https://historysoa.com/files/original/5/441/1892-08-01-The-Author-3-3.pdf 05f38485759edb5f70f79309910f99d0 PDF Text Text ������������������������������������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author Subject The topic of the resource <em>The Author</em> Description An account of the resource A digitised run of the Society of Authors' monthly periodical, <em>The Author</em>, 1890<span>–</span>1914, made available together for the first time.<br /><br />Currently users can browse issues and <a href="https://historysoa.com/items/browse?search=&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Index&amp;collection=&amp;type=&amp;tags=&amp;exhibit=&amp;date_search_term=&amp;submit_search=Search+For+Items&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle">indices</a> (not available for all volumes). Full text search for all issues, and other additional search functionality, will be added in 2022. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890–1914 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The-Author-Issues Publication Date The date of an event (in YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD format) 1892-08-01 Volume 3 Issue 3 Pages Page range in volume 81–116 Ngram Date Version of the date in YYYYMMDD format for use by the Ngram plugin 18920801 Ngram Text Version of the text with no HTML formatting for use by the Ngram plugin The HMutbor. (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vou. 111 —No. 3.] AUGUST 1, 1892. [Prick SIXPENCE. GCONTENTS. PAGE | PAGE Warnings we eae oc ae ia Soy vee wee Ss On a Birthday. By F. B. Doveton ua me oo ae a 08 How to Use the Society... kee Bee a soe = eae More Maxims ... ee ae ay oes ee ee ae 99 The Authors’ Syndicate... Ses ase See e ae ees Mr. Saintsbury on the English Novel ... ne he See wz 100 Notices... — Ss a ase ee mee Se So 0 8D Women in Journalism— Literary Property— 1.—By Mary Francis Billington ie ee Sy Bye ae 0 1.—A Publisher in Bankruptcy ees One Ses Mi e388 2.—By Grace Gilchrist ... ... a aes es oss ws 104 2.—A Charge of Plagiarism ... ae me Sate ye SOF 3.—By L. ES. .. oe ae ees ts ae aes ae Ae 3.—Yet not a Plagiarism — ei Pe a Se ce 88 The Criticism of Novels. By Henry Creswell... ees ae .» 105 The ‘‘London Editor” Again... oe ee es ue a 88 Correspondence— The New Civil Pension List oes se oe See aes Be 1.—The Authors’ Fund a3 es < wer Ree se 106 The Shelley Centenary as Se a oe sa oe oo) 2.—Neither—Nor ass sy ne vee ae ee ee L0G L’Association Littéraire es sas ose ses oe A eo 3.—Praised, yet Refused aus se eee os oe see LOT The Lame Boy in the Woods. By Mackenzie Bell ... as Se Oe 4.—A Case of Honour ... as ee Oe oe es sec LOT Notes and News. By the Editor... ie es ose mss cae 5.—Another Case of Honour... ee ay nee fe om 107 Feuilleton— 6.—An Agency for Literary Work ... wi os Any Bee ies 1.—The Publisher’s Reader ... oe ae ae ue oe OB ‘At the Author’s Head” ... Be se as age oe ... 108 Notes from Paris. By Robert Sherard Osborne ae es eee OT | New Books and New Editions... os oe me Xe .» 109 PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY. 1. The Annual Report. That for January 1892 can be had on application to the Secretary. 9. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance of Literary Property. Issued to all Members. 3. The Grievances of Authors. (The Leadenhall Press.) 2s. The Report of three Meetings on the general subject of Literature and its defence, held at Willis’s Rooms, March, 1887. 4, Literature and the Pension List. By W.. Morgis Couuzs, Barrister-at-Law. (Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C.) 33s. 5, The maety of the Societe des Gens de Lettres. By S. Squire Srricaz, Secretary to the ociety. Is. 6. The Cost of Production. In this work specimens are given of the most important forms of type, size of page, &c., with estimates showing what it costs to produce the more common kinds of books. Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 2s. 6d. sat 7. The Various Methods of Publication. By 8. Squiru Spriccx. In this work, compiled from the papers in the Society’s offices, the various kinds of agreements proposed by Publishers to ‘Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the various kinds of frand which have been made possible by the different clauses in their agreements, Henry Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C. 3s. ; Copyright Law Reform. An Exposition of Lord Monkswell’s Copyright Bill now before Parlia- ment. With Extracts from the Report of the Commission of 1878, and an Appendix containing the Berne Convention and the American Copyright Bill. By J. M. Lety. Eyre and Spottiswoode. 1s. 6d. co  ADVERTISEMENTS. THE INOTYPE COMMPOSING JIAGHINE, SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BOOKWORK. “A MIGHTY BUT PEACEFUL REVOLUTION.” OPINIONS OF VARIOUS NEWSPAPERS ON THE LINOTYPE. For full List of Experts’ Reports and Opinions apply to the Company’s Secretary for Pamphlet. _“It will do away with type, and composition, and distribution, as now practised, will be known no more.”— Manchester Courier. “Saves 70 per cent. in cost of composing, and from three- fourths to nine-tenths in time.” —Sheffield and Rotherham Independent. “It bids fair to revolutionise the present system, especially of newspaper production, for which it seems peculiarly well adapted. The instrument is one of the most beautiful and ingenious pieces of mechanism ever introduced in connection with the art of printing.” —Scotsman. “ The absolute saving of distribution, which is reckoned as equivalent to one quarter of the cost of composition, is an important factor in the economy of this machine. : With it comes emancipation from the frequent errors arising from faulty distribution. To pye matter is impossible. Unquestionably the most remarkable machine ever invented in the art of printing.” —The Printers’ Register. “Tt stands to reason that an invention that economises as well as expedites work, without aiming a blow at those who had previously done without it, must be a success.” —Echo. “ The rapidity and accuracy of the process impressed Mr. Gladstone very powerfully, or, as he expressed it himself, it ‘staggered ’ him.”—Daily Chronicle. “One of the most remarkable machines ever invented.” — Engineer. “A steam-driven, type-composing and casting machine which really promises to bring about a revolution in the composing-rooms of newspaper and book printing offices.” —Home and Colonial Mail. “ This remarkable invention promises to revolutionise all our ideas as to type-setting by machinery. It dispenses with movable type, and substitutes matrices in which the letters are cast in solid lines.”—Leeds Mercury. “One of the most remarkable labour-saving Machines ever devised in an age remarkable for such inventions.” —Western Mail (Cardiff). “The work never stops, line after line is added with astonishing smoothness and regularity.”—Newcastle Daily Chronicle. “Has come into existence to create amazement, where surprise hitherto found a home. “The Linotype, to be brief, is a machine which does away with the present expensive and slow method of type-setting. It performs all the work of a compositor automatically, with greater precision and with far more rapidity. The most important feature of the patent, however, lies in the enormous saving it effects in the cost of setting, while a no less startling fact is that the labour of ‘ distributing,’ or the putting of the type back into cases, is dispensed with.”— Admiralty and Horse Guards Gazette. “ Printing without types. A marvellous machine that makes fresh types for every line. The advance of industrial science is so rapid that this machine must, sooner or later, come into extensive use.”—Evening News and Post (London). THE ECONOMIC PRINTING & PUBLISHING CO. LIMITED, 39, BOUVERIE STREET, FLEET STREET, E.C., Having acquired the monopoly of Linotype Machines in London (excepting Newspaper Offices), are in a position to quote decidedly advantageous Prices to Authors for the Composition of Books by Linotype, and also undertake the Printing, being well equipped with Printing Machinery by the best makers.  Che Fluthbor. (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.) PONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT. Vou. IIIl.—No. 3.] AUGUST 1, 1892. [Prick SIXPENCE. For the Opinions expressed in papers that are signed: or initialled the Authors alone are responsible. WARNINGS. ——— Sprcran Warnine. — Readers are most URGENTLY warned not to neglect stamping their agreements immediately after signature. If this precaution is neglected for three weeks, a fine of £10 must be paid before the agreement can be used as a legal document. In almost every case brought to the secretary the agreement, or the letter which serves for one, is without the stamp. The author may be assured that the other side never neglect this simple precaution. The stamp duty varies from 6d. up to 10s. or more, according to the form of agreement. The Society, to save trouble, undertakes to get all the agreements of members stamped for them at no expense to themselves except the cost of the stamp. Reapers of the Author are earnestly desired to make the following warnings as widely known as possible. They are based on the experience of seven years’ work upon thedangersto which literary property is exposed :— (1.) Never sign any agreement of which the alleged cost of production forms an integral part, until you have proved the figures. (2.) Never enter into any correspondence with publishers, especially with those who advertise for MSS., who are not recom- mended by experienced friends or by this Society. VOL. IIT. (3.) Never, on any account whatever, bind yourself down for future work to any- one. (4.) Never accept any proposal of royalty until you have ascertained what the agreement proposes to give to the author and what to the publisher. (5.) Never accept any pecuniary risk or respon- sibility whatever without advice. (6.) Never, when a MS. has been refused by respectable houses, pay others, whatever promises they may put forward, for the production of the work. (7.) Never sign away American rights. Keep them. Refuse to sign any agreement containing a clause which reserves them for the publisher. If the publisher insists, take away the MS. and offer it to another. (8.) Never sign an agreement or a receipt which gives away copyright without advice. (9.) Keep control over the advertisements by clause in the agreement. Reservea veto. If you are yourself ignorant of the sub- ject, make the Society your agent. (10.) Never forget that publishing is a busi- ness, like any other business, totally un- connected with philanthropy, charity, or pure love of literature. You have to do with business men. Society’s Offices :-— 4, PortuGaL STREET, Lrncoun’s Inn FIEvDs. —————s ac bo  84 HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY. 1. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past accounts with the loan of the books repre- sented. This is in order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agreements and the results to author and publisher respectively so far. The secretary will always be glad to have any agreements for inspection and note. The information thus obtainable is invaluable. 2. If the examination of your previous business transactions by the Secretary proves unfavour- able, you should take advice as toa change of publishers. 3. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the proposed form to the Society for examination. 4. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks, of every publishing firm in the country. Remember that there are certain houses which live entirely by trickery. 5. The outward and visible signs of the fraudulent publisher are—(1) a virtuous and benevolent wish to have the unquestioned conduct of your business left entirely in his hands; (2) a virtuous, good man’s pain at being told that his accounts must be audited; (3) a virtuous indig- nation at being asked what his proposal gives him compared with what it gives the author; and (4) irrepressible irritation at any mention of the Society of Authors. 6. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing the best interests of literature in promoting the inde- pendence of the writer. 7. Send to the Editor of the Author notes of everything important to literature that you may hear or meet with. ec THE AUTHORS’ SYNDICATE. R. Colles desires to inform readers of the Author— 1. That the Authors’ Syndicate is now in a position to take charge in whole or in part of the business of members of the Society. With, when necessary, the assistance of the advisers of the Society it will conclude THE AUTHOR. agreements, collect royalties, examine and pass accounts, and, generally, relieve mem. bers of the trouble of managing business details. All accounts opened between the Syndicate and members are duly audited. 2. That the establishment expenses of the Authors’ Syndicate are defrayed entirely out of the commission charged on rights placed through its intervention. Thig varies, and must vary, according to the nature of the services rendered, but it is intended to reduce the rates to the lowest possible amount compatible with effi- ciency. Meanwhile members will please accept this intimation that they are not entitled to the services of the Syndicate gratis. 3. That he undertakes to work for none but members of the Society. 4. That his business is not to advise members of the Society, but to manage their affairs for them if they please to entrust them to him. 5. That when he has any work in hand he must have it entirely in his own hands; in other words, that authors must not ask him to place certain work, and then go about endeavouring to place it by themselves. 6. That when a MSS. has been sent from pub- — : lisher to publisher, and from editor to editor, in vain, it is most likely impossible to place it. 7. That in the face of the present competition, — authors will do well to moderate their — expectations. To this it may be added, that where advice is — sought, the Secretary of the Society, and not the Syndicate, must be consulted. On his behalf members are requested— 1. To place on paper briefly the points on which advice is asked. 2. To send up adi the letters and papers con- nected with the case, if it is a case of dispute. 3. Not to conceal or keep back any of the facts. .  THE AUTHOR. NOTICES. FaFYNHE Editor of the Author begs to remind oa members of the society that, although the paper is sent to them free of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very heavy ‘charge on the resources of the society if a great semany members did not forward to the secretary the modest 6s. 6d. subscription for the year. He | finds that, while the interest in the paper increases, }-and while it is acknowledged to be doing good reservice by its exposures and investigations, + there has been some tendency this year to forget the subscription. Perhaps this reminder may be ‘of use. With 800 members, besides the outside “ circulation of the paper, the Author ought to 74 prove a source of revenue to the society. The Editor is always glad to receive papers ++ and communications on all subjects connected .with literature from members and others. io) Nothing can do more good to the society than -> tomake the Author complete, attractive, and ‘6 interesting. Will those who are willing to aid ' 4 in this work send their names and the special i subjects on which they are willing to write ? All persons engaged in literary work of any «) kind, whether members of this Society or not, “. are invited to communicate to the Editor any 4 points connected with their work which it would “| be advisable in the general interest to publish. Members and others who wish their MSS. read “© are requested not to send them to the Office with- “> out previously communicating with the Secretary. ‘2 The utmost practicable despatch is aimed at, and ly’ MSS. are read in the order in which they are 4 received. It must also be distinctly understood 4) that the Society does not, under any circum- stances, undertake the publication of MSS. The Authors’ Club is now opened in temporary premises, at 17, St. James’s Place, St. James’s Street, Address the Secretary for information, rules of admission, &c. — i me COs Will members take the trouble to ascertain * whether they have paid their subscriptions for ) the year? If they will do this, and remit the © amount or a banker’s order, it will greatly assist } the Secretary, and save him the trouble of ® sending out a reminder. go O5 x Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the warning numbered (3). It is a most foolish and a most disastrous thing to bind yourself to anyone for a term of years. Let them ask them- selves if they would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest or dishonest ? Of course they would not. Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign themselves into literary bondage for three or five years ? : How, we are asked almost every day, is the young writer to make a beginning? He should first get an opinion from one of the Society’s readers as to the merits and chances of his book. It may be that certain points would be suggested foralteration. Itmay be that he will find himself recommended to put his MS. in the fire. He should then, if encouraged, offer his MS. to a list of houses or of magazines recommended by the Society. There is nothing else to be done. No one, we repeat, can possibly help him. If those houses all refuse him, it is not the least use trymg others, and, if he is a wise man, he will refuse to pay for the production of his own work. If, how- ever, as too often happens, he is not a wise man, but believes that he has written a great thing, and is prepared to back his opinion to the extent of paying for his book, then let him place his work in the hards of the Society, and it shall be arranged for him without greater loss than the actual cost of production. At least he will not be deluded by false hopes and promises which can end in nothing. ———— Here is an advertisement which we have great pleasure in reproducing, name and all, for nothing. Why should not a woman make plots for stories? It is very certain that there are many novelists who cannot make plots for themselves, and try to do without: “Home Work.—Good Plots for novels for Sale.—Apply Miss Smallwood, The Lees, Great Malvern.” Some time ago a lady wrote offering plots at half a guinea. This seems a ridiculously small sum for a plot. Perhaps those of Miss Smallwood are priced at a higher figure. Mr. Andrew Lang, in the National Review for July, gives away a most excellent plot, a plot so good that it is recommended to any novelist who can command the local colouring and the Scottish language. Are the plots advertised provided with characters ? Are they divided into chapters? One would like a little fuller information.  86 To that poor derided thing, the novel with a purpose, Mr. Andrew Lang, also in the July number of the National Review, addresses words of comfort. He calls attention to certain novels with a purpose which have not, somehow, done so very badly. Such are “ Don Quixote,” ‘“ Uncle Tom’s Cabin,’ ‘Sandford and Merton,’’ “T’Assommoir,”’ “Nicolas Nickleby,’ ‘ Bleak House,” ‘‘ Old Mortality,” for instance. Then he shows how Fielding, Thackeray, Goethe, are con- stantly preaching. The fact is thatthere is nothing the whole world loves so much as preaching—in the active sense ; but the novelist is the only man who is allowed to preach without taking orders. The mere possession of a purpose does not, by itself, make a novel a consummate work of art: so far I do not mind going—I can even conceive such a thing as a dull and dismal novel with a purpose. But, on the other hand, its possession of a purpose does not thrust a novel beyond the pale, does not make it taboo, does not entitle us to say, “Tt’s pretty ; but is it art?” These are the taboos which critics invent when they simply happen not to like a book, when, as we said, there is a pre-established discord between their tastes and the author’s taste. Let us try to be more honourable and sportsmanlike in criticism. Let us record our impressions. ‘This book bores me.” “This book amuses me.” Nothing else is genuine. The committee of the Lowell Memorial is now formed. The form of the Memorial has been decided upon, and the committee are now pre- pared to receive donations. Need we in these pages do more than chronicle the fact? Lowell was so staunch a friend of the Society that every member ought to forward something towards this admirable and worthy object. Mr. Herbert Thring, secretary of the Society, is also hon. sec. to the Lowell memorial. Letters can be addressed to him. Among the men and women of letters on the committee are, in alphabetical order, Mrs. Lynn Linton, Mrs. Richmond Ritchie, Miss Anne Swanwick, Walter Besant, Augustine Birrell, R. D. Blackmore, James Bryce, Austin Dobson, Conan Doyle, Archdeacon Farrar, Edmund Gosse, Rider Haggard, R. H. Hutton, Professor Huxley, Dean Kitchen, Andrew Lang, W. E. H. Lecky, Sidney Lee, Sidney Low, Justin M‘Carthy, Norman M‘Ooll, James Martineau, George Mere- dith, Sir F. Pollock, and Theodore Watts. THE AUTHOR. LITERARY PROPERTY. I. A PusLisHeR In Banxruprcy. HE conclusion to be drawn from the article in last month’s Author on the effect of a publisher’s bankruptcy, seems to be this: that every author should consider the possibility of such an event happening when he parts with his copyright or with any portion of it. It is sug- gested that to hint at bankruptcy in dealing with a publisher would be invidious ; possibly it would, but so would it be to hint at death, though per- haps in a less degree; death being inevitable and so not discreditable ; and if there is anything in the point made in your article with regard to the personal skill of the publisher being part of what is bargained for, assuredly there should be a clause in every contract determining the fate of the wrk in question, in the event of the pub- lisher’s decease ; and if death is to be considered, why not bankruptcy r—‘ And in the event of the death or bankruptcy of the said A. B.”’ One can imagine it becoming a common form, though some skill will probably have to be exercised in drawing it. But, common form or not, it will often be omitted, and if it is omitted, what then? I submit that if the author has parted with his copyright, and the purchaser has ac- quired it (and this will be the first, and often a very knotty, question to be determined), then, if he has sold it for a fixed sum, not yet paid, he can only prove as a creditor for what is owing to him. If he has sold it for a royalty, he can prove for an amount to be assessed as damages for what he has lost. He has selected a mode of payment which has resulted unprofitably to him. ‘tis very unfortu- nate for him that the publisher has failed, but can any legal member of the society of authors regarding the matter as a lawyer, and without sympathy or prejudice, contend that the author can “‘sell” his copyright, and yet attach to a valuable piece of property, which certainly is “saleable,” a condition onerous to all future assignees of it? If this is possible, then no doubt it can be shown that the trustee in bankruptcy may disclaim such an asset. It may, however, be found that what was believed to be a sale of the copyright was only a licence to publish upon certain terms. Such a contract as this may no doubt be within the cases mentioned in your article (Stevens v. Benning, 1 K. & J. 168; Hole v. Bradbury, 12 Ch. Div. 886) in which it was expressly held that the copyright had not passed to the publisher.  THE Tt must not be forgotten that minute differences of wording may make the difference between a sale and no sale, that agreements between authors and publishers are often highly informal, and seldom contemplate every possible contingency, and that each case must stand by itself, by whatever general principles its decision is guided. I have assumed that the case of hardship suggested in your article is one where the property in the copy- right has passed before the bankruptcy took place. There is one hard case of not infrequent occur- rence which suggests itself while one is on this subject— What happens when a magazine fails, which has accepted an article (but not published or paid for it) ©” I should be inclined to think that if it could be established that the contract was that publi- cation should precede payment, it would be held to follow that the copyright intended to be sold remained the property of the author till the publication took place. This opinion, too, may provoke contradiction or discussion. ArcHig FAIRBAIRN. Temple, July 22. Tel A CHarGsE or PLAGIARISM. (Before Mr. Justice Wrieut, without a jury.) GODFREY V. BRADLEY AND CO. This was an action brought by the administra- tor of the late Mrs. Mary Rose Godfrey, authoress of a three-volume novel called “‘ Loyal,” to recover damages fo« infringement of copyright. “ Loyal ie was written by Mrs. Godfrey in 1870 and 1871, and published by 'Tinsleys in 1872. In 1874 the defen- dants published in the London Journal, weekly periodical, a story called ‘Mad Marriage.” Between May and November, 1888, the defendants published a reprint of “Mad Marriage, of which the plaintiff complained, on the ground that the plot in ‘Mad Marriage” was substantially the same as that in “ Loyal,” the scenes and incidents of the stories being the same, and in many places the language being identical. For the plaintiff Mr. Edmund Routledge and Mr. Spender were called, and said they had read the stories “ Loyal” and “Mad Marriage,” which were substantially identical, and if the parts of ‘Mad Marriage” which had been taken from “Loyal” were eliminated, the merit of “Mad Marriage” as a story would be gone. For the defence it was proved that ‘‘ Mad Marriage” had been written by Mrs. Fleming, an American lady, and was published in the Mew York Weekly; and that AUTHOR. 87 the former proprietor of the London Journal paid Mrs. Fleming £300 for it. Several witnesses were also called to show that the two stories were not identical, the minor characters being different. . Mr. Justice WricHt, in giving judgment, said there was no doubt as to the fact of the piracy, although the defendants no doubt did it innocently. There were a succession of similar scenes, and exact similarity of language to corresponding characters in corresponding situations. That showed that the comcidents of the plot were not accidental. This coincidence of the plots was very different to mere similarity of literature usually found in novels. The main plot of “Loyal” had been incorporated into ‘“ Mad Marriage.” As to the nature of relief that should be granted, no doubt the American authoress would say she had worked up the English copper and added her own gold. But, whatever she might say, there was no doubt she was seriously indebted to the author of “ Loyal.” Tt was not apparent that the plaintiff had suffered any substantial damage, and he thought the justice of the case would be met by a judgment for £50 with costs, the defendants being by agreement at libe ty to go on publishing already printed numbers ot the London Journal containing the story of ‘ Mad Marriage.” Mr. R. T. Reid, Q.C., and Mr. Cababé were for the plaintiff; Mr. Channell, QC. and Mr Wilkinson for the defendants. The secretary of the Society of Authors was subpeenaed in the above case as a technical witness, and stated as his opinion, after reading both books, that “Mad Marriage” was not such a substantial copy of “Loyal” as to amount to infringement of copyright. The case was decided by the judge almost entirely on the similarity of the plots.— From the Times of July 23. The case of Godfrey v. Bradley and Co. presents many points of interest. In the first place we must remember that nothing is so easy as to bring forward charges of plagiarism, while nothing is more difficult to disprove. Further, nothing is so likely to happen in the present multiplication of novels than the adoption of the same leading idea by two or more writers at the same time or at different times. Everyone will remember cases in which this novel or that novel has been shown to possess the same plot as some other. Livery novelist of any distinction can auote letters received by him, charging him with the appropriation of a plot, of a character, of a situation, of a whole group of characters and situations. In most cases, the charge is,  88 brought by a writer of whom the world has never heard, against a writer who is successful. One novelist states that he has been accused of theft by a dozen different people, concerning whom he knows nothing, and whose works he has never seen or heard of. Another novelist was once accused of stealing from a well-known work by a poet of the last generation, which is as much as if one were to steal Barnaby Rudge or Samuel Weller. We are, therefore, very deeply con- cerned in the matter. If resemblance of plot and character is to be taken as constituting plagiarism, then all novelists are liable to be hauled before the High Court of Justice, and condemned in costs. And nothing can well be more disastrous to novelists, poets, or dramatists, than a decision against the author in such a charge, except upon the clearest possible evidence. In the case above reported Mr. Thring was invited by a well-known novelist, not concerned in the case, to read the two books called respectively “ Loyal” and ‘Mad Marriage,” and to give his opinion as to whether the latter could be called a copy of the former. He accepted, not knowing that the plaintiff was a member of the Society ; he could not very well guess the fact, because the author of the first novel was deceased. After reading both books, he came to the conclu- sion that, though there were some points of similarity in the plot—for instance, the sacrifice that one brother makes for another is the same motif in both books—yet, by the existing con- ditions of copyright law, and by cases recently decided. by the courts, the case was not one which could legally be called an infringement of copy- right. This opinion, on being subpeenaed, he stated in court. The case was given against Mr. Thring’s opinion, but he continues to think that the points of similarity which certainly exist may be explained im one or two ways, without admitting plagiarism at all. For instance, the author of the second work may never have read the first work at all, or she may have read the moézf in a review, and remembered it, while she forgot the circumstance of having read it; or both might be due to a common origin. Thus it was proved by several witnesses that the minor characteristics were different. And it does not appear from the decision of the judge, as given by the TZimes, that he had himself read both books. Mr. Thring’s action, which was authorised perhaps hastily and without ascertaining that the plaintiff in the case was a member of the Society, was wholly prompted by a laudable desire to forward the interests of the Society and its members from the point of view set forth above. —S THE AUTHOR. IIl. YET Not A PLAGIARISM. The following extract from a letter received by the editor of this paper may show how ideas floating in the air may take root in different minds and produce similar fruits: “How did this idea come into my head when I was in the back blocks of New South Wales some five or six years ago, and when I had never heard of your book or the writer? Your bookis said to have originated the People’s Palace, and my book is entitled ‘The: People’s Palace,’ and I never heard of that building or its name until I came back to London three years ago. When ITheard the name I thought that was coincidence enough, but when my curiosity led me to read the book in which the idea was first put forward—but you can perhaps imagine my feelings. You have even named your hero Harry, the same as mine.” oc “THE LONDON EDITOR” AGAIN. I N the National Review c.f July there is an article by myself in reply to the ‘“ London Editor’s’”’ misrepresentations and attacks In that reply I point-d out what has already appeared in the Author, that he had examined a list which had not been published, and which he could not possibly have seen. Very well. Hereis his reply, added to my article as a postscript :— It does seem.odd that “A London Editor” should have spoken about conning a list which no mortal eyes but those of Mr. Besant and his immediate colleagues have ever beheld. But the error is one of expression merely ; no dis- regard for truth was involved in it. Although the list of the society’s members is now concealed, it is not impossible to con it with the mind’s eye. It was published four or five years ago; every year since then we have had a sample of it in the printed lists of those who attended the annual dinner ; and the sum total of the members has been declared from time to time. Therefore—especially when we consider that there is constantly published a list of the council, on which list the names of the most representative members of the society appear—there is nothing very dreadful in the slip of which Mr. Besant makes so much. He said in his article distinctly: ‘“ When one cons the long list of the members ’’—those were his words. I say, ‘There is no list of the members. You cannot con a thing which does not exist. In saying this you deliberately give readers to understand that you have the present list of members 1n your hands. Nobody from your words could understand anything else. And you could not have the list m your hands because it is not published.”  THE AUTHOR. Very well. He now says that he knows who the members are. How? First, by an old list, when we were about 200 in number, which was printed some years 0. F econd, by the printed lists of those who attend the annual dinner, about a hundred and eighty in number, at the most. Did he cut out those lists, two of which had, when he wrote, appeared in the Author? Or did he remember them ? Third, by the list of the council, which contains forty-five names. From these data he pretends to know the 850 members of the society. I fear that this paragraph will be set down as —to say the least—evasive. As regards the rest, he evades all the points, and leaves my answer untouched. In fact, what I had to say was so simple and straightforward that there was nothing to answer, except to deny damaging and malig- nant assertions disproved by every document put forward by the society.—W. B. T, “Tt is a little difficult to understand why the efforts of a large body of representative English men and women of letters to vindicate the dignity of their profession, and to secure greater protec- tion for literary property, should provoke the wrath of any member of their own calling. Dis- honest publishers— who, happily, are not a very numerous body—may be expected to love the Society of Authors no better than the thief does the policeman; and even the honest publisher, being human, may occasionally feel disposed to censure it as meddlesome; but why should any writer lift his pen against it? Whether he is a member or not, it is working for his benefit, and the more completely the society succeeds in the attainment of its objects, the more reason will he have to be glad of the day when it was called into existence. If the supposed writer be not a member of the society one would imagine that he would be all the more gratefully disposed towards it. Here are some 800 menand women of letters subscribing their annual guinea in order that his property, as well as theirs, may rise in value and his calling in public esteem. Is it possible for him to do otherwise than entertain a hearty desire for the success of their labours? One would be tempted to reply that it is not, were it not that in the June number of the National Review there appeared a paper subscribed “ A London Editor,” to which Mr. Besant replies in the new issue of the same magazine. The anony- VOL. III. 89 mous editor in question was careful indeed to state that he wrote in general sympathy with the Society of Authors, but he contrived in his criti- cisms to dissemble his love of the society so successfully, that it is not surprising its chairman should have credited him with a desire to kick it downstairs. Mr. Besant, accordingly, handles his critic without the gloves in the July number of the National Review and delivers a succession of telling blows. The assailant thus converted into the assailed is permitted by the editors of the Review to subjoin a rejoinder to Mr. Besant’s reply; but he would probably have been better advised had he refrained from doing so, He cannot attempt to deny that he is convicted of grave inaccuracies ; and his sneers at the annual dinner of the Society of Authors are as pointless in themselves as they are beside the point at issue. Why should not the society in question hold its yearly dinner as well as any other body of crafts- men in art or science? It has long been the reproach of the literary calling that its members were more divided by petty jealousies and more incapable of union than those of almost any other profession. If an annual dinner helps to extinguish feud and to promote the recognition of a common interest, it is to be hoped that that of the Society of Authors will long continue to draw together as numerous and representative a company as it did a few weeks ago.” —Salisbury and Winchester Times, July 16. ee THE CIVIL LIST. 1. HE Civil List Pensions for the year ending June 20th, 1890, are now announced. They include grants as follows: Literature : Miss Amelia Edwards (for services in literature and archeology) ; three daughters of the late Rev. F. H. Scrivener (Greek Testament scholar) ; Mrs. Garden, daughter of the Ettrick Shepherd ; Mrs. Freeman, widow of Professor Freeman, the historian ; Edward Walford; Henry Bradley (of the New English Dictionary). Science: Mrs. Bettany, widow of G. T. Bettany ; Mrs. Carpenter, widow of Dr. Philip Carpenter ; T. W. Levin (philosophy and mental science) ; George Gore, F'.A.S., chemistry ; H. D. Dunning (political economy). Thrust into the list where they do not belong, except by what used to be called a job, the widow of a consul, who has besides a larger grant than any person connected with letters; and three i  go THE AUTHOR. daughters of the late head of a Government department. A further exainination of the list shows that to be the widow of a consul is to be assessed at a pension of £120 a year, while to be the widow of the greatest historian of the day only entitles one to a pension of £100. Itfurther shows that there is some malign influence at work in connection with this list, which not only includes cases never con- templated in the Resolution by virtue of which this grant is annually made, but also excludes persons who achieve eminence (but not fortune) in fiction and belles lettres. Now, among the applicants of this year was a lady whose novels have gained her a very high place among contemporary artists. The case was so strong and so splendidly backed that it seemed as if it must command success, No, she is a novelist; fiction is not literature. Let her starve. Let the pension which should be her’s be given to the widows and daughters of men in the Civil Service, who have nothing whatever to do with literature, science, or art. Further, we remark that out of seventeen pensions eleven are granted to widows and daughters and six only to living people; that eight are bestowed on litera- ture, five on science, and none at all on art; that four are robbed of their original intention and given away outside. We observe lastly that poets, dramatists, actors, novelists, essayists, and journalists, are not represented at all on the list. Yet, even with these objections, the list is the best that has appeared for years. II. In the list above quoted it was stated that the pension was granted to Miss Amelia B, Edwards in recognition of her services to literature and archeology and in consideration of her in- adequate means of support. The Academy states that Miss Edwards received the pension thinking that it was in recognition of her ser- vices to archeology ; that she never put forward any claim on the ground of poverty; that she had means quite sufficient, and that she never understood that she had any claims on the ground of services to literature. In fact, though Miss Amelia Edwards wrote during a period of sixteen years, namely from 1864 to 1880, half a dozen novels, all of them reaching and maintain- ing a high level, she was not in any sense a great writer, nor could she be rightly spoken of as having rendered great services to literature. SHELLEY CENTENARY. ERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY was born at Field Place, near Horsham, Sussex, on Aug. 4, 1792. The Centenary of his birth is, therefore, close at hand. As Shelley was the foremost man Sussex has given to the world of letters, the county has naturally taken the lead in organising a centenary cele- bration. Meetings have been held at Horsham, and the following influential committee, fully representative of the town and neighbourhood, has been appointed: Mr. R. H Hurst, J.P., D.L. (Chairman West Sussex Quarter Sessions), the Rev. C. J. Robinson (Vicar of Horsham), the Rev. R. Bowcott (Vicar of Warnham), the Rev. A. F. Young, the Rev. J. J. Marten, the Rev. C. M. Greenway, Mrs. Prewett, Miss Sadler, Mr. E. J. Bostock (chairman of the Local Board), Mr. Henry Mitchell, Mr. J. F. A. Cotching, Mr. T. Kirsopp, Mr. A. Agate, Mr. H. Churchman, Mr. J. Harrington, Mr. S. Price, Mr. William Sharp, Mr. J. Stanley Little, and Mr. J. J. Robinson. With these are associated the president and hon. secretary of the Shelley Society, Mr. W. M. Rossetti, and Mr. T. J. Wise. At a meeting of this committee, held on Friday, June 17, it was decided that, both on general and local grounds, the most fitting memorial to the poet would be a ‘Shelley Library and Museum,” to be established at Horsham. It is intended that the institution shall absorb existing libraries, and that it shall be governed in such a manner as to secure the support of all sections of the com- munity. The library will include, in addition to — general literature, all such works as may be specially connected with Shelley. In the museum a home will be found for such personal relics of the poet as the committee may be able to acquire. The present opportunity of honouring and perpetuating Shelley’s memory in the place of his birth, is one of which students and lovers of his poetry in every continent will be eager to take advantage. For this purpose funds are needed, and this appeal is issued in the confi- dent belief that there must be many who would wish to enable the committee to give complete and substantial expression to an aim, so thoroughly in accord with Shelley’s message . to the world. Subscriptions may be sent to the hon. secre- — taries, J. Stanley Little, Buck’s Green, Rudewick, Horsham, Sussex; and J. J. Robinson, West S Sussex Gazette, Arundel, Sussex. Cheques should be crossed “London and County Banking  THE Company, Limited, Horsham Branch,” and made :payable to “The Shelley Memorial Fund.” We have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient Servants, Frederick Leighton. Noel Paton. Onslow Ford. Henry Irving. W. B. Ripon. FE. W. Farrar. Walter H. Pollock. Walter Crane. Edmund Clarence Stedman. EK. Lynn Linton. Hallam Tennyson. Thomas J. Wise. Tennyson. ) Coleridge. / William Morris. c Edward Dowden. Stopford A. Brooke. a Richard Garnett. AY W. M. Rossetti. Leslie Stephen. Andrew Lang. Theodore Watts. William Sharp. H. Buxton Forman. Gabriel Sarrazin. Walter Besant. R. H. Hurst, Chairman, J. J. Robinson, ) Hon. Jas. Stanley Little, “On behalf of the Shelley Centenary Committee at Horsham. Secs., | It is suggested that a Shelley library and / museum should be erected at Horsham, the poet’s ‘ai birth place. It is unfortunate that no place can _» be found for a monument to the poet which is free aofrom unhappy associations, whether Horsham, ‘4 Oxford, London, or Italy. Since we cannot bring “any remedy to this misfortune, we must endure it. «. Aninstitute, something like the Shakespeare house Jat Stratford, would be an excellent form of ‘memorial. It is to be hoped that the committee ‘© will let us know before long how much money “ithey require. A mere invitation to give some- sidthing is not the best way to get anything. 1oW Would such an institute cost a thousand, two -o@ thousand, ten thousand pounds ? —_———_—__——— oc THE ASSOCIATION LITTERAIRE. of HE secretary of the Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale, which boasts =. Of having Victor Hugo for its founder, rt writes to the Times (July 14, 1892), disclaiming "4 any connection with the person Morgan, and his “merry company. Surely that disclaiming was 9 needless. No one ever dreamed of connecting «if this Association with the person now awaiting 4 trial. It is, however, difficult to understand what of the Association does or proposes to do for the AUTHOR. of interests of literature and of literary men. It holds a congress every year. This year it will be held at Milan. Two or three years ago it was held at London. They ignored this Society altogether, which was one reason why not a single man of letters attended the Congress. The following, however, is the programme for the Milan meeting. In case any of our members find themselves at Milan during the third week of September, they may be interested in the proceedings :— r4® CONGRES INTERNATIONAL — MILAN 1892. PROGRAMME DES TRAVAUX. 1. Etude complete de la Convention de Berne et des modifications A y introduire en vue de la Conférence diplomatique qui doit se réunir a Paris en 1893 ; Littérature. — Thédtre. — Musique. — Arts graphiques. — Architecture. Rapporteurs: MM. Frédéric Baetzmann, Victor Souchon, Alcide Darras, Charles Lucas, Henri Morel, Harmand, Mettetal, Buloz, G. Maillard, Rothlisberger, G. Giacosa, Charles Panattoni, Augusto Ferrari, Jules Lermina, c. 2. Des rapports existant entre la protection de la propriété intellectuelle et le développement des littératures nationales. Rapporteur: M. Max Nordau ; 3. Projet de loi sur le contrat Rapporteur: M. Eugéne Pouillet ; 4. De la statistique internationale des ceuvres littéraires et des régles 4 formuler pour I’¢tablisse- ment de ladite statistique. Rapporteur: M. Rothlisberger. PRoGRAMME DES Fites ET SOLENNITES. Excursion sur le lac de Céme et banquet organisés et offerts aux Congressistes par la municipalité de Milan. Concert offert par la Société des Auteurs Italiens. Excursion et banquet pique-nique a la Char- treuse de Milan. Réception au Palais de la Ville. Inauguration au Palais de Brera du monument élevé A la mémorie de ‘“ Paolo Ferrari,’ auteur dramatique, ancien président de Y Association littéraire et artistique internationale au Congres de Rome (1883). Les séances du Congrés auront lieu dans les Salles du Conseil municipal, au Palais de la Ville de Milan, du samedi 17 au samedi 24 septembre 1892. Des salles seront réservées pour la réunion des Commissions. Une séance préparatoire aura lieu le vendredi 16 H 2 d’édition.  g2 septembre, dans l’aprés-midi. Les membres du Congrés sont instamment priés d’y assister. Le centre de réunion amicale est établi dans les salles dela Société la Famigha Artistica auprés du Palais de la Ville, quis’est mise cordialement 4 la complete disposition des Congressistes. Le Congrés se compose : 1. Des membres de l’Association littéraire et artistique internationale ; 2. Des membres de la Société des Auteurs italiens ; 3. Des adhérents au Congrés présentés par deux membres de 1’Association ou par la Société des Auteurs italiens ; 4. Des délégués des Sociétés Frangaises et étran- géres, désignés par le bureau de ces Sociétés et porteurs de pouvoirs réguliers. Les dames sont admises. Les cotisations sont fixées : Pour les membres de |’ Association et pour les délégués des Sociétés (non Italiennes) 4 la somme de 20 francs. Pour les adhérents présentés (non Italiens) a la somme de 30 francs. Pour les membres Italiens s'adresser au Comité italien, a Milan. Comité Italien: — Président, M. Giovanni Visconti-Venosta, président de la Société des Auteurs; vice-président, M. Enrico Rosmini ; secrétaire, M. Augusto Ferrari; membres, MM. Carlo Baravelli; Arrigo Boito; Enrico Fano, sénateur ; Giuseppe Giacosa; comte Emilio Gola; Leone Fortis; Luigi Gualda; Ulrico Hepli; Giulio Ricordi; Edoardo Sonzogno; Emilio Treves. spec THE LAME BOY IN THE WOODS. Each season hath its sadness, but for me Summer hath most of all. I scarce know why, But though its sylvan beauty soothes my soul And brings sweet reveries—though the happy birds, Discoursing music, stir my mind with dreams, With melodies, with thoughts of deep delight, Yet still there lurks within the summer’s heart, Or in mine own, a pain—a deep, wild pain— Which, even amid still Autumn’s ravages I never feel, nor yet in Winter’s storms. Is it, I ask, that Summer’s voiceless spell, Her loveliness of copse and lea and flower Is all too soon dissolved—that blossoms fade When Summer’s glory dies? Ah, no; Ah, no! It is that Summer’s mocking gladness lends To loss a sharper sting when I recall The joy of buoyant health and tireless limbs Which others feel—a joy that knows not me. Macxenziz BELL. oct THE AUTHOR. NOTES AND NEWS. R. CHURTON COLLINS has published (Macmillan and Co.) a Plea for the recognition of English Literature at the Universities. That is to say, he would separate literature from philology, and place the former on a proper footing. The thing has already been advocated by Goschen, and by John Morley, by Mr. Churton Collins in the Quarterly Review, by Matthew Arnold, Jowett, Pater, and Froude. The plea is not one to which | we ought to turn a deaf ear. I venture to ~ invite all who are concerned in the cultivation of literary taste; all who desire that the noble literature of our country should be properly taught, and systematically studied; to procure this book and to read it carefully; perhaps the reader may have it in his power to forward the views advanced ; in any case he can lend the book, and get it talked about, which is the surest way of advancing a book. More than ever is sucha study as is advocated by Mr. Collins wanted at the universities. We have, growing up among _ us, an ever increasing number of readers— those who have learned to look upon reading © as a necessity, one of the simple wants of life, Formerly only those read much who had received _ some kind of literary training. Their minds were filled with literary traditions. These new readers — have no literary traditions—no knowledge of — literature. How then would a school at Oxford — influence the new class of readers? In this way. — It would fill the country with professors and teachers of literature; these professors and teachers would spread abroad a knowledge of the =< thing itself as an existent and an important sub-— ject; they would also, quite naturally, take over those critical duties on. the local papers, which are now relegated as often as not to the youngest recruit. Criticism based on recognised standards of style, on trained knowledge of structure and form, and on learning exact and broad, would place litera ture in quite a new light to the average reader. There are a thousand reasons, in short, why @ — school of literature must be founded, most 0 which will be suggested by an examination 0 this important little book. - I am sorry to notice the death of John Mac gregor whom I have known for five-and-twent, years. During the last few years of his life h had retired to Eastbourne, where his power rapidly declined. John Macgregor was a man 0 singular activity, both mental and physical, an  THE AUTHOR. _was also a man of great pluck and perseverance. «4 What he did for the cause of poor and friendless -‘lads was extraordinary ; what he tried to do with shis “Pure Literature Society’—I believe it J>excludes Dickens on account of a strong word or . two which has been discovered in that generally «+ blameless novelist—was even more extraordinary. - He wrote two or three books of travel, but his + literary gift was not great; he held the narrowest views of religious doctrine, but he held them quite clearly. They were sharply outlined in his own = mind, and I believe they never changed. From _ jhis point of view they were quite logical ; he was | a leader in that declining school of which the + late Lord Shaftesbury was the most complete «7 representative. John Macgregor, who knew his ‘own value, partly because he really had done aie things considerably in the philanthropic world, baand partly because many people took care that - -he should not forget the fact, was one of the '« first to introduce the canoe; he was generally / to be seen onthe bank before the University race. -}, Let me add that he was a gentleman in every sense / 4 of the word; a gentleman born; a gentleman b bred; and a gentleman who hated things base ba and mean with the contempt which one should + bestow upon all things reptile. I learn, from a i short notice in the Athenzum, what I did not ron know before, that he formerly wrote for Punch. < | It is astonishing to think that John Macgregor + could ever have written a single line for that periodical. It must have been a long time ago. Was there not once a short period when Punch was—well—not quite so funny as usual ? ee The other day I bought for fourpence and tried “9 to read, but with only partial success, the ‘‘ Pur- gatory of Suicides.” It is not an inviting poem. 41 I thought that the author had been dead a long a) time. Yet he was living, and he died in the vl middle of last month, having attained to the age » 16 of eighty-seven. The death of Thomas Cooper has caused quite a revival of old Chartist ‘6; memories. The survivors of the leading spirits «) in that movement are now very few. _ Its history sea has never been written, though Carlyle furnished »+ a contemporary commentary upon it. Sa Mr. Louis Stevenson appears to find the climate 1, of Samoa conducive to industry. Two more © volumes of his are announced to be published in 61) the course of the next month, a History of Samoa “ae and a volume containing two stories (Cassell). «ff Three volumes, with “The Wrecker,” and“ Across sd) the Plains,” and “David Balfour,” which is to 29% begin in the autumn, make up a very good show 93 for the year. His friends, however, have not yet begun to ask for less. A club conference, sitting the other day in judgment on his recent works, unanimously agreed that “The Wrecker” is as good as anything he has ever done. The writer of the interview with Mr. Gosse, from whom a line was quoted last month, begs us to state, in justification of his own accuracy, that he read over his report twice to Mr. Gosse. His accuracy was not in any way questioned, but it is quite possible to say things in conversation, and even to listen to a report of words which mean more than one would commit to the printed page. With this reservation we quite accept the accuracy of the interviewer. Se In the new and current number of Longman’s, Mr. Andrew Lang refers to the Author. “Is it not,” ne asks, “a little careless to assert that a half-crown book costs twenty-six shillings?” Surely, but how does the question affect the Author? I have looked carefully through the July number, and cannot find that any such state- ment has been made. Next, Mr. Lang refers to my complaint—not mine alone, but that of every- body who wants to complete the works of a favourite author—on the scattering of books among various houses. He says that different publishers issue different kinds of books. True, But in the case of popular and distinguished writers, I do not know any publisher who would not willingly issue all the books, whatever the subject, which that writer might choose to put forth. Again, after a word or two on certain late contributions to the Author, he asks what is meant by saying that “ Mr. Gifford’s Lectures ”’ are to be published ? What is meant, indeed? This is a question that has been asked by many. The writer of that unlucky paragraph has already received nearly as terrible a punishment as he deserves, and the editor who passed the blunder without notice consents to be set down as—what- ever the reader pleases to call him. ———— In the same magazine and the same number, everybody will read with delight Mr. Grant Allen’s Biography of Lucy and Eliza One out of the twelve essays forming Mr. George Saintsbury’s latest book has been noticed elsewhere, at some length, for reasons there explained. There are, however, at least four of  94 the remaining essays which very closely concern ourselves—that is, those who are presumably the most deeply interested in literature. They are essays on English prose style, on modern English Prose, on the Young England Movement, and on the Contrasts of English and French literature. I hope that we may find room to consider their essays in our next number. Is there any reader of recent verse who can name the author of the following ? A MEETING. “T can recall so well how she would look— How at the very murmur of her dress On entering the door, the whole room took An air of gentleness. “ That was so long ago, and yet his eyes Had always, afterwards, the look that waits And yearns, and waits again, nor can disguise Something it contemplates. “May we imagine it? the sob, the tears, The long, sweet, shuddering breath ; then, on her breast, The great, full, flooding sense of endless years Of heaven, and her, and rest.” — The following comes from Texas, which is a long way off : “Dear Sir,—Could you send me for preserva- tion in my collection, letters or other papers, written or signed by the following distinguished persons? Notice letters would be of greater interest than the signatures alone. If portraits or photographs can be sent also, they would be highly appreciated, adding very much to the interest of my collection.—Sincerely yours, + 3 * One is naturally so very desirous of adding to the interest of a stranger ina foreign land. That may be taken for granted! And it is so sweetly reasonable for that foreign collector to invite com- plete strangers in another land to strip them- selves of valuable and interesting autographs ! And how about our own collections ? The letter is remarkable for another reason. It is type written in very small type, all capitals, on a tiny sheet of notepaper. I have long expected the arrival of the small type-writer, and here it is. The whole letter is not more than an inch and a half long by three inches broad. How delightful it will be to get rid of the great square letter size, sometimes on thick paper! Does this invention come from Texas? In that case I think I must show my gratitude and send a letter or two for preservation in this alien’s valuable collection. — THE AUTHOR. The Dundee Advertiser has a few remarks about the “‘ Notes from Paris”’ and Mr. Sherard’s remarks on Zola. The article suggests that I shall probably decline responsibility for Mr, Sherard’s notes. [ certainly might do go, The article also speaks of Zola as the “ unspeak- | able,” as ‘‘ vicious and abominable ;”’ as a novelist -who has all the “ wickedness and more of the wit of either Fielding or Smollett.” I really was of opinion that in the genius of Zola the world had come to an understanding that it was agreed on all — hands that Zola has very great genius. I thought it was also understood that there were things in — his novels which render them wholly unfit for school girls or young people. As we are not all school girls, as the members of our society may at least be allowed to recognise genius, to admire genius, to be interested in reading about them who are endowed with this rare and precious quality, it was, one submits, pleasing to read in Mr. Sherard’s notes, the enthusiasm of a young writer for genius, and the enthusiasm of Paris— not School Paris—for a new book by that man of genius. And does the writer preach or teach no morality? Does he in that most terrible of alltem- perance tracts—‘ L’ Assommoir ’”’—teach drunken- ness ? One might go farther and claim that inthe — rigid fidelity of his “vicious” scenes he disgusts the reader with vice. One need not, however, seek to defend Zola in his realistic moods. There are things in him—as there are in a dissecting room—which some eyes cannot gaze upon. Allow — for this; keep his books from the school girl, and acknowledge the genius of the writer. It is significant of the way in which opinion is drifting that the Hospital is advocating the creation of medical peerages. “ Why,” asks this paper, “should an eminent physician, such as Jenner or Paget, be less worthy of a peerage than the lawyers, soldiers, sailors, and statesmen, who have been raised to the Upper House.” Why, indeed? And in another paper one reads the report — repeated with approval — that the President of the Royal Academy is to be created a peer. It is, however, added, as if the circum- stance would make the thing easier, that the president is unmarried. Hereupon, one naturally asks why the son of an artist should be less worthy to succeed to a peerage than the son of a brewer or of a soldier? . We are gradually coming round, it will be observed, to the opinion that national distinctions, if they are to be re- tained at all, must be given for national services ‘of all kinds; thatthe present method of scatter- ing abroad these distinctions brings them into contempt; and that, though it is good for a com-  THE AUTHOR. 95 ~ mercial nation to honour success in commerce, it is bad to refuse honours to those who advance -. that nation in literature, science, and art, and every | other liberal profession. Therefore, I repeat what {1 [have already advanced more than once, that, if _ national distinctions are contemptible, we ought -to do everything in our power to get them i} abolished ; but if they are desirable and honour- ‘able, they should be bestowed only in return for services to the country; and that all honourable «> services of every kind must be equally recognised. Watter BESANT. FEUILLETON. I. Tur PusLisHeR’s READER. . THNHINGS were going very badly with Tom | Denny. They had been going very badly with him for some time. It was not his fault. It was certainly his mis- “4 fortune. His contributions to literature were not © appreciated ; the publishers refused to be bothered » with his manuscripts. It was not his fault, as we » said before; his style was easy, his stories were ; ingenious, and his opinions were sound. But he was in advance of his time—he said so himself; and this, with publishers, and even more with editors, is worse than being behindit. Even stale news is more marketable than prophecy. The public prefers overripe fruit to unripe. So, while the plagiarists and dealers in literary réchauffeés, and other time-servers, were thriving, our friend Tom Denny was positively starving. The only satisfaction he could cherish was that he was alone; he had no wife, no children, to starve in company with him. Until now he had proudly refrained from lean- ing upon friends and acquaintances for support in his profession ; a profession, the true appren- tices to which always hope a vain thing, namely, that mere merit alone will unlock the barred gate of the road leading to success. But as every successful writer can tell, while merit is some- thing, a touch of luck is everything, towards deflecting the needle of fortune from “stormy” to “ change,” “ fair,” and “ set fair.” : One day, during a period of great distress, and feeling as if he was throwing away the independ- ence of spirit to which he had hitherto clung, Tom set out to ask advice, and (if need be) help, from an old schoolfellow, whose literary fortunes were the very reverse of his own. George Davenport had chambers in the Temple. Although in the swing of his morning’s work, he received Tom with a hearty welcome. “Haven't seen you for an age!” he com- plained. Tom apologised for his neglect of an old friend, and allowed the other to talk upon commonplace subjects for a minute or two. Then he braced himself for the effort, and commenced to explain the state of his affairs. “JT may as well make a clean breast of it! You know, George, that I have no regular income ; and my relations are so aristocratic that literary pursuits are far, very far, beneath their con- tempt.” “ Brutes!’? muttered George Davenport. “ Well, I have worked till my health is gone. I have written till my pigeon holes and shelves are filled up. I have put into my work all that my conscience demands, and my powers allow. My manuscripts have been presented everywhere, and have been of late almost everywhere “declined with thanks.” Only two or three of them are in the publishers’ hands now. I have come to the end of my strength, of my spirit, and of my purse. I have absolutely nothing to live upon, and consequently nothing worth living for, and I dare not contemplate, nor suggest the result in prospect, if—if I cannot persuade some kind friend to give me a hand,” “Good heavens, man! Is it as bad as that? a Tom made no reply, and hung his head to hide the mist in his eyes. George Davenport looked at his watch, and clicked the lid sharply as he restored the gold repeater to his pocket. He made no reference whatever to the subject upon which Tom had spoken to him. “Are you in a hurry?” he inquired. “ Have you anything particular to do?” Tom shook his head in reply, as if he had nothing more to do in this life. “Don’t run away,” proceeded Davenport. “Stop with me, and have some lunch and a chat over old times.” Tom seemed too dispirited to offer any opposi- tion, He was hungry, moreover, poor soul, having scarcely known what a good meal was for months past. Meantime, so pessimistic was his judgment, that for a moment he suspected his friend of offering hospitality as a set-off against an intention to refuse help. In this he soon admitted himself wrong. Lunch was served. Davenport dismissed his man-servant, who had laid the table. He waited till Tom had began to enjoy the healthy stimulus of wholesome food, and then for the first time reverted to the object of Tom’s visit. 96 “Can you review books?” he asked. “Why, of course you can; I ought to have known better than to ask.” “ Any fool can review a book—after his own fashion !”’ “ Precisely,” said George Davenport, with a twinkle in his eye. ‘“ That is just how I review them. You can do much better. By the bye, why don’t you read for a publisher? The pay is not princely ; but it’s bread and cheese, after all.” “Why don’t IP Chiefly because I cannot get within a hundred miles of a publisher, so to speak. Besides, I hate the publishers!” “So does everyone! Butthey areuseful. For example, they employ me occasionally. They sent me half-a-dozen unpublished manuscripts to read for them a month ago—I haven’t had time to at- tend to them yet, though they are comparatively short—authors anonymous—unspeakable trash, no doubt. Stay! I glanced at one of them. It was not so very bad—rather clever, indeed—and quite an easy and inexpensive sort of volume to bring out. If the whole book is as interesting as the first page I should recommend the publishers to accept it.” “« What is it called ?” “T really cannot remember—it is a_ type- written thing.” Tom sighed. His manuscripts, too, were type- written ; but nobody recommended the publishers to accept them. “Now, Tom,” exclaimed George Davenport, ‘I wish you would do me a favour. I have been fearfully busy lately, and I really cannot find time to wade through the bundle of manuscripts. No doubt the publishers are growing impatient— to say nothing of the unfortunate authors.” “ Poor authors !”’ thought Tom. “Now, if you will do the work for me, you are welcome to the pay, and I shall be awfully obliged to you.” “ T shall be delighted,” Tom responded, seeing through his friend’s delicately-veiled device to assist him out of his difficulties. “ Well, you area good chap,” said Davenport, continuing to assume that the favour came from Tom. “And look here—I’ll give you a cheque row—I might be away, or ill, or dead, don’t you know, when you bring back your report.” Tom could only thank him, press his hand, and hasten to begin the work. The cheque was but a small one, not large enough to suggest that he was in receipt of charity, but large enough to stave off the spectre of starvation. Once at home, he sat at his table, and opened the parcel of manuscripts to which his friend had meted out such scant mercy. THE AUTHOR. He removed the brown paper covering. On the top of the pile lay the type-written sheets alluded to by Davenport. On reading the title, Tom Denny started and grew pale. He ran his eye nervously over the first few lines, and threw himself back in his chair with an exclamation of astonishment. What was there in this manuscript which aroused in him such strange emotions ? Why did he bury his face in his hands ? An hour went by, but he had not turned a page, The precious time had been spent by him in musing, muttering, and malediction! He seemed to have lost the power of work—to be labouring under some inexplicable form of indecision, in- spired by the type-written leaves. At last he roused himself and flung aside the offending manuscript. Seizing upon the next one in order, he applied himself vigorously, heart and soul, to the duty of mastering its value and transferring his judgment of it to paper. This doue, he attacked the third likewise and so on with the rest. Having thus treated all but one, namely, the typed one, he returned the lot to their brown paper covering, and went to bed. Whether he went to sleep or not, it is impossible to say for certain. But one thing is clear; when he went to breakfast next morning he wore a smile on his lips, and moved with the air of a man who had squared some difficulty and is at peace with conscience. Before twenty-four hours had elapsed from his entermg Mr. Davenport's chambers on the previous day, Tom Denny re-entered that gentle- man’s room, with the bundle of manuscripts under his arm, and a conscientious type-written report upon their merits and shortcomings, together with some sound advice as to their publication or the reverse—all ready for despatch to the firm of publishers, if approved by Davenport. “My dear old fellow!” exclaimed that gentle- man, “I really cannot spare time to read what you have written about these things, I am sure it is all right and just what the publishers want!” “Do you not know who any of the authors are?” “ Not I, and I don’t want to know.” The bundle was sent on to the publishers without the MSS. or the reader’s opinion being so much as looked at by Davenport. Two day later Tom Denny received a note from the publishers who had his MS. ‘“ Dear sir,”. ran, “we should like to see you concerning the MS. with which you have favoured us. If you a could conveniently call any afternoon this week between three and five we should be very glad to  THE - see you.—Your obedient servants, SMILES AND SwEETBEAM.,” Tom smiled. Tom read the letter time. Tom laughed. He called the very next day. He was received by Mr. Smiles himself, the senior partner. ‘‘ We have received, Mr. Denny,” said the great man, “an opinion on your MS. which lifts your work quite above the average of MSS. submitted to us. He says, in fact ’”’— here he took up a type- written paper—“humph, ‘ plot quite fresh and original; characters strong ; humour abundant; situations strong; grip of the story from the opening page.’ Well, sir, this opinion induces us to make you an offer which you will not, I think, refuse. We will take the whole risk of this story ; we will publish it at our own expense and in our best style ; and we will give you, when the first five hundred copies of the three-volume edition are disposed of, a ten per cent. royalty. Does this suit you?” Of course it suited him. That it was a one-sided and an iniquitous proposal he found out after- wards. All he wanted at this moment was a start. And he got it. For the opinion was correct. Tom Denny did no more than justice to his own offspring. And Tom has now got both feet up the first half-dozen rungs of the ladder, but Messrs. Smiles and Sweetbeam will get no more of his work. a second ee NOTES FROM PARIS. hundredth edition of “La Débicle” will be on sale on the Paris boulevards. It is Zola’s most brilliant success, and this fact is the best answer that the admirers of Zola can 4a the time these lines appear in print the give to -tement often made in England, that Zola’s p larity is mainly due to the nastimess of thes 2s he depicts and to the coarseness of the lang. xe he uses. There are no nasty scenes though iaany terrible ones—in “ La Débacle,” and the language is throughout, singularly free from vulgarity. Apropos of Zola, I see that a certain paper published in Dundee has been attacking the Editor for allowing “(a certain Mr. Sherard”’ to eulogise this master in these columns. The attack on Mr. Besant leads up—after various sneers at myself and at my little ways—to an assault on M. Zola. Enviable M. Zola to be so so hated! The Dundee man calls him ‘“ the most cochon of novelists,” “the unspeakable Zola,” VoL. III. AUTHOR. 97 “vicious and abominable,” “ filthy,” ‘the in- tolerable novelist.” Next to being well under- stood to be completely misunderstood is the best thing, and could I trouble Zola with such trifles as these, I am sure he would be hugely amused to listen to a translation of this dia- tribe. As a matter of fact there is no sweeter, cleaner-minded man than Emile Zola, few more refined amongst those who have had little chance of culture, few as artistic by temperament, and fewer as good, as lovable, as dignified, and as admirably-lived. Zola has set himself the task of recording certain phases of life in a certain period of history, and speaks the truth absolutely. The pictures are photo- graphic just as his conversations are phonogra- phically reported. It is the world that is cochon, not Zola. As works of art his books may be attacked; but they will always remain as ethno- logical, philological, and sociological documents of the highest importance to the student of French history in the third quarter of the nineteenth century. What a dreadful place Dundee must be! T was at an inn the other day which was once visited by a Scotch gentleman, who, when asked by the landlady to dictate her his name, so that she might write it down in the register, uttered syllables of which it was impossible for her to essay the writing down. She expressed her difficulty, and the gentleman then laughed and said, “Oh, write it down in French, ‘ Gauthier ’Ecossais”’ Under this pseudonym did Sir Walter Scott figure on a book of the Hotel du Grand Cerf, at the Grand Andely, in Normandy. The inn is one of the most picturesque of houses of entertainment, and though, as an inn, it has only existed 150 years, as a house it dates from the 15th century. The principal room, now modern- ised into a café with electric lights, a billiard table, and so forth, boasts a fireplace, at. which, as Hugo wrote, “a whole oak is used to warm us.” It is a queer old place, full of lovely old oak carvings. Gauthier !Ecossais must have found it entirely after his own heart. A mile off stands, on a prominence dominating the Seine, the Chateau Gaillard, built by Richard Coeur de Ton. When the stronghold was afterwards taken, craven Lackland, skulking in Poitou, whined out, ‘‘ Now, I have lost Normandy.” Se A familiar figure to those who sit out on the terrasses of boulevard cafés is that of a man who, as he walks along, cries out in doleful tones, ‘ Here is the Ruin of the publishing trade. Here I  98 is the Despair of authors. At sixpence each. At sixpence.’ He is commonly known as “La Ruine des Editeurs.’’ A jovial fellow withal, by no means showing like a prophet of woe. His busi- ness is to buy up publisher’s remnants, and to retail them to his best advantage. Thanks to his clever patter, and to his skill in selecting only books with “fetching” titles, he is always able to dispose of his bundle of yellow backs before midnight. I took a petit verre with him the other night at a marchand de vins, in the Rue de la Paix, and learned that it was “a bad day on which he did not make his couple of louis.” How many authors here cansay the same! He looks on literature only as merchandise,” and “never read a book; not he.” He had something else to do. I consulted him as to titles, but, with the eyes of Dundee upon me, I dare not print what he said on his subject. I was speaking to a very prominent French poet the other night and elicited from him the opinion that there are only three French poets worth reading, Racine, La Fontaine, and himself. As to novelists, he considered them singly and severally so beneath contempt as not to be worth discussing. He describes Zola as “ nothing at all,” Flaubert as a mauvais écrivain, which ‘“ was already something, Zola not even bemg an écrivain at all,” and said that the only French novelist who had ever shewed any talent was Eugene Sue. It was owing to Sue, by the way, that literary gents are-not looked upon as at all eligible for membership to one of the swellest clubs in Paris. Since Sue’s election and enforced resignation, professional hommes de lettres have always beet black-balled at this house. Not that Sue made himself particulary objectionable, but he talked too much “shop” and flaunted his trade too much in the face of his dandy club-mates. A certain duke was taken faint, it is recorded, at the sight of him correcting some galley proofs on the green velvet of the table de jeu. Balzac hated clubs and “life” generally, though he did have a short period of boulevardomania, when he dressed as a fop, and sported the famous turquoise-studded walking-stick, As a general rule Frenchmen of letters eschew society and its pleasures, and inso- much are wise in their generation. — > To-morrow we shall see to his last rest in Pére Lachaise cemetery, one of the most sympathetic of contemporary French litterateurs, Léon Cladel, who died yesterday at Sévres after a THE AUTHOR. long and painful illness. Cladel’s work affords a striking example of how even the most disinherited of fortune can attain mastery in an art, the best equipments for which will always be a careful education, a wide culture, and other mental luxuries which are not usually within the reach of the very poor. Cladel was a self-made man. Not that he made himself a rich man—God forbid, seeing what was his trade, but. he made himself an admir- able stylist, and proved himself to combine a most perfect artistic temperament with the greatest and kindest of hearts. His books, which are a!l strongly impregnated with socialistic tendencies, are but little known to the large public, but are the delight of connoisseurs. His collection of stories: ‘‘ Les Va-nu-pieds,” his famous “ Jaques Patient,” which ruined the fortunes of that anti- Empire publication ‘‘ L’Kurope de Francfort,” and his novel “La Féte Votive,” are acknowledged masterpieces. He leaves in MS two novels; “ T.N.R.I.,”’ which is conceived in somewhat the same spirit as was Swinburne’s “Before a Crucifix,” and ‘“Juive Errante,” which is a biting satire on the vices and follies of the day. Bold, too true, and partant, too bitter even to find a publisher, Cladel was a most generous man, and he was very fond of animals in general, and of dogs in par- ticular. Now there is never much wrong about a man who is indifferent to money, and who is kind to the humble, and who is good to dogs. ———— Cladel always said that he owed all he possessed in craftmanship of style and grace of diction to Baudelaire, who, by the way, did him the honour of writing a preface to one of his first books. Zola is not going to write any novel about the Lourdes pilgrimages. He has already begun to write the novel which will close his “ Rougon- Macquart” series, and which is to be called “ Le Docteur Pascal.” The MS. is to be completed at the end of the year, and the serial publication of the new novel will commence in the early part of 1893, in La Revue Hebdomadaire, From what I have heard of the plot and the motive of “Le Docteur Pascal,” I am afraid it promises to be rather tedious. I have noticed in one or two papers the innuendo, dpropos of Oscar Wilde’s “ Salomé,” that Mr. Wilde is not sufficiently acquainted with the French language to have been able to produce this chef d’euvre himself, and that it was written largely in collaboration with one or other of his nunierous French literary friends. What can an author who lives in England do against abomin-  te Mi 4 THE able attacks of this kind? As a matter of fact, Mr. Wilde is as admirable a French as he is a Greek, a Latin, an English scholar, and “Salomé ” was written from end to end exclusively and entirely by him. I can say this, as I saw him write most of it, and had the privilege of reading the draft MS. I may add that before it was copied out for the printer our mutual friend Mr. Marcel Schwob, editor of the literary supplement of “ L’Echo de Paris,” read it over lest any slips had been made, and that Schwob told me that the French was perfect throughout. No, the enemies and critics of Oscar Wilde must just swallow the fact that, after achieving triumphant success in the language of the country in which he resides, he has succeeded in writing in French a one-act play which was considered so perfect in style, language, and conception, that the greatest trage- dienne of the century, Sarah Bernhardt, to write for whom is the dream of every playwright in the world, was proud to be allowed the privilege of . producing it. Roserr H. SHERARD. Paris, July 22nd, 1892. Poe ON A BIRTHDAY. = Another stone passed, and so much nearer home, Where the vanished ones are. O’er life’s stormy sea, ’mid the darkness and foam, There is rising a star, A beacon most bright, that is lighting me on To a haven of rest, Where weeping for joy, in God’s garden, anon, I shall fall on her breast. Her breast that of yore was my Heaven below, When the blue skies of life Were clouded with care and the shadows of woe. When I shrank from the strife My head pillowed there ; those long tresses of gold Would fall down like a screen To shut me close in from the clamour that rolled Through the world, and its spleen. * * * * Must be up, doing now, for the day’s waning fast, And the night is at hand. The twilight is closing around me at last, On a verge do I stand! The fetters of flesh are all falling away, Larger outlook the soul, As it spurns in its rapture its casket of clay, Within sight of the goal !— Hush! World sounds grow fainter, as fainter the light; I must face the “‘ To-be”’ ! Oh watchman out yonder, say what of the night That’s the question for me. Will it break in a shower of glory unknown AsI spring to the shore, Or clasp me for aye in some shadowy zone When the journey is o’er? Exeter. F, B. Doveton. AUTHOR. 99 MORE MAXIMS. 1. The half truth is the devil’s own truth. 2. One syllable is enough to slander, more than enough to slay. 3. A little word may curse a whole life. 4. The truest fact oft hes in “ fiction.” 5. The realities of life are not confined to its waste products. 6. Deceit is to be distinguished from depth by inconstancy. 7. Character is not always to be judged by the ayes or the noes. 8. To a practised ear the voice reveals the soul. g. The smiling eye suggests the sleeping anger. 10. Jealousy is to the lover what jaundice is to the liver. 11. The best cure for jealousy is true love. 12. Who marries for kindness, marries in blind- ness, 13. Who loves only to get, loves not as yet. 14. Conditional love is counterfeit love. 15. In love there is no conditional mood nor im- perfect tense. 16. True love shows in deference; pure love in reverence. 17. Many love positively, some comparatively, but few superlatively. 18, Chivalry is the masculine of charity. 19. Creed is much, conduct is more, but character is most of all. 20. Who knows what is true, learns what is just. 21. Who understands woman may regulate man. 22. To understand woman, the heart must lead the head. 23. First catch your heart; then capture your public. 24. Selfishness is not the basis of life, but the basest. 25. Society can cure insanity of soul when itself gane enough. 26. There is no talent to compare with a best nervous system. 27. The best cure for gout is a new pair of grand- fathers. 28. To a practised eye the expression reveals the mind. 29. Petty pity is cousin to contempt; divine pity to chivalry. 30, To show justice one must know everything. PHINLAY GLENELG.  100 MR. SAINTSBURY ON THE ENGLISH NOVEL. most and leader of living English critics— has published a collection of essays, among which is one on the present condition of the English novel. One may not agree absolutely with every point of the essay, but it is undoubtedly a chapter which should be read by every one interested in the welfare of a great department of English literature ; a department, as I think, going to become much greater, and to obtain much more importance in the future than ever it has enjoyed in the past. To begin with, the thanks of all living novelists are especially due to the writer for treating the subject without making it personal. I hardly know any other writer who could treat the subject on general principles without personal illustrations. Indeed, one hardly remembers any essay in the English language on the novel which is not a personal essay. We have articles from time to time on this man’s novels and that man’s novels— indeed, out of the large proportion of articles shown in the last number of the Author to be devoted to literature in the magazines more than the half are devoted to this novel or that novel. No one has treated the novel by itself as a form of litera- ture, nor has anyone ever attempted to consider it as possibly subject to laws and canons, and is capable of being criticised as a work of art. It is not many weeks since a certain weekly paper scoffed and sniffed at a certain writer for claiming a place for fiction among the fine arts. Mr. Saintsbury is the first critic, so far as 1 know, who seriously recognises the fact that the novelist, whether he is a good novelist or not, does actually follow, cultivate, and profess a fine art as much as the poet, the player, or the painter. This is a distinct step in advance, because the critic who recognises that’ he has to deal with an art, will, if he is worthy of being called a critic, begin to ask what are the elementary principles of that art, and how it differs from other arts, what are its limitations, what its achievements, with other pertinent questions. With these preliminaries, then, how does Mr. Saintsbury think that the present English novel stands ? First. of all, there is, he says, considerable improvement in the structure of the modern novel; “the average writing is better, and, generally speaking, a distinct advance has been made in the minor points of craftmanship.” At the same time he finds that, though the novel of the present day is largely devoted to character, tr accomplished critic—perhaps the fore- THE AUTHOR. there are few characters which live in the memo as certain old scenes live, such, for instance, as those of Partridge at the play, of Harry Esmond and the Prince. One is constrained to admit a certain truth in this criticism. But at the same time one may suggest that Tom Jones and Esmond were read when one was eighteen or thereabouts, and that there are certain more modern scenes which, if read at the same age, might have remained as clearly distinct. In short, we get, says Mr. Saintsbury, ‘a better turn out of average work, but we do not seem to get the very best things.” For my own part I am quite satisfied with this opinion. The same causes which have produced the better turn out of this day will operate to produce a still better turn out to-morrow, and yet a better turn out for the day after to-morrow. So long as the cultiva- tion of any art is advancing, so long there is hope for it. When it begins to decline in technique then its critics may begin to lament. The return to the earliest form of writing, to the pure romance of adventure, on which the critic dwells, is, he thinks, interesting and important. The multiplication of books on manners, which change very slightly and very slowly, produces in the end feebleness of strain. But an appeal to the passions and emotions which underlie manners can never lose its freshness, because the passions always remain. Always we must return to th: romance for freshness. “As for what we hear about the novel of science, the novel of new forms of religion, the novel of altruism, and Heaven knows what else, it is all stark naught. The novel has nothing to do with any beliefs, with any convictions, with any thoughts in the strict sense, except as mere garnishings. Its substance must always be life, not thought, con- duct, not belief, the passions, not the intellect, manners and morals, not creeds and theories. Its material, its bottom, must always be either the abiding qualities or the fleeting appearances of social existence — guicquid agunt homines, not quicquid cogitant.” As regards the last ten years there has been, Mr. Saintsbury points out, a great stir among the dry bones. A great deal more trouble has been bestowed upon style, plot, general management, and stage carpentry. ‘ Even that other symptom of the uprising of novelists against critics, and their demand that every newspaper shall give at least a column to the sober and serious laudation (for nothing else is to be thought of) of every serious work of fiction is, though rather a gro- tesque, a cheering and healthy sign.” Mr. Saints- bury should really give references. One would willingly find a place in the Author for discussion on: such a demand, but inquiries have failed  ' So far, then, there is advance. THE AUTHOR. hitherto to discover where it was made or by whom. There are, how- ever, disadvantages. The “ Young Person ” 1s too -. much with us, sometimes causing reactionary plunges into the fields which are supposed to be forbidden on account of this wonderful creation of the imagination. Generally, however, this bogey ties the hands of the novelist. There is, again, a tendency to ignore the story ; to present an endless | description of the process rather than the result ; 4 there is a tendency to mistake mannerism for Ei va Try pop? ope CIS Pe genius ; ina word the modern novelist is too much of a Martha and too little of a Mary. In the writer’s words: “He seems to be beguiled by the dictum—true and important enough in itself—that novel writing is an art. It is, and afine art. No doubt also all art has its responsibilities. But the re- sponsibilities of different arts are different, and the methods of discharging them are different too. What makes the art of literature in general the most difficult of all is the fact that nowhere is it more necessary to take pains, and yet that nowhere is mere painstaking not merely so insuffi- cient, but so likely to lead the artist wrong. ee It isa pity that a novel should not be well worked; but some of the greatest novels of the world are written anything but well.” There are other points touched upon in this remarkable essay. One is the fact that novelists take themselves seriously—a thing which Mr. Saintsbury permits, with a little contempt natural in one who has reviewed novels for twenty years. Yet if the writing of novels is the occupation of a life, surely the man who employs all the life that is given to him in this way should respect his profession, if only out of self-respect, to say nothing of the improvement produced in the work itself by such respect. Again, there is the danger of giving way to the demand for more work—and always more—in the case of a popular writer. It stands to reason that there can be in every generation very few good artists in any line. But the public demand is growing greater and greater for this particular line of art. Therefore they have to be contented with a good deal that is poor stuff. What remedy is there for this evil ? Plainly, none at all. There are two points in which this essay seems to me defective. It is natural with a reviewer who has read and reviewed every kind of novel for many years, to estimate his average from the whole of the stuff that has passed through his hand. I think that here he is wrong, and for this reason. The reviewer does not know—what we at the society’s offices do know—the immense number of novels which are published at the authors’ own expense, and after they have been lol refused by every house which respects its own title age. The reviewer does not know—what we do know—that there are houses which live by publish- ing this trash. When published it has no influence whatever ; no circulating libraries take this trash ; no sane persons buy it ; no one sees it on the book- stalls. The novel is printed; it is advertised ; copies are sent for review ; editors give out their copies for review; the review is contemptuous ; the book is dead. Such a book ought never to be reviewed ; it ought never to be weighed in considering an average. When we speak of the learning and science of Cambridge, do we give a thought to the Poll? So when we speak of the average novel, do we consider the wretched feeble- ness which hardly ventures to offer itself toa contemptuous reviewer? Again, what does Mr. Saintsbury mean, after acknowledging that fiction is a fine art, by saying later on that the novel is rather 2 low form of literature? How cana fine art be a thing which can be called low? Again, it has been argued that it is a waste of time and force to review merely for purposes of slating the poor feeble things that are never really bornatall. For,if the reviewer is to pass a judg- ment on them, thatis needless—they are condemned at the outset; if he is to instruct these authors, that is useless—these authors cannot learn ; if he is to derive lessons for other authors from their pages, it is impossible; you might as well derive a lesson in drawing from a child’s artless sketch of a pig; if he is to make readers laugh—well—it is not dignified, though it is certainly tempting. But, says Mr. Saintsbury, who is to know before- hand what is good and what is bad? Well, anyone who has read Mr. Saintsbury’s signed work in the Academy and elsewhere, may be perfectly certain that if he had a pile of seventy novels, and was asked to review the best, he would pick out that best work in ten minutes. First of all he would toss aside all those published by certain houses ; next he would take up those written by unknown names; It 18 astonishing how easily, in most cases, one arrives, with unknown names, at the verdict of condemna- tion ; lastly, there would be the novels by the writers whose names he knew beforehand. A great deal more might be said, both by Mr. Saintsbury and by anyone commenting on his remarks. Enough has been said to show that this is an essay well worthy of being studied by novelists for the suggestions it offers in their art: and for “crib purposes, by certain criticasters, who at present have as much know- ledge of the art of Fiction, on which they undertake to write, as of that other art of painting, whose works they are equally ready to pass in review. These gentlemen will find it  102 very much in their own interests to read the essay ; some parts they will not, perhaps, at first understand ; but they should persevere, and most things come in the end to the patient student. There are a few Latin phrases here and there, but they will perhaps have some acquaintance who can translate these for them; and there are a few references to past and modern literature which they may leave unexplained. W. Bz DO WOMEN IN JOURNALISM. FE HE article contributed by “X. Y. Z.” to the July number of the Author on the subject of “Women in Journalism” propounded the two following questions :— “Ts the effect produced on journalism by the invasion of women a salutary one?” ‘Is journalism a desirable method for women to earn their living ?”’ The replies made by the writer are so curiously inconclusive that some practical woman member of the fourth estate is bound to attempt a more adequate answer to them, and I take upon myself the task, as I hold that, reduced by the same tests as are employed by men to define a profes- sional status, there are at present only very few women who have the right to be called journalists at all, while those of us who can fairly and fitly claim the title have won it in a manner to make us jealous of its dignity. When the project of a woman’s “ Press Club ”’ was first broached I was asked to supportit. I opposed the movement strenuously on several grounds, chief among them being that such a title ought not to be used unless its promoters were prepared to make the conditions of member- ship strictly professional and to exclude the mere chance paragraphist or free lance whom one was scarcely anxious to meet upon the ground of club equality. That condition being made, and under the name none other was possible, it would have been utterly impracticable to have made any club . a success upon so small a membership roll as would then have been eligible. I believe every- one concerned regarded me as “mean” and “nasty” for taking this line, but they saw the justice of my contention, and ultimately adopted the vaguer, wider name of “ Writers” for the institution, which, so far from numbering ‘“ some hundreds,” as stated by “X. Y. Z.,” only has 170 members, of whom the majority are certainly not journalists, as laid down by, let us say, THE AUTHOR. the Institute of Journalists or the Newspaper Press Fund. To support a negative answer to the first ques- tion, the writer falls foul of the “ ladies’ letter” of the society paper, and calls in the Queen as an example of what a woman’s paper ought to be, forgetful apparently of the fact that this really leading journal is entirely directed and con- trolled by a lady gifted with that rarest of powers even in a man, the true editorial genius. To the clever lady who first perfected the “letter”? form—and it is scarcely necessary to say that I allude to “ Madge” of Truth, whose society and doings are irreproachable, whose dresses are always in good taste, and whose gossip is invariably bright and interesting—all credit for an original idea well worked out is due. But here comes in the pity of it. Women, not journalists, as “‘ Madge” in her own line dis- tinctly is, attempted to imitate it and woefully failed. The unsuccessful novelist, the would-be actress, the demz mondaine even tried their hands at it, mistaking vulgarity. for originality, and impro- priety for wit, till the notion has been utterly done to death, and it is a foolish policy on any editors’ part now to adopt it, with its air of affectation, triviality, and irresponsibility when applied to the criticism of dress, books, pictures, music, and plays. There is an inconsistency of statement between the writer’s lament over the feminine influence which has brought about “that emasculate and hysterical attitude taken up in some quarters on certain social and other questions,” and the asser- tion a few lines further on that, ‘‘ the better sort of newspaper work which includes leader writing, reviewing, and miscellaneous literary articles, is not in the hands of women at all.” Supposing this to be the case, where would female thought have any directing scope at all? Asa matter of fact, neither proposition is correct, and the latter one especially needs qualification so far as the particular interests of women are concerned. Compared with men, women are not newspaper readers. To verify this, it is only necessary to stand at the bookstall of any great terminus and watch the relative number of the sexes who buy papers, and then to note that nine out of ten of the women who do so at all, will waste their penny on some miserable novelette, or one of those hateful messes of old jokes and American “ bits,” which unfortunately thrive while better papers fail. The modern editor is, however, waking to the fact that a very large field of feminine concerns has been long left unexplored. If full reports of football matches and athletic meetings help to command a sale for a paper, why should not records of women’s industries, efforts, and amuse-  THE AUTHOR. ments also assist in maintaining that proprietorial pride—a good circulation ? There it is, therefore, that I hold that women have a perfectly legitimate work to do in journalism. Looking back through the files of the Daily Graphic, I find columns and columns of special work that I have done for the paper on nursing, servants’ registry offices, working women’s movements, shop girls, women’s institu- tions, not to mention the frequent discussion of matters of dress, needlework, cookery, jewellery, involving, if women’s support is to be catered for, the sympathetic treatment which it would be unreasonable to expect from a man. Such subjects as these, as well as all that are akin to them in things domestic, together with the broader life of art and work which widened education has made possible to the sex, are in their way as worthy of newspaper notice as sport, finance, or even the Services them selves. Andsol would see women as women on the press. I do not welcome them there as mere reporters, taking their shorthand note, and doing mechanical work at pay below that of men. It is not pleasant to think of them in police courts, or being jostled in the crowd at agreat fire. But they will find that if they come in to the profession through this crowded doorway that they will be forced to accept starvation wages, and that the men will show neither chivalry nor mercy to them, for, as a blunt Kentish reporter once put it to me ata function at which there was royalty, a pretty sight, and a lunch, “ T’m d——d, Miss, if I’d do the police reporting and the Methodist meetings at our paper if they sent out a woman just to pick one’s few plums like this.” According to “X. Y. Z.” the profession is not a desirable one for women, because “ the ordinary lady journalists’ ” work involves, inter alia, the constant strain of reporting, night work, the chronicling of trivialities, and “ the interviewing of persons who are not gentlemen.”’ This is really a very comic catalogue of objections. Reporting, as I have shown, is a mistake at all on women’s parts, but it is fortunately only done by them at present to a very limited extent, and the “strain” about it is no greater than that of a female elerk or telegraphist. As women are not sub-editors or leader writers at the great morning dailies, night work need practically never affect them at all, unless they are in my own almost unique position of “special correspon- dent,” a post in which I know no other of my sex at present, except that most womanly of women, Mrs Crawford, the Daily News Paris correspondent. As to the recording of small events, I can only recall how Sir Edwin Arnold one day at the outset of my career, when I 103 thought it rather, shall I say, beneath my dignity, to goto a ragged school prize distribu- tion in the East-end, recited to me almost im the words of the Acts of the Apostles, the vision of St. Peter who, falling into a trance, beheld a great sheet let down, upon which were all sorts of clean and unclean beasts. ‘‘ What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common,” said the Voice to the Apostle, and_ the “ great sheet” of the newspaper was, according to the view of the editor of the Daily Telegraph, an opportunity for the writer to present the humblest httle inci- dent in a manner neither “ common nor unclean.” Against the undesirability of acquaintance with “persons who are not gentlemen” may surely be set the unrivalled opportunities the profession affords for making advantageous and pleasant friends. One is not editorially required to add every secretary one may chance to meet to one’s visiting list, and one may at least discriminate when duchesses, demonstrators, and dustmen may all have to be consulted. Thanks to the calling, 1 number among my friends, men and women whom it is a privilege to know, and who, but for it, I should probably never have met. “ The real genuine life of the woman journalist has yet to be written,” says “X.Y. Z.,” with something of a sneer at the incomes made by ladies “ whose scholarship is as little evident as shyness.” My own, at least, would offer nothing either romantic or sordid. Brought up ima far- off Dorset rectory, I had no“ yearnings” to leave, but I did write some “turnovers” for the Globe which won some encouraging praise from Captain Armstrong, while three or four articles op the then newly enfranchised agricultural labourer offered to the Echo brought me a proposal from Mr. Passmore Edwards that I should joi his staff on a trial of three months, I came straight from a village of 200 inhabitants into London—and I have stayed. Iwas invited to join the Daily Graphic from its start, and there I have been ever since. Hard work, and some sense I think of acquiescence in office routine and discipline, have been my pathways all along, and those I believe are the only ones to a woman’s success in the pro- fession. But the gifts one must possess at the outset are so peculiar, that I believe the true journalist is born and not made. If a man does not own them, he plods patiently on in set grooves, and makes and leaves no mark, Sound health, an almost abnormal faculty of observation in the minutest detail, quickness to suggest, readiness to act, must be coupled to an absolutely indefinable flair or instinct for the work, ina man. To these qualities a woman most add a quiet reserve and tactfulness if she is to stand alone and maintain her womanly dignity in a big bustling office full of  104. It is sheer nonsense to talk of “getting 9:99 men. plenty of work if your editor is ‘gone on you, for in journalism the reading public is the final court of appeal. One stands or falls on one’s own merits, and the proprietoys could not afford to allow an editor to “go” in the direction of the loveliest woman in the world unless her work was good. It has been proved, over and over again in the case of men, that unusual academic distinction is no condition of journalistic success. Bright human sympathy, common sense, facility of expression, and a sense of humour, are gifts worth more in Fleet-street than the profoundest know- ledge of the classics or the most erudite re- searches into the eastern languages. The field for women’s work in journalism is a limited one I admit fully. Very few possess the qualifications, too, to labour in it, as those necessary for success are by no means distinctively feminine attributes. But to the rarely met ones who have these, who view the work from its worthier side and its higher possibilities, who realise that the justification of their presence in the profession is that they should appeal primarily as women to women, and, above all, who possess a real intuitive temperament for the calling, it offers a career that the most ambi- tious need not reject. Mary Frances BILLINGTON. Milford House, Strand, July 14th, 1892. ——<— II. Might I be permitted to say a few words in answer to, and in defence of, “ Women in Jour- nalism,” contained in the Author for July. In this the writer seems to think that women’s influence in journalism is mostly of a nature to be deplored and censured, as feeble, trivial, and devoid of humour. “Is the invasion of women into journalism a salutary one?’”? Why, since women read the newspaper, should they be called invaders because they beara part in the writing of them? There was a time, early in the eighteenth century, when it was deemed an invasion into a man’s province for a woman even to read a news- paper! And who can doubt that their influence is salutary, when glancing at the coarse satires and lampoons of Queen Anne’s and the Georgian reigns, by the Wilkses and Walpoles of those eras? When the great bulk of the middle class women did not read, men wrote for each other, with the result that no woman of to-day can ever take much pleasure in the perusal of the master- pieces of Fielding or Smollett, Sterne or Swift, which no doubt abound in masculine humour, decency alone being absent. It may therefore THE AUTHOR. be safely admitted that womanly influence is a good thing for journalism and_ literature generally. “Ts journalism a desirable method for women to earn their living?” And then the writer pro- ceeds to insinuate how much that is derogatory to modest womanhood there must always be in the mode of a journalist’s life, the seeking of interviews wish all manner of people, and the making of ‘“ promiscuous acquaintances.” That argument applies equally well to the life of an actress or a singer. She, too, must often inter- view “(men who are not gentlemen,” and rely a good deal on personal charm and fascination for promotion in her profession; but not more so than the society girl who looks for social advance- ment by the making of a wealthy marriage, and, as Byron cynically puts it, dances “ for a liveli- hocd.” The root of the evil being the economic dependence of woman on man. But, may it not be that woman journalists and workers begin to feel the stirrings of a healthy professional ambi- | tion which will carry them through the disagree- ables of interviews with flirtatious editors—a rather minor evil, seeing that the author must most often submit the MS. to the editorial eye, unseen. Perhaps we all of us, men, as well as women, realize in the struggle for existence. How salt his food who fares Upon another’s bread, how steep his path Who treadeth up and down another’s stairs. The society papers are mostly in the hands of women, it is true, and are full of vulgarity and personality, but then, unhappily, so is Society. Women do but hold up the mirror to it with an unsparing hand, having less to conceal than men, they are morally more fearless. The world does not so much need a female Thackeray to satirize the woman journalist ; we need, indeed, a female Christ to preach a new Gospel to women. to leaven the great mass of her sex. and thereby regenerate society, of which journalism is the faint echo. Gracr GILCHRIST. Penzance, July 19. III. The writer of an article on the above in the Author for July deplores, with ample show of reason, what he calls the invasion of women upon journalism. .While fully admitting, and equally deploring the ‘deteriorating and de- moralising influence” of which he writes, I would submit that the cause should be sought a little farther back. The press-woman has one  THE AUTHOR. thing to do before all. She must satisfy her editor. The mischief arises out of the low esti- mate held by editors of so-called society papers in regard to women’s intelligence and women’s interests generally. Very few of these papers are really edited by women, although in the case of some specially feminine journals they are nomt- nally. But—then there is a manager. Editors get what they want, vulgar gossip and personali- ties. Three in six of the women so employed are consciously degrading their own powers, their better sense, in the work they prepare for the journals. Itis a case of “natural selection” by the editor. Of all women who present themselves as candidates for employment the well educated, quiet, thoughtful, from whose pens nothing vulgar is to be expected, will meet certain rejec- tion ; while the forward, flashy, frivolous girl, whom nothing astonishes, nothing abashes, is as sure to find acceptance in the editorial for all she says and does. At no period of the world’s his- tory were women more refined, more cultured or more gifted than are the women of England to- day. And yet the journals teem with mere inanity, and worse. In catering for his feminine readers the editor’s notion is that fashions and highly-spiced tittle- tattle are all that is needed. Doubtless he finds a market, but the women journalists are not alone to blame. i Es. ec THE CRITICISM OF NOVELS. side and on the other about reviews of novels; the wrongs of the author and the grievances of the reviewer have alike been amply ventilated ; and yet: something seems to remain which may be said, neither by way of attack nor of apology on either side, but with a simple aim of looking broadly at what the criticism of current fiction is, and of asking what is expected from a painstaking critic. That the reviewer is not always painstaking— that he is not always in a position to express his opinion independently—that he is sometimes in- competent—that he is very often ill-paid—and other facts of the same sort, are beside the subject of this paper, though no one should forget them. But for the present “let it be granted,” as Euclid likes to say, that the reviewer is painstaking, free, competent—an ideal critic. It is then that the real difficulties clearly come to light. And, first of all, what is asked from the reviewer? The reply seems ready—a fairly un- \ GOOD deal has been written both on one 105 biassed and competent opinion of the value of the book before him. Be it so. Only, in point of fact, this is not always exactly what is wished. The publisher wishes for an advertisement. He will much prefer lukewarm praise, out of which a few lauda- tory lines can be extracted, to a high encomium of the work, couched in terms that he cannot quote in his advertisements. The author wishes for an advertisement too. How much of his vexation at an adverse review is occasioned by finding nothing done for his book no one knows—least of all him- self. Men cannot read their own minds about such matters. But the author also desires appreciation. ‘‘ Poets and parents,” as Aristotle has remarked, “love their own productions,” and the author feels kindly disposed towards the reviewer who shows himself appreciative, very much as the mother does towards the stranger who admires her offspring. Presumably, neither mother nor author can avoid this little weakness. Still, “this also is vanity.” It seems, however, pretty clear that if author and publisher suppose that they wish only for an unbiassed and com- petent opinion of the value of their book they are deceiving themselves. And the author probably deceives himself more often than the publisher. But let the case be assumed of a really super- human author, one to whom adverse criticism presents no indigestible qualities, even one who, well knowing that Whoever thinks a faultless piece to see Thinks what ne’er was, nor is, nor e’er shall be, desires to see pointed out all the errors of his work This wonderful man opens the pages of the review, which his confiéres dread, prepared to hail with delight, instead of indignation, the admonitions of the critic who will teach him to know himself. Probably he finds the admonitions. How much they teach him is another question. But, is it not odd that he should find them? ‘True, every- one has become so accustomed to these pieces of excellent advice addressed to authors by reviewers that no one pauses to ask “Why these words of counsel in the author’s ear here, in public print?” Only consider, Whom is the critic addressing? Is his aim to inform the public whether this new book deserves their attention or not? Or his aim to be to authors a schoolmaster of their craft ? Even if the latter be his mission the columns of the public press seem an odd medium through which one literary man should give another his ‘deas about how his book ought to have been written. Still this queer practice prevails. Presumably custom must be suppo-ed to be its sanction, and it is not likely to be  106 THE altered whilst to give opinions about what a book should have been is so much easier than to say exactly what it is. Even, however, should the imagined ideal reviewer confine himself to writing of the book, leaving the author alone, other problems still remain. Is the critic to serve the public as a guide to what they like, or as a guide to what they ought to like? These two things are not the same. To guide the public taste to what they ought to like is plainly the reviewer's higher office. It is by no means what his readers always desire, and the critic must consider his readers’ wishes, as must everyone who writes, otherwise they will read some one else. But neither is the man to be envied whose task is to tell the public what they will like. In this matter the public much resembles a woman: a charming creature, but a little renowned for not knowing what she wants; or rather who knows only that she wishes to be agreeably taken by surprise. No other writer is really in a position so impossible as the critic to whom the “ general reader”’ says: ‘Tell me what I shall like.” What he will like is sometimes nothing but what he has read before ; sometimes something entirely new; sometimes something that can put him in a good humour with himself; generally something which he fancies other people think it clever to like. If the unlucky reviewer of tales renounces this hopeless task of telling people what they will like, then he is reduced to telling them what they ought to like. For that they are seldom thank- ful, and he is himself confronted with new diffi- culties. Heis asked to measure the actual merits of each work put into his hands. But no one is able to suggest the standard by which the work is to be tried. Here is a formidable difficulty, because every measure means a standard of measurement. What is the standard in the case of a novel? For history and science the critic has astandard. That book is best which conveys the greatest amount of accurate information put in the manner most convenient to those for whose use itis intended. But what standard (beyond one of style, about which the public are sublimely indifferent) can be proposed for works whose raison d’étre is to please a taste which varies hardly less than the fashion of dress. Some- thing may be suggested respecting a true reflec- tion of life as it really is, if any such thing as a true reflection of life as it really is could be. But it is evident that in every form and school of fiction the view taken of the facts of life, is more dominant than the facts themselves, and, conse- quently, the fashion of the thought of the day reigns supreme, All that the cleverest critic can AUTHOR. do, therefore, is to indicate works likely to meet the fashionable taste, and this fashionable taste is ambiguous, shifting, undefined, casual to a degree. C’est souvent du hasard que nait l’opinion, Ht c’est opinion qui fait toujours la vogue. To hit this shifting mark if he can is the task of the reviewer of novels. Sometimes he misses it. The only thing wonderful about that is that people can be found to wonder at his doing so. One word more. Of how many novels might it be said with truth—* Neither good nor bad ; just like hundreds of others; and, whether you take to amuse you this or one of them, cannot matter a straw.” That would be a fairly unbiassed and competent opinion upon many works of fiction. Also one that no one, author, publisher, or novel reader, would like. And the author and publisher certainly have occasion to be grateful to the reviewer for not saying it, when it is so often all that there really is to be said. Henry CRESSWELL. ee CORRESPONDENCE. I, Tue Avutuors’ Funp. S an illustration of the value of an honour- able loan office to honourable authors, I refer the reader to Thomas Moore’s Diary, June 19, 1839, from Earl Russell’s Life of him, vol. 7, p. 263. Those interested in the general question of accounts as between authors and publishers, will find a striking cor:espondence on the point from Wordsworth to Rogers, on pages 402 to 415 (inc.), of “ Rogers and his Contemporaries by Clayden,” vol. 1. C. S. OaKLey. II. NuitHer—Nor. THE Atheneum (June 24), in criticising a recent novel, finds fault with the expression “ Neither Helena nor Caliphronas were present” as being ungrammatical. Old-fashioned purists will pro- bably agree with the critic: but we believe the modern tendency in favour of the plural; and, further, we believe the modern tendency to be logically justifiable. The phrase is exactly equi- valent to ‘“ Both Helena and Caliphronas were absent,” in which nobody would dream of ques- tioning the correctness of the were. say ‘‘Ni l'un ni l’autre ne sont.” The French Is the critic oe THE AUTHOR. “ Neither he nor I am on the prepared to say list?” or the still more uncouth “ Neither of us am on the list,” which would hardly be improved by substituting 7s for am. An occasional dis- cussion in the Author on points of grammar like the one here submitted might be instructive. H. MC. ET. PRAISED—YET REFUSED. About two years ago I finished a novel, and forwarded it to a publisher for his consideration. In three months I received a letter from him, in which he said that he “fully appreciated the undoubted merits of the story,” but regretted that at the present moment he was compelled to decline it. T then sent the MS. to another firm, who kept it for nine months, and then, after I had written to them once or twice, returned it with the infor- mation that they could not see their way to taking the risk of producing an edition. The third publisher to whom I sent it retained it for over six months, and then, after expressing his regret at his engagements being too numerous to undertake its publication, offered to publish it at my expense. Two of the above three firms evidently con- sidered the book good enough to be published, but I suppose that the fact of my name being but very little known made them decide to de- cline it. Another MS. of mine was also spoken highly of by some publishers—they enclosed me their reader’s report—and declined. I formerly laboured under the delusion that if a reader reported favourably on a MS., it was sure to be accepted. Many young authors will no doubt agree with me that, dispiriting as it is to have our MSS. returned with the information that “our reader’s report is not such as would encourage us to undertake its publication,” it is far more dis- heartening to have them praised and yet refused. KaLoun. LY. A Case or Honour. In the year 1881 two short stories were sub- mitted to the editor of a Glasgow paper. These were accepted and duly appeared. Through some oversight no pecuniary acknowledgment was ever made, and the author, being then new to the work, did not think of pushing herclaim. In the mean- time the paper changed hands, and under all the circumstances, it seemed a forlorn hope to 107 approach the new editor on the subject. But seeking the advice of the secretary of this society, and receiving his opinion that there could be no legal claim, though there might be a moral one, the matter was laid before the editor in that light, and a handsome cheque was promptly sent to the author. When experiences concerning the shabbi- ness of editors are so numerous, it seems only just that an unexampled case of generosity should be made public. Y. AnotHER Case oF Honour. Here is another encouraging story. Four years ago a writer sent a MS. to the editor of a certain magazine. The paper was acknowledged and accepted. But from time to time the editor sent an apology; he was crowded out; at last he sent back the paper itself with the following letter : «The editor of much regrets the long detention of Mr. ’s MS. Other matter of more general interest have seemed from month to month to claim precedence. He begs, there- fore, to return the MS. with apologies. A cheque for a guinea is sent in acknowledgment.” VI. Aw Aaunoy ror Lirerary Work. Mention has been made in the Author of a certain agency for finding situations for ladies and others, as governesses, secretaries, journalists, &e. This agency undertook for a fee of 5s., to register the names of persons seeking em- ployment, and to advertise their requirements in the Zimes, Morning Post, Standard, Daily News, and other papers. Many persons appear to have paid their money, without ever asking themselves the two simple questions, (1) How far 5s. would go in advertising in “ influential” papers? (2) Whether editors, publishers, em- ployers of all kinds were in the habit of con- sulting this registry? However, the following letter seems to show that such an agency need not necessarily be a “bogus’’ coucern. The writer says: “There are others, besides myself, who feel that it is worth expending 5s. on the chance of getting employment. If anyone would poimt out a more exemplary agency we should, of course, patronise it ; till then, I am afraid we, victims though we be, shall go in tribes to the less commendable ones. We are not able to gain any knowledge of matters literary (I am leaving out the artistic side altogether), which anyone with the smallest acquaintance with the literary  108 world would be able to do. We object to advertising, and probably, should we do so, we should advertise in the wrong papers. We should as soon think of flymg as walking into an office and asking if our services were required, and it would certainly cost us five shillings in postage to attack probable and improbable employers through the post ; besides, that course is more repugnant to us than risking five shillings in the business. Indirectly I obtained an intro- duction through an agent to a paper—a thing which I have no cause to repent; however, I know, as a matter of fact, that there is a large opening for such an agency, and could it be conducted in a thorough manner, I feel sure it would be successful. Those in the charmed circle of literary life have no idea what a howling wilderness it appears to those outside, nor how ignorant the outsider is and incapable of managing his own affairs, especially if he is not born with the gift of pushing himself.” * * * [Certain other letters are held over for want of space.—Ep. | De “AT THE AUTHOR'S HEAD.” ae HE Association of American Authors,” a whose secretary is Mr. Charles Burr Todd, has now issued the first Book of Constitution, Bye-laws, &c., with its first list of members. It is not stated whether any amalgamation has been effected or offered with the first society, but apparently this new association has attracted by far the better class of writers. Among the members we observe the names of George Cable, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Charles Dudley Warner, Julian Hawthorne, Edward Bellamy, William Dean Howell, Moncure Conway, Elizabeth Ward, Mary Wilkins, Louise Chandler Moulton, J. Chandler Harris, Margaret Deland, Thomas Bailey Aldrich, Ella Wilcox, John Bigelow, among many others. There are ninety- three members in all. They propose having a dinner in October. Mr. Reginald E. Salwey, author of ‘“ Wild- water Terrace,’ publishes this month, through Messrs. Hurst and Blackett, a new novel, in two volumes, called ‘‘ The Finger of Scorn.” Kossuth, we learn from an evening paper, though nearly ninety years of age, is still writing his own memoirs. He reads and writes without glasses, he is not deaf, and he lives in Turin. THE AUTHOR. A new edition, in eight volumes, is to appear of _ Lord Tennyson’s complete works. Mr. J. Stanley Little contributes an article entitled “A Pan-Anglican Alliance” to the current number of ‘Greater Britain,’ wherein — he presents for consideration an alternative — scheme of national unity should imperial federa. tion prove to be impracticable. “More Kin than Kind,” is the title of Mr. Loftus Tottenham’s new novel, which has just been published by Messrs. Hurst and Blackett. The output of the month has been limited by the excitement of the general election, now happily over. There are few new books to notice, and still fewer to announce. Among noticeable books are Cotton’s “ Mountstuart Elphinstone” (Clarendon Press) ; the new edition of Herrick’s — Poems with Swinburne’s Preface (Laurence and Bullen); Birrell’s “Res Judicate;” Round’s “Geofirey de Mandeville;” and Saintsbury’s Essays (noticed elsewhere). Mrs. C. E. C. Weigall is now writing the serial story in the Quiver, ‘A Lincolnshire Lass,” and she has just completed a serial for Cassell’s Magazine, which will shortly appear, entitled “A Romance of Man.” A short story by her will also appear in an early number of Winter’s Weekly. Mr. Mackenzie Bell contributes to the Christian Leader a poem founded on a supposed incident of the earlier Puritan period. Mr. Edward Clodd has written a memoir of his friend Mr. H. W. Bates, which will be pre- fixed to a reprint of the very scarce first edition of the Nationalist onthe Amazons. Some hitherto unpublished letters from Darwin, Wallace, and Dr. (now Sir) Joseph Hooker will be given in the memoir. Another royal poet. It is Queen Natalie of Servia, who writes “The Poem of the Crowned Child.”’ The crowned child is, we suppose, her own son. The name of Mrs. Macquoid’s new novel is “ Appledore Farm.” It will be published in the autumn. An article by Mr. J. Ellard Gore, F.R.A.S., on “The Secret of the Heavens,” appears in the Gentleman’s Magazine for July, and another on “Life in Other Worlds” in the Monthly Packet for the same month. . “The Life of Jack Wilton,’ by Thomas Nash, will be republished with an essay on Nash and his writings by Edmund Gosse.  Tah AUGLHOR. “The Language of Monkeys.” We have heard ~ a good deal about this grand discovery. The dis- ~ecoverer has made a book about it, which will 44 appear very shortly. ' Another Carlyle book. This time the “ Letters , } of Geraldine Jewsbury to Mr. Carlyle,” edited by <} Mr. Alexander Ireland. A new edition of Murray’s ‘“ Handbook for ob Norway” has been issued, edited by Mr. Thomas i) Michell, H.R.M. Consul at Christiania. Mr. Lehmann’s “ Ailesbury Election and other i papers,” from Punch, will be issued by Messrs. © Henry and Co. \ A new novel by the author of “The Leaven- os worth Case.” It is called “ Cynthia Wakeham’s Jf Money,” and will be published by G. P. Putnam’s oe Sons. A new and enlarged edition of Treloar’s, |* «“Ludgate Hill,” is preparing. Mr. James Sully has been appointed Professor io of Philosophy of Mind and Logic at University 69 College, London, in succession to Professor Croom € 4 Robertson, resigned. : Mr. Joseph Hatton has written a novel bearing di the title of “Under the Great Seal.” Mr. Andrew Tuer’s proffered prize of £100 for 7g guessing the title of a story has not been awarded. VY No one guessed the right title. Professor Nichol has written a ‘ Life of Car- yf lyle” for John Morley’s English Men of Letters. {| It was supposed that the series had been closed. “ A Son of the Fens,” by T. H. Emerson, is a 4 book which will delight anybody who loves i; the talk and the doings and the opinions 6 of those who live nearest to the earth. Mr. 7 Emerson is doing for Norfolk what Jefferies b did for Wiltshire. His “Pictures of East A> Anglian Life,” ‘“ Wild Iife on a Tidal 7 Water,” and “Life on the Norfolk Broads,” are ‘s already known, and well known. This book, which 4 isan autobiography in the Norfolk tongue, will * meet with many readers and many admirers. “ Bast and West, or Alexander’s Death,” is the title of a book of verse written by the author of the “Fairy Ballad Book” (G, Bell and Sons). The tragedy which gives the title to the book is followed by a collection of poems on general topics, some of which are very pretty and graceful, both metres and rhymes being of the simple kind. Perhaps a little study of the recently-introduced metres might be of advantage to this writer, who shows already that she possesses the true poetic oift. 109 Miss Anna Swanwick will immediately produce a work entitled “ Poets the Interpreters of their Age” (George Bell and Sons). Mr. William Alfred Gibbs has produced a volume of verse, in continuation of the “ Prelude,” by the wish of H.S.H. Princess May ot Teck. It is published by Messrs. Sampson Low and Ca: and all the profits, if any, derived from the work, will be given to the fund for helping wives and children of soldiers and sailors. All those interested in that fund are hereby, therefore, invited to purchase copies. Those who are interested in modern poetry may order the book as a strong-spirited, and in some respects, a noble poem. “Wife Yet no Wife” is the title of the new novel about to be published by Mr. John Cole- man, author of “The White Lady of Rose- mount,” “Players and Playwrights,” &c. CH: J Deane, Wine Office-court, Fleet-street.) It will appear first in three-volume form. The tale is one of adventure, romance, and push of the present day. The scene is laid alternately in England, India, and Monte Carlo. NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS. + Theology. Buxton, Mrs. Sypney. Side Lights upon Bible History. With illustrations. Macmillan. 5s. Coaatn, F. 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Kegan Paul. A manual Longmans. The  110 Sanpay, W.—Two Present-Day Questions: 1, Biblical Criticism ; 2, The Social Movement. Sermons preached before the University of Cambridge by W. Sanday, D.D. Longmans. History and Biography. AuuiEs, Mary H. History of the Church in England, from the beginning of the Christian Era to the Acces- sion of Henry VIII. Burns and Oates. 6s. CuurcH or En@Lanp, THE: its Growth and Progress during the Present Century. Reprinted from the Daily Graphic. Simpkin, Marshall. Paper covers. 3d. CLIFFORD, IsaBeLLA G. C. The Descent of Charlotte Compton, Baroness Ferrers de Chartley, Baroness Compton, daughter of James Compton, Fifth Harl of Northampton, and Elizabeth Shirley, Baroness F. de Chartley. By her great-granddaughter. Methuen and Co. tos. 6d. Compton, THroporr. A Mendip Valley, its inhabitants and surroundings, being an enlarged and illustrated edition of Winscombe sketches. 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Imperial Defence Act, 1888—Accounts (jd.). East India (Civil and Military Engineers in the Public Works Department), Correspondence (5%d.). Watermen’s and Lightermen’s Company Bill, and Bargeowners’, &c., Liability Bill—Report and Special Report from the Select Committee (13d.). Caledonian Canal — 87th Report of the Commissioners (2d.). Arrears of Rent (Ireland) Act, 1882—Rules (4d.). Educa- tion in Scotland—Report of the Committee of Council (24d.). Tenth Annual Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland for 1891, Part I.— General Report (74d.). Part II. Salmon Fisheries (1s. 9d.). Land Registry—Account of Receipts and Payments for year ended March 31, 1892 (3d.). Fourth Report from the Committee of Public Accounts (11d.). 35th Annual Report of the Trustees of the National Portrait Gallery, 1892 (1d.). Report from the Select Committee on Town Holdings (1s.). Irish Land Commission, report of sales completed for the six months ended Dec. 31 last (1d.). Minutes of evidence and appendices taken before Group “ GC of the Labour Commission, vol. 1, Textile (4s. 7d.). Education Department, Metropolitan Divisions, General Report for 1891 (1d.). Education (Scotland), Southern  114 THE AUTHOR. Western, and Northern divisions, General Reports for 1891 (23d. each.) Return as to the number of Licences for the sale of Intoxicating Liquors, the Renewal of which was Refused in 1890-91 in England and Wales (sd.). Copy of return of the Loss of Life at Sea for 1890 Qd.). 10th Report of the Royal University of Ireland for 1891 (13d.). Report from the Select Committee on House of Commons (Re-arrangement of Rooms) (2d.) ; Report and special report from the Select Committee on Watermen’s and Lightermen’s Company Bill and Bargeowners’, &c., Liability Bill (od.). Comparative Statement of Pauperism in England and Wales for April (2d.). Bankruptey Act 1883—Account for year ended March 81, 1892 (d.). Returns relating to the London County Council (1}d.) Precedence of the Duke of York, minutes of proceedings. Report from the Select Committee on Town Holdings (1s.). Naval Prize Money, accounts for year ended March 31 last (13d.). Dog Regulation (Ireland) Act, account for 1891 (1d.). Census of Ireland, Supplement (3d.). Report from the Select Committee on the Military Lands Consolidation Bill (sid.). Fines, &c., Treland, abstract of accounts for 1890 (1d.). Further Correspondence respecting British Immigrants in Brazil (1s. 2$d.); Post Office (Revenue and Expenditure), Return for each year since 1869-70 (in continuation of Paper No. 33 of Session 1891), and showing the estimate for the year ending March 31, 1892 ($d.). Post Office Telegraphs (Revenue and Ex- penditure), Return for each year since the purchase of the Telegraphs (in continuation of Paper No. 34 of Ses- sion 1891), and showing the estimate for the year end- ing March 31,1892 (3d.). Kitchen and Refreshment Rooms (House of Commons), Report from the Select Committee (d.). Arrests for Dronkenness (Ireland), Return of the Arrests in Dublin, Belfast, Cork, Limerick, and Waterford on Sundays between May 1, 1891, and April 30, 1892 (1d.); Electric Lighting Orders Confirmation (No. 4) Bill (4d.). Elec- tric Lighting Orders Confirmation (No. 5) Bill (id.). Electric Lighting Orders Confirmation (No. 6) Bil ($d.). Certified Day Industrial Schools, Order of the Secretary of State (1d.). Hast India (Opium), Return for 1890-91 (in continuation of return on page 20 of the Return of Session 1892) ($d.). Clergy Discipline (Immorality) Bill, Report from the Standing Committee on Law, and Courts of J ustice, and Legal Procedure (3d.). Police and Sanitary Regulations Bills, Proceedings of the Select Committee (3d.). Census of Ireland, 1891: Part 1, vol. 4, Province of Connaught ; No. 1, County Galway (1s. 6d.). Reports for 1891 on the Bahamas, Jamaica (Turks and Caicos Islands); and Gambia (1d.) each; Further Corre- spondence respecting British Immigrants in Brazil (1s. 2}d.). Forther return as to Endowed Charities in Denbighshire (3}d.). Irish Land Commission—Return of Proceedings during May, 1892 (1d.). goth Report of the Royal Commissioners of the Patriotic Fund to the Queen (5}d.). Digest of the Evidence taken before Group A. of the Royal Commission on Labour, Vol. 1, Mining (10}d.). Police (Foreign Countries) : Reports from Her Majesty’s Representatives in the United States, France, Prussia, Austria, Italy, and Spain (3d.); County Officers and Courts (Ireland) Act, 1877 accounts for the year ended March 31, 1892 (#d.). Isle of Man, Revenue and expenditure for the year ended March 31, 1892 (1d.). Foreign Office Annual Series— Sweden (Gothenburg) (2d.) ; Argentine Republic (14d.) ; Portugal (Loanda) (1 $d ); Guatemala (Quezaltenago)(1d.); Zanzibar, Imports and Hxports for February, 1892 (1d.). East India (Loans Raised in India), Return of loans out- standing at the commencement of the half-year ended March 31, 1892, with rates of interest and other details (3d.). Trade and Navigation, Accounts for June, 1892 (6d.). Fee Fund (House of Lords), Accounts from April 1, 1891 to March 31, 1892 (d.) Dublin Hospitals, 34th report of the Board of Superintendence (3d.). Scotch Education Department, 1oth annual Report by the Accountant for Scotland (6d.). Educa- tion Department. South-Eastern Division, General report for 1891 by the Chief Inspector (14d.). Rail- way Rates and Charges Provisional Order Bills, Report (6s. 2d.). Land Commission (Ireland), Salaries of Officers and Clerks, and length of service of each individual (1d.). Superannuation. Acts Amendment (No. 2) Bill, Report from the Select Committee (2$d.). High Court of Justice and Court of Appeal, &c., Accounts (}d.). Endowed Charities (Warwick), Return of Charities recorded in the books of the Charity Commissioners, but not recorded in the General Digest of Endowed Charities in the county 1872-4, or in that in Coventry 1872-4, in continuation of Papers No. 243 (1) and 243 of Session 1875 (5d.). Royal Com- mission on Labour: Digest of Evidence taken before Group B., Vol. 1 (94d.). Digest of Evidence taken before Group C., Vol. 1 (10d.). Electric and Cable Railways (Metropolis) Report (1s. 53d.). Alien Immi- gration (June) (3d.). Civil List Pensions (d.). Education Department—General Reports—East Central Division and West Central Division for the year 1891 (13d.) each. Foreign Office Annual Series—United States (Charleston and District (2}d.); France (Nice and District) (1d.); Venezuela (1d.). British West Indies and British Guiana (Import Duties on Certain Articles) (2}d.). Rating (Metropolis) : Return of the population and the number of inhabited houses according to last census, rateable value according to the valuation lists in force on April 6, 1890, and the rates made during the year ended March 25 (sd.). Permanent Charges Commuta- tion: Treasury Minute (}d.). First and second Annual Reports of the Astronomer-Royal for Scotland, 1891 and 1892 (3d. each). Board of Agriculture—Report on the Distribution of Grants for Agricultural Educa- tion in 1891-92 (5d.). Education (Scotland) Training Colleges—Reports for 1891 (43d.). Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories and Workshops for year ended Oct. 31, 1891 (18. 3d.). Ultimus Heres (Scot- land) (account and list of estates) (d.). Naval Savings Banks, Account (}d.). Report from Select Committee on Corn Sales (64d.). Gresham Estate Return (4d.). Standing Orders of the House of Lords as to private Bils, &c. Trustee Savings Banks, Return for 1891 (2}d.) Local Taxation Returns (England) for 1889-90. Part VII., Summary (10}d.). Metropolitan Hospitals, Third Report from the Select Committee of the House of Lords (11}d.). Savings Banks and Friendly Societies, Accounts, 1891 (3d.). Railway Servants (Hours of Labour), Report from the Select Committee (6d.). Census of Ireland, 1891—Part 1, vol. 3, Ulster, Sum- mary Tables and Indexes (10d.). Public Libraries Law Consolidation Bill, Report from the Select Committee (1d.). Galway Infirmary Bill, Report from the Select Committee (4d.). Corn Sales, Report from the Select Committee (id.). Shop Hours Bill, Report and Special Report from the Select Committee (13d.). Midwives Registration, Report from the Select Committee ($d.). Universal Postal Union (Convention of Vienna) (23d.). Statute Law Revision, Report of the Joint Select Com- mittee of the House of Lords and the House of Commons (1d.). 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