https://historysoa.com/files/original/5/450/1893-05-01-The-Author-3-12.pdf 455bb674c1ac0f0ba0f0696dde875d5b PDF Text Text ���������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em> Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, <em>The Author</em>, 1890<span>–</span>1914, made available together for the first time.<br /><br />Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&amp;collection=&amp;type=&amp;tags=&amp;exhibit=&amp;date_search_term=&amp;submit_search=Search+For+Items&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1893-05-01 Volume 3 Issue 12 Pages Page range in volume 425–464 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18930501 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin Che Fluthor. (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vou. III.—No. 12.] Agreements Warnings ves ee How to Use the Society The Authors’ Syndicate Notices... oe cs Literary Property— MAY 1, 1893. [PRICE SIXPENCE. CONTENTS. PAGE. PAGE wee 427 Libraries—New and Old... ak os os ce eee .-. 444 we 427 An Author's Experiences ... ec oe ae aes ae .. 446 --» 428 Correspondence— . 428 1.—New Writers Re ee eae se ou is .. 449 . 429 : Attack and Defence Sey en Se See Me ae 450 3.—A Coincidence ca oe Ge a is nay wee 450 4.—Prompt Payment 1 i | | } 1.—Magazines and Copyright : ee ae 2.—On Stamping Agreements 5.—Value of Criticism to Beginners : see a 3 451 3.—The Right of Translation 6.—How to Help Young Writers... es ie te ae 4.—Half Price and Half Royalty 7.—Dreams a ee ge fe 451 5.—A Fair Agreement ... From the Fapers— 6—Titles. =... ae ee 1.—Literature at the Chicago Exhibition. From the Chicago The Cost of Production aes can ee ox Dial and the New York Critic oe ee Se are sce 452 i Omnium Gatherum for May. By J. M. Lély ... 2.—The Rolled MS. From the New York Critic a i AOS | The Royal Literary Fund Dinner wa 3.—An American Paternoster Row... as cy oe 488 ie ‘The Theft.” By F. B. Doveton... 4.—Dedications ... ote gis ise See ee ae 5. 454 Notes and News. By the Editor... sea oe 5.—Filing Copyright ... ao aS oes aes ae ... 454 + Augustine.” By the Rev. Canon Bell, D.D.... he pea ae 6.—The Current Adjective... ous Ne a ea a abs Feuilleton.—The People of the Pages .By the Countess Galletti... 7.—Alas! Poor Yorick! a <n ae os See se D8 Goodbye to April. By Lewis Brockman fe ae Ga “ At the Sign of the Author's Head” ... cae ea ee = 4b5 Psychological Sentiments ... ane ies ee The Book Exchange... ul ous oie xe a ie on SBT Reminiscences of Taine. By Winifrede Wyse | New Books and New Editions Bs ne ae ae oe -.. 468 PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY. a 1. The Annual Report. That for January 1892 can be had on application to the Secretary. tH 9. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance of Literary Property. Issued to all Members. 3. The Grievances of Authors. (The Leadenhall Press.) 1s. The Report of three Meetings on the general subject of ‘Literature and its defence, held at Willis’s Rooms, March, 1887. 4 Literature and the Pension List. By W. Morris CoLLes, Barrister-at-Law. (Henry Glaisher, gs, Strand, W.C.) 3s. 5. The History of the Sociéte des Gens de Lettres. the Society. 1s. 6. The Cost of Production. In this work specimens are given of the most important forms of type, size of page, &c., with estimates showing what it costs to produce the more common kinds of books. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 2s. 6d. 7. The Various Methods of Publication. By S. Squire Spriace. In this work, compiled from the pepers in the Society’s offices, the various forms of agreements proposed by Publishers to MI Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the various kinds of fraud which have been made possible by the different clauses in their agreements. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 35. : Copyright Law Reform. An Exposition of Lord Monkswell’s Copyright Bill now before Parlia- ment. With Extracts from the Report of the Commission of 1878, and an Appendix i | containing the Berne Convention and the American Copyright Bill. By J. M. Levy. Hyre a i and Spottiswoode. Is. 6d. ' By S§. Squire SpriageE, late Secretary to o a ad  426 ADVERTISEMENTS. The Society of Authors (Sncorporated), PRESIDENT. GHEORGHE MEREDITEH. COUNCIL. Str Epwin Arno, K.C.LE., C.S.I. ALFRED AUSTIN. J. M. Barris. A. W. A Broxerv. Rogert Bateman. Sir Henry Berenz, K.C.M.G. WALTER BEsAnrt. AUGUSTINE BIRRELL, M.P. R. D. BLackmoreE. Rev. Pror. Bonney, F.B.S. Lord BRABOURNE. James Bryce, M.P. Haut Carne. P. W. CLaypen. Epwakp CLopp. W. Morris Couugs. Hon. JoHn Courier. W. Martin Conway. F. Marion CRAWFORD. Austin Dogson. A. W. Dusoura. Epmunp Gossz. THomas Harpy. J. M. Leny. OswaLp CRAWFURD, C.M.G. Tue Earu or Desart. J. Eric Ericusen, F.R.S. Pror. MicHaEL Foster, F.R.S. HERBERT GARDNER, M.-P. RicHarp Garnett, LL.D. H. Riper Haaaarp. JERomE K. Jerome. Rupyarp Kiprina. Pror. E. Ray Lanxester, F.R.S. Rey. W. J. Lorri, F.S.A. Pror. J. M. D. Mrrxugsoun. Herman C. MEeRIvane. Rev. C. H. Mippteton-Waxe F.L.S. Lewis Morris. Pror. Max Miuuer. J. C. ParKInsoNn. THE Ear. or PEMBROKE AND Mont- GOMERY. Srz FREDERICK Pottock, Bart., LL.D. WALTER Herrizs Pouuock. A. G. Ross. GEoRGE AuGusTus SALA. W. Bapriste Scoonsgs. G. R. Sums. S. Squrre Spriaar. J. J. STEVENSON. Jas. SULLY. Wiui1am Moy Tuomas. H. D. Trarut, D.C.L. Baron HENRY DE Worms, M.P., E.R.S. Epmunp Yates. Hon. Cownsel—K. M. UnpERpown, Q.C. Solicitors—Messrs Frenp, Roscor, and Co., Lincoln’s Inn Fields. Secretary—C. HeRBERT Turina, B.A. OFFICES. 4, Portugat Street, Lincoun’s Inn Freips, W.C. Now ready, Third Edition, with Additions throughout, in demy 8vo., 700 pages, price 15s. AN ANECDOTAL HISTORY oF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT, From the Earliest Periods to the Present Time. WITH NOTICES OF EMINENT PARLIAMENTARY MEN, AND EXAMPLES OF THEIR ORATORY CoMPILED FRoM AUTHENTIC SOURCES BY GHORGEH HRNRY JRNNiNnGs CONTENTS. Part I.—Rise and Progress of Parliamentary Institutions. Part II.—Personal Anecdotes: Sir Thomas More to John Morley. Part III.—Miscellaneous. 1. Elections. 2. Privilege; Ex- elnsion of Strangers; Publication of Debates. 3. Parliamentary Usages, &c. 4. Varieties. APpPENDIXx.—(A) Lists of the Parliaments of England and of the United Kingdom. (B) Speakers of the House of Commons. (C) Prime Ministers, Lord Chancellors, and Secretaries of State from 1715 to - 1892. Opinions of the Press of the Present Edition. ‘“‘ The work, which has long been held in high repute as a repertory of good things, is more than ever rich in doth instruction and amuse- ment. ”—Scotsman. ‘It is a treasury of useful fact and amusing anecdote, and in its latest form should have increased popularity.”"—Globe. who may have occasion to assist as Speakers during the electoral vempaign, is incumparable.”—Sala’s Journal, “Tt is a work that possesses both a practical and an historica | value. and is altogether unique in character.”—Kentish Observer. ‘* We can heartily recommend this work to the politician, whatever may be his party leanings.”—Northern Echo. =o ‘‘Here we have the whole company of Parliamentary celebrities, | past and present, reduced to puppets, so to speak, and made to ‘Its advantage to those who are seeking seats in Parliament, or | repeat their best and most approved rhetorical performances for our | leisurely entertainment, which is not less enjoyable from being allied | with edifleation.”—Ziverpool Courier. "2 Orders may now be sent to HORACE COX “Law Times” Office, Windsor House, Bream’s-buildings, E.C. ecm a  The Huthbor. (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vou. IT1.—No. 12.] MAY 1, 1893. [PRricz SIXPENCE. For the Opinions expressed in papers that are signed or initialled the Authors alone are responsible. None of the papers or parda- graphs must be taken as expressing the collective opinions of the committee unless they are officially signed by G. Herbert Thring, sec. notice that all remittances are acknow- ledged by return of post, and requests that all members not receiving an answer to important communications within two days will write to him without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered letter only. é Secretary of the Society begs to give ee AGREEMENTS. as the vendor, has the absolute right of drafting the agreement upon whatever terms the transaction is to be carried out. Authors are strongly advised to stipulate for that right, and to exercise it. In every other form of business, the right of drawing the agreement rests with him who sells, leases, or has the ¢ ntrol in the property. Landowners draw the convey- ance upon a sale of their property. Landlords draw the lease when they let a house. 7 is not generally understood that the author, os WARNINGS. ie: of the Author and members of the Society are earnestly desired to make the following warnings as widely known as possible. They are based on the experience of eight years’ work by which the dangers to VOL. III. which literary property is especially exposed have been discovered :— 1. Serra, Rieuts.—In selling Serial Rights stipulate that you are selling the Serial Right for one paper at a certain time, a simultaneous Serial Right only, otherwise you may find your work serialized for years, to the detriment of your volume form. 2. Stamp your AGREEmMENTS.—Readers are most URGENTLY warned not to neglect stamping their agreements immediately after signature. If this precaution is neglected for two weeks, a fine of £10 must be paid before the agreement can be used asa legal document. In almost every case brought to the secretary the agreement, or the letter which serves for one, is forwarded without the stamp. The author may be assured that the other party to the agreement never neglects this simple pre- caution. The stamp duty varies from 6d. up to Ios. or more, according to the form of agreement. The Society, to save trouble, undertakes to get all the agreements of members stamped for them at no expense to themselves except the cost of the stamp. 3. ASCERTAIN WHAT A PROPOSED AGREEMENT GIVES TO BOTH SIDES BEFORE SIGNING IT.— Remember that an arrangement as to a joint venture in any other kind of business whatever would be instantly refused should either party refuse to show the books or to let it be known what share he reserved for himself. 4. Lirerary Acents.—Be very careful. You cannot be too careful as to the person whom you appoint as your agent. Remember that you place your property almost unreservedly in his hands. Your only safety is in consulting the Socicty, or some friend who has had personal experience of the agent. Do not trust advertisements alone. 5. Cost OF Propucrion.—Never sign any agreement of which the alleged cost of pro- duction forms an integral part, until you have proved the figures. KK 2  428 6. Cuorcr oF PuBLisuERs.—Never enter into any correspondence with publishers, especially with those who advertise for MSS., who are not recommended by experienced friends or by this Society. 7. Futur—E Worx.—Never, on any account whatever, bind yourself down for future work to anyone. 8. Royaury.—Never accept any proposal of royalty until you have ascertained what the agreement, worked out on both a small and a large sale, will give to the author and what to the publisher. g. Personat Risx.—Never accept any pecu- niary risk or responsibility whatever without advice. 10. Resectep MSS.—Never, when a MS. has been refused by respectable houses, pay others, whatever promises they may put forward, for the production of the work. 11. American Ricurs.— Never sign away American rights. Keep them by special clause. Refuse to sign any agreement containing a clause which reserves them for the publisher, unless for a substantial consideration. If the publisher insists, take away the MS. and offer it to another. 12. Cession or Copyrieur.—Never sign any paper, either agreement or receipt, which gives away copyright, without advice. 13. ADVERTISEMENTS.—Keep control over the advertisements, if they affect your returns, by a clause in the agreement. Reserve a veto. If you are yourself ignorant of the subject, make the Society your adviser. 14. Never forget that publishing is a business, like any other business, totally unconnected with philanthropy, charity, or pure love of literature. You have to do with business men. Be yourself a business man. Society’s Offices :— 4, Portuean Street, Lincotn’s Inn Freips. OO HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY. 1. Every member has a right to advice upon his agreements, his choice of a publisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his business or the administration of his property. If the advice sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member has a right to an opinion from the THE AUTHOR. Society’s solicitors. If the case is such that Counsel’s opinion is desirable, the Committee will obtain for him Counsel’s opinion. All this with- out any cost to the member. z. Remember that questions connected with copyright and publishers’ agreements do not generally fall within the experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually engaged upon such questions for us. 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books repre- sented. This is in order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agreements and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The secretary will always be glad to have . any agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The information thus obtained may prove invaluable. 4. If the examination of your previous business transactions by the Secretary proves unfavour- able, you should take advice as toa change of publishers. 5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the proposed document to the Society for examination. 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks, of every publishing firm in the country. Remember that there are certain houses which live entirely by trickery. 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of literature in promoting the inde- pendence of the writer. 8. Send to the Editor of the Author notes of everything important to literature that you may hear or meet with. oc THE AUTHORS’ SYNDICATE. SPECIAL report of the Authors’ Syndi- cate has been prepared and issued to those members of the Society for whom the Syndicate has transacted business. Members are informed: 1. That the Authors’ Syndicate takes charge of the business of members of the Society. With, when necessary, the assistance of the legal advisers of the Society, it concludes agreements, collects  THE AUTHOR. 429 royalties, examines and passes accounts, and generally relieves members of the trouble of managing business details. 2. That the expenses of the Authors’ Syndi- cate are defrayed entirely out of the commission charged on rights placed through its intervention. This charge is reduced to the lowest possible amount compatible with efficiency. Meanwhile members will please accept this intimation that they are not entitled to the services of the Syndi- cate gratis, a misapprehension which appears to widely exist. 3. That the Authors’ Syndicate works for none but those members of the Society whose work possesses a market value. 4. That the business of the Syndicate is not to advise members of the Society, but to manage their affairs for them. 5. That the Syndicate can only undertake arrangements of any character on the distinct understanding that those arrangements are placed exclusively in its hands, and that all negotiations relating thereto are referred to it. 6. That clients can only be seen personally by appointment, and that, when possible, at least four days’ notice should be given. The work of the Syndicate is now so heavy, that only a limited number of interviews can be arranged. 7. That every attempt is made to deal with the correspondence promptly, but that owing to the enormous number of letters received, some delay is inevitable. That stamps should, in all cases, be sent to defray postage. 8. That the Authors’ Syndicate does not invite MSS. without previous correspondence, and does not hold itself responsible for MSS. forwarded without notice. There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in the Syndicate. De NOTICES. HE Editor of the Author begs to remind members of the society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy charge on the resources of the society if a great many members did not forward to the secretary the modest 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and communications on all subjects con- nected with literature from members and others. Nothing can do more good to the society than to make the Author complete, attractive, and interesting. Will those who are willing to nid in this work send their names and the special subjects on which they are willing to write ? Communications for the Author should reach the editor not later than the 21st of each month. All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate to the Editor any points connected with their work which it would be advisable in the general interest to publish. Members and others who wish their MSS. read are requested not to send them to the Office with- out previously communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in which they are received. It must also be distinctly understood that the Society does not, under any circum- stances, undertake the publication of MSS. The Authors’ Club is now opened in its new premises, at 3, Whitehall-court, Charing Cross. ‘Address the Secretary for information, rules of admission, &c. Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they have paid their subscriptions for the year? If they will do this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker’s order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the trouble of sending out a reminder. Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the warning numbered (3). It is a most foolish and a most disastrous thing to bind yourself to anyone for a term of years. Let them ask them- selves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest ? Of course they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign themselves into literary bondage for three or five years ? Those who possess the “Cost of Production” are requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15 per cent. This means, for those who do not like the trouble of ‘doing sums,” the addition of three shillings in the pound on this head. In other words, if the cost of binding is set down in our book at eight pounds, to this must now be added twenty-four shillings more, so that it now stands at £9 4s. The figures in our book are as near the exact truth as can be procured : but a printer’s, or a binder’s, bill is so elastic a thing that nothing more exact can be arrived at.  430 Some remarks have been made upon the amvunt charged in the “Cost of Production” for advertising. Ofcourse, we have not included any sums which may be charged for inserting adver- tisements in the publisher’s own magazines, or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket, by inserting any number of advertisements in his own magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are who call this a form of fraud: it is not known what those who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it. — ee LITERARY PROPERTY. I. MaGaZINES AND COPYRIGHT. AM pleased that my letter, signed ‘ P.,” inserted in December, has been thought of sufficient interest and importance to call forth valuable remarks in every subsequent num- ber, and I may now try to sum up the knowledge we have gained thereby. The essence of the provision in the Act is as follows :— When any proprietor shall employ any person to compose articles on the terms that the copyright therein shall belong to such proprietor, and such articles shall be paid for by such proprietor, the copyright shall be the property of such proprietor. Here, as Mr. Harold Hardy (p. 313) points out, in order that the proprietor shall be entitled to the copyright, three conditions must be fulfilled :— (1) Employment.—The writer must have been employed to write the article. (2) Terms.—The article must be written on the terms that the copyright therein shall belong to the proprietor. (3) Payment.—The writer of the article must be paid for it by the proprietor. Now let us put a few cases to see how this will work, A.—Suppose I write an article according to my own fancy, and send it to a magazine. It is inserted and paid for, but nothing is said about copyright by either party. There clearly the conditions 1 and 2 are absent, and the copyright, by the general Act, should be wholly mine. Mr. Armstrong (p. 277) mentions an obiter dictum of the Vice-Chancellor to this effect, that “the payment is evidence of a thing at least tantamount to the employment,” but this cannot THE AUTHOR. reasonably apply here, as the Act is so very explicit in requiring not only payment, but distinct and positive employment under specified terms. B.—But suppose the proprietor or editor of a cyclopedia or review sequests me to write an article for him on a given subject; this is after- wards paid for, but still nothing has been said about copyright. Here we have distinct employment, and there- fore conditions 1 and 3 are fulfilled. But how about condition 2? By the hypothesis it is assumed to be wanting, but it may be argued that my acceptance of the duty involves my con- forming to the usual practice of the periodical, which may be to retain the copyrights. And here, I fancy, the case of Sweet v. Benning, cited by Mr. Hardy and Mr. Charteris, might come in, it being held that an express contract was not necessary, if the “terms” might primd facie be implied. It would seem, therefore, that here the owner- ship of the copyright may depend on the special circumstances of the case. C.—Finally, suppose that in the first instance I write to the editor, and ask him if he would like me to send him an article on a subject named? He answers me in the affirmative, and the article is sent, inserted, and paid for. Does this constitute “ employment?” I should think not; for the position of the author is essentially different. In case B., he is a servant, paid for his work ; here he is a volunteer, and his work may be thrown away by the rejection of what he sends. All these three cases are of frequent occur- rence—in A. and C., the author's ownership seems clear, in B. it may be uncertain. There is, I believe, a common impression that the copyright in magazine articles belongs jointly to the proprietor and the author, and, as“ J.” has said, it is frequently assumed, as a matter of courtesy, that both parties should concur in allowing a reprint. But such an impression can- not over-ride the Act of Parliament, when the latter clearly gives the property to the author. It is also worthy of notice that, even when the copyright rests with the proprietor, he cannot publish the article separately without the author’s consent; and after twenty-eight years the full right of such separate publication “reverts”? to the author. So that, unless the full copyright is specially transterred, an important control by him over the publication is always maintained. Witiiam Pote. Atheneum Club. April 17, 1893.  THE AUTHOR. 431 EL On Srampinec AGREEMENTS. Readers are constantly warned, in _ these columns, not to neglect the stamping of their agreements. An ordinary agreement, under hand, for the publication of a book is liable to the duty of 6d. If the contract is im duplicate, one part to be held by the publisher, the other by the author, both must be stamped with 6d. Ifa 6d. adhesive stamp—the ordinary 6d. postage stamp —is used, it should be affixed to the document before signing, and the signature written across it, and the date, say 1-4-93, should also be written on the stamp, thus: | J 3. Jone's. 1-4-93 You will then have complied with the strict requirements of the law as to stamping and can- cellation of the stamp. Remember that it is useless to stick a 6d. adhesive stamp on to the agreement after it has been signed by the party who first signs it; the law requires that the adhesive stamp shall be cancelled by the person who first executes the agreement. If the contract is contained in a_ series of letters, a stamp on any one of them will suffice ; but it will be most convenient to stamp the letter from the publisher containing the acceptance of terms, and in that case the stamp should be a 6d. impressed stamp, obtainable at Somerset House within fourteen days from the date of the letter. If the agreement inter partes has been signed without a stamp, take your part to Somerset House (No. 25, Inland Revenue), or send it to the Comptroller of Stamps and Stores, with six- pence in stamps, and a request to get it stamped, so that it may be stamped with an impressive 6d. stamp within fourteen days from the date ; the actual date not counting as one of the fourteen days. But Sundays and holidays count, @.e., if the fourteenth day falls on a Sunday, you will be “out of time’? onthe Monday. The maximum penalty for stamping an agree- ment under hand after the fourteen days is £10. But the authorities usually mitigate this consi- derably, unless stamping 1s sought in contempla- tion of legal proceedings, or in the course of pro- ceedings already commenced. If the document is produced unstamped in court you will have to pay £11 os. 6d. (£10 penalty, & fee, 6d. duty) before it can be used in evidence. Anagreement of this kind under seal, which is rare, is liable to a duty of at least 10s. as a “deed” at least, and may be liable to further duty according to its terms. The time for stamping a deed is thirty days from date of first execution. Other remarks apply. —— EL Tur Riegut oF TRANSLATION. Under Article V. of the Berne Convention, it is provided that an author shall have the exclu- sive right of translation until the expiration of ten years from publication of the original work ; but when we turn to the International Copyright Act, 1886, we find it provided (clause 5 (1) ) that he shall have the same right of preventing un- authorised translations which he has of prevent- ing piracy of the original work. The only lmi- tation I can find is that, in the next sub-division of the clause, it is provided that, if after ten years no authorised translation has been produced, the author's right to forbid unauthorised trans- lations shall cease. In other words, the author’s right in respect of translation appears, by the Berne Convention, to be absolute for ten years; whereas by the Inter- national Copyright Act it seems to be extended to the full term of literary copyright on the sole condition that an authorised translation shall be published within ten years. T observe that the Order in Council (Nov. 28, 1887), by which Great Britain was made a party to the Berne Convention, provides (sect. 8), that this order shall be construed as if it formed part of the International Copyright Act, 1886. I should be glad if someone more learned in these matters would explain to me how these different provisions can be reconciled. F. T. TY. Tur “Har Price” CLavse. We have spoken already of a certain “ half price ”’ clause, and what it means. As our obser- vations were not quite understood, the following figures will help to explain. The clause, in sub- stance, though the wording is sometimes different, runs as follows: ‘ But if the publisher thinks fit to sell the book under half the advertised price the above royalty of so much per cent. shall be reduced by one half.” This seems plausible. The author ignorantly thinks that if the publisher halves his price the royalty ought also in justice to be halved, so he signs. Let us illustrate the clause by taking a two- volume novel, nominally 21s. price, subject to a royalty of 15 per cent. It is really sold at about irs. to the libraries (sometimes for less), t.€., S1X- pence over half price. It costs about 4s. a copy for an edition of 500. os  432 If the bovk is sold at its. the case stands thus : s. d. Author gets for each copy sold... 3 «14 Publisher gets’ Less cost Se Author ... 3 414 7 14 oe 77 3 105 But if he sells at 1os., which is just under half price. s. dd. The author gets only per copy... I 625 Publisher... 4, 4, 10 6 Less cost re Author ... ro 68. 5 8% 4 570 So that it is to the publisher’s interest, by 6%d., per volume to sell at ros. rather than rts. That is to say he pockets close upon 7d. a copy more by the second arrangement than by the first. This was pointed out to a certain publisher in a certain case. He explained that he did not know that such would be the result. V. A Farr AGREEMENT. A pleasing agreement has been brought to light in which the author agreed to cede the whole of his rights ina book, whatever they should prove to be, not for half profits, or for two-thirds profits ; not for a royalty of 20 per cent., or 25 per cent. on the advertised price, but for 124 per cent. on the amount realised by the sale of the work. To make it look pretty it was called a “ royalty ”—a royalty of 124 per cent. on the amount realised by the sale of the work. Suppose, to put this neat little job into figures, the whole edition of 1000 copies of a book under such an agreement —taking, as usual, a 6s. book—had gone off, the net proceeds would have been £175. (See “ Cost of Production.”) The author’s share would have been £23. The publisher’s profit would have been £52. Suppose another edition of 3000 copies had gone, the proceeds would have been £575. The author’s share would have been £72. The profits would be £355, and the pub- lisher’s share £283. Now this is no invention of something that might have happened. It is an agreement actually drawn up and signed. VI. TITLEs. Such a newspaper title as The Journal is of so general a class as scarcely to afford pro- mise of a leading case, if dispute arose. How- THE AUTHOR. ever, the company which has since July, 1892, run the large Paris daily sheet called Le Journal has recently had to defend an action brought (for £2000 damages and a penalty of £8 a day) by one Gregori, who on Feb, 4th, 1886, had regis- tered the title, and who, between then and April, 1892, had published at irregular dates five numbers of his paper. Then, when the other Journal was announced, he made a spurt with a few more numbers. The Commercial Court has now decided that Gregori’s publication was neither daily, weekly, monthly, nor in any sense periodical; ani, further, that the mere registration of a title (in this dog-in-the-manger fashion, as one might say) without giving practical and current effect and consequence to the act, does not in equity confer an exclusive right to the title. And so Gregori has “carried coals” for nothing, and may now “bite his thumb.” THE COST OF PRODUCTION. HE statement lately made by Mr. Heinemann, that he could not get work done at the same terms as those quoted in the “Cost of Production ”’ has made it desirable, despite the great care with which those figures were obtained and published, to submit, once more, the figures there given to other printers. The firm to whom they have been referred is one which is certainly above all suspicion of being a sweating house ; at the same time, its work is quite in the first line, as would be acknowledged by anyone, were it possible to give their name. It appears, from an examination made by this firm, that the figures-are perfectly trustworthy, viz., that, although a printer’s estimate is necessarily an elastic document, work offered on our terms would be accepted not only by that firm, but, as the manager frankly stated, by dozens of other firms. Note, however, that th figures represent net prices, not the prices off which heavy discounts are taken. On page 19 of the ‘‘ Cost of Production ”’ there is an estimate for an edition—5oo copies only—of a one-volume novel. “The total,” said the printer, “of £166 10s. is about what we should charge, deducting the amount set down for binding and advertising ; but instead of 5s. 6d. for printing, we should want 6s. 6d.” That is a trifling difference, because few respectable publishers would care to produce a one-volume novel of which only 500 copies would be printed, the number not  THE AUTHOR. 433 being sufficient to pay the initial cost. This estimate, in fact, might as well be struck out, unless we consider the case of a writer paying to produce his own work regardless of pecuniary success. Again, the figures; given for very small editions of three-volume novels could only be accepted, according to this authority, in cases where the publisher gives a good deal of work to a printing firm. But, then, respectable firms do not often bring out a three-volume novel in an edition of 350 copies and no more. Such a book is not worth bringing out. Again, this estimate is practically useful only to those who pay for their own work. They ought not to be encouraged in so foolish a practice, and the estimates might very well disappear. Yet, in the case of a firm sending in a great deal of work, the figures would stand. The sum of the matter is this :— Under modifications of numbers, work can be done by a firm of first-class printers at the prices quoted for printing in the “ Cost of Production.” In other words, private persons and small publishers, who have little work to give out, would probably have to pay somewhat higher rates. But the “Cost of Production” does not pretend to represent either private persons or small publishers. It may be added to the above that a private person, publishing a short time ago a book at his own expense and risk, took it, by the advice of the secretary, to a certain London firm—a very high-class firm—and that their estimate and their bill proved to be actually less than the estimate given in the “ Cost of Production” for the same form of book. The following may also be added. It is a story now four or five years old. A. B., bringing out a little book on commission, was informed by the publisher to whom he offered it that it would cost £120 to print and bind. He then obtained an estimate for himself from a firm of c>untry printers whom he knew, and found that it would cost no more than £60. He informed the pub- lisher of the difference, but was told that if the house did not have the conduct of the printing they could not publish the book. In other words, OMNIUM GATHERUM FOR MAY. Suggestions for Books or Articles.—The dangers to every combination from the rivalry of its leaders ;—The extension of the principle of the Directors’ Liability Act of 1890 to unpaid presi- dents of distinction, and to directors Jaineant ; _Jreland as a holiday resort, with special refe- VOL. III. rence to the attractions of Portrush, Bray, Killarney, and Maam ;— Altruism in railway travelling ;—The functions of an Editor (by one);—The cultivation of the Quince ; — The legitimation of children born before marriage, with special reference to the Scotch and Conti- nental law of the subject, the “nolunt leges Angliz mutare” of the Lords at Merton when the Bishops ‘ instanted ” them, and Mr. McLaren’s Bill now before Parliament ;—The use and abuse of Patent Medicines (with a few words on the dangers and expense of rouge and other cos- metics) ;—Librarianship as a profession. Demurrage.—It is submitted as possible that demurrage might be contracted for in respect of MSS. held over for more than a reasonable time, and not used. Index.—It is submitted as possible that a short table of contents, printed on a paper or cloth label, pasted on the back of a binding, may serve many of the purposes of an index in the case of thick books of reference. Prefaces. — Prefaces should be always two pages long, neither more nor less; more being tiresome, and less being uncomplimentary. There should be a careful division into para- graphs, and the last paragraph of the first page should run over into the second, otherwise the reader may lose your best bits. Dedications.—These, which I touched on in March, are exhaustively dealt with in the Lite- rary World column of the St. James’s Gazette of April 8, at p. 12. As to quality, the two best of recent times—that of Tennyson’s Idylls, and that of Mill on Liberty—were to memories of the dead. As to quantity, I counted seven in a row of twenty-six quite new books the other day, but T think I must then have hit upon a dedicated lot, for in another similar row of about forty, I could only find four ; and, looking to the difficulties of the thing, perhaps the lesser average may be the more desirable one. Interview with the Printer.—If it be possible, have an interview with the head printer in charge of your book as soon as you have read through the first proof. See that each proof and proof duplicate is dated, and ascertain generally to what extent corrections may be made without “ running over.” I believe the expense of marginal notes has caused their disuse across the Atlantic. In many cases, but not all, the cheaper “ inlet ”’ will serve the purpose of the marginal note equally well. Reviewing. — A reviewer should always be anonymous ; a review should never be solicited ; the desirability of universal machine-cutting of it eee en aa  434 THE pages is in no ease so self-evident as in the case of a book sent for review. Advertisements—The disguise of advertise- ments as literary matter, and the interfusion of advertisements with magazine stories, are surely being carried too far. The object of the advertiser is no doubt to force the advertisement upon the notice of the reader, who, however, is more likely to be repelled than not from the pills of X by their ill-judged intrusion into the novelette of Z. Copyright.—The 18th section of the Copyright Act of 1842 is a disgrace to civilisation. J. M. Lety. THE ROYAL LITERARY FUND DINNER. HIS dinner was held on April 25, the chair being taken by Mr. Arthur Balfour, Among the men of letters present were Sir Frederick Pollock, Sir Theodore Martin, Professor Jebb, Canon Ainger, Mr. F. Locker Lampson, Mr, Austin Dobson, Mr. Thomas Hardy, Mr. J. M. Barrie, Mr. W. J. Courthope, Mr. Edward Dicey, Mr. Edmund Yates, Mr. J. C. Parkinson, Mr. Henry Arthur Jones, and Professor Norman Lockyer. The following, as reported in the Times, is that part of Mr. Balfour’s address which was concerned with literature :— “But I fear that on the present occasion I have dealt too long with this special topic. My business is rather to talk to you, not of the political future of the country, but of matters connected with literature—of matters, in other words, which those who belong to this Society may be supposed to take an especial interest in and have especially under their charge. I do not know that I have anything to say which may interest you on this topic. We have all felt that the great names which rendered illustrious the early years of the great Victorian epoch are one by one dropping away, and now perhaps but few are left. I do not know that any of us can see around us the men springing up who are to occupy the thrones thus left vacant. I should not venture to say—and indeed I do not think— that we live in an age barren of literature. But none of us will deny that, at all events at the present moment, we do not seea rising generation of men of letters likely to rival those of old times. (Hear, hear.) I was born, I suppose, too late to join in the full enthusiasm which I have known expressed for the writers whose best works were produced before 1860 or 1870. Pergon- ally I have known many who found in the AUTHOR. writings of —whom shall I say? — Carlyle, Tennyson, Browning, and George Eliot every- thing that they could imagine or desire, either in the way of artistic excellence, or ethical instruc. tion, or literary delight. I have not myself ever been able to surrender myself so absolutely to the charm and the greatness of these great and charming writers. I have sometimes thought that the age of which [ speak may perhaps have been inclined unduly to exalt itself in comparison with that despised century, the eighteenth. (Cheers.) Whoever may be right or wrong in these matters, at all events the fact remains that the authors to whom I have alluded would have rendered any reign illustrious; that they have departed ; and that we do not at present see among us their successors. (Hear, hear.) It is a most interesting situation, because I am not prepared to admit that we live in an age which bears upon it the marks of decadence. (Hear, hear.) Undoubtedly there is more knowledge of literature, more command of literary technique, both in prose and poetry, at the present moment, than has been often the case, or perhaps ever the case before. You will find a true literary instinct pervading the whole enormous and even over- whelming mass of contemporary literature. Therefore it certainly is not from ignorance nor indifference that the present age fails, if, indeed, I am right in thinking that it does fail. Neither has the present age another mark which has been characteristic of previous ages of decadence. There have been periods when the love of literature was very widely spread through the community, when a knowledge of literature and a command of literary forms was prevalent among the educated classes ; but when, at the same time, the admira- tion of past works of genius was so overwhelming that it seemed almost impossible to bring forth new works of genius in competition with them. The old forms, in fact, commanded and mastered whatever imaginative and original genius there may have been at the time of which I am speaking. I do not believe that that is the case now. My own conviction is that at this moment, not only is there no dislike of novelty, not only is there no prejudice in favour of ancient models, but any new thing of any merit whatever is likely to be accepted and welcomed at least at its true value. (Hear, hear.) I recollect an artist friend of mine, who had studied for some time in the cosmopolitan studios of Paris, saying that in his Opinion we were on the very verge of a great artistic revival. He said that he found among the students with whom he associated such a zeal for art and such a knowledge of art, so great a desire to bring forth some new thing which should be worthy of the everlasting admiration of man- THE kind, that in his judgment it was absolutely impossible that so much talent, so much zeal, and so much readiness to accept new ideas, should not ultimately issue in the formation of a great and original school of painting. (Hear, hear.) What he said of painting we may surely say at the present day of literature. (Hear, hear.) It only requires the rise of some great man of genius to mould the forces which exist in plenty around us, to utilise the instruction which we have almost in superabundance, and to make the coming age of literature as glorious or even more glorious than any of those which have preceded it. (Cheers. ) Whether that genius will arise or not I cannot say. ‘The wind bloweth where it listeth, and no man knoweth whence it cometh or whither it goeth.” So it is with genius; and no man can prophesy what is to be the literary future of the world. “My friend Lord Kelvin has often talked to me of the future of science, and he has said words to me about the future of science, which are parallel with the words I have quoted to you about the future of art and with the hope which I have expressed to you with respect to literature. He has told me that, to the men of science of to- day, it appears as if we were trembling upon the brink of some great scientific discovery which should give to us a new view of the great forces of nature among which and in the midst of which we move. If this prophecy be right, and if the other forecasts to which I have alluded be right, then, indeed, it is true that we live in an interesting age; then, indeed, it is true that we may look forward to a time full of fruit for the human race—to an age which cannot be sterilised or rendered barren even by politics. THE THEFT. The Little God upon a day was sleeping Among the roses in a garden fair, The wand’ring winds of June were softly sweeping The tangled mazes of his golden hair ; Beside him lay his quiver and his bow, But he was dreaming in the noontide summer glow. Then, Friendship came from roaming by the river, And, gently creeping to the sleeper’s side, Stole his bright bow, and eke his dainty quiver, And like the wind to Flora’s bower hied ! There, through the leaves that hid her place of rest, He lodged an arrow in her milk-white breast. The maiden woke, her bosom newly riven, But, after all, it was delicious pain, Whilst the old wound the Rosy God had given Full well she knew would never smart again. The birds—the blooms—the cloudless skies above, All knew that Friendship had been turned to Love. Easter. F, B, DovEeron. VOL. IIl. AUTHOR. aes NOTES AND NEWS. T will be seen, by reference to p. 452, that the Congress of Authors fixed for next July, at Chicago, is assuming an impor- tance which may produce very serious results. The head of the Chicago Committee is Mr. F. F. Browne, editor of the Chicago Dial. A com- mittee of co-operation has been formed in New York, whose chairman is Oliver Wendell Holmes, and its members are Edmund C. Stedman, Charles Eliot Norton, Charles Dudley Warner, William Dean Howells, Colonel Higginson, H. H. Furness, Richard Watson Gilder, Thomas Bailey Aldrich, George W. Cable, Maurice Thompson, Thomas Nelson Page, Frank Sherman, and Hjalmar Boryesen. That is to say, most of the leading American writers are lending their active co-operation to the Congress. The topics for discussion are announced gene- rally in the preliminary circular.. To this has since been added a section on American Litera- ture. Under the head of “ Aspects of Literature” are now included new sub-divisions, such as “Standards of Literary Criticism,” ‘ Moral Purpose in Literature,” ‘“ Realism,” &c. I hope to be entrusted with a sheaf of papers and opinions to take out with me. Mr, Sprigge will read a paper on the “ Methods of Publishing ”— no one is more competent or has had greater opportunities of studying the subject. Mr. Hodges, Hon. Sec. of our Copyright Comunittee, will send a paper on the present condition of Copyright. There will be, I believe, a paper on the History of Publishing, another on the History of Copyright in Literary Property, one on the present and the future relations of Author and Publisher. Mr. Gosse will send a paper on the Present Position and Prospects of Poetry. I have ready, and will send out, at once, a short paper stating the points under discussion as regards the relations of Author and Publisher. As regards the points mentioned above, and other points connected with the Pursuit or Calling of Letters which may suggest themselves, I invite our members to consider them. It may be, if the response to this invitation proves as real and as wide as I hope, that our contributions to the Congress may amount to a volume of far reaching and lasting importance. Elsewhere will be found part of Mr. Balfour’s speech at the Royal Literary Fund Dinner—that part which concerns Literature. It was not in nn 2 pecans  436 his happiest vein; nor did it show much know- ledge of, or sympathy with, modern literature It is a commonplace in every age to say that it has no great men in this branch or in that. Yet the speaker would not admit the outward signs of decadence, especially the continual com- parison with the past, and he congratulated his hearers on the fact that our living writers are not overburdened with the past. It is a mark—a sign of the vitality—of English litera- ture, that we have never been burdened with the past; that we leave it behind us, and that we turn to it when we will, but do not live in it; that we still press on. The ideas that were new when Tennyson and Carlyle first gave them utterance are commonplace now—hence Mr. Balfour—who had inherited them, not received them—spoke of these great men failing wholly to satisfy him. As for the Art of the present day, in whatever form expressed, it seems to lack greatness. | When an artist draws a picture charged with the strong passions which formerly appealed to everybody, he is too often hooted— eg., Hardy with Tess, the strength and truth of which made the ordinary reader angry. Our poetry is lovely work, without much meaning ; it is little work; and so with every other kind of work. It must not be strong if it would wish to win the popularity of the cultured class. And there is every sign that it will become more and more beautiful and less and less human. And then? Perhaps there has already risen and is growing up beside it, and is going to overshadow and kill it—the Art that has once more gone back to Earth and once more represents humanity. Professor Jebb, who also spoke, is reported to have said that English literature had always been free from the trammels of an Academy, and that he had but one wish for its future—that it should always remain free from those trammels. I con- fess that my principal reason for desiring an English Academy—not a slavish copy of the French—is (1) a desire for the national recog- nition of literature as a thing worthy of all the honour that the country can give. At present literature has no such recognition. And (2) a desire that men of letters should have a recog- nised centre, and recognised distinctions. This does not mean—as it has been assumed to mean— a desire that all good writers should be made knights bachelor. Not at all; such a distinction should neither be offered to them, nor accepted by them. But an Academy seems to me such an institution as might serve the purpose. I must not argue the question here; but I desire to place my Opinion once more on record. THE AUTHOR. Question. How far was Professor Jebb justi- fied in using the word ‘“trammels?’’ How far has French literature been “trammelled ” by the French Academy? What influence has the Academy had on the great French writers—say, Voltaire, Diderot, Béranger, Alfred de Musset, Victor Hugo? An American correspondent presents me with . a pretty little volume well printed in a pale green wrapper, with a lovely picture of a cavalier temp. Charles II., and a maiden—nay, a goddess— dressed in fourteenth century costume. On turning over the pages I become aware that the work is a translation from the French, a novel by one of those foreigners who always, as we are so often told, beat the English novelists out of the field. The title-page, however, says that it is called “The Chaplain’s Secret,” and that it is my work—* by Walter Besant.” The firm which issues this work is called the “N. C. Smith Pub- lishing Company” of Chicago. I wonder how many more works have been published over my name by this enterprising firm. I wonder how many are published over other names. The foreign field is large. I expect, if I go to Chicago, to find something like the following, all in a series :— “The Sorrows of Werther,” by Rudyard Kipling. “The Count of Monte Christo,” by Rider Haggard. “The Miserables,’ by Louis Stevenson. ‘ Tar- tarin of Tarascon,” by J. M. Barrie. “The Wandering Jew,” by Charlotte Young. “ Miss de Maupin,” by George Macdonald. “ Sa’ammbo,”’ by Thomas Hardy. ‘Telemachus,” by Conan Doyle. There is, in short, going to be, Iam pretty certain, a splendid boom in Chicago for English novelists. The ‘Decay of Fiction”? appeared as usual among the “thoughtful” papers of April. This time it is the work of Mr. Frederic Harrison. There is no necessity to argue with Mr. Harrison. I maintain that, while we have certain distinguished novelists living amongst us, it is absurd to speak of} English fiction as otherwise than in a most vigorous and healthy condition. But it is too true that to all of us there comes a time when we no longer care so much for the newer forms of fiction as we did for those which were practised is our youth. Hence the complaint that the characters of the present day are not so vivid as they were, the fault being in the decay of our own imagination. It is pleasant, however, to find that the condition of modern fiction is a sub- ject of such deep concern to men whom the world is accustomed to consider as intellectual leaders. oes As a general rule, one should inquire before reading any paper by anybody on the Condition  THE. AUTHOR. 437 of Fiction, (1) Is the writer old? (2) Is the writer young ?—in the first case he has probably read too much; in the second he has probably read too little; (3) Has he essayed the Art of Fiction, and, if so, with what success? and lastly, what proofs he has given by previous critical papers or otherwise that he understands any theory of the Art of Fiction ? The sketch portrait of Washington Irving is reproduced from the New York Critic, which found it at a print shop some years ago. Mr. Chirles Dudley Warner has been lectur- ing on Washing- ton Irving at the Brooklyn — Insti- tute. It is strange that a personalty so distinct and attractive has not drawn English lecturers and writers. The popularity of the author of “ Knick- erbocker’s New York” and the “ Sketch - book ” cannot surely be on the wane in this country any more than in America. The following is an advertise- ment from the Times :— TO BEGINNING NOVEL WRITERS and others. A suc- cessful novelist and author can take a few more PUPILS to train. References to a successful lady pupil. Advice on, and revision of, MSS.—Address Aleph, —— The conventional mind which cannot be got out of grooves, and must think as it is accustomed, and has been told to think, makes such an advertise- ment as this the occasion for elephantine wit. Now, I do not advise anybody to answer “ Aleph’s” advertisement. ‘“ Aleph ” may be a most judicious coach, or “ Aleph ” may be a most arrant quack—one does not know, The point to remark is this. It has been at last found out, (1) that a good deal may be taught to the aspirant in the Art of Fiction, just as a good deal may be taught to the aspirant in the Art of Painting ; and (2) that money may be made by teaching these elements. Givena really good teacher, the imme- diate result would be a great lessening of the output, because the pupil would be speedily made to understand whether he “had it” in hin or not, and because he would understand the paying for the cost of publication. As for the com- petence of the teacher, that must be proved by success, and as only about one in a hundred candidates can achieve success, it will be a very difficult thing indeed to prove competence. Some months ago there ap- peared in these columns an esti- mate of the pro- portion occupied by purely literary papers compared with others on all other subjects in the magazines. An examination by means of the Review of Re- views which pub- lishes lists of the contents of all the principal maga- zines, yields re- sults of some interest. In the April number there are enume- rated rather over 400 titles of arti- cles. These are taken from the English and American magazines, not including those devoted to special objects in which literary articles could not find a place. There are 400 articles to be provided every month for these open mouths! A great many of these are, as would be expected, by known wr.ters, many are anonymous, many record a single experience, and are written by “outsiders.” In order to find these 400 papers every month, or 4800 every year, isit too much to estimate the number of writers at 10,000? That is to say, there are 10,000 people at this moment in Great Britain and Ire- nae mE eee ae sais  438 land and the States and the Colonies who are able to reach the standard of writing in the magazines. The standard varies, it is true, but the average is pretty high. To this consideration add that men- tioned in last month’s Author of the number of books published during the last five or six years, and it will not seem too much to estimate the number of living writers in English on all sub- jects as 40,000, not counting journalists. Not that these are all dependent on their pen. The vast majority, fortunately, write on professional, scientific, and theological subjects. To these their pen is either a help or perhaps no help at all. As regards the subjects treated in the month of April, there are 50, i.e., one in every eight, devoted to criticism or literary biography. That is a very fair proportion out of all the subjects which occupy man’s mind. There are, for instance, more lawyers than writers, hut how many papers are devoted to them? None at all. There are musicians, artists, preachers—for all of them an article or two. But for literature, fifty articles. The subjects are enumerated below, and some are treated in more than one paper. Thus, there are three on Tennyson and six or seven on Taine, Brooks, Phillips. Moulton, Louise Chandler. Carlyle. Novel, The Historical. Colonna Vittoria. Novelists, Women. Daudet, Alphonse. Pater, Walter. Doyle, Conan. Paton, Sir Noel. Dilke, Lady. Poets, Architecture among Fiction, the Decadence of. the. » EnglishCharactersin Poets, Five English. French. Plato. Fuller, Margaret. Plays, Some. Fairchild Family, The. Podenoskeff, Hazlitt, Reading of the Working Ibsen. Classes. Kemble, Frances. Sand, George. Lamb, Charles. Sappho. Literary London. Shakespeare. & Some Literary Folk ‘Son of the Marshes,” A. in. Spinoza. ny Forgeries. Taine. Marx, Karl. Tennyson. Meredith, George. Wives of well-known men. Milton’s Cottage. Whittier. The death of John Addington Symonds leaves vacant a place in modern literature that it will be difficult to fill up. Crowded as are all the ranks of scholarship and all the avenues to dis- tinction, one knows not any scholar and writer capable of taking his place and carrying on his work. Various and many-sided as he was, he will be remembered—and studied—chiefly for his Renaissance work, the seven volumes of which form his real monument. Other men of the time have written finer verse; other men, perhaps, have written finer essays ; but no English writer THE AUTHOR. is his rival in the rich and previously little explored field of the Renaissance. Those who were privileged to call themselves his friends can bear testimony to the charm of his manner, the kindliness of his heart, and the vivacity of his conversation, That such a man was one of our Society goes without saying. + =—- +. The book of the month is Mr. Dykes Camp- bell’s new edition of Coleridge (Macmillan and Co.). It is not only important as containing a considerable number of poems hitherto unknown and unpublished, but as being enriched by a so-called Introduction, which is, in reality, the most complete biography of Coleridge which has hitherto been written. Although modestly ap- pearing only as an Introduction, it is a great deal longer than, for instance, many of the books in Maecmillan’s Red Series. It is a work, indeed, which ought to be—which must be—issued sepa- rately. To the accumulation of the materials alone necessary for its production, a vast amount of industry and patience must have been bestowed. eae The book is a happy illustration of our con- tention that it is impossible to measure literature by money. Here is a work which will place its author as the greatest authority on Coleridge for the rest of his life; yet it appears only as an Introduction ; it is only part of a cheap series; Again, it represents years of research and reading ; before it could be commenced books had to be accumulated, journeys taken, inquiries prose- cuted. Yet it is absolutely certain that whatever honorarium will come to the author it has, like Panurge’s harvests, been spent long before it was due. And while all this trouble was being taken, a popular novelist would be making thousands. This is not asneer. For why not ? A good novel is good literature as well as a good biography. But literature and its com- mercial value are not commensurate. Let no man hold up his hands in disgust because a good writer in one branch gets half a crown while a good, or evena bad writer in another branch makes a million. The former has his reward and the latter has, in addition, his vogue. But there is no con- nection between the former and the latter; nor is the latter a rival of the former; nor should his success cause the former the least jealousy. Let us never say that such and such a writer gets more or less than he deserves. In Literature there is no such thing as commercial desert. There is commercial value, which represents popular culture, and the demand of the day, but not necessarily the literary value of any work. It seems to me that we cannot too often  THE AUTHOR. 439 repeat this truth. Day after day, in almost every paper, we see the confusion of thought which mixes literary with commercial value, especially in the sham indignation of the paragraphist (whose pro- ductions probably have neither literary nor com- mercial value) at the commercial success of this or that book—this or that magazine—which has somehow attracted the world, and is being read by everybody. What Mr. Dykes Campbell has done for Coleridge, Mr. John Underhill has done for Gay : with the difference that the latter subject is less important, and the poems collected are far less worth preservation. The Life, however, tells us everything that we want to know about Gay— everything there is to tell about him. The notes are useful, and not too long. It must also be observed that the dress and outward appearance of the Gay book are very far superior to those of the Coleridge. The design and the binding are beautiful, and the paper and type are excellent. The publishers — Lawrence and Bullen — are setting an example in beauty and carefulness of binding and designs which is highly to be com- mended, and should produce its effect in the appearance of new books issued by old publishers. ——— The following has been sent to me, taken from I know not where. I wonder if it is an invention, or whether women in Germany, or in any other country, are so credulous :— The publishers of a German novel recently did a neat thing in the way of advertising. They caused to be inserted in most of the newspapers a notice to the effect that a certain nobleman of wealth and high position, desirous of finding a wife, wanted one who resembled the heroine in the novel named. Thereupon every marriageable woman who saw the notice bought the book in order to see what the heroine was like, and the work had an immense sale. In the Notes and News of last month’s Author was a paragraph from the Law Quarterly Review which was reprinted by inadvertence, without the proper acknowledgment. We hasten to acknow- ledge our obligati n. The paragraph was the last on p. 407. The following lines are found in Mr. William Watson’s “ Vita Nuova,” a poem in the Spectator of April 15. The hosts of friends of the poet are all re‘oicing at bis rest ration to health. Lo, I too With yours would mingle somewhat of glad song. I too have come through wintry terrors,—yea, Through tempest and through cataclysm of soul Have come, and am delivered. Me the Spring, Me also, dimly with new life hath touched, And with regenerate hope. the salt, of life. “How far,’ writes C. C., “is it moral and fair for an author to write for any magazine furthering objects in which he is interested under the price which he can elsewhere com- mand? ” The following very bad lines appeared in a journal of 1773, “occasioned,” we are informed, “ by a Gentleman’s lamenting that Want of Candour which unhappily prevails among men of letters” : Authors, like wives, are jealous and il-natured, ‘All faces but their own are strangely featured : Genius and beauty hurt their peace of mind; And thus both live at variance with mankind. We are requested by Mr. H. Anthony Salmoné (21, Furnival-street, E.C.) to state that the story called “The Painter’s Daughter,” referred to in the last number of the Author, did not appear in the Eastern and Western Gazette, but in the Eastern and Western Review, of which he is the editor. Water Besant. ec AUGUSTINE. (From “ Poems Old and New,” by Charles D. Bell, DD., Rector of Cheltenham.) Augustine, Scholar, Father, holy Saint, Walked by the sounding ocean on the shore, Turning in thought grave problems o’er and o’er, To which he gave his soul without restraint, Until it grew with musing sick and faint, And as his baffled heart fell sad and sore, A child he saw that rose-lipped sea-shell bore, And filled it from the sea with motion quaint. Then, taking it when full into his hand, He carried it in happy childish bliss, And emptied it in hole scooped in the sand. “J mean,” he said, “to pour the deep in this,” “Thus,” thought the Saint, “ God, infinite and grand, My finite mind would hold and understand.” —— ee FEUILLETON. sou Tur PEOPLE OF THE PAGEs. HE old bookseller’s shop was in the most crowded part of the most crowded and the noisiest street in the whole of the City. It consisted of an outer and an inner shop. In the outer shop sat the assistant, always making cata- logues. It was also his duty to watch the cus- tomers, for those who buy secondhand books are known to practise tricks; when no one is looking a book may be slipped into a greatcoat pocket ; or a “ wanted” volume may be purloined by substi-  440 tuting another like it in appearance; or a picture may be torn out. Oh! the craft and subtlety of those who haunt the second hand booksellers’ shops are beyond all telling! Every assistant could make an honest man’s hair stand on end only by relating the half of what he knows. Respectable elderly gentlemen even—whisper— Divines—even N-bl-m-n—will come into a shop, and with the most inn: cent look »n the world ‘ and presently you find your shop ruined, The bookseller himself sat in the smaller shop behind; the window looked out on a cheerful churchyard planted with limes; books covered the walls and the table. The bookseller sat all day long, working among his books; he called it working, but it was mostly reading. He read everything. No one knew more than this omnivorous old reader about the in-ides of books, On the shelves in his own room stood the authors which he loved ; he could not bear them to be in the other shop—that did very well for the small fry, but the great writers— the leaders—he must have them under his own eye. He hardly ever went outside his shop, except, sometimes, to call upon some other brother of the craft to see how his business was conducted. He wore an old frock coat, shiny and seamy, which had now assumed the figure of the old man, following the curves of him as he sat in his armchair. A clock ticked on the mantelshelf, standing among a heap of books. There was a bust of Shakespeare on a pile of books, and over the clock was a portrait of Carlyle. Outside, the waggons rumbled, the carts and the cabs clattered past, the people talked; there was always the roll and the roar of the City. But none of it came into the shop; the sunshine—for it had a southern aspect—lay on it whenever there was any sun, and the motes danced in the sunshine; but there was never any noise. Neither the bookseller nor his assistant spoke much to each other; and when any customers came they spoke in a whisper. Why? Idonot know. But if you were to go into that shop you would instinctively close the door very softly behind you, and take off your hat, and, catching a glimpse of the grey-headed old man in the room behind, you would whisper your wants to the assistant. If it was quiet here in the daytime, it was still more quiet in the evening after the shop was closed. Then the old man sat alone, secure of interruption. After supper he came back to his chair, having a pipe and a glass of something wrong with wat r, and here he sat, a book before 7 till midnight. when he got up and went to ed. Now he had done this every night, Sunday in- cluded, for thirty years. He desired nothing THE AUTHOR. better than to spend his evenings in this fashion. Nobody ever invited him to spend an evening in any other way; for a bookish man is rarely a clubable man He had done this, I say, every night for thirty years at least. Supper at nine, after the shop was shut; a pipe and the cup of wickedness among his books till twelve ; and then to bed. Anda very good way, too, of spending the evening ! One evening, however, contrary to his usual custom of feeling sleepy at midnight and going to bed at that hour, the old man found himself quite wakeful and even restless. He laid down his book, wondering what had happened to him— men at seventy-five do not like anything unusual because Well — everybody knows why. So he sat up and waited. Presently he grew so restless that he was fain to get up and pace the little room. But he only became more wakeful every moment. The intense silence of the hour, instead of soothing him, made him more restless still, until his restlessness became anxiety, and anxiety became a kind of terror. Words of dead writers called to him from his own brain, but aloud. Snatches of verse were quoted aloud by his own brain. ‘“ My days among the dead are past. . . . . My thoughts are with the dead. With them I live in long past years. ; My hopes are with the dead, anon my place with them will be;” and so on. The library steps were standing against the shelves. Mechanically he mounted them and took down a book at random. Then he sat down on the top step and began mechanically to read. It was the “Seven Champions of Christendom.” I do not know how long he continued to read —say an hour or two hours. It mattered nothing, because he read on and on without think- iny or noting or remembering the words. After a while he lifted his head. What had happened ? The room, with all its shelves, books, pamphlets, papers, everything, had vanished. He himself was sitting under the shade of a tree in a vast garden, with lawns, riding grounds, flowers, sundialy, streams, fountains, swans, doves, and peacocks. On the grass were walking about crowds of people: He knew everyone; they nodded and smiled when he looked up. Oh! it was wonderful. There were knights—George, Denys, James, Amadis, Paladin, Lancelot, Galahad, and all of them in splendid armour; and there were kings and heroes, Arthur, Karl, Frederick, also in gilt armour, with crowns of gold. There were fair ladies—queens and princesses—in robes of silk and white samite, mystic, wonderful ; and besides all these there were plenty of people not so beautifully dressed, but much happier to look at. Why, there was Mr. Pickwick laughing and ' f 7 ¥e  THE AUTHOR. 441 talking to Colonel Newcome; and Tess of the Durbervilles was conversing on an equal footing with Clarissa Harlowe, and they were both gay and merry, though so unfortunate ; and Sam Weller was taking a pot of half-and-half with the Soldiers Three. The old gentleman rubbed his eyes; his brain reeled; he thought he must be dreaming. Yet there were all the people, and there was the garden—and—and— “Where am I?” he asked aloud, ‘‘ And what are you all doing here? ” One of them—a lady—stepped forward. Who was it? Ah! he recognised the speaker. It was none other than Diana Vernon. “ir,” she said, courteously, ‘‘ know that life is dull on those shelves of yours. We want society. If we areread, that satisfies all our wants. The most desirable form of society is to be read often. We cannot, in fact, be read too much. We confess that we are greedy of admiration. We only live for praise. You must confess, how- ever, that you give us very little of that kind of society. We therefore sometimes adjourn to this garden, this ancient medieval garden, the Jardin de Déduit, after you have gone to bed, in order to dissipate the ennuis of loneliness and neglect.” The looker-on was a kindly man, but he had his little limitations. He was, after all, only a second-hand bookseller; he understood none of the natural longings, either of gentlefolk or the others for intercourse and conversation. Henever wanted any society, why should they? Besides and here a horrid and an unworthy suspicion crossed his mind—they were his property—his own. They belonged to his shelves. What busi- ness had they to run away? Why, they might never return; they might be kidnapped; he might lose them all. He jumped up. ‘Come back, all of you,” he cried roughly, “ Come back, I say, every man— come back to your own books. And at once. How dare you leave my shelves r” Instantly the garden vanished; the room reappeared with all the shelves, and the books in their bindings upon the shelves. And the figures he had seen in the garden were now climbing, scampering, hurrying, rushing back, head over heels, trampling on each other, to their own places — kings and knights and_ lords and ladies, in confusion and undignified scramble. Who would have though that Rowena—the stately Rowena—could climb the bookshelves in such unseemly haste ? “Stop! he cried again, wringing his hands, “Stop! for Heaven’s sake stop! You are all getting into the wrong books! Stop! Stop! 1 say.” vou. III. But it was too late. They had all scurried back again somewhere or other, all safely hid within some binding, right or wrong. Then the silence of mid-night fell upon him again. Nothing left, not a single solitary figure; all gone back again, and all to the wrong books. And once more the words arose in his brain ‘‘My days among the dead are past—my thoughts are with the deac a When the clock struck seven he found himself in his armchair. Apparently he had been asleep all night in his back shop, and that morning he sat upright without reading, but gazed about him with troubled brain and anxious eyes. In the afternoon one of his oldest customers called. “I have thought over,” he said, “ what we were talking about the other day—that first edition of the Pickwick Papers, you know. It is a stiffish price, but I have made up my mind to give it.” The bookseller shook his head. ‘I am afraid,” he whispered, “that I can’t sell it. Yesterday it was a flawless copy. Now, I fear, you'd find it all gone wrong.” «How can it be wrong? ”’ “The characters are mixed up. In all these shelves they are hopelessly mixed. Sir, I am a ruined bookseller. My reputation is ruined. Last night I saw King Arthur, St. George, and St. Denys, and Peregrine Pickle, and Barry Lyndon, and Mr. Barlow, and Mrs. Keith with her child, and the Daughter of Heth, and Elsie Venner, and Roxana, and Rebecca, all rushing into the Pickwick Papers together. What became of the proper set of people I don’t know. But I fear that Mr. Pickwick has got into Sir Charles Grandison, and Alfred Jingle, 1 know, has run into the Heir of Redclyffe. I am afraid to look into any of the books. Oh! it’s a terrible disaster.” “[ don’t understand one word. But you look disturbed.” The bookseller sat down and groaned. He sold no more books. He said he could not, as a Christian man, sell books with the characters mixed up in such confusion. No one could tell how they would act. Things quite terrible might happen. There they were together, with no one to control them. Oh! it would be a fraud on his customers. Therefore he sat up every night, waiting for them to come down again. He thought that if he could meet them all together again in the garden he might repre- sent, gently, the confusion caused by their panic, and for their own good persuade them to return each to his own book: Strange to say, he has never seen that garden since. 1 think he must have frightened the people of his books. That harsh voice—that MM  442 threatening command—was more than they could bear. We must remember that all their lives had been spent in an atmosphere of pride and kind- liness and affection and praise. This arbitrary language was too much for them, But nobody ever explained to the bookseller that he had brought everything on himself, Marcaret GAnuertt, aes GOODBYE TO APRIL. Goodbye, sweet Mistress, and then shed a tear, Thy tear, good sooth, unto a smile is nigh ; For it distilleth from a laughing eye. I shall not weep, my maid, tho’ time be near To leave thee; yea, for tho’ thy love be dear, Light laughter trips behind thy softest sigh. I doff my bonnet ; “ Moppet, go!” I cry; “For, lo! my new love standeth laughing here.” Goodbye, fair April; can I mourn thy fall Now May is mine? in parting, say, what pain Since thy best blooms must deck her festival ? Nay, weep thy last, sweetheart; for of the twain The fairer she ; perchance, when she and all The rest are gone, I’ll sue to thee again. Lewis Brockman. eee PSYCHOLOGICAL SENTIMENTS, 1. There need be no more mystery in evil than in gravity. 2. The ideal man has sufficient self-reliance, self-respect, self-restraint. 3. When the body is bad, the mind is mad. 4. The manliest and the womanliest never lose their temper. 5. Heat of temper is too easily mistaken for warmth of heart. 6. Obstinacy and pliability are both phases of similar weakness. 7. The highest animals can suffer most, and will endure best. 8. Anger differs from fear, in phase rather than principle. g. Memory is a clear consciousness of the presence of the past. 10. The senile mind loves to live in the past. 11. The virile soul lives and loves in the present. 12. The hopeful live in the future, the helpful live in the present. 13. The insanity of jealousy may be cured by the imbecility of indifference. 14. The sane feel and see truth, the strong will it, the virile work it out. THE AUTHOR. 15. Genius and madness have one principle in common—uncommonness, 16. The main difference between liberty and licence is selfishness. 17. Reliability is far rarer than responsibility, 18, The sane soul is strong, sure, sympathetic, 19. Genius seems often odd, but is never mad. 20 Man persistently demarcates, while nature perpetually differentiates. 21. The mind of man daily dies and lives again. 22. In dreams lies insanity ; in dreamlessness, imbecility, 23. The unconscious humorist is a mystical personage. 24. Next to wisdom, humour is essential to just judgment. 25. A bad man makes a bad judge, for virtue is the soul of wisdom. 26. Self conceit readily does duty for self- respect. : 27. Jealousy is a phase of vanity, where the animal defeats the angel. 28. Nobility lies in silent suffering ; rises in soundly working, 29. Ignobility and immaturity feel least and endure worst. 30. Divorced from opportunity, capacity is childless. 31. That phase of head called “heart” makes the best part of all art. 32. Science saves shells; sympathy saves souls, PHINLAY GLENELG. — ae REMINISCENCES OF TAINE. HE biographical notices of M. Taine, which ‘Ty allude to his resentment against M. Edmond Scherer, the celebrated writer, and at one time his dear friend, on account of some severe criticisms on “Les Origines de la France Contemporaine,” reminds me of an inci- dent I witnessed illustrative of this assertion. In 1878 it was my good fortune to pass some months in Paris, on a visit to my old friend Madame Mohl, once so famous for her salon. Taine’s “ Revolution ”—the 2nd volume of “Les Origines ”—had just appeared, the 1st volume on “PAncien Régime” having previously been severely handled in the Temps—M. Scherer’s paper—though greatly praised in others. Reading them on the spot made both works doubly inte- resting, and, to give me a rare treat, Madame Mohl offered to make me acquainted with their renowned author. She was then about eighty- t  a a THE AUTHOR. 443 eight, but singularly fresh, and keen to all her lifelong interests, showing her salon talent in a thousand subtle ways. Moreover, the numberless literary and scientific men who had been devoted to her and M. Mohl for half a century and upwards, gladly responded to her invitations. Hence, whenever she chose, they came, to large or small dinners, all through that summer, and her fortunate visitors thus saw noted celebrities in intimacy, and, usually, at their best. But, beside her patriarchal age, grief for her husband, who died soon after the Franco-Prussian war, occa- sionally dimmed her memory as to recent events. On the day in question, M. and Madame Taine promised to come and dine, “en tout petit comité.” A young Englishman was also invited ; and then, mindful of the old friendship, Madame Mohl like- wise asked M. Scherer. To none, however, did she mention the other guests, though, from the excited party feelings of France, she had almost invariably made a rule of so doing. The Taines arrived first, on foot, coming from the Rue Cas- sette hard by, where he has now died, and I well remember the overshoes, cloaks, and mufflers deposited, Carlyle-like, in the small hall. M. Taine was a tall, bulky man, dogmatic, and evidently aware of his own importance. Next came the young Englishman, who ruffled Madame Mohl by wearing his morning coat, probably sup- posing he would meet no one but us two ladies. Tt was one of her most “ fixed ideas” that, ‘“ even if a man had to live on herrings, he should possess a tail-coat, and never appear in the presence of ladies otherwise dressed of an evening.” It had been the rule at Madame Récamier’s, her oldest friend, and she often expatiated on the advantages to young men of keeping to these habits, and thus frequenting the society of ladies—a word she understood in the strict, old-fashioned sense. She had not recovered her annoyance when M. Scherer appeared—the exact opposite of M. Taine, slight, of medium height, quiet, and unassertive. I thought it strange these “old friends” did not seem to recognise each other, but Madame Mohl’s face at once fixed my gaze. Like a flash she had recol- lected the recent enmity, realised the situation, and somehow communicated it to me. What could be done? Positively nothing. It was irremediable. Our “petit diner” can easily be imagined. The number was too small for anything but general conversation, therefore here were the two antagonists face to face, we ladies alone acting as a sort of buffers, for the young Englishman spoke little, and that badly. Indeed, poor Madame Mohl did not count either, for her presence of mind completely forsook her, and she could scarcely utter a word. It certainly was a dreadful predica- ment—to have thus planted two enemies opposite each other at what was intended to have been such a hospitable board, and to have them so con- fronted for many hours. Most certainly in olden days she was the last person who could have com- mitted such a mistake, or, had it occurred, she would quickly have risen to the occasion. M. Scherer seemed at once to understand this, and to be willing to help her. But, after all, he was the offender—the caustic author of the reviews. M. Taine sulked, talked “away from” M. Scherer, and, finally, neither looked at the other. However, Frenchmen cannot be silent long, and by degrees, without becoming disputatious, a certain amount of interesting talk went on, though languidly, nevertheless, from the awkward- ness of the position, which we all felt acutely. Nothing of it remains on my mind, save a never- ceasing refrain on “les nouvelles couches sociales,” that M. Taine then had more or less “on the brain,” and frequently brought forward, as if throwing down a gauntlet to his adversary, though the latter prudently did not take it up, pretending not to see it. Never cau I forget our relief when M. Scherer beat his retreat early, pleading the necessity of catching a train to Versailles, where he then resided, leaving us to enjoy the historian’s con- versation, which instantly rose to the brillant level of his reputation. But the “incident” had not ended, for when the overshoes, cloaks, and. mufflers were resumed, M. Taine’s hat could no- where be found. Another was there, it is true, but not his. At last, rushing back to the sitting- room, he angrily and most contemptuously ex- claimed, “ Ce monsieur has taken it, and left his own worn out old one in its stead! It could not have been in mistake. No! no!” And nothing would pacify him. No! not even when poor M. Scherer returned the “ stolen goods”’ next morn- ing, explaining how, in the hurry for his train and the dark, he had run off with the wrong hat. In one sense it proved a happy mistake, as it brought a comic element to the drama, and made us moralise on the susceptibilities of great and learned minds. They are now all gone to their long home, but the memory of the “rencontre” still lingers behind them. WINIFREDE M. WYSE. ee  444 LIBRARIES—NEW AND OLD. HE Encyclopedia Britannica gives a list of TT all the public libraries in Great Britain and Ireland up to the year when the article ‘“TLibraries”: appearea. Mr. Thomas Greenwood’s book on Public Libraries (Cassell : 1891) gives a list of all the libraries which have been opened under the Acts provided. Some have been added since that book appeared. These lists, considered with reference to the demand for good literature, will be found rather surprising. The Encyclopedia gives a total of 402 libraries in the three kingdoms. Of these some are college libraries, e.g., most of the colleges at Oxford and Cambridge have their own libraries, which may be neglected ; there are libraries—they are not generally growing collec- tions—at all the medical, legal, and theological institutions. Some are cathedral libraries which seem to have stopped growing for 200 years at least. Some are technical libraries, as that of the telegraph engineers, Since the Encyclopedia article appeared there are shown in Mr. Greenwood’s book to be 1 52 new libraries under the Act up to 1891. It is not unreasonable to suppose that there are now 50 more started, and the number is increasing every year. There are therefore 604 libraries, including the technical, special, and dead libraries, in this country. But there is another consideration. Many of these libraries have affiliated to them branches. Thus Leeds is entered in the list as having one library ; but there are 33 branches. At Notting- ham there are 8; at Birmingham 6. Taking all the libraries together there are altogether 118 branches, so that the total number of libraries at the present moment is 722, or deduct- ing the dead libraries and the technical libraries —say, 150—there remain 572 public libraries of books which are called general literature, new and old. There are, again, the school libraries, many of them large and growing collections ; Polytechnic libraries, also large and growing ; village libraries, generally small and too often controlled by the clergy; and there are the small collections found on board steamers, Still more remarkable are the returns from Australia and New Zealand. In the colony of Victoria alone there is one public library for every 4800 of population as against one in every 277,000 in the United Kingdom. Thus there are— In Victoria 314 public libraries, athenzeums, and mechanics’ institutes; in South Australia, THE AUTHOR. 135; in New South Wales, 150; in New Zealand, 303; in Tasmania, 33; in South Africa, 64. In India there appear to be about six public libraries. In Canada there are six large public libraries, one with five branches, and a great number of small collections. That is, there are 1o11 public libraries in our colonies, without counting the small collections. But, if we include, as we must, the libraries of the United States of America, we must add 1686 to our list. These libraries, deductions made as estimated above, are all growing, and all increasing their col- lections by yearly subsidies or rates. They are also yearly increasing in number, and in the number of their branches, and in activity. If, as seems probable, we shall before long equal Victoria in our proportion of libraries to population, or even if we get no nearer than to have one library for every 10,000 people, there will be 3700 libraries in Great Britain and Ireland alone. To repeat, at the present moment there are in this country 722 libraries; in the colonies, IOII; or 1733 libraries in the British Empire. Taking in all the English-speaking countries, we have 3419 libraries, and the number is yearly and rapidly increasing. I said, speaking five or six years ago, that in fifty years’ time a popular edition in the English language would have such an audience as no writer in the world has ever before been able to command. A good deal of derision was poured upon this statement, which I have since repeated at every possible opportunity. The chief reasons of this derision are (1) the total ignorance in which many people live as to the extent—the vast extent—of the English-speaking race; (2) their inability to understand that London—the club end of London—is not the Empire, nor does it cover the whole area of the English-speaking race ; and (3) the mystery which has been kept up by interested persons as to the extent and nature of literary property. That extension of popularity which I predieted would come in fifty years has actually come upon us. If there exists at this moment a single man whose works are wanted by all the English-speaking people, there are more than 3400 libraries, all of whom will take his books, and many of them will take his books by the dozen. But it will be said, these are all novels. Not so. The following one day’s list is given by Mr. Greenwood—* Public Libraries,” p. 307 :— Taking the books somewhat in the order in which they are classified in the library, we find that in the department of philosophy, Spencer’s “ First Principles ” had been asked for three times on that particular day, while the same  THE AUTHOR. 445 author’s “Ecclesiastical Institutions” had been consulted twice, and Aristotle’s “Moral Philosophy,” Spinoza’s Works, Martineau’s “Types of Ethical Theory,” and Lenormant’s “ Chaldean Magic ” were given out to students once. In religion, the only book consulted was Sayce’s “ Fresh Lights from the Ancient Monuments,” but this perhaps should be classed with Keighley’s “ Mythology of Ancient Greece’’ as antiquities. In politics and sociology, the books consulted were very varied. Sir C. Dilke’s ‘Present Position of European Politics” and the second volume of the same author’s “Problems of Greater Britain” were applied for, as well as Blount’s “‘ Ancient Tenures of Land,” Birkbeck’s “ Distribu- tion of Land in England,’ Smith’s “ Wealth of Nations,” and “ Five Years’ Penal Servitude, by one who endured it.” Books treating on languages, and educational works, were also sought after, as the following list will show—Craik’s “Manual of the English Language,” Hewitt’s “ Our Mother Tongue,’ Smith’s “French Principia,” Cassell’s ‘“ New Popular Educator ”’ (vol. 3), Colenso’s “ Arithmetic,” Tod- hunter’s “ Elements of Euclid” (twice), Pitman’s ‘‘ Manual of Phonography,”’ and Kingston’s “ Phonography in the Office.” The scientific works perused included Ganot’s “ Physics,” Quain’s “ Dictionary of Medicine,” Flower’s ‘‘ Nerves of the Human Body,’ Hospitalier’s “ Electricity,’ Urbanitzky’s “ Blectricity,”’ and “ Domestic Electricity for Amateurs.” The books dealing with useful arts consulted, were “ Notes on Building Construction ” (3 vols.), Tredgold’s “ Carpentry,” Barter’s “ Engineers’ Sketch Book,’ lLeno’s “ Boot and Shoemaking,” Cassell’s “Household Guide,” ‘‘ Amateur Work ” (2 vols.), and a volume of Cassell’s “ Work.” Only three art books were asked for on the day, these being Ruskin’s “ Stones of Venice,” Perrot and Chipiez’s “ Art in Ancient Egypt,” and Bishop’s “ Architecture of Greece and Italy.” The list of books consulted in the department of history and literature is somewhat longer, and contains Burke's Essays, “ Carlyle’s “ Critical Essays,” Adams’ “ Dictionary of English Literature,” Goethe and Schiller’s “ Correspon- dence” (2 vols.), Mrs. Browning’s Poems, Thomson’s (B.Y.) Poems (selections), Carlyle’s “ French Revolution ”’ (vol. 3), Lecky’s “ England” (vols. 7 and 8), Allen’s “ Battles of the British Navy,” Russell’s ‘“ Franco-German War.” In biography, Carlyle’s “‘ Oliver Cromwell’s Letters and Speeches,” Froude’s “Carlyle in London,” and Molloy’s “Peg Woffington”’ were needed. In travels, Caine’s ‘ Trip Round the World” and Baker’s Rifle and Hound in Ceylon” were the only two books asked for. In topography, Rye’s “History of Norfolk,” Philip’s “ Cyclist’s Map of Essex,” Cape’s “ Churches of London,’ Dickens’s “Dictionary of Paris,’ the Rev. R. H. Davies’ “ Chelsea Old Church,” and G. C. Davies, “ Norfolk Broads ” were sought after. In addition to the above fifty-eight works, the following were also consulted :—‘‘ Encyclopedia Britannica ” (vol. 24), “Portnightly Review” (2 vols.), Nineteenth Century ” (2 vols.), ‘“ The Argosy” (2 vols.), Thackeray's “ Paris Sketch Book,” Barham’s “ Ingoldsby Legends,” Jackson’s “ History of the “Pictorial Press,” Reade’s ‘“ Literary Success,” Horwitz’s “Chess Studies,” and Blakston’s “ Tlustrated Book of the Canary.” I have elsewhere stated as my opinion that people—the mass of the people—those whom we regard as having no taste and no cultiva- tion, will always prefer good literature to bad. This opinion has also been derided, because it is not the conventional position. I have formed this opinion, however, not by taking other people’s opinions, but from observation, as close as possible, of the books asked for and read at a public library. The people will not read trash. If they ask for fiction it is good fiction—Marryatt, Scott, Dickens can hardly be called trash. They prefer fiction that has a good strong story, and for the sake of a good strong story they will not inquire too curiously into style. Still the fact remains that their favourites are for the most part the favourites of the more cultured class. But consider in the above list the books that are not fiction. Is there one bad book—one rubbishy book—one book that can be called “‘ trash” in the whole list? And if such a list is an average and a representative one, what are we to conclude, except that the demand of the people—the common people—for literature shows an eminently satisfactory standard ? Another point presents itself in this connection : that of the “risk” of which we hear so much. It is quite certain that every good book on every subject must find its way, sooner or later, to these libraries. The list which we have quoted shows this. Itisa list taken on a day chosen at hap- hazard in Chelsea Library. Every good book on every conceivable subject, except, perhaps, the higher mathematics and certain technical books, must find its way to these libraries. Every novel good enough to go into a cheap edition ; every poet who has made his voice heard and felt; every historian of any note; every biographer who has a life of interest to relate; every scientific man who can treat his science adequately ; writers on the medicines, art, physics, political and social economy, archeology, languages, education, every- thing. One branch is conspicuous for its absence from the list. It is the branch of criticism. The people do not care for critics. I think that the field open to the critics will always be small, because it is essentially occupied by men of the higher education only. Their work will also be ephemeral, because the subjects treated are necessarily themselves for the most part ephemeral. Therefore, while one does not expect critics to decrease in numbers, they will not very largely increase in popularity. Meantime, the main point is, that every good book can now command a circulation which ought, practically, to prohibit the danger of loss. Given the good book, there should be no risk. Given the readers able to distinguish a good book, there is a certain market open. And it would seem from the above, that the good reader is not so hard to find as the good — 2  446 AN AUTHOR'S EXPERIENCES. E have received from one of our members, copies of all the correspondence that has passed between himself and his pub- lishers throughout some half-a-dozen or more publishing transactions. The papers have been sent by him to the Society in no complaining spirit, but in response to our standing invitation to our members to supply us with information derived from their own experiences. The more such information that we receive the more practically useful we are able to be. If we learn new things from any cases sent for our-considera- tion, our gain, as a Society—one of whose chief aims has always been “to learn the facts ”—is clear; but, if all the points of importance should be perfectly familiar to us—and we are proud to be able to say that this is becoming every day a more usual occurrence—it still strengthens our hand to have a multiplicity of evidence to the correctness of our statements and inferences. May we again impress on our readers that they will greatly oblige our executive officers, and greatly help to render the Society more useful to others and themselves, if they will take us as fully as possible into their confidence concerning their publishing transactions ? We propose to briefly narrate this author's experiences, as they are revealed in his communi- cation and his publishers’ letters, and to briefly comment upon them for the instruction of any Moe may happen to be in a similar position to im. (1) In the first place the publishers sent him an ink-sketch, and asked him to do them a small book, with the drawing as a text. They had some small experience of his work, and were not quite in the dark when they offered him £2 2s. for the MS. and £5 5s. if it was published. He accepted the offer and wrote the book, and the result from the pecuniary point of view should have been satis- factory to him to this extent, that he received at one time and another £14 14s., or exactly double the sum to which he was legally entitled. The aggregate of £14 14s. was made up in this way :— ommission, £2 2s,; cheques on account, respectively, for £3 3s., £3 38., £5 58., and £1 1s, There was no formal agreement, further than what was implied in the letters making and accepting the offer of £7 7s., and the terms of this implied contract were, as we see, and much to the author’s benefit, not kept. This was unbusinesslike, but perusal of the letters accom- panying the varions cheques on account reveals the curious fact that the publishers, who had THE AUTHOR. offered him commission, believed themselves to be issuing the book on the half-profit system, “Should there be any more little profit,” their manager writes to him, “TI shall, as before, gladly send you half.” And in another letter he says, “On ‘ *Isend you £2, and on ‘ ” there is up to date a final profit of £y, and of this, as before, I am glad to send you half.” * On the transaction we have nothing to say that is not complimentary to the publishers, who clearly performed a work of supererogation in trans- mitting the last £7 7s. to their client ; while, if the original commission was a small one, it was properly made, before that work was undertaken, and the author need not have accepted it. But the matter shows the attitude of both author and ‘ publisher towards a piece of literary property to be very comic, although the sums concerned are so small that the comicality of their casual behaviour hardly appears with proper distinctness. (2) The next transaction was a small book, written at the same publishers’ request, containing about 30,000 words. For this the author re. ceived £5 5s. some few months after publication, because the publishers did “ not like him to go any longer without any remuneration ” (their own way of putting it), and rather less than a year later an intimation was received by the author. that the sales had closed. It does not exactly appear that the author knew what sum he was going to receive, and the publishers’ words almost imply that they had no very clear idea what they had intended to give. It turned out to be, as we have said, £5 5s. This can never be good pay— can, indeed, never be anything but very bad pay— for a MS. of 30,000 words, and it seems to us that the author might have thought twice about undertaking the work, if he had known exactly how little he was going to get out of it. That he knew he was going to be paid a sum for the task is certain, but the sum does not appear from the letters ever to have been mentioned. And he might have reasonably expected more, relying first ‘upon the precedent of having previously received £14 148. for a book of the same size, and, second, upon such hopeful words as these which we extract from the publishers’ letters. “I think ” will move well, in fact that series is established in favour at the present; ” and again, in the same week, “ Up to a certain point they * These references in the publishers’ letters to some publication on the half-profit system may have reference not to this book but to one we speak of later [vide infra paragraph (3)]. In that case, being unable to explain the generosity of the publishers by the theory that they had forgotten that their own terms were “ commission,” and believed themselves to have published on the half-profit system, we frankly own that the matter is too hard for us,  THE AUTHOR. 447 (the books of the series, that is,) will pay their way simply because they come in this series.” Here again this treatment of a piece of literary property by its owner is very comical, and would appear to all men as very comical if applied to any more tangible form of goods. The author simply transferred his book to the publishers to issue it on what terms they chose, and pay for it in the same irresponsible manner. Incidentally we learn, also, that the publishers’ risk in the matter is slender, as they can count upon a certain minimum sale. That this is usually the case is so obvious that we should not mention it, were it not that denial of the fact constitutes the chief argument in favour of the theory that the publishers’ business is nothing if not wildly speculative. (3) The author’s next venture, also, was under- taken without any definite agreement. His own words are, “I made no arrangements with the publishers, because they published on their own account.” The publishers’ explicit expressions with regard to their idea of the arrange- ment are as follows: ‘As the sale of ‘- : seems practically to have ceased for the present, I have thought it better to make up the account for the copies that may fairly be taken as sold up to date, and I am glad to find that there is a balance on the right side, the exact amount of profit being £9 2s. 6d. As this book was not undertaken for us in any way as a commission, we had better send you one-half this amount. So we accordingly inclose a cheque for £4 11s. 3d.” No compulsion in this matter, be it observed. They had “better send it” for con- science sake, or in equity—but there is no contract and the words would imply no legal obligation to send anything. Two further cheques arrived in the course of a twelve-month, for £2 5s. and £3 1s. 3d. respectively, the latter cheque being described as half the “up to date profit,’ and being arrived at by deducting the sum of £1 18s. from £4 19s. 3d., the admitted half share (to which little subtraction sum we shall have reason to refer later). This transaction is one that calls for most uncomplimentary observation, so that it is neces- sary to point out again that the author has communicated with us with no animus whatever, and that we do not for a moment believe, or in the least insinuate, that he has not received fair treatment. Our strictures are simply dictated by our knowledge that such loose methods of dealing with literary property as this case exhibits, have been and are the cause of all the serious troubles between author and publisher. First, why was the book published without some mutual arrangement as to the system under which it was to be published ? There can be no satisfactory answer to this question; but to reduce the position to its patent absurdity, we will fall back on the illustration with which readers of The Author must be familiar. If the author possessed a house, would he allow some- one else to occupy it, without inquiring if that person was going to buy it, or take it on a lease, or rent it only fora short term. More; would he not, having made certain of the system under which someone else was going to enjoy his pro- perty, ascertain exactly the price that he was to receive as owner of the property, be it for purchase of the freehold, for purchase of the lease, or as an annual consideration? Would he not be con- sidered culpably careless if he neglected such obvious procedure? Second, let us suppose that the author had gone through the form of saying “ Before I transfer my property, I should like to know what consideration I am going to obtain,” and that the publishers had suggested, in answer to his queries, that the book should be issued on the half-profit system, instead of assuming, as they did in this case, that whatever sum good enough for them was good enough for the author ; supposing all this, there would still remain the fact that every objection that can be urged against the highly objectionable half-profit system in general, can be urged against the particular method in which this book was published. The agreement consists of the publishers’ words “we had better send you one half,” not “we owe one half, and so we send it.” How can the author know that he has received his share, in consideration for which he has never contracted to hand over his book? What did the book cost to produce? How many copies were printed? How many were bound ? How many were sold? How many remain on sale or return? How much did the ad- vertisements cost? Until the author knows —knows by the demonstration of vouchers, not by the assertion of an interested party—all these things, he cannot know that he has received his share, for which, as we must again repeat, he has never offered to hand over his book. It is, we know, often very difficult for an author to under- stand these business details, and it is because there are some few legitimate and many illegitimate objections, from the publisher’s point of view, to making them clear to him, that the half-profit system stands revealed as a bad one, well meriting the disuse into which it has fallen. Hither it leaves in the hands of one partner the power to cheat the other without reserve and without fear of detection, or it compels the other to double the part of author and publisher, that he may know that he has not been cheated. What tittle SS  448 of proof has the author had, in the transaction that we are considering, that the net profits were double, exactly double, and no more than double, the sum that he has received ? None, of course ; and there is the fault of the system. But when the system is thrust upon the author, without his being invited to say whether he likes it or no, his self-constituted partners should be very careful to furnish every proof of their probity. (4) Then came a little plunge into verse. It was a very little plunge, and was taken upon “ the profit and loss system,’ defined as follows by the publishers, in a letter :—‘‘ Have you enough faith in it (your work) to go equal shares, whether profit or loss? If so, we will with pleasure do the same,” say they. And they inform him that the total risk of loss will be limited to £5—£2 ros. his, and £2 10s. theirs. Incidentally we learn that the resulting loss was £3 16s.—£1 18s. each, because, in sending a cheque for the last and final half of the profit of the book alluded to in paragraph (3), £1 18s. is deducted from it, for loss on the production of the verse. Here, again, though the affair isa very small matter, we are bound to make severe observations upon it. The publisher who writes for the firm says: “So far as my experience goes, I think it extremely pro- bable that there will be a loss upon the verses, but I think they ought to appear in print, irre- spective of pecuniary considerations.” That is very handsome indeed. The publisher seems to have known that he was going to lose his money, yet he advises that the issue shall take place. It is not usual for business men, for publishers any more than for others, to voluntarily enter upon a transaction, believing that it will entail loss; so that the necessity under which the publisher lies of proving that he has lost his money is urgent, not only because his partner ought to be as well informed as himself of the right to deduct that £1 18s., but because the publisher’s position requires explanation before it can be understood upon ordinary commercial principles. That explanation should take the following form :— (a) He must show exactly how much he expended upon production and advertisement. (6) He must show exactly how many copies he has sold, arrived at by deducting the number of copies in stock from the number originally printed. (c) . If any copies are out on sale or return, or have been given away for review purposes, he must mention the exact number, if he wishes to be exempted from paying upon them. (d)-It would strengthen his position if he could show that he expected to make a large profit on his outlay, if he made anything at all; for there would be a good commercial reason for his behaviour. He would then become evident as having gone into THE AUTHOR. the matter as a little “ flutter,” risking his 50s. and expecting to lose it, but seeing his way to make fifty pounds—say—if he pulled off a twenty-to-one chance. This point should be made clear by consideration of the cost of production in relation to the number of copies printed and their sellin price; but, so far from being made clear, the publisher’s account shrouds the affair in mystery. There are 250 copies only mentioned as having been composed, worked, pressed, stitched, and advertised, at a cost of £3 13s. 6d.; the selling price is put down as 14d., and the loss, sales being very scanty, at £3 10s. gd. So that we have this position under the publisher’s state- ment: If the whole edition printed (less seventeen copies stated in the account to have been sent to author and reviews) had sold, it would only haye realised £1 os. g3d. That is to say—the best possible result for author and publisher, supposing the cost of production to have been really £3 138. 6d., would be a joint loss of £2 12s. 81d.— the cost of production less the result of a complete sale. Can these figures be right? If so, we find a business man investing £1 16s. gd. (and ex- pressing his belief that he will lose it), on the chance of only losing £1 6s. 44d., and with no possible chance of gaining anything whatever! The author might do this, for he might consider the sight of his verses in print a fair equivalent for his outlay, but what is the publisher doing in such a galley? It is incumbent upon the publisher to show that £3 13s. 6d was spent upon producing the verses, and not some much less sum. For consider the intolerable position in which his firm is placed, if it should be suggested that the production only cost them £1, while they have received £1 18s. as their share of the joint loss. Also, how can £1 18s. be due to them? Their own figures give £3 10s. gd. as the loss, and the half of this is £1 15s. 43d. We must repeat that the account is very mysterious. The rest of the author’s transactions with these publishers call for no further comment. They were all commission work, aud the pay, if small, seems to have been fairly offered beforehand ‘on the “ take it or leave it” principle, and the author elected to take it. The next and last of his experiences has also points worthy of consideration. (5}. A new publisher accepted the author’s MS., offering him at once a royalty of 2d. in the shilling «n all copies sold,* which, under the circumstances, was by no means a bad offer. It * That is to say of a royalty of a little over 16 per cent. For the real meaning of these terms vide— The Methods of Publishing,” 2nd edit., p 60, and The Author, vol. IL., p. 162.  THE AUTHOR. 449 was qualified immediately afterwards, however, to enable the publisher, at less risk to himself, to “try an experiment with the book and illustrate it with silhouettes. ‘ What I propose,” he says, ‘is that I should about pay myself for the production ot these, before I pay you your commission. If you agree therefore that I should have a sale of 3000 before paying anything to you I shall be quite satisfied.” Two things will strike everyone at once: First, that as it was the pub- lisher’s “ experiment,” and was made presumably from the rational point of view of increasing the chances of sale, the publisher should have taken the risk of its failure, and not the author: Second, that no proof is given of the j ustice of selling 3000 copies commission free. Why 3000? Why not 30,000F Why not 3007 3000 copies of a book selling at the nominal price of one shilling would bring in £100. Does the publisher mean that it will cost him £100 to reproduce the silhouettes? Or that they will cost him the £25 of which he proposes to maulct the author by suppressing the royalty on 3000 copies? Or does be mean that £100 will publish the book; be- cause that is perhaps the truth of the matter. He says “ about pay myself for the production of these (meaning the silhouettes),” but in reality the proposal is to recoup himself entirely for the production of the whole book before paying the author anytbing. This principle of deferred royalties not only spoils the merit of a royalty offer, but imports into the royalty system all the evils of the half-profit system, to which we have alluded above. How can an author judge of the fairness of a proposal to withhold the commission until a certain number of copies be sold, unless he knows the expense to which the publisher is going to be put—unless, that is, he can double the part of author and publisher? The author, in this particular case, made no money at all out of the book, which did not sell. He can comfort himself, if he is a selfish man, by the thought that the comparative failure of the book concerns not him chiefly, but the publisher. He never could have made much money out of the book, A sale of 3000 copies about marks the limit of the success to which such a book attains, and on the first 3000 copies he was, by arrange- ment, to get nothing. If his book had achieved w success equivalent to some 30 per cent. higher than what he could fairly anticipate, and 4000 copies had been sold, he would theu only have got out of it £8 6s.8d. In this connection we should much like to know how many copies were printed. Tt seems to us possible that no more than 3000 were ever prepared, that is, that from the first it was intended that the author should get nothing at all The merits of the half-profit system have received frequent attention in these pages, and the advisability of having an agreement before publishing and of understanding its terms have been sufficiently insisted upon. We have ex- plained in the ‘Author and in the Society’s hand- books the true meaning of a royalty of 2d. in the shilling; and arithmetic, coupled with the know- ledge that 3000 copies is a very respectable circu- lation for a still unknown author, will enable any- one to see how very uusatisfactory to such man the result of deferring the payment of his royalties till 3000 copies have been sold, is likely to be. We need therefore make but one more comment upon this author’s experiences. It will be noticed that in each case the sums involved are very small. It is probable that this may make our serious tone towards the irregularities that have occurred appear misplaced, and possible that it may have been the cause of the disrespectful behaviour of both author and publishers towards the author’s property. But, to judge of the sanctity of property by its size would not be con- sidered wise in other walks of life. Does a man consider his collar-stud less his own than his watch? Is it permitted to us to remove our neighbours’ landmark a foot or two and remain venial offenders? Must we annex an acre before we fall under the ban of the Commination Service P pe CORRESPONDENCE. = E New AUTHORS. N reply to your remarks on my letter con- | cerning “the publication of new books by new and unknown authors,” I meant it to be inferred from the 8th paragraph of my letter, that the method would be supported by subscrip- tions from the publishers, instead of each paying his own reader. The publisher would in this case have no reader of his own, so that what you suggest as possible, at the end of your note, could not happen. T meant also that, under this plan, the author should pay no fee for having a work read, for 5 had in mind only the getting an admittedly meri- torious work published—a quick means of a good work finding a publisher, instead of wandering round and round after one. a Should an author want an instructive opinion, such as he now obtains from the Society, let him still have to pay a guinea for it. Seat Sa ssa eames  450 THE The criticism of an author’s MS. is a depart- ment of work entirely distinct from that which I suggested that the Society should initiate, but so intimately connected with it that I look upon the reading branch of the Society—because it had its origin in the Society of Authors—as simply a first step, which must inevitably lead to the accom- plishment of the other scheme. Husert Hass, 28, Bassett-road, North Kensington, London, W. I, ATTACK AND DEFENCE. In the dispute under the above heading in the April number of the Author, the critic certainly seems to make out the better case ; but I defy the reviewer of the Academy to justify in the same fashion most of his remarks on my last book. This gentleman says: “A young lady spends the night on a snowy mountain top in company with an injured gentleman. The heroism she displays prompts him to make an immediate proposal of marriage, but no sooner has the ceremony taken place than the bridegroom dies.” In the book the gentleman here spoken of does not propose to the young lady at any time, being a most respectable member of the community, provided already with a wife and grown up family of his own. When the lady does marry, her husband survives the ceremony by two years and a half. The reviewer says: “These two gentlemen have borne a by no means faultless character ; for while the younger has knowingly married somebody else’s wife. 2 In the book the gentleman alluded to knows nothing of his wife’s previous marriage until after the birth of their child. The reviewer says : ‘“ Besides (sic) these two the villain of the piece shines comparatively brightly. His only fault was having deceived a girl in India ”+—there is no mention in the book of a girl in India—“ who, when she found him out, poisoned herself, though he offered her marriage.” This is the cruellest lie of all; because it is built up on a substratum of truth. “The villain’s” offer of marriage is made, but to the girl’s father ; and she poisons herself before her father’s return from the interview with her seducer, while she is yet in ignorance of his offer to marry her. Under these circumstances what ground has the reviewer for the implied sarcasm in the sentence —‘poisoned herself though he offered her marriage ”’ ? AUTHOR. In very truth we minor novelists commit, and have to answer for, quite enough blunders of our own without being also made responsible for the feeble aberrations of such a one as this—a person who is too indifferent or too incompetent, or—as you, Mr. Editor, point out—too ill-paid, to dis- charge the duties of his calling with fairness either to his employer or to us. Unfortunately, from whatever cause his inaccuracies proceed, the result to me is the same—a review by so many specified items worse than the book deserves. While reviewers are under discussion, I have something to add on the subject of contradictory reviews. Do not all, or nearly all, authors go through this experience, with almost every book they put before the public ? Here are three specimens of flat contradiction taken from first-class papers : “The tone of the book is “ The author has a healthy scarcely a healthy one.” belief in human nature, which contrasts pleasantly with the pessimistic views more general with present day novelists.” “There is a deep pathos here and there, and a truly touching human interest at every turn.” “The story is as devoid of expression as a plank of timber.”’ “Has no feature to dis- tinguish it from the ordinary fourth-rate novel, unless, indeed, its extraordinary confusion may count for one.” After this, one is almost driven to believe that these gentlemen are continually engaged among themselves in a sly game of intellectual skittles, in which the ninepins are represented by the rank and file of the literary fraternity—set up in fair order by the fellows at one end. to be bowled over by the players at the other. A delightful pastime for everybody concerned—barring the ninepins. C. L. “ The plot is intricate yet never obscure The work of a competent writer.” III. A COINCIDENCE. My attention has just been called to the fol- lowing paragraph in the April number of the Author :—“ Here is a case of coincidence. Inthe Author of last monthappeareda story of a daughter bringing by her own efforts and genius success to the father who could not command it. It was a literary success. In June of last year there appeared in the Lastern and Western Gazette a story by Mrs. Edmonds called ‘The Painter’s Daughter,’ in which the daughter gives secretly to her father’s picture the touches and the colour which transform it from a failure to a success  THE AUTHOR. 451 The treatment of the two stories is different; there is nothing similar except the motif, and that ig the same in both. The author of ‘The Painter’s Daughter’ is anxious to say that she does not for one moment insinuate or suspect any plagiarism. It is a coincidence, and, as such, it deserves to be recorded.” While agreeing with your remarks as to the “eoincidence,” I am constrained to ask you to be kind enough to correct an error. The story referred to, “ A Painser’s Daughter,” by Mrs. Edmonds, appeared in the June number of the Eastern and Western Review, which, doubtless by some inadvertence, you have referred to as the Eastern and Western Gazette. I think it right to call attention to this, and to ask you to do me the favour of inserting this letter in the next issue of the Author. I have the honour to be, Your faithful servant, H. AntHony SALOME (Editor Eastern and Western Review.) LN Prompt PaYMENT. Whilst on this subject, would it not be well to discuss publisher’s methods of payment ? I have had considerable experience in_ this matter, having published with eleven different firms—and with almost all, there has been a difficulty as to the date of payment—the most favourable terms (with one exception), being one half the amount paid on receipt of the MS, and the other half on publication—which I know, to my cost, may be postponed indefinitely. The one exception is ‘‘ The Leadenhall Press,” whose cheque for the whole amount agreed on, is, I have always found (and I believe it is their rule), ready on the MS. being finished and handed over. A ScriBBLER. ————— = V. Tar VALUE or Criticism TO BEGINNERS. Some time ago I wrote an essay called “ Doctors: by a Pessimist,’’ and sent it, with others, to the Secretary of the Society, for criti- cisim. Tle reply came in due course, and to my horror I found that what I considered to be a smart piece of writing was scathingly condemned. My critic, however, did not stop short at con- demnation, but took some trouble to indicate lines for alteration and amendment. I laid the advice to heart, pondered over the reproof, and re-wrote the paper ab initio. In its original form it had been “returned with thanks” several times; but now, at the first attempt, second series, I rejoice to say, it has found favour— with—mirabile dictu—the editor of a medical journal ! I believe some people question the advantage of belonging to the Society of Authors; but here is a proof positive that, in my case at least, the value, in a pecuniary sense, is very great indeed. I could easily adduce other instances in which I have derived benefit from my membership, but this one will suffice. Hk. G. VI. Youna WRITERS. The Author wants to know how it can help young writers. There is a way. Is it practic- able? Not long ago an Idler said that whenever he wanted to feel warm he looked at his old MSS. He found there certain heat-giving properties. Many young writers would lke to know what these properties are. More than that, where the successful writer stumbled. Could not this be done in a series of paragraphs appearing each month in the Author? There are numerous pit-falls; would it be too much to ask well-known members of the society to lay some of them bare? ‘Those that they are personally acquainted with. A paragraph a month would not be a great call on a writer’s time. It would be—if practicable—an unselfish act, and these paragraphs would become to the young writer an invaluable literary chart. There is no map of the country at present. The pars could be headed ‘‘ Where I was Wrong.” A MEMBER. VII. DrEAMS. Coleridge and others are said to have com- posed poems in their sleep. This, very likely, is true, but let not everyone who may dream he is a poet expect to find confirmation thereof when he awakes. I myself do not remember ever having dreamt in verse, but it has frequently occurred to me to imagine in my sleep that I was giving expression to sentiments and ideas that, if collated, should astonish the world by reason of their depth and lucidity. . Last night I suddenly awoke with a distinct recollection of a sentence that seemed to me so majestic and full of mean- ing that I reached forth my hand in the dark, found a pencil, and then and there wrote it down. Here it is:— “ Tt was found that the bottom was dry. Talk was talk.” Tenclose the original for your edification ; and regret to add that I have not the remotest idea of ssc  452 what the context of this dreamland sentence was. As it stands, sermons might be preached on it, or essays written; but intrinsically I fear it can only be classed as—nonsense. H. RB. G. — — FROM THE PAPERS. i : LItERATURE AT THE CoLuMBIAN ExposiITion. I ITERATURE will be represented at the Columbian Exposition in two distinct ways. First there will be the exhibit of books and libraries in the Liberal Arts Depart- ment of the Exposition proper at Jackson Park— an exhibit to be made up chiefly of consignments from the various publishers, whose applications for space evince a very general interest in the matter, and give promise of an attractive and worthy display. Of far greater importance to the interests of literature, however, will be the series of conferences, or congresses, to be held in July in the Memorial Art Building near the heart of the city, as a part of the programme planned by the World’s Congress Auxiliary, an outline of whose grand and comprehensive work was given in the Dial for Dec. 16 last. It is the present intention to have these literary con- gresses begin on July 10, one week in advance of the educational congresses, as many visitors may wish to attend meetings in both of these depart- ments. By using the several audience-rooms that will be provided in the Art Building, the meetings of different sections may be held simultaneously, and thus the work of the con- gresses be greatly expedited. The general department of literature, as we have already explained, has been made to include, besides literature proper as represented by authors and their interests, sections devoted to philology and history, and to libraries. In each of the three last-named sections plans are to be formed and programmes provided, as far as possible, in cooperation with existing national organisations—such as the Modern Language and Oriental Societies, the Historical Society, and the Librarians’ Association—some or all of which have already decided to hold their annual meetings for this year in Chicago, as a part of the proceedings of the auxiliary congresses. In the plans for a congress of authors, the same policy will, as far as practicable, be pursued, and the work carried on by the local c mmittees in conjunction with, or at least in consultation THE AUTHOR. with, the representative societies of men of letters, such as the American Copyright League, the Authors’ Club of New York, and the London Society of Authors. The drift of discussion will thus naturally tend, at least in the beginning, towards those subjects most nearly related to the interests of authors in their profession: the rights of literary property, copyright laws, national and international, the relations between authors and publishers, &c. An international conference on the laws of literary property is among the probabilities of the Authors’ Congress, and may be an occasion of very great interest and tenefit. A number of prominent authors, at home and abroad, have cordially approved the general purposes of the congress, and, in response to the request of the local committee, have offered valuable suggestions as to the practical measures to be adopted. Mr. Walter Besant, late chairman of the London Society of Authors, has written that he will attend the congress as the delegate of his society, and will submit a paper by himself on some of the questions raised, from an English point of view. The Hon. James Bryce, M.P., has given some timely counsel and furnished some excellent additions to the list of topics to be discussed. Royalty, in the person of King Oscar of Sweden-Norway, acknowledges recognition as a man of letters by expressing through his secietary his “warmest wishes for the Congress of Authors and for the results of its labours, as everything that will forward the dignity and welfare of the literary calling deeply interests His Majesty.” In this country much valuable assistance has been rendered by Mr. E. C. Stedman, the president of the American Copy- right League, and by Mr. R. U. Johnson, its secretary ; also by Mr. R. W. Gilder and others. While the plans thus far formed for the Congress of Authors relate principally to subjects of professional rather than of general literary interest, the latter should not and need not be lost sight of. Such topics as the relation of dramatic and musical copyright to literary copy- right, the teaching of literature in the schools and colleges, current modes and standards of literary criticism, literature and the newspapers, perhaps even the moral purpose in literature, might be discussed with profit not only to the writers of books but to the readers of them, and with the result of greatly broadening the interest and influence of the literary congresses.—The Chicago Dial. II. The plans for the Literary Congress, which will begin on July 10, have not yet assumed definite shape, but the prospect for an interesting week is encouraging. The subjects suggested  THE AUTHOR. 459 for discussion are divided into four classes— aspects of literature, problems of the literary calling, the rights of literary property, and American literature. Under the first head are included such subdivisions as “Standards of Literary Criticism,” “ Literature and the News- papers,” “ Realism” and “ The Moral Purpose in Literature”; the second deals mainly with methods of publishing, and the third with different aspects of-copynght. There are also schemes afloat for authors’ readings in connec- tion with this Congress. The members of the Chicago committee of organisation are Francis F. Browne, editor of the Dial, who is chairman ; George E. Woodberry, Franklin H. Head, Joseph Kirkland, and David Swing. A committee of co-operation, with headquarters in New York, was also appointed, and of this Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes is chairman, and George EK. Woodberry secretary. It members are Edmund C. Stedman, Charles Eliot Norton, Charles Dudley Warner, William Dean Howells, Col. 1’. W. Higginson, Dr. H. H. Furness, Richard Watson Gilder, Thomas Bailey Aldrich, George W. Gable, Maurice Thompson, Thomas Nelson Page, Frank Dempster Sherman, and Prof. Hjalmar H. Boyesen. With such men enlisted in its service, the literary congress should cer- tainly evolve something original and vital in the way of discussions.—New York Critic. ———— EL Tur Rotiep MS. “Tye read,” said an editor toa writer in the New York Times, ‘ hundreds of rolled manu- scripts, and I never yet have found one that I cared to print. I have decided that the stupidity which rolls a manuscript cannot produce anything worth reading.” A rolled MS. is a desperate thing, but there is another that is almost worse— the one that comes to you with the last page on top and the first page at the bottom. A MS. was once sent to me arranged in this careless manner. There were five or six hundred pages of it. Do you know what I did with it? I sent it back to the author with a note in which I advised him before he sent that MS. further on its travels to show sufficient interest in it to arrange the pages properly. I hope for his sake that he acted upon my advice. If he did not, I doubt that his tale ever got a hearing. Life is too short for the important things to be done as they should be, and it never could be long enough for one not only to do his own work properly, but to rectify the careless work of others. A rolled MS. shows a thoughtless writer, but a MS. arranged back- wards shows a carelessness that is insulting to the person to whom it is sent, and argues ill for the intelligence of the writer. An attractive-looking manuscript goes a long way towards winning the favour of the “reader.” Even if refused, it is refused with genuine regret; but a “ reader’’ is only too glad to find the carelessly-prepared MS. as worthless as it looks. I have always admired the patience that induced Mr. George Haven Putnam to read the MS. of “The Leaven- worth Case,” for it was carelessly written in lead- pencil on common paper, and by an author then unknown. But he had his reward.—New York Critic. SS TLE. An AMERICAN PATERNOSTER Row. Fifth Avenue below Twenty -third-street in New York is rapidly becoming the American Paternoster-row. Beginning at the lower end we find Macmillan and Co., laying the founda- tion stone of a fine building on the avenue just below Thirteenth-street; C. L. Webster and Co., W. B. Harison, Brandus and Co., and the New York offices of Ginn and Co., and Leach, Shewell, and Sanborn are in the same neighbourhood. Further up, at No. 112, near Sixteenth-street, we find the New York offices and warerooms of Fleming H. Revell and Company, who have just removed to that point ; at No. 114, the handsome new store of James Pott and Co.; at No. 150, on the corner of Twentieth-street, the handsome building of the Methodist Book Concern with Hunt and Eaton’s handsome book store, and the Tnternational Bible Company, and at No. 182, near Twenty-third- street, the publishing-house of Anson D. F. Randolph and Co., with its attractive and well- stocked retail department. On the side streets of the avenue, running across to Union-square, we find on Tenth-street William Wood and Co., A. CG. Armstrong and Son, John Wiley and Son, the University Pub- lishing Company, Lovell, Coryell, and_ Co., the New York office of L. Prang and Co., Maynard, Merrill, and Co., and Fords, Howard, and Hulbert. On Twelfth-street, Ward, Lock, Bowden, and Co. On Fourteenth-street Thomas Y. Crowell and Co., A. Lovell and Co., J. A. Boll: and Co., J. W. Shermerhorn and Co., D. C. Heath and Co., and Isaac Pitman and Son. On Sixteenth- street, Longmans, Green, and Co. the United States Book Company, and the New York office of the John Church Company. On Seventeenth- street, the Century Company, Thomas Nelson and Sons, Tait, Sons, and Co., Brentano’s (who will be at the corner of Sixteenth-street and Union-square, West, in a couple of weeks), ee 454 Breitkopf and Hartel, Novello, Ewer, and Co., the New York office of Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., the Catholic Publication Society, and Rich- mond and Croscup. On _ Eighteenth-street, McLoughlin Brothers. On Nineteenth-street, Dodd, Mead, and Co. On Twenty-first-street, Fowler and Wells Company, M. L. Holbrook, and George M. Allen and Co. On Twenty-second- street, the Reformed Church Board, and on Twenty-third-street, west of the avenue, Geo. P. Putnam’s Sons, Henry Holt and Co., E. P. Dutton and Co., Fred. A. Stokes Co., G. W. Dillingham, Wm. J. Kelly, Town Topics Publishing Company, and H. 8. Werner. Several other houses are now looking for quarters in this circle, and additions to the above list may be expected about the first of May next. Besides those mentioned are the publishing offices of The Judge, Frank Leslie's, &c., and Mrs. Leslie’s own publications, The Forum. North American Review, Town Topics, Truth, and The Cosmopolitan. On Union-square, West, or one block from Fifth Avenue, are the publishing- offices and retail stores of Wm. A. Pond and Co., G. Schirmer, R. A. Saalfield, and Edward Schuberth and Co., publishers and importers of music. Art is represented by Charles Klackner, George M. Allen Company, Jellineck and Jacob- son, Geo. F. Kelly and Co., and Radtke, Lauckner, and Co.— Publishers’ Weekly. IV. DepIcatTions. A writer in the Author lately exhorted modern authors to revert to the ancient custom of dedications. Mr. Watson did not need the exhortation. His present, like his former volumes, have dedications. “To Arthur Christopher Benson I commend this prince-errant of my half-fledged fancy, with full confidence in the hospitality of heart which will refuse kindly shelter to no wayfarer, how perplexed and mis- guided soever, in the bewildering world.” That is of “The Prince’s Quest.” “To Grant Allen, an only too generous appreciator of my verse, I dedicate this poem, knowing that he will recog- nise beneath its somewhat hazardous levity a spirit not wholly flippant such as can alone justify its inscription to a serious lover of the Muse.” That is of “The loping Angels.” And the ‘Excursions in Criticism ” (from which a certain “ excursion”’ on “ Fiction Plethoric and Anzwmic”’ was wisely excluded) is dedicated, “ with apologies for so poor an offering,” to “ George Meredith, that this little volume may be graced with the vame of one of the truest of poets and most mag- THE AUTHOR. nanimous of men.” This is not the first tribute of the kind Mr. Meredith has received. ; Many dedications have been in grateful recogni- tion of care in nursing to literary maturity, dedi- cations to encouraging editors, and so forth; Mr. William Watson’s dedication, for example, of “Lacryme Musarum” to the editors of the Spectator; Mr. Barrie’s dedication of “Auld Licht Idylls” to Mr. Greenwood; and there is surely somewhere a similar tribute of Mr. Louis Stevenson to Mr. Leslie Stephen, who opened to him the pages of the Cornhill. Mr, Meredith himself, itis curious and interesting to remember, dedicated “Shagpat,” of all books in the world, to an editor of the Morning Post! He had been one of Sir William Hardman’s contributors. Mr. Meredith’s own first dedication, the dedication of the “ Poems” of 1851, now a book collector’s prize, was, it is interesting to recollect, to his father-in-law, Thomas Love Peacock, “in profound admiration and. affectionate respect.” ‘Modern Love” was “ affectionately inscribed to Captain Maxse, R.N.”; the new reprint—the second edition in thirty years !—is still dedicated “to Admiral Maxse in constant friendship.” The “Poems and Lyrics” of 1883 were dedicated to Cotter Morison, and “ Diana of the Crossways ” to Sir Frederick Pollock. Is there not a suggestive contrast between the “dedicatees” of Tennyson and Browning? The Queen, the Prince Consort, Robert Browning himself, and Lord Selborne—of such was the Laureate’s company; while Robert Browning’s chosen were Talfourd, Macready, Kenyon and Forster, Barry Cornwall, Landor, and M. Milsand. Talfourd had “ Pickwick” dedicated to him, and Barry Cornwall “ Vanity Fair” ; while “ Atalanta in Calydon” was an offering well worthy of Landor’s memory. Let us not forget Tennyson’s dedications to his wife, his grandson, Alfred Tennyson, and Henry Lushington (Old Fitz has not, we think, a formal dedication), and, above all, the more than dedication to Henry Hallam. Still less let us forget Browning’s “One Word More,” and the later invocation to his “ Lyric Love, half angel and half bird.” But no poet of them all, not even Browning, ever rivalled the fervour of John Mill’s dedication of his “ Liberty” to his wife. The palm for adoration rests with the economist and logician.— St. James's Gazette, April 8, 1893. V. Firing CopyricguHt. It is understood that the librarian of the Congressional Library has found it impossible to  THE AUTHOR. 455 keep up with the applications for copyright filed at his office since the new copyright law went into effect. Additional clerks are sorely needed to assist Mr. Spofford in his labours.—New York Critic. VE. Tue Current ADJECTIVE. THERE are certain words that are good enough words in themselves, but which used in unusual connections become conspicuous and __ finally odious. Some time ago the favourite slang word of literature was “certain.” Every heroine had a “certain nameless charm,” &c., and every hero a “certain air of distinction” about him, until you longed for one whose qualities were more uncertain in their nature or degree. “Certain ” seems to have had its day ; and now the favourite slang word of literature is “ distinctly.” Heroines are now “distinctly regal” in their bearing, and there is about the heroes a manner that is “ distinctly fine,” or whatever the adjective may be. In a book that I read not many days ago, the word “ distinctly” used in this way appeared three times on one page, until I was distinctly bored, and laid it down in disgust. ‘‘ Precious” used to be one of the tortured vocables, and there was a class of art-critics that went so far as to describe the paintings of their favourites as “distinctly precious”; but I think they have been laughed into a more material vocabulary by this time. I do not object to an original use of words, but I do hate affectation. in their use. There are two authors I could mention whose stories give the impression of long hours spent in hunting up obsolete words in the dic- tionary, who, so it seems to me, would rather have their readers say, ‘Where do you suppose he found sucha word?” rather than ‘“‘ How well he tells a story!” They seek to attract attention as jugglers of words, rather than legitimate users of them. Give mea writer whose aim is to tell a story well, rather than one whose aim is to startle his readers into attention by outré phrases. New York Critic. So Vit Auas! Poor Yoricx ! Yorick made Duke of York !—The Professor of English in a Western college sends me the fol- lowing note, which T cannot forbear printing for the amusement of the Critic’s readers : “ Perhaps youare familiar with the advertising enterprise shown by the proprietors of "8 soap ; well, during the past few days an imported French or Italian artist, a ‘ Professor’ Leoni, has been occupying a large display window down town, carving or modelling out of bars of a soap, a scene from‘ Hamlet.’ There is the grave- yard with its enclosing wall, the trees, the birds, fallen headstones, the funeral monuments—all of the same soapy material; while the grave-diggers lounge around watching Hamlet and Horatio who stand by the open grave. Hamlet holds the skull, and is evidently apostrophising it. It is done with remarkable skill and some degree of artistic taste; but the funny thing about it is that the scene is labelled ‘ Hamlet discovering the skull of the Duke of York /and on the miniature tablet at the head of the grave the artist has carved so that he who runs may read— —____— DUKE “ Now was it not dismal humiliation enough to put the melancholy Dane into soap, without con- verting that mad rogue Yorick into His Grace the Duke of York? ‘To what base uses may we turn, Horatio ! “Tn faith, if this sort of thing be allowed to run ov, what theories of corrupted text and what plausible emendation of unfamiliar names may we not expect in the days to come? Might not one come eventually to interpret poor Yorick asa solar myth, or something of that sort, at last ?” —New York Critic. ——-—e “AT THE SIGN OF THE AUTHOR'S HEAD.” R. GEORGE MEREDITH is busy upon a serial story for the Pall Mall Maga- zine, and has also undertaken to write a serial for Scribner's. Mr. Joseph Hatton’s new novel, “ Under the Great Seal,” will be published on May 1 by Messrs. Hutchinson, and in New York by the Cassell Publishing Company. Mr. Eden Phillpotts has almost completed his new story, which will bear the title “Some Every- day Folks.” Mr. Phillpotts has written the next volume of the “ Breezy Library.” It will bear the title “Summer Clouds,” and will be published by Messrs. Raphael Tuck and Co. Mr. Philip H. Bagenal has written a mono- graph on the politico-ecclesiastical aspects of the Trish question which bears the title “ The Priest ser rt a ES SY a A EE  450 in Politics.” Messrs. Hutchinson are the pub- lishers. Mrs. Simmons (V. Schallenberger), the author of “Green Tea,” has written a new story entitled “Men and Men,” which will be published at once by Messrs. J. R. Osgood, Mcllvaine, and Co. Mrs. Abraham Dixon has prepared a new and revised edition of ‘Chronicles of Columbus,” a propos of the Columbus Centenary Celebrations, Messrs. G. P. Putnam’s Sons are the pub- lishers, and they will publish the volume simul- taneously in London and New York. It has been arranged through the Author’s Syndicate that Mrs. Campbell Praed’s new story, “Christina Chard,” should run serially through the Queen. Mr. Frederic Breton has wri!ten a story entitled “The Crime of Maunsell Grange,” which will be published immediately by Messrs. J. R. Osgood, Mellvaine, and Co. “Rita” has completed a new three-volume novel entitled ‘The Ending of My Day,” which will, through the Authors’ Syndicate, be published in a number of newspapers in the early summer. Mr. W. Morris Colles has written an article for the May number of the New Review entitled “The Future of English Letters.”’ “ Utterly Mistaken,” a novel by Annie Thomas ; “Witness to the Deed,’ by George Manville Fenn; ‘Prince Hermann, Regent,’ by Jules Lemaitre, translated from the French by Miss B. M. Sherman, and Mark Rutherford’s Deliver- rance,”’ uniform with the ‘ Autobiography of Mark Rutherford,” are published by the Cassell Company, New York. The Finns are joining the civilised world—of fiction. A Finnish novel named “ Squire Helman,” has been translated by Mr. R. N. Bain, and will be published by Fisher Unwin. Mr. W. M. Conway’s work on his expedition to the Himalayas, is making progress; it will be illustrated from drawings made on the spot, and by maps from surveys and observations conducted by Mr. Conway himself. John Strange Winter has a new story in the press called “ That Mrs. Smith.” (F. W. White and Co.) Annie Thomas (Mrs. Pender Cudlip) is bring- ing out a new novel called ‘ Utterly Unknown.” (F. V. White and Co.) A new edition of John Addington Symonds’ “Introduction to the Study of Dante,” is in preparation (Messrs. A. and C. Black). It was THE AUTHOR. nearly ready at the moment of the lamented author’s death. Mr. Robert Louis Stevenson’s new work “Island Nights’ Entertainments,” will be pub- lished by Cassell and Co. Mr. Rudyard Kipling contributes a“ National Poem, to celebrate the opening of the Imperial Institute,” to the English Illustrated. Mr. Charles Brookfield makes his first appear- ance immediately as an author with a volume of four stories. (Ward and Downey.) Dr. Verrall is bringing out in the Classical Library of Macmillan and Co., an edition of the Choephore of Aischylus, with a commentary, translation, and notes. Mr. Dykes Campbell’s new edition of Coleridge’s works, with his introduction and life is now ready (Macmillan and Co.) Prof. Minto has left behind him an unpublished “Manual of Logic.” The proofs, however, were all corrected, and the work will be published by Mr. Murray. Mr. Cosmo Monkhouse has added a “ Life of Leigh Hunt” to Mr. Walter Scott's “Great Writers.” The first Book Sale in England, it took place in the year 1676. And those who want to learn what it was like, may read a most interest- ing account of it in Longman’s Magazine for April. It is understood, says the New York Critic, that the Librarian of the Congressional Library has found it impossible to keep up with the applications for copyright filed at his office since the new copyright law went into effect. Addi- tional clerks are sorely needed to assist Mr. Spofford in his labours. | Lady Burton has completed arrangements for the issue of a complete and uniform edition of all Sir Richard Burton’s works, beginning with “The Pilgrimage to Mecca and Medinah.” “Dan’l’s Delight,”’ by Archie Armstrong, has met with a very good reception at the “ German Reeds.” Mr. Luther J. B. Lincoln’s entertainment, which goes by the name of “Uncut Leaves,” is said to be enjoying great popularity in America. Among the authors who read from their own works at the last one, the other day, were Prof. A. S Hardy, William Henry Bishop and Col. Richard Malcolm Johnston. Miss Laura Sedg- wick Collins delivered a new monologue by Charles Barnard, and Augustus Thomas gave a talk on the drama.  THE AUTHOR. 457 Mrs. Edith E. Cuthell, author of “Only a Guardroom Dog,” is editing Mrs. R. H. Tyache’s book of travel and sport in the Central Hima- layas, ‘How I Shot my Bears; or Two Years’ Tent Life in Kullu and Lahoul.” .The book is to be published very shortly by Messrs. Sampson and Marston, illustrated by photos taken on the spot. Messrs. Bentley are bringing out Mrs. Edith E. Quthell’s new book “Indian Memories,” of various phases of life in different parts of India. Lieut.-Col. Cuthell has compiled a useful and much-needed “ Sailing Guide to the Solent and Poole Harbour; with Practical Hints on Living and Working on a Small Yacht,” to be published by Upeott Gill directly. “By a Himalayan Lake,” a one-volume novel by the author of the collection of Indian stories called “In Tent and Bungalow,” is just published by Messrs. Ward and Downey. The London Letter of the New York Critic will be written for the present by Mr. Arthur Waugh, the author of the “ Biography of Tenny- son.” He takes the place of Mrs. L. A. Walford, who in her turn succeeded Mr. W. E. Henley. The Critic is a paper which might in many of its features be imitated by our own literary journals. The Monthly Packet (A. D. Innes and Co.) for July will contain a serisl story by Dorothea Gerard, called “Lot 13,” and also papers by Miss Brande on “Thinkers of the Middle Ages.” Christabel Coleridge has ready a new novel called “ Waynflete.” 2 vols. A. D. Innes and Co. are the publishers. The same writer has ready “ Strolling Players.” 1 vol. (Macmillan and Co.) A series of unpublished letters by S. T. Cole- ridge, edited by his grandson, Ernest Hartly Cole- ridge, are running through the Illustrated London News. A volume of letters will probably follow them in the autumn. Mr. John Bloundelle-Burton, author of “lEhe Desert Ship,” ‘The Silent Shore,” “ His Own Enemy,” &c., will shortly contribute a serial stury of adventure to Young England. “The Desert Ship” will be produced in volume form (with the original illustrations and four extra ones, by Mr. Hume Nesbit) in the autumn, by Messrs. Hutchinson and Co. Mr. Bertram Mitford’s new novel, “ The Gun- runners: A Tale of Zululand,” will be published immediately by Messrs. Chatto and Windus, Mrs. Oliphant will shortly produce a “ Bio- graphy of Thomas Chalmers” (Methuen and Co.). Mr. H. D. Rawnsley will publish, before long, a volume of poems called “ Valete.” They are principally In Memoriam verses on Tennyson and others. The publishers are Messrs. James Maclehose and Sons, Glasgow. Early in May Mr. Fitzgerald Molloy will produce a new novel, “ His Wife’s Soul.” (Hutchinson and Co.) Pes THE AUTHOR'S BOOK EXCHANGE. (Names of books wanted, books for sale, and books for exchange, to be sent to the “Book Exchange,” Society of Authors, 4, Portugal-street. All correspondence on this subject to be addressed in the same way.) ————— Books Wanted. The attention of secondhand booksellers is particularly invited to the following list. Books in the list remain till they are found or until the applicant desires their removal. The price, post free, and the condition of the book to be named in reply. Rowlandson’s Adventures of Johnny Newcome in the Navy, 1818; Military Adventures of Johnny Newcome, 1818. Shadwell’s Dramatic Works, 4 vols., 1720. Alexander’s History of Women. Hazlitt’s Liber Amoris, 1823. The World: any vols., 1753, et seq. Appeal to the Men of Great Britain in behalf of Women, 1798. Capper’s Port and Trade of London, 1862. Bissett, Andrew’s Notes on the Anti-Corn Law Struggle, 1884. Barnes’s New Discovery of Pigmies. Beloe’s Sexagenarian, 1st edition, 1817. Hackluyt’s Voyages. Kit Kat Club, Memoirs of, with the portraits, 1821. Tavern Anecdotes, 1825. Murray’s Chronicles of St. Dunstan’s in the East, 1859. Memorials of Fleet-street. By a Barrister. Meiner’s History of the Female Sex, 1808. Reader’s Handbook of Illusions, &c. By Dr. Brewer. Windsor’s Ethica, 1840. Urquhart’s Tracts. Mitchell’s Christian Mythology. Cunningham’s Story of Nell Gwynne. Dunton’s Young Student’s Library. Howell’s Epistol, 1688. Sharpe’s Coventry Pageants. Stirling’s Old Drury-lane. Grosley’s Tour to London, 2 vols., 1772. Hogarth’s Frolic (any edition). Rabelais: W. F. Smith’s New Translation. —Office of the Author. Beckford’s Vathek. Somerville’s The Chase. Tusher’s Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry. —_J. E. Tayuer, Leavesden, Herts. sea EES ee  458 Larwood’s History of Signboards. Andrew’s Old Times Punishments. Any Works of Cobbett. —E. Wotrerstan, Arts Club, Hanover-square. History of Paddington. Dr. Syntax: Life of Napoleon. —J. Batcomp, 14, Paddington-green. Captain Conyngham’s Services of the Irish Brigade in the Great American War. —HeEnry Brown, 4, Lorn-road, Brixton. Grant Allen: Physiological Asthetics. —F. H. P. Costs, Fowkes - buildings, Great Tower-street, E.C. Books Offered. Glazebrook’s Physical Optics. Smith’s Sacred Animals. Sinclair: a novel. By Mrs. Pilkington, 4 vols., published 1809. The Family Estate; or Lost and Won. By Mrs. Ross, 3 vols., 1815. Ellesmere. By Mrs. Meeke, 4 vols., 1799. Minerva Press, Leadenhall-street. Fitzroy. By Maria Hunter, 2 vols., 1792. Leadenhall-street. Lord Walford. By L. L., Esq., 2 vols., 1789. Chesterfield Letters. 2 vols., calf, 1777. mall. Oakwood Hall. 3 vols. A novel by Catherine Hutton, including description of the Lakes. Hugh Trevor. By Thomas Holcroft, 2 vols., 1794. —Office of the Author. sop’s Fables, 1760. Ilustrated by Z. Lister. Aisop’s Fables, 1810. Illustrated by Nesbit. Cary’s Atlas of English County Maps, 1787. Glass’s Contemplations, 1799, 4 vols., calf. Faber on Prophecy, 1806, 2 vols. Les Pseaumes de David, 1727, Amsterdam, with music. Goethe’s Schiller, 1820. Goethe’s Schiller, 1824. Schiller’s Fridolin. Minerva Press, Dodsley, Pall- =-8. ¢. B. Shakespeare Quarto Facsimiles, photo-lithographed. Edited by Dr. F. J. Furnivall, 43 vols. ei Cowley’s Works, 1688. Anacreon and Sappho, translated by Addison, with the Greek opposite, 1755. —G. B. G. Se. NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS. Theology, ADENEY,WALTERF. Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther. Hodder and Stoughton. 7s. 6d. Benson, Rev. R. M. The Final Passover: a series of meditations upon the Passion. Vol. III. The Divine Exodus. Part I. Longmans. 5s. CARNEGIE, W. H. Through Conversation to the Creed; a brief account of the reasonable character of religious conviction. Longmans. 3s. Cox, Rev. J. Cuarugs. The Gardens of Scripture. Six meditations, together with a sermon on Christianity and Archeology. Sampson Low. THE AUTHOR. Duke, Davip. Synchronism of the Passion Days, with charts. Published by him at Great Easton, Leicester- shire. Paper covers, 1s. 6d. Farmer, JouN. Hymns and Chorales for Schools and - Colleges. Edited by. Words only. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Henry Frowde. 2s. GILBERT, Josran. Nature, the Supernataral and the Religion of Israel. Hodder and Stoughton. 9s. Hearp, Rey. J. B. Alexandrian and Carthaginian Theology Contrasted. The Hulsean Lectures, 1892-93. T. and T. Clark, Edinburgh. 6s. Momeriz, Rev. A. W. The Religion of the Future, and other essays. W. Blackwood and Sons. Ryuz, Rr. Rey. J. C. Thoughts about Sunday, its insti- tution, privileges, and due observance. W. Hunt and Co., Paternoster-row. Paper covers, 3d. SoLty, Henry S. The Gospel according to Mark: a Study in the Earliest Records of the Life of Jesus. The Sunday School Association, Essex Hall, Essex-street, W.C. 3s. 6d. THOROLD, ANTHONY W., D.D. The Gospel of Work. “Preachers of the Day” Series. Sampson Low. Wittiam Law’s Derence or CuuRcH PRINCIPLES. 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Eyre and Spottiswoode.  ADVERTISEMENTS. NEW NOVEL BY JAMES PAYN. Now Ready, at all the Libraries, Booksellers’, and Bookstalls, in 2 vols., crown 8vo, cloth extra, price 21s. A STUMBLE ON THE THRESHOLD. ise [oF et as PFPAY DH. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS THE TIMES: ‘“Mr. James Payn’s pleasant story contains a startling novelty. undergraduates of Cambridge University. Mr. Payn’s picture of University society is frankly exceptional. Exceptional, if not unique, is the ‘nice little college’ of St. Neot’s. Cambridge men will have little difficulty in recognising this snug refuge of the ‘ ploughed.’ An ingenious plot, clever characters, and, above all, a/| plentiful seasoning of genial wit. The uxorious master of St. Neot’s is charmingly conceived. If only for his reminiscences of his deceased wives, ‘A Stumble on the Threshold’ deserves to be treasured. . We turn over Mr. Payn’s delightful pages, so full of surprises and whimsical dialogue. = DaILy NEWS: “The dramatic story is told with an excellent wit. It abounds in lively presentation of character and in shrewd sayings concerning life and manners. That study of mankind which is ‘man’ has furnished a liberal educa- tion to this genial humorist. The men and women he pourtrays move before us, as do our friends and acquaintances, distinct individualities, yet each possessed of that reserve of mystery a touch of which in the delineation of human nature, is more convincing than pages of analysis. Needham, Fellow of St. Neot’s, Cambridge—simple, loyal, gently independent—is a beautiful study. The story alternates in its setting between Bournemouth, Cambridge, and some charming spots near the Thames. The description of life in the Alma Mater on the banks of the Cam gives Mr. Payn opportunities for humorous sketches of professors and students, and he shows himself in the light of an excellent raconteur. This part of the narrative furnishes some delightful reading; we seem to be listening to the best talk, incisive, racy, and to the point. Space will not allow us to quote some of the wise and witty sayings, tinged it may be with cynicism, which are the outcome of Mr. Payn’s philosophy of life, and which are not the least entertaining art of this attractive novel.” DAILY CHRONICLE: ‘Mr. James Payn is here quite at his usual level all through, and that level is quite high enough to please most people. The character drawing is good. The story of the master sounds strangely like truth. : A book to read distinctly.” DAILy GRAPHIC: + | . | The dramatic unity of time, place, and cir- cumstance has never had a more novel setting. oe | SATURDAY REVIEW: ‘\A very interesting story, and one that excels in clever he leading actors are a group of| contrast of character and close study of individualism. : The characters make the impression of reality on the reader. . Extremely pleasant are the sketches of University life.” THE WORLD: ‘‘The most sensational story which the author has written since his capital novel, ‘By Proxy.’ Never flags for a moment.” BLACK AND WHITE. BE ceive Ingenious and Original. Mr. Payn knows how to invent and lead up to a mystery.” LEEDS MERCURY: ‘““Three more distinctive characters have, perhaps, never been drawn by Mr. James Payn than in Walter Blythe, Robert Grey, and George Needham, Cambridge undergraduates, who figure prominently in ‘A Stumble on the Threshold.’” GuLAsagow HERALD: ae Mr. Payn’s latest invention in sensational episode; but wild horses will not drag from us a statement of the mystery. It is new and thoroughly original, and worthy of the ingenuity of the loser of Sir Massingberd.” BATLEY REPORTER: Is most attractive reading.” ay HAMPSHIRE TELEGRAPH AND CHRONICLE: ‘““Mr. James Payn’s latest story, ‘A Stumble on the Threshold,’ which has been the chief attraction in the ‘Queen’ during the last few months—where, by the way, it was most admirably illustrated—has just been issued in two handsome vols. by Mr. Horace Cox. The story is written in Mr. Payn’s happiest vein: it sparkles with wit, the characters are most unconventional, and the old, old theme is worked out on quite novel lines.” HEREFORD TIMES ‘‘ With all their sparkle and gaiety, Mr. Payn’s novels would not be complete without the dread Nemesis, mysterious in operation, and casting suspicion for a time on every side but the right one. The novel is thoroughly attractive, and a credit to the practised hand which penned it.” THE OBSERVER: «| . . Is a characteristic story, remarkably quietly told, always pleasing and satisfying, and pro- viding a startling incident at a moment when everything seems serene.” London: HORACE COX, Windsor House, Bream’s E.C. Buildings, *CHEAP JACK ZITA” NEW SERIAL STORY my S&S BARING-GoOuULD. ENTITLED “CHEAP JACK ZITA,” With Illustrations by a Prominent Artist, commenced in the ‘‘ Queen” on Jan. 7.  of MSS. copied with care. ADVERTISEMENTS. MESDAMES BRETT & BOWSER, TYPISTS, SELBORNE CHAMBERS, BELL YARD, TEMPLE BAR. Authors’ MSS. carefully and expeditiously copied, from Is. per 1000 words. Extra carbon copies half price. Refer- ences kindly permitted to Augustine Birrell, Esq., M.P. LITERARY PRODUCTIONS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION (eet REVISED and CORRECTED on Mode- / rate Terms by the Author of “The Queen’s English up to Date” (see Press Opinions), price 2s. Address “ Anglophil,” Literary Revision Office, Strand, W.C. 342, Miss R. V. GILL, TYPE-WRITING OFFICES, 6, Adam-street, Strand, W.C. ee: Authors’ and dramatists’ Work a Speciality. All kinds Extra attention given to difficult hand-writing and to papers or lectures on scientific subjects. Type-writing from dictation. Shorthand Notes taken and transcribed. FURTHER PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION. MRS. Gib, TYP#-WRITING OFFICE, 35. LUDGATE HILL, E.C. (ESTABLISHED 1883.) ect : Authors’ MSS. carefully copied from 1s. per 1000 words, Plays, &c., Is. 8d. per 1000 words. Extra copies (carbon) supplied at the rate of 4d. and 3d. per 1000 words. Type-writing from dictation 2s. 6d. per hour. Reference kindly permitted to Walter Besant, Esq. Miss PATTEN, TYPIST 44, Oakley Street Flats, Chelsea S.W. Authors’ MSS. carefully transcribed. References kindly permitted to George Augustus Sala, Esq., Justin Huntly McCarthy, Esq., and many other well-known Authors. Fire - Proof Safe for MSS. Partic.lars on Application. Price One Shilling ; by Post, 1s. 3d. Te E QUEEN ALMANACK, and Lady’s Calendar, 1893, Contains a Chromo-Lithograph Plate of an Album Cover in Imitation Boule Work, Winter Comforts in Knitting and Crochet, Designs for Pyrographic, Hand-painted, or Inlaid Work, and Bent Iron Work. &e. The ** Queen ” Office, Windsor House, Bream’s-buildings, E.C. Published every Friday morning; price, without Reports, 9d.; with Reports, 1s. HE LAW TIMES, the Journal of the Law and the Lawyers, which has now just completed its fiftieth year, supplies to the Profession a complete Record of the Progress of Legal Reforms, and of all matters affecting the Legal Profession. The Reports of the Law Times are now recognised as the most complete and efficient series published. Offices: Windsor House, Bream’s-buildings, E.C. TWENTY-FIFTH ISSUE. Now ready, super-royal 8vo., price 15s., post free. CROCKFORD'S CLERICAL DIRECTORY HOF. 1893 Being a Statistical Book of Reference for Facts relating to. the Clergy in England, Wales, Scotland Ireland and the Colonies, WITH A FULLER INDEX RELATING TO PARISHES AND BENEFICES THAN ANY EVER YET GIVEN TO THE PUBLIC. LONDON: HORACE COX, WINDSOR HOUSE, BREAM’S BUILDINGS, E.0C. COX’S ARTS OF READING, WRITING, AND SPEAKING. LETTERS TO A LAW STUDENT. BY THE LATHE Me. SHRIDAN ET Cox. RE-ISSUE (SIXTH THOUSAND). PRICE 7s. 6d. LONDON: HORACE COX, “LAW TIMES” OFFICE, WINDSOR HOUSE, BREAM’S BUILDINGS, E.C. Printed and Published by Horace Cox, Windsor House, Bream’s-buildings, London, E.C. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author, Vol. 03 Issue 12 (May 1893) Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em>, Vol. 03 Issue 12 (May 1893) Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1893-05-01-The-Author-3-12 publications The Author