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            <text>Vol. I.–No. 4.]&#13;
:&#13;
AUGUST 15, 1890.&#13;
[Price, Sixpence.&#13;
The Author.&#13;
THE ORGAN OF THE SOCIETY OF AUTHORS&#13;
(INCORPORATED).&#13;
CONDUCTED BY&#13;
WALTER BESANT.&#13;
published for the Society be&#13;
ALEXANDER P. WATT, 2, PATERNOSTER SQUARE,&#13;
LONDON, E.C.&#13;
1890.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 88 (#116) #############################################&#13;
&#13;
B Bertan lebt na 1878&#13;
and trousands of lettus.&#13;
Meu Matie, Foad Co.,&#13;
Heee it in as o an one&#13;
Gentlemen.&#13;
... und and I hohe you all&#13;
Thave sur me of your&#13;
do the beach you can for in&#13;
reus, to have a point mended though I have sin the mean&#13;
rough New Horhe Luis&#13;
hier tought acurther of your&#13;
Ito. of the city.&#13;
Ion may like to know that shake - Corrugatia macked C.&#13;
I have made this seu constantly&#13;
. Toe neut know whether&#13;
formue han twenty Ecard,&#13;
que cau hire this testimonial&#13;
time the days of a book of min&#13;
won't feel as if the pen when&#13;
called "The Autonatop the&#13;
han canied out to much of&#13;
Breakfast talle "1857-8 mutie&#13;
.. any trought and brought back&#13;
last Friday without refrain and&#13;
To much in basiese forms air :&#13;
alway kiho heafect Dalesfachan&#13;
return was enlitted to this&#13;
I have wither with is halfa&#13;
carojicut of ammala tecnce&#13;
dozen or more volumes, a&#13;
Sau, Gunthen Yous turly&#13;
Jance neemba of Enrays the&#13;
Diva Wonotele Homes&#13;
Illustrated Price List will be sent, free and post paid, on application to Mabie, TodD &amp; BARD, 93, CHEAPSIDE, LONDON.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 89 (#117) #############################################&#13;
&#13;
flbt Jttttljar.&#13;
(The Organ oj the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly?)&#13;
CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT.&#13;
Vol. I.—No. 4-]&#13;
AUGUST i5, 1890.&#13;
- - [Price Sixpence.&#13;
CONTENTS.&#13;
PAGE 1&#13;
PAGE&#13;
News and Notes&#13;
89 | The Annual Dinner&#13;
90&#13;
NEWS AND NOTES.&#13;
IT has always been our custom to publish the&#13;
proceedings at the annual dinner of the&#13;
Society as a pamphlet, and send it round to&#13;
our members, in order that those unable to be&#13;
present on the occasion may benefit, equally with&#13;
the guests, from the speeches, and may resolve not&#13;
to absent themselves on a future occasion.&#13;
There is a dearth of matter for Literary Notes&#13;
and News in the month of August. The Author&#13;
for this month has therefore been made to consist&#13;
wholly of the proceedings at the dinner. We have&#13;
received communications, which in the natural&#13;
course of events would have been inserted in The&#13;
Author this month, but have decided to delay their&#13;
appearance.&#13;
Several of these are so interesting, and so dis-&#13;
tinctly have reference to our aims and objects that&#13;
it would be the greatest pity to attempt to discuss&#13;
them now.&#13;
It is not fair upon any question of interest to&#13;
submit it to the public—especially to a public&#13;
largely made up of working litterateurs—at this&#13;
season of the year.&#13;
—*-—&#13;
Paying for Production.—Thefollowingcutting&#13;
from some unknown journal was sent to me :—&#13;
"According to Mr. Besant's thinking, authors&#13;
should not pay for the printing and publishing of&#13;
their own books.&#13;
"I am loth to mention names, but I can assure Mr.&#13;
Besant that a great many of our now most popular&#13;
vol. l&#13;
authors did pay for the printing and publishing of&#13;
their first books, including Mr. Besant and his&#13;
clever partner, the late Mr. James Rice."&#13;
This is one of the little paragraphs which contrive&#13;
to tell the truth and to suggest a falsehood.&#13;
It is perfectly false to say that my late partner&#13;
and myself ever were such fools as to "pay for&#13;
production."&#13;
It is perfectly true that with many of our novels&#13;
—certainly the first three—we chose to print and&#13;
bind the work ourselves, and placed it ready for&#13;
publication in the publisher's hands. He sold it on&#13;
commission, which, in honest hands, is a very good&#13;
way of publishing a book though it involves some&#13;
knowledge of practical publishing and a good deal&#13;
of trouble. The way to work it is—&#13;
(1) To arrange with a printer and bookbinder.&#13;
(2) Tofind a commission publisher and arrange&#13;
about terms.&#13;
(3) To make the time ofpayment to the printer&#13;
fall at the time of receiving the first&#13;
publisher's return.&#13;
The advance or prepayment of money is thus&#13;
avoided. What the author risks is the difference&#13;
between the sales and the printers' bills.&#13;
As in the case of those persons who insist on&#13;
publishing what all the respectable houses refuse,&#13;
it is perfectly easy to work in this way, I have&#13;
always been amazed to find that they still fall into&#13;
the trap of so much down towards "cost of pro-&#13;
duction."&#13;
The Committee wish to impress upon members&#13;
of the Society, who are kind enough to interest&#13;
themselves in obtaining new members, that only&#13;
G&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 90 (#118) #############################################&#13;
&#13;
90&#13;
THE AUTHOR.&#13;
such persons are eligible for membership who have&#13;
at any time published work which may fairly entitle&#13;
them to be described as authors, or those who have&#13;
been or are at present engaged in journalistic work.&#13;
♦&#13;
In last month's issue of The Author by an over-&#13;
sight the names of Professor Max-Miiller and&#13;
Augustine Birrell, M.P., were unfortunately omitted&#13;
from those who have consented to join our Council.&#13;
A document called a Memorandum, in reply to a&#13;
certain pamphlet which is exercising the mind of&#13;
the Society for the Promotion of Christian Know-&#13;
ledge by sweating Christian authors, has been&#13;
received. It shall be published in the September&#13;
number with a few remarks; meantime, it is sufficient&#13;
to say here, that it does not answer a single point&#13;
raised in that pamphlet, that it gives no figures,&#13;
that it explains nothing, that it admits everything,&#13;
and that it ends by denying everything.&#13;
*&#13;
THE ANNUAL DINNER&#13;
OF THE&#13;
INCORPORATED SOCIETY OF&#13;
AUTHORS&#13;
WAS HELD AT "THE CRITERION"&#13;
ON&#13;
Tuesday, July 8th, 1890,&#13;
PROFESSOR JEBB, Litt.D., IN THE CHAIR. •&#13;
TH ERE were about two hundred members&#13;
and guests present at the dinner, amongst&#13;
whom were the following:—&#13;
T. Bailey Aldrich.&#13;
Dr. Allon.&#13;
J. P. Anderson.&#13;
Miss Anderson.&#13;
A. E. Armstrong.&#13;
Alfred Austin.&#13;
James Baker. F.R.G.S.&#13;
W. Balestier.&#13;
E. A. R. Ball.&#13;
A. Barczinsky.&#13;
Mrs. Batty.&#13;
Dr. Beattie-Crozier.&#13;
E. Bechmann.&#13;
A. W. a Beckett.&#13;
Mrs. Belloc.&#13;
Sir Henry Bergne, K.C.M.G&#13;
Oscar Berry.&#13;
Walter Besant.&#13;
Mrs. Walter Besant.&#13;
J. A.-Blaikie.&#13;
Herr Brand.&#13;
C. Brookfield.&#13;
Mrs. Brookfield.&#13;
Oscar Browning.&#13;
General Burton.&#13;
Mrs. Mona Caird.&#13;
A. C. Calmour.&#13;
Mrs. Lovett Cameron.&#13;
William Carey.&#13;
Miss Childar.&#13;
Professor Church, F.R.S.&#13;
P. W. Clayden.&#13;
Mrs. Clifford.&#13;
Miss Clodd.&#13;
Edward Clodd.&#13;
W. Morris Colles.&#13;
F. Howard Collins.&#13;
W. M. Conway.&#13;
Miss Roalfe Cox.&#13;
Mrs. Roalfe Cox.&#13;
Oswald Crawfurd, C.M.G.&#13;
Miss S. Creed.&#13;
Miss May Crommelin.&#13;
A. P. Crouch.&#13;
Miss Curtis.&#13;
Mrs-. Cuthell&#13;
Austin Dobson.&#13;
Mrs. Edmonds.&#13;
Charles Edwardes.&#13;
John Eric Erichsen, F.R.S.&#13;
Professor Michael Foster, F.R.S.&#13;
G. W. Forrest.&#13;
H. Gilzean-Reid, P.I.J.&#13;
Mrs. Gilzean-Reid.&#13;
Dr. Ginsburg.&#13;
Dr. Goodchild.&#13;
Edmund Gosse.&#13;
Mrs. Edmund Gosse.&#13;
Mrs. Egmont Hake.&#13;
Egmont Hake.&#13;
Professor Hales.&#13;
Captain Harding, R.N.&#13;
Henry Harland.&#13;
Isaac Henderson.&#13;
W. L. Hetherington.&#13;
Mrs. Cashel Hoey.&#13;
J. Hollingshead.&#13;
H. M. Holman.&#13;
Miss Eleanor Holmes.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 91 (#119) #############################################&#13;
&#13;
THE&#13;
AUTHOR. ■ 91&#13;
Mrs. Holmes.&#13;
Rev. J. Inches Hillocks.&#13;
Fergus Hume.&#13;
Rev. W. Hunt.&#13;
A. James.&#13;
Mrs. James. (" Florence Warden.")&#13;
C. T. C. James.&#13;
Jerome K. Jerome.&#13;
Rev. Prebendary Harry Jones.&#13;
Major Jones, R.E.&#13;
Mrs. Charles Jones.&#13;
Mr. Jones.&#13;
Miss Jones.&#13;
C. F. Keary.&#13;
H. G. Keene, CLE.&#13;
Rudyard Kipling.&#13;
R. B. S. Knowles.&#13;
James Stanley Little.&#13;
L£on Little.&#13;
Mrs. Long.&#13;
E. J. Martyn.&#13;
Campbell McKellar.&#13;
Dr. McKinney.&#13;
Mrs. Middleton-Wake.&#13;
Rev. C. H. Middleton-Wake, F.L.S.&#13;
Mme. Mijiatovich.&#13;
C. Mitchell.&#13;
B. Mitford.&#13;
J. Fitzgerald Molloy.&#13;
A. Montefiore.&#13;
H. J. Montgomery.&#13;
George Moore.&#13;
Mrs. Chandler Moulton.&#13;
H. Naidley.&#13;
Professor Nicholson.&#13;
Rev. W. Robertson Nicoll, LL.D.&#13;
Mrs. Goddard Orpen.&#13;
J. R. Osgood.&#13;
Mrs. Louisa Parr.&#13;
Dr. Parker.&#13;
A. Paterson.&#13;
Mrs. J. Pennell.&#13;
Miss E. Pollock.&#13;
Mrs. Walter Pollock.&#13;
Walter Herries Pollock.&#13;
Sir Frederick Pollock, Bart.&#13;
H. Campbell Praed.&#13;
Mrs. Campbell Praed.&#13;
Geo. Haven Putnam.&#13;
Mrs. Rohlf. (" Anna K. Green.")&#13;
Mr. Rohlf.&#13;
A. Gait Ross.&#13;
R. B. Ross.&#13;
Mrs. Mary Rowsell.&#13;
Mrs. Sala.&#13;
T. Bailey Saunders.&#13;
W. Baptiste Scoones.&#13;
Sydney Scott.&#13;
Professor A. Sedgwick, F.R.S.&#13;
Mrs. William Sharp.&#13;
William Sharp.&#13;
Mrs. Olive Logan Sikes.&#13;
G. R. Sims.&#13;
Dr. Sisley.&#13;
Professor Skeat.&#13;
G. W. Smalley.&#13;
G. Smith.&#13;
Mr. Crafton Smith.&#13;
Mrs. Crafton Smith. (" Nomad.")&#13;
Rev. J. Smith.&#13;
Miss S. J. Smith.&#13;
S. S. Sprigge {Secretary).&#13;
Dr. Balmanno Squire.&#13;
Sir John Stainer, Mus. Doc.&#13;
Lady Stainer.&#13;
Captain Stannard.&#13;
Mrs. Stannard. ("John Strange Winter.")&#13;
James Sully.&#13;
Miss Moy Thomas.&#13;
W. Moy Thomas.&#13;
A. W. Tuer.&#13;
Mrs. Underdown.&#13;
E. M. Underdown, Q.C.&#13;
Edric Vredenburg.&#13;
Arthur Warren.&#13;
A. P. Watt.&#13;
Theodore Watts.&#13;
William Westall.&#13;
Percy White.&#13;
Rev. Henry White.&#13;
Oscar Wilde.&#13;
W. H. Wilkinson.&#13;
Dr. C. J. Wills.&#13;
T. Woolner, R.A.&#13;
At the conclusion of dinner :—The Chairman&#13;
(in proposing the toast of "The Queen") said:&#13;
Ladies and gentlemen, the toast which I have the&#13;
honour now to propose to you is ever the first&#13;
where British subjects are assembled, and is ever&#13;
received with sincere loyalty and reverential attach-&#13;
ment,—sentiments justly inspired by a reign which&#13;
has given to this Empire, in the fullest measure, the&#13;
blessings of constitutional freedom, and which, in&#13;
every sphere of thought and action, has been auspi-&#13;
cious for the fruitful rivalries of peace. (Cheers.)&#13;
I ask you to drink to the health of our most&#13;
gracious Sovereign, the Queen.&#13;
The toast having been duly honoured—&#13;
The Chairman said: Ladies and gentlemen, the&#13;
next toast which I have the honour to propose to you&#13;
is that of the "Incorporated Society of Authors,"&#13;
and I rejoice that I can commence by offering&#13;
congratulations. During the past year, as the&#13;
VOL. I.&#13;
G 2&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 92 (#120) #############################################&#13;
&#13;
92&#13;
THE AUTHOR.&#13;
Report shows, the prosperity of this Society has&#13;
not only been fully maintained, but has been&#13;
increased in a marked degree. There has been a&#13;
very large accession to the number of members;&#13;
in every sphere of work which the Society has&#13;
entered, it has received fresh encouragement to&#13;
persevere; and amongst the new forms of activity&#13;
which it has developed, there is one which is&#13;
especially deserving of mention. The Society now&#13;
possesses a monthly periodical of its own in a&#13;
journal entitled The Author, which was published&#13;
for the first time in the month of May, and the&#13;
second number of which we have had in June.&#13;
It is an organ for the record and discussion of&#13;
everything that concerns the profession of letters;&#13;
it is also designed to be the medium by which&#13;
the Committee of the Society of Authors may keep&#13;
the other members informed of their proceedings.&#13;
The inception and editing of this Journal is a new&#13;
benefit which the Society owes to a member of its&#13;
Council, to whom it has been indebted for so&#13;
much else—Mr. Walter Besant. (Cheers.) I&#13;
think one may say that the establishment of this&#13;
Journal is a formal expression of the fact that this&#13;
Society is now the recognised guardian of great&#13;
and constantly growing interests. (Hear, hear.)&#13;
It is well known to all of you that on the list of&#13;
this Society's members are found some of the&#13;
foremost names in every branch of literature,&#13;
science, and art; and therefore in its corporate&#13;
capacity the Society may claim that representative&#13;
character which the appearance of this Journal&#13;
indicates. (Hear, hear.)&#13;
Literary property is no inconsiderable element in&#13;
the wealth of the nation; and yet hitherto the&#13;
producers of this wealth have, for various reasons,&#13;
been too often careless of their rights, and some-&#13;
times unable to defend them. This Society was&#13;
formed for the purpose of diffusing clearer know-&#13;
ledge regarding the nature and the value of literary&#13;
property, and also for the purpose of adopting all&#13;
possible means which may render such property&#13;
more secure.&#13;
In pursuing these aims there are, broadly&#13;
speaking, two principal provinces of endeavour&#13;
which such a Society as this is called upon to&#13;
enter:—One is that of the relations which exist&#13;
between authors and publishers; the other is the&#13;
Law of Copyright. As regards the relations which&#13;
exist between authors and publishers, the desire of&#13;
this Society is simply to see those relations placed&#13;
on a thoroughly intelligible and equitable footing&#13;
(hear, hear), a footing equitable for both the&#13;
partners in the joint enterprise. The Society&#13;
w;-' :s to see literary business conducted on prin-&#13;
■ similar to those which regulate business in&#13;
Lther form. Simply to state this is to say&#13;
that this Society has no quarrel whatsoever with&#13;
any honourable publishing firm. (Hear, hear.) On&#13;
the contrary, the work which this Society is attempt-&#13;
ing must be not less welcome to such firms than&#13;
it is to the authors themselves, for that work tends&#13;
to eliminate from the publishing vocation any&#13;
persons who may be likely to discredit it. It also,&#13;
by securing the fruits of his labour to the labourer,&#13;
encourages the deserving, and so seeks to elevate&#13;
the standard of literary produce.&#13;
It is fully and cordially recognised by the mem-&#13;
bers of this Society—recognised with a pride natural&#13;
to Englishmen—that the general history of publishing&#13;
in this country has been marked by integrity, in&#13;
many cases by enterprise, and in very many cases&#13;
by generosity. (Hear, hear.) On the other hand&#13;
it is undeniable that many authors are incapable&#13;
of appreciating the merits of a bargain proposed to&#13;
them by a trained man of business who regards the&#13;
matter from a commercial point of view; and it is&#13;
also undeniable that the details of the publishing&#13;
trade have too often been surrounded with a&#13;
needless amount of technical obscurity. (Hear,&#13;
hear, and laughter.) We fully recognize that&#13;
publishing is a useful, it may be a fine art, but we&#13;
deny that it ought to be a mystery. (Hear, hear.)&#13;
Now what have been the principal causes of such&#13;
mystery as has existed? The first cause concerns&#13;
what is termed the cost of production, that is to say,&#13;
of printing a book and introducing it to the public.&#13;
The Society has contributed to the elucidation&#13;
of this subject, which is well within the range of the&#13;
capacity conventionally described as "mean," by&#13;
publishing a little work for the use of its members,&#13;
called "The Cost of Production."&#13;
The other great cause of the haziness to which&#13;
I have alluded is of a subtler character: it is in&#13;
fact the time-honoured doctrine of "risk," which&#13;
might be described as the fundamental dogma of&#13;
bibliopolic orthodoxy. The classical adage that&#13;
"books have their fates" has been extended into&#13;
the doctrine that the fate of most books is very&#13;
nearly a toss up, and that, if a publisher has the&#13;
intrepidity to take his chance of heads or tails, such&#13;
heroism deserves a golden reward. (Laughter.)&#13;
Well, we are very far from denying that, down at&#13;
least to the early part of the eighteenth century,&#13;
the business of the publisher was in fact very often&#13;
an extremely hazardous one. But why was it so?&#13;
Because the reading public for most books was&#13;
then comparatively small; because circulation was&#13;
not assisted by such agencies as Book Clubs or&#13;
Literary Institutes; and because, for both those&#13;
reasons, the publisher found it difficult to feel the&#13;
pulse of the book-market. But before the end of&#13;
the eighteenth century a considerable change had&#13;
already occurred in that respect; and at the present&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 93 (#121) #############################################&#13;
&#13;
THE AUTHOR.&#13;
93&#13;
day it is affirmed by competent persons, who have&#13;
investigated the subject, that a publisher very&#13;
seldom indeed brings out a book with the danger of&#13;
losing much by it. A certain margin of uncertainty&#13;
must of course always exist; but the authors of these&#13;
original researches say that theamount of speculative&#13;
element in the publishing trade has been greatly&#13;
exaggerated. And yet how strange, how almost&#13;
pathetic it is to reflect on the large part which this&#13;
dreaded monster "risk" has played in literary&#13;
destinies! There was a time when the average&#13;
author, after receiving from the publisher that&#13;
modest recompense which was appropriate to those&#13;
who ventured nothing, beheld almost with awe the&#13;
publisher pass within the veil, bound for those&#13;
mysterious regions, "farin the unapparent," where,&#13;
like Hercules or Sir Calidore, he was to meet single-&#13;
handed that appalling bogey " risk," and to conquer&#13;
or to fall. It must be our best comfort to reflect&#13;
that by far the larger proportion of these daring&#13;
publishers have survived the ordeal. And surely in&#13;
their turn they will permit us to say that writers&#13;
desire a revelation of this monster "risk" which&#13;
shall be less in the manner of Milton and more in&#13;
the manner of Dante. It it not enough for us to&#13;
know that he floats many a rood. We should like to&#13;
have some more exact measure of his dimensions.&#13;
(Laughter.) Before leaving this topic of the relations&#13;
between author and publisher, I would onlyadd that,&#13;
when an author submits to the Committee of this&#13;
Society a proposed but still unsigned agreement with&#13;
a publisher, the Committee does him a service if it&#13;
points out a flaw, but it does him a service also if&#13;
it tells him that there is no flaw—that he has no&#13;
just grievance, and that he is getting as much as he&#13;
can fairly expect. (Hear, hear.)&#13;
Now I will touch very briefly on the question of&#13;
copyright. As you are aware, the International&#13;
Copyright Act of June, 1886, enables this country&#13;
to enter any International Copyright Union which&#13;
may be established. But before this country can&#13;
do so on equal terms it is desirable—it is even&#13;
necessary—that the various existing Acts affecting&#13;
Domestic Copyright should be amended and con-&#13;
solidated. (Hear, hear.) The draft of a Bill for&#13;
that purpose has been prepared by a Committee of&#13;
this Society, of which the chairman is Sir Frederick&#13;
Pollock. (Applause.) As regards International&#13;
Copyright, the case of course in which it most&#13;
directly affects British authors is that of protection&#13;
for their works in the United States. (Hear, hear.)&#13;
It was naturally with a certain feeling of dis-&#13;
appointment that we lately learned that the House&#13;
of Representatives in Congress had thrown out, by&#13;
a majority of 28—by 126 votes against 98—the Bill&#13;
which would have afforded such protection. But&#13;
under our disappointment it is no small alleviation&#13;
vol. 1.&#13;
to know that everything that is soundest in American&#13;
opinion deplores that result (hear, hear), and&#13;
anxiously desires a correction of a state of things&#13;
which is felt to be unworthy of a great country.&#13;
(Hear, hear.) The present situation has been&#13;
clearly described in the current number of the&#13;
Fortnightly Review, by Mr. Edmund Gosse. (Ap-&#13;
plause.)&#13;
Among our guests this evening, the educated&#13;
opinion of the United States on this subject is&#13;
represented by some gentlemen who have been&#13;
strenuous supporters of that much-needed measure&#13;
of justice. One among them I may be permitted&#13;
to mention—one who for a long series of years has&#13;
been an indefatigable worker in that just cause—&#13;
Mr. George Haven Putnam. (Applause.) We&#13;
greet him and them, not as the champions of a&#13;
defeated cause, but as the champions of a cause&#13;
which in our hope and belief is destined to no&#13;
uncertain and no distant victory. (Cheers.) The&#13;
true interests of literature in the largest sense&#13;
are always international; and it is a source of&#13;
peculiar gratification to us that our meeting this&#13;
evening should be graced by the presence of a&#13;
representative of the German Society of Letters, to&#13;
whom we offer a respectful and cordial welcome.&#13;
(Cheers.)&#13;
And now, ladies and gentlemen, before I sit&#13;
down, it is my privilege to give you a message,&#13;
which I know you will receive with deep interest&#13;
and gratification. It is from the venerable an'd&#13;
illustrious President of this Society (general cheer-&#13;
ing), whose recent restoration to health has caused&#13;
rejoicing, not only throughout the British Empire,&#13;
but wherever the English language js spoken.&#13;
Lord Tennyson desires to assure you with what&#13;
sincere pleasure he learns of the continued and&#13;
increasing prosperity of this Society, and how glad&#13;
he is to know of the excellent work which it is&#13;
doing, in trying to make literary property more&#13;
secure. (Hear, hear.)&#13;
Ladies and gentlemen, I give you the toast of&#13;
"The Incorporated Society of Authors." (Loud&#13;
and prolonged cheering.)&#13;
Sir Frederick Pollock, in acknowledging the&#13;
toast, called attention to the practical work of the&#13;
Society in matters of foreign and colonial copyright,&#13;
and pointed out that the best and most certain way&#13;
to make the Society still more useful to its members&#13;
and to the world of letters, was for the members to&#13;
exert themselves to procure recruits and diffuse&#13;
knowledge of the Society and its operations.&#13;
Mr. Alfred Austin (in proposing the toast of&#13;
"Literature, Science, and Art") said: Professor&#13;
Jebb, ladies and gentlemen, when somewhat to my&#13;
surprise, and certainly very much above my deserts,&#13;
I was invited by the brilliant and vigorous man of&#13;
c 3&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 94 (#122) #############################################&#13;
&#13;
94&#13;
THE AUTHOR.&#13;
letters, who is the Chairman of this Society, to&#13;
propose this evening the toast of "Literature,&#13;
Science, and Art," my first impression was that it&#13;
would be difficult for any man, and for me well&#13;
nigh impossible, to rise to the height of so great a&#13;
task; but on further reflection it occurred to me&#13;
that perhaps I was taking the toast, and myself as&#13;
well, a little too seriously, and I remembered&#13;
that in days less decorous, but perhaps more&#13;
convivial than these, there invariably appeared in&#13;
the programme of a festive evening the toast&#13;
"Our noble selves." Well, sir, in an assembly&#13;
consisting for the most part of men of letters, of&#13;
men of science, and of artists, what after all is the&#13;
toast of "Literature, Science, and Art," but the&#13;
ancient toast "Our noble selves"? So far as&#13;
science and art are concerned, I almost think that&#13;
toast is superfluous. Science certainly has received&#13;
abundant homage in this way: it has been hailed,&#13;
justly no doubt as the master of the modern world,&#13;
and art too it seems to me, still enjoys the favour&#13;
of princes, and the deference and adulation of critics.&#13;
But I feel sure that literature stands in poorer&#13;
case. Whatever we men of letters may think of&#13;
ourselves, I fancy the present age thinks very little&#13;
of us, most pedple in the present generation it&#13;
seems to me, being of opinion that the writing of&#13;
great works is a thing no longer worth doing, or&#13;
that writing is a thing that anybody can do. In&#13;
the face of such an attitude towards letters, is it&#13;
not natural, nay indeed, is it not necessary to ask&#13;
ourselves the question—What is literature? But&#13;
the moment we propound that question we find&#13;
ourselves confronted by two principles, two opinions,&#13;
that are a little hard to reconcile. Is literature&#13;
whatever people may choose to write and publish,&#13;
or is it that finer breadth of knowledge, that finer&#13;
spirit of thought, that finer form of expression,&#13;
which, as we all know, is the secret of only a&#13;
minority of those who write? In a word, is&#13;
literature something refined, elevated, fastidious—&#13;
allow me the word exclusive—or is it on the other&#13;
hand something broad, comprehensive, familiar,&#13;
and in which anyone, if so he chooses, may share?&#13;
The man who in these days seeks to be the&#13;
champion tif exclusiveness, or indeed of superiority&#13;
in any form, sets himself a difficult, an invidious,&#13;
and certainly a most unpopular task. Yet in an&#13;
assembly like this—an assembly consisting of men&#13;
who are proud of literature, proud of being men of&#13;
letters, and to whom the only patent of nobility&#13;
that they would think of for a moment, is literary&#13;
distinction—perhaps I may be allowed to add, in&#13;
which, so far as I can observe, any belief in any&#13;
other form of aristocracy, is well nigh dead—it may&#13;
still be desirable to maintain an aristocracy; it may&#13;
be a natural, but withal a recognisable aristocracy&#13;
of letters. Of course, by "aristocracy," I mean&#13;
the influence and recognition of what is best, and&#13;
I think that in this age an aristocracy of letters&#13;
might well be maintained. But, sir, if it is to be&#13;
maintained, is it not the fact that it must be imbued&#13;
with a deep reverence for tradition. Whatever&#13;
position we men of letters may occupy in the&#13;
present age, we at least have had great ancestors,&#13;
and the greatness of those ancestors, it seems to&#13;
me, compels us in our turn, whether we succeed or&#13;
whether we fail, at any rate to try to be great, or&#13;
they will reproach us if we fail to do so. But what&#13;
was it that made the distinction of those ancestors?&#13;
Surely it was the manner in which they presented&#13;
their thoughts, the methods by which those great&#13;
writers contrived to insinuate their thoughts at&#13;
once, and to make them abide for ever in the minds&#13;
of men. In a word it was the style, style, which is&#13;
the most aristocratic of all things, because it implies&#13;
absolute self-respect on the part of the writer, and a&#13;
most perfect consideration and deference for those&#13;
whom he addresses; surely without style, before&#13;
these days, no one would have supposed that there&#13;
could have been such a thing as literature at all.&#13;
Nevertheless, I suppose we shall all be of opinion&#13;
that even the claims of style may be pressed too&#13;
far. Everything in this world most readily and&#13;
most rapidly tend to degeneration and to decay,&#13;
and it is conceivable that a select class of writers,&#13;
animated by a passionate attachment to style, may&#13;
end by caring for nothing else.&#13;
Now, substance without form is better than form&#13;
without substance; and is it not possible that in&#13;
our search for that harmony, that common ground,&#13;
of which I spoke, between the champions of easy&#13;
going comprehensiveness on the one side, and&#13;
fastidious exclusiveness on the other side, with&#13;
regard to literature, is it not possible that we may&#13;
now have come upon that very thing of which we&#13;
are in search? The barbarians destroyed the&#13;
Roman Empire, but in that very act they renovated&#13;
the world and sowed the seeds even on the fields&#13;
they devastated, of the love of literature in the&#13;
future. And may we not be seeing at this moment&#13;
something akin—something analogous? I think&#13;
the masters of style whom I see around me to-night&#13;
will concur in the observation that in this age there&#13;
has been a tremendous irruption of barbarians into&#13;
the domain of literature; but instead of reviling&#13;
them should you not receive them with open arms?&#13;
They bring with them I suppose the modern spirit.&#13;
Their baggage may be sometimes rude and&#13;
occasionally perhaps a trifle scanty ; but at any rate&#13;
it is new and it is their own. Nor do I think there&#13;
is any fear of their overwhelming you, the masters&#13;
of style. At any rale they will not overwhelm you&#13;
permanently nor for ever keep back from mankind&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 95 (#123) #############################################&#13;
&#13;
THE AUTHOR,&#13;
95&#13;
that in you which deserves to be perpetuated and&#13;
when the fear of their onset, the onset of these&#13;
barbarians, has passed away, style, like Shelley's&#13;
cloud, will " silently laugh at its own cenotaph," and&#13;
changing, but never dying, will arise after a time&#13;
and re-assert its perpetual fascination.&#13;
Therefore I am sure I shall most faithfully carry&#13;
out your behests if in proposing the toast of&#13;
"Literature, Science, and Art," I regard literature&#13;
in no narrow spirit, but in the broadest possible&#13;
signification, heartily sympathising with all those,&#13;
whether they may be masters or apprentices, whether&#13;
poets or novelists, historians or artists, dramatists&#13;
or journalists, who aspire to be regarded as men&#13;
of letters.&#13;
Many of us are of opinion that the state of&#13;
English Society with its infinite variety and easy,&#13;
endless gradations, is the most satisfactory, as&#13;
assuredly it is the most natural that the world has&#13;
ever seen. And is not this infinite variety—are not&#13;
these easy, endless, elastic gradations represented&#13;
in literature? It is no question of high and low;&#13;
it is no question of superior and inferior; it is only&#13;
a heterogeneous but harmonious company, ani-&#13;
mated by a common animation, and marching on&#13;
to a common end under the banner of a generous&#13;
brotherhood.&#13;
And here, sir, I think I might cease to occupy&#13;
your attention, were it not that 1 find that in this&#13;
toast science and art are coupled with literature,&#13;
and I should gladly testify, however inadequately,&#13;
to the close kinship which subsists between litera-&#13;
ture and science, and between science and art.&#13;
Many persons in these days have expressed grave&#13;
anxiety lest science, with its hard-headed temper&#13;
and practical spirit, should prove to be the enemy&#13;
of literature. Surely, sir, there never was a more&#13;
idle or more unfounded fear. Astronomy, I sup-&#13;
pose, is the oldest of the sciences; but surely the&#13;
definite and helpful discoveries of Kepler and&#13;
Copernicus, or of Newton and Galileo, have in no&#13;
degree diminished the magic and" mystery of the&#13;
stars. But there is a still more helpful relation&#13;
between science and literature. It is more than&#13;
250 years since Harvey published his celebrated&#13;
treatise on the circulation of the blood, but I&#13;
suppose that neither lovers nor men of letters&#13;
discourse less effectively or less fervently about&#13;
the heart than they did in days of old when Helen&#13;
was killed, or Dido was abandoned.&#13;
With regard to the connection between literature&#13;
and art, I prefer that Professor Conway should&#13;
discourse upon that subject. Therefore, ladies and&#13;
gentlemen, I propose to you the toast of " Litera-&#13;
ture, Science, and Art," coupled with the names of&#13;
Professor Hales, Professor Erichsen, and Professor&#13;
Conway. (Cheers.)&#13;
Professor Hales: Professor Jebb, ladies and&#13;
gentlemen, at this late hour of the night I will&#13;
not waste your time. Though I am sorry that no&#13;
more worthy name than my own could be selected&#13;
to respond to this toast, I thank you sincerely for&#13;
the honour you have done me. One thing strikes&#13;
me forcibly, however. I can imagine the amaze-&#13;
ment with which the authors of the last century&#13;
would have contemplated such a sight as we are&#13;
witnessing here to-night, downright regular authors&#13;
dining in state as wre are dining this evening.&#13;
(Laughter.)&#13;
Projessor John Eric Erichsen: Mr. Chairman,&#13;
ladies and gentlemen, when the history of the&#13;
nineteenth century comes to be written, the future&#13;
Lecky of another generation will have the task&#13;
before him of endeavouring to show the great and&#13;
deep influence that science has exercised during&#13;
the Victorian age, and not in its academic, or so&#13;
to speak, its scientific relations alone, but in all&#13;
that concerns the improvement of the social con-&#13;
ditions and the well-being of man, and in much&#13;
thatconcerns the political and international relations&#13;
of the civilized communities of the world. Every&#13;
century is an epoch or presents an epoch peculiarly&#13;
characteristic of itself in which some dominant&#13;
method of thought has found expression and has&#13;
influenced the feelings and the work of mankind;&#13;
and one may truly say that science in the nineteenth&#13;
century governs that expression. If we compare the&#13;
position of science as it was in the first decade of this&#13;
century with that which it now occupies in the last&#13;
decade, we cannot but be struck with the enormous&#13;
progress that it has made and the enormous&#13;
influence that it is exercising upon all classes and&#13;
all conditions of the community. If we look back&#13;
to what natural and applied science was in the&#13;
earliest period of this century—in the first decade&#13;
of this century—and compare it with what it is&#13;
now, we shall be struck with this enormous&#13;
difference—we shall see that in the early period&#13;
of this century what is called Natural History or&#13;
Zoology was really nothing but a description of&#13;
animals, the collection of stuffed beasts, the&#13;
classification of plants, and the giving, as it was&#13;
somewhat cynically termed, of " barbaric names to&#13;
worthless weeds," we shall find that more than half&#13;
a century had to elapse before that great doctrine of&#13;
evolution which has exercised so deep an impres-&#13;
sion, not only upon the scientific, but on the&#13;
philosophic and religious thought of this generation&#13;
had been put forward by Darwin. If we look&#13;
at the other natural sciences, and I shall not&#13;
attempt to lead you through them—we shall&#13;
find the same remarkable fact—that chemistry,&#13;
which was only getting into the position of a&#13;
science under the guidance of Davy and Wollaslon,&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 96 (#124) #############################################&#13;
&#13;
96&#13;
THE AUTHOR.&#13;
has now become not the handmaiden but the master&#13;
of every technical art, of every manufacture, and&#13;
has contributed largely to the comfort and happi-&#13;
ness of mankind. We shall find if we look back&#13;
to physical science, greatly advanced as it was,&#13;
that the professors of it had not the remotest&#13;
conception of the enormous strides it was destined&#13;
to take in days antecedent to railways and locomo-&#13;
tives—still more was it impossible, in the wildest&#13;
dreams of science, to think of locomotives not only&#13;
running along a level plane but ascending moun-&#13;
tain sides, tunnelling through Alpine chains for many&#13;
miles, carried aloft on gigantic structures many&#13;
hundred feet high above arms of the sea, and founded&#13;
upon bases that were buried a hundred feet below&#13;
the surface of the tide. If we look to the other&#13;
sciences, to electricity, for instance, which at that&#13;
period was simply a toy to amuse schoolboys, or&#13;
to instruct the audiences of mechanics' institutes,&#13;
we find now, beating gas as an illuminant, that other&#13;
great power which has been created almost within&#13;
our own time, that it has in the electric telegraph&#13;
connection in every part of the world, that by&#13;
telephone it conveys, not only the voice, but the&#13;
very tones of that voice, to a distance of hundreds&#13;
of miles, that by the phonograph it records on&#13;
almost indelible tablets the accents in which those&#13;
words were spoken. And if we go to other&#13;
departments of Science—to that with which I&#13;
am the most conversant—we shall find that by&#13;
those inestimable chemical agencies pain has been&#13;
rendered a thing of the past, that surgery has been&#13;
deprived of its terrors, that procedures which&#13;
appalled the stoutest, the most heroic breast, are&#13;
now submitted to by the most timid person with&#13;
complacency and without a murmur. These great&#13;
triumphs of science are enduring; they are perma-&#13;
nent, and can never be lost to mankind. There is&#13;
no such thing as retrogression in science; science&#13;
never moves in circles, but ever in advance; year&#13;
after year some fresh position is conquered, often&#13;
it is true, after a hot conflict, though happily not a&#13;
sanguinary one; and once having been obtained,&#13;
it is never lost. There is no finality in science.&#13;
Art may be final—it may be final, if not in its&#13;
conception, at all events in its perfection; but&#13;
science is illimitable alike in its conception and in&#13;
its execution. What oi)r ancestors knew we well&#13;
know, and we know much more than they did.&#13;
What they could'db we can accomplish, and more&#13;
—more than they ever dreamed of accomplishing.&#13;
The same will be the case with our successors&#13;
undoubtedly. They will stand in the same relation&#13;
to us that we now stand in in regard to our&#13;
predecessors.&#13;
Great as the triumphs of science have been, there&#13;
are yet, in all probability, greater triumphs still in&#13;
store for science. Any day may bring forth a&#13;
discovery that may revolutionize the world. We&#13;
are ever on the threshold, as it were, looking over&#13;
boundless plains of research, great fields of know-&#13;
ledge which may yield most fruitful results.&#13;
Whatever may happen in the future, if we may&#13;
judge from the past, we may be sure that nothing&#13;
but benefit from science will accrue to mankind—&#13;
that his social condition will be improved, that his&#13;
intellectual status will be raised, and that he will&#13;
have a wider horizon of knowledge constantly&#13;
spreading before him in the field of science.&#13;
(Cheers.)&#13;
Professor Conway: Ladies and gentlemen, I&#13;
will only detain you for one moment, and during&#13;
that moment I will express my astonishment at&#13;
"Art " having been included in this toast. I have&#13;
been debating in my own mind during the course&#13;
of dinner for what reason it has been done, and it&#13;
was not until I heard the words of the Chairman&#13;
with reference to the art of publishing that I under-&#13;
stood why art should be included in our toast list.&#13;
Unfortunately, I am no representative of that art.&#13;
The only art I know is the art of listening, and I&#13;
hoped that I should not have been called upon&#13;
for an after-dinner speech.&#13;
Professor Michael Foster (in the absence of Mr.&#13;
George Augustus Sala) then proposed the toast of&#13;
"The Guests." He said: Mr. President, ladies&#13;
and gentlemen, I am very sorry—it is not necessary&#13;
for me to say—that I am not George Augustus&#13;
Sala. Why George Augustus Sala is not here and&#13;
where he may be at the present moment I do not&#13;
know; but I am very sorry that he is not here—&#13;
sorry for those whose health he was about to pro-&#13;
pose, sorry for those who were about to listen to&#13;
him, and sorrowing still more for myself who have&#13;
to put my diminutive feet into his somewhat roomy&#13;
shoes. (Laughter.) Who I am does not, I think,&#13;
concern you to know; it is sufficient to say that I&#13;
belong to a large class, to those who cannot say&#13;
"no" when Walter Besant asks you to do a thing,&#13;
and I do it under circumstances of great difficulty.&#13;
Just before dinner in the room down below, when&#13;
we were expecting the time when the clock would&#13;
strike half-past seven precisely, I was talking to&#13;
one of our distinguished members, and he drew the&#13;
conversation towards speeches after dinner, and I&#13;
thought then that I had no speech before me. I&#13;
do not like to quote his exact words—in my scien-&#13;
tific memoirs I always quote the exact words of&#13;
authors—in this assembly I feel a diffidence in&#13;
doing so, but I will give you the effect, and it was&#13;
that instructive speeches after dinner are detestable.&#13;
Now I must unfortunately, be instructive, because&#13;
I have to propose to you "The Guests," and&#13;
although they are known to all the world they are&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 97 (#125) #############################################&#13;
&#13;
THE AUTHOR.&#13;
97&#13;
not all of them known to all of you. In the first place,&#13;
there is Mr. Gilzean Reid, who is the President of&#13;
the Institute of Journalists, which is a kindred&#13;
Institution with similar aims and identical objects.&#13;
If that is so Mr. Gilzean Reid is not a guest but a&#13;
brother. Then there is the German Society of&#13;
Authors, represented by Herr Brand, who has&#13;
already been referred to by the Chairman, and on&#13;
the principle that bis dat qui cito dat and therefore&#13;
qui bis dat cito dat, the toast will get to him all&#13;
the earlier if I ask you to repeat what has been&#13;
said. Then we come to a whole group which,&#13;
in the instructions that Mr. Walter Besant has&#13;
kindly given me, is spoken of as our American&#13;
friends, and here again I must commit an act of&#13;
reduplication. The first name I have to mention&#13;
is that of Mr. Geo. Haven Putnam, the greatest&#13;
friend of American Copyright. I have further to&#13;
mention Mr. Harry Harvey, who is well known all&#13;
over America—and perhaps I might venture to&#13;
say in the obscure little island of England—as&#13;
Sydney Scott. Then there is Mr. Bailey Aldrich,&#13;
an American poet, whom an English poet dares&#13;
to welcome as his guest. Lastly there is Mrs.&#13;
Chandler Moulton, the American poetess, with&#13;
whose poems all of us are familiar. Then I come&#13;
to one of whom, perhaps, though she is last is not&#13;
least Arriving at King's Cross this afternoon I&#13;
had an opportunity of a hurried word with a lady&#13;
who is not distantly connected with your Chairman.&#13;
I spoke to her of the interest attaching to ladies&#13;
dining in public with gentlemen. She said she&#13;
always thought that ladie s were in the way; she&#13;
then rushed into a cab before I had time to say&#13;
that that way was in all cases a shining way. But&#13;
perhaps Walter Besant will allow me to say that&#13;
with all respect for the great deeds that you have&#13;
done of late, I am inclined to think that the great&#13;
work of this Society of Authors has been that&#13;
they have instituted the practice of ladies dining&#13;
in public with gentlemen. (Applause.) I do not&#13;
know how the ladies have stood the severe baptism&#13;
of smoke, as my friend near me calls it, to which&#13;
they have been subjected; but I trust that in spite&#13;
of that and in spite of the speeches to which they&#13;
have listened and to which they are listening, they&#13;
have passed a pleasant evening. (Hear, hear.)&#13;
Ladies and gentlemen, I propose to you "Our&#13;
Guests," mentioning particularly the names of Mr.&#13;
Gilzean Reid, the President of the Institute of&#13;
Journalists, Herr Brand, and Mr. George Haven&#13;
Putnam. (Cheering.)&#13;
Mr. Giltean Reid: Mr. Chairman, Professor&#13;
Foster, ladies and gentlemen, I can assure you that&#13;
I shall not occupy your attention very long. A&#13;
friend has reminded rae that this is only the three&#13;
hundred and thirty-ninth time that I have responded&#13;
to the toast of the Institute of Journalists, and you&#13;
may rest assured that I am as anxious to get rid of&#13;
it as you are to get rid of me. I must protest&#13;
against being classed as a guest. I may claim in&#13;
one respect to be an author, as I wrote a book&#13;
which had a circulation of 1,400, which was sold to&#13;
the public at 6s., and which brought me the hand-&#13;
some recompense of £2 \2S. 3d. I also wrote&#13;
another book which had a circulation of 100,000,&#13;
and which never brought me a farthing profit. And&#13;
therefore I think I can claim to be one of your-&#13;
selves. We have not present here to-night George&#13;
Augustus Sala, and I always feel that a meeting of&#13;
literary men is defective without his genial sparkling&#13;
picturesque personality, which has added lustre to a&#13;
great profession. (Hear, hear.) Let me say we,&#13;
the Institute of Journalists, are entirely in sympathy&#13;
with the Society of Authors, and you may rest&#13;
assured that we shall continue, as we have been&#13;
doing, to work together for common and bene--&#13;
ficial ends. There are many common ends to&#13;
which we can co-operate, and to which we&#13;
have co-operated with this Society of Authors in&#13;
seeking to promote an equitable distribution of the&#13;
property in literature, and we have agreed to co-&#13;
operate in trying to establish an equitable inter-&#13;
national scheme of copyright, and I hope we&#13;
journalists shall also co-operate in exposing those&#13;
publishers—for a few still remain—who, whether&#13;
they be artists or not, know something about being&#13;
artful dodgers. (Laughter.)&#13;
Let me say that our Institute has made consider-&#13;
able progress. A few years ago we had only a&#13;
handful of members; to-day we have between two&#13;
and three thousand; and I can fairly say that our&#13;
membership represents nearly all that is best and&#13;
certainly all that is thoroughly representative in&#13;
Journalism. A friend has hinted here that the times&#13;
have changed. In the days of Queen Anne Acts were&#13;
introduced to restrain and repress and tax news-&#13;
papers. The press of the country was even then&#13;
becoming too powerful for the powers that were.&#13;
But a great change has taken place since that time.&#13;
Within the last few months another monarch,&#13;
good Queen Victoria, has given the journalists of the&#13;
Empire a royal charter, which enables them to define&#13;
their position, to secure privileges, and to establish&#13;
a scheme of administration and education; and we&#13;
shall work on as we have worked with this Society&#13;
of Authors, and other kindred institutions, so that&#13;
we may establish that which will be in truth a real&#13;
and healthy brotherhood of the pencil and the pen.&#13;
(Cheers.)&#13;
Herr Brand: Ladies and gentlemen, I beg to&#13;
thank you for inviting me to this charming assembly&#13;
to-night. I shall not fail to report it in the proper&#13;
quarters, hoping that if any of you were ever to come&#13;
&#13;
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## p. 98 (#126) #############################################&#13;
&#13;
98&#13;
THE AUTHOR.&#13;
to our assemblies, you would be made to feel welcome&#13;
in the veryheartiest manner as we have been made to&#13;
feel welcome amongst you here to-night. I am afraid&#13;
we could not offer you such a splendid banquet, but&#13;
we would try to make up for that in the extension&#13;
of our festivities. Our annual assembly actually&#13;
extends over three whole days and part of the night&#13;
as well. (Laughter.) It is chiefly devoted to the&#13;
transaction of the business of the Society, but still&#13;
there remains some time left, as there was last&#13;
summer in Frankfort-on-the-Maine, for a festival&#13;
performance at the Opera one night; for an&#13;
excursion to the Rhine; for an excursion to&#13;
Wiesbaden, and for a few other entertainments.&#13;
With those exceptions the time was strictly devoted&#13;
to business. This summer, next month, the gather-&#13;
ing will take place at Breslau, and if any of those&#13;
present here to-night should be there, we shall offer&#13;
them a hearty welcome. (Cheers.)&#13;
Mr. George Haven Putnam: If I remember my&#13;
Scriptures, directly Daniel was able to get safely out&#13;
of the Den of Lions he made a speech; but I do&#13;
not think he was asked to make a speech before he&#13;
got out. (Laughter.) I am conscious of being a&#13;
publisher; however, I am not come here to speak&#13;
these words to-night in the rdle of a publisher; but&#13;
only because my business happens to be associated&#13;
with international copyright. On behalf of the&#13;
associated trades of authors and publishers of the&#13;
United States, who have been doing very hard work&#13;
under circumstances of some little discouragement&#13;
and difficulty, I have to express to this Society&#13;
that it is their fixed intention to carry on that work&#13;
with the hope that in the future international&#13;
copyright will be put in a proper position of&#13;
solidarity, and that the relations of authors and&#13;
publishers will be put on a proper footing. I need&#13;
only say with regard to the work already done, and&#13;
in connection with the discouraging vote in the&#13;
House of Representatives a few weeks back, a great&#13;
deal has been done in the United States. As you&#13;
Englishmen know, we have used English books&#13;
very largely during the last century, and not paid&#13;
for them. A great many of the States have instructed&#13;
their representatives to vote in behalf of authors,&#13;
both English and American, and the middle States,&#13;
and the greater portion of the States of the North&#13;
West, voted solidly in support of that Bill. So that&#13;
we have won over communities, and the work of&#13;
winning over communities will still go on, and will&#13;
not be so long a task as people here dreaded. I&#13;
look forward to the day when all these difficulties&#13;
between authors and publishers will be settled on&#13;
a mutually remunerative basis. Publishers will&#13;
soon I expect have an association of their own, and&#13;
we shall hear of the grievances of publishers against&#13;
authors, and we shall then have our own organs on&#13;
the other side. But these are practically, as between&#13;
honest publishers and honest authors, matters of&#13;
detail. I look forward to the day when authors all&#13;
over the world will be receiving the highest&#13;
remuneration. Then authors will become princes&#13;
of finance, as well as princes of literature.&#13;
Mr. Oscar Wilde: Ladies and gentlemen, I&#13;
confess that I am of opinion that in the case of&#13;
authors while speech is silver, writing is gold, and&#13;
that on the whole those of us, who claim at all the&#13;
distinction of being men of letters, should not&#13;
get up after dinner and make serious speeches,&#13;
except for the purpose, so necessary in a great re-&#13;
ligious country like England, of conveying in a&#13;
certain popular manner the sense of the tediousness&#13;
of eternity. But on the other hand when I was&#13;
invited by the Committee of this Society to pro-&#13;
pose the health of our Chairman this evening, I&#13;
felt that no incorporated author could attempt to&#13;
draw back. This is, ladies and gentlemen, our&#13;
third banquet. We had first Mr. Bryce, and I&#13;
think it was a privilege to us to have as guest&#13;
on that occasion a man so loved and so honoured&#13;
amongst the people of the largest English-speaking&#13;
country in the world, as Mr. J. Russell Lowell.&#13;
Lord Pembroke, an author and a man of&#13;
culture, and one whose name being so intimately&#13;
connected with English literature, going back in-&#13;
deed to Elizabethan days, conferred distinction&#13;
upon our Society. And to-night we have to wel-&#13;
come as our Chairman Professor Richard Claver-&#13;
house Jebb, who is known, not merely in England,&#13;
but certainly in Germany, France and Holland, and&#13;
everywhere where Greek and Latin literature is&#13;
read, as a scholar and a man of letters. (Cheers.)&#13;
I must confess, sir, if you will allow me to address&#13;
you personally, that I think that you, in confining&#13;
yourself to the wide sphere of University life, have&#13;
chosen the better part. The man of letters, on&#13;
the whole, should live in a University and with&#13;
University surroundings. We have constantly be-&#13;
fore us the irresistible temptations of modern life,&#13;
and now and then a dreadful rumour appears in&#13;
the papers that many of our most popular writers&#13;
are tempted to abandon literature for other things.&#13;
I remember the pang that shot through many of&#13;
us when we read in the Times one morning that&#13;
Mr. Walter Besant was going to become a member&#13;
of the County Council. Subsequently there ap-&#13;
peared a statement that Mr. Rider Haggard, de-&#13;
siring to find a fuller scope for the mendacity of&#13;
Allan Quatermain, intended to seek distraction on&#13;
a political platform, and that charming and graceful&#13;
writer, the author of "Obiter Dicta," has lately&#13;
joined the minority in the House of Commons.&#13;
Yes, sir, you have chosen the better part. A&#13;
scholar—a man of letters—should not live in&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 99 (#127) #############################################&#13;
&#13;
THE AUTHOR.&#13;
99&#13;
the turmoil of modern life. With us Ariel&#13;
comes too rarely and Caliban criticizes our books.&#13;
You have written, sir, upon Homer. Alas! in our&#13;
life there is nothing that is Homeric except the&#13;
uncouth Thersites. Sir, we look upon you as one&#13;
who has realized the ideal and as one who has&#13;
devoted himself to literature. When I was at&#13;
Oxford I was always consoled for the extraordinary&#13;
and, as it seemed to me at the time, the deliberate&#13;
dullness of my tutor, by the fact that one could&#13;
loiter in the grey cloisters at morning listening to&#13;
the voices singing, and lie in the garden on the&#13;
grass and see the sunlight reflected on the towers&#13;
and gilded panes, or wander up the staircase of&#13;
Christ Church beneath its vaulted ceilings, and&#13;
stroll across the College of St. John's and see the&#13;
house that Laud built for his pleasure. You, sir,&#13;
have surroundings no less lovely and beautiful;&#13;
and those are the surroundings that a man of&#13;
letters should have. Nor is it a question of sur-&#13;
roundings merely. The great eras in English&#13;
literature have been those when the Universities&#13;
have been in immediate touch with the literature&#13;
of the times; one imperishable thing we have in&#13;
our literature—the work of Milton, which shows&#13;
what I mean.&#13;
I remember, sir, having the pleasure some years&#13;
ago of reading a book of yours upon the Attic&#13;
orators, a book, I need hardly say, distinguished&#13;
by the highest scholarship j and in those days&#13;
it seemed that the literary man was also able&#13;
to make a speech. I am inclined to think that&#13;
now that is the one thing we should never do.&#13;
But as I have touched upon the definite work&#13;
that you have done, not merely for your own&#13;
University, but for all of us, allow me to remind&#13;
the company present of other things you have done&#13;
also. That great scholar, Richard Bentley, seems&#13;
to me to have left the mantle of his critical insight&#13;
to that scholar who now holds the position of Regius&#13;
Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge,&#13;
and who has written a monograph on his great&#13;
predecessor that is a little masterpiece of style and&#13;
method. It is said sometimes of those scholars who&#13;
deal critically with minute work that they deal merely&#13;
with words. Sometimes I think that words are&#13;
the only reality, and I wish that the English critics&#13;
whom we have now working amongst us would&#13;
expend upon the linguistic criticism of the English&#13;
language one-twentieth part of the care and trouble&#13;
that a scholar of Oxford or Cambridge gives to the&#13;
language of the Greek or the Roman. What is the&#13;
mission of criticism but to preserve language pure&#13;
and uncorrupted, to test every new intruder, to keep&#13;
the old words from getting old-fashioned, and to&#13;
always keep before the eyes of the writer that language&#13;
is precious material. Our ordinary books have passed&#13;
into uncouth realism or into what is not literature at&#13;
all, and when one remembers what the Universities&#13;
do for us in keeping alive the Greek and Latin lan-&#13;
guages and Greek and Latin modes of thought, and&#13;
then takes up some ordinary and possibly evening&#13;
newspaper, one is tempted to think that the only&#13;
dead language is the English language. (Laughter.)&#13;
And finally, sir, you will allow me to remind the&#13;
audience of authors who are present here to-night&#13;
that your work is not merely confined to perfect&#13;
scholarship, to the delicate traditions of the most&#13;
perfect literature of the world, but that by your quick&#13;
insight into modern culture you have been the link&#13;
between the life of our own time and the life of&#13;
the Greek; and that you yourself have also con-&#13;
tributed to modern literature a work that no one&#13;
would ever dream of parting with—that beautiful&#13;
translation of Sophocles that enables us to hear&#13;
the imaginative voice of music that once stirred&#13;
the people of Athens. There is an Italian proverb&#13;
"tradittori traduttori." I think the translation of&#13;
the work of the creator of CEdipus Tyrannos shows,&#13;
so far as we are concerned, that our withers are&#13;
unwrung. There have been beautiful translations&#13;
in verse of Greek and Latin things and one, a gentle&#13;
and most courteous man of letters, Lord Carnarvon,&#13;
whose death we all deplore, did recently into verse&#13;
a translation of the "Odyssey," but your transla-&#13;
tion, sir, is a classic. And so, sir, let me felicitate&#13;
you in that you have chosen the better part: let&#13;
me felicitate the University that has had so dis-&#13;
tinguished a son: let me felicitate the Society of&#13;
Authors in that we have as our Chairman one who&#13;
is not only a perfect scholar but also a brilliant man&#13;
of letters.&#13;
Ladies and gentlemen, I ask you to drink to the&#13;
Chairman of the evening. (Loud cheers.)&#13;
The Chairman: Let me ask permission to&#13;
thank you most sincerely for the kind words&#13;
you have spoken, words which I felt to be most&#13;
deeply sympathetic, and to thank this distinguished&#13;
company for the very kind manner in which those&#13;
words have been received.&#13;
Allow me simply to say from my heart that it&#13;
has been felt by me as the greatest possible honour&#13;
and pleasure to be here this evening. I thank&#13;
you.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 100 (#128) ############################################&#13;
&#13;
IOO&#13;
AD VER TISEMENTS.&#13;
"THE LITERARY HAflDJKAID OF THE&#13;
CHURCH-"&#13;
HENRY GLAISHER, 95, STRAND. Price ONE SHILLING.&#13;
NOW READY.&#13;
This pamphlet is a reply to the invitation issued by the Publication Committee of the Society for&#13;
the Promotion of Christian Knowledge in their Report of last year, for any suggestions, which they "will&#13;
gladly receive," on the best way of making "the Venerable Society the most efficient literary handmaid&#13;
of the Church of England throughout the world."&#13;
The suggestions offered in these pages contain, first, some of the elementary principles which guide&#13;
honourable men in the administration of literary property. The writer next advances three cases, as&#13;
illustrating the methods adopted by the Society. A copy of this pamphlet will be sent to any member of&#13;
the Society by application to the Office, including two postage stamps.&#13;
THE METHODS OF PUBLICATION.&#13;
BY S. S. SPRIGGE, B.A.&#13;
READY IN OCTOBER.&#13;
This book, compiled mainly from documents in the office of the Society of Authors, is intended to&#13;
show a complete conspectus of all the various methods of publication with the meaning of each; that is to&#13;
say, the exact concessions to publishers and the reservation of the owner and author of the work. The&#13;
different frauds which arise out of these methods form a necessary part of the book. Nothing is advanced&#13;
which has not been proved by the experience of the Society.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 101 (#129) ############################################&#13;
&#13;
ADVER TISEMENTS.&#13;
101&#13;
NEW BOOKS.&#13;
A New Translation. By W. F. Smith, M.A., Fellow&#13;
\ and Lecturer of Saint John's College, Cambridge.&#13;
\ Issued to Subscribers in a limited Edition of 750&#13;
\ copies, all numbered, of which 500 copies are for&#13;
\ this country and 250 for America. In two hand-&#13;
\ some 8vo vols. Price 25*. the set. The aim of&#13;
\ the above translation has been to render more&#13;
\ accessible, to explain and illustrate a book which&#13;
\ has exercised a wide influence on the French&#13;
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RAREI AIQ I t0 ^e historical aspect of the book, and&#13;
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/ a whole, and as certain passages and parts&#13;
/ can no longer be presented in English, these&#13;
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/ they can be read by such as desire it. The work&#13;
/ will be accompanied by a life of Rabelais, a notice&#13;
/ of the translators, Urquhart, and Motteux, a map of&#13;
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/ Rabelais was brought up, notes on the language and&#13;
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A BOOK NECESSARY TO EVERY AUTHOR.&#13;
SLANG AND ITS ANALOGUES — Past and&#13;
Present. By John S. Farmer, Author of "Americanisms—Old&#13;
and New/' sc. A new and absolutely unique Slang Dictionary.&#13;
In three volumes, foolscap 4to,printed antique style, on thick paper,&#13;
large margin, to the number of 500 copies for England and 250 for&#13;
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only as follows: The Set (3 vols.) £$ $s. net. In half-calf, parch-&#13;
ment sides. The price will be raised on completion as in the case'of&#13;
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of the Heterodox Speech of all Classes of Society for more than&#13;
300 years, the whole presenting a Curious Picture of Social Life&#13;
and Manners of the English People.&#13;
Notes and Queries says—'* For the first time in a dictionary the subject&#13;
of V. ntflish slang is seriously treated. Recent works have been catchpennies,&#13;
and Mr, Farmer is the first to treat the subject of slang In a manner com.&#13;
mensuratc with its importance. . . . Very full is Mr. Farmer's list, the&#13;
first volume extending to over four hundred double columned pages. . . .&#13;
His book commends itself warmly to our readers, and its progress cannot be&#13;
otherwise than interesting. As it is issued in a limited edition it can scarcely&#13;
fail of becoming a prized possession."&#13;
Prospectus and all information to be hadfrom the Publisher.&#13;
AMERICANISMS: OLD AND NEW. By John&#13;
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A book for the library, desk, or general reading; for journalists.&#13;
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a dictionary of words, phrases, and colloquialisms peculiar to the United&#13;
States, British America, the West Indies, Sic, Sic, together with their&#13;
derivation, meaning, and application.&#13;
"Certainly the best and complctest dictionary of Americanisms at&#13;
present existing."—Athenaum,&#13;
THREE NEW BOOKS ON THE&#13;
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proves how thoroughly the author has felt the fascination of his subject."—&#13;
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Third Edition y now ready.&#13;
THE BIBLE AND MODERN DISCOVERIES.&#13;
By Henky A. Harper. With an Introduction by Walter Besant.&#13;
Coloured Map and numerous Illustrations, demy 8vo, i6r.&#13;
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the reader so to revise his impressions of Scripture typography as In many&#13;
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"Supplies a long-felt want by connecting in a popular and vivid manner&#13;
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With Maps, Plans, and over 60 Illustrations, crown 8vo, 35. 6d.&#13;
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&#13;
&#13;
## p. 102 (#130) ############################################&#13;
&#13;
102&#13;
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STOCKS, SHARES, and ANNUITIES purchased and sold.&#13;
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For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receives small sums on deposit, and allows interest, at the rate of THREE&#13;
per CENT, per Annum, on each completed £1. The Interest is added to the principal on the 31st March annually.&#13;
FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager.&#13;
HOW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH, OR&#13;
A PLOT OF LAND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH, with immediate&#13;
possession. Apply at Office of the Birkbeck Freehold Land Society.&#13;
THE BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars post free on application.&#13;
FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 102 (#131) ############################################&#13;
&#13;
A D VER TISEMENTS.&#13;
iii.&#13;
THE BAR-LOCK TYPE-WRITER saves the eyesight&#13;
THE BAR-LOCK TYPE-WRITER prevents writer's cramp.&#13;
THE BAR-LOCK TYPE-WRITER prevents ronnd shoulders.&#13;
THE BAR-LOCK TYPE-WRITER enables yon to keep pace&#13;
with yonr thoughts, the operation requires less mental&#13;
effort than the use of a pen, allowing you to concentrate&#13;
your mind more fully on the matter you are writing on.&#13;
The writing of the BAR-LOCK TYPE-WRITER is equal to a printed proof, and can be used as&#13;
such for corrections, thus saving large printer's charges which are sufficient in many books to defray the&#13;
cost of a Bar-Lock.&#13;
Supplied for Cash, or on our Hire Purchase System.&#13;
CORRESPONDENCE AND INSPECTION INVITED.&#13;
W. J. RICHARDSON &amp; Co, 12 &amp; 14, Queen Victoria St., E.C.&#13;
40, North John Street, Liverpool; 22, Renfleld Street, Glasgow; Guardian Building,&#13;
Manchester; Exchange Building, Cardiff; 385, Little Collins Street, Melbourne.&#13;
PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY.&#13;
1. The Annual Report. That for January, 1890, can be had on application to the Secretary.&#13;
2. The Author. A Monthly Journal devoted especially to the protection and maintenance ot&#13;
Literary Property. Issued to all members.&#13;
3. The Grievances of Authors. (Field &amp; Tuer.) 2*. The Report of three Meetings on the&#13;
general subject of Literature and its defence, held at Willis's Rooms, March, 1887.&#13;
4. Literature and the Pension List. By W. Morris Colles, Barrister-at-Law. (Henry&#13;
Glaisher, 95, Strand, W.C.) 4s. 6d.&#13;
5. The History of the Socie"te" des Gens de Lettres. By S. Squire Sprigge, Secretary to the&#13;
Society, is.&#13;
6. The Cost of Production. In this work specimens are given of the most important forms of&#13;
type, size of page, &amp;c, with estimates showing what it costs to produce the more common kinds&#13;
of books. The work is printed for members of the Society only. 2s. 6d. (A new Edition&#13;
preparing.)&#13;
7. The Various Methods of Publication. By S. Squire Sprigge. In this work, compiled&#13;
from the papers in the Society's offices, the various kinds of agreements proposed by Publishers&#13;
to Authors are examined, and their meaning carefully explained, with an account of the various&#13;
kinds of fraud which have been made possible by the different clauses in their agreements. The&#13;
book is nearly ready, and will be issued as soon as possible.&#13;
&#13;
Other works bearing on the Literary Profession will follow.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
## p. 102 (#132) ############################################&#13;
&#13;
REMINGTON&#13;
STANDARD TYPEWRITER.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
From&#13;
&#13;
No more writer's cramp.&#13;
No more round shoulders.&#13;
ra&#13;
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS,&#13;
New York, Publishers.&#13;
"The value of having MSS.&#13;
copied by the Typewriter is so&#13;
evident that it is hardly necessary&#13;
to advise authors to use the&#13;
Typewriter for preparing copy for&#13;
the printer."&#13;
No more late hours.&#13;
No more delayed correspondence&#13;
No more illegible letters.&#13;
SAVES COST OF PRINTER'S PROOF.&#13;
Apply for Price List and particulars to Sole London Office-&#13;
WYCKOFF, SEAMANS &amp; BENEDICT,&#13;
100, GRACECHURCH STREET, E.C.&#13;
Branch Offices,&#13;
MANCHESTER : 8, MOULT STREET.&#13;
LIVERPOOL: CENTRAL BUILDINGS, NORTH JOHN STREET.&#13;
BIRMINGHAM : 88, COLMORE ROW.&#13;
Printed for the Society, by HARRISON &amp; SONS, 45, 46, and 47, St. Martin's Lane, in the Parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, in the City&#13;
of Westminster.</text>
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