is writing a biography of Mr. Pilkington, of Uganda, which will be pub- lished immediately by Messrs. Marshall Bros. One of the most interesting questions to politi- cians is the relations between the Indian Govern- ment and the tribes on the North-West and Western frontiers of India, from Chitral to Baluchistan. It is the subject of a forthcoming work entitled "War and Policy on the Indian Frontier," by Mr. Stephen Wheeler, who wrote the volume on the Ameer in the "Public Men of To-day" series. He will sketch the history of the tribes, and give an account of the military expedi- tions which have been necessary; geography and ethnology will also be dealt with. Religious works to appear shortly include: "Jewish Life After the Exile," by the Rev. Professor Cheyne, to be published by Messrs. Putnam; and "The Hope of Immortality," by the Rev. J. E. C. Welldon, Head Master of Harrow School (Seeley). Dr. Forbes Winslow has written a book on "Mad Humanity," for Messrs. Pearson. Mr. Arthur Thomson will write the volume on "Heredity" for the Progressive Science S ries, published by Messrs. Bliss, Sands and Co. A series of memoirs of American politics, by Mr. Coit Tyler, of Cornell, in the first of which Monroe and his doctrine are discussed, will be published by Messrs. Putnam. Reviewers who have habitually to deal with books at very short notice, will be grateful to Messrs. Service and Paton for the introduction of a useful practice. In sending out a book lately this firm appended to their printed notice the following:—" Note.—The leaves of this copy have been cut for the convenience of the reviewer." Professor Max Midler's works are being pub- lished in a collected edition, at the rate of one volume per month, by Messrs. Longmans, Green and Co. In a preface which appears in the first volume (" Natural Religion ") Professor Muller says that the chief object of all his literary labours has been "to show that with the new materials placed at our disposal during the pre- sent century by the discoveries of ancient monu- ments, both architectural and hterary, by the brilliant decipherment of unknown languages, and the patient interpretation of ancient litera- tures, whether in Egypt, Babylonia, India, or Persia, it has become possible to discover what may be called historical evolution, in the earliest history of mankind." "Phil May's Annual" is to be published in future by Messrs. Thacker, who will issue the summer number, enlarged, this month. This firm has taken over the publications of the late firm of Neville Beeman, Limited, including Mr. Laird Clowes's Naval Pocket Book. THE, BOOKS OF THE MONTH. [March 24 to April 23.—273 Books.] Aldous, J. O. P. (en.). Physics. Elemontary. 7/6. Macmillan. Anderson, Izett. Yellow Fever in the West Indies. 3/6. Lewie. Anderson, Mary. In tbe Promised Land. 6/- Downey. Anonymous. The Little Christian Year (Unicorn " Books of Verse," II ). S/6 net Unicorn Press. Anonymous (*4Ono who speaks concerning the Church1'). The Excellent Lady Kyrius. 2/6. Wells Gardner. Anonymous (tr. from French). The Beign of Terror (under Marat and Bobesplerre). 16/- net. Smtthers. Anonymous. Scenes and Life in the Transvaal. 52/6 net Art Photograph Co. Anonymous, rriesthood in the English Church. 1/- S.P.C.K. Anonymous. The Queen's Empire. Pictoiial and Descriptive. Vol. I. 8/- Cassell. Armitage-Smith, G. Tbe Free Trade Movement and its Results. 2/0. Blackie. Astrup, E. Wiih Peary near the Pole. 10/6. Pearson. Bell, J., and Wilson, 8. Practical Telephony. 2/6. Electricity Office. Barlow, W. 8. L. A Manual of General Pathology for Students and Practitioners. 21/- Churchill. Barrister, A. Story of the Schoolmaster's Sister, .to. 1/- Cox. Beresford, Lord 0., and Wilson, W. II. Nelson and His Times. 9/- Eyre and S. Besant, Sir Walter. King Alfred the Great Cd. Cox. Binstead. A. M., aLd Webs, E. A Pink 'Un and A Pelican. 21/- net Bliss.  ## p. 331 (#781) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. 331 Binyon, L. Porphyrton. and Other Poems. 8/- net Bichards. Binyon, L. Catalogue of Drawings by British Artists, Ac, In Depart- ment of Prints and Drawings in B. M. Vol.I. British Museum. Blackwell. G. Law of Meetings 2/6 net Butterworth. Blayney, Owen. The Macmahon. 6/- Constable. Bodkin, M. McD. A Stolen Life. A Novel. 6/- Ward and Lock. Bodkin, M. McD. Paul Beck. 8/8. Pearson. 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Henry of Guise, and Other Portraits. 8/6 ne\ Macmillan. Macquold, Kathorlne S. The Story of Lola. 6/- Long. Marksman, A. The Service Blfles. 1/- J.S.Phillip.-. Marryat, Florence A Soul on Fire. A Novel. 8/6. Bliss. Masom, W. F., and Woodhouse, W. J. History of Borne, 390-202 n.r. 4/6. CUve.  ## p. 332 (#782) ############################################ 332 THE AUTHOR. Mathews, E. Gtr^and cf Ni w roetrv. Vol.I. «/- net. Mathews. May,Phil. A Souvenir of the Lit tie Minister. V- Nassau Press. Metcalfe, R. Life of Vincent Ptitssnitz. 3,6 net. MHcul'c's London Hydro. Mltton. O. E. A Bachelor Girl in L< ndon. ( /- Hutchinson. Montgomery, Alex. The Sword of a Pin. 3/6. Sonnenschcin. Mooie, Dusald. Nightshade and Poppies. 3 6 net. Long. Morris, E. P. (etl.)- TheCaptives and Trlnummus of Plautus. 5,6. Arnold. Mott, E. S. (■'Nathaniel Gubbins'). A Mingled Yarn. (Auto- biography.) 12/6. Arnold. Moullin, 1.. M. Inflammation of the Bladder oni Urinary Fever. 5- Lewis. Muddock, J. E. 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