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271	https://historysoa.com/items/show/271	The Author, Vol. 05 Issue 07 (December 1894)	<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%3Cem%3EThe+Author%3C%2Fem%3E%2C+Vol.+05+Issue+07+%28December+1894%29"><em>The Author</em>, Vol. 05 Issue 07 (December 1894)</a>			<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013732253" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013732253</a>								<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Publication">Publication</a>	1894-12-01-The-Author-5-7					169–200																		<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=89&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=5">5</a>											<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=76&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1894-12-01">1894-12-01</a>							7			18941201	C be El u t b or,<br /> (The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.)<br /> CON DUCTED BY WALTER BES.A.N.T.<br /> VoI. W.-No. 7.]<br /> DECEMBER 1, 1894.<br /> [PRICE SIXPENCE.<br /> For the Opinions eaſpressed in papers that are<br /> signed or initialled the Authors alone are<br /> responsible. None of the papers or para-<br /> graphs must be taken as earpressing the<br /> collective opinions of the committee unless<br /> they are officially signed by G. Herbert<br /> Thring, Sec.<br /> HE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all<br /> remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and<br /> requests that all members not receiving an answer to<br /> important communications within two days will write to him<br /> without delay. All remittances showld be crossed Union<br /> Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered<br /> letter only.<br /> Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on<br /> all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub-<br /> jects whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are<br /> returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS.<br /> *-* —”<br /> ,-- - -,<br /> WARNINGS AND ADVICE.<br /> I. RAWING THE AGREEMENT. It is not generally<br /> understood that the author, as the vendor, has the<br /> absolute right of drafting the agreement upon<br /> whatever terms the transaction is to be carried out.<br /> Authors are strongly advised to exercise that right. In<br /> every form of business, this among others, the right of<br /> drawing the agreement rests with him who sells, leases, or<br /> has the control of the property.<br /> 2. SERIAL RIGHTS.–In selling Serial Rights remember<br /> that you may be selling the Serial Right for all time; that<br /> is, the Right to continue the production in papers. If you<br /> object to this, insert a clause to that effect.<br /> 3. STAMP YOUR AGREEMENTs. – Readers are most<br /> URGENTLY warned not to neglect stamping their agreements<br /> immediately after signature. If this precaution is neglected<br /> for two weeks, a fine of £Io must be paid before the agree-<br /> ment can be used as a legal document. In almost every<br /> case brought to the secretary the agreement, or the letter<br /> which serves for one, is forwarded without the stamp. The<br /> author may be assured that the other party to the agree-<br /> ment seldom neglects this simple precaution. The Society,<br /> to save trouble, undertakes to get all the agreements of<br /> members stamped for them at no ea pense to themselves<br /> eaccept the cost of the stamp.<br /> 4. AsCERTAIN WHAT A PROPOSED AGREEMENT GIVES TO<br /> BOTH SIDES BEFORE SIGNING IT.-Remember that an<br /> &quot;VOL. W.<br /> arrangement as to a joint venture in any other kind of busi-<br /> ness whatever would be instantly refused should either party<br /> refuse to show the books or to let it be known what share he<br /> reserved for himself.<br /> 5. LITERARY AGENTS.–Be very careful. You cannot be<br /> too careful as to the person whom yow appoint as your<br /> agent. Remember that you place your property almost un-<br /> reservedly in his hands. Your only safety is in consulting<br /> the Society, or some friend who has had personal experience<br /> of the agent. Do not trust advertisements alone.<br /> 6. CosT OF PRODUCTION.——Never sign any agreement of<br /> which the alleged cost of production forms an integral part,<br /> until you have proved the figures.<br /> 7. CHOICE OF PUBLISHERS.—Never enter into any cor-<br /> respondence with publishers, especially with those who ad-<br /> vertise for MSS., who are not recommended by experienced<br /> friends or by this Society.<br /> 8. FUTURE WORK.—Never, on any account whatever,<br /> bind yourself down for future work to anyone.<br /> 9. PERSONAL RISK.—Never accept any pecuniary risk or<br /> responsibility whatever without advice.<br /> Io. REJECTED MSS.—Never, when a MS. has been re-<br /> fused by respectable houses, pay others, whatever promises<br /> they may put forward, for the production of the work.<br /> II. AMERICAN RIGHTS.—Never sign away American<br /> rights. Keep them by special clause. Refuse to sign any<br /> agreement containing a clause which reserves them for the<br /> publisher, unless for a substantial consideration.<br /> 12. CESSION OF COPYRIGHT.-Never sign any paper,<br /> either agreement or receipt, which gives away copyright,<br /> without advice.<br /> 13. ADVERTISEMENTs. – Keep some control over the<br /> advertisements, if they affect your returns, by a clause in<br /> the agreement.<br /> 14, NEVER forget that publishing is a business, like any<br /> other business, totally unconnected with philanthropy,<br /> charity, or pure love of literature. You have to do with<br /> business men. Be yourself a business man.<br /> Society&#039;s Offices :-<br /> 4, PORTUGAL STREET, LINCOLN&#039;s INN FIELDs.<br /> *-- - -*<br /> r- - --w<br /> HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY,<br /> I , VERY member has a right to ask for and to receive<br /> advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub-<br /> lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his<br /> business or the administration of his property. If the advice<br /> sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member<br /> Q 2<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 170 (#184) ############################################<br /> <br /> 170<br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> has a right to an opinion from the Society&#039;s solicitors. If the<br /> case is such that Counsel&#039;s opinion is desirable, the Com-<br /> mittee will obtain for him Counsel’s opinion. All this<br /> without any cost to the member.<br /> 2. Remember that questions connected with copyright<br /> and publisher&#039;s agreements do not generally fall within the<br /> experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple<br /> to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually<br /> engaged upon such questions for us.<br /> 3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past<br /> accounts with the loan of the books represented. This is in<br /> order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree-<br /> ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively<br /> so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any<br /> agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor-<br /> mation thus obtained may prove invaluable.<br /> 4. If the examination of your previous business trans-<br /> actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should<br /> take advice as to a change of publishers.<br /> 5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro-<br /> posed document to the Society for examination.<br /> 6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in<br /> the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks of every publish-<br /> ing firm in the country.<br /> 7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you<br /> are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are<br /> reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing<br /> the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen-<br /> dence of the writer. -<br /> 8. Send to the Editor of the Author notes of everything<br /> important to literature that you may hear or meet with.<br /> *- --&quot;<br /> r- ºr ~,<br /> THE AUTHORS’ SYNDICATE,<br /> EMBERS are informed :<br /> I. That the Authors&#039; Syndicate takes charge of<br /> the business of members of the Society. With, when<br /> necessary, the assistance of the legal advisers of the Syndi-<br /> cate, it concludes agreements, collects royalties, examines<br /> and passes accounts, and generally relieves members of the<br /> trouble of managing business details.<br /> 2. That the expenses of the Authors&#039; Syndicate are<br /> defrayed solely out of the commission charged on rights<br /> placed through its intervention. Notice is, however,<br /> hereby given that in all cases where there is no current<br /> account, a booking fee is charged to cover postage and<br /> porterage.<br /> 3. That the Authors&#039; Syndicate works for none but those<br /> members of the Society whose work possesses a market<br /> value.<br /> 4. That the Syndicate can only undertake any negotiation<br /> whatever on the distinct understanding that those negotia-<br /> tions are placed exclusively in its hands, and that all<br /> communications relating thereto are referred to it.<br /> 5. That clients can only be seen by the Director by<br /> appointment, and that, when possible, at least four days&#039;<br /> notice should be given.<br /> 6. That every attempt is made to deal with the corre -<br /> spondence promptly, but that owing to the enormous number<br /> of letters received, some delay is inevitable. That stamps<br /> should, in all cases, be sent to defray postage.<br /> 7. That the Authors&#039; Syndicate does not invite MSS.<br /> without previous correspondence, and does not hold itself<br /> responsible for MSS. forwarded without notice.<br /> 8. That the Syndicate undertakes arrangements for<br /> lectures by some of the leading members of the Society;<br /> that it has a “Transfer Department&quot; for the sale and<br /> purchase of journals and periodicals; and that a “Register<br /> of Wants and Wanted ” has been opened. Members anxious<br /> to obtain literary or artistic work are invited to com-<br /> municate with the Manager.<br /> There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services<br /> will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It<br /> is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the<br /> Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in<br /> the Syndicate.<br /> *- - -e<br /> a- - -º<br /> NOTICES.<br /> HE Editor of the Awthor begs to remind members of the<br /> Society that, although the paper is sent to them free<br /> of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very<br /> heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great<br /> many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest<br /> 6s. 6d. subscription for the year.<br /> The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and<br /> communications on all subjects connected with literature<br /> from members and others. Nothing can do more good to<br /> the Society than to make the Awthor complete, attractive,<br /> and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this<br /> work send their names and the special subjects on which<br /> they are willing to write P<br /> Communications for the Author should reach the Editor<br /> not later than the 21st of each month.<br /> All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether<br /> members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate<br /> to the Editor any points connected with their work which<br /> it would be advisable in the general interest to publish.<br /> Members and others who wish their MSS. read are<br /> requested not to send them to the Office without previously<br /> communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable<br /> despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in<br /> which they are received. It must also be distinctly under-<br /> stood that the Society does not, under any circumstances,<br /> undertake the publication of MSS.<br /> The Authors’ Club is now open in its new premises, at<br /> 3, Whitehall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary<br /> for information, rules of admission, &amp;c. - -<br /> Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they<br /> have paid their subscriptions for the year P If they will do<br /> this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker&#039;s<br /> order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the<br /> trouble of sending out a reminder.<br /> Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the<br /> warning numbered (8). It is a most foolish and may be a<br /> most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding<br /> for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they<br /> would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five<br /> years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest<br /> or dishonest? Of course they would not. Why then<br /> hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign them-<br /> selves into literary bondage for three or five years P<br /> Those who possess the “Cost of Production ” are<br /> requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15<br /> per cent. This means, for those who do not like the trouble<br /> of “doing sums,” the addition of three shillings in the<br /> pound on this head. In other words, if the cost of binding<br /> is set down in our book at eight pounds, to this must now be<br /> added twenty-four shillings more, so that it now stands at<br /> £948. The figures in our book are as near the exact truth<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 171 (#185) ############################################<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> 171<br /> as can be procured; but a printer&#039;s, or a binder&#039;s, bill is so<br /> elastic a thing that nothing more exact can be arrived at. .<br /> Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged<br /> in the “Cost of Production” for advertising. Of course, we<br /> have not included any sums which may be charged for<br /> inserting advertisements in the publisher’s own magazines,<br /> or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too<br /> often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from<br /> sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket,<br /> by inserting any number of advertisements in his own<br /> magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are<br /> who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those<br /> who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it.<br /> *-i- * ~ *<br /> g- &gt; -s;<br /> LITERARY PROPERTY.<br /> I.—CANADIAN CoPYRIGHT.<br /> N Thursday, Oct. 18, a meeting of the sub-<br /> committee on Canadian copyright was<br /> held at 4.15 p.m. at the offices of the<br /> Incorporated Society of Authors, 4, Portugal-<br /> street, W.C. Mr. F. R. Daldy took the chair,<br /> and the other members were all present. The<br /> secretary read over the minutes of the former<br /> meeting, and they were signed by the chairman.<br /> Mr. Daldy then proceeded to give a statement of<br /> what took place during his visit to America and<br /> Canada. He informed the committee that un-<br /> fortunately he had arrived too late for the Ontario<br /> Conference, but that he had taken the opinions<br /> of a good many people in Canada, and, with the<br /> exception of a small ring of printers, he found<br /> that the people were ignorant of the steps that<br /> were being taken with regard to Canadian copy-<br /> right. In America, the opinion was very strongly<br /> opposed to the change in the law, and Mr. Daldy<br /> stated that he was informed on good authority<br /> that any such change as was suggested by the<br /> Canadians would be likely to prejudice American<br /> copyright in the British Dominions. Mr. Thring,<br /> the Secretary of the Society of Authors, confirmed<br /> this statement through a letter he had received<br /> privately from America. Mr. Daldy then stated<br /> that he had made a few observations on Sir John<br /> Thompson&#039;s report at the end of each paragraph,<br /> and he handed the members of the committee a<br /> copy of these observations, and requested that<br /> they would look carefully into the matter and<br /> make their own additions, so that at the next<br /> meeting the whole question could be finally gone<br /> into and settled. The meeting was then<br /> adjourned until the following Thursday to<br /> enable the sub-committee to study the report<br /> and formulate their reply.<br /> At two subsequent meetings of the sub-com-<br /> mittee an exhaustive answer to the report, taken<br /> paragraph by paragraph, was prepared, and also<br /> a covering letter, both of which documents were<br /> to be approved by the general committee and for-<br /> warded to the Government Department com-<br /> mittee.<br /> At a full meeting of the general committee,<br /> held at Mr. Murray&#039;s house in Albemarle-street,<br /> on Oct. 30, when Mr. Murray was voted into the<br /> chair, the report and covering letter were dis-<br /> cussed and finally approved, and it was resolved<br /> that they should at once be forwarded to the<br /> Colonial Office.<br /> It is hoped that at a later date the Marquis<br /> of Ripon will receive a deputation representing<br /> all the copyright interests.<br /> The committee of the Society will be careful<br /> that authors’ interests are adequately cared for<br /> on this deputation.<br /> II.-DEPUTATION ON CANADIAN CoPYRIGHT.<br /> Lord Ripon received at the Colonial Office, on<br /> Monday, Nov. 26, an influential deputation from<br /> the London Chamber of Commerce, and its four<br /> publishing trade sections, the Society of Authors,<br /> the Copyright Association, and the Printsellers&#039;<br /> Association, which were represented by the<br /> following gentlemen: Mr. H. O. Arnold-Forster,<br /> M.P., Mr. E. M. Underdown, Q.C., Mr. Walter<br /> Besant, Mr. W. H. Lecky, Mr. G. Herbert Thring,<br /> Mr. F. R. Daldy, Mr. John Murray, Mr. T.<br /> Norton Longman, Mr. E. Marston, Mr. Edwin<br /> Ashdown, Mr. H. R. Clayton (Novello, Ewer,<br /> and Co.), Mr. Arthur Lucas, and Mr. A. Tooth.<br /> Sir ALBERT K. Ro1.1.1T, M.P., president of the<br /> London Chamber of Commerce, in introducing<br /> the deputation, expressed their thanks to Lord<br /> Ripon for the opportunity which had been<br /> afforded them of considering the despatch from<br /> Sir John Thompson, the Canadian Premier,<br /> demanding Imperial legislation which would<br /> explicitly confer upon the Parliament of Canada<br /> the power to legislate on all matters relating to<br /> copyright and to repeal the Imperial statutes in<br /> force on the subject. There was no feeling of<br /> hostility towards the Canadians on the part of<br /> the deputation; but while Canada had the right<br /> to legislate on those points which concerned her<br /> own printers and publishers, it was strongly felt<br /> that the proposed legislation was of a much wider<br /> character, and violated established principles upon<br /> which the whole copyright law of the empire had<br /> hitherto been determined. Prior to the Berne<br /> Convention the colonies were consulted, and each<br /> gave its consent to joining it. They therefore<br /> felt that this was an Imperial matter, and could<br /> not be satisfactorily dealt with on the lines<br /> suggested by Canada. They wished to protect<br /> literary property, in which the rights of authors<br /> and publishers, though not, perhaps, so tangible<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 172 (#186) ############################################<br /> <br /> I 72<br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> as in the case of trade marks, were nevertheless<br /> quite as real, and the violation of which would<br /> involve injustice to them. Besides these con-<br /> siderations, the feeling with regard to the<br /> Canadian Act of 1889, which Sir John Thompson<br /> desired her Majesty’s Government to assent to,<br /> was that if it were passed it might create a<br /> precedent the effect of which would be almost<br /> unlimited.<br /> Mr. E. M. UNDERDown, Q.C., said the<br /> Canadians appeared to take the view that<br /> Imperial copyright infringed the rights of<br /> certain publishers in their country. There was<br /> no question as to copyright being property, and<br /> a most valuable one, and it seemed impossible to<br /> realise at this time of day that any nation should<br /> desire to disregard the rights of that property.<br /> It was to be regretted that the United States<br /> should have attached a manufacturing profit as<br /> a condition of copyright, an example which was<br /> sought to be followed by one of our own colonies.<br /> He was afraid they must characterise Sir John<br /> Thompson&#039;s demands as a pure attempt to<br /> further a particular trade—the Canadian re-<br /> printers—and he saw no reason which would<br /> justify her Majesty&#039;s Government in breaking<br /> away from a convention affecting the whole of<br /> the Empire. France, as a member of the Berne<br /> Convention, might also have cause of complaint<br /> because two millions of the Canadians were<br /> French and spoke that language. They should<br /> jealously guard the principle of copyright as<br /> property.<br /> Mr. WALTER BESANT pointed to the present<br /> condition of literary property in the English-<br /> speaking countries, and the effect which would be<br /> produced by such changes as were contemplated<br /> by the Canadians. They had at last succeeded,<br /> after fifty years of struggle, in obtaining from<br /> the United States an Act granting international<br /> copyright. By that Act they had obtained the<br /> protection of their works from piracy; they could<br /> bring them out in America, just as they did here;<br /> they could make arrangements and agreements<br /> with American publishers just as they did here<br /> with English publishers, and American authors<br /> had equal rights in this country. So what was<br /> ours became theirs by legal contract, and in the<br /> same way what was theirs became ours. We<br /> must remember that the new condition of things<br /> made the literature of the whole English-speaking<br /> world a common possession. It was an enormous<br /> possession. It was the possession of I2O million<br /> people, and as education spread and more readers<br /> came in every year—more by hundreds of<br /> thousands—it would become far more important<br /> for all concerned. Therefore it was above ail<br /> things necessary to watch over and guard with<br /> the utmost jealousy those newly-acquired rights.<br /> From the author&#039;s point of view the question was<br /> most serious, Where the foreign author had no<br /> rights he became a most deadly rival to the<br /> native author, because he could be produced for<br /> nothing. The American authors had only ceased<br /> to suffer from this cause during the three years<br /> since the Act was passed. They were already<br /> showing the increase of vitality and strength<br /> which was to be expected when they could com-<br /> pete with English authors on fair terms. Again,<br /> great as was the audience of our own Empire, the<br /> American audience was greater still. In a very<br /> short time, when the American publishers had<br /> settled down to the new conditions, a popular<br /> English author would find his best audience in<br /> the States. If, however, Canada had a separate<br /> Copyright Act of her own, what would happen?<br /> The separation of Canada from the States was by<br /> a long and imaginary frontier. It was impossible<br /> to keep Canadian books out of the States, or books<br /> printed in the States out of Canada. Then would<br /> begin again the old miserable game of cheap<br /> reprints vying with other cheap reprints. The<br /> American proclamation which gave English<br /> authors copyright would be torn to pieces. The<br /> piracies would go on again. Once more the<br /> Americans would publish our books for nothing.<br /> American authors who were now enjoying the<br /> new system which allowed them open competi-<br /> tion with each other and with British authors on<br /> fair terms would fall back upon the old state of<br /> things in which they used to compete against the<br /> book got for nothing. Worse still, all the old<br /> bitterness and recriminations would be revived.<br /> The question was, in short, should a country of<br /> five millions be allowed to wreak all this mischief<br /> and wrong upon a world of 122 millions in order<br /> to enrich two or three publishers by underselling<br /> the Americans?<br /> Mr. H. R. CLAYTON said that musical com-<br /> posers and publishers were specially affected by<br /> copyright questions. While the fact of there<br /> being 2,OOO,OOO French-speaking Canadians was<br /> important, the language of music was universal.<br /> The music publishers had availed themselves to<br /> a large extent of the Canadian Copyright Act of<br /> I875, which authorised the exclusion of American<br /> editions, but in spite of that they could not keep<br /> them out. He specially addressed himself to Sir<br /> John Thompson’s arguments in regard to the<br /> collection of authors’ royalties, and pointed out<br /> the great difficulty of collecting them. Sir John<br /> had suggested that English publishers preferred<br /> the American to the Canadian market; but the<br /> fact was that it was impossible to divide the two.<br /> Mr. F. R. DALDY said he had had an oppor-<br /> tunity while in America this year of consulting the<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 173 (#187) ############################################<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> I 73<br /> American Authors’ Association and the leading<br /> publishers, and he found that the feeling against<br /> the Canadian view was such that the American<br /> Minister in this country had been requested to<br /> ascertain officially what course Great Britain<br /> intended to adopt. It was declared that to<br /> accede to Canada’s request would more than<br /> jeopardise the President’s proclamation. What<br /> they said was, “We have given you a great boon;<br /> we gave it to you on the faith of the statements<br /> of the British Government that the copyright<br /> privileges which you gave us would run through-<br /> out the British dominions.” The difficulty of<br /> collecting the authors’ royalty under the proposed<br /> Act would be almost insuperable, especially in<br /> connection with stories passing through periodi-<br /> cals and newspapers, or even given away gratis.<br /> Mr. H. O. ARNOLD-TORSTER, M.P., concurred<br /> with previous speakers, and pointed out what<br /> would be the consequences if other parts of the<br /> Empire were allowed the privileges sought by<br /> Canada.<br /> The MARQUIs OF RIPON, in reply, said they<br /> would not expect him to give any opinion on the<br /> question at the present time. He was very glad<br /> to receive the deputation, because it was his duty<br /> to hear both sides. Sir John Thompson was now<br /> in England, and he proposed to have a full dis-<br /> cussion with him at the earliest opportunity; but<br /> he was anxious, before he entered into that dis-<br /> cussion, to hear the views of such important<br /> bodies as those which were represented by the<br /> deputation. Of course they would understand<br /> that the desires expressed by one of the great<br /> colonies were entitled to the most serious con-<br /> sideration of the Imperial Government, while, on<br /> the other hand, that the Government was bound<br /> not to overlook the interests of persons to whom<br /> the world was so much indebted as the repre-<br /> sentative authors and publishers who formed<br /> that deputation. He had no hesitation in pro-<br /> mising them that the views that had been<br /> expressed, and which might be expressed on the<br /> other side, would receive the serious consideration<br /> of her Majesty&#039;s Government.—Times, Nov. 27.<br /> III.-CAPE TOWN COPYRIGHT.<br /> T.<br /> Some change in the Cape copyright law, as it<br /> affects the sale of books, is an imperative neces-<br /> sity, and we trust that steps will be taken to<br /> make the desirable amendment without the loss<br /> of another session. Under the present law the<br /> sale of pirated editions of books is not prohibited,<br /> and, consequently, unscrupulous booksellers are<br /> able to do a lucrative business in this unholy<br /> traffic of men&#039;s brains, The existing law is a<br /> farce, and it would be interesting to ascertain<br /> what purpose the Legislature sought to serve by<br /> it. The Customs levy a special duty of 20 per<br /> cent. On foreign reprints of British copyrighted<br /> works, half of the proceeds to go to the owner of<br /> the copyright. We have never known of any<br /> account of this curious impost being rendered to<br /> the public, or of any list of remittances to authors<br /> being published. But supposing the system to<br /> be fully carried out, see what an inane system<br /> it is. A copyright work of Ruskin&#039;s is worth<br /> let us say, Ios. It is kept out of the colony<br /> by the substitution of a pirated edition at Is. 6d.<br /> We levy one shilling, and send sixpence out<br /> of it to Mr. Ruskin to compensate him for<br /> the loss of sale of a Ios. book on which the<br /> author&#039;s profit—Mr. Ruskin is generally his own<br /> publisher--would be no small part of the price.<br /> Nothing could be simpler than to prohibit alto-<br /> gether, as in the United Kingdom, the importa-<br /> tion of pirated books, photographs, or pictures.<br /> Nothing less will prevent what may be seen in<br /> Cape Town windows to-day — the unblushing<br /> vending of pirated matter. If nothing else will<br /> avail, let us invoke the great name of Imperial<br /> Federation in aid of reform. — Cape Argus,<br /> Wednesday, Oct. 17.<br /> II.<br /> Since our remarks appeared in Wednesday’s<br /> issue on the above matter, we have ascertained<br /> that the 20 per cent. ad valorem duty levied by the<br /> Customs on foreign reprints of British copyright<br /> books and music amounted in the years 1892 and<br /> 1893 (according to the Statistical Register) to the<br /> magnificent total of £17 and £27 respectively,<br /> and that not half but the whole thereof is gene-<br /> rously distributed among the owners of the<br /> copyright—in number some dozen or score of<br /> persons or firms. We also learn that this 20 per<br /> cent, duty is levied on the value of the pirated<br /> editions themselves, costing in America often no<br /> more than a few cents. per volume, so that<br /> instead of Ruskin receiving, as his share, 20 per<br /> cent. on the value, Ios., of one of his books, that<br /> is—2s., he would actually receive no more than<br /> 2O per cent. on the American cost of, say, 20<br /> cents. Of the pirated volume, or 5 cents.-a truly<br /> tuppenny ha&#039;penny kind of compensation. It is a<br /> marvel that such a state of things has been tole-<br /> rated so long. It may also well be questioned<br /> whether the Customs really secure the payment of<br /> the 20 per cent. duty on all copyright works that<br /> enter the Colony. In fact we do not see how<br /> they can, unless they search through every case<br /> imported from Europe and America, which in prac-<br /> tice is impossible; nor would importers stand it<br /> and at the same time they would be required to<br /> have the titles of everyone of the thousands of<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 174 (#188) ############################################<br /> <br /> I 74<br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> copyright works at their finger ends.-Cape<br /> Argus, Friday, Oct. 19.<br /> IV.-PHOTOGRAPHIC CoPYRIGHT.<br /> (Before Mr. Justice CoILINs, without a jury.)<br /> ELLIS v. OGDEN.<br /> Mr. Alfred Ellis, the plaintiff in this action, is<br /> a well-known photographer in Baker-street. The<br /> defendants, Messrs. Ogden, Smale, and Co., are<br /> the publishers of the Ludgate Monthly. The<br /> action was brought for an injunction to restrain<br /> the defendants from publishing certain photo-<br /> graphs, taken by the plaintiff, in their magazine,<br /> and for damages. There appeared for the plain-<br /> tiff Mr. Scrutton ; and for the defendants Mr.<br /> Ruegg.<br /> Mr. Scrutton, in opening the case, said that the<br /> persons the publication of whose photographs<br /> was complained of were Mr. Harry Nicholls and<br /> Mr. Charles Kenningham. Both of these gentle-<br /> men were well-known actors, and, at the request<br /> of the plaintiff, they (at different times) went to<br /> his studio to be photographed in character. There<br /> was no suggestion of payment. At the end of<br /> each sitting Mr. Ellis asked them to sit in plain<br /> clothes. This they did. They received copies of<br /> all the photographs taken, as a present, and each<br /> of them had subsequently bought copies of the<br /> plain clothes photographs, for which they had<br /> paid “reprint” prices. Mr. Nicholls had sent<br /> one of these to the Ludgate Monthly, and it had<br /> been published in a number containing an article<br /> upon him. Mr. Scrutton referred to section I of<br /> the Copyright (Works of Art) Act of 1862<br /> (25 &amp; 26 Vict. c. 68), and maintained that on<br /> those facts the copyright in these photographs<br /> was the property of the photographer.<br /> Mr. Ellis gave evidence in support of the above<br /> facts, but Mr. Nicholls and Mr. Kenningham<br /> were both called by Mr. Ruegg, and they stated<br /> that it was they who asked for the plain clothes<br /> sitting. They went with the intention of being<br /> photographed on their own account when the<br /> character photographs were finished. The plain<br /> clothes photographs sent them previous to those<br /> paid for they regarded merely as proofs.<br /> Mr. Ruegg argued that these photographs<br /> were not, as were the character photographs,<br /> taken by the photographer for himself, but they<br /> were “made or executed for or on behalf of<br /> another person, for good or valuable considera-<br /> tion ” within the words of the above-mentioned<br /> statute.<br /> The learned judge said that he had before him<br /> a pure question of fact. Looking at the evidence,<br /> he had no doubt that the account given by Mr.<br /> Nicholls and Mr. Kenningham was correct. It<br /> was really not material who first suggested the<br /> plain clothes sitting. These gentlemen went to<br /> the studio intending to take the opportunity of<br /> being photographed in plain clothes. They were<br /> so photographed, they received proofs, and they<br /> paid for copies. Nothing was said or done to<br /> give the copyright to the plaintiff, Judgment<br /> must be for the defendants, with costs.—Times,<br /> Nov. 16, 1894.<br /> W.—ELLIS v. OGDEN—OPINION OF Counse:L.<br /> I write on the assumption that the Author<br /> will contain a report of the case of Ellis v.<br /> Ogden, recently tried before Mr. Justice Henn<br /> Collins.<br /> In that case a theatrical celebrity, having gone<br /> to a photographer to be taken in costume, was<br /> also photographed in plain clothes, either at<br /> his request or at that of the photographer, was<br /> subsequently presented with copies of his portrait,<br /> and later on bought others; and the question at<br /> issue on the trial of the action was whether the<br /> copyright in the portrait so produced belonged<br /> to the photographer, or whether it became the<br /> property of the sitter, the photograph having<br /> been “made or executed” on his behalf “for<br /> good or valuable consideration.”<br /> In the case before him, and from the facts<br /> given in evidence, Mr. Justice Collins drew the<br /> conclusion that the photograph was so executed<br /> as to give the celebrity in question the copyright<br /> in it. No doubt the learned judge was right;<br /> he had, according to the Times, conflicting testi-<br /> mony before him, and he believed one side and<br /> not the other. What I venture to question is<br /> the justice of the dictum attributed to him in the<br /> Times report that “It was really not material<br /> who first suggested the plain clothes sitting.”<br /> I venture to submit to you, and to your<br /> readers, that it is absolutely material who<br /> makes the first proposal in such a case. To put<br /> it broadly, I say that one of two things happens.<br /> Either the celebrity says (in substance) to the<br /> photographer, “Take me and give me copies of<br /> my portrait, and you may sell other copies as<br /> your reward,” in which case the former employs<br /> the latter and acquires the copyright; or the<br /> photographer says to the celebrity, “Let me take<br /> you and sell copies of your portrait, and I will<br /> give you copies of it as your reward ;” in which<br /> latter instance I submit that the photographer<br /> employs the celebrity as a sitter; or purchases<br /> permission to photograph him, and so should<br /> acquire the copyright in the production. If I am<br /> wrong, does not the following anomaly result P. A<br /> photographer takes a “snap shot ” at a celebrity<br /> without “by your leave or with your leave,” and<br /> thereby gets a picture of which he will own the<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 175 (#189) ############################################<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> I 75<br /> copyright. Another photographer who takes the<br /> same celebrity, but courteously asks permission<br /> first, and in acknowledgment of it presents some<br /> copies to the sitter, loses thereby the copyright<br /> in the picture he takes; that is, he loses it, if the<br /> inference of fact in his case follows the lines of<br /> Ellis v. Ogden, and that will be the case if the<br /> question “Who first suggested the sitting P” is<br /> disregarded.<br /> In any case photographers will do well to get<br /> agreements drawn and submit them for signature<br /> to celebrities who visit their studios before they<br /> proceed to take their pictures. E. A. A.<br /> VI.--THE Cost of PRODUCTION.<br /> A paper appeared on Nov. 3rd in a penny<br /> weekly on the production of novels. It took the<br /> form of an interview with a publisher, and it<br /> presented all the appearance of a genuine inter-<br /> view with an honourable man ; that is to say,<br /> not one who falsifies his accounts or charges for<br /> advertisements for which he has not paid. In<br /> the course of this interview the question of cost<br /> arose. The following is the publisher&#039;s estimate:—<br /> The book contains 482 pp., crown 8vo., pica<br /> type. The cost for composition, printing, and<br /> paper would be £68 IOS., author&#039;s corrections<br /> extra; binding, 319 15s. per IOOO copies; blocks<br /> for binding, 383 Ios.<br /> On referring to our own “Cost of Production,”<br /> we find the figures come out as follows:–<br /> £ s. d.<br /> Composition—3 I sheets, at<br /> 19s. 6d. a sheet ... ... 29 I4 9<br /> Printing, at Ios. 5d. a sheet 16 2 II<br /> IPaper &amp; © º 24 16 O<br /> Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I I O<br /> £IOI 14 8<br /> We shall have to revise our “Cost of Pro-<br /> duction.” Our estimate for such a book is<br /> £IOI 14s. 8d. Compared with £9 I I 5s., the pub-<br /> lisher&#039;s estimate. The secretary also reports that<br /> he has had in his hands estimates the items of<br /> which were much below those in our volume.<br /> WII.-A LETTER FROM I)R. JoHNSON.<br /> The New York Critic (Nov. Io, 1894) pub-<br /> lishes, under the heading of the “Boston Letter,”<br /> by Mr. Charles Wingate, a hitherto unpublished<br /> letter by Dr. Johnson. It was sold by Messrs.<br /> Puttock and Simpson in the year 1886 and was<br /> bought by an American. The following is<br /> tendered by Mr. Wingate as a correct copy:—<br /> “SIR,--I will tell you in a few words, what is,<br /> in my opinion, the most desirable state of copy-<br /> WOL. W.<br /> right or literary property. The Authour has a<br /> natural and peculiar right to the profits of his<br /> own work. But as every man who claims the<br /> protection of Society must purchase it by resign-<br /> ing some part of his natural right, the Authour<br /> must recede from so much of his claim, as shall .<br /> be deemed injurious or inconvenient to Society.<br /> It is inconvenient to Society that a useful book<br /> should become perpetual and exclusive property.<br /> The judgment of the Lords was therefore legally<br /> and politically right. But the Authour&#039;s term of<br /> his natural right might without any inconvenience<br /> be protracted beyond the term settled by the<br /> statute, and it is, I think, to be desired :<br /> “I. That an Authour should retain during his<br /> life the sole right of printing and selling his<br /> work. This is agreeable to moral right and not<br /> inconvenient to the publick. For who will be so<br /> diligent as the Authour to improve the book, or<br /> who can know so well how to improve it P<br /> “2. That the Authour be allowed by the present<br /> Act to alienate his right only for fourteen years.<br /> A shorter time would not procure a sufficient<br /> price, and a longer would cut off all hope of<br /> future profit, and consequently all solicitude for<br /> correction or addition.<br /> “3. That when after fourteen years the copy-<br /> right shall revert to the Authour, he be allowed to<br /> alienate it again only for seven years at a time.<br /> After fourteen years the value of the work will be<br /> known and it will be no longer bought at hazard.<br /> Seven years after possession will therefore have<br /> an assignable price. It is proper that the<br /> Authour be always invited to polish and improve<br /> his work, by that prospect of recovering it<br /> which the shorter periods of alienation will<br /> afford him.<br /> “4. That after the Authour&#039;s death his work<br /> should continue an exclusive property, capable of<br /> bequest and inheritance, and of conveyance by<br /> gift or sale for thirty years. By these regula-<br /> tions a work may continue the property of the<br /> Authour, or of those who claim for him, a term<br /> sufficient to reward the writer without any<br /> loss to the publick. In fifty years far the<br /> greater number of books are forgotten and<br /> annihilated, and it is for the advantage of learn-<br /> ing that those which fifty years have not destroyed<br /> should become bona communia, so to be used by<br /> every scholar as he shall think best.<br /> “In fifty years almost every book begins to<br /> require notes, either to explain forgotten allusions<br /> and obsolete words; or to suggest those dis-<br /> coveries which have been made by the gradual<br /> advancement of knowledge, or to correct those<br /> mistakes which time may have discovered.<br /> “Such notes cannot be written to any useful<br /> purpose without the text, and the text will fre-<br /> I&amp;<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 176 (#190) ############################################<br /> <br /> 176<br /> THE AUTHOIR.<br /> Quently (?) be inspected while it is any man’s<br /> property.<br /> “I am, Sir, your humble servant,<br /> “SAM JOHNSON.”<br /> *– ~ *-*.<br /> - - -<br /> THE “NET’” SYSTEM.<br /> T has been decided by the Committee to ask<br /> the opinion of every member of the Society<br /> upon the great and important change pro-<br /> posed by certain publishers in their dealings with<br /> booksellers. It is to be hoped that every member<br /> will take the trouble to consider the question, and<br /> will forward his opinion to the Secretary. Mem-<br /> bers will, of course, understand that it is a question<br /> very materially affecting their interests. It has<br /> been, so far, suggestive that the approval, or the<br /> opinion, of authors on the subject has not even<br /> been mentioned. Certain publishers are writing<br /> about it, the rest prudently abstain ; certain book-<br /> sellers hold one opinion, others hold the contrary.<br /> No one seems to consider that the opinion of<br /> the persons who should be principally concerned<br /> is worth the trouble of asking or inquiring. The<br /> following letters are submitted as containing the<br /> views of three out of the four parties concerned<br /> in the proposed change.<br /> The first two are written by authors of repute ;<br /> the “Publisher ” belongs to a very important<br /> house; the booksellers are what they represent<br /> themselves to be, dependent upon the business<br /> which they carry on.<br /> T.—FROM AN AUTHOR.<br /> I am very glad to hear that the committee<br /> propose to ascertain the consensus of opinion<br /> among members of the Authors’ Society on the<br /> question of “met” prices. I presume that a<br /> general meeting will be held for the purpose.<br /> The very decided opinion which I myself enter-<br /> tain on the matter has two grounds. In the first<br /> place I hold that all such restrictive interferences<br /> with freedom of contract are inevitably mis-<br /> chievous in the end; and, in the second place, I<br /> hold that the particular restriction now sought for<br /> will be detrimental alike to authors and to the<br /> public.<br /> Those authors who have not carefully con-<br /> sidered the question might, I think, not unfitly<br /> be guided by the decision which authors arrived<br /> at in 1852. If at that time, after inquiry and<br /> consultation, it was decided by a number of<br /> leading authors, literary and scientific, that the<br /> system of fixed prices from which no discounts<br /> were allowed was detrimental to them, the con-<br /> clusion that such a system, if now re-established,<br /> would be detrimental, is at any rate a highly<br /> probable one; for there have, so far as I know,<br /> taken place no changes which may be supposed<br /> to make the conclusion held valid in the one case<br /> invalid in the other.<br /> But it need not take long to form an inde-<br /> pendent judgment. There is often an irrational<br /> cry against middlemen, though middlemen are, in<br /> the majority of cases, very useful persons.<br /> But in all cases middlemen must be kept in<br /> order. They, of course, pursue their own<br /> interests, and, if allowed, will satisfy those<br /> interests at the expense of those they serve. This<br /> is obviously the case with the middlemen who<br /> constitute the various classes of the book trade as<br /> with all others. On the face of it, therefore, any<br /> proposal of change made by them must be looked<br /> upon with great suspicion.<br /> That a disadvantage is threatened in the<br /> present case will at once be seen when the essen-<br /> tials are divested of all details. It is contended<br /> that retail booksellers must have greater profits<br /> assured to them. These greater profits must be<br /> at the cost of some among the several parties<br /> concerned. At whose cost then P Those con-<br /> cerned are the writers, the readers, and the<br /> several classes of traders who come between<br /> them. Of these classes of traders one is to have<br /> greater gains. Will these greater gains come<br /> from the other classes of traders ? Will the<br /> publishers, for instance, sacrifice part of their<br /> profits for the benefit of retailers ? Certainly<br /> not. They can practically make their own terms,<br /> and will sacrifice nothing, if they do not even<br /> take a share of the extra gains. Will the sacri-<br /> fice be made by the wholesale bookseller? It is<br /> unlikely; for he, too, has power in his hands to<br /> make his own bargains, and can take care he<br /> does not lose by the change. There remain then<br /> the public and the authors, one or both of whom<br /> must suffer a loss that the retailers may gain.<br /> That the public will suffer a loss is clear, if the<br /> discounts now made from advertised prices are<br /> denied to them; for it is absurd to suppose that<br /> advertised prices will be lowered to balance the<br /> absence of discounts. If that were done publishers<br /> would gain nothing. Clearly, then, the loss<br /> would be borne directly by the public. But<br /> eventually a loss would also be borne by the<br /> authors. It is impossible that the prices of books<br /> can be raised to buyers without to some extent<br /> restricting the sales. “This book is advertised<br /> at 12s.,” says the buyer to the retailer. “That is<br /> too much ; I must go without it.” “But,” says<br /> the retailer, “you can have it for 9s.” “For 9s.,<br /> you say. I can afford 9s. You may let me have<br /> it.” Conversations of this kind, or thoughts<br /> corresponding to such conversations, must be of<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 177 (#191) ############################################<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> 177<br /> continual occurrence. Obviously, therefore, if<br /> discounts are given many more copies of a book<br /> are sold than would be sold in the absence of dis-<br /> counts, and of course diminution in the number<br /> of copies sold is diminution of the author&#039;s profit,<br /> though the rate of profit remains the same.<br /> Alike, then, on our own behalf and on behalf<br /> of the public, we are, I think, bound to oppose<br /> the attempt to establish “met ’’ prices.<br /> --&gt;e--&gt; --<br /> II.-FROM ANOTHER AUTHOR.<br /> The question must be considered from four<br /> points of view.<br /> 1. That of the book-buying public:—<br /> At present the buyer obtains all books for cash<br /> at a reduction of 25 per cent. For a book<br /> advertised at 6s. he pays 4s. 6d. In fact, it is<br /> with books as with everything else, a large<br /> discount has to be made in selling them. It is<br /> now proposed that no discount at all shall be<br /> allowed. It is not proposed, however, that a<br /> book now published at 68, shall be published<br /> hereafter at 4s. 6d. It is only stated that a book<br /> which would have been published at 7s. 6d. will<br /> in future be published—say, at 6s. It has also<br /> been suggested that the 6s, book shall henceforth<br /> appear at 5s., without any discount at all. In<br /> other words, the immediate effect upon the public<br /> will be to raise the price of books.<br /> It is a time of trade depression, likely to become<br /> worse. Is it probable that the public will continue<br /> to buy what they can do without, when the price<br /> is raised ?. It does not seem probable.<br /> Again, there are only a certain limited number<br /> of people who can afford to buy books or anything<br /> else outside the mere necessaries of life. Between<br /> them they can only afford to spend a certain<br /> amount of money every year on books. The<br /> amount varies somewhat from year to year with<br /> good years and bad years, but there it is. If the<br /> price of books is raised the amount spent every<br /> year will perhaps be the same, but the number of<br /> books bought will be less. Who is benefited,<br /> therefore ?<br /> Another way to comsider the subject is this:<br /> For many years we have been gradually diminish-<br /> ing the price of books; this diminution has been<br /> helped by the discount bookseller; people have<br /> become accustomed to the cheapness of books;<br /> they are attracted by their cheapness; they are<br /> becoming, as their means allow, a people of book<br /> buyers. But if the books which are cheap<br /> become dear, the growing spirit of book buying<br /> will receive a check that may throw us back for<br /> years. And there is no doubt that the desire of<br /> the promoters of this movement is to make books<br /> dearer than they are,<br /> &quot;WOL. W.<br /> 2. From the author&#039;s point of view :—<br /> Since the first effect of the change will be to<br /> increase not only the price to the public, but also<br /> the price to the bookseller, the author will have<br /> to revise his system of royalties, or his method of<br /> sale should he sell his book outright. This may<br /> be a gain to him. But if fewer books are sold on<br /> account of these high prices, the change may be<br /> a loss to him. It will be for him personally to<br /> decide whether he will consent to an application of<br /> the “net ’’ system to his own work.<br /> 3. From the publisher&#039;s point of view:—<br /> He will undoubtedly gain on every book. But<br /> will he dispose of so many P This doubt will<br /> probably make many publishers hesitate before<br /> they adopt the hard and fast “net” system.<br /> One may also ask why, seeing that of all trades<br /> publishing is the most lucrative, its followers<br /> should not be satisfied with what they have, and<br /> forbear the risk of losing it in the hope of getting<br /> Ill Ol’62.<br /> 4. From the bookseller&#039;s point of view:—<br /> We may leave the booksellers to regulate their<br /> own business. But there are one or two points, apart<br /> from those urged above, which should make them<br /> hesitate. They will undoubtedly, like the pub-<br /> lisher, gain something on each book sold. But<br /> will they sell so many ? And if their customers<br /> are going to get no discount for cash, will they<br /> not decline to buy at all P A shrinkage of the<br /> trade will most certainly follow the adoption<br /> of the “met ’’ system, whether it will be perma-<br /> ment shrinkage or not remains to be seen. And<br /> who is to prevent a bookseller from giving dis-<br /> count P No one. It will be impossible to prevent<br /> him. He may not advertise the fact, but he will<br /> have to do, and then the bookseller will be in<br /> the pleasing position of paying more and getting<br /> less. At present he pays, probably, 38, 7#d. apiece<br /> on taking a dozen copies of a 6s. book. He<br /> sells them at 4s. 6d. each. There is a profit of<br /> Io; d. on each. If the 6s. book were reduced to<br /> 5s. net, he would give the publisher, say, 3s. I Id.<br /> for it, and would sell it at 5s. Increased profit,<br /> 2#d. But the discount would inevitably come in.<br /> The customer who has always before had 25 per<br /> cent. will not be contented with less than 15 per<br /> cent., or 9d, on each book, which he carries off<br /> for 4s. 3d. Decreased profit, 3d.<br /> Another consideration is the fact that by this<br /> change, if it is effected, the bookseller becomes<br /> the slave of the publisher. Books are put into<br /> his hand which he is to sell if he can at a certain<br /> stipulated price. There is no longer left any<br /> elasticity of trade, any freedom, any enterprise.<br /> Every bookseller will become a mere clerk, distri-<br /> buting and collecting. |<br /> R 2<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 178 (#192) ############################################<br /> <br /> 178<br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> In whatever way the change may work, there<br /> can be no doubt that trade restrictions are<br /> injurious, oppressive, and must in the long run be<br /> broken through. Meantime great mischief may<br /> be done to author, bookseller, and the book-<br /> buying public.<br /> III.-FROM A PUBLISHER.<br /> The question of net prices is far more important<br /> to the bookseller and to the author than to the<br /> publisher. To the majority of the booksellers<br /> the matter is one of life and death, of existence<br /> or extinction; but the publisher can accommodate<br /> himself, more or less, to this or any system.<br /> The matter has been sufficiently threshed out in<br /> the newspapers for every business man, at least,<br /> who has read the articles and correspondence, to<br /> understand the financial and trade bearings of<br /> the question; I need not, therefore, trouble your<br /> readers with a repetition of these details. It is,<br /> perhaps, well to state that the free-trade principle<br /> is hardly involved on either side of the question. It<br /> would be if the price of a book under the discount<br /> system were not a purely fancy and artificial<br /> price, fixed by the author through his agent, the<br /> publisher. In other words, the price of a book is<br /> not necessarily settled by the cost of production,<br /> as the price of tea, coffee, wheat, or other natural<br /> productions is fixed. It is fixed arbitrarily, at<br /> present, at a higher figure than the mere cost of<br /> production and the expectation of a fair profit<br /> would justify, in order to meet the tremendous<br /> reduction which the existing artificial discount<br /> system and the ordinary and concurrent trade<br /> allowances make compulsory.<br /> The buyer, therefore, who thinks that he gets<br /> his book cheaper because he gets an enormous<br /> discount reduction is under a delusion. He gets<br /> it neither dearer nor cheaper. He does not buy<br /> a commodity under cost price—which, of course,<br /> is economically impossible—he only gets an<br /> artificial reduction on a commodity whose price<br /> has already been artificially raised. The argu-<br /> ment, therefore, of a writer in a leading news-<br /> paper, who signs himself “Free Trader,” that<br /> the discount system helps the reader to cheap<br /> books, is fallacious. It is founded on an entire<br /> economical misconception of the facts.<br /> The present system of selling books was no<br /> doubt an excellent system when conditions were<br /> quite different to what they are now. The net<br /> system, which it is sought to substitute for it,<br /> is an attempt to replace a system which has<br /> become antiquated by one which is in every<br /> respect consonant to the doctrines of economical<br /> science. The selling price will, if the net system<br /> be introduced, be nearer the figure representing<br /> the cost of production than it now can be, and,<br /> what is of infinite importance to author, publisher,<br /> and reader, it is a system by which the average<br /> bookseller can make a fair living.<br /> In this lies the crua of the question. The<br /> present discount system is killing out the small<br /> bookseller. Some of the very large firms in the<br /> trade thrive by it, for reasons that are obvious<br /> enough to commercial men, and, of course, one<br /> great firm that holds the railway monopoly<br /> thrives by the system, but it is extinguishing the<br /> country bookseller. Mr. Collier, of the very im-<br /> portant firm of Stanford, of Cockspur-street, in<br /> the course of a recent interview in the Daily<br /> Chronicle, stated that, approximately, some 200<br /> country booksellers survive out of I2OO that did<br /> business in books some twelve or fifteen years<br /> ago. This is a most pregnant fact. It means<br /> simply this: that twelve or fifteen years ago an<br /> author, without spending a penny in advertise-<br /> ments, could, through a strong publisher, bring<br /> his wares into the hands of the reading public<br /> through 1200 channels. This for a good book<br /> might easily mean the sale of a handsome<br /> edition. Now all books—good, bad, and in-<br /> different—mustincura preliminary expense of from<br /> £15 to £60 in advertisements, simply in order<br /> that they may be known. It is a direct loss of<br /> so much in money to the author, and it is, of<br /> course, an indirect loss, to be counted in hundreds<br /> and thousands of pounds, to the publisher; but<br /> to the booksellers—to the majority of booksellers—<br /> it is worse than loss—it is ruin. That is why<br /> publishers wish for the ending of a system which<br /> is interfering with their best and cheapest channel<br /> of distribution.<br /> All other objections to the discount system are<br /> feeble in comparison to this one : that it is<br /> pushing out of existence the tradesman who is<br /> acting as distributing agent to the author.<br /> -<br /> IV.-FROM A DISCOUNT BOOKSELLER.<br /> I think it is Mr. Andrew Lang who has a “pet<br /> growl&quot; that no bookseller knows his business.<br /> I have the misfortune to have a shop in a main<br /> thoroughfare in London, and had I ten times the<br /> amount of brain even of Mr. Andrew Lang I should<br /> not be able to know, to remember anything like,<br /> the names of a part only of the books that exist.<br /> I wish Mr. Andrew Lang would take my place for<br /> one week, to listen to the hundreds of books that<br /> are asked for daily, and to which at least 60 per<br /> cent I have to give the negative answer, that I<br /> have not got the book in stock. After the week&#039;s<br /> experience I think Mr. Andrew Lang would have<br /> a better opinion of booksellers. There can be no<br /> question but that all the grievances of both the<br /> bookseller and the publisher lie in the fact that<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 179 (#193) ############################################<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> I 79<br /> there are a very great deal too many books pro-<br /> duced. If we booksellers could turn over our<br /> stocks once a week, like the butchers and the<br /> bakers, or once a month, or even once a year, we<br /> should have no cause to complain that, after giving<br /> 25 per cent. discount to the public off the published<br /> price of the book, it does not leave us a living<br /> profit. I buy my books so that I am quite con-<br /> tent with the profit I make even after selling them<br /> at 3d. in the Is. discount. “A London Book-<br /> seller,” writing in the Athenæum on Nov. 17th,<br /> says, “That it gives no pleasure to the bookseller<br /> to sell his books at a discount of 25 per cent., or<br /> any other per cent. ; his gorge rises at it.” Rather,<br /> my gorge rises when I sell a book at its net price,<br /> because I know I am not selling in the cheapest<br /> market, and that my customer, when I tell him<br /> the book is issued at a net price, and no discount<br /> is allowed, is incredulous, and doubts by his<br /> manner that I am making a larger profit. No<br /> Englishman likes to be “dome.” If you go into a<br /> chemists, or grocers, or anywhere, and buy an<br /> article marked at Is. for Is., and passing along<br /> the street see in another window the exact article<br /> marked at Io;d., you feel you have been “had &quot;<br /> or “dome,” and your gorge rises at it, and you<br /> mentally determine not to patronise that first<br /> shop again. It will be the same with this net<br /> system in the publishing of books, which, I regret<br /> to see, so many booksellers are inclined to hail as<br /> a salvation of their business. They will find, as<br /> “An Author’’ writes in the Athenæum of Nov. 24<br /> “that the unforeseen always occurs,” so that their<br /> last state will be worse than their first. To be<br /> despotically told by the publisher that such and<br /> such a book is published at Is. net, and if you sell<br /> it below that price you shall not have any other<br /> of his books, is a system of tyranny that cannot<br /> be quietly submitted to.<br /> W.—FROM A RETAIL Books ELLER.<br /> That the present movement for the introduction<br /> of books published at net prices and the abolition<br /> of all discount is decidedly retrogade, and instead<br /> of having the effect of placing the new book trade<br /> on a firmer basis will prove the indirect means of<br /> making it worse than ever, as everyone who thinks<br /> of the matter seriously will own, as the public,<br /> finding they cannot get their books from the<br /> bookseller (who is the middleman) at a less price<br /> than the publisher will supply them, will<br /> naturally write direct to the publisher to have<br /> the book they require promptly sent to their<br /> homes post paid, quicker and much more ex-<br /> peditiously than their bookseller would deliver it.<br /> Publishers who are most in favour of the net<br /> system state that a book now published, say, at<br /> 7s. 6d. net would, under the old system, have<br /> been issued at IOS. This, I fear, is not the case.<br /> It is merely said to delude the public. Take the<br /> following instance, and see whom this extra<br /> profit benefits. Recently a book was issued by<br /> Professor Drummond called “The Ascent of<br /> Man,” and which is published at 7s. 6d. net. The<br /> bookseller has to pay 6s. 3d, net for every copy;<br /> thus he makes a profit of Is. 3d. Under the old<br /> system the book would have been 7s. 6d., subject<br /> to 25 per cent, discount=5s. 8d., and would have<br /> been bought by the bookseller at 5s. 4d., thirteen<br /> copies as twelve, and a discount of 5 per cent. On<br /> settlement of his quarterly account. This would<br /> make its net cost 4s. 8d., giving a profit to the<br /> bookseller of Is., which is quite as much as he<br /> can expect. Now, under the old system the<br /> bookseller gets Is. profit, sells his book more<br /> readily, and satisfies his customer, who knows<br /> he is buying in the cheapest market (which is<br /> itself an indispensable consideration). Under the<br /> met system the bookseller gets Is. 3d. profit (3d.<br /> more) and does not satisfy his customer, who<br /> imagines he is not buying at the cheapest<br /> market, and goes away doubting and dissatisfied.<br /> On the other hand, the difference to the<br /> publisher is very considerable, under the old<br /> system he gets 4s. 8d. net from the bookseller,<br /> under the net system he gets 6s. 3d. net, which<br /> is Is. 7d. more in his pocket. Undoubtedly the<br /> publisher would like such a system established,<br /> which all goes to enrich him, unless the author<br /> demands a share of the plunder in the shape of<br /> increased royalties, which are rightfully his.<br /> Again, in these days of excessive competition,<br /> will the public tamely submit to this increased<br /> price on their books P Certainly not. Already<br /> many publishers are sending their printing, &amp;c.,<br /> to the continent. Messrs. Nester, of Nuremburg,<br /> have so successfully competed with all English<br /> producers of children&#039;s colour printed and other<br /> books, that they have practically ousted all others<br /> from the field, and have this especial market<br /> entirely in their own hands. What then is to<br /> prevent (if all books are to be published at net<br /> prices) some energetic continental firms printing<br /> and flooding the English market with cheap<br /> editions of non-copyright books, &amp;c., and by their<br /> success, which will be indisputable, they will be<br /> able to approach our English authors and pro-<br /> duce copyright books in such a way as to upset<br /> the whole system of publishing. Our publishers<br /> may find their headquarters for the production of<br /> English books will be in Berlin rather than<br /> London.<br /> Under these circumstances would it be wise for<br /> us booksellers to sell our books at published<br /> prices P Decidedly not; the more discount given,<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 180 (#194) ############################################<br /> <br /> I8O<br /> TIIB, AUTHOR.<br /> the cheaper the books are offered to the public,<br /> the brisker will be the trade, and the better for<br /> everyone.<br /> VI.—FROM A LoNDON Books ELLER.<br /> That certain books may with advantage be<br /> issued at net prices, such as professional and<br /> technical books and books of a special character,<br /> for which there can be no large demand, every<br /> bookseller will I think agree, but it is much to be<br /> regretted that any bookseller should be in favour<br /> of the abolition of all discount for cash purchases.<br /> Until very recently there was a great outcry<br /> against the Civil Service, and Army and Navy,<br /> and kindred stores marking not only books, but<br /> goods of every kind, down so that by very serious<br /> competition to all small traders it was said that<br /> their “occupation was gone,” and they would<br /> have to shut up shop; time has shown that these<br /> stores have built up enormous businesses by<br /> simply supplying their goods at the lowest<br /> remunerative prices for cash payments. Their<br /> motto has been the very true one of “small profits<br /> and quick returns,” and now the booksellers of<br /> both London and the country at large are<br /> clamouring for higher prices, the abolition of<br /> discount, and that all books be published at net<br /> prices, and such prices strictly adhered to,<br /> whether their customer come into their shop cash<br /> in hand, and pays for and carries away his purchase,<br /> or has the purchase booked to his account, which<br /> he pays quarterly or half yearly, &amp;c. Why,<br /> it is in direct opposition to all the principles of<br /> business: the cheaper you can sell your books, the<br /> more discount you offer to the public, the greater<br /> will be your turnover, and the better it will be<br /> for publisher, author, and bookseller, because<br /> for both publisher and bookseller the more copies<br /> of a book sold, even at a low profit, will pay<br /> better than few copies at a higher profit, and will<br /> cause the public to buy with more confidence and<br /> with brisker demand; and the better for the<br /> author, because the greater the number of copies<br /> sold the more royalties he will receive. The<br /> present state of the trade is not to be much in-<br /> proved, a bookseller can give 25 per cent. discount<br /> and then have quite as much profit (in fact much<br /> more than many trades) as he can reasonably<br /> expect; but it is not this question of discount<br /> that cripples the bookseller and makes him find<br /> his trade so unprofitable, it is the great multi-<br /> plicity of books that are published, and conse-<br /> quently the tremendous stock he has to keep ; in<br /> no other trade has so much capital to be invested<br /> in stock, and much, alas ! dead stock. The book is<br /> subscribed to him by the publisher, he has to<br /> use his own judgment if it will take, he may<br /> order seven copies to get the half copy, or thirteen<br /> to get the odd copy. If the book takes, and goes<br /> off readily, he has to buy many other dozens, but<br /> for one success there are how many failures; the<br /> bookseller sells six or nine of his dozen copies,<br /> and the rest remain on his shelves, taking up<br /> much room and increasing stock in a decidedly<br /> undesirable manner, thus he finds year after year<br /> his stock growing, and every day, especially at<br /> this season of the year, scores of new books<br /> coming out, and of which he must take a certain<br /> proportion of the known authors into stock, so<br /> that he finds all his capital and profit has to be<br /> put into his stock, and he cannot make any head-<br /> way in improving his position in the world. This,<br /> I cannot help thinking, is the real cause of the<br /> dissatisfaction of my brother booksellers, not the<br /> question of discount; sell your books as cheaply<br /> as you can, and sell as many copies as you can, is<br /> my advice to all booksellers. Neither publisher<br /> Inor author can do without us, the very best adver-<br /> tisement a book and its author can have is to be<br /> “on view º&#039; on the shelves of every book shop in<br /> the kingdom, where the public can take it down<br /> and look at it ; it is half the sale. Sell cheaply<br /> and avoid met books is my advice.<br /> &gt; * r3<br /> NOTES AND NEWS.<br /> R HALL CAINE has very kindly sent<br /> me his recent address delivered before<br /> the Philosophical Institution, Edin-<br /> burgh, on Nov. 17, with permission to use any<br /> part of it for this paper. The pressure on our<br /> limited space prevents any use of it in this<br /> number, but I hope to avail myself of Mr. Hall<br /> Caine&#039;s permission next month.<br /> It is impossible to know or to ascertain the<br /> reasons which guide a Prime Minister in his<br /> award of pensions in the Civil List. We will<br /> suppose that, unlike most of his predecessors,<br /> he is anxious to administer the grant in the<br /> interests of literature, science, and art, and not<br /> to foist upon the list widows and daughters of<br /> the Naval, Military, and Civil Services, for whom<br /> provision should be made elsewhere. It is true<br /> that an unfortunate clause—“ and other persons<br /> who may be worthy of Her Majesty&#039;s bounty’—<br /> or words to that effect, seems to justify the<br /> placing of all the world on this list; but the fact<br /> remains that the grant was intended for<br /> literature, science, and art, and that the claims<br /> of persons belonging to these three branches<br /> of intellectual effort must precede all others.<br /> Now here is a case which has recently<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 181 (#195) ############################################<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOIR.<br /> I81<br /> been laid before Lord Rosebery. A petition<br /> was sent in to him signed not numerously, but by<br /> a dozen names commanding, one would think,<br /> respect and consideration. The petition was in<br /> favour of an old man, a very old man. He is eighty-<br /> five years of age : he has been working all his long<br /> life on literature. Fifty years ago a book was pub-<br /> lished by Charles Knight on some of the many<br /> aspects of Tondon. It was a huge book in six<br /> royal quarto volumes ; the book is a classic ; it<br /> has survived to the present day; no one who<br /> reads about London at all can afford to do with-<br /> out this book. Exactly half of it was written by<br /> this man. How many of us expect to be read in<br /> fifty years time? Again, he has written novels.<br /> Of his novels three or four survive, and are still<br /> in demand after thirty or forty years. How<br /> many novels iive for thirty or forty years? Can<br /> you, dear reader, conceive a case more loudly<br /> calling for a place upon the Civil List P Again,<br /> I say, that we know not what other cases there<br /> were under the consideration of Lord Rosebery.<br /> Whatever they were, it is clear that they were<br /> even more worthy of assistance than this case,<br /> because he has written through his secretaries<br /> to say that he will give this man nothing.<br /> It is worth noting that the letter signed by<br /> the twelve men and women of letters received no<br /> acknowledgment, and that the secretaries did not<br /> think it necessary to inform these people of the<br /> result of their unfortunate letter. These are the<br /> courtesies which the literary class are accustomed<br /> to receive from officials. Who are they P Literary<br /> chaps. Take no notice of them<br /> Modern Poets.—It seems quite a long time<br /> since we heard of a certain poetical journal, or<br /> treasure house of poetry, brought out monthly.<br /> It was formerly The Poets&#039; Magazine, then it<br /> became Lloyd’s Magazine, after the name of the<br /> proprietor, Mr. Leonard Lloyd. It has now<br /> become Modern Poets, but the proprietor does<br /> not inform us whether the life of his magazine<br /> has been continuous, or interrupted by intervals<br /> of sleep, or, as it is a poetic magazine, of trance.<br /> However that may be, Modern Poets now appears<br /> quarterly; and if “sufficient good poetry and<br /> prose are received to fill its pages” the magazine<br /> is to appear monthly. The really attractive<br /> feature—that which separates the paper, and<br /> distinguishes it from commoner journals—is that<br /> while such mean spirited magazines as the Con-<br /> temporary, or Longman&#039;s, actually pay con-<br /> tributors—hire the poor degraded wretches—this<br /> magazine expects its contributors to pay the<br /> editor. Noble creature He will be hired by<br /> his contributors; in the interests of literature he<br /> will dare all and endure all. Every contributor,<br /> therefore, sends up a form signed. It is thus<br /> conceived:<br /> Sir, Wishing to contribute to your magazine, I send you<br /> M.S. entitled and in the event of its acceptance<br /> for an appearance in your next number I agree to purchase<br /> — dozen copies of the magazine (Signed)<br /> An appearance in this magazine will, doubtless,<br /> be highly prized by the contributor. Fifty<br /> dozen at least, at sixpence, which is £15, is not<br /> pay too high for a magazine article. One has<br /> heard of £50. Let the contributor value his<br /> article himself, and order as many dozen at<br /> sixpence each as will amount to that sum.<br /> In another place will be found a few observa-<br /> tions on the proposed “Net” system. It is<br /> very much to be hoped that all members will<br /> forward to the secretary their opinion and<br /> their reasons. The two points which seem to<br /> concern authors most are (I) whether the<br /> adoption of the “Net” system would materially<br /> raise the price of books; and (2) whether the<br /> rise in prices would not so far check the sale of<br /> books as to counterbalance any advantage gained<br /> by an increase in price. There are other<br /> questions, such as the danger of interfering<br /> with the great advance made during the last few<br /> years by the public as buyers of books; the<br /> danger of interference with the course of trade;<br /> the danger of making the bookseller a mere<br /> mechanical distributor—in other words, of con-<br /> verting what used to be a centre of literary<br /> information into a railway stall; and the doubt<br /> whether a “Net’ system can ever be enforced—<br /> in other words, whether the bookseller would not<br /> go on as before giving discount for cash.<br /> Mr. Sherard sends word that in his reference<br /> to the Goldsmith tomb he was mistaken. As<br /> for me, I was under the impression that some-<br /> thing was wrong with the tomb. So there is,<br /> but not what we supposed ; the name is clearly cut,<br /> but unfortunately it is not certain that the tomb<br /> is Oliver&#039;s. Under these circumstances one has<br /> only to express thanks to those who kindly offered<br /> their assistance.<br /> A new monthly magazine is to be started. It<br /> offers the unprecedented attraction of an astro-<br /> logical horoscope free for all subscribers, with the<br /> privilege of asking three astrological questions.<br /> After this we may expect another, which will tell<br /> the fortunes of every subscriber by the oracle of<br /> coffee grounds with the right of asking three<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 182 (#196) ############################################<br /> <br /> I 82<br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> questions on the domestic omens, such as crossed<br /> knives, spilled salt, and the influence on fate of<br /> black cats, piebald horses, and the man with a<br /> squint.<br /> Mr. Gosse has arrived at a time of life which<br /> prompts to serious reflections on the flight of time.<br /> Everybody at forty gets these reflections. “Wait<br /> till you come to forty year.” They pass, these<br /> reflections; in the fifties one feels younger<br /> than in the forties. Perhaps, in the sixties, one<br /> may feel younger still. We ought to, considering<br /> how short a time remains for cheerfulness. How-<br /> ever, the motto to the new volume of verse, “In<br /> Russet and Silver,” is quite in the vein of the<br /> forties: -<br /> Life, that, when youth was hot and bold,<br /> Leaped up in scarlet and in gold,<br /> Now walks by graver hopes possessed<br /> In russet and in silver dressed.<br /> Whether in russet and silver or in scarlet and<br /> gold, it is the same music and the same musician;<br /> the certain touch and the unexpected phrase;<br /> the true word to fit the thought ; the perfect<br /> dexterity and mastery of the metre ; these are<br /> qualities which we have long since recognised;<br /> and as yet there is no sign of any younger poet—<br /> “in scarlet and in gold *-disputing the supe-<br /> riority of Mr. Gosse in these essentials.<br /> The Authors’ Club distinguished itself on the<br /> 19th Nov. by holding its monthly dinner in<br /> honour of Anthony Hope. The room, which is<br /> too small for such festivities, was quite full, and<br /> there were but two speeches, that of the chair-<br /> man, Mr. Oswald Crawfurd, and that of the guest<br /> of the evening. Among the men of distinction<br /> who have thus been entertained are Zola and<br /> Rudyard Kipling. And now comes Anthony Hope.<br /> It is a pleasing feature of the club to pay this<br /> tribute to men who have risen or are certainly<br /> rising. Authors are too often accused of jealousy<br /> and spite. There was no show either of jealousy<br /> or of spite in the dinner of the 19th, but only the<br /> general desire to recognise and to honour good<br /> work wherever it is found.<br /> The club, which is now two years old, may be<br /> lcoked upon as established. The rooms are<br /> extremely pleasant, and have a position as central<br /> as can be desired. The members are all connected<br /> with literature. Up to the present it has been<br /> more of a lunching than a dining club. Every-<br /> body is supposed to know everybody else, and the<br /> club is essentially cheerful. As stated above, the<br /> rooms are too small, they will only accommodate<br /> fifty at a dinner. But if another hundred<br /> members were to come in additional rooms could<br /> be had, and there would be more elbow room.<br /> Clad in a garb of golden-green, with a charac-<br /> teristic portrait of the subject for frontispiece, is<br /> Mr. Robert Sherard’s book on Alphonse Daudet.<br /> It may be thought that Daudet exhausted the<br /> subject himself in his “Trente Ans de Paris; ”<br /> that, however, is not the case ; there is a great deal<br /> in this volume that is not in the “Trente Ans.”<br /> The author has received contributions from<br /> Madame Daudet, from Léon Daudet, from<br /> Edmond de Goncourt, from Ernest Daudet, and<br /> from Alphonse Daudet himself. The result is a<br /> full biography and a most interesting account of<br /> a most remarkable man. The best excuse for<br /> writing the book is found in the concluding words<br /> of the preface: “Since Alphonse Daudet has<br /> honoured me with his friendship, I may say, with-<br /> out exaggeration, that my life of exile has been<br /> transformed. It is, perhaps, also on account of<br /> my admiration and my affection for this great-<br /> hearted man of letters that I have worked to<br /> make others know him as I do.”<br /> WALTER BESANT.<br /> &gt;e c3<br /> NOTES FROM PARIS,<br /> HE following letter, which I have just<br /> T received from my friend Alphonse Daudet,<br /> is the best answer that I can give to many<br /> questions which have been asked of me as to his<br /> intention of visiting London next year:<br /> Oui ; mon bon. Sherard, j’ai l&#039;espoir au printermps prochain,<br /> si je ne suis pas trop invalide de venir voir londres, mais<br /> non pas de me montrer ä Londres, ce qui est bien différent.<br /> Je serais heureux de vous avoir pour compagnon et cicerone<br /> tº mais je vous demanderai de me mettre à l&#039;abri des<br /> curiosités du reportage, ce sont des vacances que je compte<br /> prendre et je suis bien décidé à me pas donner de repré-<br /> sentation dans ce beau pays que je suis si désireux de<br /> connaitre.<br /> These things being so, we may hope to see<br /> M. Daudet in London in a few months.<br /> In my great admiration for Emile Zola, I feel<br /> sorry in saying that the opinion in Paris is one<br /> of doubt as to the possible value of a book on<br /> Rome, written on information collected during a<br /> fortnight&#039;s visit. It is generally thought that<br /> Rome, from all points of view, and as a whole,<br /> is a large subject, and that its comprehension<br /> can hardly be effected in a fortnight. It must<br /> be added, however, that Zola intends to spend a<br /> long time over this book, and that “Rome,” the<br /> second volume of “Les Trois Willes” series of<br /> novels, will not appear till 1896.<br /> We were all much shocked to hear of the death<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 183 (#197) ############################################<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> 183<br /> of Francis Magnard, the editor of Le Figaro, for<br /> he seemed in full strength, with years of life and<br /> activity before him. Yet certainly he looked very<br /> grey and worn when I last saw him. The Figaro<br /> was a fighting paper, and all fighting exacts nerve<br /> and muscle and uses and wears. He was a con-<br /> scientious and a most hard-working man, who<br /> gave himself up entirely to his paper. Most of<br /> his time was spent at the office in the Rue<br /> Drouot. I am afraid I cannot agree with those<br /> who have written in praise of his daily leaderette<br /> in the Figaro. It was writing after the style and<br /> in the manner of thought of Joseph Prudhomme.<br /> But good editors of large papers are rarely good<br /> writers. Willemessant, the founder of the Figaro,<br /> could not string six lines of tolerable prose<br /> together, yet he was certainly one of the best<br /> editors who ever lived. Magnard wrote very<br /> quickly, though his work seemed laboriously<br /> evolved. He told me once that he always asked<br /> himself, on sending the paper to the press, what<br /> Willemessant would have thought about the<br /> number, both as a whole and in detail, and felt<br /> quite nervous on the subject, so completely had<br /> he been disciplined by his former chief. I may<br /> add that Magnard used to deny being a Belgian<br /> by extraction, and used to get very angry when<br /> he was attacked as such in the rival papers.<br /> I may also add that M. de Rodays, the present<br /> editor, had been designated by de Villemessant in<br /> his will to succeed Magnard, in the case of the<br /> latter&#039;s retirement or death. M. de Rodays’<br /> successor was also named in the same clause.<br /> The biggest succés de librairie of the year in<br /> Paris has been Marcel Prevost’s novel “Les<br /> Demi-Vierges.” It is, I see, in its 15oth edition.<br /> Exceptionally these are editions of only 500<br /> copies, whereas the French edition usually con-<br /> sists of IOOO copies. The book is exceedingly<br /> well written, but the subject is a nauseating one,<br /> and this success is not one on which his friends<br /> can congratulate M. Marcel Prevost.<br /> J. H. Rosny, who is translating George Moore&#039;s<br /> novel “Esther Waters ” for publication in feuil-<br /> leton form in Le Gaulois, is by many, including<br /> Daudet, Zola, and de Goncourt, considered one of<br /> the first writers of French fiction living in France<br /> to-day. His “Le Bilateral” is undoubtedly a<br /> masterpiece, complicated as its style and bitter as<br /> is the author&#039;s philosophy. Rosny has had a<br /> very troubled and miserable life, and lives none<br /> knows where. He hides his address, and is under-<br /> stood to be in unfortunate circumstances. His<br /> books do not sell well, and he is indifferent to<br /> popularity, in which respect he may be compared<br /> to J. K. Huysman.<br /> I heard a story in Paris the other day of how a<br /> literary “ghost &quot; revenged himself on a too<br /> WOL. W.<br /> unscrupulous employer. He had been engaged<br /> to write a feuilleton, for which his employer, a<br /> very well-known Parisian novelist, had received<br /> an order. The original arrangement was that<br /> the ghost should receive a penny a line—the well-<br /> known Parisian novelist, it may be mentioned,<br /> was to receive fivepence a line, and, of course, he<br /> signed the story with his own illustrious name;<br /> but after some instalments had been printed, the<br /> ghost was informed by his employer, who, in the<br /> meanwhile, had found out that his hack was in<br /> desperate circumstances, that in the future he<br /> would only be paid one halfpenny a line. He was<br /> forced to submit, but at once introduced into his<br /> story two fresh characters, whose names were<br /> simple transpositions of his employer&#039;s name and<br /> his own, of which one was a well-known novelist<br /> and the other a starving literary hack, and showed<br /> how the novelist engaged the hack to write a<br /> serial story at the rate of a penny a line, and<br /> afterwards reduced this to a halfpenny a line, and<br /> how the hack to revenge himself introduced,<br /> under transposed names, into this serial two fresh<br /> characters, one of which was a novelist and so on.<br /> The novelist sweater was away enjoying himself<br /> whilst these instalments were appearing, and<br /> one can imagine his feelings on his return to<br /> Paris. It is needless to add that the story was<br /> considerably revised before being republished in<br /> volume form.<br /> Why are almost all the books supplied to the<br /> public in England bound P Is not the French<br /> system of publishing all works merely in paper<br /> covers preferable? To begin with, an unbound<br /> book can be supplied cheaper than a bound book.<br /> Then, many book buyers like to bind their books<br /> according to their own taste in the matter of<br /> binding. Some like the bindings of their books to<br /> be in some degree symbolical of their contents,<br /> who would bind Haggard in red, George Ohnet<br /> in pale blue, Poe in black, and so on. Others<br /> like uniformity, and, indeed, so varied are the<br /> colours of book backs as sold to-day, that a library<br /> shelf often presents a ghastly combination of<br /> colours. There is, of course, a great deal to be<br /> said on both sides of the question. At the same<br /> time, I do not think that the bookbinders would<br /> lose by the change. . They would have less cheap<br /> binding to do, but far more reliures d&#039;amateur,<br /> which are really profitable. --<br /> f have been told that my note on Oliver Gold<br /> Smith&#039;s grave in last month&#039;s Author is un-<br /> founded and uncalled for, that the grave is in<br /> good condition, and well kept. I am not of this<br /> opinion, nor am I alone in this respect. “What<br /> would you more?” I have been asked. Well, to<br /> begin with, a railing round the tomb. I saw a<br /> butcher&#039;s boy sitting on it the other day. * *<br /> S<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 184 (#198) ############################################<br /> <br /> 184<br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> I have heard the strange story since I came to<br /> London of a high judicial functionary who many<br /> years ago published, with one of the most<br /> reputable firms in London on the half-profit<br /> system, an important work on an important<br /> political question. It is several years since any<br /> account was rendered, and though the book had<br /> then passed through eight editions, all that the<br /> high judicial functionary received as his share<br /> was Is. 7#d. The book has been selling since,<br /> but the author has never received another penny.<br /> And he is not very satisfied, and says things about<br /> publishers which are not judicial nor quite justi-<br /> fiable.<br /> Weyman has made up his mind to take a year&#039;s<br /> complete rest as soon as “The Red Cockade&quot; is<br /> finished. I am told that this is the very best<br /> thing this genius has ever written, by people who<br /> have read the opening chapters, now in Jerome&#039;s<br /> hands.<br /> Apropos of the title of this book, are we about<br /> to pass from the “yellow * to the “red.” Every-<br /> thing was yellow a short while ago in matter of<br /> literature. And now, in matter of literature,<br /> things are mostly red. There are Weyman’s titles<br /> in red, there is Morley Roberts&#039;s “Red Earth,”<br /> there is Francis Gribble’s “The Red Spell,” there<br /> is a novel called “The Crimson Sign,” and, of<br /> course, there is Conan Doyle’s “Round the Red<br /> Lamp.” In the future all things may be green,<br /> as most bindings are, by the way, at the present<br /> hour, and so it shall go on.<br /> I am very glad to hear that John Davidson&#039;s<br /> last book of poems is selling exceedingly well;<br /> 500 copies were taken before the book was pub-<br /> lished. Many people, as a mere commercial<br /> speculation, are buying up copies of the “Ballads<br /> and Songs.” All this is well, for John Davidson,<br /> a poet and a most genial man, has fought a hard<br /> fight, and merits success and ease. His life has<br /> been a life of heroism. R. H. SHERARD.<br /> *~ * ~ *<br /> r- - --&gt;<br /> NOTES FROM NEW YORK.<br /> New York, Nov. Io.<br /> HE death of Dr. Holmes not only caused<br /> the usual feelings of personal loss aroused<br /> when any honoured author leaves us,&quot; but<br /> additional sorrow was felt since with his decease<br /> the great New England group of authors ended.<br /> In the early part of this century, when Irving,<br /> Cooper, Bryant, and Fitz-Greene Halleck lived in<br /> New York, the literary centre was here, but<br /> before the middle of the century Emerson,<br /> Tongfellow, Whittier, Lowell, Hawthorne, and<br /> FIolmes revealed themselves, and the glory of the<br /> school as well as of a life that we deplore.<br /> New England group was greater than that of the<br /> Rnickerbocker school, as the New Yorkers had<br /> been called.<br /> Professor Norton, of Harvard College, recently<br /> remarked that, “they all wrote with a moral.<br /> They had, too, a touch of Puritanism. They<br /> were stirred to write often not so much from the<br /> impulse of the imagination as because they were<br /> impelled to teach some lessons and do some good<br /> that way. It was just at the war period, and all<br /> continued on the same side. They were all<br /> warriors in a sense.” Thus it is the closing of a<br /> Since<br /> Dr. Holmes wrote “Old Ironsides &quot; the popula-<br /> tion of the United States has quadrupled, and the<br /> country can no longer be said to have one<br /> literary centre. In all directions have sprung up<br /> authors who write what has been called “ local<br /> fiction,” that is to say, they chiefly devote their<br /> efforts to depicting the life around them. This<br /> is a recent development, and, although there is<br /> now no one great group, there are many more<br /> accomplished authors than there were formerly,<br /> and the average of merit is undoubtedly higher.<br /> It is a sign that good times are coming when<br /> the fall publishing trade opens well, as it has this<br /> year. Whether or not publishers suffer much<br /> during a business depression is a question often<br /> debated. Some contend, that books being a<br /> luxury, people either go without in hard times or<br /> else use the free libraries. Others think that<br /> during financial depression books are sent as<br /> presents where expensive jewellery would have<br /> been purchased in prosperous years. This year,<br /> illustrated gift books, held back by hard times,<br /> make the list of announcements very large.<br /> Leading houses report that trade is at least<br /> normal. It seems to have recovered from the<br /> stagnation of the last two years, and bids fair to<br /> be better month by month as business revives.<br /> There is no boom yet, and probably will not be<br /> for a year or two longer, but the conditions are<br /> healthy. -<br /> Among the more important announcements are<br /> “The Warfare of Science,” by Mr. Andrew D.<br /> White, which has attracted much attention as<br /> the successive chapters appeared in the Popular<br /> Science Monthly; “Edwin Booth,” recollections<br /> of his daughter, with his letters to her and his<br /> friends, a part of the correspondence of which we<br /> have had a foretaste in the Century, and which<br /> revealed the great actor in a singularly noble and<br /> spiritual aspect ; “The Life and Art of Joseph<br /> Jefferson, together with some account of his<br /> ancestry and of the Jefferson Family of Actors,”<br /> by Mr. William Winter, a revision on the briefer<br /> biography published ten years ago; “Portraits<br /> in Plaster,” by Mr. Laurence Hutton, with<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 185 (#199) ############################################<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> 185<br /> seventy-two reproductions of death-masks of<br /> famous men and women from the author&#039;s own<br /> collection of these gruesome objects, which is<br /> the largest private collection in the world; “Ilife<br /> and Letters of John Greenleaf Whittier,” the<br /> authorised biography, by his literary executor, Mr.<br /> Samuel T. Pickard ; “The Sherman Letters,” a<br /> most interesting correspondence between General<br /> Sherman and his brother, Senator Sherman,<br /> covering the entire war period; “Familiar Letters<br /> of Henry David Thoreau,” edited by Mr. Frank<br /> B. Sanborn, who wrote the volume on Thoreau<br /> in the series of “American Men of Letters;”<br /> “Riverby,” another volume of delightful out-<br /> door papers, by John Burroughs, the gifted<br /> disciple of Thoreau; “In the Dozy Hours and<br /> other Papers,” by Miss Agnes Repplier, whose<br /> terse little essays have gained her wide fame;<br /> “Four American Universities,” Harvard, Yale,<br /> Princeton, and Columbia, by Professors Norton,<br /> Hadley, Sloane, and Brander Matthews;<br /> “Character and Development of the Universities<br /> of Germany,” a most illuminative account by<br /> Professor Paulsen, translated by Professor E. D.<br /> Perry.<br /> Roberts Brothers have just brought out the<br /> first two volumes of a new translation of<br /> “Molière&#039;s Dramatic Works,” by Miss Katharine<br /> Prescott Wormeley, whose admirable translation<br /> of Balzac, now nearly completed, has won for her<br /> wide commendation.<br /> Longmans, Green, and Co. announce a series of<br /> “College Histories of Art,” edited by Professor<br /> John C. Van Dyke, of which the first volume to<br /> appear is the editor&#039;s own on the “History of<br /> Painting;” and the Scribner&#039;s are going to bring<br /> out the “Art of the American Wood Engraver,”<br /> by the late Philip Gilbert Hamerton, who<br /> brought to this subject a most unusual breadth<br /> of knowledge.<br /> Stone and Kimball, of Chicago, are about to<br /> issue the first complete edition of the “Works of<br /> Edgar Allan Poe,” newly collected and edited,<br /> with memoir, notes, &amp;c., by Mr. Edmund Clarence<br /> Stedman and Professor George Edward Wood-<br /> berry; of the ten volumes to which this edition is<br /> going to extend, three are ready, and to these<br /> very probably will be added a single supple-<br /> mentary volume containing the correspondence<br /> between Poe and his friends, which will be edited<br /> by Professor Woodberry. Mr. Edmund Clarence<br /> Stedman after two years&#039; work has finished his<br /> “Victorian Anthology,” which contains represen-<br /> tative poems by the authors discussed in his<br /> “Victorian Poets.”<br /> Americans have always made a specialty of<br /> works of reference. Three important books of<br /> this class have been lately published here. One<br /> is a supplement to the “Century Dictionary&quot;—a<br /> seventh volume—called the “Century Cyclopædia<br /> of Names,” a pronouncing and etymological dic-<br /> tionary of names in geography, biography, mytho-<br /> logy, history, art, fiction, &amp;c., edited by Mr.<br /> Benjamin E. Smith, who was managing editor of<br /> the “Century Dictionary,” under the late Pro-<br /> fessor Whitney. In this great work, upon which<br /> the entire editorial force of the Century has<br /> long been engaged, for the first time all the<br /> varieties of information usually obtained in bio-<br /> graphical dictionaries, geographical gazetteers,<br /> lists of characters in fiction, &amp;c., have been<br /> arranged in alphabetical order and gathered into<br /> One volume. The selections have been made with<br /> especial regard to the wants of the general public,<br /> thus the central facts are given in large type, and<br /> in Smaller type such information as will help to a<br /> more complete understanding of the subject.<br /> Another is “A New and Complete Concordance<br /> in the Dramatic Works of Shakespeare,” by Mr.<br /> John Bartlett, to whom we are already indebted<br /> for his admirable “Dictionary of Familiar Quota-<br /> tions.” The third is Mr. S. L. Whitcomb&#039;s<br /> “Chronological Outlines of American Literature,”<br /> the first attempt to set down the chronological<br /> sequence of American books. It is on the plan of<br /> Ryland’s “Chronological Outlines of English<br /> Literature,” but on a much more liberal scale.<br /> A fourth elaborate book of reference could not be<br /> got ready in time for the fall trade. This is the<br /> great “Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiqui-<br /> ties,” which Professor Peck, of Columbia College,<br /> is editing for Harper and Brothers. It is to be<br /> fully illustrated, and will probably appear in the<br /> Spring.<br /> The British novelist is to have better showing<br /> than usual next year in American magazines,<br /> although a large percentage of the serials will be<br /> by American authors. Mr. Thomas Hardy’s “Sim-<br /> pletons’’ is the chief serial of Harper&#039;s Monthly.<br /> In Harper&#039;s Weekly Mr. Stanley J. Weyman&#039;s<br /> romance, “The Red Cockade,” begins in the first<br /> January number, and will be followed in July by<br /> Mr. Brander Matthews&#039;s novel of New York,<br /> “His Father&#039;s Son.” In Harper&#039;s Bazar the<br /> first serial is Maarten Maartens’ “My Lady<br /> Nobody,” and the second is a southern story,<br /> “Doctor Warwick&#039;s Daughters,” by Mrs. Richard<br /> Harding Davis. In Scribner&#039;s will appear Mr.<br /> George Meredith’s “Amazing Marriage,” and<br /> Mr. Barrie&#039;s “Sentimental Tommy,” besides Mr.<br /> Howell&#039;s shorter serial, “The Story of a Play.”<br /> The Century&#039;s two serials are both by American<br /> authors—“Casa Braccia,” by Mr. Marion Craw-<br /> ford, and “An Errant Wooing,” by Mrs. Burton<br /> Harrison; and so are the two stories announced<br /> by the Atlantic, Mrs. Mary Halleck Foote&#039;s “The<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 186 (#200) ############################################<br /> <br /> 186<br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> Thumpeter,” and Mrs. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps<br /> Ward’s “A Singular Life.” -<br /> It has never been the custom of our magazines<br /> to limit their serials to fiction alone; indeed,<br /> some of their greatest successes have been with<br /> works such as no British magazine ever ventures<br /> upon. The War series of the Century doubled<br /> its circulation in twelve months; and forty years<br /> ago a Life of Napoleon gave Harper&#039;s its first<br /> impetus. Now the Century begins a Biography<br /> of Napoleon, by Professor W. M. Sloane, which<br /> has been in preparation for five years, and during<br /> two of that period special agents have been ran-<br /> sacking Europe for illustrative material. The<br /> Century will also contain Mrs. Van Rensel-<br /> laer&#039;s series of papers on the French Cathedrals,<br /> for which Mr. Joseph Parnell has made many<br /> striking illustrations. Scribner&#039;s will contain,<br /> beginning in the January number, “The History<br /> of the Last Quarter-Century in the United<br /> States,” by President E. Benjamin Andrews, in<br /> which he has endeavoured to cover that period of<br /> history about which we are apt to know least—<br /> from the time school histories end (usually with<br /> the War of the Republic) up to the present year.<br /> The Atlantic will shortly publish a series of<br /> papers by Mr. John Fiske on Virginia, “The<br /> Old Dominion and her Sister Colonies.”<br /> An interesting copyright trial has just ended.<br /> A New York daily paper, the World, printed,<br /> before its official use, the ode written by Miss<br /> Harriet Monroe, of Chicago, for the dedication of<br /> the World’s Fair buildings, two years ago. The<br /> purloined version contained typographical errors,<br /> which the author claimed had injured her in<br /> purse and reputation. In his charge the judge<br /> told the jury that little pecuniary damage had<br /> been proved, but added that punitive damages<br /> might be awarded if the defendant had been<br /> guilty of disregard of property rights. The<br /> verdict of the jury fixed the damages at £IOOO.<br /> As Miss Monroe received £200 from the World’s<br /> Fair Commissioners for her ode, she will have<br /> gained £1200 by one brief occasional poem.<br /> We are often said to be a book-buying nation,<br /> and it is evidence in favour of this assertion that<br /> nearly 100,000 copies of “Trilby’’ have been sold<br /> in less than ten weeks. So enormous has been<br /> the demand for Mr. Du Maurier&#039;s book that the<br /> Harper&#039;s Christmas publishing has been greatly<br /> retarded by the fact that they have been obliged<br /> to keep thirteen presses on “Trilby’’ alone. A<br /> sale like that indicates that “Trilby’’ has con-<br /> quered not only the regular reading class and<br /> the broad general public, but also the absolutely<br /> unliterary public. A gentleman on the train the<br /> other day overheard a girl talking to three young<br /> men. “Oh I have you read “Trilby ?’” she<br /> asked one of the men. He admitted that he had<br /> not, whereupon the young woman declared that.<br /> it was “just too lovely.” Who wrote it?” in-<br /> quired the second man. “Well,” the girl replied,<br /> “it’s translated from the French of a man named<br /> Moriar, and it&#039;s illustrated by a man named<br /> * 5 y<br /> Whistler. HALLETT ROBINSON.<br /> *- ~&quot;<br /> -* w wºrs<br /> PHILIP GILBERT HAMERTON.<br /> A PERSONAL REMINISCENCE.<br /> By Mr. Justice ConDí, WILLIAMs (of Mauritius).<br /> N spite of the blinds and the persiennes, the<br /> I afternoon September sun streamed into<br /> that little café at Autun, where we sat<br /> drinking bocks, and playing dominoes, and<br /> jabbering as only Frenchmen mostly jabber. g<br /> The ever watchful patron bustled up to me,<br /> and said, mysteriously—“See that gentleman<br /> who has just entered? He is a compatriot of<br /> yours.” There, at a table by himself, sat a<br /> brown-bearded, middle-aged man, looking cer-<br /> tainly, except for the flowing ends of his necktie,<br /> not one bit like a Frenchman.<br /> As the witty dean said, “One doesn’t go abroad<br /> to meet one’s compatriots.” As a rule, to tell the<br /> honest truth without affectation, I generally, for<br /> divers reasons, give mine a wide berth, But<br /> there was a wise and kindly look about this<br /> man&#039;s bronze and honest face, and withal a<br /> humorous twinkle in his eye as he calmly<br /> surveyed his noisy surroundings, which urged me<br /> to take the other place opposite to him at his<br /> small round table. So, when our game was over,<br /> I consoled my little Louise with a Monde Illustré<br /> and a groseille, and went and sat there.<br /> Of course, I knew the “Portfolio,” and Mr.<br /> Hamerton, by name, but I had forgotten that he<br /> lived in France, and near Autun; if, indeed,<br /> anybody had ever told me so. .<br /> However, the ice once broken, and it was very<br /> easily broken, we proved to have many friends<br /> and many sympathies in common ; and, although<br /> ten years my senior, he seemed to take quite a<br /> paternal interest in me when he heard that, at<br /> five-and-twenty years of age, I had become the<br /> editor of a daily newspaper in England.<br /> Next day I walked three miles out of Autun, to<br /> his pretty country place to breakfast, and made<br /> the acquaintance of his charming family—his<br /> wife, a French lady, two bi-lingual sons, and a<br /> little daughter. Afterwards we talked for a long<br /> time in his small study, or studio—literature and<br /> art equally well represented upon its bookshelves<br /> and in their surroundings. Had I understood<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 187 (#201) ############################################<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> 187<br /> more about etching and lithography, I should have<br /> been more deeply interested. But never was a<br /> more modest and less egotistical man than Philip<br /> Gilbert Hamerton, And seeing that newspapers<br /> and books mainly interested me, he talked little<br /> save of newspapers and books. But before we<br /> parted he placed in my hands, as a souvenir, an<br /> early copy (in the Tauchnitz edition) of “Mar-<br /> morne,” just then on the point of publication.<br /> As I grasped his hand I looked up to the wooded<br /> hills of Le Morvan, which formed a sombre back-<br /> ground to his cheerful country villa.<br /> “It must be lonely, here, in the winter P”<br /> “Yes,” he said “but what does that signify P<br /> I am always occupied.”<br /> “Any wolves or wild boars about P’’<br /> “There are some,” he replied, and laughed at<br /> a reminiscence. “One frosty moonlight night<br /> last January, I went out to lock the stable, and<br /> met a lean, grisly wolf, face to face, just upon the<br /> threshold of this door. We seemed both very<br /> vastly astonished, and we both drew back a pace<br /> or two involuntarily. Then I said to the wolf, on<br /> the impulse of the moment: What on earth are<br /> you doing here? Perhaps it was being addressed<br /> in English that frightened him, I don&#039;t know ;<br /> but without taking further notice of my query, he<br /> turned round and walked slowly away.”<br /> #: $: :}; $: $: $:<br /> Note that at same café at Autun, some fourteen<br /> years later, an Englishman entered just as two<br /> or three tradesmen, habitués of the place, were<br /> taking their post-prandial gloria,<br /> “Monsieur has doubtless come to inspect the<br /> antiquities?” volunteered one of them, after the<br /> pause which, in a small community, often follows<br /> the sudden entrance of a strange newcomer.<br /> “No ;” I said to the patron —not the same<br /> patron as of yore—“but, before I venture as far<br /> as the Maison du pré, I would ask you for news of<br /> Monsieur Hamerton.” 4.<br /> There was quite an excitement in the place.<br /> Hamerton, with his quiet sympathetic ways, a<br /> long resident, a distinguished Anglais, yet the<br /> husband of a Frenchwoman, was a popular man<br /> in Autun and all round it. Who else could have<br /> survived, scathless and untouched, as he did<br /> survive, all the jealous suspicion, and even overt<br /> antagonism, which were visited upon nearly every<br /> other Englishman living in provincial France<br /> during the closing months of the Franco-German<br /> struggle P<br /> “Ah ! it was most unfortunate. Monsieur had<br /> no luck. He had sustained a malheur epou-<br /> vantable, Monsieur &#039;Amerton (they never could<br /> manage that H), so respected as he was, and<br /> after so long a residence in the partage, had left<br /> that very day finally for Paris.” And it was a<br /> rather remarkable thing that, after so long an<br /> absence, having corresponded with my friend at<br /> very rare intervals, I should have dropped down<br /> upon Autun on the very eve of his final depar-<br /> ture. He had not actually gone—but his family<br /> and his furniture had, as I learned from good<br /> Monsieur Thomasset, of the Hotel des Negociants<br /> —and he himself was staying with a friend. I<br /> would not disturb him—I left a card for him, and<br /> on I sped to Santenoy to “assist” still older<br /> friends at their Burgundy autumn vintage. A<br /> telegram from Hamerton brought me back to<br /> Autun next day. Would I come and spend his<br /> last Autun night with him at Thomasset&#039;s<br /> interesting hotel, where you are escorted up to<br /> your bedroom walking over the gravestones of<br /> monks and abbots P Of course I went, and am<br /> thankful that I went. And a long, long talk we<br /> had over that extra bottle of Chambertin, de<br /> omnibus rebus et quibusdam aliis. He had had<br /> his share of misfortune, and sad misfor-<br /> tune. One of the two bright boys I had met<br /> at his table years before, a youth of high<br /> intelligence and promise, and Professor of<br /> English at a Lycée, had put an end to his life at<br /> his rooms in Paris, leaving behind him no sort of<br /> clue as to the why and the wherefore. So we were<br /> led to talk of the great mysteries of Life and<br /> Death—about matters concerning which men of<br /> middle age do not often open their hearts one to<br /> another. Later, when sauntering forth to the<br /> café, we drifted to more material subjects, and I<br /> spoke of his long career as poet, painter, and<br /> author. I remember that he said, not bitterly,<br /> but with a touch of mournfulness, after some<br /> remark of mine about the knighthood that certain<br /> distinguished English writers surely ought to<br /> have been offered, that he himself was weak<br /> enough to feel some touch of regret that he, whose<br /> work was the English work of an Englishman,<br /> could only, when the occasion demanded his<br /> wearing it, stand before the world the possessor<br /> of a French decoration for his services to art and<br /> to literature.<br /> He removed from Autun (the Augustodonum<br /> of the Romans) to Boulogne et Seine in Paris,<br /> and a friend of his in England was the recipient<br /> of his appreciative acknowledgment of these lines<br /> addressed to Hamerton in his new Parisian home :<br /> The Seine to Saone gives greeting ! O&#039;er the sea<br /> I pen Lwtetia&#039;s welcome home to thee;<br /> And, with the wish, would fain the hand extend,<br /> Word-painter, picture-painter, poet, friend<br /> What though her vine leaves seared by autumn&#039;s blast,<br /> Awgwstodomºwm weeps her glories past—<br /> Though, “round the house ’’ thy graceful pen portrays,<br /> Fond mem&#039;ries linger of departed days P<br /> The city’s joy outweighs the country’s pain–<br /> Awgustodomwm&#039;s loss is fair Lwtetia&#039;s gain!<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 188 (#202) ############################################<br /> <br /> I88<br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> And the other day—not thirty days ago—the<br /> same friend received from him a warm letter of<br /> welcome on returning to England after many<br /> years of judicial work abroad. He wrote cheer-<br /> fully, yet spoke of illness, of diagnosis by a Paris<br /> doctor of “hypertrophy of the heart,” and of the<br /> necessity of “following a regimen for the rest of<br /> my days.” Not for long. In a fortnight he was<br /> dead,<br /> A_*— * -<br /> _*. s—º<br /> a------5 -<br /> BOOK TALK.<br /> HE REW. CANON CHARLES D. BELL,<br /> D.D., rector of Cheltenham, has produced<br /> a new volume of verses, called “Diana&#039;s<br /> Looking Glass, and other Poems.” Canon Bell’s<br /> verses are always, to use the words of one of his<br /> critics, “sweet and wholesome.” After the low level<br /> in which we are plunged by some of our younger<br /> poets, it is pleasant to stand once more upon the<br /> heights and to feel that there are higher levels,<br /> and still higher, to be reached.<br /> times the natural note of sadness, there is never<br /> despair. Let the poet speak for himself.<br /> Come let us wake sweet Echo with a song.<br /> Here she lies sleeping, waiting for our voice,<br /> So call her loudly with a courteous tongue,<br /> That coming forth she may with us rejoice.<br /> For Morning walks in beauty o&#039;er the dale,<br /> And Night&#039;s bright glories &#039;fore her splendours pale.<br /> Nymph of the hills, awake, awake<br /> Melodious answer to us make.<br /> What shall we sing to please the maiden shy,<br /> And lure her from the secret solitude,<br /> In which she dwells, withdrawn from every eye,<br /> Amid the deep recesses of the wood<br /> In whose green boughs is heard the joyous lay<br /> Of merry birds that greet the dawn of day P<br /> Echo, sweet Echo, hear no strain,<br /> Thy voice is bliss ; thy silence pain.<br /> Or shall we sing of love P. How Corydon,<br /> The shepherd boy, the fair Althea woo&#039;d,<br /> How beauteous Thyrsis fair Nerissa won,<br /> Or fleet Alpheus Arethusa pursued,<br /> Or Cynthia stooped from heaven with look of love,<br /> While slept Endymion in the Latmian grove.<br /> Hark, comrades, hark with such a theme<br /> Steal softly on the dreamer&#039;s dream.<br /> “A Swatch o&#039; Homespun,” by Agnes Marchbank<br /> (Edinburgh, R. W. Hunter), is a little story of a<br /> weaver in a Scotch village. The writer should be<br /> able to do better than this with study and work.<br /> Meantime she is working with good materials,<br /> and in the true spirit.<br /> “Tales of Famous Men” is the title of a series<br /> of papers which Mr. Joseph Hatton is writing for<br /> the Idler. They will be of a reminiscent cha-<br /> racter, with plenty of anecdote to justify the<br /> general title; and Mr. W. H. Margetson will<br /> If there is some-<br /> illustrate them. Mr. Hatton’s new novel, which<br /> is running in the weekly press of the old world<br /> and the new, will be published in March by<br /> Messrs. Hutchinson, who have already sold four<br /> editions of this author&#039;s latest book, “Under the<br /> Great Seal.” Mr. Hutchinson told a St. James’s<br /> Budget interviewer recently that his first great<br /> success as a publisher was with Mr. Hatton&#039;s<br /> “By Order of the Czar,” which is now in its<br /> fifteenth edition.<br /> Mr. Walter Wren has had to inform the<br /> secretary that a person is going about pretending<br /> that he is a relative of Mr. Wren, and that he is<br /> a member of the Incorporated Society of Authors.<br /> There is no member of the society named Wren.<br /> “Maud Marian, Artist” (Religious Tract<br /> Society), is a very pleasing and delicately written<br /> story by Eglanton Thorne, author of the “Old<br /> Worcester Jug,” &amp;c., &amp;c. The scene is laid at<br /> Rome. It is a book written and chiefly intended<br /> for girls.<br /> “Cavaliers and Roundheads in Barbados,” by<br /> N. Darnell Davis (Argosy Press, Georgetown,<br /> British Guiana), is a chapter in colonial history<br /> that was well worth the trouble of writing. The<br /> early history of Barbados is practically unknown<br /> to us. For instance, had it been known, a<br /> hundred years ago, that the right to be taxed<br /> only by their own representatives was recognised<br /> in the case of Barbados in 1652, it would not have<br /> refused to the Americans in the year 1770. There<br /> would have been no Declaration of Independence<br /> and no war.<br /> Frank Stockton&#039;s new book, called “Pomona, ’’<br /> (Cassell), went through the first edition in<br /> advance of publication.<br /> Boys, and those who make Christmas presents<br /> to boys, are here with invited to make a note of<br /> Max Pemberton&#039;s book of adventure, “The Sea.<br /> Wolves.”<br /> “The Highway of Sorrow,” by Hesba Stretton,<br /> and * * * is a work to be noted either for buy-<br /> ing or borrowing, and certainly for reading.<br /> A second edition of Mrs. Oliphant’s new novel<br /> “Who was Lost and is Found” (Blackwood<br /> and Sons) is announced.<br /> In Mr. Fairman Ordish’s “Early London<br /> Theatres &#039;&#039; (Elliot Stock) we have a work of<br /> original and patient research. It is worthy of a<br /> long article in the Quarterly Review. The<br /> author has made himself the sole authority for<br /> the future on the subject of the earliest theatres<br /> of London.<br /> The Navy Records Society have in preparation<br /> a second volume of State Papers relating to the<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 189 (#203) ############################################<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> 189<br /> Spanish Armada; they will next publish a volume<br /> of Naval Accounts of the Fifteenth Century.<br /> Mr. W. M. Conway has in preparation an<br /> account of the walk which he made last year from<br /> end to end of the Alps.<br /> Miss Frances Wood sends some extremely<br /> pretty Christmas cards. They are reproductions<br /> from Raphael, with verses under each. They are<br /> published by Messrs. Carr and Mason, Brunswick<br /> Works, Leamington.<br /> Mr. W. H. Besant, F.R.S., D.Sc., has in the<br /> press the ninth edition of his “Geometrical<br /> Conics,” and, as a supplement, his “Solutions of<br /> the Examples in the Geometrical Conics.”<br /> Certainly one of the most beautiful books of<br /> the season is Archdeacon Farrar’s “Life of<br /> Christ as Represented in Art.” It is illustrated<br /> by a long catena of early Christian symbols,<br /> mediaeval figures, pictures of the great masters,<br /> and by the painters of our own day, some of<br /> whom will perhaps be called great masters five<br /> hundred years hence. It is a book which should<br /> command a wide and immediate success. The<br /> publishers are Messrs. A. and C. Black.<br /> Readers are requested to make a note of<br /> “Robert Southey,” by John Dennis (Messrs.<br /> Bell.)<br /> Four biographies from one publisher (Edward<br /> Arnold). The first is “Alphonse Daudet,” by<br /> Robert Sherard; the others are Augustus Hare&#039;s<br /> “Maria Edgeworth,” Dean Hole’s “Memories,”<br /> and the Memoirs of Sir John Macdonald, by his<br /> Private Secretary.<br /> “The Memorials of St. James&#039;s Palace,” by<br /> Edgar Sheppard (Longmans), in two volumes, is<br /> really a splendid work. It is rather dear, but<br /> what is 36s. to one who loves his London P<br /> Another book for a student of the Great City<br /> is “London and the Kingdom,” by Reginald R.<br /> Sharpe, D.C.L. Dr. Sharpe is Records Clerk in<br /> the office of the Town Clerk of the City. The<br /> book is written from personal investigation of<br /> the City archives. It is a book for historians<br /> rather than itself a history.<br /> The second volume of Dr. Traill’s “Social<br /> England’’ is now ready. One is pleased to read<br /> that the book has already gone into a second<br /> edition.<br /> In translating Professor Errera’s “Russian<br /> Jews,” Miss Bella Löwy has executed a task<br /> of love. The book is an appeal for civilised<br /> treatment, fervid in its facts, which are startling,<br /> and convincing in its arguments, which are self-<br /> restrained in temper. One does not realise<br /> until the map is laid open how very small a<br /> space of the vast Russian Empire is open to the<br /> Jew for residence. He may live in Little Russia,<br /> West Russia, and South Russia; altogether over<br /> an area, very thinly populated, of one thousand<br /> miles in length by three hundred in breadth. In<br /> these pages one may read a story of persecution<br /> and oppression without parallel even in the<br /> Middle Ages. But there are charges brought<br /> against the Jews. They are moneylenders.<br /> “Yes,” replies Professor Errera in effect, “ some<br /> of them, no doubt. But four-fifths of them have<br /> no money to lend; and, besides, they are more<br /> honest than the Christian moneylender.” They<br /> sell spirits. They were made to do so. The<br /> nobles manufactured the spirit; the Jew was<br /> told to sell it. They are tricky in business.<br /> Their persecutions have made them so. And so<br /> on. The book is published by David Nutt,<br /> Strand.<br /> Professor Brander Matthews sends his new<br /> book, “Wignettes of Manhattan.” If for the<br /> pictures of New York alone, it would be a<br /> desirable volume. As a study for a stranger<br /> in New York manners, with their little differences<br /> compared with our own, the book is equally<br /> desirable. Perhaps, however, most desirable for<br /> the short stories and sketches which it contains.<br /> There is a most exciting story of a fire. There is<br /> the sketch of the broken-down man and his last<br /> dinner at Delmonico&#039;s ; and there is a visit to the<br /> slums, which is admirably done. There are more,<br /> but these will do.<br /> Here is a dainty little volume (Roxburghe<br /> Press, 3, Victoria-street, Westminster), dainty<br /> binding, dainty print, dainty paper—all to set off<br /> the translation by Julia Preston, of “The Moun-<br /> tain Lake, by the late Fredrich von Bodinstedt,”<br /> whose portrait is presented as a frontispiece.<br /> Von Bodinstedt is not widely known in this<br /> country. Indeed, of late years a strange indiffe-<br /> rence to German belles and lettres and poetry<br /> seems to have fallen upon us. The attempt of<br /> Miss Julia Preston to make a poet of meditation<br /> rather than action, and of emotion rather than<br /> passion better known, deserves encouragement.<br /> Her versification is simple and generally graceful.<br /> Here, for instance, is a little thing :<br /> When the Gates of Paradise wide open stand,<br /> Some pious souls for their reward drew near ;<br /> And a mingled multitude from every land<br /> IBow humbly down in hope, in doubt, or fear.<br /> I only of all the waiting sinners there,<br /> Shall at those portals without fear abide ;<br /> Long since on earth by thee, my Angel Fair,<br /> The Gates of Paradise were opened wide.<br /> “A Bread and Butter Miss,” by George<br /> Paston, author of “A Modern Amazon&#039;&#039; (Osgood,<br /> M“Ilvaine, and Co.), is a one-volume story, a<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 190 (#204) ############################################<br /> <br /> I 90<br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> simple, pretty little story of a girl going to stay<br /> at a country house for the first time in her life,<br /> and her adventures there.<br /> “Three Generations of English Women,” by<br /> Janet Ross, tells the story of Susannah Taylor,<br /> Sarah Austin, and Tady Duff Gordon. This is a<br /> new and revised edition. Susannah Taylor was<br /> the wife of John Taylor, one of that remarkable<br /> family which has produced so many men<br /> and women distinguished for literary and<br /> scientific ability. Mrs. Austin, her daughter, was<br /> married to a man who began life in the army and<br /> became a lawyer. His health, however, decayed.<br /> and he retired from active life. Lucie, his only<br /> child, married Sir Alexander Duff Gordon. All<br /> three ladies were as lovely as they were accom-<br /> plished. The book principally consists of letters,<br /> as delightful as letters can be.<br /> Another little book of verses and translations<br /> —this time by William E. A. Axon. (The<br /> Ancoats Skylark. John Heywood, London and<br /> Manchester.) Here is a specimen. The French<br /> words are a folk-song current in Franche Comte.<br /> Ma pauvre enfant,<br /> Qui es dessous la terre ;<br /> Ma pauvre enfant,<br /> Soulève done ta pierre.<br /> Chère maman,<br /> Donnez m&#039;y ma chemise;<br /> Chère maman<br /> IBien fort Souffle la bise.<br /> Ma pauvre enfant,<br /> Je n&#039;ai pas la puissance,<br /> Ma pauvre enfant<br /> A toi toujours je pense.<br /> Chère maman,<br /> J&#039;ai les deux mains gelées;<br /> Chère maman,<br /> Fit la langue sechée.<br /> Ma pauvre enfant,<br /> J&#039;irai dessous la terre,<br /> Tout pres de toi<br /> Pour rechauffer la pierre.<br /> A string of sonnets on the death of a child.<br /> They are sonnets which are worth attention. The<br /> book is called “A Little Child’s Wreath.” If<br /> the treatment is suggested by “In Memoriam,”<br /> the form is different. The sonnets are of some-<br /> what unequal merit. The following, it will be<br /> seen, has the true ring:<br /> A quiet southern day; a quiet sea<br /> That scarcely breaks along the level sands.<br /> An ecstasy of little children&#039;s glee :<br /> A weight of grief that no one understands.<br /> My poor child,<br /> In thy grave alone;<br /> My poor child,<br /> Iłaise up thy stone.<br /> Oh! mother dear,<br /> I want my coat of green.<br /> Oh! mother dear,<br /> The wind whistles keen.<br /> My poor child,<br /> I have not the power ;<br /> My poor child,<br /> I think of thee each hour.<br /> Oh! mother dear,<br /> My hands are icy cold ;<br /> Oh! mother dear,<br /> So stiff they will not fold.<br /> My poor child,<br /> We will not live apart ;<br /> I&#039;ll creep into thy grave<br /> And warm thee on my heart.<br /> Slow moving sails with curves of grace complete<br /> As ever beauty-loving pencil drew ;<br /> A ceaseless play of pretty hands and feet;<br /> A want for ever deep, for ever new.<br /> Peace on the teeming earth, goodwill and peace<br /> In the clear blue and floating cloudlets white;<br /> Crownéd the land with joy of her increase,<br /> Crushed my desire and vanished my delight.<br /> A seabird said, “I know, I know the pain,<br /> He will not see the summer tide again.”<br /> Mr. John B. Mackie, Fellow of the Institute of<br /> Journalists, who writes from the North-Eastern<br /> Daily Gazette, Middlesbrough, has written a<br /> book called “Modern Journalism : a Handbook<br /> for the Young Journalist.” There is plenty of<br /> room for such a book at the present moment, when<br /> the rush into journalism is opening it to the most<br /> desperate competition. The first result, one fears,<br /> will be a lowering of salaries and pay; the next<br /> step, however, will be the establishment of new<br /> papers in every direction; thirdly, the competi-<br /> tion of proprietors will run up salaries again for<br /> the best men. Mr. Mackie&#039;s book takes a man<br /> into every branch of a newspaper—shorthand<br /> writing, reporting, sub-editing, leader writing, and<br /> editing. It seems a most complete book; it is<br /> certainly one which every young journalist should<br /> study till he has it by heart. Above all, let him<br /> read, mark, and learn what is said as to silence<br /> concerning the internal machinery of the paper,<br /> and what is said, and very well said, as to the<br /> power and the responsibilities of the Press.<br /> Mr. John A. Steuart&#039;s new novel, “In the Day<br /> of Battle &#039;&#039; (three vols., Sampson Iow, Marston,<br /> and Co.), belongs to the school of the older<br /> romance. But the tale of battle has an interest<br /> that never palls, and there are few whose pulse<br /> will not beat quicker as they read of the doughty<br /> deeds of the long lost Donald Gordon, who is<br /> discovered in the disguise of a Bedouin freelance.<br /> Mr. Steuart has succeeded in giving his tale an<br /> almost breathless realism ; and if it is success to<br /> drive his reader on from page to page until one<br /> reaches the last he has certainly succeeded. From<br /> beginning to end the interest never flags, and that<br /> is saying much. His plot, perhaps, is not very<br /> strong nor very novel, but it serves merely as the<br /> hinge on which to hang a succession of curdling<br /> adventures dear to the heart of all boys and<br /> ImOst men.<br /> Mr. F. B. Doveton&#039;s new volume of verse is<br /> now ready.<br /> e- * *-*.<br /> CORRESPONDENCE.<br /> I.—THE LAUREATESHIP.<br /> AM very glad to see that you have taken up<br /> the question of the failure of the Government<br /> to appoint a Poet Laureate. It is now nearly<br /> two years since the vacancy occurred, and surely<br /> it behoves all authors, whether poets or not, to<br /> prevent this single recognition of literature by<br /> the State being abandoned if they can prevent it.<br /> If chaplains or physicians to the Queen were to<br /> cease to be appointed, would not the discontent<br /> of the clergy and the doctors make itself felt P<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 191 (#205) ############################################<br /> <br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> I9 I<br /> The salary is only £75 a year. It does not<br /> matter a penny postage to any of us except the<br /> person appointed, upon whom the choice of the<br /> Queen may fall; but I say that it is a slight to<br /> all of us that no appointment should be made.<br /> Nov. 19. A PROSE WRITER.<br /> II.-SPLITTING INFINITIVES.<br /> There is a point in connection with composition<br /> on which your advice might be of essential<br /> service to young writers. I wrote a book—<br /> the name of which I give for your private<br /> information—that was favourably reviewed by<br /> various papers, and very properly slated by a cer-<br /> tain critic; the unforgivable error I had com-<br /> mitted being the splitting of infinitives. But,<br /> discussing this matter with a literary friend, I<br /> inquired whether it was allowable ever to split a<br /> verb at all; the reply being promptly in the<br /> negative. I accepted this dictum, and proposed<br /> to myself an earnest study of the writings of our<br /> great masters, so that I might improve my own<br /> defective style. For it occurred to me, and it<br /> may have occurred to others, that it is often very<br /> difficult to give the proper sense to a sentence, by<br /> a too rigid and pedantic adherence to what, for<br /> all I know to the contrary, may be a very sound<br /> rule. I have, however, given up my proposed<br /> search, for by the merest chance I came across, in<br /> the Standard of the 7th inst., a letter from Mr.<br /> Froude to Dr. Fischer, of Armagh, dated the 5th<br /> May, 1882.<br /> Certainly Mr. Froude nowhere splits his infini-<br /> tives; but the accompanying extracts from that<br /> letter show that Mr. Froude was in the habit of<br /> repeatedly splitting his other tenses. The italics<br /> are my own, and are inserted merely to mark<br /> where it would seem to me that the infractions of<br /> an accepted rule have occurred:—“Your book<br /> which you have so kindly sent me,” &amp;c.—“I have<br /> only to tell you,” &amp;c.—“ and will, by and bye, be<br /> universally accepted,” &amp;c.—“ which he was all<br /> his life insisting on,” &amp;c.—“that he alone in the<br /> British empire saw,” &amp;c.<br /> Thus in a letter of thirty-four printed lines,<br /> the great historian five times splits his verbs.<br /> The question then is, whether this practice is or<br /> is not permissible?—Your obedient servant,<br /> 1588.<br /> III.-CRITICAL AND EDITORIAL AMENITIES.<br /> The editor has, I fancy, rather misunderstood<br /> my drift in my letter on “Editorial Amenities,”<br /> in last Author. (1) I complained of the lack of<br /> common courtesy in no eaglanation being given of<br /> the change of front. (2) I did not want reasons.<br /> I only wished to know the fate of MSS. (4) I<br /> did not expect the critic to change his opinion,<br /> but I reckoned on his having generosity enough<br /> to be glad his verdict was falsified in re the<br /> Fairy Tale, and to tell me so. (5) An editor<br /> who professed to value highly his contributor—<br /> as was the case here—would have been compli-<br /> mented by being asked for a review by him.<br /> Resentment seems absurd. Toes it not P<br /> AN AUTHOR.<br /> *— - ~&quot;<br /> ,-- - -<br /> NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS,<br /> Theology.<br /> ANGLICAN PULPIT LIBRARY. Sermons, Outlines, and<br /> Illustrations for the Sundays and Holy Days of the<br /> Year ; Original and selected. In 6 vols. Vol. I.,<br /> Advent to Christmastide. Hodder and Stoughton.<br /> I 58.<br /> AsHLEY, JoBN M. Cogitationes Concionales, being 216<br /> short Sermon Reflections, founded upon the “Summa<br /> Theologica, ’’ of S. Thomas Aquinas. In 12 monthly<br /> parts. Part I., paper covers. Hodges. IS. net.<br /> BRUCE, ALExANDER. B. St. Paul’s Conception of<br /> Christianity. Edinburgh : T. and T. Clark. 7s. 6d.<br /> CHURCHILL, REv. STUART. Christ as a Citizen. A<br /> Sermon. Baines and Scarsbrook. Paper covers, 2d.<br /> DAVIDSON, RANDALL, T. A Charge delivered to the<br /> Clergy of the Diocese of Rochester, October, 1894.<br /> Paper boards. Macmillan.<br /> ExELL, REv. Josh PH S. The Biblical Illustrator. Romans.<br /> Two vols. Nisbet. 7s.6d. each.<br /> GooDHEART, C. A. Advent Thoughts on the Lord’s<br /> Prayer. S.P.C.K. 6d.<br /> GOULBURN, E. M. Thoughts on Passages of Holy Scrip-<br /> ture. J. Parker.<br /> GREGORY, REv. S. Among the Roses: and other Sermons<br /> to Children. W.M.S.S.A. 3s. 6d.<br /> HUGHEs, REv. Hugh PRICE. Essential Christianity : a<br /> Series of Explanatory Sermons. Isbister. 3s. 6d.<br /> KEMPIs, THOMAs A. Meditations on the Life of Christ.<br /> Third edition. With the original preface by the late<br /> Rev. S. Kettlewell. Oxford and London : Parker. 5s.<br /> LIDDON, H. P. Clerical Life and Work: a Collection of<br /> Sermons, with an Essay. Longmans. 58.<br /> MALDONATUs, JoBN. A Commentary on the Holy Gospels:<br /> St. Matthew’s Gospel. Translated and edited from the<br /> original Latin by George J. Davie. Part VI. Hodges,<br /> Paper covers, Is. net.<br /> MATHESON, REv. GEORGE. Searchings in the Silence, a<br /> Series of Devotional Meditations. Cassell. 3s. 6d.<br /> MoRRIs, FATHER JOHN. Journals kept during times of<br /> Retreat. Selected and edited by Father J. H. Pollen.<br /> Burns and Oates. 6s.<br /> MoxLY, REv. J. H. S. What Bible Truth is according to<br /> the S.P.C.K.—A Protest. Tivington, Percival. Paper<br /> Covers, Is.<br /> NICOLL, REv. RoPERTson. Ten-Minute Sermons. Isbister. .<br /> 3s. 6d.<br /> OxFORD CHURCH-LESSONS BIBLE FOR THE LECTERN, con-<br /> taining the Old and New Testaments with the Books of<br /> the Apocrypha, marked throughout as appointed to be<br /> read in Churches. Oxford, University Press. English<br /> royal 4to., 36s. to subscribers.<br /> PULPIT COMMENTARY, edited by the Very Rev. H. D. M.<br /> Spence and by the Rev. Joseph S. Exell. Wol. I.,<br /> St. Matthew. 2 Is.<br /> <br /> <br /> ## p. 192 (#206) ############################################<br /> <br /> 192<br /> THE AUTHOR.<br /> RELIGION IN Common LIFE : A Course of Sermons<br /> Delivered at St. Martin’s-in-the-Fields by Warious<br /> IPreachers. Elliot Stock.<br /> ROCK, DR. DANIEL. The Hierurgia ; or, the Holy Sacrifice<br /> of the Mass. With Notes and Dissertations. New and<br /> revised edition, edited by W. H. James Weale. Parts<br /> III. and IV. John Hodges. 2s. net.<br /> SACRED Books of THE OLD TESTAMENT. A Critical Edi-<br /> tion of the Hebrew Text, printed in colours, with notes,<br /> prepared under the editorial direction of Paul Hempt.<br /> Part VIII., The Books of Samuel, by K. Budde (6s. 6d.);<br /> Part III., The Book of Leviticus, by S. K. Driver and<br /> H. A. White (2s. 6d.). Nutt.<br /> SHARPE, REv. JoHN. The Student&#039;s Handbook to the<br /> Psalms. Eyre and Spottiswoode.<br /> STUBBs, C. W., D.D. Christus Imperator, a Series of Lec-<br /> ture-Sermons on the Universal Empire of Christianity.<br /> Edited by. Macmillan. 6s.<br /> SwºTE, HENRY B. The Old Testament in Greek, according<br /> to the Septuagint. Edited by. Vol. III.-Hosea to 4<br /> Maccabees. Cambridge University Press. 7s. 6d.<br /> WERITIES of RELIGION ; Twelve Sermons. By J. Hamil-<br /> ton Thom, R. A. Armstrong, and others. Philip Green.<br /> Is. 6d.<br /> History and Biography,<br /> ANDERSON, JEssIE A. Lewis Morrison-Grant : His Life,<br /> Letters, and Last Poems. Edited by. Alex. Gardner.<br /> BAIN, R. NISBET. Gustavus III. and his Contemporaries<br /> (1746-1762), an Overlooked Chapter of Eighteenth Cen-<br /> tury History, from original documents. 2 vols. Kegan<br /> IPaul.<br /> BALDRY, A. Lys. Albert Moore, His Life and Works.<br /> Illustrated with photogravure and other plates. Bell.<br /> Super royal, 4to., 33 3s. ; crown folio, with plates on<br /> India paper, 385 5s. net.<br /> BEALE, MRS. C. H. Catherine Hutton and her Friends.<br /> Edited by her cousin. Birmingham : Cornish Brothers.<br /> 8s. net to subscribers.<br /> Bow ER, H. M. The Fourteen of Meaux, from Crespin, and<br /> various other authorities. Illustrated. Longmans. 68.<br /> BRONTE, CHARLOTTE. I.ife and Works. Smith, Elder.<br /> 7 vols., set in cloth case. I2s. 6d.<br /> BURKE, FATHER THOMAs. The Inner Life of.<br /> Dominican Friar. Burns and Oates. 28.<br /> CAMPBELL, CoLIN F. 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