https://historysoa.com/files/original/5/451/1893-06-01-The-Author-4-1.pdf 5304fc75ac9fe130292b00b810523288 PDF Text Text ������������������������������������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em> Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, <em>The Author</em>, 1890<span>–</span>1914, made available together for the first time.<br /><br />Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&amp;collection=&amp;type=&amp;tags=&amp;exhibit=&amp;date_search_term=&amp;submit_search=Search+For+Items&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1893-06-01 Volume 4 Issue 1 Pages Page range in volume 3–36 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18930601 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin be BHutbor. (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vou. IV.—No. 1.] JUNE 1, 1893. [Prick SIXPENCE. CONTENTS. PAGE, | PAGE Warnings and Notices... tee ee ae ae aab ie | Omnium Gatherum for June. By J. M. Lely ... wee vee i Literary Property— | The 8.P.C.K. again ogee ees anne eee eh ee iB 1.—Some Considerations on Publishing. By Sir Frederick A Note on Prefaces. By Sir F. Pollock... ae is ee a § Pee a ee What the Public Read. By Thomas Greenwood ... 0 wv 17 2.—The Right of Translation. By H. G. Boo <n ... 9 | Horace’s Odes, L, 5. By A. S.Aglen ... oe sea Be coon as 3.—Author and Publisher. Extractsfrom a paper sent round | Feuilleton. ‘‘ The Fire Post Office” ... ee ee se nas among Members by the Delegates to the Chicago | ‘Notes and News.” Bythe Editor... ae ees Gan maa oe Beene a ee | ‘““ Why a Congress ?” ee Se vs eee se See ee 4.—Cost of Musical Production. By the Secretary ..- ... li | Correspondence— 5.—Two Cases, 1. The Guinea Prize. 2. Copyright for Nothing 11 | 1.—The Donation of Books. By Rev. Prof. W. W. Skeat, The Responsibilities of Editors— \ Litt.D._ ... oe ae ces os ses eis pi Ae Oe 1.—Report of the case Macdonald v. National Review ... 184 2.—An Experience. By. Rev. J. J. Haleombe ... Ase es Oe 2.—Some Remarks on the Case. By A... + vst 14 | 3.—French Law... “ny a ees on 26 3.—Letter from Sir F. Pollock on the Case ae te .. 15 | “At the Sign of the Author’s Head”... ees vas cee an 88 PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY. 1, The Annual Report. That for January 1892 can be had on application to the Secretary. 9. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance of Literary Property. Issued to all Members. 3. The Grievances of Authors. (The Leadenhall Press.) 1s. The Report of three Meetings on the general subject of Literature and its defence, held at Willis’s Rooms, March, 1887. 4. Literature and the Pension List. By W. Morrrs Conss, Barrister-at-Law. (Henry Glaisher, g5, Strand, W.C.) 38. 5, 6. The History of the Société des Gens de Lettres. By S. Squrre Spriaeex, late Secretary to the Society. Is. The Cost of Production. In this work specimens are given of the most important forms of type, size of page, &c., with estimates showing what it costs to produce the more common kinds of books. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 2s. 6d. 7. The Various Methods of Publication. By S. Squire Spriace, In this work, compiled from the papers in the Society’s offices, the various forms of agreements proposed by Publishers to ‘Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the various kinds of fraud which have been made possible by the different clauses in their agreements. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 3s. 8. Copyright Law Reform. An Exposition of Lord Monkswell’s Copyright Bill now before Parlia- iment, With Extracts from the Report of the Commission of 1878, and an Appendix containing the Berne Convention and the American Copyright Bill. By J. M. Lety. Hyre and Spottiswoode. 1s. 6d. : 9. The Society of Authors. A Record of its Action from its Foundation. By Waurmr Busant” (Chairman of Committee, 1888—1892). Is. 4 THE AUTHOR. 12. Cessron or Coprriaut.—Never sign any paper, either agreement or receipt, which gives away copyright, without advice. 13. ADVERTISEMENTS.—Keep control over the advertise- ments, if they affect your returns, by a clause in the agree- ment. Reserve a veto. If you are yourself ignorant of the subject, make the Society your adviser. 14. Never forget that publishing is a business, like any other business, totally unconnected with philanthropy, charity, or pure love of literature. You have to do with business men. Be yourself a business man. Society’s Offices :— 4, PoRTUGAL STREET, LINCOLN’s INN FIELDS. ee HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY. 1. Every member has a right to advice upon his agree- ments, his choice of a publisher, orany dispute arising inthe conduct of his business or the administration of his pro- perty. If the advice sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member has a right to an opinion from the Society’s solicitors. If the case is such that Counsel’s opinion is desirable, the Committee will obtain for him Counsel’s opinion. All this without any cost to the member. 2. Remember that questions connected with copyright and publisher’s agreements do not generally fall within the experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually engaged upon such questions for us. 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books represented. This isin order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree- ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor- mation thus obtained may prove invaluable. 4. If the examination of your previous business trans- actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should take advice as to a change of publishers. 5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro- posed document to the Society for examination. 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks of every publish- ing firm in the country. Remember that there are certain houses which live entirely by trickery. 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen- dence of the writer. 8. Send to the Editor of the Author notes of everything important to literature that you may hear or meet with. THE AUTHORS’ SYNDICATE. SPECIAL report of the Authors’ Syndicate has been prepared and issued to those members of the Society for whom the Syndicate has transacted business. Members are informed : 1. That the Authors’ Syndicate takes charge of the busi- ness of members of the Society. With, when necessary, the assistance of the legal advisers of the Society, it concludes agreements, collects royalties, examines and passes accounts, and generally relieves members of the trouble of managing business details. - 2. That the expenses of the Authors’ Syndicate are defrayed entirely out of the commission charged on rights placed through its intervention. This charge is reduced to the lowest possible amount compatible with efficiency. Meanwhile members will please accept this intimation that they are not entitled to the services of the Syndicate gratis, a misapprehension which appears to widely exist. 3. That the Authors’ Syndicate works for none but those members of the Society whose work possesses a market value. 4. That the business of the Syndicate is not to advise members of the Society, but to manage their affairs for them. 5. That the Syndicate can only undertake arrangements of any character on the distinct understanding that those arrangements are placed exclusively in its hands, and that all negotiations relating thereto are referred to it. 6. That clients can only be seen personally by appoint- ment, and that, when possible, at least four days’ notice should be given. The work of the Syndicate is now so heavy, that only a limited number of interviews can be arranged. 7. That every attempt is made to deal with the corre- spondence promptly, but that owing to the enormous number of letters received, some delay is inevitable. That stamps should, in all cases, be sent to defray postage. 8. That the Authors’ Syndicate does not invite MSS. without previous correspondence, and does not hold itself responsible for MSS. forwarded without notice. There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in the Syndicate. ec NOTICES. HE Editor of the Author begs to remind members of the Society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. ; The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and communications on all subjects connected with literature from members and others. Nothing can do more good to the Society than to make the Author complete, attractive, and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this work send their names and the special subjects on which they are willing to write ? : Communications for the Author should reach the Editor | not later than the 21st of each month. ; coe :  . THE AUTHOR. 5 All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate to the Editor any points connected with their work which it would be advisable in the general interest to publish. Members and others who wish their MSS. read are requested not to send them to the Office without previously communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in which they are received. It must also be distinctly under- stood that the Society does not, under any circumstances, undertake the publication of MSS. The Authors’ Club is now opened in its new premises, at 3, Whitehall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary for information, rules of admissien, &c. Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they have paid their subscriptions for the year ? If they will do this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker’s order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the trouble of sending out a reminder. Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the warning numbered (7). It is a most foolish and a most disastrous thing to bind yourself to anyone for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest ? Of course they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign themselves into literary bondage for three or five years ? Those who possess the ‘Cost of Production” are requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15 per cent. This means, for those who do not like the trouble of “doing sums,” the addition of three shillings in the pound on this head. In other words, if the cost of binding is set down in our book at eight pounds, to this must now be added twenty-four shillings more, so that it now stands at £9 4s. The figures in our book are as near the exact truth as can be procured; but a printer’s, or a pinder’s, bill is so elastic a thing that nothinz more exact can be arrived at. Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged in the “ Cost of Production” for advertising. Of course, we have not included any sums which may be charged for inserting advertisements in the publisher’s own magazines, or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket, by inserting any number of advertisements in his own magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it, ee LITERARY PROPERTY. —— I. Some ConsIDERATIONS ON PUBLISHING. By Sir Frederick Pollock. (Reprinted by permission of the author and the editor from the Pall Mall Gazette, May 1 and 4.) I ANY points about the relations between authors and publishers appear to be still unsettled. By an unsettled point I mean a point on which materially different opinions are held in good faith by persons with reasonable and fairly equal opportunities of knowledge. It is not an unsettled point whether ignorant persons ought to be induced, by fallacious expectations of profit, to pay at an exorbitant rate for the production of work which no competent reader or reasonable man of business would ever have supposed to be profit- able. Such transactions are not genuine publish- ing at all. The so-called publishers who live by them have no more in common with any respect- able publishing firm than an Old Bailey tout with the President of the Incorporated Law Society, or a Chinese pirate with the captain of a P. and O. liner. Some months ago I said, as chairman of the Committee of the Society of Authors, and to a numerous meeting of that society, that I saw no reason why the genuine unsettled questions should not, if it were so desired, be effectually solved by conference between representative authors and publishers. In so saying I expressed my individual opinion, but I have every reason to believe that I had the general assent of my colleagues on the committee and of the members of the society present. At all events there was no suggestion of dissent. I retain the opinion so expressed, but I think a good deal of free indi- vidual exchange of ideas ought to precede any definite endeavour to put these questions in the way of solution, and I offer my contribution for what it may be worth. Being a lawyer first and a man of letters (if, indeed, I can properly claim that description) afterwards, I naturally apply the test of legal right so far as possible. It must by no means be inferred from this that I should wish in every or any case to see this test applied under the form of actual litigation. Perhaps it may be well to state that I speak for myself only, and that my experience of literary arrangements, partly in my own affairs and partly in other people’s, dates from some time before I had any- thing to do with the Society of Authors, and indeed before the society was founded. What is the author’s due share of profits? is a question sometimes asked. To begin with that question is to begin, it seems to me, at the wrong end. There can be no such thing asa due or fair share of profits in the abstract. Some bargains are obviously good, and some are obviously bad. The interest and difficulty lie in the middle region, and there no hard and fast line can be drawn, One can only say that if A and B, writers in approximately the same rank of reputation, write books of the same class and price for the same public, and if the two books sell equally well, and A makes say £100 by his book, while B makes £150 by his, then either B is in luck, or A has something to learn from B in the commercial 6 THE AUTHOR. . part of an author’s business. But, again, it will not do to say that, commercially speaking, the author is a seller and the publisher a buyer, and each may make the best bargain he can. That may be the case in some forms of publishing, but it is not so in all. In truth a lawyer may be puzzled to classify the relation between author and publisher. According to the nature of the book and the terms agreed on, there may be a prevailing resemblance to sale, or to partnership, or to agency. One can seldom say that the rela- tion is precisely one of these three, but the interest of the parties in profits, as such, may be very different, as one or the other predominates. And where the relation savours of agency, it is not always the author who is more like a_prin- cipal. In the case of books written to order, which are many, it is plainly not so. However, the points of possible dispute occur mostly in determining what really are profits. I think for my own part that the type of agreement between author and publisher which involves taking an account of profits is one of the least desirable. Still, some sort of estimate of expected profit can hardly be dispensed with as a means of fixing the data, whatever the definite form of agreement may be. There is no reason for making any mystery of the cost of producing books, and, whatever may have been the etiquette of the trade a generation ago, Tam not aware that the best publishers do so now. Many authors, it is true, take no interest in business details, and would rather not know them. That is a luxury to which they are entitled for themselves if they can afford it, but people who depend on authorship for their living cannot be expected or advised to follow the example. I will even say that those authors who can afford the luxury should remember that their indolence may be prejudicial to others who cannot. Some elementary facts lie on the surface. We know that very few buyers pay the full “marked price” for a new book. The retailer, with the now usual discount of threepence in the shilling, gets only 75 per cent. of the nominal price, and when we have further allowed for trade discounts, and the special discounts on American and foreign sales, if any, we may say roughly that the total fund coming to the publishers’ hands in respect ‘of a new book is somewhere about 60 per cent. of the “ marked selling” price, more in some cases or less in others, multiplied by the number of copies sold, The discount system probably tends to create an exaggerated notion of the actual returns on sales, and may in that way be mis- leading to young authors. On general grounds of straightforwardness and simplicity, too, the system-of net prices, now. partly introdueed by some houses, appears to deserve encouragement. But I have no doubt there are difficulties about it which it is hard for anyone outside the business to appreciate. New books are retailed in Paris at a discount, though a comparatively small one. On the other hand, I believe the American book trade has substantially solved the problem, though it has to deal with an immense area of distri- bution. This 60 per cent. (or whatever it may precisely be) of the nominal price is not profits. It is gross returns. Also we have to remember that returns do not all come in at the same rate. Some books will sell quickly, if they sell at all, while the sale of others may be expected to spread over years. Novels and travels on the one hand, dictionaries and books of permanent reference on the other, may be taken as typical examples of the fast and the slowly moving books. Deferred returns, of course, cannot be treated in the same way as immediate ones. Against the returns must be set the cost of production, which again is partly immediate, partly more or less deferred, and partly what may be called standing. By standing cost of production I mean the general establishment expenses which cannot be attributed to one book more than another. There are houses which are editing as well as publishing houses, so that to a large extent one may say they are their own authors. In one such case, perhaps a singular one, the regular staff includes a first-rate scholar and two well-known publicists. Here the establishment expenses must be a very sensible proportion of the whole. In the case of a house that undertakes little or nothing of its own motion, and exercises no discretion beyond that of the reader to whom MSS. are submitted, the establishment expenses may be reduced to the level-of common office expenses and warehouse room. I do not know of any leading house to which this description would be strictly applic- able. It is evidently a most difficult matter to make an exactly just apportionment of this element of standing cost among the individual books produced by a firm; and I believe this is one main origin of divers charges and deductions which used to be made against authors, and sometimes still are, under the name of “ customs of the trade.” The late Mr. James Spedding led the way, many years ago, in objecting to these alleged customs. ‘ Now we must distinguish in point of law between the different forms of publishing. Where the agreement is for a share of profits as such, it seems to me that the relation of the parties is what lawyers call a contract of abundant faith. The author is entitled to full and true accounts, and to, be charged only with  THE actual expenditure, or the book’s proper share of it. And the difficulty of ascertaining that share is no reason for renouncing the attempt to ascertain it, and making it up in indirect ways. The publisher has a right to say, ‘“ We propose to charge such and such a percentage on the ascertained expenses cut of pocket for printing and so forth, as being the book’s fair share of standing cost of production.” The author may say in turn, “ Well, but you settle accounts only once a year, or half-yearly (or as the case may be). That is equival nt to a certain discount in your favour on the sum coming to me. Will not that go a good way towards covering the book’s share of standing cost?” Since these articles were first printed, a publisher has rejoined that the publisher, by his arrangements with the trade, has to give almost or quite as long credit as he takes. All this is matter for fair and business-like discussion. But the pub- lisher has no right to take a trade discount on the printer’s or stationer’s bill, and debit the account with the full nominal amount of that bill. No partner or agent would be justified in using such methods with his fellow-partner or principal, nor could he mend the matter by alleging a “custom of the trade.” Secret discounts and commissions no doubt exist in many forms of business, notwithstanding the repeated censure of the courts, but they are not therefore lawful. If the publisher chooses to say openly to the author, “I propose to take these customary trade discounts for myself in lieu of the book’s share of standing cost,” that is the proposal of a legitimate, though, in my opinion, a clumsy solution. The parties can agree, if they think fit, to this, as to any other terms clearly understood. Where the agreement is not for a share of profits by name, but for payment of a royalty or a lump sum to the author, there can be no legal question of accounting for profits, but the same questions and difficulties may enter indirectly into the settlement of terms. I propose to pursue this in another article, and to say a word on another somewhat troublesome question, that otf charges for advertising. II. Contracts between author and publisher may assume, as I pointed out, very different legal forms. In that firm which requires actual calculation and division of profits the relation is so like that of partnership as to demand, accor- ding to the best opinion I can form, the utmost good faith; not merely positive truth of state- ment, but the full disclosure of all material facts. Therefore secret profits, under whatever shape, AUTHOR. 7 and screened by whatever excuse, are not admis- sible, It is not often, I should think, that it falls to the author’s part to incur expenses on the common account. But if in any particular case it does, the publisher will be equally entitled to a full return and verification of these, 'The parties may limit the definition of profits, however, in any way they think fit, provided they have a clear understanding. In ordinary retail trade, for example, the difference between the wholesale and the retail price of the goods is commonly ‘alled the retailer’s profit. So it is in the book- selling (as distinct from the publishing) trade itself. It may be convenient for the author and publisher to take the divisible profits as the returns of the book less the specific cost of production, leaving the standing or “ establish- ment” expenses out of account, and thus exclu- ding the troublesome question of apportionment. This has, in fact, been a common practice. But these expenses have to be covered in the pub- lisher’s business as in any other. Unless and until a balance to the good is shown after deduct- ing the total of all expenses both general and specific from the total of returns, there can be no real profit on the Lusiness as a whole. If there- fore nothing is said about the book’s share of standing cost, the author’s nominal share of profits must be to some extent, however small, Jess than if this item was expressly brought into account, or else the publisher must give himselfa margin of interest on the sums coming to the author by deferring the payment for a certain time. The usual arrangements for making up and settling accounts yearly or half-yearly have preciseiy this effect, and it may be found that they work approximate justice between the parties. Whether the approximation may in ordinary cases be accepted by both parties as sufficient is one of the points, it seems to me, which can be worked out only by frank discussion. Any system of fixed payments has the merit of avoiding direct questions of account, whether the agreement be for a sum down in respect of an edition of so many copies, or for a royalty, or for royalty combined with one or more fixed pay- ments on account. Every form of agreement has its conveniences and defects, according to the nature of the case. Out and out sale of copy- right is seldom if ever advisable in a work of pure literature. But as regards legal and scientific works, where the author’s co-operation is practically indispensable for any future edition, sale of copyright, combined with adequate pro- vision for the author’s work on future editions, is both usual and reasonable In all these cases the author has nothing to do with calculation of profits after the agreement-is made. He is: to 8 THE get what he bargained for, and the publisher is equally bound to pay it, whether the profits turn out more or less than was expected. The only account to be rendered is of the number of copies printed and sold, with the distinction of home and foreign sales where required. It is possible, no doubt, to manipulate a royalty agreement so as to make it unfair to the author. It is even possible that the actual number of copies sold or printed should be falsified. But this takes us beyond the region of disputable usage; if such things happen, they are downright fraud. They are no more legitimate publishing than obtaining goods by false pretences from a wholesale house without any intention of paying for them is legitimate retail trade. Good publishing houses are. about as likely to do such things as the Clarendon Press to print its Bibles on stolen paper. Many authors, however, continue, through sheer inexperience and in the face of repeated warnings, to fall into the hands of low-class pub- lishers, who are much akin in their own way to the low-class speculative solicitor. Such cases constitute a large part of the work of the Society of Authors. No one who has not seen that work in detail—and probably an honourable publisher least of all—will easily realise the kind or amount of the petty police of authorship, if I may so term it, which daily calls for attention. Sometimes books are published without any- thing being distinctly said or understood as to the terms. It is difficult to say what the legal presumption ought to be in such cases. The general usage of publishers is to treat the book as published on half profits, in which I see nothing to complain of. If the author could have made better terms, it was his own fault that he did not make them while he might. I turn to the specific question of payment for advertisements. Under a profit-sharing agree- ment, for half profits, or two-thirds, or as the case may be, this, like other outgoings, is a matter of quasi-partnership account. Only the actual cost, whatever it is, ought to be debited. There- fore, if P. publishes A.’s book on the terms of dividing profits, and the book is advertised in P.’s own magazine, only the cost of paper and. print should be charged in respect of that advertise- ment, and, possibly, some fractional addition for any increased cost of distributing the magazine which may be due to the bulk of advertisements. The same principle seems to apply to what are called exchange advertisements. If Q. advertises P.’s books in return for P. advertising Q.’s, there is no real outgoing except for the paper and print. Ido not see on what ground any further charge against the book can be justified. : In the case of an agreement for royalties or AUTHOR. fixed sums this question does not arise. Expendi- ture on advertisements, like all other expenditure, is under such an agreement solely the publisher’s affair. There may perhaps be an implied term that the publisher shall cause the book to be advertised to a reasonable and usual extent. But it is so obviously the publisher’s interest to do this, and he is so obviously, in most cases, the best judge of the ways and means, that there should not be much room for dispute on this head. Publishing on commission is a different matter. Here the publisher is really the author’s agent and nothing else. He owes the author a true and undisguised account «f whatever passes through his hands, but it rests wholly with. the author to determine the amount and manner of expenditure. He may give the publisher specific instructions, or a general or limited discretion, or he may do his own printing and advertising if he thinks fit, though it can seldom be convenient to advertise independently of the publisher. As the publisher is not bound to undertake any expense at all, he is of course entitled to be paid for advertisements in his own publications. The author will probably have little difficulty in s-curing the benefit of trade terms; I do not see that he can claim them as of right. If the author publishing on commission is a wise man he will probably do little without consulting the pub- lisher; but in this form of publishing it is. the author who pays the piper_and calls the tune, and the practical working of the arrangement, as a matter. of personal relations, must be left. to the good sense of the parties. The fact that publishing on commission is not very common shows, first, that few authors are willing to take any risk, and secondly, that not many are willing to take much trouble. A true partnership between author and pub- lisher, in which the author takes a share of risk as well as of profits, is in point of law as possible as any other arrangement, and there is no reason why it should not be perfectly equitable; but I have never heard of such an agreement being made in fact, until I saw a case reported (of course without names) in the May number of the Author. The proceedings appear to have been quite unbusinesslike on both sides, so the example fails to be instructive. If anything like this does occur in regular practice, the example would have to be sought in the case of one member of a publishing house writing a book and publishing it with his own firm. Some publishers are also men of letters and authors, a fact sometimes for- gotten. 1 do not know what arrangements they are in. the habit of making for their own works. If any of them felt at liberty to give us the benefit of their double experience, it might  THE AUTHOR. 9 help to.clear up misunderstandings. I will con- clude with two elementary cautions to young writers. An author who still has his reputation to make cannot expect to be dealt with on the same footing as one whose reputation is made; and, whether one’s reputation is made or not, the publisher is almost always the navigating officer of the ship, and approaching him in the spirit of a sea-lawyer is not the way to secure a prosperous voyage. II. Tue Rieut or TRANSLATION. In the last number of the Author a correspon- dent, “F. T.,” calls attention to an apparent discrepancy between the stipulations of the Berne Copyright Convention, and the provisions of the International Copyright Act, 1886, in regard to the right of translation. The explanation is as follows: Art. V. of the Berne Copyright Convention grants the exclusive right of translation for ten years certain. This period, however, as is shown in the records of the conferences at Berne, was to be considered as a minimum of protection to the author in this respect, without granting which, at the least, no country could join the union. Any country which is a party to the union preserves, nevertheless, the faculty of giving more extended protection to the author, either internationally or by way of the domestic law. This is shown by Art. XV. of the International Convention, which provides: It is understood that the Governments of the countries of the union reserve to themselves respectively the right to enter into separate and particular arrangements between each other, provided always that such arrangements confer upon authors, or their lawful representatives, more extended rights than those granted by the union, or embody other stipulations not contrary to the present convention. It is true that Great Britain has not concluded any such separate and particular arrangements as are alluded to in this article, but it was con- sidered, in framing the Act of 1886, that in regard to international copyright, translation is often more important than copyright in the original work; and consequently that the translating right—as the chief international means of repro- duction—ought (with the reserve of ten years, during which an authorised translation must appear) to be protected in England as fully as the copyright in the original work. This appears to be the effect of the Act and order in council as they stand, though it is possible that the matter might have been expressed somewhat more clearly in the order in council. H. G. B. VOL. IV. III. AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER. The following extracts are taken from a paper sent round among the members of the Society by the delegates to the Chicago Conference : Risk.—What is meant by the word “risk?” When there is risk at all in the production of a book, it must be remembered that there are two risks, not one. There is (1) the risk of the author, and (2) the risk of the publisher. What is the author’s risk ?* He contributes the work itself, on which he has expended years—months—a lifetime, perhaps, of labour. He risks his repu- tation—his success—his career. In addition to this he risks the expenditure of time, labour, maintenance, preparation —in fact, everything that has made him capable of producing the work. He hopes, in the first place, for a reward in recognition of faithful work, of genius, of discovery, of successful research, and this must always be regarded as the first and most important reward; his secondary reward is such a proportion of the proceeds as is equitable. When there is risk at all, the publisher takes the risk of the money spent on producing the work. Let us see what this means. The conditions of publishing have very greatly changed during the last fifty years. Literary property has enormously increased, and is increasing more and more. Formerly, almost every book was a lottery; half-a-dozen publishers joined in taking the risk. Now there are writers by the score in every branch—educational, scientific, artistic, historical, imaginative — whose books are certain to succeed, 7.e., the authors are known beforehand to enjoy such a clientéle that there is no risk whatever in producing books by them. There are also subjects which at certain times and emergencies command a sale. Therefore it is the natural endeavour of every publisher to secure some of these writers, and to discover some of these subjects. It is also his endeavour to incur as few risks as he can; that is to say, not to publish, if he can help it, books which are speculative. Some few publishers there are who can afford to take up speculative books. The great majority cannot; they are enabled to seem as if they could by the eagerness of authors who, to get their works published, are easily induced to pay the whole, or a large part—or, in some cases, double the cost of production. This * Of course, we are not speaking here of papers for encyclopedias, dictionaries, or journals, or for books under- taken at a certain price agreed upon. B 10 THE. AUTHOR. diminution of risk, this extensive practice of making authors- pay for their own produc- tion, are hard facts which are constantly being denied or softened down, in some way or other. . Generally the denial rests on the false- hood, “advanced over and over again, that the Society maintains that no publishers ever take risks. oe = But, if there are risks, what are they? It must be remembered that the “risk” does not mean advancing any money, or paying the printer immediately. The publisher has credit. He pays by bills, or he pays some months after the work is done. Let us consider how this may work out. A book is published at a cost (without moulding or stereotyping) say, of £100 (see “ Gost of Production,” p. 81). The book is—say —a collection of essays: it sells at 6s. which is about 3s. 6d. to the publisher. We will suppose that there was “risk;” that is to say, it was not certain that the book would sell enough to repay the cost. We will suppose that it does not prove a success, that only about 400 copies go off. These produce the sum of £70. There remains a loss of £30. This has to be paid at a certain time after production, and after the first returns have come in. Nowa pub- lisher of experience may make an approximate estimate of the copies he can dispose of on the first appearance even of a risky book. If, for instance, the book is a good book, even on a subject not calculated to be widely popular, he may depend upon the free libraries, of which there are now nearly two thousand in this country and the colonies, taking a certain number. He can also depend-upon a certain ‘subscription of the trade at the outset. His “risk,” therefore, is not by any means the actual cost of production, but the difference between a tolerably certain sale and the cost of production. This explanation enables us to understand how it is that apparently large risks—to which some pub- lishers point in support of their curious desire to get their business regarded as a gambling or purely speculative one—may be, and often are, really risks of a very small difference. It is not here pretended that the estimated minimum circulation is aheays nearly reached, and that the publisher’s deficit is never greater than £30. But this example of what a considerable failure may really mean is given, because the supposed magnitude of the publisher’s losses has been widely used to justify ‘his appropriation of the lion’s share in profits, where profits have ensued. Nor is it stated that credit removes all risk, but only that it modifies risk. Nor is it maintained that all persons calling themselves publishers can obtain credit, but only (which everyone knows) that substantial men of business can do so. And again, still further to remove misapprehension, or distortion, we are speaking of books written by individual writers; not of dictionaries, books of references, &c. Secret Prorirs.—On this subject the Society has spoken strongly from the very beginning. There must never be allowed, in- any kind of business where the parties are associated as partners, joint venturers, or as principal-and agent, any secret profits. The very Secrecy either implies the intention of, or opens the door to, fraud. The too common practice of secretly overcharging the cost of production has been defended as a “custom of the trade.” That is not the case. (1) A “custom of the trade” is a thing recognised by both sides and known and allowed. These secret charges have never been recognised; to the young author they are unknown; to the experienced they have ever been a constant cause, of exasperation and suspicion.* There has never been a time when the author, almost inarticulate and powerless, has not protested with rage, even though without power, against secret profits. (2) A “custom of the trade” is uniform. This practice is not uniform. One house may make a practice— never openly advertised or defended—of charging a percentage on the cost of production; another may do nothing of the kind; a third may charge what it pleases, e.g., a certain house was found, some time ago, to have charged £90 for advertis- ing, when they had only spent £10. In fact, if the principle of secret charges is allowed at all, it means that the author gives the publisher the absolute right to falsify the figures to his own advantage, as much as he pleases, and surrenders the power to protest, even though the publisher should swamp the whole proceeds by a correspond- ing increase in the cost of production. This, indeed, has often been done. To allow secret profits at all is to open the door for many kinds of fraud. And it is certain that no court of law would acknowledge that to be a trade custom which allows a publisher to falsify as much as he pleases every account that he renders. In fact, the prac- tice of making secret profits is, most certainly, from whatever point of view we regard it, a fraud upon the author. “ Orrice Exprnses.’’—Some publishers insert a clause claiming a percentage on the returns or on the cost of production for “ office expenses.” An open claim is one thing ; ‘secret profits are another. The former may at least be argued ; the latter cannot for a moment be defended. “tot * See Charles Knight's * Shadows of the Old Booksellers,” p. 228.  THE course a publisher is quite within his right should he say “I shall not argue the point. Those are my terms; take them or leave them.” It then becomes a simple question whether it is the author’s interest to accept or to refuse. If we argued the matter, I should, myself, submit the following reasons, among others, why “office expenses” should not be made a charge: A pub- lisher cannot with his own hands do all the work; he therefore engages servants—more servants as his business increases. But are we to pay for his servants? It is not for his establishment that we pay, but for his services. In that case we ought to pay a greater amount to a publisher who keeps a large establishment of clerks. Indeed, it has been advanced gravely as regards a certain large house, that they cannot pay so great a royalty as other houses on account of their vast establish- ment. This is the reductio ad absurdum of the claim for office expenses. But we do not pay w solicitor in proportion to the number of his clerks, ora physician in p:oportion to his carriages and horses. Besides, if the maintenance of clerks and servants and the payment of rent are to be con- sidered, the author has an equal right to put in a claim for his own expenses and servants and rent. He may with as much force as the publisher argue that he has to live first and to take his profit next. 14, Wuart 1s Prorit ?—In every other kind of business that can be named, profit is taken to mean the difference between the sale of an article and the cost of production or purchase, i.e., between what it “fetched” and what it cost. A first charge on the trader’s profit in every other kind of business is the expense of the establish- ‘ment. Why should the publisher alone, of all men in business, demand that his profit should be reckoned to begin after his establishment, over which the author has no control, has been paid for? IV. Cost or Musica PropvctTIon. After considerable difficulty the secretary has made some advance with regard to the cost of musical production—a question which is con- stantly being brought before him by the members. He has obtained the cost of pro- duction of any ordinary song, and he is in communication with a gentleman who will give printers’ estimates for any work submitted to the secretary, The following is the cost of production for 500 copies of a song consisting of 5 pages, exclusive of the cover :— VOL. IV. AUTHOR. i © sd. *Plate for tue COVER 6.8... a Oo 12. 6 +Five Plates at 4s. 6d. per plate......... 1.2 6 Printing 5d. per 100 copies, per plate ; 28. id, Per 500 GOPles .-.....2.....-.. O10 5 Printing 500 titles, 1s. per 100..... SO) 5 0 Paper, 2 sheets of 4 pages; 1000 sheets for 500 COPIeS ose...secesevee ees O16 8 357 4 V. Two Casss. i A GUINEA PRIZE. “ Publish it as a one guinea prize story.” “JT think that will make the troublesome beggar sick.” Some people’s wit is cruel and vindictive, and these are the people to whom a sharp reminder that a biter can sometimes get bitten does no harm. It happened that a paper recently adver- tised for stories, and trapped a good one, for which the author wanted £2 2s. per 1000 words, and for which the newspaper only wished to pay tos. There was some correspondence about this difference of price, and while it was pending, the editor came to the conclusion that he could use the story and pay for it in the manner he proposed above. Perhaps he said, “ Whether I have to pay him or not what he asks, I can promote him to the dignity of a prize winner, with one guinea against his name for the amusement of his literary friends,” and thought, “I have no doubt I can safely leave any risk to the bluster of my solicitor.” However, at the instance of the Society, a claim was made for the balance of the price. A metro- politan small debts court took a different view from the defendant, and the solicitor availed not. The court expressed itself as taking a very strong view about the proceedings of the newspaper in the circumstances, The case was adjourned for the production of a letter, the contents of which were sworn to be inconsistent with the plaintiff's evidence, and inconsistent with the publication of the story at a guinea at all. Was the letter imagined, and evolved from the hope that the plaintiff and his * This is a very cheap plate, being printed only in black and white. A coloured plate may cost £5 or £6. + These plates are equivalent to the cost of composition, and there is one plate to every page. BQ 12 THE AUTHOR. solicitor, or one of them, might be absent on the adjournment ? The action was adjourned, the defendant paying the costs of the day. With some difficulty an exact note of the matter so far was taken, and on the adjournment the matter was picked up at the exact spot it was dropped at, with a reminder as to the meaning of this note, and that the court took 2 strong view if the letter were not produced, and both the ruthless prize-winner and his solicitor were there. That the opening exclamation may reasonably have actually been made, may be inferred. The defeated defendant editor was vitupérative and abusive, and called the proceedings black- mailing. The plaintiff bore this meekly, and the solicitor said “one witness.” II. GzTtina CopyriaHT For NorHINa. [Copy.] Dear Mapam,—lI have been looking into the returns of the Series, and I find that of the amount paid you for royalty in your book called “A. B.,” there is still £10 8s. 4d. not worked off by sales. Even the stock remaining on hand will not balance the amount over-paid. As we are desirous of closing our books, and realising the stock, we propose to write off the amount standing against it, and shall be pleased if you will kindly sign, and return in course, the enclosed form of agreement.—Thanking you in prospect, we are, dear Madam, yours truly, C. D. anp Co. “Mem. of agreement made this 27th day of March, 1893, E. F., of ——, hereinafter called the Author, of the one part, and C. D. and Co., hereinafter called the publishers, of the other part. It is hereby agreed that, in consideration of the sum already paid to the author for “Making or Marring,”’ she relinquishes all further claim upon the publishers for royalties in respect to her book, and the copyright is also transferred to the publishers. “Sioned the 27th day of March, &e.” What does this mean? A royalty was agreed upon, and, apparently, duly paid. It is now found that there is a loss of £10 odd on the book. But the wordsare not plain. Dothe.words mean aloss on the book, or do they mean that the author has been paid for more books than were sold? In either case it is certainly proposed that the writer should actually give the copyright to the pub- lishers. -Why ?- For no consideration whatever. Is it worthless? Then why do they want her to assign it formally ? If it is not worthless, why should she give up her property for nothing ? Probably what it means is an intention of re- issuing the book in another form, perhaps selling it to another publisher — in any case making money out of it. Let authors, especially ladies, refuse absolutely to sign any paper at all until they have sent it to the Society for examination. > oc THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF EDITORS. I HE question of the responsibilities of editors, which has been simmering in the organ of the Authors’ Society for many a month, came up, through an interesting case, before Judge Lumley Smith at Westminster County Court yesterday afternoon. Towards the end of October, 1892, Mr. W. A. Macdonald, “ publicist,” sent to the editors of the National Review the MS. of an article called “The Humanitarian Spirit Examined.” The editors caused it to be put into type, and a proof to be sent to the writer. Two months afterwards Mr. Macdonald wrote to the editors, protesting against their dilatoriness in publishing the article. He went on to say that a demand had arisen for a brief survey of his social science, and that he could “see no object in further procras- tination.” On receipt of this letter the editors ordered two revise proofs of the article to be sent to the author, and intimated that the types would be distributed. ‘We dealt with your article,” they wrote, “as we deal with articles generally. We put it into type, meaning to publish it at the earliest opportunity. As this arrangement does not suit you, we are returning the article in a revised proof.” Mr. Macdonald then put himself under the guidance of the Society of Authors. The secre- tary, Mr. G. Herbert Thring, wrote to the editors requesting that, either they would name an early date for publishing the paper, or send a cheque for payment at the usual rate. The acting editor of the Review answered that, his chief being a member of the council of the Society of Authors, and he himself being indebted to the secretary for valuable advice in certain literary affairs of the late Bishop of St. Andrews, he felt obliged to make a proposal, and would make it gladly. He would put the article into type again on two con- ditions: the publication of it to be at the editor’s convenience, and the cost of the first setting to be deducted from the honorarium. The secretary  THE AUTHOR. 13 did not accept this proposal. He did not even submit it to Mr. Macdonald. He had not, he said, made his demand without having consulted the solicitors of the Society ; and he had to repeat it. he editors did not take any notice of that letter. Two or three weeks afterwards Mr. John Joshua Sprigg, solicitor, to whom Mr. Thring had referred Mr. Macdonald, made to the editors a proposal pretty much like that which they themselves had ineffectually made to Mr. Thring. The acting editor replied that it could not be acceded to. The rejection of it at the instance of Mr. Thring, he said, had deprived the editors of an opportunity to publish the article when it would have happened to be topical. The Duke of Argyll’s “Unseen Foundations of Society” had been published that month (February), and that important work had given much publ inte- rest to the subject of Mr. Macdonald’s paper. Thus the time when the paper would have been topical and valuable had passed. The editors could not now publish it on any consideration, and they would not pay for it. Hence the action which has just been heard. The plaintiff claimed £11 11s. in name of remune- ration, and £11 11s. in name of damages for refusal to publish. The action was defended on the ground that there bad been no contract. The witnesses for the plaintiff were himself, Mr. Clayden, of the editorial staff of the Daily News, and Mr. Corrie Grant, barrister and journalist, all of whom said that they under- stood the sending of a proof to be an acceptance. The plaintiff himself, in cross-examination, was forced to admit that he knew nothing from experience of the principles upon which great monthly reviews in England were conducted. He understood, among other things, that the Saturday Review paid its contributors at the rate of ten shillings a column. Mr. Grant, cross- examined by Mr. W. T. Raymond, counsel for the defendants, admitted that he knew nothing of the usages in connection with monthly maga- zines and reviews. He had offered articles to such periodicals himself, but had never had any accepted. Mr. Clayden, in cross-examination, said he knew of no essential difference between articles written for a daily newspaper and articles written for a monthly review. The learned judge interposed the remark that the newspaper articles were ephemeral. Mr. Raymond observed that that was an important consideration, An article for a daily newspaper would probably lose its value with the lapse of a day or two; a certain kind of monthly review article was totally different. The witnesses for the defence were the acting editor of the National Review, the assistant editor of the National Observer (Mr. Dunn), Mr. Herbert Stephen, and Mr. Chapman (of Messrs. Chapman and Hall, publishers of the Fortnightly Review). The acting editor of the National Review admitted having sent the MS. to the printers, and having ordered a proof for the writer ; but he denied that there had been any contract. He had considered the plaintiff’s letter of protest against the editor’s delay in publishing an intimation that the editors should return it if they could not publish it immediately. Mr. Walters, counsel for the plaintiff, asked witness whether he had not accepted the paper —yes or no. Witness: There are some questions which cannot be answered absolutely either by a Yes or by a No. That is one of them. The paper was accepted conditionally. Conditionally—that was the point. It would have been published if the understanding governing those matters had been shared by the writer. Articles offered to editors of reviews were in two categories. First, there were articles on urgent topics of the day. These, if accepted, were published without delay. Then, there were articles, the subjects of which were of a quite different kind—articles which were as timely, as a rule, in one month, or even in one year, as in another. If an editor put one of those general papers into type, he did so, unless there was an explicit arrangement as to the time of publishing it, on the understanding that it was to be used when he pleased. The plaintiff’s article was of that category. The note accompanying it merely intimated that there it was. The writer made no stipulation as to when it was to be published. He did not even express a wish. Therefore, when the writer sought to import into the matter a condition which had not been stated, it became clear that there was no arrangement, no contract, at all; and he had immediately returned the article. Mr. Walters: You returned it in kingly indig- nation ? Witness: Yes, if it pleases the learned counsel to phrase it so. The sending of the proof had been an incident which seemed to confuse the issue. The proof had really nothing to do with the case. It would not have been sent if the unacceptable condition had been stated at the roper time, which was when the MS. was being submitted. No contract had been broken; for there had been none to break. In spite of the proof-sheets, the case really stood as it would have stood if, the condition as to time having been stated by the writer on submitting the article, the MS. had been returned there and then, He had settled the question whenever he - THE AUTHOR. knew the writer’s conditions. If the writer had at first even expressed a wish as to the time of publication, witness would have returned tho article immediately. The assistant editor of the National Observer corroborated the previous witness as to the two categories of articles. He had known general articles held over, in proof, for many months. He himself, if the writer of such an article—an article which had been volunteered—complained of delay, would have given him the option of withdrawing it. Mr. Herbert Stephen, who spoke as a con- tributor to weekly and monthly reviews, said that articles which had been ordered by editors were subjects of a contract. They had to be paid for whatever happened. On the other hand, articles which were sent without invitation—howsoever long they might be kept and whether proofs were issued or not—were not accepted unless and until they were published. He would not dream of claiming payment for such an article, if it were not published, howsoever long it might have been retained. Mr. Chapman said that, as a matter of course, editors intended to publish articles which they put into type. They would not incur the cost of type-setting if they had not that intention. In a general way, therefore, sending a proof was to be regarded as an acceptance. ‘There were excep- tional cases, however. If the writer of a paper, about which there had been no arrangement as to time of publication, claimed publication soon, the editor would be justified in returning the paper. He had made no contract, and had incurred no responsibility. Mr. Raymund and Mr. addressed the judge, His Honour gave judgment. The plaintiff had had something to sell—an article. He had sent it to the editors of the National Review, who might possibly buy it. The editors had caused the article to be put into type, and a proof to be sent for revision to the writer. He had seen no letter from the plaintiff in which the plaintiff had expressly asked the article to be returned. Mr. Hodgson, he thought, had gone a little beyond his rights in determining this matter so abruptly. It would have been better if, like Mr. Dunn, Mr. Hodgson had considered that the writer should have the option of having his article returned. The article, admittedly, was a thing of value. The property in this article had been for a time in the possession of the editors of the National Review, and out of the possession of the writer. In his opinion, then, the issue of the proof had constituted acceptance. Judgment for the. plaintiff—£11 11s. to cover the whole Walters, having article—with costs. There could be no damages, for the plaintiff had suffered none; and, indeed, the claim on account of them had been with- drawn.—Pall Mall Gazette, May 17th, 1893. Il. The case turned partly on the question whether the sending of a proof toa contributor by the editor of a monthly magazine constitutes acceptance of anarticle. There were certain letters on which counsel might also have relied, but the judge gave it as his opinion that the setting up of the article, and sending it to the contributor for proof correction constituted acceptance. On this case one would remark (1) That if the assistant editor had communicated his view of what the proof meant on sending it the case would not have arisen; that it would have been considerate and courteous to have done so; that it is deplorable that he did not do so; the more so because the contributor in his examination showed himself quite ignorant of the conduct of periodicals. It _ was next, surely, a great mistake to confuse the case of daily newspapers and weekly journals, which must very largely consist of comments on things of the moment, with the case of monthly magazines, which stand on a very different footing. It is quite obvious that many things must be set up for the former which may never be used unless at the moment. With some papers the contribu- tor is not paid for such articles. He takes his chance. Not so with the monthly magazines. The cost of setting up articles on the mere chance of using them is so great as to make the actual setting up mean acceptance. The writer has had as much experience as most men in writing for monthly magazines. He has been rejected. He has had to wait, but the editor has always courteously informed him of the reason of the delay. Never once has he received a proof which was not taken by him and meant by the editor as an accepted proof. Nor has he ever heard of a single instance in all his experience of a contributor receiving a proof and hearing afterwards that it was not meant for acceptance. In the report of the case one does not find that the witnesses for the defendant were asked certain questions of vital importance. There were three —observe that not a single editor appeared— (1) the assistant editor of a weekly paper; (2) Mr. Herbert Stephen, among other things, a con- tributor to weekly and monthly reviews; (3) a publisher. The questions which should have ee put were three : What experience have you had in ‘the editing of monthly magazines ?. :  THE AUTHOR. 15 2. Has any article of your own to a monthly magazine been treated as Mr. Macdonald’s was ? 3. Can you tell the court of any single instance, in your experience, in which a contributor to a monthly magazine was so treated ? The publisher, for instance, said it was “ most unusual.” Could he remember such a case? Or has an editor ever told him of such a case? Tn these columnsthere have been many letters of complaint concerning the treatment of contributors. The complaints have been generally directed against editors or proprietors of the smaller maga- zinesand journals. It too often happens that the desire of the, editor is to get his contributions for nothing; but in many cases the ground of complaint is the discourtesy of these small editors, who seem to think that a contributor has no more right for consideration than a crossing-sweeper. Read the following, which was published, not in the Author, but in the Atheneum of March 25: “ In the one case, my stories, after being retained for over two years, were returned to me, on my making inquiry about them, with merely the excuse that no room could be found for them. Of course I had assumed that the tales were accepted, and would be published as soon as con- venient. No expression of regret for the useless delay and the disappointment caused was made to me, and no notice was taken cf my surprised remonstrance. I may add that the magazine is a long-established one and its editor is a well-knownman. The second editor of whom I complain is, Iam sorry to say,a lady. She has accepted contributions of mine for her magazine, twelve years ago, which she has never inserted or returned. One contribution, after being accepted, was, indeed, after a long interval, returned—too late for acceptance in any other magazine, as it referred to a now past event. Another contribution, the longest of all, was lost, for when I asked for it back, I was told it could not be found. The worst case of all is that of another editor, who, after having retained a story for more than a year, published it in his magazine, and took no notice whatever of many repeated applications I made for pay- ment, enclosing stamped envelopes, and for the return of two more tales. At last, in despair, I had to call in legal assistance. Not until a summons had been served was the payment for the three stories made.” This is an encouraging experience, is it not? In three separate journals not the least considera- tion, not the most common courtesy, shown towards the contributor. Considering, therefore, (1) that if proof does not mean acceptance it would cost the editor nothing more than a printed slp to say 80; (2) that we may reasonably expect of our high-class magazines such treatment of their writers as may not give an excuse to the baser sort, it is a great pity that the National Review was concerned with it. It is also a great pity that the Saturday Review, confusing issues, which the judge care- fully separated, has. thought proper. to publish a savage-onslaught on the,Society of Authors for their action in the matter. ‘The Society never did a worse day’s work; ” contributors “will find the gates shut and barred.” Editors will no longer read their offerings. Why ? Because, if this ruling is accepted, editors will henceforth—.e., the one or two editors of weeklies who want to send out proofs of unaccepted articles, and the possibly one or two editors of monthlies who want to do the same thing—will henceforward find it desirable to exercise towards the contributor the common courtesy of explaining to him what the proof means. That is all. Perhaps the members of the Society will reassure themselves. A. Ii. To the Editor of the Pall Mall Gazette. Sir,—The part of the Society of Authors in this ease bas, £ think, . been misconceived or exaggerated in some comments which have appeared. ‘The Committee of the Society does not assume to lay down general propositions of law, nor to defend the interests of any one class of the Society’s members (who include editors as well as contributors) against any other. In fact at least one member of the council and past member of the committee is both the editor of a leading journal and an occasional contributor to leading magazines. Mr. Macdonald's case was taken up by the committee in the regular course and on its individual merits. They were advised that in all the circumstances his claim was well founded, and that advice has so far been justified. I need hardly add that County Court judg- ments, however learned and able the judge may be, have never been supposed to form binding precedents in point of law like the judgments of a superior court.—I am, yours, &c., May 23. F, Pouuock. bbe) OMNIUM GATHERUM FOR JUNE. od Subjects for Books or Articles.—The Referen- dum; The Adoption of Children ; Regulation of Advertisements ; The Chicago Conference ; ‘The Heavenly Twins”’; Tennyson's ‘ Timbuctoo”’ ; Altruism in Smoking. Head Lines.-—These are very valuable as guides to a reader, and should be-jointly cared for by printers and author. The mere repetition of the title as the left-hand head line is to be deprecated as waste, for the title is best known from the cover. Double head lines may sometimes be of i THE AUTHOR. use, and in biographies dates. In diaries,- the month as well as the year should be given. Quality before Quantity —It is much easier for an author to write a long book than a short one, and just as cheap fora publisher to advertise a dear book as a cheapone. Beyond doubt, how- ever, from the reader’s point. of view brevity in an author is as valuable as it is rare. specially is this to be noted in the case of biographies, which should very seldom exceed one volume. Acknowledgments of other Authors.—It is sub- mitted that these are better rendered in separate foot-notes beneath the matter acknowledged than in the lump in a preface or elsewhere. Editor and Contributor.—It is suggested that a contributor’s remuneration might be divisible into three (not necessarily equal) independent parts, corresponding to (1) composition; (2) correction of proof; and (3) publication. The relationship of editor and contributor seems to require more definite regulation than it has yet obtained, with the view of satisfying, as far as may be, the desire of the contributor for publica- tion as well as payment, and the desire of the editor for a proper mixture of topical and general articles. The complete satisfaction of both these desires is impossible. Machine-cut Pages—It is suggested that every author should insist on machine-cut pages for his book, offering to bear the expense (which I have been informed is only 10s. per 1000 copies ofan ordinary book) himself, in event of his publisher declining to bear it. The ros. will be returned a hundredfold in better reviewing and more readers. Inducements to Literature-—These are four, being (1) Love of fame, both present and posthu- mous; (2) payment; (3) love of composition, including in “composition” the arrangement of head lines and the choice of type and binding ; and (4) love of influence. The second is the most tangible, and has (hitherto) been the least regulated, but little good literature is consciously produced without some admixture of at least the first three. The Authors’ Club.—The dinners at this club are particularly good. J. M. Lery. nee THE §.P.C.K. AGAIN. . AY I ask you in fairness to admit this letter into your paper, in answer to the article with the above heading, dated April 1. In that article you state that, “A woman who writes popular stories, can produce at her best not more than three in two years—say, even two in a year. She is paid £30 apiece, we will say, for them—zee., she can make £60 a year.” Now the tales for which the Society gives only £30 are very short —z200 pages, more or less—and necessarily very simple. If a womanis so constituted that, while making literature her profession, and ‘giving as much time to it as those do who look to earn their bread by any profession, she can only write two such tales in a year, she had better give up the attempt, and take to something more suited to her capacity. The more ordinary rate of work is this:—The Society, some time in the latter part of November, offers me £80 for a story, whereof not one line is then written, and which they expect to have, and do have, delivered complete by the middle of the following March. This, I may observe, is not specially rapid work, as I live at home and write in the midst of many engagements and distractions, from which women who write for their bread may, if they choose, be free. The Society may, therefore, truly say that they pay me (and others who write for them) at the rate of £240 a year—a very fair remuneration for work that need not strain the energies of any woman “at her best.” I may add that I thoroughly agree with the writer of the letter, which, as you say, reopens the contro- versy of 91. The immense sales of the Society’s books are not chiefly due to the name of the author, or to the name of the Society purely in its capacity as publisher, but to the careful super- vision which is given at the cost of much time and labour, and owing to which hard-worked clergy and others can buy the books by hundreds for school prizes and parish libraries, secure, without reading them, that there will, at any rate, be nothing in them to render them unworthy of that kind of official sanction.” HELEN SHIPTON. Old Brampton Vicarage, Chesterfield. [1. I still think that a “ short story” of about 200 pp., which means 60,000 words, would take so much out of a writer that two in the year is as much as he, or she, should or could attempt. : "2. I still think that £30 paid for work which is well known to the purchaser to be worth three times, or ten times, that sum in the market is a  THE AUTHOR. sweating price, and that to pay sweating prices for work is iniquitous, even for the miserable sweaters of needlewomen — themselves _half- starved. What it is for a religious society, my readers may fill in for themselves. Perhaps it is righteous and just, and an action carried out in the true spirit of the Divine Master’s teaching. 3. The S.P.C.K. pays this lady, she tells us, £80 for a work on which she spends three months and a half. She calls this at the rate of £240 a year. I think that it is nothing of the kind, because I am very certain from long experience that a person who would try three solid works of fiction of good average length in one year would in the second year be writing rubbish, and in the third year drivel. 4. The large sales of the Society are due, says this writer, to the supervision which enables clergymen to buy books in confidence that they will contain nothing contrary to good doctrine. Partly, no doubt. Yet this does not constitute a claim on the property. Take a house; suppose a sanitary engineer at great trouble examines that house and finds it perfectly habitable. Does his report to that effect give him a claim to half the property? Always the same confusion ; always the blindness which cannot see that literary employment, literary pay, literary property are bound by the same laws which regulate other property. You may steal it ; you may underpay and sweat your employés ; you may overreach the producer and take more than your own share. You may even do this with the Blessing of Bishops. Yet the Eighth Commandment remains. ee PREF ACES. MUST respectfully but stoutly protest against my learned friend Mr. Lely’s attempt to lay down a Procrustean rule as to the length of prefaces. One page may be altogether too much, or two pages much too little. The preface to Savigny’s ‘System des Leutigen rémischen Rechts,” one of the best pieces of scientific writing in any language, covers fifty pages, and there is not a word too much of it. Tf Mr. Lely means only that anything shorter _ than two pages should be called a Notice or Advertisement, and anything longer should be called an Introduction, I have no objection to make, except that hard and fast rules of this-kind are apt to give more trouble than they save. ba F. Potioc.. VOL, EV: mo WHAT THE PUBLIC READ. HAVE read with considerable’ imterest the : article in the last issue of the Author on “ Libraries—New and Old.” There is no part of that article which has pleased me so much as the statement that “the mass of people—those whom we regard as having no taste and no cultivation, will always prefer good literature to bad.” My own experience as a librarian, some twenty years ago, of a public library in a large manufacturing town bears out this fact, and I feel sure that a very large proportion of the present librarians of these institutions will be prepared to support the statement. It is one universal experience of those in charge of public libraries that borrowers begin their use of the library by reading the lighter books of fiction, and drift gradually to the better and more satisfying books in the same section of literature, and from this proceed to works of history, travel, science, and the more advanced. books of mental and political philosophy. Numerous instances have come under my own observation, where the reading of “‘ Adam Bede” or “ Westward Ho!” has been anew revelation to a borrower, and which borrower has not been con- tent until he or she has goneright through the works of George Eliot or Charles Kingsley. I could, again, instance cases of youths to whom the read- ing Church’s “ Stories from Homer” has come as a veritable new birth; and those youths, now grown into men with families, have, to my knowledge, gone through most of Car- lyle, Ruskin, John Stuart Mill, and, where they have had access to libraries, Herbert Spencer and Freeman and other historians. If I am not taking up too much of your space, I should like to give a list of the books read during this last winter by two working men who have the run of my own little library. One is a bricklayer and the other a carpenter. Both start work early in the morning, and their time for reading is in the evening and on Sundays. The carpenter is a Devonshire man, and his range of reading is per- fectly amazing. He began last winter by reading Matthew Arnold’s “Culture and Anarchy,’ and followed by reading some of Arnold’s poetry. There followed Grant Allen’s “Colours of Flowers;” Trevelyan’s “Life of Macaulay ;” Stuart Mill’s Three Essays on “ Religion,” “Liberty,” and “Representative Government ; ” Ruskin’s “ Unto this Last” and “ Queen of the Air,” and at the present moment he is reading J. R. Green’s “Conquest of England.” For lighter reading he took “ Peveril of the Peak”’ and “ Romola” to read aloud, as he said, to the wife. c 18 _ THE ‘AUTHOR. My friend the bricklayer tackled at the begin- ning of the winter Carlyle’s “ French Revolution,” and dipped occasionally as he went along in Thiers’, Mignet’s, and Burke’s books on the same subject. John Morley’s “Diderot ” and Frederic Harrison’s ‘Progress and Poverty” have been taken by him, and, although he may not have read the books through from cover to cover, he has done more than glance at them. For fiction he has had “Pendennis” and “ Alec Forbes of Howglen.” The first book taken out of our Stoke Newington Public Library was ‘‘ The Origin of Species,” and that by an elderly working man who is far from being well off in this world’s goods. These are not solitary instances by any means. There is not a librarian throughout the country who could not quote similar cases. The juvenile libraries established in connection with these institutions show that there is a very large proportion of books of light science, travel, and history read by the young borrowers from these libraries. The three-volume novel is dying fast, and I look upon this as good proof that the public taste for literature is upwards, and not down- wards. These three-vol. editions are now rarely bought by public libraries. If we could obtain from the publishers reliable figures of the actual number of copies sold of certain works, I believe that we should have abundance of evidence that the public taste for books is far better than is generally imagined. Tbe record of a day’s issues from any represen- tative public library, or a list of the books read by any average reader of one of these libraries during a given period, would give additional proof in the same direction. It is the supply which creates the demand. The issuing of standard books at low prices,-and the establishing of libraries open to all without let or hindrance, soon produces a large con- stituency of purchasers or borrowers, as the case may be. The sale of reprints, such as Cassell’s National Library series, Walter Scott’s reprints, the Minerva series, the Ancient Classics for English readers, and other sets, could be in- stanced. These have, in many cases, sold by thousands. From a long experience and a close observation, I have no difficulty in coming to the conclusion that the public taste for reading has vastly improved during the last twenty years, and is still improving. I have too much faith in the results of the Elementary Education Act of 1870 to allow me to think otherwise upon the question. THOMAS GREENWOOD. ee HORACE’S ODES, I, 5. ** Quis multa gracilis?” What slender youth, with liquid scents bedewed, Is courting you, on roses thickly strewed, Pyrrha, in pleasant grot ? For whom twist you that golden hair in knot Simple yet charming? Ah! how oft he’ll weep For Heaven’s changed looks, and troth you would not keep, And wonder, slow to learn, How rough in murky winds Love’s sea can turn! Now, lapped in golden joys, he fondly sees You always free, and always glad, to please ; Poor fool ! he little knows The fickle breeze that now so softly blows. Fatal your smile to whom your smile is new! On yonder wall my votive tablet view, And, in the Sea-god’s shrine, Read, how I’ve hung my garments dripping brine. A. S. AGLEN. FEUILLETON. Tue Frre Post-OFFIce. “ My search is for the living gold.”—Lowell. OME years ago I was the honoured recipient S of a letter. It was rather a long one, being written upon both sides of three leaves of foolscap, and filling them well. No sooner was this epistle written—so I learnt afterwards—than the author thereof resolved to burn it; but the fire had gone out by two or three o’clock in the morning, the time when it was finished, so he put it in his pocket, resolving to post it in the fire on the following day. Now, by some curious chance, it came to my hands before the flames had had the opportunity of devouring it. A promise was extorted from me that I would burn it as soon as ever I had done withit. I fully intend to keep my promise, if I am alive to do so, when that time arrives—meanwhile the manuscript remains in my possession. This little incident set me thinking that if all the essays, articles, stories, poems, &c., could come to light again which have been written and posted in the fire by despairing lovers, authors, poets, preachers, and politicians, what extraordinary revelations would be manifested. A kind of “Land of Lost Toys” would rise out of chaos, and the thoughts of many hearts would be revealed. Yet this fire post-office must have done much for the purification of literature, and the good of mankind in general. Some people find mfinite relief in writing down their angry thoughts addressed to the person who has annoyed them,  THE and if these documents are forthwith committed to the flames by the writer of them, no further mischief can ensue. But, after all, this is only a refuge for the weak; it would be better not to in- scribe one’s angry thoughts at all; besides, it wastes the paper! There is, however, a higher and better use for our fire post-office, other than that of a mere safety valve. Let us think of the verses it has consumed ; yet out of the many, many millions not one true, poetic thought has perished. For poetry is as gold, which the fire has power to purify but not destroy. The weak expression of poetic thought is surely better burnt. “Leave the fire ashes, what survives is gold.” It may happen that when the hungry flame has had time to burn itself out, having made a meal of the laboured manuscript of some young artist, and he rakes amongst the ashes, peering into them with eyes still smarting with the smoke, and fumes of disappointment, in which the flames rose up, that he will discover there some- thing that rings true, that gleams in the refuse, something, in fact, that is a lump of purest gold. But it is no longer in the form of poetry that it comes to him, perhaps it is prose; but prose of the high, poetic order, destined to appeal with living force to the great. throbbing, aching heart of mankind. - Thus was Carlyle’s “French Revolution” posted in the fire and took no hurt. Sometimes the thing left by the flames has no part in the world of letters; it turns out to be music, or the art of painting, a power of inven- tion, or best and rarest of all, the gift of loving and making home lovely. Once upon a time there lived a dear boy who wanted to write poetry. Or, at all events, he wanted some adequate means of expressing the strange yearning that fell upon him from time to time, especially in the loveliness of spring-time, when he noted the flickering of the sunlight through young green beech leaves, and longed insanely to be a part of it all, and to distribute this loveliness amongst those who knew it not. He began writing verses, but they were lifeless, and altogether without power to express his thoughts or satisfy the craving, for Still the shadow of our incompteness Spoils our perfect dreams, Just a little lower than our meaning Are our highest themes. With silent tears and salt, wherewith to season his sacrifice, he humbly committed his verses to the flames, and bravely resumed his work at some dull office desk. The boy grew up to bea AUTHOR. 2 man, but he did not write any more poetry, at least not in verse. The sacrifice, however, had been accepted, and the hungry flam-s, when they were appeased, left him his gold. It was with a lavish hand that he dealt it out to a hungry mob. Hungry for happiness, hungry for some of the beauty of life, hungry for highe. and better thoughts. Thus he gave willingly out of the abundance of his own poverty, and surely, in the words of another poet, he might sa : Tam a happier and a richer man Since I have sown this new joy in the earth, "Tis no small thing for us to reap stray mirth In every sunny wayside where we can. eS NOTES AND NEWS. HE delegates to the Chicago Conference | leave England on the 1oth of June. Papers entrusted to them can be posted up to Thursday, the 8th. After that they must be addressed to the “Delegates of the English Society of Authors, care of the Chairman, Literary Congress, World’s Fair, Chicago.” Once more it is requested that members will do their best to increase the importance of the mission, and of the Congress itself, by sending notes and opinions, however short. A memorial is to be erected in Freshwater to the late Poet Laureate. The place was his residence, his favourite residence, for many years. I believe «since the year 1850. There are two proposals before the projectors—a committee formed in Freshwater itself. One is to substitute for the existing wooden beacon on the highest part of the Freshwater Down a stone tower. The other is the erection of a granite monolith in the form of an Iona cross at the corner of Farringdon- lane, along which the poet often walked. The committee ask for £500. About half that sum has already been collected. Among our members there are many, doubtless, who would like to take a part in this memorial to our late President Contributions may be sent to Lieut.-Colone. Will, R.A., Golden Hill Fort, Freshwater. I would suggest, however, that a subscription of quite a small amount—say half-a-crown or five shillings—sent to Mr. Thring might be forwarded by him in a lump, as from our members. Mr. Thring undertakes the trouble of receiving and acknowledging such subscriptions. It is an opportunity for the Society to work together and unanimously. 20 THE AUTHOR. There has been a great deal of talk during the month over Mr. Colles’s paper in the New Review. The subject of literary property possesses a re- markable fascination for those who have no share in it; they are always talking about it. As they know nothing whatever of the subject, they are, of course, the louder and the more positive in their denunciations and contradictions of those who do. It is really quite wonderful to consider the non- sense talked about writers and incomes. Some of it is designed deliberately to deceive and to mis- lead, but most of it is written in pure ignorance, and because everybody who writes a book, or for a newspaper, or for a magazine, believes that this fact at once and by its own inherent virtue ¢on- fers upon him the knowledge of all the statistics, the extent, the prospects, and everything else of literary property. For the most part he begins with declaring—or assuming—that there is no such thing. He has in his mind four rooted prejudices. Thus: 1. Literary property is only valuable by chance. 2. Those who grow rich in literary property are successful gamblers. 3. All who write books are needy mendicants. 4. It is beneath the dignity of genius to con- sider the commercial aspect of literature. Do you doubt the last piece of foolishness ? Then read the following: “ Genius is too shy to be tempted by these many material advantages.” This is a quotation from the Daily Graphic— generally a very sensible paper, which is sometimes allowed to become silly on this subject. Why, the whole of literary history proclaims aloud the fact that genius is only too delighted with as many material advantages as can be offered. The same writer, referring to Mr. Colles’s paper, asks whether the “ protection of literature can create literature?” Yes; in this way. Genius writes best when genius sits in a comfortable library, with well-filled shelves, in a decent house, and without apprehensions as to the dinner of to- morrow. Secure to genius these advantages, and you will enable genius to work. Small, indeed, have been the contributions of genius starving and ragged and dependent. Of course, at the bottom of this question lies the old, old confusion of thought as to the commercial and the literary value of work. The two things cannot be measured by each other. But the confusion will remain. There is, however, the other point which Mr. Colles touched upon—the fact that Necessity—not that of starvation and rags, but ordinary Necessity, the Necessity which stands behind all of us—has caused the production of the best work. One would always most earnestly advise aspirants not to attempt an actual liveli- hood by literature. Let them have something else to lean upon at first. But, once embarked, it is best to feel that work must be done. There was an article in the British Weekly for May 4 on the alleged Decay of Literature, which is a charge, as Mr. Payn points out in the //lustrated, generally advanced by those who do not read it. It touches, also, on Mr. Colles’s paper, calling the writer “an authors’ agent.” This is not polite, but the writer, I suppose, does not know that Mr. Colles—a barrister as well as a writer—has given—literally given—nearly three vears of work to the building up of the Author’s Syndicate—not a publishing house, but a machinery by which authors may get managed for themselves at small expense the practical conduct of their own affairs—such management as the Society cannot give. Now, this three years’ work has made Mr. Colles practi- cally the greatest living master of the subject— far greater than any single publisher or any editor can be. He knows the practice of every house and every magazine; he also knows, as a Father Confessor, the private affairs of authors by the dozen. But the fact is not generally understood. However, the article contains a passage which shows the conventional way of looking at things, and adds another maxim to the stock of four prejudices above enumerated. It is this, and it makes the fifth : 5. Good work can never become popular. This is the passage: The projectors of new magazines would be insane if they went to the best writers and asked them to deal seriously with important subjects. They must choose what will attract readers, and that, as a rule, is not literature. There are modest pecuniary rewards for good work still; a remnant is left. But great circulations and huge payments mean in nearly every instance the robbery, impoverishment, and degradation of literature. The italics are ours. My knowledge is not so great as that of Mr. Colles, but I suppose it will . not be reckoned as presumptive if I “claim,” as the Americans say, some knowledge after eight years’ work in the Society. If I were a projector of a new magazine, I would imitate the Con- temporary and the New ; I would go to the very best men that we have got and I should ask them to “deal seriously with important sub- jects.” As regards the books and subjects that attract readers, I refer to Mr. Thomas Greenwood’s paper on this subject (p. 17), in which you ewill see what the public does read, and therefore-what it wants. As for great circulations and huge pay-  — @ THE AUTHOR. ments meaning mere “robbery, impoverishment, and degradation of literature ”—one simply stares and wonders. How about Walter Scott, Dickens, Byron, Pope, Thackeray, George Eliot ? Did their immense circulation, their huge pay- ments, impoverish and degrade their work ? But of what is the writer thinking? Something else must be in his mind. Does he mean that when a great and popular writer such as Scott or Dickens produces a work like “ Ivanhoe”’ or “David Copperfield,’ which has an immense circulation, and brings in huge sums of money, the publisher is to keep all the proceeds ? Here, again, comes in the customary confusion of ideas. It must not be allowed that there can be any such thing as literary property. Good work gets modest pecuniary reward. Big rewards mean bad work. Why? Because the people won’t have anything but bad work. Again, let us refer to Mr. Thomas Greenwood’s paper; and again, let us remember that Mr. Colles writes what is, not what he thinks may be, and that separates him by a vast gult, which cannot be crossed, from the other people who write perpetually about literary property. And let us remember that when we speak of literary property we are not speaking of novels, we are speaking of all kinds of literary property, educational—a branch far wider than that of fiction—historical, scientific, dramatic, artistic, everything. It is to be hoped that Mr. Colles will issue his paper separately with addi- tions and facts to strengthen his case. No answer has been proffered to my questions on the French Academy in the Author of last month. I have, however, made certain inquiries. I find, first of all, that, so far as I can learn, not a single volume, essay, paper, or article has been published in the English language upon the influence of the Academy, excepting a certain paper by Matthew Arnold. That it has been the subject of innumerable epigrams in France we all know. That it has never been seriously attacked in France we also know. So in this country the Royal Academy of Arts has been stung and teased by epigrams, but has never been seriously attacked by artists either singly or collectively. Tt is an institution which must remain. All that has been attempted is to attack its methods of election, exhibition, and instruction. How, then, has the prejudice against the French Academy, which undoubtedly exists among, many of our greatest scholars and most honoured men of Jetters, arisen? ‘This is the question that I want answered.. With what trammels did the ‘Academy. bound-and vex the genius of Beranger 21 or Victor Hugo? How was Voltaire bound and fettered by the Academy? These are questions which may very fitly occupy the columns of the Author ; and I hope that we may arrive, by means of this question, at some solid groundwork of fact. Meantime, I submit, or repeat, my own view, apart from the question of influence, effect, or trammels, into which I am not prepared, off hand, to enter. I contend that it is most important that a nation should be instructed, and constantly reminded, of the things most worthy of honour; that national distinctions—unless we admit, as Englishmen do, ‘hereditary distinctions—ought not to exist or to be granted for any other cause than achievement in the lines which are worthy of honour; that mere money getting is not one of those achievements, though the advance of the nation by enterprise, forethought, and quick sight in commercial matters un- doubtedly is one of those achievements—witness the splendid history of Thomas Gresham ; that art, literature, and science are, as clearly as the professions of arms, diplomacy, administration, law, and justice, objects worthy of the highest honour ; that in national and official Functions, on all occasions of State, to pass over the followers of art, literature, and science, as if they did not exist, is unworthy of a civilised nation; that to withhold from them the national distinctions argues either that these distinctions are worth- less and below the consideration of cultured men— but, in that case why are they accepted by those men, of the highest culture and intellect, who sit upon the judicial bench?—or that artists and authors are beneath the consideration of the State. These are my propositions. Ihave talked them over with a good many men of reason. I cannot pretend to have carried every one with me; but I have certainly carried most of those with whom I have talked. As for reasons against these pro- positions, I have heard none. It seems nonsense to say that artists and poets ought to be contented with their own work. This was said some time ago by Lord Selborne, a lawyer whom the world justly holds in the greatest respect. But, that being so, why was he not contented with being plain Mister Palmer? It is always alleged that there would be intolerable jealousies. Perhaps, jealousies: there is a good deal of humanity about men of imagination ; they suffer from what Emerson called the over-soul ; but not intolerable jealousies ; not worse than are found among barristers and among city men. To counter- balance these jealousies the French Academy seems to confer upon its members exactly the kind  22 of distinction which best suits men of letters ; they are not confounded with the ordinary Orders, and yet they receive national honour and national rank. As a correspondent writes to me, “the Academy confers upon men of letters a status which is both honourable and envied. In this way at least it has proved most serviceable to litera- ture.” One has only to compare the position of the men of letters in this country for the last 200 years with that of-the men of letters in France for the same period, in order to under- stand what the Academy has done in this respect. That the French Academy is too limited in numbers ; that its method of election is humiliat- ing to those who wish to enter its ranks; that 1t has too often passed over good men, may be admitted. Having re-stated my humble view, once more I ask, What are those trammels by which the Academy is-alleged to have hampered literature ? In another column we reproduce, by permission of the author and of the editor, the two papers written for the Pall Mall Gazette by Sir Frederick Pollock on Publishing. They appeared on May 1 and May 4. The importance of these papers is that the problems they discuss are seriously treated by a lawyer for the first time since we began to consider our position in the offices of the Society and in the pages of our journal. Our chairman of committee does not expect that everybody will agree with him abso- lutely and in all points. But I think that most of us are with him in essentials. It must be observed that his challenge for a discussion has not been taken up. TI do not think, indeed, that it will be. One letter, signed “A Publisher,’ was written with the view of diverting the attent- tion from the real points at issue. Otherwise there is an apparent desire to avoid discussion. Sir Frederick Pollock, among other points, lays stress upon the following (the inverted commas do not always mean Sir Frederick’s own words) :— 1. “There is no such thing as an abstract fair share in profits.” That is perfectly true. But the same maxim applies to all kinds of business. All we can ask for is such an adjustment of profits as may be recognised by honourable men on all sides as reasonable. 2. “There should be no mystery as to the Cost of Production.” 3. The “establishment” charges. On this subject I refer to certain remarks of mine ~ printed on p. to. When, I ask, the “establishment charges.” have been made, what claim ‘has the publisher for anything else P?: What has: he: dotie?: : Let’ us -hear-.what ‘he ‘himself THE AUTHOR. thinks. The book is sent to press, advertised, bound, delivered, and accounted for by the establishment. It is quite a thing of routine. What else has the publisher done ? 4. ‘ Accounts, full and true, must be rendered. There must be no falsifying of accounts—no secret profits.” And all the world cried “ Hear!” 5. “ The sale of copyright is not advisable in a work of pure literature.” I do not agree with this. I think that if a fair price is paid it may be best for the author to sell. He has, at least, nofurther trouble. Now, a popular known author knows pretty well, or can ascertain through his agent, the extent of his popularity. Thus, if under a fair royalty his. book would produce £a a year fora term of years, or, what is more likely, a kind of descending series of arithmetical progression — say the following: a+(a—b)+(a—26)+4+... for m years, when it will vanish or nearly vanish, it may be worth the author’s while to accept a sum representing the equivalent of that series in full. 6. “ For advertisements only the actual cost— the money paid—must be charged.” “This does not include books published on com- mission, in which case the publisher is clearly entitled to charge for advertising in his own magazine.” Yes, but after the author has con- sented to make that an organ for advertising his book, and only to a certain defined extent. Very good. These papers embody in other words—and fresher words—the principles which we have advocated for eight years. No secret profits; no mystery of accounts; open dealing. These are the essentials. SEERA Caen” A lady journalist, it is reported, has been informing an interviewer that she makes by her profession, and by working no more than an hour and a half every day, the very respectable income of a thousand pounds a year. This was only a week ago. A thousand pounds a year! Hark! Do you hear? It is the frow frou of a hundred thousand skirts, the rush of two hundred thousand feet, the cry of a hundred thousand tongues. Like lightnings are the flashings of their eyes— forked lightnings before which editors will sink and fall. For they, too, are crowding into the profession. A thousand a year! The accountants at fifteen shillings a week, the cashiers at twelve, the typewriters at a pound, the translators, foreign correspondence clerks, shorthand clerks, gover- nesses and teachers, writers of penny novelettes, nurses, lady guides—all are throwing up their meagre appointments, and -are rushing into the calling which gives a thousand pounds:a year, three pounds -a day,: for. an‘ hour: and a-half's  THE AUTHOR. 23 work—two pounds an hour! Who ever dreamed of getting two pounds an hour? Why this lazy person, so indifferent to her own interest, if she worked for twelve hours a day, which her sisters have to do for a pound a week— threepence ha’penny an hour, only threepence ha’penny ! —might make four and twenty pounds a day if she chose—say, seven thousand two hundred pounds a year! What a chance! We shall hear no more of women’s cheap labour. All that is over. A thousand pounds a year! Two pounds an hour! Seven thousand two hundred pounds a year! All the roads that lead to London are variegated with all the hues that feminine costume can assume; there is & movement; there is a swift and turbulent current; they pour by thousands out of the trains; they rush in the glorious might and majesty of these incalculable thousands along the streets; the offices of all the journals are blocked. Two pounds an hour! Oh! What a chance! What a chance! WALTER BESANT. WHY A CONGRESS? HE following cutting is from a paper by Mr. Andrew Lang in the ///ustrated London News: An Authors’ Congress is a dire thing to think over. What have we to go congressing about? We write, and sell our writings as well as we can, or as well as we can take trouble about selling them, or we employ an agent; and there, surely, should be an end of the matter. Are we to tell publishers’ stories as some people tell ghost stories, with extreme solemnity, at a public conference ? Story for story, one would prefer a conference of a ghostly character. Perhaps there may be such a congress—every- thing is possible. There are, it is quite certain, two classes of literary men: the one which understands the existence of literary property ; and the other which cannot believe or understand that literature is, or can be, concerned with a mate- rial side —that there exists such a thing as literary property. Any attempt to explain or to show to this class that literary property is a very real thing and a very large thing irritates them. First they profess that it does not exist; next, they pretend that no man of genius ever paid the least attention to literary property—it is, of course, in vain that you point to the names of Scott, Byron, Dickens, Thackeray, Bulwer Lytton, George Eliot, Charles Reade, Wilkie Collins, and a hundred others, whose genius is as undoubted as were their ability and their-resolution. to-pro- tect their own interests. In spite of those names and examples, they hold up their hands and point to the sordidness of looking after literary property. ‘“ We sell our wares and there’s an end,” says Mr. Andrew Lang. But suppose we do not sell our wares; suppose we retain our property and either do not sell it at all but keep it, as some men keep house property, or sell it only after carefully ascertaining that we get a proper equivalent for it Of course it is useless arguing with this class. One reason of their blindness is, as has been frequently pointed out, the confusion of ideas which mixes up commercial value with literary value. If every good book was bound to become a popular book, then not to be popular would be a sure and certain sign of literary failure. If this were the case, then would Mr. Walter Pater, for example, be a dead failure beside the popular novelist of the day. But, of course, it is not the case. Then what is the good of a Literary Congress ? There are more things about literature than the selling of wares for what they will fetch. Litera- ture is not all standing hat in hand with bending knees and bowing back, entreating the generosity of the man with the bag. Too much there is of this, and always has been. It is the hope of those who work in this Society to abolish what is left. How, then, is literature itselfi—not the selling value of literature—assisted by the promotion of the independence of those who write? It is an absurd question, but one has to put it once in three months. It is, to begin with, certain that the man who is tied and bound by miserable conditions of life-——who is cheated, starved, dependent, humiliated—can never pro- duce his best work. The finest work that the world has ever seen has been produced under circumstances of physical and material wellbeing, with a reasonable amount of self-respect. All the writers mentioned above—to whom must be added such names as Southey, Wordsworth, Lamb, Keats, Tennyson, Browning—have written under conditions of comparative independence. Grub-street has turned out a little respectable work, but most of its work has been distinctly ephemeral and mediocre. A literary congress, therefore, must deal in the first instance with literary property. Such themes as copyright, domestic and international, the exist- ing conditions of law, either at home or abroad ; the relations: of authors and publishers; the various methods of publishing; ‘ syndicate” publishing. These are topics which immediately present themselves ; they are fresh because they. have never been openly discussed ;: that ‘is; while ‘a great deal has ‘been’ written.:upon them, they 22 THE AUTHOR. of distinction which best suits men of letters ; they are not confounded with the ordinary Orders, and yet they receive national honour and national rank. As a correspondent writes to me, “the Academy confers upon men of letters a status which is both honourable and envied. In this way at least it has proved most serviceable to litera- ture.” One has only to compare the position of the men of letters in this country for the last 200 years with that of-the men of letters in France for the same period, in order to. under- stand what the Academy has done in this respect. That the French Academy is too limited in numbers; that its method of election is humiliat- ing to those who wish to enter its ranks; that 1t has too often passed over good men, may be admitted. Having re-stated my humble view, once more I ask, What are those trammels by which the Academy is alleged to have hampered literature ? In another column we reproduce, by permission of the author and of the editor, the two papers written for the Pall Mall Gazette by Sir Frederick Pollock on Publishing. They appeared on May 1 and May 4. The importance of these papers is that the problems they discuss are seriously treated by a lawyer for the first time since we began to consider our position in the offices of the Society and in the pages of our journal. Our chairman of committee does not expect that everybody will agree with him abso- lutely and in all points. But I think that most of us are with him in essentials. It must be observed that his challenge for a discussion has not been taken up. TI do not think, indeed, that it will be. One letter, signed ‘A Publisher,” was written with the view of diverting the attent- tion from the real points at issue. Otherwise there is an apparent desire to avoid discussion. Sir Frederick Pollock, among other points, lays stress upon the following (the inverted commas do not always mean Sir Frederick’s own words) :— 1. “There is no such thing as an abstract fair share in profits.” That is perfectly true. But the same maxim applies to all kinds of business. All we can ask for is such an adjustment of profits as may be recognised by honourable men on all sides as reasonable. 2. “There should be no mystery as to the Cost of Production.” 3. The “establishment” charges. On this subject I refer to certain remarks of mine ~ printed on p. io. When, I ask, the “éstablishment charges.” have been made, what éldim has the publisher for anything else ??* What has" he: dotie?: : Let’ us ‘hear what ‘he ‘himself thinks. The book is sent to press, advertised, bound, delivered, and accounted for by the establishment. It is quite a thing of routine. What else has the publisher done ? 4. ‘ Accounts, full and true, must be rendered. There must be no falsifying of accounts—no secret profits.” And all the world cried “ Hear!” 5. “The sale of copyright is not advisable in a work of pure literature.” ; T do not agree with this. I think that if a fair price is paid it may be best for the author to sell. He has, at least, no further trouble. Now,a popular known author knows pretty well, or can ascertain through his agent, the extent of his popularity. Thus, if under a fair royalty his. book would produce £a a year for a term of years, or, what is more likely, a kind of descending series of arithmetical progression — say the following: a+(a—b)+(a—26)+4+... for n years, when it will vanish or nearly vanish, it may be worth the author’s while to accept a sum representing the equivalent of that series in full. 6. “For advertisements only the actual cost— the money paid—must be charged.” “This does not include books published on com- mission, in which case the publisher is clearly entitled to charge for advertising in his own magazine.” Yes, but after the author has con- sented to make that an organ for advertising his book, and only to a certain defined extent. Very good. These papers embody in other words—and fresher words—the principles which we have advocated for eight years. No secret profits; no mystery of accounts; open dealing. These are the essentials. — A lady journalist, it is reported, has been informing an interviewer that she makes by her profession, and by working no more than an hour and a half every day, the very respectable income of a thousand pounds a year. This was only a week ago. A thousand pounds a year! Hark! Do you hear? It is the frow frow of a hundred thousand skirts, the rush of two hundred thousand feet, the cry of a hundred thousand tongues. Like lightnings are the flashings of their eyes— forked lightnings before which editors will sink and fall. For they, too, are crowding into the profession. A thousand a year! The accountants at fifteen shillings a week, the cashiers at twelve, the typewriters at a pound, the translators, foreign correspondence clerks, shorthand clerks, gover- nesses and teachers, writers of penny novelettes, nurses, lady guides—all are throwing up their meagre appointments, and -are rushing into the calling which gives a thousand pounds:a year, three pounds:a day, for. an: hour: and a -half's  THE AUTHOR. work—two pounds an hour! Who ever dreamed of getting two pounds an hour? Why this lazy person, so indifferent to her own interest, if she worked for twelve hours a day, which her sisters have to do for a pound a week— threepence ha’penny an hour, only threepence ha’penuy! —might make four and twenty pounds a day if she chose—say, seven thousand two hundred pounds a year! What a chance! We shall hear no more of women’s cheap labour. All that is over. A thousand pounds a year! Two pounds an hour! Seven thousand two hundred pounds a year! All the roads that lead to London are variegated with all the hues that feminine costume can assume; there is a movement; there is a swift and turbulent current; they pour by thousands out of the trains; they rush in the glorious might and majesty of these incalculable thousands along the streets; the offices of all the journals are blocked. Two pounds an hour! Oh! What a chance! What a chance! WaLterR Besant. eS WHY A CONGRESS? HE following cutting is from a paper by Mr. Andrew Lang in the //lustrated London News: An Authors’ Congress is a dire thing to think over. What have we to go congressing about? We write, and sell our writings as well as we can, or as well as we can take trouble about selling them, or we employ an agent; and there, surely, should be an end of the matter. Are we to tell publishers’ stories as some people tell ghost stories, with extreme solemnity, at a public conference ? Story for story, one would prefer a conference of a ghostly character. Perhaps there may be such a congress—every- thing is possible. There are, it is quite certain, two classes of literary men: the one which understands the existence of literary property ; and the other which cannot believe or understand that literature is, or can be, concerned with a mate- rial side — that there exists such a thing as literary property. Any attempt to explain or to show to this class that literary property is a very real thing and a very large thing irritates them. First they profess that it does not exist; next, they pretend that no man of genius ever paid the least attention to literary property—it is, of course, in vain that you point to the names of Scott, Byron, Dickens, Thackeray, Bulwer Lytton, George Eliot, Charles Reade, Wilkie Collins, and a hundred others, whose -genius is as undoubted as were their ability and their resolution. to-pro- 23 tect their own interests. In spite of those names and examples, they hold up their hands and point to the sordidness of looking after literary property. ‘We sell our wares and there’s an end,” says Mr. Andrew Lang. But suppose we do not sell our wares; suppose we retain our property and either do not sell it at all but keep it, as some men keep house property, or sell it only after carefully ascertaining that we get a- proper equivalent for it ? Of course it is useless arguing with this class. One reason of their blindness is, as has been frequently pointed out, the confusion of ideas which mixes up commercial value with literary value. If every good book was bound to become a popular book, then not to be popular would be a sure and certain sign of literary failure. If this were the case, then would Mr. Walter Pater, for example, be a dead failure beside the popular novelist of the day. But, of course, it is not the case. Then what is the good of a Literary Congress ? There are more things about literature than the selling of wares for what they will fetch. Litera- ture is not all standing hat in hand with bending knees and bowing back, entreating the generosity of the man with the bag. Too much there is of this, and always has been. It is the hope of those who work in this Society to abolish what is left. How, then, is literature itselfi—not the selling value of literature—assisted by the promotion of the independence of those who write? It is an absurd question, but one has to put it once in three months. It is, to begin with, certain that the man who is tied and bound by miserable conditions of life-——who is cheated, starved, dependent, humiliated—can never pro- duce his best work. The finest work that the world has ever seen has been produced under circumstances of physical and material wellbeing, with a reasonable amount of self-respect. All the writers mentioned above—to whom must be added such names as Southey, Wordsworth, Lamb, Keats, Tennyson, Browning—have written under conditions of comparative independence. Grub-street has tured out a little respectable work, but most of its work has been distinctly ephemeral and mediocre. A literary congress, therefore, must deal in the first instance with literary property. Such themes as copyright, domestic and international, the exist- ing conditions of law, either at home or abroad ; the relations: of authors and publishers; the various methods of publishing; : “ syndicate” publishing. These are topics which immediately present themselves ; they are fresh because they have never been openly discussed ;: that ‘is, while ‘a great. deal has ‘been’ written--upon:them, they 24 THE AUTHOR. have not in modern times often occupied the attention of men who are trained and accustomed to consider the facts and the evidence, and they are absolutely vital to all who desire to abolish the servility and dependence of Grub-street. There are, again, other questions of the greatest importance, e.g., the place of literature in educa- tion; the position and the duties of a critic; the standards of criticism; literature in the news- papers; realism in fiction; poetry, fiction, the drama of thefuture. There are also the hundred questions which have been treated in these columns during the last few years. Finally, it will be the duty of such a conference to impress upon the whole world that literature, like the law or medicine, is concerned with a vast and a rapidly growing property. There is no doubt that some of the contempt which has been freely poured upon the calling of letters, and is still poured upon it, is due to the prejudice which regards literary menas a set of needy mendicants, beggarly, helpless, whose only business, as Mr. Andrew Lang puts it, is to “sell their wares, and there’s an end.” eg CORRESPONDENCE. I. Donations oF Booxs By AUTHORS. I should like to know what is the general feeling as to the advisability of authors giving away copies of their books to casual applicants. The following letter is, surely, of supreme interest. I suppress, of course, all that is personal. DEAR Str,—I am forming, for behoof of all who shall succeed me here, a most unique library, chiefly of works presented by their authors. Will you, sir, kindly give one of your to [the] said library, and, to make it the more valuable, write your name therein as donor? Already 122 authors (some of great renown) have sent me books; and I should indeed feel most grateful if I might now add to them one of yours. I am, dear sir, yours most faithfully, X. Y. Z. For my own part, I think the conduct of the “122 authors, some of great renown,” is most disloyal and mischievous. The application was quite of a private nature, and the applicant had no case at all. I should like to have the names of the 122, and to represent to them that I am myself desirous of increasing my own library, and that I am a much more deserving object of charity. Probably I should then, in every case, receive a refusal. But why, in the name of common fairness, should such a result be possible? Why refuse me, an author and a brother, whilst at the same time they unhesitatingly grant the request to a total stranger ? Watter W. Sxnat. I am now in a position to add a sequel to the above correspondence. I replied to “X. Y. Z.,” using the familiar argument that a butcher is not expected to give away a leg of mutton, nor a tailor a pair of trousers. This elicited the following reply : Dear Srr,—I am delighted with your letter indeed—it ischarming! No doubt there issomething in what you say, but not much! On the other hand, I can scarcely under- stand why an author gives his brain-creations away for nought if he is hard up for cash; but, if he isn’t, I cannot for the life of me see why he should hesitate to do a kind- ness to a long succession of poor (probably poor, unless they have private means) parsons! Of course, if a heap of fellows started the formation of libraries at the expense, and by the kindness and generosity, of authors good, bad and indifferent—as you say (I did not say this)—there would be mighty little chance of said authors earning their bread and cheese—to say nothing of legs of mutton and the regulation pants—but a heap of fellows (not my expression !) is not likely to do so; and more, if they did, they wouldn’t succeed! I’m the first in the field, and I’ve had some most amusing letters in consequence, nearly always, though, accompanied by the book I ask for! The number of authors (who have given me books) is now 126, and to-morrow it is bound to be 130. If you willsend me a jolly book, I'll send you their names. Is ita bargain? My bishop comes here on Trinity Sunday, and I want to show hima big library containing big books by big men; and of big men you are one. Thanking you for your laughter-producing letter, I am, dear Sir, yours most faithfully, KoVoms Why my letter produced laughter I cannot say. It only shows that my correspondent still finds it impossible to treat as serious, any form of remon- strance. I confess that his success only seems to me to emphasise the degrading estimation in which authors are held. It is considered fair to cajole them or bully them, but absurd to treat them with common justice. Will anyone support me in refusing these insulting demands? As to “xX. Y. Z.” being “the first in the field,” it is false. It is a very old mancuvre. Watter W. SKEAT. II. ANONYMOUS OR SIGNED REVIEWS. An Experience. That a certain proportion of reviews must be unfavourable, and some more or less severely so, is, of course, a mere truism. But does not this fact in itself afford the strongest argu- ment against anonymous reviewing, and show it to be a barbarism without parallel in our social. life? Stabbing a man in the dark, whether the stab is deserved or not, is essen tially repugnant to all the best instincts of the ordinary Englishman. Thus, if for this reason only, it may fairly be assumed that both re- viewers and editors would be glad to see such a custom fall into disuse. That the more general 1: | ; 12 * Pt  THE AUTHOR. 25 substitution of signed for unsigned reviews would necessarily tend to place the work of the reviewer upon an altogether higher literary level, seems to me unquestionable. At the same time, it seems equally certain that it would do more than anything else to lessen the, at least occa- sional grievance under which reviewers are said to suffer, viz., that having regard to the current rates of payment, they cannot afford time to “ putin” what would satisfy themselves as really responsible work. Thus it seems to me that the interests of authors, of editors, and of reviewers, no less than those of the reading public, would all be served by a change in the present system of anonymity. The Author presses its readers to illustrate any point under debate by the facts of their own experience. My experience in the case of a book published some three years ago (** Historic Relation of the Gospels”) is as follows :—With one exception, the unsigned reviews have been marked by the following characteristics: (a) They have been very short. (6) They have all been more or less decidedly unfavourable, whilst two may be said to have been supremely con- temptuous. (c) They have given a verdict either wholly unsupported by evidence, or supported only by flippant sarcasm or irrelevant common- place. The signed reviews have been less numerous (five as compared with some fifteen). On the other hand, any one of four of them would about equal in length the whole of the unsigned ones put together. In this case, also, with one excep- tion (Professor Sanday—see article quoted in advertisement), the characteristics have been of a diametrically opposite type. Thus: (a) They have been exceptionally lengthy. (6) They have been highly eulogistic. (c) They have supported their verdict by the amplest evidence. Doubtless this experience will make my advo- cacy of signed reviews appear prejudiced. Still, treating the Author's invitation as a command, I give it for what it is worth. In connection with this subject might not some such idea as the following be worked out’ Readily available arbitration would be at once a safeguard and a safety valve. Why should not a right of appeal lie against a review to the Authors’ Society, and why should not the Society decide whether it was or was not a case in which both reviewed and reviewer - should consent to leave the matter to a referee ? The reviewer refusing such a challenge would, on judgment going by default, be for all prac- tical purposes sufficiently condemned. The'édsts of. such arbitration might be in the nature of a fine following the judgment in the case, and going, let us say, to the funds of the Authors’ Society. By way of illustration: I should claim arbitra- tion'as between myself and Professor Sanday. {In the appeal to the Society I should set forth : 1. That the four documents about which we dis- agree are as much and as manifestly one as the body of a violin and the strings affixed to it. 2. That from a critical and scientific point of view, to separate these documents wholly destroys what the ancients termed “ the evangelical instru- ment.” 3. That the separation of the documents excludes all classification of the internal evidences of the subject, and in fact where it does, not wholly obliterate such evidences renders them absolutely unintelligible. 4. That as by so sepa- rating the documents Professor Sanday has ipso facto debarred himself from all study of the most elementary facts of our subject, his views upon it must necessarily stand in much the same relation to scientific criticism as the noise made by a cat running over the keyboard of a piano stands to music. Professor Sanday, on the other hand, would formulate his own contention with reference to any of the multitudinous and conflicting Synoptic or three-document theories between which he oscillates. Between opinions so widely divergent, and both professing to rest exclusively upon evidence the referee could hardly fail to give a fairly satis- factory and conclusive verdict. ‘As matters stand at present, I have addressed a perfectly courteous remonstrance both to Pro- fessor Sanday and to the editor of the Expositor. But from neither have I succeeded in extracting a single word on the subject, much less any pro- mise to give reasons for their summary condemna- tion of a work which, whether right or wrong in its conclusions, cost some fourteen years of almost uninterrupted labour. Tf these things are done in the green tree, what will be done in the dry? If this is the example set and for more than two years deliberately persevered in by an Oxford divinity professor and the editor of one of the first critical journals in the kingdom, can we wonder if such an example is sometimes bettered by less responsible writers and editors ? There are a good many reasons, or, I should say, many good reasons, for belonging to the Authors’ Society. But let me assure any who doubt it that it is well worth the small subscrip- tion, if only to secure on occasion a legitimate outlet for a downright hearty growl. J. J. HALCOMBE. III. Frenco Law. Would any member kindly give me the name of a French book giving the outlines of French law ina popular form? Such a book does exist, but name and author cannot be recalled. ey “AT THE SIGN OF THE AUTHOR'S HEAD.” upon a novel for the “Gentlewomen’s Library,” which is to appear under the poetic title of “Claud and Maude.”” This volume will be followed by a book upon “ Dress” by Mrs. Douglas, who has showed by her articles in various periodicals that frocks and fashions are capable of literary treatment. Her forthcoming book deals with the subject of feminine costume from the poetic as well as the historic aspect, and contains an interesting chapter entitled “ Dress and the Affections.” Mr. Richard Marsh, whose novel, “ The Devil’s Diamond,” attracted some attention a little while ago, has written a new novel dealing with mystery. and magic, called- “The Mahatma’s Pupil.” os Mr. Arthur Innes has collected the pleasant little series of papers on the modern poets, which he has recently contributed to the Monthly Packet into book form under the title of ‘ Seers and Singers.” The essays are a comparative study of characteristic poems by the Brownings, Tennyson, Matthew Arnold, and Wordsworth. Miss Dorothea Gerard has written a new novel called “ Lot 18,” the first instalment of which will appear in the July number of the Monthly Packet. “Memorable Paris Houses” is the title of a new book by Mr. Wilmot Harrison, the author of a similar volume dealing with famous London houses. Some interesting illustrations of historic houses and portraits of the celebrities who inhabited them will accompany the letterpress. Mrs. Molesworth, the popular writer of children’s books, has an instructive and thought- ful paper in the current number of Atalanta on the writing of story books for children. She does not believe that success in other branches of literary work necessarily qualifies a writer to become a happy story teller for children. She regards the power as a distinct gift and one to be very reverently regarded. Mrs. Molesworth dis- approves of much modern literature intended for \ l ISS JEAN MIDDLEMASS is engaged THE. AUTHOR. children, which is concerned with analyses of children’s characters, and their relations with their parents. She thinks books for little children should contain nothing that is not beautiful and designed to make them happier. A thin little volume of verse, containing some sweet singing, is Maud Egerton King’s “ My Book of Songs and Sonnets.” Mrs. King, who is the daughter of Mr. Hine, the well-known artist, published some time ago a little book called “ Poems of a Child,” which attracted favourable attention. She is at her best when she is least under the influence of some of the great modern poets and gives play to her own powers of delicate poetic expression. ‘Young Tree in Spring” is a graceful and tender little piece. Miss Annie Mathieson, the author of “ The Religion of Humanity”? and other poems, is engaged upon a volume of lyrics, which will shortl be published by Sampson Low, under the title of “Tove’s Music.” One of the most pathetic of the poems deals with the contrast between the wreath-laden coffin of a prince and the newly- made grave of a pauper on which a single snow- drop had been dropped. A little volume of sermons called “ Faith ” has been written by Mr. Beeching, one of the authors of “Love in Idleness” and ‘“ Love’s Looking Glass.’ The sermons, which are written with grace and simplicity, show much of the catholicity and humanity which seem to distinguish the younger clergymen—especially the Balliol men— who came under the influence of Arnold Toynbee. Mr. Beeching is the rector of Yattendon, the village where Robert Bridges lives and works. Mr. J. Ll. W. Page, author of the books called “ Dartmoor’’ and ‘‘ Exmoor,’ has in the press a work called “Rivers of Devon.” It will be published by Messrs. Seeley and Co., with illus- trations by Mr. Alexander Ansted. There will bea large paper edition of 250 copies only at 12s. 6d., and an ordinary edition at 7s. 6d. Mr. L. T. Hobhouse has written a volume for the Reformers’ Book Shelf series, which will shortly be published by Mr. Fisher Unwin. It deals with “The Labour Movement,” and has a preface from the pen of Mr. Haldane, M.P. Mr. Joseph Mills has written a biography of the late John Bright, which will be published in the Friends’ Shilling Biographical Series. Mr. Mills was a personal friend of the great states- man, and the book will be a more intimate record than any that has yet appeared. Miss Prentiss, the American writer, has written a little volume of poems Thoughts.” called “ Fleeting  THE. AUTHOR. -Mr. Andrew Chalmers in his “Red Cross Romance” has made a praiseworthy effort to write a historical poem. One cannot help, how- ever, feeling some surprise that such common- place and hackneyed lines as Great Lord of life! what length of days - Hast though assigned to me ; How far along life’s pleasant ways Shall I be led by Thee ? with the remaining verses at the same level, “should have fonnd their way far and wide,” and “bodied forth a clearer life ideal to many unknown people.” There is an absence of effort and a scholarly grace and tenderness about Mr. Robert Bingley’s unpretentious little paper-covered book of verse called “Border Lands,’ which make it pleasing reading. “Under the Cross”? which gives a picture of the great city soon after dawn, con- tains some touching and moving lines with ever and again a true note of poetry. The last lines addressed to a child flower-seller asleep on the steps of St. Paul’s are Wake, then, ere the roses die; and the angel who bade thee sleep, In ies cea of acareless city, little wandering footsteps keep. Under the title of “St. Paul’s Cathedral Library,” Dr. Sparrow: Simpson, librarian of St. Paul’s, has published a catalogue of the contents of -certain sections of the collection. The library contains altogether 21,176 volumes; a complete catalogue of it would therefore be a work of considerable magnitude. Instead of attempting such a task, Dr. Simpson has very wisely elected to confine himself to a few depart- ments—and those the most generally interesting —of his charge. He has accordingly set forth here a description of the Bibles, liturgical books, books about St. Paul’s, books about London, maps and views of London and St. Paul’s, and various miscellanea, concluding with a list of the preachers at St. Paul’s in connection with the three great religious societies. The “Philosophy of the Beautiful” is not exactly a novel theme, but Prof. Knight, who has just written a volume for the University Extension series, manages to say something fresh about it. Poetry, Painting, and Dancing are all discussed in a way that is at once popular and scholarly. “A Fellowship of Song” is the title of a volume of poems by three poets—Messrs. Hayes, Norman Gale, and he Gallienne. It is~ to be issued from the “ Rugby Press,” and will be presented to subscribers in a novel and elegant Each contributor will have a separate form. to write. 27 title-page to himself printed in a special colour, with a pretty silk book-marker to match. Mr. Hayes sings “From Midland Meadows,” Mr. Gale «A Verdant Country,” whilst Mr. Le Gallienne’s share is prettily described as “ Night- ingales.”’ M. Paul Ginesty has, says a Daily News correspondent, got Ibsen to write a preface for his work on the literature of the nineteenth century. The Norwegian author’s text is “‘ Hope,” and he tells of the difficulties which he had to face in youth, to encourage others to struggle as he did. Authorship at the beginning brought him neither honour nor profit. One of his early experiences. was having to carry an unsold edition of one of his works to a grocer’s to dispose of it as waste-paper. He had to give lessons, to do clerk’s work, and otherwise earn money enough to get a university degree. The revolutionary wave of 1848-49 first moved him to come forward as a poet. He wrote an inflated ode to King Uscar I. calling on him to place himself at_the head of the weak and ill-used classes. This missed the effect Ibsen aimed at, the king he thus addressed having no wish to play the part of a second Charles XII. One of the circumstances which first drew attention to Tbsen at Grunstadt, where he was a. student, was his having in his thesis for his degree stood up for Catalina against Sallust and Cicero. The examiners not liking this departure froma tradi- tional opinion, and showing their -displeasure, Ibsen sat up the following night to set forth his views in a drama, which it took him fifteen hours It was this work — published with money subscribed by fellow-students — that he sold as old paper. He kept one copy, which he has still. It is crude and uncouth, but he finds in it himself inexperienced and undeveloped, Capt. Trotter’s biography of Lord Auckland. for. the “Rulers of India” series will be issued by the Clarendon Press in the course of: next month. The book deals not only with Lord Auckland’s Indian Administration, it also gives a sketch of his immediate predecessor, Sir C. Metcalfe, and it carries on the story of the first Afghan war through the first year of Lord Ellenborough down to the triumphant return of Pollock and Nott from Kabul to Firozpur in the autumn of 1842. Mrs. Sarah Grand the writer of the “ Heavenly Twins,” will open a discussion at the Pioneer Club, on the 8th inst., on “Is the novel with a purpose legitimate or not?” That well-known antiquary Sir George Duckett is editing the “ Visitations and Chapters-General  28 of the Order of Cluni, in respect of Alsace, Lorraine, Transjurane Burgundy, and other Parts of the Province of Germany, from 1269- 1529.” In his researches Sir George has come upon an amusing story referring to the prior, whom the Cluniacs seem always to have thought indispensable to a nunnery—perhaps to keep the ladies in order. The prior in question took it into his head to get up a kind of concert, and for this purpose gathered together a lot of sing- ing “seculares” and strolling players. These gentry made such a din in the convent that they disturbed the neighbourhood, and the people, accustomed to consider the place a model of piety and repose, were scandalised, and commenced to break all the windows. The prior sallied forth and nearly killed two of them, of whom one remained still in bed at that time “ semivivus.”’ Mrs. Henry Norman, better known as Miss Menie Muriel Dowie, has edited and written an introduction to a new volume of the Adventure Series. The book contains the lives of Hannah Snell, Mary Ann Talbot, and other celebrated female adventurers, and is capital reading. Mrs. Norman points out in her bright little preface that “there was ever a man at the root of this female ardour,” which she rejoices at as linking these ladies of the sabre with the “dazzling, gaudy poetry of an earlier age.” The curious controversy which is raging hotly in one of the American papers as to whether “authors ought to write with an eye to fame” seems to have arisen, in part at any rate, from a confusion as to the real and distinctive meanings of fame and popularity. No one has more adequately or more admirably put the case than Hazlitt, who seems to be out of fashion with young American litterateurs, for not a single con- troversialist has quoted the words in which he says, “ For fame is not popularity, the shout of the multitude, the idle buzz of fashion, the venal puff, the soothing flattery of favour or of friend- ship ; but it is the spirit of a man surviving him- self in the minds and thoughts of other men, un- dying and imperishable. The love of fame differs from mere vanity in this, that the one is immediate and personal, the other ideal and abstracted. Do you suppose that Titian, when he painted a landscape, was pluming him- self on being thought the finest colourist in the world, or making himself so by looking at nature?” It is curious that in this discussion, in which almost every modern writer comes under review for condemnation or praise, there is not a single mention of the writer who, under the name of Mark Rutherford, has written three of the most impressive books of recent years. Perhaps, as they have not been much the subject of newspaper THE AUTHOR. puffs, they have not found their way to America ; but whether or no one is justified in believing they will live, it is at least certain that posterity will pay a tribute to the exquisite prose in which they are written. Mrs. Waugh has translated from the German a story called “ The Two Countesses,”” which will shortly appear in the Pseudonym Library. Mr. Robert Horton’s Yale Lectures, which attracted huge audiences in America, have been published under the title of “ Verbum Dei.” Mr. Horton is the well-known Congregational minister of Lyndhurst-road Chapel, Hampstead. Miss Sophia Beale is engaged upon a book dealing with the “Churches of Paris.” The letterpress will be accompanied by numerous illustrations made upon the spot by the writer, who, as is well known, is also an able artist. Mr. Gilbert Parker is responsiblefor the Lippin- cott complete novel this year. The title of the story is the attractive one of ‘‘ The Translation of a Savage.” The same writer is engaged upon a serial for the English Illustrated Magazine, and has just finished a story for the Cosmopolitan, under the title of “ The Pilot of Belle Amour.” Mrs. Rundle Charles, the author of the historic “Schonberg Cotta Family,” is writing a book called “Tria Juncta in Uno.” It will givea realistic picture of early Christian missions in Treland, Scotland, and England. A delightful edition of some of the classics is being published by Messrs. Griffith and Farran. The binding is scarlet cloth, with white and gold back, and each volume is profusely illustrated with exquisite sketches of figures and scenery. “The Lady of the Lake,” illustrated by Mr. Gleeson, an American artist, has several sketches of Highland scenery and historic places, notably “ Holyrood” and “Gray Stirling,” which were made on the spot. The other volumes already published include “allah Rookh,” “ Faust,” and the “ Last Days of Pompeii.” Mrs. Richmond Ritchie, an old friend of Tennyson, has written an introduction, in the delicate graceful style that she has made her own, to a volume called “Lord Tennyson and his Friends,” which: will be shortly published as an edition de luve by Mr. Fisher Unwin. Special portraits, including those of Carlyle, Sir Henry Taylor, and Russell Lowell, have been taken by Mrs. Cameron, whose portrait of Tennyson, by the way, was always declared by the poet to be the most like him. The Authors’ Club held its monthly. guest- night on Monday, when the interesting feature of  THE AUTHOR. 29 <<Uneut Leaves” was revived. Mr. T. Zangwill recited a clever skit on- the limited editions of latter-day poets, which will appear in The Pall Mall Magazine. Mr. Jerome K. Jerome read the third act of a drama dealing with social ques- tions in a very outspoken way, which he has adapted from the German (“ Die Ehre”), under the provisional title, “ Birth and Breeding,’ and which, under tl at or some other title, will before long appear on the London stage. A complete story by Mr. Walter Besant, entitled ‘To the Third and Fourth Generation,” was read by Canon Bell, of Cheltenham, in the absence of the author. Lastly, Mr. Norman Gale recited a poem, ‘“ Pigeons at Cannon-street.” Amceng the audience were Mr. Thomas Hardy, Mr. Bruce Joy, Mr. Henry Irving, jun., and other well-known representatives of. literature, art, and the drama. ; A Baedeker’s “ United States”’ is about to be published by Ser-bner and Co. — Lehman’s “ Prize Novels” have been repub- lished in America (U.S. Book Company). Mr. Mackenzie Bell is about to publish a volume of verse entitled “Spring, Immortality, and other Poems.” It will include “ The Lame Boy,” which first appeared in this paper. It is dedicated to the author’s friend, Mr. Edmund Clarence Stedman. Captain Harding's new story, “ The Capture of the Estrella,” will be published before long by Messrs. Cassell and Co. Mrs. Edith E. Cuthell will follow up her children’s story of last Christmas, “ Only a Guard-room Dog,” with another “ doggie” story, next autumn, about that uncommon and intelli- gent little creature, the Chinese pug, to be called “Two Little Children and Ching.’ The pub- lishers are Messrs. Methuen. A new novel by Mr. Andrew Dean, author of « A Splendid Cousin” and ‘“ Isaac Eller’s Money,” will be published shortly. It is called “ Mrs. Finch-Brassey.” The publishers are Bentl-y and Son. Mrs. Stevenson, author of “ Juliet,’ ‘ Mrs. Sevem,” &c., will produce immediately a new novel (Messrs. Bentley and Son). The title is “Mrs. Elphinstone of Drum.” It opens in a well-known hunting town in the Midlands. The first woman who has been made a member of the New Zealand Institute of Journalists is Mrs. James Suisted, of Westport, New Zealand. The same lady has been elected a corresponding member of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, Melbourne branch, in recognition of her papers on Antarctic Exploration. Mr. Francis Henry Clyffe has ready for the press a translation of Leopardi’s Poems. It will be published by Messrs. Eden, Remington, and Co. A cheap edition of Mrs. Spender’s novel called “Mrs. Hazleton’s Confession” has been issued by Messrs. Sonnenschein and Co. at. 2s. A cheap edition of the same writer’s novel, “ A Waking,” has been issued by Messrs. Hutchinson, at 2s. 6d. William Westall is writing a romance of adven- ture for Lloyd’s Weekly. He has also agreed to write a novel for Messrs. Tillotson and. Son. Ward and Downey will publish in the autumn a three-volume novel by the same author, as well as a one-volume story, adapted from the Russian by Messrs. Stepniak and Westall in collaboration. POS NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS. Theology. Benson, Rev. R. M. The Final Passover, Meditations upon the Passion, vol. 3, the Divine Exodus. Part II. Longmans. 58. BLAIKIE, W. G., D.D. The Book of Joshua. Vol. of the Expositor’s Bible. Hodder and Stoughton. 7s. 6d. CamBRIDGE TEACHER'S BrBLE, THE, and the CAMBRIDGE CoMPANION TO THE BIBLE. Bound together, or the latter separate. C.J. Clay and Sons. Hammonp, JosprH. English Nonconformity and Christ’s Christianity. Wells, Gardner, and Darton. Hetps TO THE STUDY OF THE BIBLE, enlarged and illustrated edition. Oxford at the University Press. London, Henry Frowde, 4s. 6d. Horton, R. F. Sermons delivered in Lyndhurst-road Church, Hampstead. James Clark, Fleet-street. 38. 6d. Lercu, M. ©. E. Our Dayspring, a short course of Lessons for Bible classes. S.P.C.K. Is. Max Miuuer, F. Theosophy or Psychological Religion. The Gifford Lectures delivered before the University of Glasgow in 1892. 10s. 6d, Mayo Gunn, E. H. School Hymns with Tunes, Edited by. The harmonies revised by H. Elliot Button. James Clarke, Fleet-street. Is. ‘ Norris, Ven. T. P. A Key to the Epistles of St. Paul, a course of addresses. S.P.C.K. 28. OxENDEN, AsHTON, D.D. Plain Sermons : With a memoir and portrait of the author. Longmans. 58- Oxrorp Brsuz ror TEACHERS, THE, enlarged and illustra- ted edition, with sixty-four full-page facsimiles of ancient manuscripts, Egyptian and Assyrian, Baby- lonian and Phoenician monuments. &c. Oxford, the University Press. London, Henry Frowde.  30 Prerson, A.T.,D.D. The Heights of the Gospel, a series of sermons delivered at the Metropolitan Tabernacle, 1892-93. Passmore and Alabaster. 2s. 6d. Srrete, THomas. The “ Higher Criticism” and the Inspiration of the Bible. A paper for the general reader Sutton and Co., Ludgate-hill. Paper covers, 6d. Woop, CHARLES JAMES. Survivals in Christianity, Studies in the Theology of Divine Immanence, special lectures delivered before the Episcopal Theological School at Cambridge, Mass., in 1892. Macmillan. 6s. History and Biography. Apams, Henry. History of the United States of America. Vols. 7, 8, and 9 (the Second Administration of James Madison). G.P.Putnam. 9s. each. Bonar, James, LL.D. Philosophy and Political Economy in some of their Historical Relations. BusHELL, Rev. W. Done. Early Charters. Translated into English. With explanatory notes. Harrow Octo- centenary Tracts. I. Macmillan and Bowes, Cam- bridge. Paper covers, Is. Carng, Rev. Casar. The Martial Annals of the City of York. Published with the approval of the major- general commanding the N.E. military district. With illustrations. (C. J. Clark, Lincoln’s-inn-fields. Cannan, Epwin. A History of the Theories of Production and Distribution from 1776 to 1848. Percival. 16s. Cuatmers, Ropert. A History of Currency in the British Colonies. Eyre and Spottiswoode. 10s. DuckworTH, Russet, B.A. Memoir of the Rev. James Lonsdale, late Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford. With an introduction by the Hon. G C. Brodrick, Warden of Merton, and a portrait. Long- mans. 6s. Durt, Romesh CHuNDER, C.I.E. Ancient India, 2000 B.c.—800 A.D., with maps. Longmans. 2s. 6d. Gasquet, F. Arpan, D.D. Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries. Vol.I. Fifth edition. Gasquet F. Arpan, D.D. Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries. New edition, with illustrations. Part XIII. John Hodges, Agar-street, Charing - cross. Paper covers, Is. net. Hearn, Ricwarp. The English Peasant, Studies: Historical, Local, and Biographic. Fisher Unwin. 38. Od. Hopper, Epwin. The History of South Australia, from its foundation to the year of its jubilee, with a chrono- logical summary of all the principal events of interest up to date. With two maps. 2 vols. Sampson Low. Houper, ©. F. Louis Agassiz, his Life and Work. “Leaders in Science” Series. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 55. Law, ERNEST. Cardinal Wolsey at Hampton Court; being an abridgment of a few chapters of the author’s “History of Hampton Court Palace.” - Illustrated. C. Smith and Son. Paper covers, Is. Lawrence, Rev. Joun T. A Dictionary of Musical < Biography. Simpkin, Marshall. 3s. Marr, Ronert A. Musical History, as shown in the International Exhibition of Music and the Drama, Vienna, 1892. William Reeves. THE AUTHOR. Martin, A. Patcuerr. Life and Letters of the Right Hon. Robert Lowe, Viscount Sherbrooke, with a memoir of Sir John Coape Sherbrooke. In 2 vols., with portraits. Longmans. 368. Morris, W. O’Connor, Napoleon, Warrior and Ruler, and the Military Supremacy of Revolutionary France. “Heroes of the Nations” Series. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 58. Nyx, G.H.F. A Popular Story of the Church in Wales. New edition. Thirtieth thousand. Griffith, Farran. Paper covers. 6d. Parker, T. Jerrery. William Kitchen Parker, F.R.S., sometime Hunterian Professor of Anatomy and Physio- logy in the Royal College of Surgeons of England: a biographical sketch. Macmillan. 4s. net. Patron, James. British History and Papal Claims from the Norman Conquest to the present day. 2 vols. Hodder and Stoughton. Prepprz, ALEXANDER, Recollections of Dr. John Brown, author of “ Rab and His Friends,” &c., with a Selection from his Correspondence. Percival. 6s. PeLuam, H. F. Outlines of Roman History, with maps. Percival and Co.. 6s. PENDEREL, Ricuarp. Wilfred Waide, Barrister and Novelist. Sampson Low. Pisrce, Epwarp L. Memoir and _ Letters of Charles Sumner. Vol. 1, 1845-60; Vol. 2, 1860 to death. Sampson Low. Pripgavx, 8. T. An Historical Sketch of Bookbinding. With a chapter on early stamped bindings. By E. Gordon Duff. Lawrence and Bullen. 6s. Rowsotuam, J. F. The History of Music. A new edition. Bentley. Swinton, Hon. Mrs. J. R. A Sketch of the Life of Georgiana, Lady de Ros, with some reminiscences of her family and friends, including the Duke of Welling- ton. With portraits and illustrations. John Murray. 7s. 6d. Symonps, Joun AppINGTON. Walt Whitman: a Study. With portrait and four illustrations. J. C. Nimmo. Verrcu, Joun, LL.D. History and Poetry of the Scottish Border, their main feature and relations. New and enlarged edition. 2 vols. Blackwood. WALLACE, WILFRID, DD. Life of St. Edmund of Canter- bury, from original sources. Priest of the Order of St. Benedict of the Beuron Congregation. Kegan Paul. 15s. Warp, Very Rev. Bernarp. History of St. Edmund's College, Old Hall. With numerous illustrations. Kegan Paul. 10s 6d. WorpswortH, CHARLES, DD. Annals of my Life, 1847- 1856. Edited by W. Earl Hodgson. Longman’s. Ios. 6d. General Literature. Barpexer, K. Italy: Handbook for travellers. Second part, Central Italy and Rome. 11th revised edition. Dulau and Co., Soho-square. Barun, Mrs. Apa S. Health and. Beauty in Dress, from infancy to old age. Illustrated. Office of Baby: the "_ Mother's Magazine, High Holborn. New and popular edition, 1. Se : i  ey RAE ILA CoPpNER, JAMES. THE AUTHOR. 3! | Bentuny, E. L. The Settler's Guide to New Zealand. Compiled for the New Zealand Shipping Company Limited. Waterlow and Sons, London-wall. 6d. BickERSTETH, M. Japan as we saw it. With a preface by the Bishop of Exeter. Illustrated. Sampson Low. Bryrpen H. ANDERSON. Gun and Camera in Southern Africa—a year of wanderings in Bechuanaland, the Kalahari Desert, and the Lake River country, Ngami- land, with notes on colonisation, natives, natural history, and sport. With illustrations and maps. Stanford. 158. CARLYLE, THomas. Essays on the Greatest German Poets and Writers, with an introduction by Ernest Rhys, the Scott Library. Walter Scott. 1s. 6d. Crouston, W. A. Book of Wise Sayings. Selected largely from Eastern sources. Hutchinson. 2s. Crowes, W. Larrp. The Great Peril, and how it was Averted. Reprinted from Black and White, and pub- lished at the office of that paper. Memorandum Mnemonica: A help to the remembrance of numbers, historical events, and subjects generally. Williams and Norgate. Country GENTLEMAN'S CaTALoauE of Appliances for the house, field, farm, stable, garden, kennel, &c., the, with a directory specially compiled for the use of country gentlemen. Eden, Fisher, Lombard-street, E.C. Paper covers, 1s. 6d.; cloth, 2s. 6d. CROCKFORD’s CLERICAL DIRECTORY FOR 1893. Cox, Bream’s-buildings, H.C. Kings of Cricket: reminiscences and With introduction Arrowsmith. Horace 15s. Dart, RIcHARD. anecdotes, with hints on the game. by Andrew Lang, and many portraits. Davies, JosEpH. Railway Rates, Charges, and Regula- lations of the United Kingdom: a summary of the Railway Rates and Charges (Order Confirmation) Acts, 1891 and 1892, and the Acts passed from 1854 to 1888 for the general regulation of railways. McCorquodale and Co. 4s. Drxon, CHARLES. The Nests and Eggs of British Birds, when and where to find them, being a handbook to the oology of the British Islands. Chapman and Hall. EPILEPTIC AND CRIPPLED, THE. Child and Adult: A Report on the Present Condition of these Classes of Afflicted Persons, with suggestions for their better education and employment. ‘Charity Organisation” Series. Swan Sonnenschein. Gitmovur, James. More about the Mongols. Selected and arranged from the diaries and papers of James Gilmour, by Richard Lovett, M.A. 5s. Gor: a weekly record of “ye royal and auncient game. Vol. V. September, 1892—March, 1893. Published at the office, 80, Chancery-lane, W.C. HosprraLn SatuRDAY Funp, THe. 19th annual report, 1892. Published at the offices, 59, Farringdon-road, E.C. Paper covers. : Selections from the Writings of Kegan Housman, LAURENCE. William Blake, with an introductory essay. Paul. Vellum, 7s. 6d. I.E. B.C. The Angler’s Diary and Tourist Fisherman’s : Gazetteer of the Rivers and Lakes of the World. - Horace Cox, the Field Office, H.C: 1s+.6d. : INTERNATIONAL FoLtK-LorE ConGRESS, 1891, THE. Papers and transactions edited by Joseph Jacobs and Alfred Nutt, chairman and hon. secretary of the Literary Committee. Published for the Organising Committee by David Nutt. JoHnson’s Gardener’s Dictionary. C. H. Wright and D. Dewar. Paper covers. Is. A new edition. By Part III. George Bell. KeEnnarp, H. Martyn. Philistines and Israelites; a New Light on the World’s History. Chapman and Hall. Kinascotr, Mr. Howarp. The English Baby in India, and How to Rearit. J.and A. Churchill, New Bur- lington-street. Liguts on Homze Ruiz. Letters from Mr. Froude, Mr. Lecky, Professor Tyndall, and others. Published at the National Observer Office, Fleet-street. Paper covers, 1d. Marion CRAWFORD, F. The Novel: What it is. millan. 3s. Mac- Minpay, Sts WaLTEeR. A. Memorial for a Son from his Father. Cambridge, copied from MS. at Apethorpe Hall. Griffith, Farran. 6d. Moore, GEORGE. Modern Painting. Walter Scott. Navan ANNUAL, 1893, THE. Edited by T. A. Brassey, B.A., F.R.G.S. Simpkin, Marshall. Norrouk, Ernest W. Licence Holders’ Guide. A hand- book for licensed victuallers and beersellers, hotel and innkeepers, music halland theatrical managers. Biggs and Co., Salisbury-court, E.C: 2s. Norman, Purp, F.S.A. London Signs and Inscriptions. - Illustrated. With an introductisn by Henry B. Wheat- ley, F.N.A. Elliot Stock. E. Amy. Telegraph Wires and Various Skeffington. Notes oN THE Brut: a Weekly Record, No. 10, completing the series and concluding the issue. Arranged and published by the Irish Unionist Alliance. 1s. OFFICIAL CATALOGUE OF THE BRITISH SECTION AT THE Cuicago Exuiprtion. First edition—under revision. Clowes and Sons, Charing-cross. Paper covers, 25 cents. NoRTHEY, Messages. On a Guass Neckuace from Arica, in the Pitt-Rivers Museum at Oxford. Illustrated. Henry Frowde, Amen-corner, E.C. Paper covers. gd. Orven, ADELA E. THE CHRONICLES OF THE SID, or The Life and Travels of Adelia Gates. Religious Tract Society. 7s. 6d. OswALp, Eugenr. English Goethe Society Transactions, 1891-92. Edited by. David Nutt. Our Next Wak: a Word on War Premiums, and on the Underwriting of 1805 and 1808. Blades, East, and Blades, Abchurch-lane, H.C. Paper covers. Parker, Epwarp Harper. Burma, with special reference to her relations with China. Rangoon Gazette Press. ° Pascon, C. E. AnD Pearam, F. The Shilling Peepshow of London’s World’s Fair, 1893, and great social, political, and moral exposition. Paper covers. Sampson Low. Is. Pow.n, Francis J. Re Original :Readings ‘for Entertain- ments. Paper covers, 2s. net. seas + { i i i 32 Pratt, Lt.-Cou. Lisson C. Guide to Promotion: An aid to officers of all arms in preparing for examination in regimental duties. Part Il. Rank of Major. Edward Stanford. 78. PUBLICATIONS OF THE HUGUENOT Society oF LoNnpDON, Tur. Vol. VIII. Denizations and Naturalisations of Aliens in England. Edited. by William Page, F.S.A. Printed for the Society by C. T. King, Lymington. Paper covers. PuusForD, EDWARD. Notes on Capital and Finance in Australasia. Edwards, Dunlop, and Co. Paper covers. 18. Reminiscences oF AUSTRALIAN EARLY Lirz. By a pioneer. Illustrated by Hume Nisbet. A. P. Marsden, Southampton-street, Covent-garden. REPORT OF THE LEPROSY COMMISSION IN InpiA, 1890- 91. Printed by the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. ‘SaviILLE-KENT, W. The Great Barrier Reef of Australia : its products and potentialities. With coloured and photographic illustrations. W. H. Allen. £4 4s. SHarre, R. Bowpier, LL.D. An Analytical Index to the Works of the late John Gould, F.R.S. With bio- graphical memoir and portrait. H. Sotheran and Co., Piccadily. SKERRY, GEORGE E. Practical Indexing and Precis Writing. The Civil Service Press and Simpkin Marshall. SporTsMan’s, TOURIST’S, AND GENERAL TIME-TABLES AND GUIDE To THE Rivers, Locus, DEER-MOORS, AND ForEsts oF ScoTLAND, THE. Edited by J. Watson-Lyall. Published at 118, Pall-mall. Paper covers, Is. Spricaz, J. J. The Shortcomings of the Machinery for Pauper Litigation, and a certain defect of legal educa- tion and their joint amendment. Third edition. Williams and Norgate. State, THE, AND ITs SERVANTS. Being a reprint of a series of editorial articles published in the British Medical Journal on medical and sanitary questions in eurrent politics. Edited by Ernest Hart. Smith Elder. Paper covers. Stepman, Epmunp C. Complete Pocket Guide to Europe. Revised and enlarged. Planned and edited by. Com- piled by Edward King. Cassell. SUTTER, Juum. <A Colony of Mercy; or, Social Chris- tianity at Work. With illustrations and plan. Hodder and Stoughton. 6s. SworpER, Horace. Popular Information concerning In- fectious Diseases. H. Renshaw, Strand. 2s. 6d. Symonps, J. Appineron. An Introduction to the Study of Dante. Third edition. A.and C. Black. 7s. 6d. TALLERMAN, D. Foreign Competition: How to defeat it. Farmers’ facilities for developing home resources. The Agricultural and Industrial Union, Great St. Helen’s, E.C. Paper covers, 6d. TRANSFER ARRANGEMENTS OF THE CHIEF RAILWAYS OF THE Unitep Kinepom. EE. Couchman and Co. Papers, 2s. 6d. Warpiz, THomas. On the Present Development of Power-Loom Weaving of Silk Fabrics at Lyons, with illustrations. Harris and Sons, Cannon-street, Man- chester. THE AUTHOR. Wesster’s Royan Rep Boox: Court and Fashionable Register for May, 1893. Webster and Co., Piccadilly. 58. WHERE To Go ABROAD: a guide to the watering-places and health resorts of Europe, the Mediterranean, &c. Edited by A. R. Hope Moncrieff. A. and C. Black. 38. Od. Yacut RAcING IN THE SoLent Cxasses. Almanac, 1893, edited by “Thalassa.” H. King, Southampton. Is. Fiction. Ar.tEwoop, J. Wruttam. Echo and Narcissus. Kegan Paul. ALLEN, GRANT. Dr. Palliser’s Patient. A new edition. Chatto and Windus. 1s. 6d. - Anpen, GRANT. Ivan Greet’s Masterpiece, &c. Chatto and Windus. Constant Lover. ‘Translated from the German of Wilhelm Hauff, by John Nisbet. gs. 6d. Fisher Unwin. BaRING-Gou.p, S. Mrs. Curgenven of Curgenven. In 3 vols. Methuen. BARRETT, FRANK. The Smuggler’s Secret. A romance. : Griffith, Farran. Picture boards. 2s. BasILE, GIAMBATTISTA. The Pentamerone, or the story of stories. Translated from the Neapolitan by J. E. Taylor. New edition, revised and edited by Helen Zimmern. With illustrations by George Cruickshank. Fisher Unwin. 2s. 6d. each. Buack, Wii1am. Yolande, the story of a daughter. New and revised edition. Sampson Low. 2s. 6d. Buacksurn, E. Owens. Irish Stories, humorous and tragic. With illustrations by Randolph Caldecott and Harry Furniss. James Hogg, Fleet-street. 18. Burrz, Mrs. A. An Australian Millionaire. 3 vols. Ward, Lock, Bowden. Bronté, CHARLOTTE. Jane Eyre. In 2 vols., with illustrations by H. S. Greig and ornaments by F. E. Tilney Ex Libris edition. J. M. Dent and Co. 5s. Buxton, Epwarp N. Short Stalks; or, Hunting Camps North, South, East, and West. With illustrations. Second edition. Edward Stanford. 21s. By a Himanayan Lake. By an Idle Exile. js. 6d. Ward and Downey. Cuasot, E. Catherine Elsmere’s Widowhood: a novel. Sequel to Mrs. Humphrey Ward's ‘Robert Elsmere.” Aug. Siegle, Lime-street, E.C. 2s. 6d. Cuatmers, ANDREW. A Red Cross Romance. Simpkin, Marshall. CRESSWELL, Henry. Disinherited. 3 vols. Hurst and Blackett. Cross-Purposss. By the author of “King Cophetua, or Ruby North’s Lovers.” Family Story-teller. W. Stevens, Strand. Crovcn, AncHER P. Captain Enderis, First West African Regiment. A novel. 2vols. W.H. Allen. 21s. Dran, Mrs. ANDREW. Isaac Eller’s Money. Unwin’s Novel Series. Paper covers. Fisher Unwin. 16. 6d.  eaisiipioeosiitels { Horr, ANDREE. THE AUTHOR. © Dovaras, M.Istporr. For Mrs. Grundy’s Sake. A novel. Digby Long. * Fenn, G. MANVILLE. Chatto and Windus. Witness to the Deed. 3 vols. * Focurty, J. Mr. Jocko. A novel. New edition. Ward and Downey. 6s. © Fyre, H. Hamitton. A Player's Tragedy. A novel. Paper covers. A. D. Innes and Co., Bedford-street, W.C. Is. © Gray, Maxwety. The Last.Sentence. A novel. 3 vols. Heinemann. 4 Harron, JoszpH. Under the Great Seal. 3. vols. Hutchinson. 4 HetHERINGTON, HELEN F., and Burton, Rev. DARWIN. No Compromise. New and cheaper edition. Griffith, Farran. 3s. 6d. each. | Hewson, J. J. Rank Doggerel; being a little laughter with a sediment of sentiment. Iustrated. Second edition. Simpkin, Marshall. 2s. 6d. The Vyvyans, or the Murder in the Rue Bellechasse. Chapman and Hall. 3s. 6d. { Keneany, ARABELLA. Dr. Janet of Harley-street. Digby and Long. i Kerrie, R. Mackenzie. Rose, Shamrock, and Thistle, a story of two border towers. Fisher Unwin. 6s. i Lampron, A. H. From Prison to Power, a tale of Queens- land. Lrcenp of Montross, A (1 vol.) and The Bride of Lam- mermoor, The Black Dwarf (2 vols.) Border edition, with introduction by Andrew Lang, and etchings. J.C. Nimmo. 6s. a volume. 2vols. Eden, Remington. MacponaLp, GEorGE. Heather and Snow. A novel. 2 vols. Chatto and Windus. Marcuatu, Emma. Boscombe Chine ; or, Fifty Years After. Seeley and Co., Essex-street, Strand. Matson, SanaH ANN. St. George and the Dragon. Illus- trated. Second edition. Fisher Unwin. Motor, J. Firzazraup. His Wife’s Soul. 3 vols. Hutchinson. Monro, JoHn. The Romance of Electricity. The Religious Tract Society. Nispet Hume. The Matador, and other Recitative Pieces. Hutchinson. Nisset, Hume. The Queen’s Desire, a romance of the Indian Mutiny. F. V. White. Pearce, J. H. Jacob Treloar, a Study of a Woman. 2 vols. Methuen. 21s. “PyitosopHus.’ Amy Clarefort. 1900. Simpkin Marshall.” Pinkerton, THomas. Arnold Bolsover’s Love Story. 2 vols. S. Sonnenschein. RaE-BRowN, CAMPBELL. Very Long Odds and a Strange Finish. Routledge. 2s. Rippett, Mrs J. H. A Silent Tragedy. 1s. F, V. White. “Brra.’ The Man in Possession. A novel. F. V. White. , Saprn, W., Jun. ~A Century’s Sensations. _ Routledge. Picture boards. 28. . o A romance of the year Paper covers. 33 SieNKInWicz, HmNRYK. Without Dogma, a novel of modern Poland, translated from the Polish by Iza Young. Osgood, McIlvaine. _ 7s. 6d. Soapry Sronaey’s Sportine Tour. By the author of “ Jorrocks’ Jaunts and Jollities,”’ picture boards. Routledge. Sr. AuBYN, Daisy. Remington. Tavistock TALES. By Gilbert Parker, Luke Sharpe, Lanoe > Faleoner, and others. With illustrations: Isbister and Co., Tavistock-street, W.C. 28. 6d. Taytor, U. A. The King’s Favourite. Methuen. 6s. THomas, ANNIE. Utterly Mistaken. A novel. F, V. White. TwarN, Marx. The £1,000,000 Bank Note, and other new stories. Chatto and Windus. Warpren Fuorence. Grave Lady Jane. Paper covers, Is. Wemyss, M. ERsKINE. A Garland of Thorns. A novel. Eden, 3. vols. F. V. White. A Notable Woman, and other sketches. Eden, Remington. 3s. 6d. Winter, Joun Strance. Aunt Johnnie. A novel. Two vols. F. V. White. Winter, Joun Stranas. That Mrs. Smith. A novel. F. V. White. Paper covers, Is. Yonaz, CuartoTtr, M. The Girls’ Little Book. Skeffington. Poetry and the Drama. Bett Scorr, W. A Poet's Harvest Home: One Hundred Short Poems, with an Aftermath of twenty Short Poems. Elkin Mathews and John Lane. 5s. net. Binary, Ropert Miuprep. Border Lands, Ex Tlapép-yov. Henry Frowde. Paper covers, 28. 6d. net. Buinp, MaruHitpe. Songs and Sonnets. Chatto and Windus. Tpsen, Henrik. Nora,.or a Doll’s House (Et Dukkehjem), a play. Translated from the, Norwegian by Henrietta Frances Lord. New edition, revised. Griffith Farran. Ig. Kray, W. Isaac. Iscariot, a poem. Stoneman, Warwick- lane, B.C. Kwnicuts, Marx. Shakespeare’s “Hamlet”? Interpreted, an exegesis of the first edition of the tragedy of 1603, and of Actus Primus (the Prologue) of the first folio edition of 1623. Jarrold, Warwick-lane. 38. Mackay, Eric. The Song of the Flag: a national ode. Lumley and Co., Exhibition-road, 8.W. with introduction and Last MtnstREL, Cantos Blackie -and MercHant oF VENICE, THE, notes; THE Lay OF THE I.-Ill., with introduction” and notes. Sons. 10d. , Mitton, Joun. The Poetical Works of John Milton, edited, with memoir, introductions, notes, and an essay on Milton’s English and Versification, by David Masson, M.A., LL.D. 3 vols. Longmans. 158. Narurz Ponms AND OTHERS. By Thomas Edwards. Lewis, Hepworth, and Morriss, Tunbridge Wells. Is. 34 PorMsS “BY” ed Brothers (Alfred Tennyson and Frederick Tennyson). Macmillan. 6s. PorTIcAL Works OF JOHN GAY, THE. life and notes, by John Underhill. Lawrence and Bullen. tos. net. PorricaL Works or SamuEL TayLtor COLERIDGE, THE. Edited, with a biographical introduction, by James Dykes Campbell. With a portrait. Macmillan. qs. 6d. Rawnstey, H.D. Valete: Tennyson and other Memorial Poems. MacLehose and Sons, Glasgow. 53s. ScorrisH. BattAD Porrry. Abbotsford series of the Scottish Poets. Edited by George Hyre-Todd. Hodge and Co., Glasgow (or Williams and Norgate). - 58. SELECTIONS FROM THE PoEMS OF WALTER C. SMITH. MacLehose and Sons, Glasgow. 33. 6d. SuretEy, Orpy, M.A. Carmina Mariana, an English anthology of verse in honour of or in relation to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Collected and arranged by. Printed for the editor by Spottiswoode and Co., New- street-square, E.C. Sonas or FrEEDoM, selected and edited, with an introduc- tion, by H. 8. Salt. Canterbury Poets series. Walter Scott. 1s. Tennyson, Lorp. The Works of Alfred Lord Tennyson. Vols. VIII., [X., and X. Longmans. tos. 6d. each. Thoughts in Song. Purcell and Edited, with a Two volumes. THACKWELL, WALTER. Co., Cork. Science. Acapemy Notss, 1893, Tux, with Illustrations of the Principal Pictures at Burlington House. Edited by Henry Blackburn. Published by special permission. Chatto and Windus. Paper covers, Is. BartLey, RoBEeRT J., AND Harrison, W.J. Chemistry for all. Blackie. ts. 6d. CuassicaL PicTuRE GALLERY. Part V. H. Grevel and Co., King-street, Covent-garden. Paper covers, Is. Ernst, Gustav. Onthe Application of Suitable Mechanism to a Case of Amputation of Both Hands. TIllustra ted. Sprague and Co. Grecory, R. A., Physiography. AND Curistiz, J. C. Advanced Illustrated. J. Hughes and Co. 4s. Haren, F.H. Mineralogy. Whittakerand Co. 3s. 6d. Hupson, THomas J. The Law of Psychic Phenomena, a Working Hypothesis for the Systematic Study of Hypnotism, Spiritism, Mental Therapeutics, &c. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 7s. 6d. Maycock, W. PERREN. Distribution. Part II. covers, 28. 6d, Morris, May. Decorative Needlework. Joseph Hughes and Co., Pilgrim-street, Ludgate-hill. 6s. Royat AcapremMy Pictures, being Part I. of the Royal Academy Supplement to the Magazine of Art. Cassell. Paper covers, Is. StatHam, H.Hearucore. Form and Design in Music, a brief outline of the ssthetic conditions of the art, addressed to general readers. Chapman and Hall. Electric Lighting and Power Whittaker and Co. Paper THE . AUTHOR. THompson, E. MAunpDE. Handbook of Greek and Latin Palewography. International Scientific Series. Kegan Paul. 53s. Tomson, J. J. Notes on Recent Researches in Electricity and Magnetism. Intended as a sequel to Professor Clerk-Maxwell’s Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. Oxford, at the Clarendon Press; London, Henry Frowde. 18s. 6d. Voce., Dr. E. Practical Pocket-book of Photography. Translated by E. C. Conrad, with illustrations and index. Swan Sonnenschein. Woop, Sir H. T. Light, an elementary treatise. Whittaker and Co. 28. 6d. Law. Fowxr, V. pe S. The Companies Acts, 1862 to 1890, and other Statutes affecting Joint Stock Companies. Jordan and Sons, Chancery-lane. 5s. net. Fraser, Huan, LL.D. Principles and Practice of the Law of Libel and Slander, with suggestions on the conduct of a civil action, forms and precedents, and all other statutes bearing on the subject. Reeves and Turner. Lupron, J. Irvine. Horses, Sound and Unsound, with the Law Relating to Sales and Warranty. Baillitre, Tin- dall, and Cox. 53s. : PootE, Rosert T. Wilson’s Epitome of Publie Acts Sessions 1890-91-92. Effingham Wilson. 1s. TARRING, C. J., M.A., Chapters on the Law Relating to the Colonies, with indexes of cases decided in the Privy Council on appeal from the colonies, Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, and of cases relating to the colonies decided in the English Courts, otherwise than on appeal from the colonies. Second edition, enlarged. Steven and Haynes. Urtin, R. Denny. Investments in Houses and Lands, with chapters on leases, mortgages, and building societies. Effingham Wilson. Is. Educational. Bevan, G. Puriires. Home Geography of England and Wales for the use of schools, with maps. Swan Sonnen- schein. HELLER, T. E. an index. covers. Is, The New Education Code, with notes and Bemrose and Sons, Old Bailey. Paper KeEuiy, THomas. The First Principles of Voice Production in Song and Speech. Burns and Oates. Paper covers. 6d. Orme, TEMPLE. Concrete Arithmetic: an introduction to the elements of the abstract science of number for young children. Second edition. Mostly rewritten. O. Newmann, Newman-street, W. 2s. Spiers, Vicror. Rapid Exercises on French grammar. Percival and Co. 2s. 6d. Tue New Trcunican Epucator: an Encyclopedia of Technical Education. Vol. 1. Cassell. 5s, ADVERTISEMENTS. 35 iThe Society of Authors (Sncorporated). PRESIDENT. GHORGH MBEREDITH. COUNCIL. J o& Str Epwin Arno bp, K.C.LE., C.8.1. OswALD CRAWFURD, C.M.G. Lewis Morris. ? ALFRED AUSTIN. Tue EArt or DESART. Pror. Max MULLER. 1 J. M. Barrie. Austin Dogpson. J. C. PARKINSON. y £ A. W.A Becxert. A. W. DuBoura. Tue Ear. or PEMBROKE AND MonT- 5 Ropert BATEMAN. J. Eric EricuseEn, F.R.S. GOMERY. = Sir Henry Berane, K.C.M.G. Pror. MicHaxE. Foster, F.R.S. Sir FREDERICK POLLOCK, BART., LL.D. ¥ WaLTER BESANT. Ricut Hon. HERBERT GARDNER, M.P.| WALTER HERRIES PoOLLocK. 4 AvausTINE BirRRELL, M.P. RicHarp Garnett, LL.D. A. G. Ross. # R. D. BhackMoRE. EDMUND GOSSE. GEorGE AUGUSTUS SALA. % Rev. Pror. Bonney, F.R.S. H. Riper HAGGARD. W. BaprisTE Scoonss. © Riaut Hon. James Bryce, M.P. THomas HARDY. G. R. Sms. H Haun Carine. Jerome K. JEROME. S. Squire SPRIGGE. = Eaerton Caste. RupyYARD KIPuina. J. J. STEVENSON. “| P. W. CLAYDEN. Pror. E. Ray LANKESTER, F.R.S. Jas.. SULLY. . 7 Epwarp CLopp. J. M. Levy. Wiviiam Moy THOMAS. 4 W. Morris Cones. Rev. W. J. Lortis, F.S.A. H. D. Tratt, D.C.L. B Hon. JoHN COLLIER. Pror. J. M. D. MEIKLEJOHN. Baron Henry DE Worms, M_P., 4 W. Martin Conway. Herman C. MERIVALE. F.R.S. % F. Marion CRAWFORD. Rev. C. H. MippLEToN- WAKE. EDMUND YATES. Hon. Counsel—E. M. UNDERDOWN, Q.C. Solicitors—Messrs Firip, Roscoz, and Co., Lincoln’s Inn Fields. Secretary—G. Herpert THRING, B.A. OFFICES. 4, PortuGAL STREET, Lincotn’s Inn Frexps, W.C. Now ready, Third Edition, with Additions throughout, in demy 8vo., 700 pages, price 15s. AN ANECDOTAL HISTORY OF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT, From the Earliest Periods to the Present Time. A WITH NOTICES OF EMINENT PARLIAMENTARY MEN, AND EXAMPLES OF THEIR ORATORY. CoMPILED FROM AUTHENTIC SOURCES BY GHORGE HENRY IJBNNINGS. CONTENTS. | Appenpix.—(A) Lists of the Parliaments of England and of the United Kingdom. (B) Speakers of the House of Commons. (C) Prime Ministers, Lord Chancellors, and Secretaries of State. from 1715 to 1892. -i\% Part 1.—Riseand Progress of Parliamentary Institutions. 4 Parr I.—Personal Anecdotes: Sir Thomas More to John Morley. % Part I1I.—Miscellaneous. 1. Elections. 2. Privilege ; Ex- clusion of Strangers; Publication of Debates. | 3. Parliamentary Usages, &c. 4. Varieties. ey Opinions of the Press of the Present Edition. ‘‘ The work, which has long been held in high repute as a repertory | “Jt is a work that possesses both a practical and an historical ‘< of good things, is more than ever rich in doth instruction and amuse- | value, and is altogether unique in character.’”—Kentish Observer. ag ment. ”—Scotsman. | ‘We can heartily panier this work to the politician, whatever iS “ + : | may be his party leanings.” —Northern Echo. it sae Ales oe ak renee ee seems and in its | Hore ws have the whole company of Parliamentary celebrities, ee | ee | past and present, reduced to puppets, so to speak, and made to a ‘Its advantage to those who are seeking seats in Parliament, or repeat their best and most approved rhetorical performances for our % who may have occasion to assist as speakers during the electoral leisurely entertainment, which is not less enjoyable from being allied ae cempaign, is incumparable.”—Sala’s Journal. with edification.” —Liverpool Courier. ( Orders may now be sent to HORACE COX “Law Times Office,’”’ Windsor House, Bream’s-buildings, E.C. 36 ADVERTISEMENTS. MESDAMES BRETT & BOWSER, TYPISTS, SELBORNE CHAMBERS, BELL YARD, TEMPLE BAR. Authors’ MSS. carefully and expeditiously copied, from 1s. per 1000 words. Extra carbon copies half price. Refer- ences kindly permitted to Augustine Birrell, Esq., M.P. THE AUTHOR'S HAIRLESS PAPER-PAD. (Tue LEaDENHALL PREss Lrp., E.C.) 2 Contains hairless paper, over which the pen slips with perfect freedom. Siapence each: 58. per dozen, ruled or plain. MIss RR. V. GiILdE, TYPE-WRITING OFFICES, 6, Adam-street, Strand, W.C. eee Authors’ and dramatists’ Work a Speciality. All kinds of MSS. copied with care. Extra attention given to difficult hand-writing and to papers or lectures on scientific subjects. Type-writing from dictation. Shorthand Notes taken and transcribed. : FURTHER PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION. MRS. GILEg, TYPE-WRITING OFFICE, 35, LUDGATE HILL, EC. (ESTABLISHED 1883.) pe Authors’ MSS. carefully copied from 1s. per 1000 words. Plays, &c., 18. 8d. per 1000 words. Extra copies (carbon) supplied at the rate of 4d. and 3d. per 1000 words. Type-writing from dictation 2s. 6d. per hour. Reference kindly permitted to Walter Besant, Esq. Miss PATTEN, TYPIST: . 44, Oakley Street Flats, Chelsea, S.W. Nee ee Authors’ MSS. carefully transcribed. References kindly permitted to George Augustus Sala, Esq., Justin Huntly McCarthy, Esq., and many other well-known Authors. -- Fire- Proof Safe for MSS. Particulars on Application. BUY, BEG, BORROW, or STEAL. ) TICKPHAST- PASTE. 6d. and 1s. LITERARY PRODUCTIONS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION Cae REVISED and CORRECTED on Mode- rate Terms by the Author of “The Queen’s English up to Date”’ (see Press Opinions), price 2s. Address “ Anglophil,” - Literary Revision Office, 342, Strand, W.C. TWENTY-FIFTH ISSUE. Now ready, super-royal 8vo., price 15s., post free. CROCKFORD’S CLERICAL DIRECTORY HOF, Loao. Being a Statistical Book of Reference for Facts relating to the Clergy in England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and the Colonies, WITH A FULLER INDEX RELATING TO PARISHES AND BENEFICES THAN ANY EVER YET GIVEN TO THE PUBLIC. LONDON HORACE COX, WINDSOR HOUSE, BREAM’S BUILDINGS, E.O. CORRS ese. ARTS OF READING, WRITING, AND SPEAKING, LETTERS TO A LAW STUDENT. By tem DLarem 20. SHRIBANT COX. RE-ISSUE (SIXTH THOUSAND). PRICE 7s. 6d. LONDON: HORACE COX, “LAW TIMES” OFFICE, WINDSOR HOUSE, BREAM’S BUILDINGS, E.C. Printed and Published by Horack Cox, Windsor House, Bream’s-buildings, London, E.C. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author, Vol. 04 Issue 01 (June 1893) Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em>, Vol. 04 Issue 01 (June 1893) Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1893-06-01-The-Author-4-1 publications The Author