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Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em> Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, <em>The Author</em>, 1890<span>–</span>1914, made available together for the first time.<br /><br />Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&amp;collection=&amp;type=&amp;tags=&amp;exhibit=&amp;date_search_term=&amp;submit_search=Search+For+Items&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1893-01-02 Volume 3 Issue 8 Pages Page range in volume 265–304 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18930102 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin The HMutbor. (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vou. III.—No. 8.] JANUARY 2, 1803. [Prick SIXPENCE. CONTENTS. PAGE | PAGE ) Warnings ae tie .. 267 | Notes and News. By the Editor... = ake oe ene wow 284 | How to Use the Society = ies Pee ee =e aoe cre | Ethics of Criticism ... oe ee Bee see ies ae «se 288 # The Authors’ Syndicate... ae eS Ce oe es .. 268 | Authors, Publishers, and Reviewers... ee a es wes 288 | Notices... ee 269 | Correspondence— The Annual Meeting— | 2 Bs 970 | 1.—An Omnium Gatherum for the New Year... 0 « se. 290 a aaa Retiring Chairman... —... wee eee ee SIO 2.—Religious Firms Pee ok Re er eee OD ‘ y era | 3.—Seale Pay... ae o. ee vse ay ee ae | 1.—Canadian Copyright a aa ae = me + 275 | 3 mhe Reotistical Amateur ... vas 591 2.—Contributors’ Remuneration... 0. ss eve ve 276 EP Opipiahers’ Aereanianita, LL 292 3.—Magazines and Copyright Pee eke ere ene oe a | 6.—The Public Criticism of Books... 9.1 sve ewe, te 292 = v. eget ee au 7.—A Literary Scholarship ... 00 4. se sue aus, ane 298 Sia Sve ot se on Se sre 978 | een ere ieee a ove eo Ps a ee Oe §8.—American Copyright in New Editions... a & cae 11.—The Magazines : a t) 295 - By fh Bo Woveton. 3:5 se eas bee ge ame ti opie a i aon “Very Inaccurate and Very Unreliable.” By S.S. Sprigge ... 279 | ae : Be Bae ore ec Mee @ethor” and the “Bookseller”... ... ss wwe wee 280 | At the Sign of the Sulliors ROMs Sas Ciceeh ey wan aes soe 295 A Rejected Author ... ae ws Be ss Ps nee sc. 28) New Books and New Editions... ore Son oe os see 296 PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY. 1. The Annual Report. That for January 1892 can be had on application to the Secretary. 4 § 9. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance of Literary Property. Issued to all Members. The Grievances of Authors. (The Leadenhall Press.) 1s. The Report of three Meetings on the general subject of Literature and its defence, held at Willis’s Rooms, March, 1887. Literature and the Pension List. By W. Morris Coxtns, Barrister-at-Law. (Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C.) 35. The History of the Société des Gens de Lettres. By S. Squire Spricex, late Secretary to the Society. Is. The Cost of Production. In this work specimens are given of the most important forms of type, size of page, &c., with estimates showing what it costs to produce the more common kinds of books. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 2s. 6d. The Various Methods of Publication. By S. Squire Spricas. In this work, compiled from the papers in the Society’s offices, the various forms of agreements proposed by Publishers to ‘Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the various kinds of fraud which have been made possible by the different clauses in their agreements. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 33s. Copyright Law Reform. An Exposition of Lord Monkswell’s Copyright Bill now before Parlia- ment, With Extracts from the Report of the Commission of 1878, and an Appendix containing the Berne Convention and the American Copyright Bill. By J. M. Leny. Eyre and Spottiswoode. 15. 6d. 266 ADVERTISEMENTS. The Society of Authors (Sncorporated), PRESIDENT. GHEORGHE MEREDITH. COUNCIL. Str Epwin Arnoxp, K.C.LE., C.S.I. ALFRED AUSTIN. J. M. BaRRIE. A. W. A Becxetr. RoBERT BATEMAN. Sir Henry Berene, K.C.M.G. WALTER BESANT. AUGUSTINE BIRRELL, M.P. R. D. BLacKMORE. Rev. Pror. Bonney, F.RB.S. Lord BRABOURNE. JameEs Bryce, M.P. Hatt CAINE. P. W. CLAYDEN. EDWARD CLODD. W. Morris Couues. Hon. JoHN COLLIER. W. Martin Conway. F. Marion CRAWFORD. Austin Dogson. A. W. DusBoure. EpmuND GossE. Tuomas Harpy. J. M. Lery. OswALD CRAWFURD, C.M.G. THE EARL oF DESART. J. Eric Ericusen, F.R.S. Pror. MicHart Foster, F.R.S. HERBERT GARDNER, M.P. RicHARD GARNETT, LL.D. H. Riper HaGe@arp. JEROME K. JEROME. RupDYARD Kipuina. Pror. E. Ray LANKESTER, F.RB.S. Rev. W. J. Lorriz,’F.S.A. Pror. J. M.D. MEIKLEJOHN. HerRMAN C. MERIVALE. Rev. C. H. MippLeTon-WAKE F.L.S. Lewis Morpzis. Pror. Max MULLER. J.C. PARKINSON. THE EaRu oF PEMBROKE AND Mont- GOMERY. Sir FREDERICK PoLLock, Bart., LL.D, WALTER HeRRIES POLLOCK. A. G. Ross. Gzorase Auaustus SALA. W. Baptiste Scoonss. G. R. Sims. S. Squire SPRIGGE. J. J. STEVENSON. Jas. SULLY. Witiiam Moy Tomas. H. D. Trarit, D.C.L. Baron HENRY DE Worms, F.R.S. EpMuND YATES. MP. Hon. Counsel—E. M. UNDERDOWN, Q.C. Solicitors—Messrs Freup, Roscor, and Co., Lincoln’s Inn Fields. Secretary—C. HerBert THRING, B.A. OFFICES. 4, PortugaL Street, Lincoun’s Inn Freups, W.C. Now ready, Third Edition, with Additions throughout, in demy 8vo., 700 pages, price 15s. AN ANECDOTAL HISTORY oF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT, From the Earliest Periods to the Present Time. WITH NOTICES OF EMINENT PARLIAMENTARY MEN, AND EXAMPLES OF THEIR ORATORY. CoMPILED FROM AUTHENTIC SOURCES BY GHORGE BEN RY JBINNiWN Ge. CONTENTS. Part I.—Riseand Progress of Parliamentary Institutions. Part II.—Personal Anecdotes: Sir Thomas More to John Morley. Parr III.—Miscellaneous. 1. Elections. 2. Privilege; Ex- clusion of Strangers; Publication of Debates. 83. Parliamentary Usages, &c. 4. Varieties. Apprnprx.—(A) Lists of the Parliaments of England and of the United Kingdom. (B) Speakers of the House of Commons. (C) Prime Ministers, Lord Chancellors, and Secretaries of State from 1715 to 1892. Opinions of the Press of the Present Edition. ‘“‘ The work, which has long been held in high repute as a repertory of good things, is more than ever rich in doth instruction and amuse- ment. ’—Scotsman. ‘It is a treasury of useful fact and amusing anecdote, and in its latest form should have increased popularity.” —Globe. ‘‘Its advantage to those who are seeking seats in Parliament, or who may have occasion to assist as speakers during the electoral eampaign, is incomparable.”—Sala’s Journal. “Tt is a work that possesses both a practical and an historical value, and is altogether unique in character."—Kentish Observer. ‘We can heartily recommend this work to the politician, whatever may be his party leanings.”—WNorthern Echo. ‘“Here we have the whole company of Parliamentary celebrities, past and present, reduced to puppets, so to speak, and made to repeat their best and most approved rhetorical performances for our leisurely entertainment, which is not less enjoyable from being allied with edification.” —Liverpool Courier. “ Orders may now be sent to HORACE COX “Law Times” Office, Windsor House, Bream’s-buildings, E.C. 8 | | a  . The #utbor. (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vor. IIL.—No. 8.] JANUARY 2, 1893. [PricE SIXPENCE. For the Opinions expressed in papers that are signed or initialled the Authors alone are responstble. : HE Secretary begs to give notice that all remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and requests that all members not receiving an answer to important communications within two days will write to him without delay. During the last six months a number of letters have not been delivered at the Society’s office, and, as one robbery at least has been proved to have been committed, it is reasonab’e to suppose that the letters have been stopped in the hope of stealing uncrossed cheques. All remittances should be crossed Union Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered letter only. ol WARNINGS. Sramp your AGREEMENTS.—Readers are most URGENTLY warned not to neglect stamping their agreements immediately after signature. If this precaution is neglected for two weeks, a fine of £10 must be paid before the agreement can be used as a legal document. In almost every case brought to the secretary the agreement, or the letter which serves for one, is without the stamp. The author may be assured that the other party to the agreement never neglects this simple pre- caution. The stamp duty varies from 6d. up to 10s. or more, according to the form of agreement. The Society, to save trouble, undertakes to get all the agreements of members stamped for them at no expense to themselves except the cost of the stamp. ———— AsScERTAIN WHAT A PROPOSED AGREEMENT GIVES TO BOTH SIDES BEFORE SIGNING IT.— Remember that an arrangement as to a joint VOL, Ill. venture in any other kind of business whatever would be instantly refused should either party refuse to show the books or to let it be known what share he reserved for himself. —— Lirerary Acents.—Be very careful. You cannot be too careful as to the person whom you appoint as your agent. You place your property almost unreservedly in his hands. Your only safety is in consulting the Society, or some friend who has had personal experience of the agent. Sa Reapers of the Author are earnestly desired to make the following warnings as widely known as possible. They are based on the experience of seven years’ work upon thedangers to which literary property is exposed :— (1.) Never sign any agreement of which the alleged cost of production forms an integral part, until you have proved the figures. (2.) Never enter into any correspondence with publishers, especially with those who advertise for MSS., who are not recom- mended by experienced friends or by this Society. (3.) Never, on any account whatever, bind yourself down for future work to any- one. (4.) Nuver accept any proposal of royalty until you have ascertained what the agreement, worked out on both a small and a large sale, will give to the author and what to the publisher. (5.) Never accept any pecuniary risk or respon- sibility whatever without advice. (6.) Never, when a MS, has been refused by respectable houses, pay others, whatever x 2 268 promises they may put forward, for the production of the work. (7.) Never sign away foreign, which include American, rights. Keep them by special clause. Refuse to sign any agreement containing a clause which reserves them for the publisher. If the publisher insists, take away the MS. and offer it to another. (8.) Never sign any paper, either agreement or receipt, which gives away copyright, without advice. (9.) Keep control over the advertisements, if they affect your returns, by clause in the agreement. Reserve a veto. If you are yourself ignorant of the subject, make the Society your adviser. (10.) Never forget that publishing is a busi- ness, like any other business, totally un- connected with philanthropy, charity, or pure love of literature. You have to do with business men. Be yourself a business man. Society’s Offices :-— 4, Portugat Street, Linconn’s Inn FIevps. ee HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY. 1. Every member has a right to advice upon his agreements, his choice of a publisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his business or the administration of his property. If the advice sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member has a right to an opinion from the Society’s solicitors. If the case is such that counsel’s opinion is desirable, the Committee will obtain for him counsel’s opinion. All this with- out any cost to the member. 2. Remember that questions connected with copyright and publishers’ agreements are not generally within the experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually engaged upon such questions for us. 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books repre- sented. This is in order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agreements and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The secretary will always be glad to have any agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The information thus obtained may prove invaluable. THE AUTHOR. 4. If the examination of your previous business transactions by the Secretary proves unfavour- able, you should take advice as toa change of publishers. 5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the proposed form to the Society for examination. 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks, of every publishing firm in the country. Remember that there are certain houses which live entirely by trickery. 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of literature in promoting the inde- pendence of the writer. 8. Send to the Editor of the Author notes of everything important to literature that you may hear or meet with. ec THE AUTHORS’ SYNDICATE. R. Colles desires to inform readers of the N Author— 1. That the Authors’ Syndicate is now in a position to take charge in whole or in part of the business of members of the Society. With, when necessary, the assistance of the advisers of the Society, it will conclude agreements, collect royalties, examine and pass accounts, and, generally, relieve mem- bers of the trouble of managing business details. All accounts opened between the Syndicate and members are duly audited. 2. That the establishment expenses of the Authors’ Syndicate are defrayed entirely out of the commission charged on rights placed through its intervention. This varies, and must vary, according to the nature of the services rendered, but the charges are reduced to the lowest possible amount compatible with efficiency. Mean- while members will please accept this intimation that they are not entitled to the services of the Syndicate gratis, and when desirous of seeing Mr. Colles, they must write for an appointment. 3. That he undertakes to work for none but members of the Society.  THE AUTHOR. 4. That his business is not to advise members of the Society, but to manage their affairs for them if they please to entrust them to him. 5. That when he has any work in hand he must have it entirely in his own hands ; in other words, that authors must not ask him to place certain work, and then go about endeavouring to place it by themselves. 6. That when a MS. has been sent from pub- lisher to publisher, and from editor to editor, in vain, it is most likely impossible to place it. 7. That in the face of the present competition, authors will do well to moderate their expectations. There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in the Syndicate. To this it may be added, that where advice is sought, the Secretary of the Society, and not the Syndicate, must be consulted. NOTICES. ———— > HE Editor of the Author begs to remind members of the society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy charge on the resources of the society if a great many members did not forward to the secretary the modest: 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. Perhaps this reminder may be of use. With 850 members, besides the outside circulation of the paper, the Author ought to prove a source of revenue to the society. The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and communications on all subjects con- nected with literature from members and others. Nothing can do more good to the society than to make the Author complete, attractive, and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this work send their names and the special subjects on which they are willing to write ¢ 269 Communications for the Author should reach the editor not later than the 21st of each month. Ss All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate to the Editor any points connected with their work which it would be advisable in the general interest to publish. > Members and others who wish their MSS. read are requested not to send them to the Office with- out previously communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in which they are received. It must also be distinctly understood that the Society does not, under any circum- stances, undertake the publication of MSS. The Authors’ Club is now opened in temporary premises, at 17, St. James’s Place, St. James’s Street. Address the Secretary for information, rules of admission, &c. Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they have paid their subscriptions for the year? If they will do this, and remit the amount or a banker’s order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the trouble 5f sending out a reminder. Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the warning numbered (3). It is a most foolish and a most disastrous thing to bind yourself to anyone for a term of years. Let them ask them- selves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest ? Of course they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign themselves into literary bondage for three or five years ? se Those who possess the “Cost of Production” are requested to note that the cost of binding“has advanced 15 per cent. This means, for those who do not like the trouble of ‘‘doimg sums,” the addition of three shillings in the pound on this head. In other words, if the cost of binding is set down in our book at eight pounds, to this must now be added twenty-four shillings more, so that it now stands at £9 4s. The figures in our book are as near the exact truth as can be procured: but a printer’s, or a binder’s, bill is so elastic a thing that nothing more exact can be arrived at. THE 270 Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged in the “Cost of Production’”’ for advertising. Ofcourse, we have not included any suins which may be charged for inserting adver- tisements in the publisher’s own magazines, or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket, by inserting any number of advertisements in his own magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are who call this a form of fraud: it is not known what those who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it. secs THE ANNUAL MEETING. HE annual meeting of the Society was held aL on Thursday, Dec. 15th, in the hall of the Medical Association, Hanover-square. The chair was taken by Sir Frederick Pollock. The business of the meeting was formal except that an address was read by the retiring chairman on the history and progress of the Society since its foundation in the autumn of 1883. This address will be placed in the hands of every member of the Society. In these columns we need only quote passages. LireRARY PROPERTY, “ Now let us interrupt our history for a moment to say a word about literary property and its bearing upon the higher interests of literature. You have all observed, during the last few years, when we have been active in this direction, the constant stream of abuse, detraction, and wilful misrepresentation of our work that has been poured upon us continually. Chiefly we have been reviled for daring to ask what our own pro- perty means. This abuse shows, first, the hostility of those who desire to conceal and hush up the truth as regards the buying and selling of books. That is a matter of course: such hostility was to be expected, and, with all the misrepresentations that can be devised and invented, must be taken as part of the day’s work. It has been, as you perha;s know, a good part of my day’s work, during the last five years, to silence this opposition. I am happy to think that every such misrepresentation published in a newspaper or in a magazine has only resulted in an accession of new members and in an increase in public confidence. But, in addition to the opposition of interested persons, we have had to encounter a very unexpected and remarkable AUTHOR. opposition from those who ought to be our friends —certain authors and certain journalists. Into the history and motives and reason of this opposition I should like with your permission to inquire. “There has existed for a hundred and fifty years at least, and there still lingers among us, a feeling that it is unworthy the dignity of letters to take any account at all of the commercial or pecuniary side. No one, you will please to remark, has ever thought of reproaching the barrister, the solicitor, the physician, the surgeon, the painter, the sculptor, the actor, the singer, the musician, the composer, the architect, the chemist, the physicist, the engineer, the pro- fessor, the teacher, the clergyman, or any other kind of brain worker that one can mention, with taking fees or salaries or money for his work; nor does anyone reproach these men with looking after their fees and getting rich if they can. Nor does anyone suggest that to consider the subject of payment very carefully—to take ordinary precautions against dishonesty—brings discredit on anyone who does so; nor does any- one call that barrister unworthy of the Bar who expects large fees in proportion to his name and his ability; nor does anyone call that painter a tradesman whose price advances with his reputation. I beg you to consider this poit very carefully. For the moment any author begins to make practical investigation into the value—the monetary value—of the work which he puts upon the market—a hundred voices arise, from those of his own craft as well as from those who live by administering his pro- perty—voices which cry out upon the sordidness, the meanness, the degradation of turning lite- rature into a trade. We hear, I say, this kind of talk from our own ranks—though, one must own, chiefly from those who never had an oppor- tunity of discovermg what literary property means. Does, I ask, this cry mean anything at all? Well: first of all, it manifestly means a confusion of ideas. There are two values of literary work—distinct, separate; not commen- surable—they cannot be measured—they cannot be considered together. The one is the literary value of a work—its artistic, poetic, dramatic value; its value of accuracy, of construction, of presentation, of novelty, of style, of magnetism. On that value is based the real position of every writer in his own generation, and the estimate of him, should he survive, for generations to follow. Ido not greatly blame those who cry out upon the connection of literature with trade: they are jealous, and rightly jealous, for the honour of letiers. We will acknowledge so much. But the confusion lies in not understanding that every  THE AUTHOR. man who takes money for whatever he makes or does may be regarded—not offensively—as a tradesman ; that the making of a thing need have nothing whatever to do with the price it will command; and that this price in the case of a book cannot be measured by the literary or artistic value. “Tn other words, while an artist is at work upon a poem, a drama, or a romance, this aspect of his work, and this alone, is in his mind, other- wise his work would be naught. “ But, once finished and ready for production, then comes in the other value—the commercial value, which is a distinct thing. Here the artist ceases and the man of business begins. Hither the man of business begins at this point or the next steps of that artist infallibly bring him to disaster, or at least the partial loss of that com- mercial value. Remember that any man who has to sell a thing must make himself acquainted with its value, or he will be—what? Call it what you please—over-reached, deluded, cheated. That is a recognised rule in every other kind of business. Let us do our best to make it recog- nised in our own. “ Apart from this confusion of ideas between literary and commercial value, there is another and a secondary reason for this feeling. For two hundred years, at least, contempt of every kind has been poured upon the literary hack, who is, poor wretch, the unsuccessful author. Why? We do not pour contempt upon the unsuccessful painter who has to make the pot boil with pic- tures at 15s. each. Clive Newcome came down to that, and a very pitiful, tearful scene it is—full of pity and of tears. If he had beena literary hack, where would have been the pity and the tears? In my experience at the Society, I have come across many most pitiful cases, where the man who has failed must lead a life which is one long tragedy cf grinding, miserable, nnderpaid work, with no hope and no relief possible. One long tragedy of endurance and hardship. I am not accusing anyone ; I call no names ; very likely such a man gets all he deserves; his are the poor wages of incompetence; his is the servitude of the lowest work ; his is the contumely of hopeless poverty; his is the derision of the critic. But we laugh at such a wretch, and call him a literary hack. Why, I ask, whenwe pity the unsuccessful in every other line, do we laugh at and despise the unsuccessful author ¥ “ Once more, this contempt—treal or pretended —for money. What does it mean? Sir Walter Scott did not despise the income which he made by his books; nor did Byron; nor did Dickens, Thackeray, George Eliot, Charles Reade, Wilkie Collins, Macaulay—nor, in fact, any single man 271 or woman in the history of letters who has ever succeeded. This pretended contempt, then, does it belong to those who have not succeeded? It is sometimes assumed by them; more often one finds it in articles written for certain papers by sentimental ladies whoare not authors. Wherever it is found, it is always lingering somewhere— always we come upon this feelmg, ridiculous, senseless, and baseless—that it is beneath the dignity of an author to manage his business matters as a man of business should, with the same regard for equity in his agreement, the same resolution to know what is meant by both sides of an agreement, and the same jealousy as to assigning the administration of his property. “Again, how did the contempt arise? It came to us as a heritage of the last century. In the course of our investigations into the history of literary property—the result of which will, I hope, appear some day in volume form—I recently caused a research to be made into the business side of literature in the last century. Publishers were not then men of education and knowledge, as many of them are at the present moment; they were not advised by scholars, men of taste and intuition; the market, compared with that of the present day, was inconceivably small; there were great risks due to all these causes. The practice, therefore, was, in view of these risks, to pay the author so much for his book right out, and to expect a successful book to balance, and more than balance, one that was unsuccessful. Therefore they bought the books they published at the lowest price they could persuade the author to accept. Therefore—the conclusion follows like the next line in Euclid— the author began to appear to the popular imagi- nation as a suppliant, standing hat in hand beseeching the generosity of the bookseller. Physician and barrister stood upright, taking the recognised fee. The author bent a humble back, holding his hat in one humble hand, while he held out the other humble hand for as many guineas as he could get. That, I say, was the popular view of the author. And it still lmgers among us. There are also, in other callings, if we think of it, other professional contempts. Everybody ac- knowledges that teaching is a noble work, but everybody formerly despised the schoolmaster because he was always flogging boys—no imagi- nation can regard with honour and envy the man who is all day long caning and flogging. The law is a noble study, but everybody formerly despised the attorney, with whom the barrister would neither shake hands nor sit at table. Medicine is a noble study, but the surgeon was formerly despised because in former days he was closely connected with the barber. Do not let us THE 272 be surprised, therefore, if the author who had to take whatever was given him came to be regarded as a poor helpless suppliant. “The kind of language even now sometimes used illustrates a lingering of the old feeling. We constantly read here and there of the generosity of a publisher. My friends, let us henceforth resolve to insist that we do not want their generosity ; that we will not have it; that we are not beggars and suppliants, and that what we want is the administration of our own pro- perty—or its purchase—on fair, just, and honour- able terms. Let us remember that the so-called generosity must be either a dole—an alms—over and above his just claim, in which case it degrades the author to take it and robs the publisher who gives it; or it is a payment under the just value, when it degrades the publisher who gives, while it robs the author who takes it.” ImpRoVEMENT IN PusiisHinc Mernops. “T am now quite certain, and I advance the statement with great satisfaction, that very con- siderable improvement has taken place of late in respect to these methods: solely—mind—in con- sequence of the action of the Society. We have brought no criminal action against anyone. This fact is due less to our own wishes than to the extreme unwillingness of the victims to prosecute. Better, however, than any criminal prosecution has been the publication of the facts. These have awakened a certain amount of public opinion upon the subject: they have made authors suspicious— now suspicion is itself a power; and unscrupulous persons dread nothing so much as publicity of their methods. Moreover, the Society, it is known, has been large:y instrumental in keeping authors out of bad hands. The greatest encourage- ment to virtue is to make its culture and practice profitable. As regards one house guilty of many corrupt things, we were so “abundantly blessed” that in two or three years, as has been told me by our secretary, we were able to keep some thousands of pounds’ worth of work out of their hands. And as regards another house, which proposes to those who go there a form of agreement that is a mockery of the human understanding, our secretary only a few weeks ago kept away three victims in one week, This method of carrying on war these people do not like, and the wider the publicity we give tu their practices; the greater the suspicion we awaken ; the more they find their cdientéle diminish ; the more honest they become. Our weapons, indeed, are more certain than any court of law—that can punish ; we can prevent. There are other considerations that make strongly for us. For instance, when a man has reached a certain social level, he no longer AUTHOR. likes to do things which may be detected and exposed, though he might have gone on doing them so long as there was no danger of their being exposed. And, again, there are things— fraudulent things—which get introduced bit by bit, and become gradually reconciled to the conscience until they are assumed to be right and proper—the true interpretation of an agree. ment—the custom of the trade—and so forth— when these things are set forth in their true light, and exposed and held up to view for the public derision, and it is perceived that they can no longer be defended—then all those men who respect themselves and desire the public respect make haste to abandon these practices. In this way, and without going into court more than once or twice, though in a great many instances an action has been proposed as an alternative, we have succeeded, not only in procuring substantial justice in. many cases for our clients, but we have also done a great deal to put a stop to the former prevalent abuses. ‘Another point in our favour has been the extreme moderation of our demands. We have claimed, in fact, so far, only three points: (1) that we must have the right of audit; (2) that in any agreement based on ro alties we must know what the agreement gives to either side; and (3) that there must be no secret profits, which are fraudulent. Imagine, if you can, two men in the City venturing on a joint enterprise, and one of the partners—the managing partner—refusing these conditions! You cannot imagine such a thing. It is impossible to imagine such a thing. Such a man would be stamped, at once, as one who intended to overreach and cheat his partner.” Extent oF Literary Property. “We have also made a careful and prolonged inquiry into the very difficult subject of the present nature and extent of literary property. By the passing of the American International Copyright Act a writer of importance now ad- dresses an audience drawn from a _ hundred million of English-speaking people. Remember that never before in the history ot the world has there been such an audience. Taere were doubt- less more than a hnndred millions under the Roman rule round the shores of the Mediter- ranean, but they spoke many different languages. We have now this enormous multitude, all, with very few exceptions, able to read, and all reading. Twenty years ago they read the weekly paper; there are many who still read nothing more. Now that no longer satisfies the majority. Every day makes it plainer and clearer that we have arrived at a time when the whole of this multitude, which in fifty years time will be two hundred millions,  THE will be reading books. What kind of books? All kinds, good and bad, but mostly good ; they will prefer good books to bad. Even now the direct road to popularity is by dramatic strength, clear vision, clear dialogue—and this, whether a man write a play, a poem, a history, or a novel. We see such a magazine as the Strand suddenly achieving a circulation reckoned by hundreds of thousands while our old magazines creep along with a circulation of—what? Two thousand ?— Five thousand? Ten thousand? How is this popularity achieved? By pandering to the low, gross, coarse taste commonly attributed to the multitude? Not at all. But by giving them dramatic work—stories which hold and interest them—essays which speak clearly—work that somehow seems to have a message. If we want a formula or golden rule for arriving at popu- larity, I should propose this. ‘Let the work havea message. Let it havea thing to say, a story to tell, a Man or Woman to present, a lesson to deliver, clear, strong, unmistakable.’ “The demand for reading, then, is enormous, and it increases every day. I see plainly—as plainly as eyes can see—a time—it is even now already upon us—when the popular writer—the novelist—the poet, the dramatist, the historian, the physicist, the essayist—will command such an audience—so vast an audience—as he has never yet even conceived as possible. Such a writer as Dickens, if he were living now, would command an audience—-all of whom would buy his works—of twenty millions at least. The world has never yet witnessed such a popularity—so wide spread —as awaits the successor of Dickens in the affections of the English-speaking races. This consideration must surely encourage us to perse- vere in our endeavours after the independence of our calling! And do not think that this enormous demand is for fiction alone. One of the things charged upon us is that we exist for novelists alone. That is because literary property is not yet understood atall. As a fact educational literature is a much larger branch than fiction. But for science, history—everything—except, perhaps poetry—the demand is leaping forward year after year In a most surprising manner. Now, im order to meet this enormous demand, which has actually begun and will increase more and more—a claim which we alone can meet and satisfy—I say that we must demand and that we must have a read- justment of the old machinery—a reconsideration of the old methods—a new appeal to principles of equity and fair play.’’ WHAT HAS BEEN DONE. “To sum up, we have reduced our Copyright Law from chaos to order; we have investigated VOL. III, AUTHOR. 273 and made public the various Methods of Publish- ing, and have shown what each means; we have placed in the hands of every author the means of ascertaining for himself what his property may mean: we have examined and exposed the facts connected with the Civil Pension List; we have stopped an attempt to keep novelists out of that List ; we have established a central office where a Bureau for information and advice of all kinds is freely given; we bring for the first time authors together at our annual réunion ; we have estab- lished a journal for the carrying out of our own purposes, and the record of facts connected with these purposes; we have so far eained the con- fidence of men and women of letters that we have enlisted 900 members, among whom are nearly all the leading men and women in every single branch of letters. That is, I submit, something to have done. Besides these things, which are real achievements to which we may fairly point with pride, there are off-sets, independent branches of our work, not coutrolled by the Committee. There is the Authors’ Club, now fairly established, and in a most hopeful condition ; there is the Writers’ Club for ladies, also, { believe, in a flourishing condition; there is the Authors’ Syndicate, which undertakes to take all the trouble of your business affairs off your hands.” Tur FUTURE oF THE SOCIETY. “What do we intend to do in the future? Here I must speak for myself. I cannot speak for the council, but I should like to tell you what I personally hope will be the development of the society. First, I look for the enlargement of the society to four times, ten times its present numbers. Every one who writes—the journalists who lead the thought of the world—the teachers of all kinds—the scientific men, the medical men, the theologians, the creators in imaginative work—every one who writes a single book should consider it his duty to belong to us. With this extension of our numbers we shall create funds for special purposes, for fighting actions if neces- sary. There are certain disputed points which can only be settled in the courts. We shall give our journal wider aims; we shall give it, even while it continues to be the organ for the Defence of Literary property, a more literary character. We shall also, which I should very much like to see, establish an Institute akin to the Law Institute—it might be called the Authors’ House —which should be a place where members might find books of reference, and a place for quiet work, where they could consult the officers of the Society, and each other—the head-quarters, in short, of our members, 274 THE The next thing that I want—even more than the Tn: titute—is a Pension Fund. That, I see plainly, is above all to be desired. I want a Pension Fund such as that which the Socicté de Gens de Lettres, in Paris, has established, where every one in his turn receives a pension, which is not a dole or a charity, but a right. The member is not obliged to take that pension: if he chooses he can refuse it—then it gves to swell the pensions of those who want the assistance. We have been too much occupied during these last years for this Fund to be so much as started. Perhaps, however, the committee may see their way at no distant period to attempt the thing. A Pension Fund is abso- lutely necessary for the completion of the Independence of Literature. “T am also very much of opinion—an opinion in which I confess that I am not joined by all my colleagues of the council—that an Academy of our own, not a slavish copy of the French Academy, might prove of great service to our literature. I will not now stop to explain why I think so. I wish only to place on record the fact that I do think so. “‘T have also, on several oc asions, stated an opinion that the national distinctions should be as much open to men and women of letters as they are to soldiers and lawyers and engineers. Here, again, I have not been able to carry with me all my colleagues. I will therefore only remind you that the people of every country are accustomed to consider those men and women worthy of honour whom the State honours, and those men and women unworthy of honour whom the State refuses to honour. I will also remind you that it is very good for the people to honour Literature. But in this country men and women of letters are not honoured by the State. The conclusion seems to me to be obvious. I ask your permission to place on record the opinion I have myself formed. “T desire, next, that the Society should be officially recognised as the head-quarters of the literary calling, as the Royal Academy of Arts, the College of Physicians, the College of Surgeons, the Institute of Civil Engineers, are recognised. Hitherto that has not been done. I think we ought to endeavour, in every way possible, to obtain this recognition. With it should come the registration of book, the registration of titles, and all the official acts connected with literature. Especially I think that the Society should be officially consulted in the administration of that part of the Civil Pension List which belongs to literature.” Some CHARACTERISTICS OF LitpRARY MEN. “During this intimate experience of our craft, which it has been my, singular privilege to AUTHOR. enjoy, it is reasonable that I should make certain observations onauthors as acompany or profession, I trust that I shall not give any offence by offering to you some of these observations. I have found, then, among literary men and women, a very curious timidity, even among the successful. It is that kind of timidity which, I think, belongs to a profession whose position is not recognised, its emoluments not defined, and its rewards capricious. Authors are, as a body, timid. They are also suspicious; it has been found, for instance, extremely difficult to persuade some of them that the Society has no secret and selfish objects at heart. It is, therefore, with great unwillingness that they disclose their agree- ments, and produce their accounts. Again, great jealousy of each other prevails, and seems tradi- tional. The jealousy of authors towards each oth. r is, as a fact, most unreasonable. It ought to be removed by the simple consideration that no man can write in a year what cannot be read in a week, which gives fifty-one weeks for other wr.ters. It has been charged upon men and women of letters that they are avid of praise. Iam sure that the charge is quite true; but that can equally be said of any other pro- fession. To desire honour is to desire excellence. Men of letzers, again, have been accused of being ready at all times to stick knives in each other’s backs. This charge may, have been true once, but it can hardly be alleged at the present day. Those authors of any position who still find delight in abusing and scarifying each other are very few. They are not extinct; but I think we may fairly say that they are very rare. What, in fact, does it matter to a writer of position whether a certain popular author is worthy of his popularity. Time—a very short time — will determine his position in the world of letters. Meanwhile, let us leave him to those who are critics by profession. “T think that we ought to imitate, in the matter of criticism, the professional etiquette of the Bar, which compels the outward forms of respect between lawyers. It should be held dis- graceful in an author to “slate,’”’ and revile, and depreciate another. There is one charge, how- ever, which is distinctly true. It is that of being bad at business. I am quite certain that there cannot be any body of men worse over their own affairs than literary men. Publishers tell strange stories on this point. I could tell you strange stories. Just as they are sometimes blind to their own interests, so they are sometimes blind to their own duties. Ihave heard, for instance, of authors who have engaged anagent to conduct their affairs, and then have gone behind that agent’s back, and left him in the lurch, not, I «  THE am sure, with intent to avoid their obligations to the man who had worked for them, but in pure ignorance of theirengagements. It is sometimes, we must sorrowfully admit, as if there were not only no capacity of looking after own affairs, but no perception of obligation towards those who work for one. I have even known cases in which an author could not be made to understand that those who work for him must be paid. Happily, these cases are very rare. The fraudulent a :thor, as was pointed out in our journal the other day, cannot, as a rule, exist. The facts of the case compel honesty, whether he would or would not. Timidity, jealousy, suspicion—these are the three most common vices of the literary craft. They combine —all three together—to make it the more difficult for us to unite for purposes of self-defence. However, only to recognise these difficulties —these qualities— may be the first step to overcoming them. And, indeed, we have, of late years, done so much towards union that we ought to be very hopeful as regards the future.” WHAT CAN EACH MEMBER DO? “Such and such we have done, such and such we are doing for you, our members—what will you do or yourselves ? “Youcan, if you will,dosomuch. You can openly show your active sympathies with our work. Do, especially, what we ask you to do every month. Send us your past and your present agreements, in order to increase the accumulated knowledge of the Society; refuse to sign an agreement until it has been examined at the office; refuse, which you can do very well if you are a successful author, to accept any agreement unless the clauses are fair and reasonable; find out at our office whether your proposed publisher is a right person to be entrusted with your property; enlist new members everywhere; attend to our warnings, and spread them abroad. Send information of all kinds toour Journal. In fat, if we were not helped by you in this way, we might dissolve ; but we have already kindled a flame that you will not suffer to be extinguished. Not only your own self-interest—which I do not calla sordid consideration at all—is concerned in the advance and prosperity of our Society, but your desire for righteousness—your hatred of servility—your love of independence—your sense of duty towards those who come after us and will reap the harvest of our labours,—all these things are working together for our cause. and for our prosperity. The time has now surely come when we ought to call upon you for a more active co-operation. Work for us—work with us—in the full confidence that you are working for yourselves.” VOL. Ill. AUTHOR. 275 LITERARY PROPERTY. i. Re CanapIaN CopyRicHt. T present copyright in Canada, so far as concerns British authors, is governed by the Imperial Act (5 & 6 Vict. c. 45) as modified by the Modern Reprints Act (10 & 11 Vict. ¢. 95) and the Canadian Copyright Act, 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. ¢. 53). The effect of these Acts may shortly be stated as follows:—Under the Foreign Reprints Act and the Order in Council issued thereunder, pirated copies of copyright works are admitted into Canada upon paying an ad valorem duty ; but, as is well known, the duties are practically never collected, and the compensation suppused to be given to authors is wholly illusory. Under the Canadian Copyright Act, however, authors can, by republishing their works in Canada (whether simultaneously with or at any time after publication elsewhere), and registering the same, obtain Canadian copyright, and exclude the operation of the Foreign Reprints Act. The Act of 1875 is, I think, on the whole, as favourable a one as can be expected, having regard to the claims made on behalf of the Canadian public and publishers. It has not, however, I believe, as yet been taken advantage of to any great extent by English authors; but the difficulty has, I believe, been, so to speak, a geographical one, that is to say, it has been impossible owing to tne position of Canada, either to make the pirated American editions pay duty under the Foreign Reprints Act, or keep them out under the Act of 1875. It appears to me, however, that the recent United States Copyright Act should, to a great extent, remove this difficulty, and that English authors should now be able 10 obtain the benefit of the circula- tion of their books in Canada if the provisions of the Act of 1875 can be maintained. At all events it is not, I imagine, likely that they will be able to obtain any more favourable terms. It remains to be considered how far the position of British authors will be prejudiced by the proposed Cana- dian statute if it is allowed to come into force. The first question is whether the statute would operate as a repeal of the Imperial Act so far as regards Canada. In the absence of any pro- vision to that effect in the Act authorising its proclamation, I do not think it would have that effect, but if a British author did not comply with the provisions of the Canadian Act, his copy- right under 5 & 6 Vict. ¢. 45, would be subject to the licensing provisions of the Canadian Act. The y 2 THE AUTHOR. point should, however, be definitely settled by some express provision. The next question is as to the terms upon which Canadian copyright is to be secured. These are (1) registration either before or simultaneously with first publication whether in Canada or else- where, and (2) reprinting and republishing in Canada within one month. Both of these con- ditions appear to be opposed to the principles adopted by the Berne Convention and approved by the English Government. As to the registra- tion it is to be observed that, under the Act of 1886, registration in a colony is recognised as sufficient to secure copyright throughout the British Dominions, and it is hard to see why British authors should be required to register in Canada. At all events, the same period should be allowed for registration as for republication, especially if copies of the work are to be deposited. As to reprinting and republishing, it would probably be useless to attempt to do away with this condition altogether, but I think that an endeavour should be made to extend the period within which reprinting and republishing must take place, though no doubt the Canadians will justify themselves by reference to the provisions of the United States Copyright Act. With regard to the licensing provisions of sections 3 and 4, it appears to me that if exclusive, instead of non-exclusive, licences were to be granted, many of the present objections to these pro- visions would be removed. The collection of the royalties would, I think, be much easier, whilst the publisher would be free from the danger of being undersold directly a work had been brought out at considerable expense began to sell, and he would therefore be more ready to bring out valuable and expensive works, which would be to the advantage of the public. In any case I think that the author should be able to take pro- ceedings against the licensees if he is dissatisfied with the Government returns of royalties, but I am unable to suggest any means by which the due collection of royalties can be easily secured under a non-exclusive licensing system. Of course it should be seen that a provision similar to sect. 4 of 38 & 39 Vict. ¢. 53, prohibiting the importation of Canadian reprints into the United Kingdom is inserted in any Imperial Act authorising the pro- clamation of the Canadian statute. I can hardly imagine that the statute is intended to be retro- spective ; but, if it is not, [do not understand to what sub-sections 3 & 4 of sect. 5 of the Act of 1875, as amended by the proposed statute are intended to apply, and I think it would be as well that it should be made clear that the statute is not in fact retrospective. Another point I think which should, if possible be made clear is that the author should be entitled, in the event of licences being issued under sect. 3, to take pro. ceedings against unlicensed reprints; I think he probably would be able to do so as the matter stands, but the pointis not free from doubt. The above are the principal points which occur to me in connection with the proposed statute, and if, as I understand is the case, the matter is still before Government, the Society might ] think properly make representations with regard to them. They may be summarised as follows : 1. The proposed statute is entirely contrary to the provisions of the Berne Convention and the Imperial Act of 1886. Ifit is allowed to come into force it would seem that Canada must be excluded from the Convention. On principle, therefore, the statute should not be allowed; but, if for any reason it is considered that exceptional legislation is required for Canada, the following points arise in the interests of British authors. 2. Copyright under 5 & 6 Vict. ¢. 45, should be expressly reserved subject only to the licensing provisions of the statute. 3. Hither registration in the United Kingdom should be sufficient or the same period should be allowed for registering in Canada as for re- publication. 4. That one month is not a sufficient period to allow for the republication of works first pub- lished in the United Kingdom. : 5. That ifa licensing system is to be introduced the licences granted should be exclusive. 6. Thatin any case authors should be entitled to take proceedings against licensees for royalties if dissatisfied with Government returns. 7. That Canadian reprints should not be allowed to be imported into the United Kingdom. 8. That it should be made clear that the statute ls not retrospective, and g. That authors should be expressly empowered to take proceedings in respect of unlicensed reprints. J. Rout, 3, New-square, Lincoln’s-inn, W.C. Novy. 22, 1892. IT, Conrrisutors’ REMUNERATION, { should like to add to my brief note in the last number that when I spoke of a contract to pay at the usual rate being im- ferred in the absence of express agreement, I meant to assume that the usual rate was reason- able. As matter of law the agreement, if not defined by the parties, is to pay a reasonable recompense, @.e. what a jury (or judge if there  THE be no jury), may find to be reasonable in all the circumstances. In ordinary cases, and where business is con- ducted in good faith, what is usual is the best measure of what is reasonable. But aman may not offer an obviously inadequate recompense for work of any kind, literary or other (not having been expressly agreed to), on the pretext that so much and no more is what he usually gives. In exceptional, but only in exceptional cases, the work may be on the face of it of such peculiar value (by reason of the writer’s fame, special competence, &c.), that more than the usual rate may be required as reasonable even without express previous agreement. It is however far from easy to fix how much more, though evidence of practice in other like cases may be some guide. The only safe way for both parties is a clear understanding beforehand. BE EEL MaGaziInes AND CoPpYRIGHT. I submit that it is beyond question that the draughtsman of sect. 18 of 5 & 6 Vict. c 45, had not in his mind, when drawing it, the ordinary case of a contributor posting a story or article to a periodical, and, after seeing it in print, receiving a cheque, no other communica- tion passing between the writer and editor. I further submit that the question whether the language of the section covers such a transaction, though not primarily intended to do so, is a diffl- cult and an open one, and one which has never yet been even satisfactorily discussed. I have read your note in the Author for November and that of “J.” in the December number. No mention has hitherto been made of the only case (as far as T can discover) on the subject, that of Browne vy. Cooke (16 Law Jour., Chancery, p. 40): in that case the dispute was between the Medical Gazette and certain persons alleged to have pirated their articles, and the Medical Gazette failed, the affidavits not showing that the pro- prietors had paid for the articles in question. The case, therefore, seems to have been decided on what was almost a technical point, and the authors do not appear to have been either repre- sented or directly interested in establishing their rights. There is, however, an obiter dictum of the Vice- Chancellor at page 142, which supports your view, for, in answer to something which had been said by the court, Mr. Bethell (afterwards Lord Westbury) suggested “. then if I sent to the Quarterly an article written by me which is paid for, it would confer no copyright, because, AUTHOR. 277 according to the language of the Act, there has been no antecedent employment of me.” The Vice-Chancellor replied: “I am not observing upon that, because I conceive that the payment is evidence of a thing at least tantamount to the employment ; I am not putting it in that way.” This was said in 1846, and the Vice-Chancellor took no notice of the words of the section, which speak not only of employment but of ‘“ employ- ment on the terms that the copyright therem shall belong to such proprietor,” &c. I, myself, lean to “J.’s” interpretation of the law ; from my own experience I know that publishers and editors take varying views, usually adopting yours, and I fancy that if a case were fought on the subject, evidence of trade customs might become material. Such a case, however, would, I believe, raise a question of interest to many authors; a question hitherto obscure, and one which would hardly be answered conclusively until it had come under the consideration of their Lordships of the upper House. I beg very strongly to urge upon those respon- sible for the copyright bill now before Parliament the possibility of dealing with the matter in a short clause, declaring the copyright in such cases to remain in the author, the right of the publisher being merely a licence to publish. E. A. ARMSTRONG. IV. WALTER Uv. STEINKOPFF. From the “Notes” of the Law Quarterly Review, Jan. 1893 :— It is perhaps arash thing to say of any judgment covering nearly eight pages of print that it is a faultless exposition of the law. But the judgment of North, J.in Walter v. Steinkopff, ’92 (3 Ch. 489), seems as near perfection both in law and in literary common sense as any deliverance of a human and therefore fallible judge can be. There is no copyright in published information as such. “ But there is or may be copyright in the particular forms of language or modes of expression by which information is conveyed, and not the less so because the information may be with respect to the current events of the day.” If the retailer of other people’s news cannot convey the substance of the news without “ conveying” (as the “ wise it call”) the form also, so much the worse for him. People are apt to forget that there is no positive, much less paramount, right to do all things in themselves lawful or not forbidden. The right, or rather liberty, is to do them without infringement of our fellow-subject’s right. It might be a curious speculative question whether, if the doctrine of copyright at common law had prevailed, a strong argument might not have been framed for an analo- gous right of quasi-property in news or other novel infor- mation. But, as such a natural right would have, appa- rently, no limit in time, it is hard to see how it could be made compatible with recent history being written or publicly discussed at all. Special correspondents, on the other hand, would be rich beyond the dreams of avarice. 278 Y. Stamp your AGREEMENTS. Here is a case which may interest some of your readers. Some time ago I sent a short story to one of the weeklies, and, in reply toa letier from the editor, stated my terms; the story was printed. That was the only answer. A month later I wrote for a cheque, and received one for a guinea, just a quarter the amount for which I had stipulated As remonstrance proved useless, I carried the matter into court. The defence took me by surprise, the editor pleaded that he had paid me at his usual rate, and that as I had no stamped agreement, I could not claim more ; and now comes the curious part or the affair. If he had written accepting my terms, and if I had neglected to get the letter stamped, I should have lost my case ; but he had not written, therefore, the publication of the story completed the contract, and no stamp was required. So the defence fell to the ground. And here I wou'd ask, does not the necessity of having every little agreement stamped press very unfairly upon all who write? If every letter from an editor, agreeing to take a short story on cer- tain terms must be stamped, an author has to pay a heavy tax upoa every day’s work he does. It is not merely the money, bu* also the time and trouble of going to Somerset House. I know that the secretary of the Society of Authors kindly underiakes to do this, but, if every member took advantage of the offer, he would have nothing else tv do. D. [Our correspondent supposes a literary activity quite impossible. If every member sent all his agreements to the secretary the work would take a very small part of the day.—Eb. | VI. INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT. A nearly exact copy of‘ King Solomon’s Mines,” without the author’s :eave, is at present being published in French in a weekly paper called Les Annales Politiques et Littéraires at 15, Rue Saint Georges, Paris. An editorial note from that paper which appeared on Oct. 2 runs :— “* Ta Reine de Saba,’ par Alfred de Sauveniére. “Ce récit est imit¢é d’un roman anglais de M. Rider Haggard, qui s’est vendu en Angleterre et en Amérique a plus de trois cent mille exem- plaires, et qui a valu 4 son auteur une universelle renommée. “M. Alf ed de Sauveniere s’est inspiré de Vouvrage original, mais il l’a accomodé au tem- THE AUTHOR. prament et au goit francais, et l’a allégé de quelques digressions et développements inutiles, ‘“‘L’action de la ‘Reine de Saba’ se déroule dans les contrées mysterieuses de l’intérieur de PAirique; elle transporte le lecteur au milieu dun pays barbare, demeuré stationnaire depuis des siécles, soustrait au contact des civilisations européennes, et rempli @’incalculables richesses. “Au moment ow sous les regards se tournent vers ce continent, et suivent les efforts accomplis par nos soldats, nous avons pensé qu’un tel roman, mouvementé, rapide et dramatique exci- terait une vive curiosité et serait accueilli avec faveur.” SS VII. INJURING THE SALE. As bearing upon the discussion of libellous reviews now proceeding in the Author, the follow- ing extract from the letters of Darwin seem very pertinent. “ The botanists praise my orchid-book to the skies. The treats me with very lind pity and contempt; but the reviewer knows nothing of his subject. . . Whe will hinder the sale greatly.” (June, 1862.) “‘T have no idea who wrote the review in the (on the ‘Descent of Man’). He has no know- lege of science, and seems to me a wind-bag full of metaphysics and classics, so that I do not much regard his adverse judgment, though I suppose it will injure the sale.” (April, 1871.) Now, it appears to me that in cases such as these an action claiming damages for libel should at once be brought. We have the statements of ' Darwin (1) that the reviewer is ignorant of his subject, while, nevertheless, be pronounces a scathing judgment upon an author’s work; and (2) that such criticism will injure the sale. Both these statements might be established ina few minutes in a court of law, and 1t would seem clear that the aggrieved author would receive damages. A few such actions would do invaluable service to literature (both to authors and to readers) by rendering reviewers and critics careful to make their remarks appropriately fair and honest, and by frightening them from presuming to lay down the law concerning subjects of which they are utterly ignorant. VIII. AMERICAN CopyricHt In New EDITIONS. In response to your correspondent’s inquiry respecting the power of copyrighting a new and amended edition of an English book which, in  THE ._ AUTHOR. its original form, has been pirated in America previous to the passing of the Act of 1891, I venture to express the belief that the provisions of the statute sufficiently cover such a case. The words of the Act (clause 5) are these: “The proprietor of every copyright book, or other article, shall deliver at the office of the librarian of Congress a copy of every subsequent edition where any substantial changes shall be made: Provided, h wever, that the alterations, revisions, and additions made to books by foreign authors, heretofore published, of which new editions shall appear subsequently to the taking effect of this Act. shall be held and deemed capable of being copyrighted as above pro- vided for in this Act, unless they form a part of the series in course of publication at the time this Act shall take effect.” Apam W. Brack. 2ecs VICTORY. With all his soul he loves her still, His soul is master of his will; He loves too well to work her ill! Just for a glance from those rare eyes Wherein such subtle magic lies Fain would he forfeit Paradise ! Just for a coil of that bright hair That sweeps her brow—a golden snare— The darkest peril he would dare. Just for one pressure of those lips, Whence bees might take their sweetest sips, Fain would he suffer Life’s eclipse. And yet this yearning—this desire To hold her—this consuming fire Is kept in thrall by something higher! That which he has of the Divine Within him, doth his soul incline To say: “I may not make her mine!” She loves him next to God—she deems Her Love the Hero that he seems; At night he comes to her in dreams. Her virgin breast is all aglow With purity he cannot know, So he will nobly let her go! One stormy eve he steals away, Victorious in the bloodless fray ; He passes with the passing day. His agony he may not tell, Even to her—his Christabel— He leaves a tenderest farewell. She, like a bird with broken wing, Will creep apart—a stricken thing— For Life has nothing more to bring! She in a convent’s holy calm For her deep wound will find a balm ; Above he’ll wear the Victor’s Palm ! F. B. DovEToN. 279 “VERY INACCURATE AND VERY UNRELIABLE.” TR. HEINEMANN, in the Atheneum of IN Dec. 3, 1892, labels the handbooks of the Society of Authors as “ very inac- curate and very unreliable.’”’” May I point out that the epithets have been unduly bestowed ? Literature and the Pension List-——The author said in his preface: ‘‘I have reprinted verbatim the official lists of pensions from the commence- ment, with the reasons assigned for each ap- pointment and the amount.”’ Does Mr. Heine- mann mean that he disbelieves this? Or does he mean that the official lists were, in his opinion, “very inaccurate and very unreliable.” La Société des Gens de Lettres—The facts concerning the French institution were derived from their own papers, courteously supplied to our delegates by their officials. Mr. Edmund Gosse who had previously written on our sister association in the Nineteenth Century, kindly allowed the Author to quote from his article, and read the proofs. Is it the translation that Mr. Heinemann mistrusts? Or some few anecdotes concerning certain eminent French authors? Or does he mean that the original prospectuses were, in his opinion, “ very inaccurate and very unreliable.’’ The Methods of Publishing.--The author im- plied in the preface to the first edition, that all the documents used in illustration of the methods discussed were genume—real letters between authors and publishers, and real agreements under which publication took place, or, at any rate, was proposed. At the end of this book this is said. Does Mr. Heinemann mean that he disbelieves it? 1 can think of no other way in which the book could be “very inaccurate and very unreliable,” and hasten to assure the Society, for whom and at whose expense the work was done, that what I said was true. The Cost of Production.The preliminary statement of the compilers ran—‘‘the estimates here contained have been carefully prepared for the society and examined by three first-class firms of printers.”” Does Mr. Heinemann mean that he disbelieves this? Or does he mean that all first-class printers are ‘‘ very inaccurate and very unreliable.” Surely neither! Surely he means that he finds that, in detail, some of our figures do not agree with some of his. That is not a sufficient reason for miscalling our pamphlet. Our own printers did not agree in their separate esti- mates in any singledetail; while the wages of SIE SIA 5 re: i a eo THE 280 those engaged in the different branches of trade are subject to constant fluctuation, entailing a constant alteration in prices. The work gives the average cost of works of ordinary shape and style. It pretends to do no more, and the fact that here and there 15 per cent. above or below its figures may be paid does not affect its utility. These estimates do not include the publishers’ work- ing expenses. This omission Mr. Heinemann finds “ deliciousinits airiness.” No. Those expenses are not included. Nor is the cost of the author’s pens, nor his stationer’s bill, nor his type-writer’s bill, nor any bill that is his. Mr. Heinemann has not had leisure to read the introductory chapter to the handbook that he finds “ very inaccurate and very unreliable, or he would understand that both sets of omission are legitimate. While I feel hound to object to the adjectives thit Mr. Heinemann has employed towards one section of our work, I should be churlish indeed if I did not recognise the friendship of his other remarks about the Society of Authors. S. S. Spriece. THE “AUTHOR” AND THE “BOOKSELLER.” ————— > HE following is from the New Vork Tribune (Nov. 24, 1892): Other points occur, but let us come at once to the main point, which is this. I give it in the form of a quotation from the Bookseller : “The driving of hard bargains with authors, or debiting their accounts with excessive charges, are, no doubt, matters of which there are occasional reasons to complain; but such practices are a long way short of fraudulent, although we fully admit they are not what is expected from members of an honourable calling.” Mr. Besant’s reply is that these and other frauds were common, very common, deplorably common, until the Society of Authors put a stop to them in so many cases. They would again flourish, he thinks, if the Society were to relax its efforts. Then, with reference to the contention of the publisher’s organ, that “‘debiting accounts with excessive charges,” is a practice “a long way short of fraudulent,” Mr. Besant says with energy : “Does the writer know the meaning of words? Why. what does a common pickpocket or shoplifter do, when he steals anything he can lay his hands on, worse than a pub- lisher who pays £60 for printing a book, and sends in an account stating that he has paid £80? Nota fraud? Then is stealing not a fraud; and lying is truth; and vice is virtue.” This is language well calculated to add to the irritation of the publisher who has been guilty of the fraud which Mr. Besant denounces. But the question is, not whether Mr. Besant is irritating, but whether his description is a true description. That is a question which can be answered without much _ technical knowledge. An elementary AUTHOR. acquaintance with Exodus XX., 15, is all that is wanted for the outside, non-publishing, world. But the publishing view is a thing apart. We have all heard of that magic phrase, “custom of the trade,” and know how much it has been made to cover. There is, id apprehend, no doubt that the publisher’s practice of paying one sum, and telling the author he had paid another and larger sum, and putting into his own pocket the difference expressed by the lie, was at one time a custom of the trade, or of some part of the trade. It was decently covered up under the phrase “ discounts,” and upon the plea that what passed between the publisher and his printer, or paper maker, or advertising agent, did not concern the author. Let us admit, for civility’s sake, that this particular custom of the trade is a thing of the past. What one would like to know is whether it is still upheld and defended, even if no longer practised, by any of those who formerly profited by it. I turned to the current number of the Bookseller. The answer is not there; only a short paragraph explaining that the Awthor—published on Nov. 1—came out too late to be answered in the Bookseller— published on the 8th. But there is an answer, exclaims the publisher’s editor, and it will be forthcoming. We shall have to wait for it, but it must be well worth waiting for, if it be something better than the hoary and threadbare and impudent excuse, so often heard before, which I have summarised above. A REJECTED AUTHOR. their marriage. He was a young gentleman with some brains (which she admired), and no profession, and she was a young lady with some beauty (which he admired), and no dowry. So they married, and ran the household on the brains and the beauty (and the mutual admiration), together with a slender stock of ready-money, and agreed that the world was very blind when it estimated such unions as imprudent, having regard to the acute happiness that was attending their venture. And in the first year they spent the ready- money. The second year, though not without its thorns, still yielded them many gallant ¢ r- lands of roses. For one thing, Mr. Bayard, the eminent publisher, accepted what our author irreverently termed a shocker, for his ‘Detective Series,” and promised to find the round sum of fifty pounds for it upon publication. Again, though they were poor, they found that their plight was not without its pleasant side. For there was romantic novelty in the actual want of money, and keen delight in obtaining it—perhaps unex- pectedly—when need was urgent. Moreover, the necessity of procuring credit made demands upon their ingenuity, and much merriment would follow, as they rallied each other over the success or failure of their little i was the beginning of the third year of  THE plots. And this bright fortitude under privation was itself a source of pleasure to them; for he was led by it to picture himself leading the real vie de Bohéme in a manner that would have done credit to Murger’s rollicking heroes (he was given to French romance); while she felt that she was facing a harsh world unrepiningly, side by side with her choice for better or for worse (and she was addicted to the penny serial). And hope yielded them some joys. For during their year of prosperity, he had written his great book—-and when we mention it by name, all necessity for alluding to its author by more distinct appellative than a pronoun is gone. For has not the world welcomed “The Hill of Tilusion 2” I[t contains jou morbid psychology, social theories, religious discussions, two new crimes, and some elegant versicles. Its main interest centres in an unmentionable problem of heredity. And what more can we moderns want ? But alas for the sanguine expectations of the young pair! ‘“ The Hill of Illusion,” at the time that it was written, failed to find a pub- lisher on its own obvious and now admitted merits. With one firm it remained three months, and with another six hours. Some read it, and some did not. Some returned it unopened, and one lost it fora time. But the result was always the same—rejection. During the second year of its anthor’s married lite, to his humiliation and to the damage of its fairly-written pages, this masterpiece was ever on a circular tour. Thus it will be seen that we find them in a sufficiently gloomy plight. For, indeed, the luck- less couple were more than ordinarily bankrupt. Brains, beauty, and a little money had been their sto:k at starting. The money had at least been indubitable, and it was gone. But what of their other capital? What of the causes of mutualadmiration? Could she still believe in his brains, when he could find no practical believer else? He feared not. And could he still be enthralled by her be auty—could life, however mean and worrying, if spent with her, still and always be glorious to him? When she noted his weary, woody face, she feared not. “¢ (est ’amour, l’amour, l’amour, Qui du monde fait la ronde.’ Do you know that, my dear? ”’ said he, draw- ing her towards him, and throwing his arm round her. “JT don’t,” said she, “ because I don’t under- stand what it means.” ‘« Well,” said he, “ it means just this” (examin- ing a scrawl of figures that he held between his VOL. Ill. AUTHOR. 281 fingers), ‘‘ that to-day we are penniless, that to- morrow we receive fifty pounds from that noble fellow Bayard, that to-morrow we must pay away at least fifty-four pounds, and that, until we get some more money from somewhere, we shall have to subsist off love ae “Tt means a good deal,” said she. “To gubsist off love, the love that makes the world go round,” he continued. “S rely such a power can keep our wheels going round, till another cheque winds us up again. That’s what it means.” “But you don’t want to spend the whole of that money at once in paying people? ”’ said she. “Dearest! Why ask me that question? 7 Ae replied. ‘‘ Of course not. I don’t want to pay anyone anything at anytime. But it happens that if I do not pay that much immediately sordid creditors will remove our possessions,” and he swept a lean hand comprehensively round the sparsely furnished little room. ‘‘ We must pay, we must pay, and worry along as before, till we cet some more.” He felt her tremble. “ Why, it will all come right in time,” said he. “ Trust me, trust me, if you can.” But before he could support her she was down on the floor, with her head in his lap, and between her sobs he caught her words, being helped to their comprehension by his intuition. “ Must they for ever go on like this ? Would they never be out of debt? Would they never have enough to eat, and perhaps a few shillngs over to spend on anything they wished, especially on what was unnecessary? How long must they live in this terrible shabby little Inn, where all were fighting for their bread ; where no one could afford to be respectable, and but few could afford to be honest? Perhaps she was a burden to him? Had she not better go back home? Could he go on loving her? Did he feel quite certain—quite, guite certain— that she would always love him, even if he continued to fail?” “That's a very shrewd question,” said he, when the storm had passed. ‘‘A very shrewd question ! failure. Yet, believe me, ’m not a I receive fifty pounds to-morrow from a creat publisher.” “Qh!” said she, “I didn’t mean allI said, and, of course, dear, you will succeed. And « h!” she repeated, “it’s weary work waiting, and fifty pounds isn’t much for a year’s work.” “Tt isn’t,” he asserted cordially. “ But let us be just. The thing only took two months to scribble, and isn’t really worth a penny more than I am going to receive. Now,” and he touched with a caressing hand a dirty heap of paper on his desk, “here is a year’s work and two years’ Z  282 thought, and the outcome of ten years’ observa- tion, yet no one will look at it. But I’m nota failure.” And he patted the luckless manuscript. “Tm not a failure while I can show this.” “ Of course xot, dearest,” she assented. “You're good, that’s what you are—good,” he continued, running his eye over a page here and there, ‘Yet, because you are uncon- ventional, because you are not improving, no one will have anything to say to you. Why, if you were the work of a man who had made his name, you might be worth a thousand pounds. And I, your owner, stand here ready to commit all crime fora poor fifty.” “But,” said she, “ Your novel that is coming out to-morrow may make your name; and then you can sell this for a lot of money.” “ That rot will do me no good,” hereplied. “It may sell, but no one will want to hear more from itsauthor. And, quite right, too!” “T think it’s such-a jolly story,” said she, with a consoling air. “Tt seems absurd,” he continued, disregarding her amiable criticism, ‘ that Ido not know how to get fifty pounds. I must be a very futile person. JI am crammed with knowledge. Iam a student of human nature. I have ingenuity and invention, I am versatile and venturesome. And 1 can’t get fifty prounds. The world is full of dull dogs who make their tens of thousands, and I cannot make my daily bread! Oh ! it’s absurd. Iam hungry. My wife is hungry. I can’t get fifty pounds, and yet I am as immoral as Mrs. Grundy would have a literary person.” “ Don’t talk like that,” said she. ‘ IT think,” he answered, “that it is only my playful way. And yet—and yet—No! No! NO! It isn’t play! It’s earnest! I have an idea, and by - Here! give me some paper! Some string! Quick !’’ And he sprang from his seat holding the manuscript in his hands. But she thought lightly of any idea, however energetically introduced, that purposed to deal with that luckless work. “ Where are you taking it?’ she asked languidly. “To Bayard.” “ But it has been there.” “Been there ! Why, of course it has been there. There isn’t a publisher in London who hasn’t had his chance of achieving repute as a sagacious critic, and money as an astute tradesman, by issuing this book. I have made no invidious distinctions, as you know. They’ve all had it, and they’ve all rejected it uncompromisingly—save some people who wanted a hundred and fifty pounds down for publishing it. They alone thought it a work of genius, and their reader wrote to me to that effect, and, if I remember THK AUTHOR. right, hespelt Genius with a J. But it’s going to Bayard again, and, what is more, it will stick there, and, what is still more, it will be paid for at once. The paper and the string !” On his return he wrote to half-a-dozeu friends, and made no further allusion to his design, save that over his evening tea he gave his wife the sinister toast of ‘“‘ Here’s to crime!” * * * * * * * The followmg morning the detective story duly appeared, in proof of which Mr. Bayard’s cheque arrived. And hard on this there came six gentlemen of the author’s acquaintance in response to his letters. ‘““Comrades,” said the author, “you are very welcome. May I take it for granted that not one of you has anything to do that is likely to bring him in ten shillings? Encouraged by your silence I venture, then, to hire three of you, at that price, to aid me in crime. The other three of you, being notoriously wealthy, will assist for nothing. Here is a map of London, The districts that I have chalked are rich in booksellers. | This morning the literary world was convulsed at the appearance of a new novel— by me. I want the agony kept up a bit. I want you fellows to choose a district each, and go and worry for that book. I want you to get on *buses and fall to talking ab ut the excellencies of the work. I want you to have accidental inter- views with each other in book-shops, and urge each other to buy the book without delay. I want you to make as much silly racket as you know how. Lastly, each of you will order fifty copies—at different shops, of course, It will not be in stock anywhere, so you will say you will call to-morrow for them. But you need not—unless you like.” “Tt’s a new fake,” said a very dingy-looking man, without removing his pipe, “ But it won't wash.”’ “Ah! but you'll help us all the same,” said the novelist’s wife, with suavity. “For, after all, lots of nice things don’t wash.” ” * * * * * * * Two days later the author stood in Mr. Bayard’s office, and waited his turn to see the great man. His only weapon was a letter from a well-known firm, declining the privilege of reading his novel. He looked about him, believing that he should detect something in his reception that might help him to a guess at the success that was to be his, but apparently no ripple from the little storm that had been raised in book-land had reached this haven of rest and procrastination. He waited. He waited longer even than usual, for Mr. Bayard believed that the author, having  THE heard that his novel had caused some excitement, had come to ask for more money on the strength of his success, and Mr. Bayard was a man of proper spirit, and disliked begging. At last he was admitted, and dispelled the frowns from the forehead of his publisher by saying that he had eome about another book. “T don’t think,” said Mr. Bayard, who was not the man to spoil his own market by any useless congratulation, ‘that we shall see our way to bringing out anything more from your pen just at present. We must wait and see how the other goes.” “Quite so,” said the author with cheerfulness, “Quite so. In fact that suits me altogether, and T’ve come to ask if you'll let me have my manu- script back.” « What manuscript?” “The one you have. One I sent ina few days ago.” “Oh! have we one ?” said Mr. Bayard, loftily. “Tn that case, better leave it Better leave it, and we'll report on it in due course, and” (with an air of handsome concession) “very likely publish it.” : “You're very good,” said the author, but I think I'll take it away, that is if you don’t mind.” And the mendacious one contrived to look the picture of mental distress. “ We don’t mind,” said Mr. Bayard, “ but you are ili-advised? What are you going to do with Lr” “You see,’ said the author shamelessly, ‘‘ I’ve had a letter from Gordon Washington and Co., asking me to send them a novel if I had one ready. And the one I sent here two days ago happens to be the only one I have ready. I know you don’t mind giving it back to me, as you only took the detective story as a favour to me; I remember you told me that, and I thought it so awfully good of you. Gordon’s people say they will bring my book out in America simultaneously if they like it.” “Come, now, won’t you sit down,’ said Mr. Bayard. ‘Just sit down and hear a word of advice from an old hand. Don’t you be in a hurry. Nothing looks so bad in a young author as constantly changing his publisher. It looks so fanciful! So cantankerous! It looks as if he was one of those vain fidgetty fellows that can’t wait for his reward. And, another thing, it does look so cursedly ungrateful. I wonder you are not ashamed to come to me in this way.” “Why, so I am,” said the author, “ more ashamed than you can guess. But you see Gordon and Washington will bring out the book ome they like it, and, if they like it, will__— AUTHOR. 283 “ @o on,” said Mr. Bayard, ‘be frank, always be frank. Goon! You've seen them, and they'll pay you more than I have paid you. Go on.” “ Weil,” said the disingenuous one, drawing from his pocket the envelope marked with the conspicuous chiffre of the great Anglo-American firm, ‘‘ you see their letter is marked private, but I think there is no doubt that they will do so. In fact, if you saw this letter, you would be sur- prised.” “ Now see the ingratitude of that !’’ exclaimed Mr. Bayard. “How did they hear of you? Because we have published your book, and as that has been a bit of a success, you want to run off to someone else to get a higher price.” “But how was 1 to know that it had been a success. Has it?” «“ Ah! well,” said Mr. Bayard, “it’s a little early to say that yet.” “Tt is,’ agreed the author. “But I thought, when I read it, that it had merit,” said Mr. Bayard. « And so you published it—as a favour to me.” “That's it. I’ve always felt kindly towards you since you first came to my office. And now you want to go to somebody else. Better come to us, and see if we can’t manage it for you. Now, let’s see, what is it you want? How long’s the book?” And Mr. Bayard grinned. So the author’s fraud was successful, and ina few minutes Mr. Bayard opened his cheque book and wound up the conference. “Fifty pounds now,” said he, “‘and another fifty if I sell ‘more than one edition in the three-volume form, and a penny in the shilling on all cheaper issues. No need for an agreement. I’m a man of my word. And there isn’t another man in London would have done it for you.” “ Don’t cross the cheque,” said the author, ‘Not another man,” continued Mr. Bayard, “not another man, before seeing the manuscript. But I like you, and I like your stories. I can feel safe about you. I’m sure there’s no beastly character-analysis, and sociology, and rubbishy poetry in your book, Stick to good healthy stories, my lad, with lots of plot, and a happy ending. They’re business. Here you are, and uncrossed. Want to cash it at once and spend it this afternoon, eh? Lightly made, lightly spent, eh? Ah, improvident! improvident!” Here Mr. Bayard wagged his head. “ And come to us first another time when you've anything to sell. Eh? won't you?” ” “Tm a novelist,” said the fraudulent person to his wife when he reached home with the cash, “and [ wish to conform to my knowledge of life.  284 When people frisk the till, I note that they always go to B:ighton to spend their ill-gotten gains. Let us go to Brighton. Are you ashamed of me?” “Not a bit!” said she, stoutly. “JT don’t know that I am much ashamed. of myself,” said he. ‘I’ve sold a book for fifty pounds that I honestly believe to be worth five times the money, and I believe that the agree- ment was dispensed with that I might be robbed with impunity, if necessary. When those books come back to my friend Bayard from the book- sellers, of course he’ll howl, and feel cheated. And when he finds out what sort of thing he has bought, he will howl louder. But he’ll shove it along all the same, and all the merrier, to get his money back. He won’tlose. If I was not quite certain that he will know how to avoid that, I might be more inclined to blush. And, if I know good work at all, and am not an egotistical ass, I shall have no bother in placing my next book. No, I’m not a bit ashamed. I ought to be, but I’m not. Kiss me, dearest.” O. J. NOTES AND NEWS. WRITER in the Daily Chronicle of the A 19th Dec. 1892, asks two questions. (1) What voice the 800 and odd mem- bers have in the election of the chairman of com- mittee ? (2) What the Society is going to do for the writers who live from hand to mouth, and are the prey of every sweater ? The answer to the first question is—‘‘ None.” The members have no voice at all in the election of a chairman of committee. In all committees the chairman is chosen by the committee, unless there is an official chairman of the company. We have a president, elected by the council; a council which elects its own members; a committee elected by the council; a chairman of committee elected by the members of the committee. The government of the Society is distinctly and frankly oligarchic. Whe her it should continue so in the future is a question for discussion. Meantime, in the pursuit of the policy of throwing light—and more light—always more light—upon all matters connected with literary property— which has chiefly occupied the Society up to the present—the present form of government is, I am convinced, the best possible. Considering the natural ignorance of most members on the whole subject, the intervention of the vote of those who THE AUTHOR. had not studied it at all might have been fatal at the outset. : 2. What will the Society do for those who live from hand to mouth, and are, therefore, continu- - ally sweated ? The writer says that he would like to see a separate Society formed for their benefit. But that would only be to shift the burden from one set of shoulders to another. It is, in fact, a dreadful burden. It is the burden of the needle-woman ; it is the burden of the tram and ’bus servants; it is the burden of all labour which is not organised. Can we organise, or devise, anything for the improvement of the position of these writers? Suppose we had such an organisation. Suppose we were to inform the committee of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge for instance, referring them once more to the Author of July 1890, that we will not let our members accept £12 for a book of which they will sell 6000 copies; can we be sure that some one else, outside the Society, will not step in and take the money? There are two ways of helping the sweated worker in any branch of labour: (1.) The first is to publish everywhere and continually—to keep harping upon it, so that people cannot forget it—the treatment to which he is subjected. In this way public feeling is awakened and kept alive. (2.) The second is to form a union, and to make everybody in that branch of work feel that they must join it. But this union must be known to exist for the sole purpose of ensuring justice and enforcing honesty. Can the Society become the centre of such an organisation? It could, but as yet, I fear, the professional spirit is too weak; there is too much jealousy. Perhaps the writer of the letter will put himself in communication with the editor of this Journal. —— There is hope for the great army of the rejected. There is going to be published from a London office, a weekly journal—price to be one penny —which will mainly consist of MSS. that has been refused by the editors of other journals, which may yet be worthy of publication. The rate of pay will be 5s. per column. It is not much, but for the rejected it will be some solatium. It is probable that the immense popularity of the journal will cause all other editors— or rejectors—to cast themselves from a high place into the sea, a  THE A correspondent writes: ‘ Why have you not recorded the fact that Mr. Wilbam Black is at his best in ‘ Wolfenberg ’—his very best?’ Why indeed, except that old friends are sometimes taken for granted. One says, “ Dear me! Here’s a new man! and he is actually good !” and when the old friend comes along, one welcomes him kindly, but makes no remarks. The old friend ? of course he is good. Mr. R. B. Marston (Samps -n Low and Co.), writes to the Times (Dec. 19, 1892) about American spelling. His firm has brought outa book in which the language is beautified by Americanism in spelling. The book is, of course, printed from plates. Mr. Marston asks why sixty millions of people should not choose their own spelling? Why not, indeed ? The question is, why should not we be suffered to choose our own spelling? Time was when we all declared unanimously that we would not tolerate the American spelling in this country. We shall see whether that good resolution will hold. Mean- time, I wonder how many people would unite in resolving never to buy any book with the American spelling ? Se RNS Great is the detective, especially in fiction! So great is he that a company is now forming for the express purpose of publishing the detective stories of a well-known writer in this branch of literature. The company will also start a sixpenny monthly to be called Dick Donovan's Journal, in which the chief feature will be detective stories told by the editor “ Dick Donovan.” There is to be a capital of £15,000, in shares of 41 each. It has been stated in the Pall Mall Gazette that a powerful association of French novelists has been formed for the protection of their interests. One had always supposed that the Société des Gens des Lettres was protecting the interests of all French authors. Can it be that we shall see the formation of separate branches of literature into separate unions? If so, one hopes that a central union will be always main- tained. The grievances of French novelists are stated to be, (1) that their books are sold at any price the publishers can get for them; and (2) that the latter print and sell more volumes than they account for. The Authors’ Club, of New York, is going to raise £5000 or 25,000 dols. for its purposes by a method which I fear would be impossible here. They are going to produce a volume AUTHOR. printed, style possible. 251 copies. illustrated in the The edition is to be limited to Tts contents are to consist of contri- bound, and 285 best butions by about a hundred members of the club : these papers will never be reproduced elsewhere : each article in every co author. yy will be signed by the Each copy is to be priced at a hundred dollars, but the committee reserve the right of raising the price after the first hundred copies have been subscribed. Lastly, the MSS. are to be bound up in two or more volumes and sold to the highest bidder. following : Henry Abbey Felix Adler Henry M. Alden O. Cyrus Auringer Marian Benjamin Poultney Bigelow James Thompson Bixby Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen Alexander Black John H. Boner Arthur Elmore Borthwick R. R. Bowker J. H. Bridge E. 8S. Brooks Noah Brooks W. M. Butler William Carey William Carleton Andrew Carnegie W. H. Carpenter Edward Cary J. D. Champlin L. V. Cheney W. C. Church “ Mark Twain” T. M. Cann A. J. Conant M. D. Antony T. L, De Vihne M. F. Egan i. Eggleston. G, C. Eggleston H. R. Elliot G. W. Elwanger W. D. Foulke H. Frederick W. H. Gibson R. W. Gilder D. C. Gilman Parke Godwin A. 8. Hardy H. Harland John Hay W. T. Henderson R. Hitchcock W. D. Howells Brinson Howard Lawrence Hulton Rossiter Johnson C. A. Kay W. L. Keese J.B. Kenyon Among the authors are the Leonard Kip J. Kirkland T. W. Knox H. E. Krehbill Seth Low W. Marned C. Lewis G. P. Lathrop Percival Lowell J. M. Ludlow H. W. Mabie A. Mathews Brander Matthews W.S. Mayo Theodore H. Mead E. W. Moore J. H. Morie C. L. Norton E. W. Nye B. F. O’Connor D. Osborne C. H. Phelps G. E. Pond H. Porter O. L. Proudfit G. L. Raymond T. Roosevelt Jonah Royce C. Scollard H. Q. Scudder R. H. Stoddard H. Seely J. L. Spalding M. Smith BH. C. Stedman W. J. Stillwall F.R. Stockton F. H. Stoddard O. 8. Straus S. H. Thayer D. G. Thompson H. Vandyke J. C. Vandyke E. 8. Van Zill W.S. Walsh W. H. Ward G. H. Waring C. D, Warner C. H. Webb C. G. Whiting F. H. Williams What would happen if, by such a method, our 286 Authors’ Club were to try to raise £5000? Unless one is greatly mistaken, even with the help of the best hundred men of thisrealm of Great Britain and Ireland, the answer of the public would be that, for the MSS. they cared nothing, and for the things themselves they were content to wait until the papers appeared in the sixpenny magazines. << A copy of the New York Times (Nov. 27, 1892) has been sent to me because it contains a curiously ignorant attack on this Society. It speaks of the Society’s “eager determination to secure better payment for all writing, good, bad, and indiffe- ent alike.” Now, the Society has never for one moment purposed or endeavoured to secure “better payment” for anybody, good or bad. The slightest acquaintance with the objects and work of the Society is enough to show that the question of “better payment” does not concern us at all. Our object is to ensure fair and equitable agreements—fair to both sides. The writer goes on to point out the dreadful results caused by our abominable work. Foremost among these results is a calculated estimate of 70,000 (!) MSS. of novels submitted every year to publishers. The figures appear to be reached by multiplying 2400, the number stated by a certain publisher to be annually submitted to him, by three and subtracting 2000—one knows not why. But is it the case that 2400 MS. novels are annually sub- mitted to any firm of publishers? From my own experience, and the evidence of publishers, I should say 300 was a figure nearer the mark. Now we print the paper again: “Surely it has only leaped to these terrible proportions since the trades-union notion was engrafted upon literature, and the idea was sown broadcast that everyone who was at the pains to write was some- how entitled to be paid something by somebody, and need only join an association to enforce that right.” Yes! But who has sown broadcast that idea? And what words ever uttered in any organ of our Society encouraged anybody to believe that he need only to write in order to get paid ? In these days of rapid journalism, when a volume has got to be filled somehow, the temptation is always pressing to set down things on report. But surely this writer might have perceived, with a moment’s reflection, that it was simply silly to credit the Society of Authors with anything so preposterous. Will he only be so very kind as to read our papers ? A correspondent calls attention to a curious point in minor morals. It is this: Mr. Thomas Hardy has long since applied for purposes of THE AUTHOR. fiction, and used in all his novels, the name of Wessex for certain districts which once formed part of the ancient kingdom of Wessex. Thus Dorsetshire in his books is South Wessex; Berk- shire is North Wessex ; Hants is Upper Wessex; and Dorsetshire is Lower Wessex. Again, his novels are always Tales of Wessex. Has any other person, then, the right to appropriate these names? ‘The correspon ent asks these questions apropos of a novel called ‘ Dark,’’ which was mentioned in the last number of the Author. Dark lived in a “typical North Wessex cottage,” Afterwards mention is made of a Berkshire farm, so that Mr. Hardy’s nomenclature is clearly intended and adopted. Is this quite fair? A correspondent calls attention to a paper published in the Western Daily Mercury, of which he gives a résumé. It is the old story, only rather more amusing. Those ladies who answer firms advertising for MSS. may take note. There are nine letters. Letters 1 and 2.— ‘Reader has reported favourably.” This reader always does. ‘ Pub- lishers are willing to undertake publication on ‘favourable terms.’’’ These publishers always are. Said ‘favourable terms,” that the lady is to pay £100 down and £60 on seeing the last proofs ; that they are to produce an edition of 500 copies of the novel in three vols. at 315. 6d., and that the author is to have three-fourths of proceeds. Let us see. The novel would cost to produce about £120, without advertisement. Clear profit to the publisher of £40, without the sale of a single copy. The question of advertisements is left open. Obviously the author is intended to pay for them. Say she is charged £25 at a moderate estimate, and £5 for corrections. She pays, therefore, £190. If, say, 400 copies are sold at 13s. 6d. each, the sum realised would be £270; the author would receive £200; gain £10. The publisher would net about £130. Very good business, this. Letter 3.—In this they nobly reduced the pay- — ment to £120, Refused. Letter 4,—A new and brilliant idea. Author is to send up £5 15s., in return for which she is - to have 1000 circulars. She is to distribute them, — and as soon as she has got 75 subscribers at 31s. 6d. they will go on. As no one could possibly get 75 subscribers at — that absurd price, the idea seems to be limited to getting a profit on printing the circular.  THE AUTHOR. Letters 5 and 6.—A reduction to £3 15s. for the circular. 7,—Further argument. 8,—Harking back to the advance of £80, and payment of £40 on seeing proofs. g and 10.—Repetition. The MS. has at last been returned to the lady. The calamity which has befallen William Watson is one that all of us must deeply deplore. We can only express, in the name of every one of us, our most earnest hope that he will be restored to the world, his faculties revived and his genius undimmed, very shortly. $e A new fashion is beginning—a fashion which promises to last long and to bring about many useful things, especially a demand for clear thought and dramatic presentation. JI mean the duologues or proverbes, or little dramas of two columns or so that some of the papers are now producing. For instance, in the Court Circular of Dec. 3—a paper which I seldom see, because neither my ways nor my friends are courtly—I found a most beautiful little duologue called “ Merely Players.”’ It is signed by “ Clara Savile Clarke.’ Nothing could be better or more telling. How much better is a short crisp little dramatic sketch, with a long and strong story imagined, than long columns of description with a short and weak story presented. Let us prophesy. The fashion for dramatic sketches will be followed by the power to produce them. That power will be followed by the power to produce plays. There are immense possibilities in the dramatic sketch. << — The Critie contains a most tragic story of the late P. S. Gilmore, who died in Boston last month. He was, among other things, a com- poser of music, and he ardently longed to com- pose a national anthem which would take the place of “Hail Columbia” and the other well- known American National Anthem. He did compose that anthem—he called it ‘* Columbia ”’— and this is what he wrote about it : To be simply honest with you, I believe the Almighty has made me the humble messenger of the grandest national anthem, music and words, ever bestowed upon a people. You know the warmth of my enthusiasm when I am on fire ; but, great as the mountains were to climb in our jubilee days, it was a tremendous mental and physical strain to bring what would seem air castles to terra firma. The con- centrated essence, the germ, the diamond of a life’s Hercu- lean labour in the vineyard of music, has now taken the shape of an anthem for the nation. When you read the words you will see how the history of the nation is packed into forty lines, with a prayer added. It was born without a struggle, for it was the body coming forth to clothe the moral soul—the music, which came first into the world un- sought for, without an effort. In the early stages of the war I wrote a song for the nation, but the music was not heaven-born and consequently it pinedaway. Whatever may be said, of one thing I am satisfied, that a national song should be deduced from its history, and when you hear its music it will take instantaneous lodgment in your heart. May God bless you allis the heartfelt wish and prayer of yours truly and sincerely, P. 8. Gilmore. And yet, alas! the hymn was a failure. In the announcements of new books given in a certain number of the New York Critic it is interesting to notice that by Americ+n authors there are fourteen, by English authors there are thirteen, one French, one German, and one Dutch. In the list of ‘ Publications Received ” there are twenty-five English writers and twenty- three American. ‘These numbers, compared with those published in the Author a year ago, show a great increase in the proportion of American to British authors. This increase is bound to con- tinue if only on account of the International Copyright Act, whose first result must be the development of native American literature. A correspondent objects to the sweeping de- nunciation of the publications of the S.P.C.K., quoted in the last number of the Author. But it was quoted as an opinion from a friendly quarter, not as our own opinion. Speaking for myself, I have constantly, in my most friendly remarks on that venerable and truly religious body, called attention to the dainty and delicate work given to the world by some of the ladies who have the great good fortune to write for it, and who love and venerate the large souled »nd honourable committee, and pray for them daily. It is the true spirit of living Religion that I have pointed out for admirition in the committee of the S.P.C.K —not the nature of the work that they produce. We have frequently advocated in these pages the employment of a literary agent by those authors who have already created some kind of public. We have to adda caution, of the greatest importance, against going to any agent not recom- mended by tbis Society, or by some personal friends who have had experience of his capability. Tt will easily be understood that a so-called agent may, if he be dishonest, serve only as another trap and danger for the wrecking of the author, 5 Dp  288 THE If the following is true, why do we not all turn publishers? For that matter a great many of us are crowding into the profession. ARTNERSHIP.— £2000 will secure share in high-class publishing business, active or sleeping. Above amount will return 30 per cent. per annum without risk. The business will stand the most searching inquiry, and only the highest references will be accepted and given.— Principals or their solicitors may address, in the first instance. London. An income of £600 a year, without risk, on the investment of £2000, and “active or sleeping” ! There have been certain literary forgeries of just the old-fashioned kind in Edinburgh. The following is an account which recently appeared iu the Times :— In May, 1891, an Edinburgh collector had a public sale of his treasures, the most remarkable feature of which was the very low prices which they brought. In August last this same collector was rash enough to send to an Ayrshire paper copies of two autograph poems of Robert Burns, the originals of which he declared to have been in his possession for twenty-five years, and which had never been printed. One of these poems was entitled the ‘Poor Man’s Prayer,” and in the course of it Chatham was appealed to. The collector expressed the opinion that no one could read the verses without being convinced that they were the pro- duction of the national bard. I quote three of the verses in order that the ordinary reader, to say nothing of the literary critic, may be able to judge of the kind of stuff that is described as worthy of Robert Burns : Tur Poor Man’s PRAYER. Amidst the more important toils of state, The counsels labouring in thy patriot soil ; Though Europe from thy voice expect her fate, And thy keen glance extend from pole to pole, O Chatham, nursed in ancient virtue’s lore, To these sad strains incline a favouring ear, Think on the God whom thou and I adore, Nor turn unpitying from the poor man’s prayer. While I, contented with my homely cheer, Saw round my knees our prattling children play. And oft with pleased attention sat to hear, The little history of their idle day. But this is not merely a question of judgment; it is a question of fact. For Mr. George Stronach, one of the librarians of the Advocates’ Library, Edinburgh, has found, not only these verses, but a great many more of the same stamp, printed in the London Magazine for 1766. The verses are there described as “Hxtracts from‘ The Poor Man’s Prayer,’ addressed to the Earl of Chatham ; by Simon Hedge, labourer.” It might, of course, be argued that “ Simon Hedge” was a nom de plume of Robert Burns; but, unfortunately for this supposition, Burns was in 1766 a boy of seven years, and the notion of his “prattling children” playing round his knees at that ageis too absurd to need refutation. This discovery has giventhe coup de grace to the whole scheme of forgeries. With this failure all the other impostures of the same set necessarily assumes the same character. Water Busan. AUTHOR. ETHICS OF CRITICISM, SS HE following notes arefrom a paper by Dr. A. Conan Doyle, published in the Morning Leader of Dec. 21: To review a book without having read it. as in the case of the reviewer who described Barrie’s “ Auld Lichts” asa volume of “very tolerable poetry,” is not criticism. It is obtaining money under false pretences. To review a book without cutting the leaves, by dipping into it here and there is not criticism. It is laziness. To review a book by writing a paragraph which repro- duces the plot of the book is not criticism. It is petty larceny. To hold a brief against a book, and to review it by pick- ing out every weak passage, and holding it up to ridicule without a word upon the other side, is not criticism. It is an aggravated assault. To review a book anonymously in several papers, so that it appears that all these papers have independently come to a conclusion, when really it is only one man who has done so, is not criticism. It is impersonation. But, in spite of all drawbacks, our critical Press is, I think, better than any other critical Press ; and if a man is blamed where he does not deserve it now and then, it is morally certain that he will also be praised where he does not deserve it occasionally; and so the balance is re- adjusted. A. Conan Doyur. coi aa AUTHORS, PUBLISHERS, AND REVIEWERS. ———— > NHE results of some years’ experience in authorship and reviewing have led me to the following conclusions: It is not in any case advisable for a young author to leave the fate of a book entirely m the hands of a publisher. In the case of a book published on commission, such blind belief in the omniscient goodness of a publisher is fatal. In 1885 I paid for the production of 775 copies of a costly genealogical work. I have since ascer-— tained that several copies charged to me by the printer as copies sent for review were lost, and _ five copies described as “library copies,” sent im _ accordance with the Copyright Act, were lost also. In order to procure a belated notice in— two important magazines, I was obliged to send — second copies. Curious discoveries are frequently made by an author under process of review. ‘‘ The familia: friend whom he trusted” may appear in a new light, and the cloud which he dreaded may ‘burst in blessing.” The first and hardest hr I ever had from a reviewer came from one who had received a favour from me, and the kindlies ereetings were sent from sources altogethe unknown to me. One reviewer, who had not  ty THe AUTHOR. received a copy, and could not obtain one on loan, was good enough to purchase the book for the purpose of annihilating it entirely in two columns of a sectarian newspaper. Unconsciously he did me a good turn. So did the Russian Scrutator. One book cost me £170 and three years’ hard labour, besides the labour of an assistant. Another book cost me £40, and no labour at all. The British public selected the last as the most valuable. It requires experience to be able to send out copies for review, and to compose and distribute advertisements judiciously, and when such experi- ence has been gained, the work is best done by the author—at least, that is my experience. As a reviewer IL know that I take more interest in a book sent directly to me with a little note from the author (which note is often an interesting reyelation of character) than I am apt to do if the same book arrives among a pile of others from the publisher. In the case of my third book, out of fifty copies sent for review, I obtained twenty-three reviews, and in addition to these, [ received seven notices from papers to which no review copies had been sent. Probably other notices appeared which I did not see, as my experience proves that even the eagle eye of a Press Cutting Agency has only a limited vision. I once obtained a most remarkable opportunity of blowing my own trumpet. The editor of a provincial weekly wrote to say that, as my book possessed a strong local interest, and he could not possibly find time to read it, would I kindly review it myself—any space up to a column and a half was at my disposal, and would I advertise in his paper? I passed the letter toa friendly reviewer, whose trumpet gave no uncertain sound. He produced the column and a half, and I advertised in the journal of that particular editor. He was a good fellow, a sound Tory, and an excellent judge of champagne and cigars, Publishers keep a list of papers 10 which they send copies of books for review. This list is not elastic. Like the laws of the Medes and Persians, it altereth not. A prominent publisher recently published a book in which 1 felt some interest. A few days after the usual allowance of review copies had been distributed, I wrote to the publisher stating that the author was a personal friend of mine, that I was reviewing for the principal provincial daily in a district where the author was well known, and that if a copy of the book were sent to me, I would give some space to it. No notice whatever was taken of my offer. As my object in reviewing is to give my readers a brief account 289 of all works of merit as they appear, I usually contrive to read them, whether the publishers send them to me or not. I, therefore, read and reviewed this particular book in spite of the publisher’s discourtesy. Naturally copies of the work were vouchsafed to certain editors, who acknowledged the receipt by the barest possible mention of the book, and such copies might as well have been thrown into the sea. : The fact is, most publishers provide for reviews by a hard and fast line, from which they will not swerve an inch, Therefore it behoves young authors to stand guard over their own reputation, and if they get the chance of a good review let tbem see that the chance is not sacrificed by the density of the middle man. The notion that an editor has no right to criticise a book which has not been sent directly to him for the purpose of review is preposterous. Every intelligent editor owes it to his readers to keep them properly posted up in current litera- ture, and to discrimimate for them between the good and the bad in the world of books. Hundreds of books are reviewed in this way every week, and will continue to be so reviewed, to the very great advantage of authors, publishers, and the public generally. A published book is public property, and any attempt to boycott the liberty of the press in reviewing, whether made by author or publisher, is certainly made too late in the day. With respect to advertising, I may say that a single illustrated quarter-page advertisement in a good magazine sold fifty copies of one of my books, whilst I spent £25 in small advertise- ments hidden away among the holes and corners of newspapers having the “ largest circulation in the world,’ such advertisements having no appreciable effect whatever on the sale of the book. In fact, I might just as well have given my £25 to the blind. T consider that the farming of advertisements by publishers is a mistake. They debit your account with £25 or £50 for advertisements without stating when or where these advertise- ments appeared. They contract for so much space, and your advertisement will have to be packed, with perhaps a score of others, into this space. The review quotations will be hanged, drawn, and quartered. Sometimes you will have half-a-dozen quotations, sometimes you will have none. ‘There will be continual changings and choppings. You may complain, and the gentle- man who farms the advertisements will “ much regret, but really the pressure on our space, &c.” Two of my books—a volume of sermons and a volume of humorous reminiscences—were adver- tised together. The review quotations executed  290 a flying leap from one book to the other, and a grave and reverend reviewer was made to declare that the sermons were ‘“ vastly amusing.” Well, accidents will happen. One thing, how- ever, is certain. You will have to pay the piper, pipe he never so sadly. You will have to settle the bill, whether the work has been done well or ill. Mistakes are certain to be made, but it is not equally certain that they will be made in your favour. What is worth doing at all is worth doing well, and my experience teaches me that if you want a thing done well it is often advisable to do it yourself. Ho JS oc CORRESPONDENCE. I. A Lirrte Omnium GatHERuM FoR THE NEw YEAR. ILL you allow me to suggest, a little roughly, some few points for the con- sideration of your readers ? Books Wanted.—A short but comprehensive index to such letters as MA, F.RS., P.C., LL.D., D.C.}., and so on—An unbiassed com- parison of Bimetallism with Monometallism—A short history of the Free Trade Controversy—An annotated and comparative edition of the Con- fessions of St. Augustine, the Thoughts of Marcus Aurelius, and the Confessions of Ros- seau—A. Life of Jay Gould, with an estimate of his moral character—Lives of the Laureates, from Chaucer to Tennyson, with a poem of each— The history and morality of gambling, with special reference to the views of the late Archbishop of York upon the subjects. Biographies—Let there be always an index ; let the biography in no case exceed one volume, and let the letters be very carefully weeded and placed in an appendix by themselve-, the text consisting of asummary of the life, including the letters. If here and there a letter is so important as to justify its beg printed in the text, let it be printed in small type. Suggestions to Editors.—In no case should the notes be allowed to choke the text. Full tables of contents should be placed at the beginning of each chapter, and the table of contents at the beginning of the book should Le a very short one —perhaps not more than a page, to give a bird’s eye view of the whole. Shakespeare’s ‘‘ Neece.”—How is it that Eliza- beth Hall, Shakespeare’s grand-daughter, is THE AUTHOR. described in Shakespeare’s will as his neece? Neither Dyce nor Hazlitt (both of whom print the will) notice this curious point. Has Lady Barnard’s will been sufficiently examined? This might make a good subject for a short article, Tennysoniana.—How is it that “ Timbuctoo ” is not obtainable ? Contents Tables; Machine-cut Pages; Prices and Dates of Books.—Surely every newspaper should have a paged table of contents on its first page or outside cover, as the Spectator, Saturday Review, and some others (the Author included) have. Surely, too, the pages of newspapers should be machine-cut in every case, and books and magazines ought to be issued with machine-cut pages also. Last, though not least, every book should have its price printed on its cover, and its date (as is usual) on the title page. Obscurity of Language.—So many great men have clothed their thoughts in obscure language, that we are running some risk of obscurity of language being considered of itself a mark of greatness, whereas, in my humble opinion, it is quite the reverse. Expressions of which we have had enough.— “Passing Away” or “ Joiniug the Majority ” as a substitute for “ Dying.” “Singer” as another name for a poet. ‘‘ Galore,” except occasionally. Reviewing.—An author should never solicit a review. A reviewer should always quote from the preface, and state the price of the book reviewed. It is worth considering whether the return of an unreviewed book should not be claimed. The author should not know by whom he is reviewed. Presentation Copies.—If sent to strangers, an acknowledgment should not be considered as a due. The copies should be sparingly sent—even to friends. ‘The risk of coming across them uncut is a great risk to run. J. M. Lexy. —————— I. ‘* ReLIgious” Firs. I must write to thank you for drawing — attention to firms and societies of “religious” publishers grinding the faces of authoresses of books, which go some way towards making the fortunes of such firms, who make a great favour of pay ng £20 or £30 for “ copyrights and all rights” of a work calculated to realise £400 or £500. I have sold several MSS. under these very conditions. The last I agreed to write on given subjects, which took me months to prepare, for £25. ‘he book is now published at 3s. 6d.  THE AUTHOR. The publisher said he had never given so much for its compauion volumes published previously, and when I say that even this small sum stretches over eighteen months’ credit, you may imagine what good it has done me. I know the fault les in agreeing to such terms, but with hungry faces around, dry bread is better than nothing. I most earnestly wish we could manage these things better, as one tastes little of the “sweet bliss of providing ” under distressing circumstances. Itis no consolation to me, writing amid the wrecks of a once comfortable, if not luxurious, home, to know that my books sell in America and Australia, that they are beautifully got up, &c., while I and those dear to me are actually starving. (You know the tramp said it was no sort 0’ satisfaction to be chawed up by a fust-class dog.) I should think it a paradise to get a house to take care of, as suggested last week by you; or to live in a lodge or country cottage, where, as my little girl says, “ she could pick real daisies and see blue sky.’’ It is the height of my ambition to get the three acres and a cow, or a poultry farm to supplement my meagre earnings, or to enable me to stand out for better prices for my MSS. I cannot sew cleverly, and to teach is impossible in these days of free education ; neither could I earn auy more at grinding pen points than Frank Stockton’s unpopular journalist, if I tried that experiment. A Scripstine Moruer. Despair-street, Nov. 26, 1892. TEL, Scante Pay. When you headed Mr. Charles King’s letter “A suggestion and something more,’ I hope you designed to hint that the idea of publishing ‘in the Author the rate of pay of every journal in the kingdom,” struck you as well worth considera- tion. If you would like to have the opinions of those interested, allow me to express the warmest approval. I write very little in periodicals with which Iam unacquainted ; but in three instances Ihave received payments so small—by comparison with the importance and repute of the paper— that they dwell in my memory with unholy 1an- cour. I cannot suppose that the sum paid to me was less than is usual. But, if authorities and personages are content to write for such pay, the fact should be made known in order that profes- sional littérateurs may not be tempted to waste their time under a misapprehension caused by those names, or by the standing of the periodical. The owner, if honest—as is not to be questioned— 291 could not object. It is no disgrace to a man if he cannot afford to pay as much as people expect of him. But for all that, I consider myself badiy “done” in two of those three in-tances. In the third case I complained, and by return of post came an additional 50 per cent., or nearly, with a letter of warm appreciatiun. But I am to suppose that the first cheque represented the normal scale of payment. Let those scales be published therefore, and the pages of the Author are the fitting place. iB. LV. Tue HeorisricAaL AMATEUR. I read with feelings of considerable satisfaction “M. L. P.’s” indictment of the “ egotistical amateur.” He isan individual from whom I too have suffered, and whom I have longed desired to see pilloried in the Author. But the egotistical amateur is not the only adverse force with which bond fide knights of the pen have to contend. There is the “ lady of title,” whose aid it would appear is absolutely necessary to insure the suc- cessful floating of a new magazine. It may be said she is included inthe “ H. A.’s,” who bestow their wares gratuitously upon the needy editors ; but this is erroneous, judging from the following anecdote, given to me on the best possible autho- rity. A lady of title and means, well known in the religious and philanthropic world, entered a small publishing office not a hundred miles trom St. Paul’s, and, requesting an interview with the proprietor, offered to compile a certain small book for the sum of £20. Her offer was declined, there not being £5 worth of honest work in the whole affair, and the publisher, unlike others of his kind, apparently not considering her title worth the remainder. Now, Ido not wish to say a word against titled and wealthy ladies writing upon special subjects with which they are specially acquainted, and being paid for it—if they choose ; but why should they trade upon their name and title, as in the case cited, to do work which scores of women who write for a living would do equally well, if not better, for half the money they demand? That the sums “earned” by these ladies are expended in charity, as 1 have heard asserted in their defence, is no justification. It is but “robbing Peter to pay Paul,” and ‘ Paul,” some of us think, has had a pretty good run, and itis time the claims of ‘ Peter” received con- sideration. EK. H.  NE PusiisHers’ AGREEMENTS. 1. Anold and respectable firm agreed to publish a book for me, I paying costs, and they giving me 40 per cent. of the gross returns. Their estimate was higher than that furnished to me by the Secretary; still he thought their offer not bad, and the said estimate would be binding as an agreement, if [had it stamped. It was a very informal little document, and, as it expressly called itself, merely “approximate.” I did not see how it could be binding. It was not signed by either party. I did not have it stamped, and when the accounts came in, I found that the publishers certainly had not considered it binding, as they had allowed me 50 per cent. instead of the 40 per cent. agreed upon. I called their attention to the fact, thinking it might be an oversight, but they said they found themselves able with such books to allow 50 per cent. 2. I was remodelling an MS. by the advice of a publisher, who was interesting himself much in the matter, and going in largely for illustrations ; but nothing had been said about terms. I did not intend to take any share in the expense, but, that there might be no doubt upon the subject, I wrote and said so. In reply, the manager said that his firm were prepared to publish at their own cost, giving me half profits. I expected to have a formal agreement sent me for signature, as I had had before, from the same firm, but none came. By the time I found that none was coming, it was too late to have the letter stamped. I do not mistrust these publishers, but in neither case do they seem to me as businesslike as is desirable. In the case of the first firm, there have been sundry mistakes in their accounts, now in my favour, now in their own; pure mistakes, I quite believe, but not the more satisfactory for that. [ think it would be desirable, if it could be, to have a recognised form of agreement adopted by all; one, too, in which it should be distinctly stated whether copyright is assigned or not. At present an author seems to lose his copyright whenever the publisher undertakes the cost of production, even though the word be not mentioned in the agreement. To whom does the copyright of my second book belong ? I have not signed anything, so I do not know how I can have assigned it, unless silence gives consent. : Is it just that copyrights should form part of the assets of a bankrupt publisher ? Some of the books of a late popular writer THE AUTHOR. were published by a firm which became bankrupt. They were books in steady demand, bringing in a regular income, as they probably do still ; but when the firm failed the copyrights were sold with the rest of their property, and the author received, and apparently could claim, nothing more. This is what I was told, and I know his family were left very poorly off, though his books must still be producing an income for somebody. Surely, if copyright is sold in this way, the author’s rights should be safeguarded in some way, as he certainly did not assign it uncondition- ally, but on an agreement that he should receive a certain proportion of the proceeds. 8. G. [This lette is published as the writer sent it. There is some little confusion, apparently, e.g, (1) The author paid the costs, and the publisher was to give her 40 per cent. on the gross pro- ceeds. Let us work this out with a 6s. novel, ‘| (‘Cost of Production,” p. 31). We will suppose a: 1000 copies to be printed and sold, binding has = advanced 15 per cent. so the figures must be slightly altered : & 8a Gr ss proceeds of 1000 copies = 166 0 Oo Publisher's share (by agree- ment). 4: .. 2 2) 90 te Author’s share (by agree- ment) «3 == 60 8 = Author pays cost, viz... ... 122G ae Author’sloss ... ... ... 62 0 6 Publisher’s gain... ... .., 99 0 O Very good business. But they gave her, instead of 40 per cent., 50 per cent. of the gross proceeds : Publisher’s gain 83.0.0 Author’s loss ... 39 0 O Is there anything wrong here ?—Ep. ] VI. Tue Pusiic Criticism oF Books. According to counsel’s opinion in the current number of the Author, an adverse criticism is only libellous ‘“‘if prompted by malice, or charac- terised by such reckless disregard of fairness as indicates malice towards the author.” This, though doubtless good law, is scarcely consolatory, inasmuch as the generality of unfair criticism contrives to keep clear of the definition here laid down. Take, for instance, the example cited by Dr. Bell in the November number (“‘ Correspondence” IV.). The review there quoted is manifestly unfair, and calculated to injure the author’s reputation, yet he would, I  THE AUTHOR. suspect. have great difficulty in bringing it within the definition above laid down. It was this difficulty of establishing malice, or unfairness indicative of malice, that I had in my mind when I submitted in last month’s number that “for an author to obtain legal reparation would be well nigh impossible.” I never intended to convey, as “F. P.,” in the current number, represents me to have done, “that it would be well-nigh impossible to prove that any criticism is unfair;’’ that of course would be nonsense, but I still venture to maintain that, in the gene- rality of cases of unfair reviewing, it would be extremely difficult to satisfy the legal standard of “libellous criticism.” Rank AND FILE. VII. A Lirerary SCHOLARSHIP. There was an idea at one time that if a man did not die of starvation, and give some one else a chance to get something out of his works, he was no genius, and, it may be added, no man. Even Byron seemed to doubt whether a man ought to ask for his money, for he wrote : ‘“* When the sons of song descend to trade, Their lays are rare, their laurels fade.” The only way to prevent them descending to trade is for the nation to give them a little help. And this the nation at last seems disposed to do. I refer to the case of William Watson. Sons of song,and men of talent generally, have bestowed many gifts upon the nation. What the nation has given them in return is a matter for reflection over their own firesides. The democratic wave is rolling, and it rests with writers to say whether it shall flow over them or they shall ride on the top. If the nation is disposed to be kind, here is a scheme that may well occupy its attention. Ido not advocate it for men of genius. Men of genius have a way of getting out of holes that is denied to mere talent. I advocate it for young and struggling talent, for those of comparatively no opportunities, for those who, if no hand is outstretched towards them, sink, un- honoured and unsung. If it is anyone’s business to stretch this hand, it is surely the nation’s; for the glory of budding talent is the glory of the land that reared it. My scheme is this: that the nation shall make an annual grant of say £600—it is not a large draw on the exchequer —to be competed for by the most promising in poetry, fiction, and the drama, divided, in fact, into three scholarships. The judging, the means of selection could all be left to the Society of Authors, who would manage it, Iam sure, with pleasure and satisfaction. There is one ridiculous #25 functionary in the British Parliament whose race is nearly run, I mean the Usher of the Black Rod. Let his salary be the basis of my scholar- ship. To an anticipated complaint that the output now is large, is enough; I have this to say: Weed it out. Take from it the works of those who publish at their own expense. Those of the driveller, who, after a sail in his yacht, startles the world with a log-book voyage; the people who pass through a foreign country, and come home with an account of its manners and customs, the butter-paper poets and the rest, and it will not seem so large after all. It is not the above class who make a nation famous; they make it a laughing stock. Talent is usually bereft of yachts, but if those who have yachts can wrest the scholarship from it, all the better. A Seasip—E MEemper. VEE A RECOMMENDATION FROM THE SOCIETY. Perhaps you may think the following woith publishing : While realismg, and valuing to the full, the immense benefits that the Society renders to authors in keeping them away from, or helping them out of difficulties with, fraudulently inclined publishers, I would like to point out how it might render another service to many writers, which would be of as great value as its present services are, So far the Society has turned its attention chiefly to safeguarding the interests of authors against publishers, but its scope is not bounded by this work, for in its circular issued in 1890 it is stated that ‘“ other and larger schemes remain for future development.’”’ The services now ren- dered are for those authors who have succeeded in finding a publisher, and, having provided for the relations between them being put on an understandable and equitable basis, it might now he made to render as great a service to those writers who want to find a publisher. What they are most in want of is—if their work be good—some such recommendation of it as will ensure its being published. Were the Society to enter into arrangements with various publishers to bring out any work it might recom- mend to them, and were it to have a committee to read works submitted to it, to which anyone should be entitled to send on payment of a fee, then, those writings that it approved being assured publication, the way of the beginner would be made much easier. The great stumbling block to beginners would thus be removed, as it would no longer be neces-  294 sary to send a work to publisher after publisher (which does sometimes happen with good works), and lose in this process months of valuable time, for it would be known that a work of real merit, whatever its subject, would always be sure of speedy publication. The mere announcement to the public that it was published on the recom- mendation of the Society of Authors would surely ensure any book a large sale. The work already done by the Society was what was wanted by the author who can get published, and it would seem to require as a complement that which is wanted by the author who wants to get published. It surely, then, might become one of the other schemes referred to to organise a means of clearing the road and making a short and direct way for the beginner to reach the publisher by. This is, perhaps, the service that beginners in authorship most want, and I doubt not it has caused disappointment to some to find that the Society could not help them in this, the most needed direction, and that the only service it could render them was of a negative character. The carrying out of this plan would not involve a new departure on the part of the Society, it would need simply a development and combina- tion of work now performed by it and by the Authors’ Syndicate. Were it to become a practice for books to be published on the recommendation of the Society, meritorious works would -always see the light without unreasonable delay ; more writers would be induced to join the Society, and gradually it would have it in its power to set up a standard of literature ; it would in time become a centre or exchange for publishers to apply to for approved works, and be the great mart for literary wares. This manner of a new author reaching a pub- lisher would be more in accordance with advanced civilisation, which would surely exclude such an awful loss of time as is so often involved by the present comparatively haphazard method. Houserr Hass. IX. Wuyr? Is it not strange that, although my Poems and Prose Sketches were highly praised by your reader, as well as other critics, the publishers whom the Society named to me should have rejected them, one after another? I mean so far as taking any share of the risk is concerned, One publisher declines this, although he ad- mitted frankly that they were favourably reported on by his reader, as containing much good work. THE AUTHOR. One or two publishers absolutely declined having anything to do with them—even on commission terms, presumably—and another, who shall be nameless, withheld his opinion of them, even after having promised it to me. I ask, Sir, whether this is not discouraging to one, whose poems have been eulogised not only by the leading poetical critics of the day (probably), but also by such poets as Lewis Morris, J E. Whittier, Robert Browning, Matthew Arnold, and others. Is it not strange that no publisher should be found willing to risk a few paltry pounds for the chance of giving the poetical world considerable pleasure? Iam not speaking of my own case only, but of parallel ones as well. They may say, why not then publish at your own cost? The answer is simple —I can’t afford the risk, and they can! From a purely commercial standpoint they may be right, of course, but how tamely they show here; how utterly lacking in a spirit of enterprise! It is, after all, merely one throw of the dice, and, remember, had not my poems been endorsed so highly, I would never have submitted them. ‘ Nothing venture, &ec.”’ F. B. Doveron. [The above is another proof of the fact so often advanced in these columns, and so constantly denied—that there are very few publishers who ever take any risk at all.—Ep.] X. A Lirrie Sum. A printer’s mistake in the “Little Sum” is, from the printer’s point of view, a very small one —being only the substitution of a 2 fora (ce, line 7 should read, “10 per cent. on the net receipts of such sales’’). Yet it is very unfortunate in its effect on the sum, since, if 20 per cent. were given, it would alter the figures below the line as follows: 50) ee dO 4990 22. 30°92 oes AS 80 9 In fact, the drop of ro per cent. in selling 5 price (between 55 and 45), would thus mean a drop of 20 per cent. in publisher’s share, and only of 10 per cent. in the author’s. As things are, under the real clause, the 1o per cent. drop in selling price makes only a 10 per cent. drop in publisher’s share, and a 55 per cent. drop in the author’s. But the fault of the clause does not, I suppose, reside in this fact, since the publisher has to get back his cost of production. The wrong thing  THE is that he should have an inducement to sell un- necessarily low. It seems to me this might best be remedied by making the clause run :—‘“ Shall pay to the author on all copies sold a royalty of 10 per cent, provided that in no case shall the publisher receive less than 40 per cent. of the published price. No sales below 40 per cent. to take place without consent of the author.” We should then get : Selling price. Publisher’s share. Author’s share. 3 50°! 40°! IO 50 40° 0 IO 49°9 We re 9°9 48 HO 8 ee ee VS i ee 7 ee eee 40 &e. Del. THe Maaazines. Might I suggest that a small space in the pages of the Author should be devoted each month to giving a list of magazines and papers, with the style and length of article, poem, or story contained in each. I venture to think this would be a great saving of time and trouble both to editors and to authors desirous of sending contributions to them, especially if the authors live in the country, and are unable to procure the various magazines, &c., in order to look over their contents, and see what articles or poems are suitable to each one. CAROLINE CREYKE. XI. PLAGIARISM. A tale I lately commenced to write opens as follows: “A long time ago there dwelt an old man of science the few people who ever caught a glimpse of him were wont to cross themselves as he passed by, for they looked on him as a magician; and perhaps they were right, for is not everybody who knows more than we do ourselves a being verging on the supernatural ? ”’ Before I had proceeded far with the MS. it occurred to me to refer to Sir Walter Scott’s “Quentin Durward,” in order to refresh my memory regarding medieval modes of expression. To the best of my recollection I had never read the book, but nevertheless I thought it was probable I should find what I wanted in it. There was some difficulty in procuring a copy, and at length I purchased one, when, turning over the pages at random, the following was the first paragraph AUTHOR. e 295 that attracted my attention: ‘“‘To read and wite!’ exclaimed Le Balafré, who was one of those sort of people who think all knowledge is miraculous which chances to exceed their own.” I have now perused Sir Walter’s admirable romance, and am quite convinced that I never did so before. The circumstances attending this unconscious plagiarism appear to me so extraor- dinary that I am induced to lay them b fore the readers of the Author. H. R Greene. “AT THE SIGN OF THE AUTHOR'S HEAD.” RS. SPENDER’S Christmas d Year books are “ Awaking,’”’ a new and cheaper edition (illustrated, 3s. 6d.), and a family story book for girls, called ‘No Humdrum Life for Me” (illustrated, 5s.). Both are published by Hutchinson. Mr. Reynolds Ball, editor of “ Mediterranean Winter Resorts,” is writing a series of papers on “Coming Winter Resorts’’ in the Queen news- paper. He contributes also an article on “ Sicilian Puppet Shows” to the January number of the Theatre, under his nom de guerre ‘“ Evelyn Ballantyne.” “In the Gun Room” is the title of a series of sketches in prose and verse by Mr. H. Knight Horsfield (Eden, Remington, and Co.). It is a book for sportsmen—for those who love the rod and gun. ‘‘The March of Shem” and other poems, by Alfred Hayes, author of “The Last Crusade,” &c. (Macmillan and Co.). has advanced to a second edition. Let us note the fact as another indication of the increased interest felt in poetry. and New Russian Lirerature.—An analysis has been prepared by the Russian bibliographer Pavlenkoff of the works published in Russia during the year 1891. It seems that—excluding Finland—there appeared in Russia 9053 books ani pamphlets, with an aggregate sale of 29,000,000 copies. Of these 6588, with a total of 23,000,000 copies, were in the Russian language, 840 in the Polish, 393 in German, 380 in Hebrew, and 219 in Lettisch. One of the most popular forms of literature in Russia seems to be calendars, of which 229 were published, many of them having editions of upwards of 500,000. The most notable event in the Russian book world during this period was the expiration of the copyright of Lermontoff’s works, in consequence of which g2 editions of them appeared, having a total sale of upwards of 1,000,000 copies. The largest i i 296 THK AUTHOR. lass of publications was that of educational works, to the number of 574, exceeding bedles- lettres by 65. The third largest section was that of medical works. More thana third of the whole amount of Russian literature appeared in St. Petersburg alone. The Rev. F. Baring-Gould, M.A. (author of “Mehalah”’) has written a new story for the Queen newspaper. Its chief character is a female Cheap Jack—‘“ Cheap Jack Zita” is her name —and under this title the work will be published. Lady Violet Greville’s new novel is called “That hated Saxon,” and is to be published by Messrs. Ward and Downey. Canon Ainger will give three lectures on Tenny- son at the Royal Institution on Jan. 19, Jan 26, and Feb. 2. Mr. Alfred Austin’s new poem, “ Fortunatus, the Pessimist,” is going into a new edition. Mr. George Allen (of London and Orpington) is preparing for publication an interesting volume which will throw new light on that side of Mr. Ruskin’s character least known to his readers. This work, which will include many anecdotes, both pathetic and humorous, never before pub- lished, is being compiled by Mr. Arthur Severn, R.I., whose recollections and reminiscences of Mr. Ruskin dates from his (Mr. Severn’s) boyhood ; the illustrations will comprise various charac- teristic sketches made by Mr. Severn when accom- panying Mr. Ruskin on his driving tours. Mr. Allen has also in hand a “ Life of the late Lady Waterford,” Mr. Augustus J. OC. Hare, of which fuller particulars will be given shortly. “The World of Music” is the generic title which Anna Comtesse de Brémont has given to the three volumes she has written, and Mr. W. W. Gibbings has published “The great Com- posers,’ “The great Singers,” and “The great Virtuosi.” The volumes have been carefully and feelingly compiled, and the author has succeeded ina somewhat difficult task. In a future series the authoress contemplates dealing with com- posers, virtuosi, and singers of the day, “ The Successful Life” by “ An Elder Brother,” which has been published by Cassell and Co., contains many weighty words of counsel, comfort and warning to young men commencing business. It is written in a shrewd, practical, and distinctly wholesome vein, and may be placed with confi- dence in any young man’s hands. “ An Hider Brother,” is obviously sincere in every word he has written, and his book is intended for those who are peculiarly susceptible to the influence of Sincerity. Mrs. L. T. Meade’s “A Medicine Lady,” which has just been published in three volume form by Casselland Co , will rank amongst her best stories. A difficult motif has been delicately handled. Mrs. Meade has kept well abreast of medical science, and has woven round what it has accomplished shapes to accomplish a story which is distinctly human and profoundly pathetic. A new edition of the “ Records of a Naturalist on the Amazons,” by the late Henry Walter Bates, is about to be issued (John Murray). The edition is to be unabridged, and will be accom- panied by a memoir of the author by Edward Clodd. “One Land—One Law.” This is the title of Mrs. Crafton-Smith’s new novel, to be com- menced in Sala’s Journal early in February. Mrs. Crafton-Smith is known under the name of “Nomad*” as the author of “The Milroys,” “A Railway Foundling,” “Holly,” &e. NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS. History and Bioeraphy. AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL AND FULL HisTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE PERSECUTION OF HamiEetT NicHoLson in his opposition to Ritualism at the Rochdale Parish Church. Barber and Farnworth, Manchester. Barnett-Smiru, G. History of the English Parliament, with an account of the Parliaments of Scotland and Ireland. 2vols. Ward, Lock. 24s. Buacx, Heten C. Notable Women Anthors of the Day. Biographical sketches, with portraits. 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Title A name given to the resource The Author, Vol. 03 Issue 08 (January 1893) Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em>, Vol. 03 Issue 08 (January 1893) Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1893-01-02-The-Author-3-8 publications The Author