https://historysoa.com/files/original/5/268/1894-09-01-The-Author-5-4.pdf 25c4ae48df80d2b12eb82afc5ae0a01e PDF Text Text ������������������������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em> Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, <em>The Author</em>, 1890<span>–</span>1914, made available together for the first time.<br /><br />Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&amp;collection=&amp;type=&amp;tags=&amp;exhibit=&amp;date_search_term=&amp;submit_search=Search+For+Items&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1894-09-01 Volume 5 Issue 4 Pages Page range in volume 89–112 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18940901 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin C be El u t b or, (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BES.A.N.T. WOL. W.-No. 4.] SEPTEMBER 1, 1894. [PRICE SIXPENCE. For the Opinions eaſpressed in papers that are signed or initialled the Authors alone are responsible. None of the papers or para- graphs must be taken as eaſpressing the collective opinions of the committee unless they are officially signed by G. Herbert Thring, Sec. HE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and requests that all members not receiving an answer to important communications within two days will write to him without delay. All remittances showld be crossed Union. Bank of London, Chancery-lame, or be sent by registered letter only. Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub- jects whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS. *~ * ~ * g- - -—s WARNINGS AND ADVICE, I. RAWING THE AGREEMENT.-It is not generally . understood that the author, as the vendor, has the absolute right of drafting the agreement upon whatever terms the transaction is to be carried out. Authors are strongly advised to exercise that right. In every form of business, this among others, the right of drawing the agreement rests with him who sells, leases, or has the control of the property. 2. SERIAL RIGHTS.—In selling Serial Rights remember that you may be selling the Serial Right for all time; that is, the Right to continue the production in papers. If you object to this, insert a clause to that effect. 3. STAMP YOUR AGREEMENTS. – Readers are most URGENTLY warned not to neglect stamping their agreements immediately after signature. If this precaution is neglected for two weeks, a fine of £10 must be paid before the agree- ment can be used as a legal document. In almost every case brought to the secretary the agreement, or the letter which serves for one, is forwarded without the stamp. The author may be assured that the other party to the agree- ment seldom neglects this simple precaution. The Society, to save trouble, undertakes to get all the agreements of members stamped for them at no ea pense to themselves eacept the cost of the stamp. 4. ASCERTAIN WHAT A PROPOSED AGREEMENT GIVES To BOTH SIDES BEFORE SIGNING IT.-Remember that an WOL. W. arrangement as to a joint venture in any other kind of busi- ness whatever would be instantly refused should either party refuse to show the books or to let it be known what share he reserved for himself. * 5. LITERARY AGENTS.—Be very careful. You cannot be too careful as to the person whom you appoint as yowr agent. Remember that you place your property almost un- reservedly in his hands. Your only safety is in consulting the Society, or some friend who has had personal experience of the agent. Do not trust advertisements alone. 6. COST OF PRODUCTION.--Never sign any agreement of which the alleged cost of production forms an integral part, until you have proved the figures. 7. CHOICE OF PUBLISHERs.—Never enter into any cor- respondence with publishers, especially with those who ad- vertise for MSS., who are not recommended by experienced friends or by this Society. 8. FUTURE WORK.—Never, on any account whatever, bind yourself down for future work to anyone. 9. PERSONAL RISK.—Never accept any pecuniary risk or responsibility whatever without advice. IO. REJECTED MSS.—Never, when a MS. has been re- fused by respectable houses, pay others, whatever promises they may put forward, for the production of the work. II. AMERICAN RIGHTS.–Never sign away American rights. Keep them by special clause. Refuse to sign any agreement containing a clause which reserves them for the publisher, unless for a substantial consideration. 12. CESSION OF COPYRIGHT.-Never sign any paper, either agreement or receipt, which gives away copyright, without advice. 13. ADVERTISEMENTs. --Reep some control over the advertisements, if they affect your returns, by a clause in the agreement. I4. NEVER forget that publishing is a business, like any other business, totally unconnected with philanthropy, charity, or pure love of literature. You have to do with business men. Be yourself a business man. Society's Offices :— 4, PORTUGAL STREET, LINCOLN's INN FIELDs. *—- - -º •- - -, HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY. I. VERY member has a right to ask for and to receive advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub- lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his business or the administration of his property. If the advice sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member I 2  ## p. 90 (#104) ############################################# 90 THE AUTHOR. has a right to an opinion from the Society’s solicitors. If the case is such that Counsel’s opinion is desirable, the Com- mittee will obtain for him Counsel’s opinion. All this without any cost to the member. 2. Remember that questions connected with copyright and publisher's agreements do not generally fall within the experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually engaged upon such questions for us. 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books represented. This is in order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree- ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor- mation thus obtained may prove invaluable. 4. If the examination of your previous business trans- actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should take advice as to a change of publishers. 5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro- posed document to the Society for examination. 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks of every publish- ing firm in the country. 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen- dence of the writer. 8. Send to the Editor of the Author notes of everything important to literature that you may hear or meet with. *~ * ~ * g- > ---, THE AUTHORS' SYNDICATE. EMBERS are informed : 1. That the Authors' Syndicate takes charge of the business of members of the Society. With, when necessary, the assistance of the legal advisers of the Syndi- cate, it concludes agreements, collects royalties, examines and passes accounts, and generally relieves members of the trouble of managing business details. - 2. That the expenses of the Authors' Syndicate are defrayed solely out of the commission charged on rights placed through its intervention. Notice is, however, hereby given that in all cases where there is no current account, a booking fee is charged to cover postage and porterage. 3. That the Authors' Syndicate works for none but those members of the Society whose work possesses a market value. 4. That the Syndicate can only undertake any negotiation whatever on the distinct understanding that those negotia- tions are placed exclusively in its hands, and that all communications relating thereto are referred to it. 5. That clients can only be seen by the Director by appointment, and that, when possible, at least four days’ notice should be given. 6. That every attempt is made to deal with the corre- spondence promptly, but that owing to the enormous number of letters received, some delay is inevitable. That stamps should, in all cases, be sent to defray postage. 7. That the Authors' Syndicate does not invite MSS. without previous correspondence, and does not hold itself responsible for MSS. forwarded without notice. 8. That the Syndicate undertakes arrangements for lectures by some of the leading members of the Society; that it has a “Transfer Department” for the sale and purchase of journals and periodicals; and that a “Register of Wants and Wanted ” has been opened. Members anxious to obtain literary or artistic work are invited to com- municate with the Manager. There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in the Syndicate. *~ * → NOTICES, HE Editor of the Author begs to remind members of the Society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and communications on all subjects connected with literature from members and others. Nothing can do more good to the Society than to make the Awthor complete, attractive, and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this work send their names and the special subjects on which they are willing to write P Communications for the Author should reach the Editor not later than the 21st of each month. All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate to the Editor any points connected with their work which it would be advisable in the general interest to publish. Members and others who wish their MSS. read are requested not to send them to the Office without previously communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in which they are received. It must also be distinctly under- stood that the Society does not, under any circumstances, undertake the publication of MSS. The Authors’ Club is now open in its new premises, at 3, Whitehall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary for information, rules of admission, &c. Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they have paid their subscriptions for the year P. If they will do this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker's order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the trouble of sending out a reminder. Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the warning numbered (8). It is a most foolish and may be a most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest? Of course they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign them- selves into literary bondage for three or five years P Those who possess the “Cost of Production ” are requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15 per cent. This means, for those who do not like the trouble of “doing sums,” the addition of three shillings in the pound on this head. In other words, if the cost of binding is set down in our book at eight pounds, to this must now be added twenty-four shillings more, so that it now stands at 489 48. The figures in our book are as near the exact truth  ## p. 91 (#105) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 9 I as can be procured; but a printer's, or a binder's, bill is so elastic a thing that nothing more exact can be arrived at. Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged in the “Cost of Production” for advertising. Of course, we have not included any sums which may be charged for inserting advertisements in the publisher's own magazines, or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket, by inserting any number of advertisements in his own magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it. *-* -º * * * LITERARY PROPERTY, I.—Fox-Bourn E v. WERNoN AND Co. HIS case, finished on Aug. 3, heard before T the Lord Chief Justice and a special jury, was one in which an editor claimed twelve months' notice of dismissal, whereas he had only received six months' notice. The jury found a verdict for the defendants. The case would have little interest for this paper but for the words of the judge in defining what is meant by “custom '' (see the Times, Aug. 4, 1894). “Custom,” he said, “in its strict legal sense, was a uniform and universal practice so well defined and recognised that contracting parties must be assumed to have had it in their minds when they contracted.” Contracting parties, that is, on both sides. If, for instance, one side intends to falsify accounts, and excuses himself on the ground that it is a trade custom, while the other side know nothing of his intention, and had never heard of the alleged “custom,” the excuse, according to this judge's definition, would not be allowed. This definition agrees with the opinion of Mr. Cozens-Hardy, Q.C., and Mr. Rolt, published in the Author of March last. Of course the fact that such a practice was common, not to say universal, would have to be proved. The warning which the Lord Chief Justice addresses to journalists equally applies to writers of books, writers in magazines, dramatists, and every kind of literary worker. The following is the summing-up referred to (Times, Aug. 4):— The Lord Chief Justice, in summing-up, said the plaintiff was a journalist of good position and long experience, who had been employed by the defendants as their editor, and had received from them a six months' notice. The question for the jury was whether plaintiff was entitled to twelve months' notice or whether six months’ notice was such a notice as the defendants were legally entitled to give plaintiff. Although the case seemed to have excited a good deal of feeling between journalists and proprietors, it had no general importance, as in the future journalists would only have themselves to blame if they had not insisted upon having an agreement. The jury had no question of “custom" to consider, for “custom,” in its strict legal sense, was a uniform and universal practice, so well defined and recognised that contracting parties must be assumed to have had it in their minds when they contracted. The fact that in a large percentage of cases there were special agreements showed that no such universal custom existed. But on plaintiff's behalf it was sought to establish the existence of a “practice” regulating the relations between editors and proprietors. What that practice was would be some guide to the jury in coming to a conclusion as to what Was or was not a reasonable notice in this case. The case of Bremon v. Gilbart-Smith, which had been cited, was really not in point at all, for in that case no notice was given, and the question of twelve months' notice only arose incidentally with a view of fixing the amount of damages plaintiff was entitled to. II.-MUSICAL COPYRIGHT IN AMERICA. Mr. G. Dixey, secretary of the Music Pub- lishers' Association, writes from 9, Air-street, Regent-street, W., Aug. 4:—“I am instructed by this association to inform you that the plain- tiffs in the celebrated American test action of Novello and Co. v. The Oliver Ditson Company and others, have just received a telegram from their counsel, Mr. L. L. Scaife, of Boston, to the effect that the judge who tried the action has decided in the plaintiffs' favour on all points. The action, as you are aware, relates to the correct construction of what is known as the manufacturing clause in the American Copyright Act of 1891, and it was brought to test the ques- tion whether ‘a book' within the meaning of that clause includes “musical composition,’ which, in an earlier part of the Act is mentioned, together with “book’ and other subjects of copyright, as being entitled to protection under that Act. The judgment just delivered has settled the point for the present, and until that judgment is upset or varied it must be accepted that the law of the United States of America is, that the expression ‘book’ in the Act of 1891 does not include ‘musical composition,’ and that consequently it is not necessary that such compositions should be printed in America as a condition of obtaining copyright there.”—Times, Aug. 7. III.--ARTISTS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT. (From an American Correspondent.) Boston, Mass., Aug. 8.-A decision by Judge Putnam in the United States Circuit Court, filed to-day, holds that an artist having copyrighted a painting may restrain reproductions of the paint- ing, and that a bill in equity for an injunction may be maintained by one to whom the artist has sold the right and who has taken out a copyright in his name. - The decision was given in the case of Emil Werckmeister v. The Pierce and Bushnell Manu-  ## p. 92 (#106) ############################################# 92 THE AUTHOR. facturing Company. G. Naujok, a resident of Germany, painted a picture called “Die Heilige Cecilia,” and later executed an instrument con- veying to the complainant the exclusive right of reproduction. The painting was publicly exhi- bited at Munich, and afterwards sold, and its present location is unknown. The complainant secured a copyright and filed a photograph of the painting at Washington. The defendant subse- quently sold in this country a photograph, which, it was claimed, is an infringement. The court ordered a decree for the complainant. IV.--THREE YEARS OF AMERICAN CoPYRIGHT. The Daily Chronicle (Aug. 14) publishes an instructive “interview º' with Professor Brander Matthews, of Columbia College, New York, on the result of three years' working of the American Copyright Act. In the first place, the pirates are nearly all “knocked out.” The pirate chief, Lovell, is bankrupt, and his stock of several millions is being sold at “dry good stores” at 4d. and 5d. a volume. When these have been worked through the book market will improve. Meantime, we must note the necessity of copyrighting everything. Mr. Matthews points out how three notable books of last season—“Dodo,” “The Yellow Aster,” and “Ships that Pass”— through neglect of this precaution were pirated and sold for 8 cents. Next, the effect on American literature is that American authors no longer have to compete with stolen goods. The publishers already show a very large increase of American books in proportion to British books. Harper Brothers show British books in their lists numbering 25 per cent. of the whole, as against 75 per cent. thirty years ago. Houghton, Mifflin, and Co. have reduced the percentage of British books to Io per cent. London houses in New York are putting out American books in excess of English books. - As to the price of books; novels, as a rule, appear in One volume, at four, five, or six shillings. The Americans are, as a rule, a book- buying, not a book-borrowing, people. The effect of free libraries tends in America, he thinks, first to beget and encourage the habit of reading, and next to develop the desire to possess books. They make people buyers of books. Mr. Matthews further gave his views as to the difference between the circulation of English and American magazines. He said: The main fact is, no doubt, that our reading public is so much larger than yours, and that for that very reason our I can learn, magazine proprietors are enabled to pursue a much more systematic and spirited policy than is possible with you. We have made magazine editing at once a fine art and a science. Each of our great magazines occupies the whole time and thoughts of a very large editorial staff, consisting in one case of an editor-in-chief, an associate editor, an assistant editor, two editorial assistants, and four or five editorial clerks, to say nothing of two or three art editors. Every manuscript that is sent in is examined, and articles and drawings are always paid for on acceptance, instead of, as with you, on publication. Harper's or the Century will often have £10,000 worth of stock in hand, paid for, and ready for use as occasion offers. The policy of these magazines is mapped out for years beforehand by experts in the art of meeting the public taste. But such a policy, it is clear, can be pursued only when a very large sale is assured. The circulation of the magazines I have named runs to something like 200,000 copies a month. From all no high-priced illustrated magazine on your side commands more than one-fourth of that sale. It is a noteworthy fact that not a single English magazine is to be seen on the American bookstalls, as our magazines are seen on yours. In the days of piracy your lead- ing reviews used to be reprinted every month and sold at low rates, but even before the passing of the Copyright Act that practice was found unremunerative, and was accordingly dropped. Now, a few sets of your leading reviews are sent over in sheets, stitched, and sold to clubs and libraries. They have practically no general sale whatever. “And our cheap magazines, such as the Strand—have you any periodicals of that class P” - “No,” replied Mr. Matthews, “and why P. Because their place is almost precisely occupied by the Sunday editions published by all our leading daily papers. These contain serial novels, short stories, and general articles, of exactly the same class as those which appear in your cheaper magazines, and illustrated in much the same style. In fact, the same stories and articles are often supplied by syndicates to your cheap magazines and to our Sunday papers.” W.—THE THREE-VoI,UME Nov EL. The fate of the three-volume novel still con- tinues to furnish matter for discussion. The Publisher's Circular naturally takes the keenest interest in the subject. The writer of an article in the August number on the Resolution of our council, puts forward certain statements and opinions which we can hardly accept. Thus he says: “We do not know how far this Resolution repre- sents, the mind of the great body of English novelists. . The opinion of writers in general, or even of the majority of the members of the Authors’ Society, was not, we believe, taken before the council passed its sweeping motion, and there are, we fancy, many writers of fiction who would repudiate this official declaration.” Now, the great body of English novelists are members of this Society. With a very few exceptions all novelists of standing are members. The Secretary received instructions to ask the opinions of all those members who are novelists, but not of other members. A “private and  ## p. 93 (#107) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 93 confidential” circular was drawn up giving the facts of the case : and the opinions which were sent in were practically unanimous. Of course there may be, as the writer of the article thinks, some who would not agree with the Reso- lution, but they did not come forward. He says, further, that the “mass of the people does not read fiction.” The general opinion is that fiction is all that the mass does read— that part of the mass which reads anything besides the daily paper. He goes on to say, “Possibly the Council did not see that its resolution, if carried into effect, would deprive three-fourths of the members of the Society of their occupation and means of living.” - Let us, once more, take refuge in those figures which do so seriously annoy those who love a good broad general statement. There are between 1300 and 1400 members of the Society. Three-fourths of this number means about a thousand. It has been pretty conclusively proved in back numbers of the Author that the number of novelists whose works possess any commercial value at all with Mudie and Smith is under 300, of whom about one hundred are likely to be affected by the abolition of the three- volume system. It is a great mistake to suppose that the members of the Society are nearly all novelists. Statements to this effect have been made, over and over again, with intent to injure, but not in the Publisher's Circular, whose attitude towards the Society is generally fair. The writer probably reveals the truth when he says that depression in trade has brought about the present crisis. It is certainly more than twenty years since the three-volume novel was fiercely denounced; but it survived. Times were good; libraries took large numbers; cheap editions could wait. Now, smaller numbers must be taken at a less price; that is what the libraries say. Let us, therefore, go straight to the general public. That is what the majority of novelists say ; that is what many of the best novelists have already begun to do; that is what many publishers have declared their intention to do for the future. It is a significant commen- tory on this article, written clearly in favour of the old system, that the back page of the JPublisher's Circular contains an announcement that Messrs. Sampson Low, Marston, and Co. will no longer issue three-volume novels, except under special circumstances. The three-volume novel, however, is not yet dead. WI.--THE COPYRIGHT Congress AT ANTWERP. The Association Littéraire et Artistique Inter- nationale informed us that a copyright congress would be held at Antwerp from the 18th to the 25th of Aug., and invited this Society to send delegates. We regret extremely that the invita- tion should not have come into our hands until after the last committee meeting, so that, our members having dispersed, there was no oppor- tunity of arranging for the proper representation of the Society. We wait for a report of the proceedings. The following is the official pro- gramme :- PROGRAMME Gână RAL DEs TRAvAUx. Du contrat d'édition, en matières littéraires, artistiques et musicales. Rapportewrs: MM. Pouillet et Ocampo. De l'arbitrage en matière de contestation relative à la pro- priété intellectuelle. Rapportewr: M. Maunery. De la propriété littéraire en fait de noms individuels. Rapportewr: M. Georges Maillard. De la propriété littéraire en fait de titres. Rapportew": Dr. Max Nordau. De la collaboration. Rapporteur : M. Harmand. De la propriété artistique en matière de portrait. De la propriété des types (clichés) de reproduction. Rapportewr: M. Davaune. - De la création d'un répertoire universel au bureau inter- national de Berne. De l'obligation du dépôt. De l'enregistrement. Rapportewr: M. Jules Lermina. De la traduction. De la caution Judicatwm Solvi. De la photographie. Rapportewr: M. Eugène Pouillet. Des droits des auteurs en matière de représentation gratuite. Rapportewr: M. Wauwermans. De la clause de la nation la plus favorisée. Rapporteur: M. A. Darras. *- 2-º -- w - A POET'S LOWE, [Imitated from a poem by Felix d'Anvers, quoted by Ste. Beuve Nouv. Lundis. III., 351.] Love leaped like instant lightning to my breast And made himself therein a secret throne : The hopeless slavery I bear unknown, By her who caused it least of all is guessed. I pass her often, as in darkness dressed, And even when by her side am still alone; Nor when I lie beneath my burial-stone Will prayer of mine have ever marred her rest. She whom God made so tender and so kind Perceives not, bent upon her daily task, The sighs of love that round her presence go; But wrapped in duty, innocently blind, - Reading the words I write of her, will ask— “Who was the woman that he worshipped so H. G. R.  ## p. 94 (#108) ############################################# 94 THE AUTHOR. THE PRICE OF THE NOVEL–1750-1894. HE following is a table of the prices at which the English novel has been issued from the year 1750 to the year 1860. It has been compiled from catalogues and lists published at the end of books, from magazines, and from advertisements. The compiler, Mr. R. English, of the British Museum, made no choice, but wrote down selections from the lists at random, three or four for each year. Some of the novels whose authorship was subsequently acknow- ledged appeared at first anonymously. Year. Author. Title, Vols. Price. I750 Fielding ........................ Tom Jones ...................................................... 4. 3o 12 O 35 Paltock ........................ Peter Wilkins........... © tº 4 tº e s tº a 4 º' s s º is a t t e º e º tº e º a s - e s a e s is s a e s & 8 2 o 6 O I75I Smollett ........................ Peregrine Pickle ............................................. 4. O I2 O 33 Anonymous..................... Adventures of Lucy Frail.................................... I O 3 O 1760 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adventures of Sylvia Hughes .............................. I O 3 O 1761 25 - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . Memoirs of Miss Sidney Biddulph ........................ 2 o 7 6 1762 Author of Roderick Random Sir Launcelot Greaves ....................................... 2 O 6 O 25 Anonymous..................... Longwood, Earl of Salisbury .............................. 2 o 6 o 1770 3 * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adventures of a Bank Note ................................. 4 O I 2 O 33 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constantia ...................................................... I O 3 O 1771 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Captive; or, the History of Mr. Clifford ......... 2 o 6 O 1772 Author of Roderick Random Expedition of Humphrey Clinker................. ......... I O 3 O 1780 Anonymous..................... Alwyn ; or, the Gentleman Comedian..................... 2 o 6 O 1782 33 • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - George Bateman ............................................. 3 o 7 6 1784 23 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barnham Downs ............................................. 2 o 7 o 1789 L. Lewis ........................ Lord Walford................................................... 2 O 6 O I790 Mrs Bonhote .................. Darnley Wale; or, Emilia Fitzroy ........................ 3 o 7 6 32 Anonymous..................... History of Miss Meredith.................................... 2 O 6 O 35 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Man of Feeling .......................................... 2 O 5 O 33 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Recluse ................................................... 2 O 5 O 99 35 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Maid of Kent ............................................. 3 O 9 O 35 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisa Forester................................................ 3 7 6 o 33 Charlotte Lennox ............ Euphemia. ...................................................... 4. O I 2 O I79I Jane Timbury.................. The Philanthropic Rambler ................................. I O 3 O 33 Anonymous..................... St. Julian's Abbey............................................. 2 O 5 O 33 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charles Henley ................................................ 2 O 5 O 33 35 - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * Sempronia ...................................................... 3 O 9 O 33 Clara Reeve .................. School for Widows............................................. 3 O 9 O 33 J. White ........................ - The Adventures of Richard Coeur de Lion.............., 3 O 9 O I792 Anonymous..................... Dinabas ......................................................... I O 3 O 33 By a Lady ..................... The Baroness of Beaumont ................................. 2 O 6 O 33 Anonymous..................... Modern Miniature ............................................. 2 O 6 O 33 33 • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delineations of the Heart.................................... 3 O 9 O 33 Charlotte Smith ............... Desmond, a Novel............................................. 3 O 9 O I793 35 • * * * * * * * * * * * * Wanderings of Warwick .................................... I O 4 O 33 Anonymous..................... Siavery; or, the Times....................................... 2 O 6 O 33 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History of Philip Waldegrave .............................. 2 O 6 O 33 35 - " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Dupe ...................................................... 2 O 5 O 33 33 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Selinor............................................................ 6 O 18 O I794 Geo. Hutton .................. Amantus and Elmore ....................................... I O 3 O 35 Anonymous..................... Ivey Castle ...................................................... 2 O 6 O 33 33 s = < * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Tales of Elam............................................. 2 o 6 o 35 S. Pearson ..................... The Medallion ................................................ 3 O 9 O 32 55 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ellen, Countess of Castle Howell ........................ 4 O I 2 O I795 Anonymous..................... The Ghost-Seer ................................................ I O 3 O 35 Geo. Brewer ... ............... The Motto ...................................................... 2 O 6 O 33 Anonymous..................... Elisa Powell ................................................... 2 o 7 o 33 Mary E. Parker ............... Orwell Manor................................................... 3 O 9 O 33 Anonymous..................... Secrecy, a Novel ............................................. 3 O 9 O 53 35 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Henry, a Novel ................................................ 4. O I 2 O 1796 J. Palmer ..................... The Haunted Cavern.......................................... I O 3 O 3? Anonymous..................... Arville Castle................................................... 2 O 6 O 93 IRichard Hey .................. Edington, a Novel............................................. 2 o 6 o 33 Mary Robinson ............... Angelina, a Novel ............................................. 3 O I3 O 33 Mrs. Meeke..................... The Abbey of Clugny ....................................... 3 O 9 O 35 Anonymous..................... Agatha, a Novel ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 O I 2 O 1797 93 s = < * * * * * & 2 e º e º 'º e s tº a c is The Village Curate ...... a 2 & º º ſº tº is º f tº 6 s is tº 4 e º a tº 9 s s a s s a tº e s s s a s a I o 3 6  ## p. 95 (#109) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. Year. Author. Title. Wols. Price. 1797 Anonymous..................... The Inquisition ................................................ 2 O 6 O 25 23 ° e º • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Nun......................................................... 2 O 8 O 35 M. G. Lewis .................. The Monk ...................................................... 3 o IO 6 23 J. Fox ........................... Santa Maria ................................................... 3 O 1 o 6 33 Anonymous..................... The Church of St. Sifford.................................... 4. O I4. O 1798 33 s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Statira ; or, the Mother....................................... I o 3 6 33 33 - " - e s • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Henry Willoughby............................................. 2 o 7 o 23 Anna Plumtree ............... The Rector's Son ............................................. 3 O IO 6 35 Mrs. Tomlins ................. Rosalind de Tracy............................................. 3 O IO 6 33 Geo. Walker .................. Cinthelia ...................................................... - - - 4. O I4. O I799 Anonymous.......... .* * * * * * * * * * * The Orphan Heiress of St. Gregory........................ I O 4 O 23 33 - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Helen Sinclair ................................................ 2 O 7 o 25 3) - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * Sketches of Modern Life .................................... 2 O 7 o 25 33 - " " " - s • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Tale of the Times ............................................. 3 O I 2 O 53 3 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Castle of St. Donats.......................................... 3 O IO 6 33 E. Helme........................ Albert, a Novel ................................................ 4 O I4. O I8OO A. Thicknesse.................. The School of Fashion ....................................... 2 O I2 O 33 Anonymous...................... A Northumbrian Tale ....................................... I o 4 6 33 Mrs. Robinson ſº tº e s : s a The Natural Daughter ....................................... 2 O 7 O 32 Anonymous..................... Selina, a Novel ................................................ 3 O IO 6 33 Miss Gunning .................. The Gipsey Countess.......................................... 4. O I4. O 33 Anonymous..................... Exhibitions of the Heart .................................... 4 I I O 33 C. Selden........................ Serena ............................................................ 3 o Io 6 18OI Anonymous..................... The Castle of Eridan.......................................... I O 4 6 23 33 - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Picture of the Age ....................................... 2 o 6 O 22 Mrs. Burke ..................... Elliot, a Novel ................................................ 2 o 8 O 25 P. Littlejohn .................. The Mistake ................................................... 3 O I2 O 33 Anonymous..................... Adonia, a Novel................................................ 4. o 18 O 33 M. A. Hanway ............... Andrew Stuart ................................................ 4 O 18 O 1802 Miss Hatfield .................. She Lives in Hopes, &c. .................................... 2 O 9 O 33 Anonymous..................... Belmont, a Novel ............................................. 3 O IO 6 39 Anne Plumtree ............... Something New ; or, Adventures at Campbell House... 3 O I5 O 25 H. Ventum ..................... Justinia, a Novel ..... ... .................................... 4. O 18 O 33 Mrs. Hunter .................. Letitia, a Novel ................................................ 4 I I O 1803 Anonymous..................... Lucy Osmond................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I O 3 O 33 Eliza N. Bromley ............ The Cave of Cosenza.................... * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * , , , 2 O I2 O 33 Anonymous..................... Lady Geraldine Beaufort .................................... 3 O IO 6 35 Mrs. Hunter .................. Letters from Mrs. Palmerston, &c......................... 3 O I5 O : 3 Anonymous..................... Follies of Fashion ............................................. 3 o 13 6 23 33 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Helen of Glenross ............................................. 4. O 16 o 1804 25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Leopold ; or, the Bastard.................................... 2 o 8 O 33 25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . Letters of Mrs. Riversdale ........................ ... . . . . . . 3 o 13 6 2 3 Eugenia de Acton ............ A Tale without a Title ....................................... 3 O I2 O 23 Anonymous..................... Pride of Ancestry ............................................. 4. o 16 O 33 Mrs. Thomson.................. St. Clair of the Isles .......................................... 4. O I4. O 1805 Mrs. Hunter .................. The Unexpected Legacy .................................... 2 O 9 O 33 Mary Goldsmith............... Casualities ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. 2 O 6 O 22 Mrs. Le Noir .................. Village Anecdotes ............................................. 3 O I2 O 3) A. M. Porter .................. The Lake of Killarney ....................................... 3 o 13 6 33 Anonymous..................... What You Please, &c. ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. o 16 o 33 M. Malden ..................... Jessica Mandeville............................................. 5 o 17 6 I806 Anonymous..................... - Belville House ............................................. ... 2 O 8 O 23 35 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A Sailor's Friendship ....................................... 2 O 8 O 33 33 - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Flim Flams, &c................................................. 3 I I O 35 Mrs. Opie ..................... Adeline Mowbray ............................................. 3 o 13 6 33 Eliz. Helme..................... Pilgrim of the Cross.......................................... 4. O 18 O 33 R. C. Dallas .................. The Morlands................................................... 4. I I O 1807 F. Lathom ..................... The Impenetrable Secret .................................... 2 o 6 O 33 Robert Semple ............... Charles Ellis ................................................... 2 O 9 O 35 Mrs. Edgworth ............... Lenora...........• * * * g e s e e s tº e º e s - a • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2 o IO 6. 33 J. Mackintosh ............... Men and Women ............................................. 3 o 13 6 93. Mrs. Opie ..................... Simple Tales .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 I I O 33 M. A. Lewis .................. Feudal Tyrants ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 I 8 O 1808 M. Rymer ..................... The Spaniard, &c. ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I O 4 O 92 Anonymous..................... Helen, a Novel ................................................ 2 o Io 6 22 39 & B tº º e º 'º - e º a º - G tº a c e º e & George the Third ............................................. 3 o 13 6. WOL. W. K.  ## p. 96 (#110) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. Wear. Author, Title. Wols. Price. 1808 Anonymous................ © e º e e Theodore; or, the Enthusiast .............................. 4. I I O 3? Madame Genlis ............... Alphonsine, &c. ................................................ 4 I 8 O 1809 || Anonymous..................... Theodore; or, the Peruvians .............................. I o 4 6 22 F. Lathom ..................... The Fatal Wow ................................................ 2 O 9 O 33 J. N. Brewer .................. Mountville Castle ............................................. 3 O I5 O 33 G. Amphlett .................. Ned Bentley ................................................... 3 O I5 O 33 Peter Peregrine ............... Matilda Montford ............................................. 4. I I O 33 Miss M. Linwood ............ Leicestershire Tales .......................................... 4. I I O 1810 Anonymous..................... Faulconstein Forest .......................................... I O 6 6 25 92 - e s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Calibia, Choosing a Husband .............................. 2 O IO O 55 Miss Edgeworth............... Tales of Fashionable Life.................................... 3 O 18 O 33 Anonymous.......... * . . . . . . . . . . The Acceptance................................................ 3 o 18 o 33 Harriet Jones.................. The Family of Santraile ..................... .............. 4 I 4 O 35 Alicia T. Palmer............... The Daughters of Isonberg ................................. 4 I 4 O 33 F. Melville ..................... The Benevolent Monk ....................................... 3 o 13 6 25 Anne Ormsby.................. The Soldier's Family... ...................................... 4 I 6 O 35 Anonymous............... ..... “Frederick” ................................................... 2 O I 2 O 181 I C. H. Wilson .................. The Irish Valet ....................................... ........ I O 5 O 35 Anonymous..................... The Reformist ................................................ 2 O IO O 33 23 ° - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Self Control ................................................... 3 I 4 O 33 Theodore Edgeworth ......... The Shipwreck ................................................ 3 O I5 O 35 Emma Parker.................. Virginia, &c. ................................................... 4. I 4 O 1812 Mrs. Roberts ................. Rose and Emily................................................ I o 5 6 33 Anonymous..................... Things by their Right Names .............................. 2 O IO 6 33 33 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rhydisel; or, the Devil in Oxford ........................ 2 O Io 6 32 23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Adventures of Dick Distich ................................. 3 O 16 6 33 Mrs. Opie ..................... Tempter ; or, Domestic Scenes ........................... 3 I I O 35 Ann Plumtree.................. History of Myself and Friend .............................. 4 I 8 O 1813 Anonymous .................... The Sisters, a Domestic Tale .............................. I O 5 O 55 Miss Benger .................. The Heart and the Fancy........................... ........ 2 O I 2 O 35 Anonymous..................... She Thinks for Herself ....................................... 3 o 16 6 92 Mrs. Peck ..................... Waga ; or, View of Nature ................................. 3 O 18 O 93 Miss Burney .................. Traits of Nature................................................ 4. I 8 O 1814 Anonymous..................... Sara, a Tale ............... 6 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * I o 5 6 33 W. H. Hitchener ............ The Towers of Ravenswold ................................. 2 O IO O 32 Anonymous..................... The Adventures of a Dramatist ........................... 2 O I 2 O 33 Lady Morgan .................. O'Donnel, a National Tale ................................. 3 I I O 33 Miss Houghton ...... ..... .. The Border Chieftain.......................................... 3 O 18 O 95 Maria Edgeworth ............ Patronage, a Novel .......................................... 4. I 8 O 1815 Maria Benson .................. System or no System.......................................... I O 6 O 22 John Gamble .................. Howard, a Novel ............................................. 2 O 9 O 35 Sir Walter Scott...... . . . . . . . . . Guy Mannering ................................................ 3 I I O 23 Emma Parker.................. The Guerrilla Chief .............................. ........... 3 I I O 25 Anonymous..................... History of John de Castro ................................. 4 I 4 O 33 Ann M. Porter ............... The Recluse of Norway....................................... 4 I 4 O 1816 Anonymous..................... A Tale for Gentle and Simple .............................. I o 7 o 95 23 ° - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Adventures of Peter Wilkins .............................. 2 o Io 6 33 Mrs. Opie ..................... Valentine's Eve ................................................ 3 I I O 35 T. S. Surr ..................... Magic of Wealth ............................................. 3 O 18 O 32 Anonymous..................... Chronicles of an Illustrious House ........................ 5 I 7 6 33 23 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s Clara Albin........ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * , , , s a s 4. I 8 O 1817 33 ° e º s • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Headlong Hall ..................... ... ............. ......... I O 6 o 93. Emma Parker.................. Self Deception .......................................... . ... 2 O I 2 O 35 Anonymous..................... Melincourt, &c. ............ ............................. ..... 3 O 18 O 53 3 x * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Six Weeks at Long's.................................... . ... 3 I I O 35 Fanny Holcroft ............... Fortitude and Frailty * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s g g a s e e 4. I 2 O 33 Anonymous..................... The Pastor's Fireside * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . e. e. 4 I I I 6 1818 Eliz. B. Lester ............... The Quakers ............... ....................... ... ........ I O 6 o 33 Anonymous..................... Northern Irish Tales............... .. • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e s e 2 O I 2 O 2) }} • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Manners, a Novel .............................. ... ........... 3 O 18 O 33 Anna M. Porter ............... The Knight of St. John ... ... ........... ................. 3 I I O 33 Mrs. Opie ..................... New Tales ...................................................... 4 I 8 O 35 By the Earl of Erpingham... Some Account of Myself ............ .....,.............. .. 4 I 2 O 33 Anonymous..... tº s e º e º e s a s a e º e a e Rosabella ; or, Mother's Marriage ......,,................ 5 I IO O 1819 33 - " " " " " : * * * * * * * * * * * * s a Conidans, &c,.................. . . ........................... I o 7 O 25 Madame Planche ,,,,,,,,, A Year and a Day... ................... i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 O I2 O  ## p. 97 (#111) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 97 Year. Author. Title, Wols. Price, 1819 Anonymous..................... Errors and their Consequences.............................. 2 O I3 O 35 Miss Porter..................... The Fast of St. Magdalen......................... 3 I I O 22 Miss Croker .................. The Question, Who is Anna P .............................. 3 I 4 O 33 Mrs. Robert Moore............ Eveleen Mountjoy ............................................. 4. I 4 O 182O M. A. Grant .................. Tales Founded on Facts .................................... I O 7 O 29 Anonymous..................... The Retreat ................................................... 2 O I 2 O 22 A. Marmacopt.................. The Wharbroke Legend....................................... 2 O 14 O 33 Sir Walter Scott............... The Abbot ...................................................... 3 I 4 O 35 Mrs. Opie ..................... Tales of the Heart............................................. 4. I 8 O 32 R. C. Dallas .................. Sir Francis Darrell............................................. 4. I 8 O 33 Anonymous..................... The Mystery of Forty Years Ago ........................ 3 I I O 1821 H. B. Gascoigne............... Sympathy, &c. ............... ................................ I O 5 O 32 J. H. Brady .................. The Spanish Rogue .......................................... 2 O I5 O 95 Anonymous..................... Concealment ......................... # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s a e s s 3 I I O 95 Lee Gibbons .................. The Cavalier ................................................... 3 I I O 39 Anonymous..................... A Legend of Argyle .............................. . ......... 3 I I O 1822 Sir Walter Scott ............ The Pirate ...................................................... . 3 I I I 6 53 Charlotte C. Richardson ... The Soldier's Child ... ....................................... 2 O I 2 O 22 Anonymous..................... Maid Marian ................................................... I o 7 o 33 James Hogg .................. Three Perils of Man .......................................... 3 I 4 O 33 Anonymous..................... Pen Owen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I II 6 33 Sir Walter Scott..... ......... Peveril of the Peak ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 2 2 O 1823 Anonymous..................... A New England Tale.......................................... I o 6 o 3? 35 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Which is the Heroine P....................................... 2 O I 2 O 33 33 s • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Confederate................................................ 3 I I O 39 99 • * * * * * * * * e & © tº a 9 tº e º e º e King of the Peak ................................ ............ 3 I I O 33 Sir Walter Scott............... Quentin Durward ............................................. 3 I I I 6 33 Anonymous..................... Reginald Dalton................................................ 3 I I I 6 1824 35 s • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Stranger's Grave ....................................... I O 6 O 33 Geo. Soane ..................... The Outcasts ................................................... 2 o 16 O 2 3 Geo. Butt........................ The Spanish Daughter ....................................... 2 o 16 o 35 Anonymous..................... Trials, a Novel ................................................ 3 I I O 2 3 Sir Walter Scott............... Red Gauntlet ................................................... 3 I I I 6 33 3.5 s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * St. Roman's Well ............................................. 3 I I I 6 1825 B. D'Israeli..................... Vivian Grey ................................................... 2 O 18 O 23 Anonymous..................... Matilda, a Tale of the Day .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I O IO 6 33 33 • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Story of a Life .......................................... 2 o 18 o 35 35 • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Foresters................................................... 3 I 7 O 23 5 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Tremaine; or, Man of Refinement ........................ 3 I 4 O 5 § Sir Walter Scott.............., Tales of the Crusaders ....................................... 4. 2 2 O 92 H. Willis........................ Castle Baynard ................................................ I O 8 O 35 T. Lister........................ Granby ......................................................... 3 I I I 6 25 H. Smith........................ Brambletye House .............................. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I I I 6 1826 Anonymous..................... Sir John Chiverton, a Romance ........................... I O IO 6 33 33 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Truth, a Novel ................................................ 3 I 4 O 33 Allan Cunningham............ Paul Jones ...................................................... 3 I I I 6 35 33 - e s • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Tor Hill, a Novel ....................................... 3 I I I 6 1827 33 e s , , s a s • * * * * * * * * * * * * * Falkland, a Novel............................................. I o Io 6 35 23 ° • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Confessions of an Old Bachelor ........................... I o Io 6 35 32 - . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Belmour, a Novel ..................... ....................... 2 O 18 O 33 39 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - English Fashionables Abroad ........................... & e & 3 I I I 6 33 35 • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Historiettes, Tales of Continental Life .................. 3 I I I 6 32 33 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Richmond, &c., a Novel .................................... 3 I I I 6 1828 Sir Walter Scott............... Tales of a Grandfather....................................... I o Io 6 33 Anonymous..................... Yes or No, a Novel .......................................... 2 I I O 92 35 . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Confessions of an Old Maid .............. .................. 3 I 8 6 35 25 - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Herbert Lacy, a Novel ................................... ... 3 I I I 6 33 35 • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Tales and Legends.............. .............................. 3 I II 6 35 33 - e s • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * De Lisle; or, the Distrustful Man ........................ 3 I I I 6 93 35 e s • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Herbert Milton ............................................. tº & & 3 I I I 6 1830 Marryatt........................ The King's Own................................................ 3 I I I 6 25 Ritchie........................... The Game of Life ............................................. 2 O 18 O 22 E. Lane ........................ The Fugitives................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I O 9 O 1835 Sir E. B. Lytton............... The Student .................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 I I O 39 Anonymous..................... Agnes Searle ................................................... 3 I II 6 ?? ?? * * * * * * * * * * * * Finesse, a Novel * c s , , , , , , , , , , , , , a t w w w w • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2 I I Q  ## p. 98 (#112) ############################################# 98 THE AUTHOR. Year. Author. Title. Wols. Price. 1840 G. P. R. James ............... The King's Highway................................. ........ 3 I I I 6 1841 Anonymous..................... Bllen Braye; or, the Fortune Teller ..................... 2 I I O 1845 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mary Aston..................... * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * I O 6 O 35 D. Lister........................ College Chums ................................................ 2 I I O 33 G. P. R. James ............... The Smuggler............................ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3 I I I 6 1850 Anonymous..................... Shadow and Sunshine ...................... ................. I O 6 O 33 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Silwood, a Novel ............................................. 2 I I O 35 P. Leicester..................... Ada Greville ................................................... 3 I I I 6 I86o Capt. Wraxall.................. Camp Life ...................................................... I O IO 6 32 Anonymous..................... Hulse House, by the Author of Anne Grey............... 2 I I O 2 3 F. J. Greenwood ............ Under a Cloud ................................................ 3 I I I 6 If we analyse this list the following facts are established: 1. From 1750 to 1792 inclusive the ruling price of a novel was 3s. a volume, so that a four-volume novel was 12s. and a three-volume novel was 98. Occasionally, however, there is observed a tendency to cheaper forms, as in 1790, when there occur two cases of novels at 2s. 6d. a volume. This price was “net;” there was no reduction or discount to the public. The novels of this period were for the most part very short; now and then, as in the case of “Tom Jones” and “Peregrine Pickle,” they were long; as a rule they were much shorter than the modern Three-Decker. . 2. In the year 1793 there is a sign of an upward tendency. A single volume book is announced at 4s. Then for three or four years the old price is maintained. In 1796 Mary Robinson’s “Angelina.” is priced at 4s. 6d. a volume, and “Agatha,” whatever her merits may have been, appears at 4s. a volume. In 1797 3s. 6d. and 4s. are the rule. In 1798 the old price is forgotten. In 1799 nothing is under 3s. 6d. In 1800 prices range from 3s. 6d., 4s. 6d., 5s. 3d., to 6s. a volume. In 18O1, nothing is higher than 4.s. 6d. In 1802 we range from 4s. 6d. to 5s. 3d. The same prices are asked in 1803, 1804, 1805. of “Flim Flams ” asks 7s. a piece for his volumes. A common form is now the four- volume novel at a guinea. Here and there, all the time, we find the old price of 3s. In 1807 Lewis’s “Feudal Tyrants” is issued in four volumes at £1 8s. In 1808 Mdme. Genlis' “Euphrosyne” is published in four volumes at the same price. In 1809 and 18 IO 6s. a volume is the rule. In 181 I an Anonymous issues a three-volume novel at £I 4s.--we are getting very close to the guinea and a half. From 1812 to 1821 prices range from 6s. to 8s. a volume. In 1822 for the first time occurs the ominous price of a guinea and a half. There may be earlier cases, but the first discovered by Mr. In 1806 the author English was that of Sir Walter Scott's “Pirate,” in three volumes. In the same year “Peveril of the Peak” was published in four volumes at 282 2s., viz., half a guinea for every volume. From 1823 to 1830 one-volume novels are issued at 6s, and at Ios. 6d., but by far the larger at the latter price. Two-volume novels appear at 12s., 16s., 18s., and a guinea. Three- volume novels at a guinea, 31 48., 31 7s., and 31 IIs. 6d. That is, out of twenty-one three volume novels on this list fifteen are at a guinea. and a half, two at £1 8s. 6d., one at £I 7s., two at £1 4s., and one at a guinea. From the year 1825 to 1860 the price of half a guinea for every volume was the rule, with here and there a rare exception. Of late years there have been many experiments in price and form. Certain well-known writers have never produced a three-volume novel at all; the price of the single volume has become a uniform 6s., exactly double the price a hundred years ago. The first appearance of the cheap edition seems to have been the series of novels issued by Messrs. Colburn and Bentley in 1831, called “Bentley’s Standard Novels and Romances,” at 2s. 6d. each. Of this series the Athenæum of that date says: “If these works do not succeed, and eminently, it is no use catering honestly for the public. These are among the very best and cheapest ever issued from the press.” The first appearance of the six-shilling novel seems to have been in 1861, when Messrs. Blackwood and Sons published at that price George Eliot’s “Silas Marner.” Others followed at the same price, and the London publishers, as Bentley and Son, Sampson Low, &c., speedily began to publish at the same price. The second and cheap edition of the novel, in regular succession, either at 6s. Or 3s. 6d., or less, is a thing of not more than thirty years’ existence. The old rule was one form of publication, either serially or in three-volume form, and then an end. Until the year 1865 or thereabouts, if a novel  ## p. 99 (#113) ############################################# THE AUTHOR. 99 appeared in a magazine, that was its first and final appearance. The two-shilling novel, for which Miss Braddon is chiefly responsible, began the cheap edition. But the ordinary successful novelist did not, as a rule, look forward to a cheap edition of his story, however well it was received by the public, and there were critics who spoke of a reprint, even if it contained an acknowledgment of the journal from which it was taken, as if the publisher and the author were committing some kind of fraud upon the public in presenting old Wares a,S new. The rise in price from 3s. to half a guinea a volume may perhaps be explained by more than one theory. Perhaps the following explanation may find acceptance : The rise in price begins towards the close of the last century. For nearly a quarter of a century the country was engaged in a deadly contest for life and liberty. This contest demanded the most cruel sacrifices. Therefore, although the seas were kept pretty well open and a great part of our foreign trade remained with us, the taxation fell heavily on all classes, but most heavily on that class which then formed the great bulk of readers —the clergy and the professional people. The examples of Edinburgh, Lichfield, Exeter, Norwich, and other places illustrate the importance of the literary circles—some of them containing men of great literary ability—which had sprung up all over the country. The members of these coteries, perforce, ceased to buy books; they formed book clubs and circulating libraries. The natural result of the narrowed circulation was a rise in price. From 3s. a volume the novel became gradually, as we have seen, half a guinea. And this price con- tinued, because the people had lost the habit of buying books, and, though the book clubs fell to pieces and the literary coteries were broken up, the habit of reading remained and was extended more and more, while the central circulating library took the place of the country book club and supplied the reading, the demand for which far exceeded, and still exceeds, the purchasing power of the people. *- r= - - THE AUTUMN ANNOUNCEMENTS, HEY have already begun in the Athenæum. The number for August 25 contains the autumn lists of four publishers. It is proposed to analyse and classify these lists as was done last year in these columns. This classifica- tion cannot be complete before the end of October or perhaps later. Meantime, with thirty-five WOL. W. new books and new editions announced by Messrs. Longman; fifty-four by Messrs. Chatto and Windus; seventeen by Messrs. Chambers; and four by Messrs. Putnam, we make a good beginning. At present we may only observe that, as appears from these lists, the three-volume novel is not dead yet. *- - -º ON “WARNINGS AND ADVICE.” CORRESPONDENT addresses a letter to the editor which seems to demand especial attention. He writes to this effect : “I read your paper regularly from beginning to end. It afflicts me, every month, with a pro- found melancholy on account of your “Warnings and Advice.’ They may be most useful, for those who can follow them. I cannot. I am one of those whose first desire is to get my work pub- lished at all. Why? Because I have a message for the world? Not at all. But because I can write things of a kind which command a certain, but not a great, success. My line is the novel, but there are many others, like myself, though in other lines, who can produce work which gets bought, somehow, to some small extent. They write readable essays; ‘ historical’ chapters, cribbed from recent investigations in the Record Office and elsewhere; concocted out of old books in a library, and made to look something like work of Original research among unpublished documents; biographies of half-forgotten celebrities; poetry. But the poets are not quite up to my level, for they have to pay for their things; I want my work published, and not at my own cost. I want, also, to be known in my own circle as a man of letters. It gives one a certain distinction to have produced one book and to be engaged upon another. My vanity is, I believe, the leading motive. But, besides, I always have a suspicion that my work may be worth large sums of money, and I naturally want all I can get, and more. So that I go to my publisher, first and above all things, anxious that he should take my stuff; next, suspicious of his terms; and, lastly, afraid to stipulate any conditions. As for independence, I really haven’t any. I am in his hands; he makes me feel that he is obliging me. Not that he is insolent ; he is even kindly ; sometimes he makes me miserable by telling me how much he loses by his authors; sometimes he makes me mad by little condescensions and words of patronage. Always, of course, I am to be the obliged and grateful party in the business. I am never, as you desire me to be, independent of him. He will very kindly take my work ; he will very I.  ## p. 100 (#114) ############################################ I OO THE AUTHOR. nobly, though he says he is certain to be a loser by it, make me an offer. He has produced half-a-dozen books of my mine; on every one he says he has lost; yet he is always ready to take another. There- fore, as he is a business man, I do not believe him. But I don’t dare tell him so. What have your warnings and your information done for me P. Well, they have proved clearly that, even with my limited sale, the gratitude should be on his side, not mine. As a (hitherto) grateful dependant on this disinterested Patron, it is gall and wormwood to me to learn what his agreement really means, and what it is that I have had to accept. Your “Warnings and Advice’ are fourteen in number; they are all practical; they are all, I dare say, to other people, useful. But, alas ! they are of no use to me, because I am Quite unable to adopt any of them. I might, it is true, go so far as to stamp the agreement—I don’t think he would find it out—but the nature of the document makes it quite un- necessary for me. The other man can stamp his, if he likes, but it seems unnecessary. Then, again, I might take your advice about a literary agent, but I fear that my commercial value at the best is not great enough to make any agent anxious to have me as a client—my last book, produced on the half-profit plan, showed a loss of eleven pounds, eleven and eightpence. As regards “future work, my Patron has not yet tried to bind me down; but he would do so, I dare say, if he thought of it. And as for drawing the agreement myself, or reserving anything, or having a say in the advertisements, I think I see my Patron's face if I dared to suggest anything of the kind. One poor man, a friend in the same line as myself, and of about equal commercial value, ventured once to suggest to his Patron that he might have the accounts of the joint venture audited. “What?’ cried the Patron, “do you think I mean to cheat you ?’ The retort was obvious ; there can be but one reason for your partner hiding his books; but my friend did not dare to make use of it. I myself on one occasion when a royalty was offered—I will not lower myself in your eyes by confessing the amount of that royalty or the number of copies which had to be sold before the royalty began—ventured to ask Smilingly—it was a hollow, forced smile, I fear —what share of profit the proposed arrange- ment might leave to the other side. He replied, icily, that he must really be allowed to manage nis property—he called it his property—in his own way, and it was no affair of mine whether he lost or gained. Most likely, he added, pump- ing up a sigh, he should be a very heavy loser. “In plain words, I am entirely dependent on my publisher. He gives me exactly what he chooses; I must accept or go elsewhere. And where should I go? Your advice is excellent, in fact, to those whose books are commercially valu- able. For the rank and file I submit that it is unpractical.” That the writer's position is such as he describes one need not doubt. That he is one of many in the same position we know too well. That the position is one of necessity is another question. For, if we consider, very nearly the whole business of the smaller publisher—and of all publishers except a few large houses—lies with the writers of the day, and of these by far the greater number, like our correspondent, possess individually but little commercial value. Yet, taken together, they may be very valuable, because every one represents a certain amount of gain to the publisher, otherwise his books would not be produced, and one or two among them, especially among the younger sort, may at any moment become popular and very valuable indeed. If such a writer, then, would offer his next work on our conditions to his friend the “Patron,” he would probably find it indignantly refused. He could then try elsewhere, and here the Society might possibly help him. But if all such writers—all that very large class of writers whose works possess some commercial value, however small—demanded such conditions, the result would be — must be — submission and acceptance. For, since our conditions involve nothing in the world that can be considered derogatory to the publisher, nothing unfair, nothing out of the common course, nothing but the common sense of an ordinary business trans- action, and nothing more than the Ordinary pre- cautions with which one person admits another to the management of, or partnership in, his property, it stands to reason that opposition would disappear as soon as it was found impossible or difficult to get such agency or such partnership without these conditions. The “warnings and advice,” on the other hand, to those whose work is in demand are so simple that it is their own fault if they do not stipulate for their observance. For instance, in the common case of a royalty, the “warnings” numbered respectively (I), (3), (4), (7), (8), (II), and (I2) are the only points necessary to be observed, and of these especially numbers (4), (8), (II), and (I2). Next, it must be remembered that the business of the Society is to defend literary property, and to show how it must be defended. If writers will not trouble to defend their property because it is of small value that is their concern. We  ## p. 101 (#115) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. IO I tell them, at least, how they may estimate its possibilities, and how they may guard and keep their own. In defence of other kinds of property, the law does not permit the invasion of its rights where the value is small any more than when it is large. A pocket must not be picked of a handkerchief any more than of a watch. Nor should a literary agreement over a small property be more unfair than one over a large property. There is another way of looking at it. The one-sided old I oper cent. royalty; the penny in the shilling; the 20 per cent. when 5000 copies (say) have been sold ; and many other of the tricks which we know so well—if they are now tried with even the youngest and most dependent writer, are tried with the consciousness that they have been exposed; that the victim can ascertain for himself the reality of his position; and that, dependent as he may be for the moment, should the day of success arrive when his works would become by themselves an income to his pub- lishers, he will certainly go elsewhere. The Society has rendered many of the old “dodges * impossible by ascertaining and publishing what is really meant by the mysterious Cost of Production. To return to the class represented by our cor- respondent. They want to publish, very often, because they believe that their work is “as good as other people’s.” This desire overcomes, as is apparent from this letter, every other considera- tion. In order to be published they will accept any terms. This desire, therefore, makes the author a supplicant and a dependant. He invites a one- sided offer. If he refuses it the chances are that he is not worth much, and he is told to go elsewhere. On the other hand, if he is a young man, it is possible that he may become a success, in which case it is, perhaps, wiser to treat him with fairness, as a client whose business is desirable. This consideration smoothes the way to a better understanding. Here is a very simple rule. Such a writer generally avoids the leading Houses, thinking foolishly that he will do better with the smaller Houses—and forgetting that there is but one public. Let him, therefore, before going to one of the smaller Houses examine its lists. If he finds that it can show only one or two works of any popular author, and those his earliest works, let him ask why this popular author left this House. Naturally, because he was, or thought he was, unfairly treated. Then let this young writer make up his mind to avoid a House which cannot keep its clients. On the other hand, a House which has long lists of popular authors is, primá facie, one which acts so as to retain the confidence of writers. But if a writer considers that warning which stands last in our list, he will do well, either by a man of business or in person, to address a publisher as one business man with another. “Here,” he will say, “is a work which I believe to be a possible property, even if a small property. If your advisers also think so, is it worth your while to undertake its production on the following terms P I contribute the work itself; you contribute the liability to pay the difference, if any, between the actual cost of production and the demand for the book. You also undertake the distribution, collection, &c.; in return for which you shall have such a share of the profits as may be agreed upon as equitable. The partnership is to be quite open, as between two honourable men ; books always accessible ; nothing charged but out of pocket expenses; the proposed list of advertisements to be arranged with me : and, of course, no secret profits of any kind.” Such a letter, at all events, would not be the letter of a dependant. And the answer would probably show the true character of the publisher to whom it was addressed. NOTES AND NEWS, Rº: of the Author will rejoice to learn that Mr. Robert Sherard is about to resume his Letters from Paris in these columns. Arrangements have also been made for a Letter from New York, on American Literature and Literary Folk. The former letter will begin, it is hoped, next month ; the latter in November or December. Mr. Strachey's paper in the National Review for August, on the Heroic Couplet in English verse, indicates a new line of critical research, which will, I hope, be followed up either by Mr. Strachey or by other competent scholars. The construction—the structure—of English poetry, not the lives of the poets, or criticisms on their works, but the origin, growth, and development of its many metres, has never, so far as I know, been seriously and adequately treated. Mr. Strachey's paper is only a chapter, and that an imperfect chapter, on one branch of the subject. Where did Chaucer find his favourite metre P Why did he choose that metre in preference to the shorter line most common in the fabliaua, or the longer line which was used by his friend Eustache Deschamps? Where did Skelton find—or did he invent—his short metre P How was it that the six-foot line failed to hold its own? Sonnet, blank verse, ode, lyrical ballad, song—every branch of poetry down  ## p. 102 (#116) ############################################ I O2 THE AUTHOR. to the new-old metres of modern versifiers—the ballade, triolet, villanelle, chanson royale—which seem to have had their day. Again, there is the splendid music of Swinburne. Is there anything, anywhere, in the history of poetry, which can compare with his march of song P Can there be any verse, anywhere, to which he owes anything P Such a paper as Mr. Strachey's takes time and reading and scholarship. Therefore it is rare. I have received from America the First Part of “The Art of Short Story Writing.” It is only a typewritten part, and I am earnestly begged to guard it from being published in this country. It would therefore be unfair to quote from the pages, or to set forth the methods and plan of the book, or to express any opinion upon the treatment or the literary value of the book, or its probable usefulness to beginners. The author of the work prefers to remain anonymous, which is perhaps wise. Many writers, seeing the terrible mistakes and the waste of good material committed by beginners in their first attempts, have thought that a school of fiction might do useful preliminary training work just as well as a school of painting. The anonymous author of this work, which will be issued by “the Revised Literary Bureau,” of New York, declares him- self strongly of this opinion. The first and obvious objection to such a school is that every- body so far has got on without it. Quite true. On the other hand, how many would have got on more quickly and better with it P. How many, again, would have been deterred from entering upon a line of work for which they had no ability? There is in the construction, the arrangement, the setting, the dialogue of a novel, as much art asthere is in the grouping of a picture, the management of the light, &c. This truth, which is perfectly well known to all those who have studied, and intelli- gently attempted, the art of fiction, has been denied, or derided, by those who write on the subject without any study of it or any sympathy with it. It may be objected that those who have the natural aptitude will find out these things for themselves. Perhaps they will ; perhaps they will not; perhaps it will take them years of work and partial failure, with the sacrifice of their best materials. Of course, those who have not the natural gift will never be able to use, even if they find out, the true methods. Why, then, teach them P. We cannot create a story teller, any more than a poet, by teaching; but we may stop at the outset those who are certain, to fail; we may teach the methods, and put into the right line the rank and file of the story tellers; and we may save genius itself from blunders and from disappointments. Another objection, however, less obvious, presents itself. After going to such a school the candidate who failed would most certainly throw the whole blame of failure upon the school. It would therefore be mecessary for the lecturers and teachers to be very ready with their warnings. He must be a stupid person, however, who was unable in six months to find out whether a student would fail or succeed. We now await the American treatise. Every year, as regularly as the showers of August, appears the letter complaining of the bold bad smuggler who imports Tauchnitz editions in his pockets. The whole family, girls and all, enter with zeal into the smuggling business; impromptu pockets are devised in feminine garments; men’s coats are found to contain stowage room pre- viously unsuspected; a successful run is made ; and the family shelves are enriched with another row of Tauchnitz books. They have been bought at half the cost of the English edition, you see. Cheapness before anything. These books, more- over, are openly sold in this country; one may sometimes see rows of them in the secondhand shops. What is to be done P. It is impossible to touch the conscience of the traveller homeward bound. He will not smuggle lace, because he understands that lace is property—it is visible property—he must not defraud the revenue; literary property he does not understand—he cannot see it. Here is a book—why cannot he take the book home with him P Because the law prohibits? Nonsense; it can hurt nobody. It is impossible to make him see that to import this book is an infringement of right; a robbery of author or publisher, or both. Therefore some- thing else must be attempted. What? Let us take counsel together. There must surely be some way of preventing the smuggling of books. Now the rough and ready way by which dockyard labourers are prevented from stealing dockyard stores might be attempted. Wardens of the yard stand at the gates and feel the men as they pass. An expert hand would detect a Tauchnitz in the coat pocket. And a substantial fine judiciously and sternly administered would do the rest. But perhaps some other method might be suggested. - We referred last month to the critic who desires the reduction of three volumes to one, because we should then get a shorter novel. I have before me two novels, each in one volume. One is called “Marcella," and the other “The Manxman.” The former contains about 28O,OOO words, and is therefore twice as long as the ordinary three-volume novel; the latter contains  ## p. 103 (#117) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. IO3 about 236,000 words, and is therefore half as large again. No ; we shall not necessarily get our novels any shorter when they are published in orie volume; and, as was said last month, a book may be very short and yet very ill-con- structed. It is well known that Mr. Hall Caine deliberately resolved to try the result of appealing to the public at once with his new novel “The Manxman.” The following was the result, pub- lished here with the author's sanction, eight days before the day of issue:— Mudie's subscription .......... IOOO Smith’s 35 ............... 200 Smith's railway stalls............ ... 2COO The trade, &c. ..................... 4OOO Separate Colonial edition ......... 5OOO Total, I 2,260, before the book was out. Now, it must be remembered that Izoo, or even looo, is a very large subscription for a three-volume novel. The publishers’ immediate returns, therefore, are probably more than doubled by the new system. Everybody, however, it is objected, is not so popular as Mr. Hall Caine. That is quite true. The figures must therefore be taken to show what may be meant by a popular work, and they certainly do carry encouragement to those who believe in going to the whole public of readers in the first instance. Since this was written the Athenaeum (Aug. 25) states that the first edition of 20,000 “ ran low ’’ in a fortnight. We have been accused of encouraging persons who have not the faintest chance of achieving either kind of literary reputation—that is, reputation for literary style, or popularity—to believe that figures such as these may apply to themselves. Disappointment most probably awaits those sanguine persons, But is it not the same in other professions P. The freshman from the country grammar school goes up to the university dreaming of the Craven, with a first-class and a fellowship to follow. In five or six years he has found his place as a third-class man and an assistant master in his old school. The young barrister recognises the splendid prizes of his profession and dreams of becoming a leader, a Q.C., a judge, a Lord Chancellor. Why should not the young writer in the same way dream of vast popularity ? Meantime, as the Society is in existence mainly for the defence of literary pro- perty, is it not necessary to show what literary property means ? A paper on the “Art of the Novelist,” by the late Amelia B, Edwards, is published in the August number of the Contemporary. The paper bears the appearance of being unfinished, or, at least, uncorrected, being out of proportion, covering too much ground, and generally “un- workmanlike.” But, for one thing, it is valuable. The author speaks out strongly on behalf of a novelist whom we seem to be forgetting, viz., Anthony Trollope. His works will perhaps be read again, but not until the time comes when the society of this century has become the study of the historian. Then, indeed, Trollope will be found a mine of wealth for the ideas, the habits, the prejudices of that kind of society — the higher middle class — which he drew so well. Perhaps no novelist has ever understood his own generation better than Trollope. Dickens knew the lower middle class; Trollope knew the class above — the gentlefolk of the country town; the clergy; the country people; the professionals. . Last year in America. I met a lady—a lady no longer young—a lady of reading and culture— who declared to me that, in her opinion, whatever might be said to the contrary, Trollope was the first English novelist of this century. Trollope's greatest vogue was in the Sixties. When he died —was it not in 1879 P−he had not outlived his reputation, because there were millions who remembered his work, but his circle of readers had wofully diminished. Those of us who remember the Sixties can recall the joy with which his novels were received, one after the other; the firm drawing; the clearly outlined portrait— all his figures were types; the individuality of the author who owed nothing to any predecessor. Thinking over these things, I understood what that American lady meant. And here is Amelia B. Edwards, after her death, speaking to us to much the same effect. I wonder how a modern young lady would like one of Trollope's novels of the Sixties, with its illustrations — the dumpy girl with her hair in a net, the crinolined skirts, the flat heels, her round face with the great innocent eyes, her honest worship of Man the Superior— ohl so very, very different from her daughter, from the new girl, who defers to no masculine mind, talks on all subjects, writes on all, and carries a latch key ! The testimony of Professor Brander Matthews, of New York (see p. 29), to the working of the American Copyright Act, which we owe to the Daily Chronicle, is extremely valuable. He shows, especially, how the Act has weeded out the reprints of English authors, and encouraged and stimulated American authors, who for the first time find themselves, he says, free from com- petition with stolen goods. Henceforth all the best books will belong to both countries alike;  ## p. 104 (#118) ############################################ IO4 THE AUTHOR. but the bulk of the more popular literature will remain American for the Americans, and British for Britons; in other words, while the writers who can command an audience on both sides of the Atlantic will enjoy the widest audience that was ever granted to any writer in any country, the people for their daily reading will prefer their own folk, their own local setting, and their own dialect. I am pleased to read Professor Matthews’ opinion on the effect of free libraries, because I have always maintained, from my own experience, observation, and conversation with those who know, viz., librarians themselves, pre- cisely the same opinion. As regards the magazines, it is also pleasant to find Professor Matthews practically saying exactly what has been said in the Author. In one or two points he does not speak from know- ledge. For instance, he says that the American weekly paper contains much the same kind of work, and is illustrated in the same way, as our Strand. Obviously he has never seen the illustra- tions of the Strand, or he would not compare them with the terrible things of the American weekly. Again, I doubt his “main" fact; namely, that the American reading public is so much larger than our own. He quotes a circula- tion of 200,000 copies. We can show a circulation of 3OO,OOO copies of this same magazine, the Strand. The questions are, it seems to me— What makes popularity ? Is good work com- patible with popularity ? The example of the American magazines seem to prove that it is— unless, which would be a most humiliating con- fession, we must own that the middle class in this country is below the corresponding class in America in intelligence, taste, and cultivation. WALTER BESANT. *-* → r- - -, PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN AMERICA.” C{INCE writing the notes on English Free S Libraries and the books read by the people who use them, for the number of August, I have received a work by Mr. William J. Fletcher, Librarian of Amherst, on the Public Libraries in America (Columbian Knowledge Series: Sampson Low and Co). This little book supplements the information already gathered concerning our own libraries. The greater part of it is, it is true, devoted to topics belonging to * Public Libraries in America. By William J. Fletcher, M.A., Librarian of Amherst College. London; Sampson Low, Marston, and Co. 1894, librarians, such as classification, cataloguing, pre- servation, distribution, buying, and binding. There are, however, many points of more general interest. For instance, as to the number of public libraries. In the year 1858 there were in the United States no more than IOO libraries, with something like a million volumes altogether. The largest was that of Harvard College, with 70,000 volumes. In 1890 the number of libraries in the country was 4000, the number of volumes amounted altogether to 27,OOO,OOO ; and there were fifty libraries with more than 50,000 volumes each. Moreover, free libraries are multiplying much more rapidly than ever before. Not only are there founded every year many new libraries, but it is found that the old libraries cost more every year to maintain, the growth of a large library being much faster in proportion than that of a small library. Neglected depart- ments are discovered and brought up to date; serial publications have to be continued; the reference department is always increasing. A great deal has been done in the States by private gifts. This book contains a list of donors and donations, including only those of 50,000 dollars and upwards, amounting in all to 17,OOO,OOO dollars, or three and a half million sterling ! How much has been given to free libraries in this country by private persons P The incomes of the hundred largest public libraries are also given in a classified list ; they amount to nearly a million and a half of dollars, or £300,000, but the returns of ten out of the hundred are not complete. The number of free public libraries which contain more than 10,000 volumes does not much exceed one hundred. But in the smaller towns there are a great many libraries as yet quite small, too small to be included in the Government report. The 4ooo libraries above mentioned may be divided roughly as follows: College and school libraries... . 2 OOO Subscription libraries ... 5CO Libraries of societies, &c. . IOOO Free public libraries 5CO The free public libraries are all lending libraries. For instance, in the Newark (New Jersey) library any resident of the town may freely borrow books, under certain conditions to insure the library against loss. This extension of the public library, once introduced, seems essential for its true usefulness. A large number of the libraries are open on Sunday, but not the greater number. Again, there are a large number of special libraries not included in the lists already con- sidered. Almost every State has its Historical Society, which has its library, free and open to  ## p. 105 (#119) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. iO5 any student. There are also the State libraries, which are composed chiefly of law books and public documents, of great use for purposes of reference. And there are the special collections of scientific books. At Washington alone there are nine special libraries, including more than a million volumes, and of the university libraries there are six at least which contain over IOO,OOO volumes each ; that of Harvard alone contains 43O,OOO volumes. What do the people who use these libraries read? This little book gives no lists or details. But it states, what everyone might guess beforehand, that the fiction circulated far exceeds all other classes of books together, “the great majority of readers seeming to care for nothing else.” Not that the American librarian groans over the fact. “This,” he says, “simply shows how great is the demand for reading as recreation. To the masses of the people, hard worked and living humdrum lives, as well as to their pining for something to kill time, the novel comes as an open door into an ideal life, in the enjoyment of which, even in fancy, one may forget the hardships or the tedium of real life.” Something is said as to the guidance exercised by librarians in this respect. Enough has been said to show that the Ameri- cans are much in advance of us in the matter of libraries. Four thousand libraries with over Io,000 volumes each, and a great many more with from one to ten thousand; more libraries continually being founded ; rich men continually giving great sums of money for the foundation and mainten- ance of libraries; this is a statement with which comparison is not calculated to inflate our own pride. One thing more. Everything good in litera- ture becomes instantly, as soon as published, the common property of all the English-speaking peoples. These figures illustrate and prove, what we have persistently maintained, that already a popular book, of whatever kind — historical, scientific, religious, imaginative—commands in Great Britain and Ireland, the Colonies, India, and the United States, taken all together, an audience from the libraries alone which has never yet been equalled in the history of literature. There are writers belonging to this country alone, writers in every branch of literature, who command on the first appearance of a new book the subscription of every important library over the vast area where our language prevails. And great as is already this audience, it is nothing compared with that which awaits the writer and teacher of fifty years hence. When the number of libraries will be multiplied by fifty, and the number of readers by ten, one hundred millions of English-speaking people will be two hundred millions: if there are now only ten millions of readers there will then be a hundred millions. W. B. *– A –iº r- - - LOWE'S COMPLETION. Dim are the memories of those early days When Love was only in the bud as yet ; Swift glances—peeps of tangled woodland ways:— The hues she wore, the way her hair was set. Like broken lights upon some fairy stream, When Dian’s silver shafts are shivered there, Through misty veil seen faintly as in dream, So gleam those far off days, so dimly fair. As we forget its tributary rills, When seawards borne upon the river's breast ; The flashing breakers boom ; amid the hills The becks are hushed, or murmur at the best. So, launched on Life’s inexorable sea, Those echoes of the past have ceased to move Our wedded souls; their whispers drowned—Ah me !— In the imperial symphony of love F. B. DOVETON. *- a sº-º sº- - - LITERATURE OR PHYSICAL SCIENCE: OR the last twenty years, the increasing predominance of subjects other than literary in English education has been most marked. An active movement has been observable to deprive letters of the prominent place they had hitherto occupied; and confident predictions have been uttered that this revolution will be complete, that art and letters will be entirely replaced by the absorbing pursuit of the knowledge afforded in physical science. No doubt, the scientific method of investi- gation is a most valuable discipline, and it is desirable that everyone should have some expe- rience of it ; but it is folly to deny that Art and Poetry and Eloquence have the capability of refreshing and delighting us, and possess for mankind a fortifying, elevating, quickening, and suggestive power. However, for the time being the partisans of Science are popularly supposed to have the victory; and gloomy prognostications are to be heard with reference to the future of modern literature as well as antique. . These apprehensions have been felt elsewhere in Europe. The late M. Renan asserted that “one hundred years hence the whole of the historical and critical studies in which his life had been passed, and his reputation made, will have fallen into neglect, and that natural science will exclusively occupy man’s attention.” No one, familiar with the history of European litera- ture, will for a moment accept this view. It is  ## p. 106 (#120) ############################################ 106 THE AUTHOR. only by the pursuit of this study that we can rightly appreciate the history of the race. Litera- ture is the voice of the people. I believe that so long as man exists, from the very constitution of the human mind, there will always be moral and aesthetic cravings, which Science, however attrac- tive, can never gratify. I think, therefore, that the “splendour and rapid march of the physical sciences” have partially eclipsed, but will never extinguish, the interest in the older subject of literature. However, some of those whose opinions carry weight in the scholastic world have asserted that it cannot be taught, and that the experiment has failed. The signs of this failure are to be found in the modifications of certain examinational require- ments, in which literature has been degraded to a secondary place, or altogether eliminated, or recognised only in connection with Philology. “Literature has been regarded as mere material for the study of words. All that constitutes its intrinsic value has been ignored. Its master- pieces have been resolved into exercises in grammar, syntax, and etymology; its history into a barren catalogue of names and works and dates. No faculty but that of memory has been called into play in studying it.” That it should have failed therefore to commend itself as an instrument of education is no more than might have been expected. The aim and purpose of modern culture are distinctly utilitarian ; all studies have been appraised and valued, and “saleable knowledge” is the most sought. No wonder the proper study of literature can find no place in the system of modern education. Indeed, it is better out of it. Wise men are pointing out the necessity in these days for finding some effective agency for cherishing within us the ideal, and herein is the great value of literature to all those who seek the higher education, with a genuine desire for true culture. It supplies a want, which, how- ever much the exclusively scientific may ignore, will make itself felt in the human heart. It was well said by a great Oxford scholar that “the object of literature in education is to open the mind, to correct it, to refine it, to enable it to comprehend and digest its knowledge, to give it power over its own faculties, application, flexi- bility, method, critical exactness, sagacity, ad- dress, and expression.” support the truism that literature is a most valuable agent in self-culture. But we can avoid the mistake of those who confound its pursuit with education, or regard it as the sole and sufficient agent. Burke said, “What is the education of the world? Reading a parcel of We need not pause to books? No! Restraint and discipline, examples of virtue and of justice, these are what form the education of the world.” - Let us avoid all extravagance, however, and remember that it contains “the best that has been thought and said in the world,” and there- fore regard it as a priceless factor in self- cultivation. But enough, perhaps, has been said upon the disciplinary and educative character of the study of literature. It contains other sources of interest; it brings to our knowledge many whom it is a delight to know. While some excite our reverent admiration, and some afford endless entertainment, there are others who call forth deeper feelings by the loveableness of their character—the noble-minded, in whom pride and vanity, resentment and self-love have no place, who in pure simplicity and singleness of heart give their great knowledge and power unre- servedly to the world, solely that all may share their own happiness; men whose lives seem realised ideals of what is most excellent in moral beauty. *-- * ~ * e- - -º BOOK TALK. AS the one-volume fiction anything to fear from the one-volume collections of short stories? It would be very interesting to know whether the circulation of “Tife's Little Ironies” has equalled that of the one-volume edition of any of Mr. Hardy's other novels. Perhaps such a collection of good short stories, already popular, is likely to become more popular than the long novel, whether in one or three volumes. In the words of a recent critic, “the tendency of the public taste is in the direction of brevity and wit rather than of long drawn-out narratives and elaborate word painting!” No rule, however, can be laid down as to length, that depends on the subject; on the author's style; on the inci- dents; on a thousand things. If a novel can be too long, it may also be too short. And, indeed, every one knows novels which one would like to go on for ever. The impatience of readers on the length of a novel belongs to London, or to the rush of life in great cities, which leaves little time for reading. In the country, or quiet colonies, there is no such impatience: the reader loves to linger among the creations of the novelist. Mr. Morley Roberts' new book, “The Purifica- tion of Dolores Silva, and other Stories,” is one which must leave a good impression on the reader as far as the art of short story writing is con- cerned, but, at the same time, the impression is a  ## p. 107 (#121) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. IO7 sad one. In the first story, “ Initiation,” a girl's first lover, or, let us say, would be lover, is treated with surely more than usual severity, even by the most startled innocence. In the second story the lover never knows till after her death that the heroine cared about him at all. In the third, called “When She May,” the luckless proverb is complete. She does get May—a May lasting a lifetime. “Panic ’’ is the next, and is the one story in the book which everyone will have read before, we forget where it appeared, but it was spoken of as a good story at once. We cannot be quite sure whether, after carefully showing that the chief character was a coward, the author did not mean to convey the idea that after all he had a certain amount of courage—as much as a great many men. However lily-livered, however great a “cur” a man may be, to cut one's throat with a a razor in front of a looking glass requires some nerve. The “Fair-trader’ is, perhaps, the most worthy of praise, but it provokes the question whether it is at all founded on fact. If European girls who disappear are really drafted into Mohammedan households, it is surely a question for public meetings and Parliament. When we take up Miss Ella Hepworth Dixon's story, “A Modern Woman,” it is natural just now to wonder beforehand whether or not we are going to have the fin-de-siècle young person over again. It is therefore particularly pleasing to find that a modern woman as described by a woman need not necessarily imply a pretty piece of up-to-date vulgarity. We have in Mary Erle, Miss Dixon's heroine, as sensible a girl as One would expect the daughter of an eminent scientist to be; her father's distinguished position gives her a footing in society, but at his sudden death she has to earn her own living. The story opens with some account of the professor's funeral, which might have been pruned a little, true as it is to the dismal facts of our methods of interment. From this point we have a history of the girl’s fruitless attempts to become an artist, and afterwards of her success as a society journalist and writer of stories. With the account of these struggles is interwoven that of her own and her friend’s love affairs, which the author refuses in either case to bring within the possibi- lity of a happy ending. We doubt whether Miss Dixon has been as successful with her men characters, but we confess to have been suffi- ciently interested to want to know what became of them in the real end—“Jimmie,” for instance, and the A.R.A. One method of trying to arrive at the best relation between producer and consumer is to compare our system with that of other nations, and the question is asked, when his (the novelist's) story has passed through the magazines or the syndicate of newspapers, must he fling it on to the world as one volume, and let people buy it or not as they think fit * That is what he has to do in France, that is what he has to do in Germany, that is what he has to do in the United States. Whether foreigners can be called greater readers than Englishmen because they may be greater buyers appears doubtful—we have had our system, they have had theirs. But if our three- volume system has given way, there are those who say that the foreign system of publication has become quite as risky. For instance, apropos of the novel in Paris, we have lately read: “A member of a great novel pub- lishing firm tells me that now it does not pay to bring out novels unless there is some great name on the title page.” Zola still makes money, but this business man believes the turn of the tide has in his case begun. Before advocating any foreign system, American, then, or continental, the author would require a much more exact knowledge than we at present possess of the agreements entered into between publisher and author in those countries. As it is, it has taken this Society many pages of recapitulation to get its members to understand that while there is no sentiment in business, every plausible man of business knows there is a great deal of business in sentiment. Perhaps the most striking, because the most ignorant, comment on the recent three-volume novel discussion, is the following:—“The simple fact is, that until the public can be educated to buy books instead of borrowing them, the attempt to produce original works of fiction in one volume must inevitably result in a ruinous failure.” Well, but how about the thou- sands—the hundreds of thousands—the millions of one-volume novels which are bought every year P. How about the returns of those who write them P The fact is, the public does buy books in vast numbers. Perhaps the numbers should be even greater, but it is absurd still to speak of the public as a borrowing instead of a buying body. As to the price asked, perhaps the critic could help by giving his opinion as to whether the book is worth buying at all, or at any other price. Rarely, if ever, in our leading reviews do we see the price of the book mentioned or discussed, but now it really seems a false shame on their part to persistently avoid the pecuniary question when perusing a book; but however that may be, apart from excellence in literary criticism, the duty of educating the public to become book buyers must lie chiefly in the hands of the critics.  ## p. 108 (#122) ############################################ IO8 THE AUTHOR. May we not therefore leave the reading powers of the public alone for a minute, and revert to the idea of property? In every family there will be those who read and those who prefer other amusements; but the outlay of money upon books, the investment in books, the formation of a library, which in the ordinary course of events would pass to a man's children or be sold—why should this be generally left to chance? Why should a householder be so careless of the value of the books admitted into his home that on his demise they will only fetch I d. or 2d. a volume? Yet how often is that found to be the case ? A valuable book is certainly more within the reach of most men than are valuable pictures, but because some books can be obtained cheap, like some prints, that is no reason why some discrimination should not be used. Library is perhaps too big a term for most people's collection of books, but, on the other hand, modern literature must have fallen very low indeed if it excites no desire in the reader to possess and re-read what has appeared to be worth finishing when once taken up. Mr. Lockwood has published through the Rox- burghe Press his lecture on the Laws and the Ilawyers of Pickwick, with a sketch of Mr. Serjeant Buzfuz as a frontispiece. Every reader of Pickwick has his own idea of what Buzfuz was probably inclined to be like, and those who sometimes may find amusement in visiting the public galleries of the courts may have fixed on quite a different type of counsel as representative of that distinguished advocate. Surely Serjeant Buzfuz's handkerchief ought to appear. As the lecture consisted mostly of readings, the author tends an apology for reproducing it in book form ; but perhaps he did not intend it to be much more than a souvenir of what must have been an enjoyable evening to each of his audience. A new novel, entitled “The Birth of a Soul’’ —a psychological study — by Mrs. Alfred Phillips, author of “Benedicta,” &c., will be published in England and America early in October, in one volume. “A Spanish Singer,” by Annabel Gray (Stone- man), vol. 2 of the Annabel Gray library, is a well-constructed and dramatic story depicting the artistic experiences of a young débutante in opera, in Italy. Vocalists will find much to interest them in this realistic sketch of art abroad. In Mr. S. R. Crockett’s “Mad Sir Uchtred of the Hills,” the author has at least done one thing, and that a difficult one ; he has added another “ cat’’ to literature. The madman has a broken- legged wild cat which performs a grand feat in the destruction of a weasel. The introduction of this incident, and the manner of describing it, seems to us to be the best thing in this clever book. The late Professor Romanes wrote poetry and printed his verse, but refrained from publishing it. His poems, which are said to be chiefly religious in their tone, were given to his friends only. It would be possible, perhaps, to secure the publication of those which may appear worthy of the author's reputation as a man of science. Mr. Samuel H. Church thinks that Oliver Cromwell has never had justice done him by any of his English biographers. He has therefore addressed himself seriously to the subject, and the result has been issued by Putnam's, New York. A presentation copy of “Among the Boers and Basutas; or, a Study of our Life on the Frontier,” by Mrs. Barkly, has been graciously accepted by the Queen. The book is now in its second edition. The Rev. Prebendary Jones has issued (Smith, Elder, and Co.) a new and cheaper edition of his “Holiday Papers.” This is the very deadest time of all the year. The book advertisements are chiefly lists of the “Standard ” works and “Favourite ” novels. The “ announcements’ have hardly begun. The dear old phrase— ‘Messrs. Bungay and Co. promise us”—as if we were all waiting anxiously for that distinguished Firm to tell us what it has got in the bag—has not yet appeared; it will begin next week. It is a mistake, however, to suppose that it is the month of the least reading. If the publishers of the Saturday or the Spectator would divulge secrets it would probably be shown that the circulation goes up, not down, while the people are running about the country, killing long hours in the train, sitting in lonely seaside lodgings with a rainy day to get through. Holiday time is reading time with a large number of people who are too much occupied with busi- ness and society to read while they are at home. The magazines which are tossed over in June are read through in August. Of literary articles there are not many in the August magazines. One observes in the Contem- porary a paper by the late Amelia B. Edwards on the “Art of the Novelist; ” a paper by Hall Caine in the National Review on “The Novelist in Shakespeare; ” and No. 1 of a series of papers on “The Historical Novel” by Mr. George Saintsbury in Macmillan. All on fiction. The friends of the late Rev. Henry Allon, D.D., will note with pleasure that the story of part, at  ## p. 109 (#123) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. IO9 least, of his life, that of his Ministry, has been written and published. The biographer is the Rev. W. Hardy Harwood ; the publishers are Cassell and Company. It would seem, however, that his literary life, which would interest many, apart altogether from his career as an indepen- dent minister, is not included. Yet he was for many years the editor of the British Quarterly Ičeview, a magazine which was the home of many admirable papers—literary, social, and historical, as well as controversial. Dr. Allon was a per- sonal friend of the late Dean Stanley, and acquainted with most of the men of leading in that part of the literary world which is engaged on subjects treated in quarterly reviews. He was a many sided man ; his views on literature were broad, and while he was its editor the British Quarterly Review was a power of considerable weight and authority. Mr. Grant Allen’s new book “The Tidal Thames” (Cassell and Co.), is a sumptuous work, illustrated by—and illustrating—twenty original drawings by W. L. Wyllie, A.R.A. It is not, perhaps, a cheap edition—35 15s. 6d. cannot be called cheap—but the drawings are exquisite; everything that is fine, however, is in a sense cheap, whatever price be put upon it; because there is no measuring of artistic worth by money, and the only question is whether one can afford to pay the price asked for the work desired. Mr. Standish O'Grady's heroic Irish romance, “The Coming of Cuculain,” will be published early in October by Methuen and Co., illustrated by Mr. D. Murray Smith. The story is now run- ning serially through the Warder (Dublin) and the Northern Whig (Belfast). The hero of Mr. O'Grady’s tale is the famous Cuchullin of High- land tradition, the Cuthullun of MacPherson’s eplc. *~ * ~ * g- - --e. CORRESPONDENCE, I.—THE LAUREATESHIP. & HAVE read with great interest the article | on the Laureateship and its long abeyance in the Author for this month. It would be impossible to put the view of the case which we, who are in favour of maintaining this ancient and unique office, entertain in terser or more forcible language. To my mind the delay is one which can in no way be excused. There is one point which I should like to emphasise which the writer of the article has passed over, and it is this. It is notorious that poetry in England does not in general pay. Long after Mr. Tennyson had published his most characteristic and popular poems his income consisted mainly of the pension from the Consolidated Fund, which he retained to his death. But, on his appointment as Laureate, his income is said to have risen enormously. Without going into figures, it is certain that his position as Laureate very largely affected his popularity and increased his income. What the gains of a new Laureate would be on appointment it is impossible to tell. If he should unfortunately be a writer with no public, probably they would be but small. If he already had a considerable circulation, it is certain that the appointment would mean a very largely increased income. It is of this substantial advantage that the perhaps natural hesitation of extreme age has deprived the literary profession for nearly two years. It is well that the literary public should know that it is not the pittance of £80 or so, which is the nominal salary, that is at stake, but a much larger sum, to say nothing of the great discouragement which the blank silence of the authorities has inflicted upon the chief glory of our literature for a period without precedent in the history of the vacant office. II.-M. MALLARME's SCHEME. I hope that the Society will take up and at least ventilate the proposal made by M. Mallarmé in the Figaro that the literature of the past should become the property of the nation, or at least of living writers. How much would have been realised by the works of Sir Walter Scott had there been a royalty of 1d. in the shilling laid upon every volume issued since the copyright came to an end ? And why, M. Mallarmé asks, should this great property be handed over, not to the nation, but to a small class of tradesmen P Pray let us know more about it. A MEMBER. III. ON THE WARNINGS AND ADVICE. (Our correspondent's letter on this subject will be found with comments on p. 99). IV.—ON THE CO-OPERATION OF MEMBERS. Now that the dead season gives one time to look round and think, I should like to ask you, Mr. Editor, if the time has not come to take the members’ opinions upon many subjects concerning which the Author has spoken from time to time. I would suggest that a list of subjects of importance to the craft be drawn up, taken one after the other, and referred to the whole body of members. I think that your hands would be strengthened, the members would feel that they  ## p. 110 (#124) ############################################ I IO THE AUTHOR. were having a voice, and that many ways of joint action might be arrived at. A Journal,IST. W.—THE SocIETY's READERs. I submitted a MS. to be read. I received an opinion which was careful and courteous, and not complimentary. It pointed out certain definite objections to the work as reasons why it would not be accepted. I have now removed those objections, yet it is not accepted. A BEGINNER. [It is to be hoped that the Society's reader did not commit himself to the statement that altera- tion would mean improvement, or that the removal of certain objections would mean acceptance by publishers. Everyone knows the common criticism on a new author. “Well, he knows, at least, how to write.” Any publisher's reader also knows the MS. of which he says, “Well, at least he has not yet learned to write.” The Society's reader can only suggest why the latter judgment was pronounced, and here the “way to write” can be discovered.] >e cº WHAT THE PAPERS SAY. I.—THE LATE MR. WYATT PAP worTH. R. WYATT PAPWORTH, F.R.I.B.A., M curator of Sir John Soane’s Museum, died at the museum on Sunday, Aug. 19. Mr. Papworth was distinguished for his literary work in connection with architecture, especially in his contributions to the Transactions of the Royal Institute of British Architects, among which those “On the Superintendents of English Buildings in the Middle Ages, with especial reference to William of Wykeham,” and “Collec- tions for an Historical Account of Masons, their Customs, Institutions, &c.,” are of historical importance. He was also a constant contributor to Notes and Queries. To his labours the architectural profession is indebted for the pro- duction of “The Dictionary of Architecture” (Architectural Publication Society), recently com- pleted in eight volumes folio, begun in 1852 on the lines of the notes and collections of himself and his late brother, Mr. J. W. Pap- worth, and, until its completion in 1892, carried out under his sole editorship. Mr. Papworth, as a member of the Court and Master and Past Master of the Clothworkers' Company, took a leading part in the promotion of technical education and in the City and Guilds Institute.— Times, Aug. 21. II.--THE AIM AT PopULARITY. The man who aims at being popular and admired is not nearly so likely to be popular and admired as the man who thinks little or nothing about it, but aims simply at his own individual ideal. Here, again, the failure of the direct aim appears to be due to its real and perceived inferiority to those aims which usually secure it. The man who directly aims at getting admira- tion and esteem will hardly deserve them, for he cannot deserve them without cherishing plenty of aims which would be very likely to risk or forfeit other persons’ admiration and esteem. The man who lives for the good opinions of others, cannot be deserving of those good opinions, for he cannot contribute much to teach others, by the indepen- dence of his own life. In this case also, then, the ill-success of the direct pursuit of admiration is simply due to the fact that that pursuit is a lower aim than any consistent with the attainment of the admiration pursued. But if happiness be the true standard and end of life, why should it fall into the hands only of those who do not directly seek it P Surely, if it is not safe to pursue it directly, it can only be because it is not the proper end and aim of life—because while it may be the natural reward of the pursuit of better ends, it is not itself the chief end. Nothing could well be more improbable than that the one standard and best fruit of human action should be carefully wrapped up in the folds of inferior ends, so that you may come upon it by accident, if you are to taste it properly at all. R. H. HuTTON. a-i----~~~" •-Fs-e-es-e- NEW. BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS, Theology. BROWNE, CANON. The Christian Church in these Islands before the Coming of Augustine. Three lectures delivered at St. Paul's in January, 1894. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. DAVIDS, PROFEssoR RHYs. Buddhism. S.P.C.K. 2s. 6d. EVE, NOAH, ABRAHAM : a study in Genesis. By a Layman. Cassell. Is. GRAY, REV. HERBERT B. Men of Like Passions, being Characters of some Bible Heroes, and other sermons, preached to boys at Bradfield College. Longmans. 58. KING, RIGHT REv. E. Practical Reflections on Every Werse of the Prophet Isaiah. Longmans. 4s. 6d. MALDONATUS, JOHN. A Commentary on the Holy Gospels : St. Matthew's Gospel. Part III. Translated and edited from the original Latin by George J. Davie. John Hodges. Is... net. History and Biography. - CHURCH, CANON. Chapters in the Early History of the Church of Wells, I 136-1333. Limited edition. Elliot Stock, and Barnicott and Pearce, Taunton. 158. New edition.  ## p. 111 (#125) ############################################ THE AUTHOR. I I I RLVIN, REv. C. R. S. The History of Walmer and Walmer Castle. Canterbury : Cross and Jackman. FoRREST, G. W. The Administration of the Marquis of Lansdowne, Viceroy of India, 1888-94. Calcutta : Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. FREEMAN, PROFESSOR. The History of Sicily from the Earliest Times. Wol. IV. From the Tyranny of Diony- sios to the Death of Agathokles. Edited from post- humous MSS., with supplements and notes, by Arthur J. Evans. Oxford, at the Clarendon Press. Henry Frowde. 2 Is. GAsquièT, DR. FRANCIs A. Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries. Sixth Edition. Part I. Hodges. Is. HARRIs, THOMAs. Three Periods of English Architecture. B. T. Batsford. 7s. 6d. HowARD, MAJOR-GENERAL O. O. Funk and Wagnalls. 6s. HUME, MAJOR-GENERAL JoHN R. Reminiscences of the Crimean Campaign, with the 55th Regiment. The Author, 27, Pilgrim-street, Ludgate-hill. Cheap edition. 3s.6d. RAYSERLING, DR. M. Christopher Columbus. Translated from the author’s MS. with his sanction and revision, by Charles Gross. Longmans. 5s. LLOYD-VERNEY, COL., and HUNT, LIEUT.-COL. J. M. Records of the Infantry Militia, Battalions of the County of Southampton from A.D. 1757 to 1894. And Records of the Artillery Militia Regiments of the County of Southampton from A.D. 1853 to 1894. With Isabella of Castile. portraits and illustrations Longmans. 3O8. MoRRIs, WILLIAM, and MAGNUsson, EIRíKR. The Heimskringla. Vol. II. By Snorri Sturluson. Trans- lated from the Icelandic. Being Vol. IV. of the Saga Library. Quaritch. 31. I Is. 6d. SHUCKBURGH, EVELYN S. A. History of Rome to the Battle of Actium. Macmillan. 8s. 6d. THIERs, Lou Is ADOLPHE. History of the Consulate and the Empire of France under Napoleon. Translated by D. Forbes Campbell and John Stebbing. With thirty- six steel plates. Chatto and Windus. Twelve vols. 12s. each. WALTON, CoL. CLIFFORD, C.B. History of the British Standing Army A.D. 1660 to 1700. Harrison and Sons. General Literature. ABBOTTs, W., M.D. Stammering, Stuttering, and other Speech Affections: Their Causes and Cure. The Savoy Press. Is. - BADDELEY, M. J. R. Guide to the Peak District. Dulau and Co., Soho-square. 3s. BAKER, JAMEs. The New Guide to Bristol and Clifton. Edited. J. Baker and Son. BRASSEY, LORD. Papers and addresses on Work and Wages. With an introduction by G. Howell, M.P. Longmans. 58. BRITISH MUSEUM : Supplement to the CATALOGUE of the ARABIC MSS., by Charles Rien ; CATALOGUE of ARABIC Books, by A. G. Ellis, Vol. I. A to L; CATA- LoGUE of HEBREW Books acquired during the years 1868 to 1892, by S. van Straalen. Longmans, Quaritch, Asher, Kegan Paul, and Henry Frowde. CALVERT, ALBERT F. The Aborigines of Western Australia. Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, and Co. CASE AGAINST DIGGLEISM. Published for the Progressive School Board Election Council by Alexander and Shepheard. Is. CHANUTE, O. Progress in Flying Machines. American Engineer and Railroad Journal. New York : CICERO, M. T. Correspondence. Edited, with a revision of the text, a commentary, and introductory essays, by Professor Tyrrell and L. C. Purser. Wol. IV. Long- mans, Green. I5s. CYNICUs, HIs HUMOUR AND SATIRE. Company. Is. DAVIs, A. H. Dover College Register, 1871-1894. Edited by. Dover : the Editor. 2s. 6d. DEMBO, DR. J. A. The Jewish Method of Slaughter, com- pared with other Methods. Translated from the German. Kegan Paul. Boards, 2s. 6d. net. DOLAN, DR. THOMAS, M. Our State Hospitals. Leicester : John Richardson and Co. 2s. 6d. DUBOIs, F#1,Ix. The Anarchist Peril. 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Dublin : Edward Ponsonby; Simpkin, Marshall. 18. - Helsingfors. The Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author, Vol. 05 Issue 04 (September 1894) Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em>, Vol. 05 Issue 04 (September 1894) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013732253" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013732253</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1894-09-01-The-Author-5-4 publications The Author