| 322 | https://historysoa.com/items/show/322 | The Author, Vol. 09 Issue 06 (November 1898) | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%3Cem%3EThe+Author%3C%2Fem%3E%2C+Vol.+09+Issue+06+%28November+1898%29"><em>The Author</em>, Vol. 09 Issue 06 (November 1898)</a> | | | <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101063829988" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101063829988</a> | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Publication">Publication</a> | 1898-11-01-The-Author-9-6 | | | | | 125–148 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=89&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=9">9</a> | | | | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=76&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1898-11-01">1898-11-01</a> | | | | | | | 6 | | | 18981101 | XL he H u t b o r,<br />
(The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.)<br />
CONDUCTED BY WALTER BESANT.<br />
Vol. IX.—No. 6.] NOVEMBER i, 1898. [Price Sixpence.<br />
For the Opinions expressed in papers that are<br />
signed or initialled the Authors alone are<br />
responsible. None of the papers or para-<br />
graphs must be taken as expressing the<br />
collective opinions of the Committee unless<br />
they are officially signed by G. Herbert<br />
Thring, Sec.<br />
THE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all<br />
remittances are acknowledged by retnrn of post, and<br />
requests that all members not receiving an answer to<br />
important communications within two days will write to him<br />
without delay. All remittances should be crossed Union<br />
Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered<br />
letter only.<br />
Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on<br />
all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub-<br />
joots whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are<br />
returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS.<br />
GENERAL MEMORANDA.<br />
FOB some years it has been the praotioe to insert, in<br />
every number of The Author, certain " General Con-<br />
siderations," Warnings, Notices, &o., for the guidance<br />
of the reader. It has been objected as regards these<br />
warnings that the tricks or frauds against which they are<br />
directed cannot all be guarded against, for obvious reasons.<br />
It is, however, well that they should be borne in mind, and<br />
if any publisher refuses a clause of precaution he simply<br />
reveals his true character, and should be left to oarry on<br />
his business in his own way.<br />
Let us, however, draw up a few of the rules to be<br />
observed in an agreement. There are three methods of<br />
dealing with literary property:—<br />
I. That of selling it outright.<br />
This is in some respects the most satisfactory, if a proper<br />
price can be obtained. But the transaction should be<br />
managed by a competent agent.<br />
II. A profit-sharing agreement.<br />
In this case the following rules should be attended to:<br />
(1.) Not to sign any agreement in which the cost of pro-<br />
duction forms a part.<br />
(2.) Not to give the publisher the power of putting the<br />
profits into his own pocket by charging for advertisements<br />
in his own organs: or by charging exchange advertise-<br />
ments.<br />
(3.) Not to allow a special charge for " office expenses,"<br />
unless the same allowance is made to the author.<br />
(4.) Not to give up American, Colonial, or Continental<br />
rights.<br />
(5.) Not to give up serial or translation rights.<br />
(6.) Not to bind yourself for future work to any publisher.<br />
As well bind yourself for the future to any one solicitor or<br />
doctor I<br />
(7.) To stamp the agreement.<br />
III. The royalty system.<br />
In this system, which has opened the door to a most<br />
amazing amount of overreaching and trading on the<br />
author's ignorance, it is above all things necessary to know<br />
what the proposed royalty means to both rides. It is now<br />
possible for an author to ascertain approximately and very<br />
nearly the truth. From time to time the very important<br />
figures connected with royalties are published in The Author.<br />
Readers can also work out the figures themselves from the<br />
"Cost of Production." Let no one, not even the youngest<br />
writer, sign a royalty agreement without finding out what<br />
it gives the publisher as well as himself.<br />
It has been objected that these precautions presuppose a<br />
great success for the book, and that very few books indeed<br />
attain to this great success. That is quite true : but there is<br />
always this uncertainty of literary property that, although<br />
the works of a great many authors carry with them no risk<br />
at all, and although of a great many it is known within a few<br />
copies what will be their minimum circulation, it is not<br />
known what will be their maximum. Therefore every<br />
author, for every book, should arrange on the chance of a<br />
success which will not, probably, come at all; but which<br />
may come.<br />
The four points which the Society has always demanded<br />
from the outset are:—<br />
(1.) That both sides shall know what an agreement<br />
means.<br />
(2.) The inspection of those account books which belong<br />
to the author. We are advised that this is a right, in the<br />
nature of a oommon law right, which cannot be denied or<br />
withheld.<br />
(3.) That there shall be no secret profits.<br />
(4.) That nothing shall be charged which has not been<br />
actually paid—for instance, that there shall be no charge for<br />
advertisements in the publisher's own organs and none for<br />
exchanged advertisements, and that all discounts shall be<br />
duly entered.<br />
If these points are carefully looked after, the author may<br />
rest pretty well assured that he is in right hands. At the<br />
same time he will do well to send his agreement to the<br />
seoretary before he signs it.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 126 (#138) ############################################<br />
<br />
i26 THE AUTHOR.<br />
HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY.<br />
i. LI VERY member has a right to ask for and to receive<br />
ITi advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub-<br />
lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his<br />
business or the administration of his property. If the advioe<br />
sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member<br />
has a right to an opinion from the Society's solicitors. If the<br />
case is such that Counsel's opinion is desirable, the Com-<br />
mittee will obtain for him Counsel's opinion. All this<br />
without any cost to the member.<br />
2. Remember that questions connected with copyright<br />
and publisher's agreements do not generally fall within the<br />
experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple<br />
to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually<br />
engaged upon such questions for us.<br />
3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past<br />
accounts with the loan of the books represented. This is in<br />
order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree-<br />
ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively<br />
so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any<br />
agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor-<br />
mation thus obtained may prove invaluable.<br />
4. If the examination of your previous business trans-<br />
actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should<br />
take advice as to a change of publishers.<br />
5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro-<br />
posed document to the Society for examination.<br />
6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in<br />
the oase of fraudnlent houses—the tricks of every publish-<br />
ing firm in the oountry.<br />
7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you<br />
are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are<br />
reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing<br />
the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen-<br />
dence of the writer.<br />
8. Send to the Editor of The Author notes of every-<br />
thing important to literature that you may hear or meet<br />
with.<br />
9. The Committee have now arranged for the reception of<br />
members' agreements and their preservation in a fireproof<br />
safe. The agreements will, of coarse, be regarded as con-<br />
fidential documents to be read only by the Secretary, who<br />
will keep the key of the safe. The Sooiety now offers:—(1)<br />
To read and advise npon agreements and publishers. (2) To<br />
stamp agreements in readiness for a possible action upon<br />
them. (3) To keep agreements. (4) To enforce payments<br />
due according to agreements.<br />
Communications for The Author should reach the Editor<br />
not later than the 21st of each month.<br />
All persons engaged in literary work of any kind,<br />
whether members of the Society or not, are invited to<br />
communicate to the Editor any points oonnected with their<br />
work which it would be advisable in the general interest to<br />
publish.<br />
Members and others who wish their MSS. read are<br />
requested not to send them to the Offioe without previously<br />
communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable<br />
despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in<br />
which they are received. It must also be distinctly under-<br />
stood that the Society does not, under any circumstances,<br />
undertake the publication of MSS.<br />
The present location of the Authors' Club is at 3, White-<br />
hall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Seoretary for<br />
information, rules of admission, Ac.<br />
Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they<br />
have paid their subscriptions for the year? If they will do<br />
this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker's<br />
order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the<br />
trouble of sending out a reminder<br />
Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the<br />
following warning. It is a most foolish and may be a<br />
most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding<br />
for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they<br />
would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for<br />
five years to come, whatever his conduct, whether ho<br />
was honest or dishonest? Of course they would not.<br />
Why then hesitate for a moment when they are asked to-<br />
sign themselves into literary bondage for three or five<br />
years?<br />
"Those who possess the 'Cost of Production' are<br />
requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15<br />
per cent." This clause was inserted three or four years ago.<br />
Estimates have, however, reoently been obtained which show<br />
that the figures in the book may be relied on as nearly<br />
oorrect: as near as is possible.<br />
Some remarks have been made npon the amount charged<br />
in the " Cost of Production" for advertising. Of course, we<br />
have not included any sums which may be charged for<br />
inserting advertisements in the publisher's own magazines,<br />
or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too<br />
often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from<br />
sweeping the whole profits of a book into hia own pocket,<br />
by inserting any number of advertisements in his own<br />
magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are<br />
who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those<br />
who practise this method of a welling their own profits call it<br />
NOTICES.<br />
THE Editor of The Author begs to remind members of the<br />
Society that, although the paper is sent to them free<br />
of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very<br />
heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great<br />
many members did not forward to the Seoretary the modest<br />
08. 6d. subscription for the year.<br />
The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and<br />
communications on all subjects connected with literature<br />
from members and others. Nothing can do more good to<br />
the Society than to make The Author complete, attractive,<br />
and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this<br />
work send their names and the special subjects on which<br />
they are willing to write?<br />
THE AUTHORS' CLUB.<br />
ri^HE Directors have the pleasure to inform<br />
I the members of the Authors' Society that<br />
the new lease of the club premises has now<br />
been settled, and that the additional rooms will<br />
shortly be opened.<br />
One obstacle to the prosperous development of<br />
the club has been the comparatively limited<br />
accommodation offered to members, and com-<br />
plaints have been put forward from time to time<br />
that it was impossible, for that reason, for<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 127 (#139) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
127<br />
members to ask their friends to join. The new<br />
large coffee room will give increased facilities for<br />
dining, and the directors expect to see an<br />
accession of new members to the club. They<br />
feel assured, after the very cordial expression of<br />
goodwill at the last general meeting, that in<br />
taking over the new rooms they have adopted a<br />
course which will receive the hearty support of<br />
all the members, and which will be to the advan-<br />
tage of the club.<br />
G. Herbert Theing, Secretary.<br />
LITERARY PROPERTY.<br />
I. —A County Couet Decision.—Spicer v.<br />
Nutt.<br />
ON the 17th Oct., in the Westminster County<br />
Court, Judge Lumley Smith, Q.C., and a<br />
jury heard the case of Spicer v. Nutt, an<br />
action brought by an Oxford clergyman against<br />
a Strand publisher and bookseller, to recover<br />
.£41 is. Sd., profits on the sale of a book called<br />
"The Baba Log."<br />
The defendant claimed £21 is. Sd. as a set-off,<br />
and paid £20 into court.<br />
The Rev. J. M. Macdonald, a missionary in<br />
India, wrote the book, a work for children in<br />
British India, and got the Rev. Mr. Spicer to<br />
have it published. The plaintiff agreed to pay<br />
Mr. Nutt. He did so for some editions, and<br />
guaranteed to pay for any further editions Mr.<br />
Macdonald ordered. Mr. Macdonald had a cor-<br />
respondence with Mr. Nutt as to publishing a<br />
cheaper edition for use in schools in India as a<br />
text-book, and ordered eventually 500 copies as a<br />
school edition. The plaintiff refused to pay the<br />
loss on that edition, £21 is. Sd., as he only, he<br />
said, guaranteed to pay for further editions of the<br />
book as he saw it—the higher priced edition.<br />
The defendant contended that the school edition<br />
was precisely the same except the binding, and was<br />
practically the same book.<br />
The jury found for the plaintiff for the amount<br />
claimed, and judgment was given accordingly with<br />
costs.—Daily Graphic.<br />
II. —Copyright in Holland and Germany.<br />
The following, which we quote from our con-<br />
temporary Das Jiecht der Feder, a German organ<br />
for the protection of copyright, is probably of<br />
greater interest to English authors than the<br />
majority of them suspect. Not everyone has<br />
noticed in how many Dutch newspapers the<br />
feuilleton is a translation of an English novel.<br />
The Netherlands Union for the Advancement<br />
of the Bookselling Trade has, at its general<br />
meeting, decided, by a majority of eighty-one to<br />
forty, to take no steps in favour of the adhesion<br />
of Holland to the Berne Union. Herr A. J.<br />
Robbeen, a partisan of adhesion to the Union,<br />
divides the opponents of that step into three<br />
classes:<br />
1. A few small printer-publishers who procure<br />
translations of foreign novels, and print them to<br />
keep their presses going. The cost of production<br />
being inconsiderable, the smallest sales produce<br />
some profit.<br />
2. Editors of newspapers who wish to procure<br />
feuilletons at starvation prices.<br />
3. Theatrical speculators.<br />
On the contrary—so Herr Robbeen asserts—<br />
all Dutch authors, all the great publishers, and<br />
all the educated public are in favour of adhesion.<br />
This opinion of his is hardly supported by the<br />
fact that a number of Dutch statesmen and<br />
jurists have always declared themselves to be<br />
opponents of international copyright. Amongst<br />
these Dr. J. D. Veergens has, in his writings,<br />
expressed the following opinions:<br />
"I consider the exploded doctrine of so-called<br />
intellectual property to be absolutely untenable.<br />
"Translation is not piracy, but original work.<br />
"An idea as soon as it is expressed is public<br />
property.<br />
"Holland has not joined the Berne Union,<br />
first of all, because, in the interests of the<br />
community, the Government was indisposed<br />
to sacrifice the fundamental liberty of transla-<br />
tion.<br />
"To this liberty Holland must hold fast."<br />
From these and some other principles of equity<br />
adduced by Dr. Veergens, Dr. Robbeen deduces<br />
the conclusion that, "according to Veergens,<br />
copyright exists only in consequence of legal<br />
enactment. Were there no legislation on the<br />
subject there would be no right."<br />
Dr. J. A. Levy, a former deputy, seconds Dr.<br />
Veergens by saying: "Thought is the highest<br />
expression of the intellectual faculty of man.<br />
Thought exists in order to be disseminated. Only<br />
dissemination can make it fruitful. In conse-<br />
quence, any hindrance of its dissemination is an<br />
unpardonable crime against the evolution of<br />
humanity. For this reason no one any longer<br />
speaks of literary property as a legal right. . .<br />
One respects the rights of authors. But transla-<br />
tion forms no part of an author's rights. . . .<br />
The translator works in his own sphere of thought,<br />
in his own world of imagination. Into that<br />
sphere the original author does not enter: the<br />
translator is absolute master. By what pretence,<br />
by what shadow of right, can the translator's<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 128 (#140) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
intellectual labour be denied the quality of origi-<br />
nality? No two translations are alike."<br />
Das Recht der Feder remarks on these charm-<br />
ing statements: "That the liberty defended by<br />
these gentlemen is that of the highwayman has<br />
entirely escaped their observation. And are the<br />
highest nights of imagination those which they<br />
have been so desirous to reproduce? Certainly<br />
not. Only his own interests make the translator<br />
a thief. The foulest pamphlet that delights the<br />
herd is by far more precious to him than the most<br />
important intellectual work, which pleases only a<br />
few cultivated people. The former brings in, the<br />
latter costs, money. Culture that takes money<br />
out of his pocket? Not if he knows it! Multa-<br />
tuli was right. There is a robber State between<br />
East Friesland and the Scheldt. When will the<br />
Dutch open their eyes to the fact that the protec-<br />
tion of the rights of foreign authors is the best<br />
protection of national production?"<br />
The German Union of Authors ("Schrifts-<br />
teller Verband") on the occasion of the annual<br />
general meeting at Wiesbaden, in September,<br />
turned its attention to the proposed revision of<br />
the copyright law of the German Empire, and<br />
passed several important resolutions :—<br />
1. That this meeting expresses its satisfaction<br />
at the prospect of a revision of the law.<br />
2. That the meeting trusts that before the<br />
projected law is placed in the statute-book it<br />
may be submitted for public criticism.<br />
3. That the union shall appoint a commission<br />
to determine (after making general inquiries<br />
ainongst authors) what are the particular points<br />
which should be taken into consideration by the<br />
new legislation, and to lay the results of its in-<br />
quiries before the Legislature.<br />
On the motion of Herr M. Hilde brand four<br />
general propositions respecting the lines which<br />
the new Legislature should take were also passed,<br />
the second and fourth not without opposition :—<br />
1. The passing of a single enactment, replacing<br />
the imperial laws of June 11, 1870, and Jan. 9,<br />
1876.<br />
2. Protection of copyright irrespective of the<br />
nationality of the author or original locality of<br />
publication.<br />
3. Reproduction of newspaper articles to be<br />
piracy—if for pecuniary advantage, or in order to<br />
avoid the expense of procuring independent<br />
'information.<br />
4. A tax—to be applied to benevolent insti-<br />
tutions for authors — to be imposed upon all<br />
works of which the copyright has lapsed.<br />
In defence of his second proposition, Herr<br />
Hildebrand pleaded that making a distinction<br />
between authors of different nationalities pro-<br />
duces in the mind of the public a confusion of<br />
ideas respecting the nature of literary property.<br />
In a civilised State, such as the German Empire,<br />
a man ought not to be robbed because he happens<br />
to be a Roumanian or a Greek.<br />
Translation of an Article Reprinted from<br />
"Hannover schen Courier" in "Das Recht der<br />
Feder" No. 143, October 2, 1898, p. 156.<br />
We may express the hope that it [the revision<br />
of the German Copyright Law] will not result in<br />
a mere recension intended to amend certain par-<br />
ticulars in which the law of 1870 has been left<br />
behind by subsequent international conventions,<br />
but that the Government may show itself disposed<br />
to favour more advanced wishes. For some time<br />
past a tendency that certainly deserves respect,<br />
has existed in the German literary world, or at<br />
least in that section of it which concerns itself<br />
about these copyright questions that so closely<br />
affect literary men—it is much to be regretted<br />
that more great names do not belong to that<br />
section of the literary world. On this subject a<br />
correspondent writes to us:<br />
"Discerning authors have already availed them-<br />
selves of the opportunity of discussing the revision<br />
of the law at congresses. Our present copyright<br />
law protects only the German author from un-<br />
authorised reproduction. Foreign authors are<br />
protected only in so far as conventions exist with<br />
their respective States. Literary works produced<br />
in States with which we have no such conventions<br />
(for example Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Greece,<br />
Turkey, and many others) can be translated or<br />
reproduced amongst us without restrictions, and<br />
vice versd. The wishes of literary circles, so far<br />
as these have been expressed, now go so far as to<br />
desire that the new law should protect all intel-<br />
lectual productions from translation, reproduction,<br />
dramatisation, performance, &c., irrespective of<br />
the country in which the author lives. This pro-<br />
posal at first sight appears to result from taking<br />
a purely idealistic point of view. The Russian<br />
author will be protected in Germany, and the<br />
German author will be absolutely unprotected in<br />
Russia. Nevertheless, solid realities lie at the base<br />
of the proposal. When we protect the foreign<br />
author from being taken advantage of, we compel<br />
the German publisher who desires to bring out a<br />
foreign work to come to terms with the author.<br />
The publisher will have to pay the author and<br />
the translator, and, in consequence, the foreign<br />
work will be made more expensive; for example,<br />
the foreign novel, which at present plays so im-<br />
portant a rile in our newspapers and elsewhere.<br />
Under these circumstances only those foreign<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 129 (#141) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
works will be translated upon which it is worth<br />
while to spend some money. The German author<br />
will be liberated from the base competition of bad<br />
translations of foreign mediocre works which are<br />
practically mere poor imitations either of our own<br />
or of French literature; and German intellectual<br />
labour will consequently increase in both material<br />
and ideal value, seeing that the German author,<br />
liberated from the meanest competition, will be<br />
able to emancipate himself from anenervating over-<br />
production. The proof of the correctness of this<br />
view is at hand. France has had a law of this<br />
sort—ein solches Gesetz, but this statement seems<br />
to require qualification—since 1852, and French<br />
literature and French authors stand in the highest<br />
estimation. Supposing that a few journalistic<br />
pirates, in Russia or Holland or elsewhere, wrest<br />
foreign literary productions to their own advan-<br />
tage, they do so at the cost of the development of<br />
their own literature, which cannot but be a gain<br />
to us. It is to be anticipated also that this view<br />
may be taken by the representatives of our<br />
Government; for example. Privy Councillor<br />
Reichard, of the Foreign Office—I am unable to<br />
find the name of Reichard in the books of<br />
reference at my disposal—on one occasion re-<br />
marked at a conference on international negotia-<br />
tions, 'Only the nation which has a strong copy-<br />
right law can possess a literature.'"<br />
The opinions here expressed certainly contain<br />
much that is to the point. On the other hand, it<br />
is not possible at once to set aside the considera-<br />
tion that by this one-sided protection of literary<br />
work we may be surrendering a weapon that might<br />
compel foreign States to abstain from pirating<br />
German literature.<br />
Revision of the German Copyright Law.<br />
Herr Hildebrand, president of the Deutscher<br />
Schriftsteller Genossenschaft, in his excellent<br />
journal, Das Recht der Feder, is making strong<br />
protests against the constitution of the commis-<br />
sion of experts entrusted with the preliminary<br />
consultations respecting the very important pro-<br />
ject of the revision of the German imperial<br />
copyright law. "Nine publishers, but not a<br />
single literary celebrity!" he exclaims, and not<br />
without reason. Associated with the names of<br />
imperial officials and legal authorities we find<br />
those of Brockhaus, Mulbrecht, and Voigtlander,<br />
of the musical booksellers Birkmeyer, Bock,<br />
Strecher, also of Engelhorn (President of the<br />
German booksellers' Borsenverein) and of Von<br />
Hase (President of the Musical Booksellers'<br />
Society). But literature is represented by Herr<br />
Hildebrand himself alone, whilst, to quote his own<br />
words, " the name of no single author of celebrity<br />
vol.. rx.<br />
appears on the list." He adds modestly: "That<br />
the honourable enterprise of defending the rights<br />
of authors against the interests of publishers<br />
should have been left to me alone, appears to me<br />
by n'o means a satisfactory arrangement." Mean-<br />
while the protests of some of the trade journals<br />
against his large-minded views of copyright draw<br />
from him the strong remark " that certain pub-<br />
lishers should be alarmed at the prospect of being<br />
compelled to earn their bread honestly, and of<br />
being prevented from stealing, is quite compre-<br />
hensible." And in conclusion he adds: "What<br />
the interests of authors are must be learned from<br />
authors, not from their publishers," in which we<br />
entirely agree with him<br />
III.—The Pall Mall on Mr. Victor Spiees.<br />
"There is a long letter in The Author this month<br />
from Mr. Victor Spiers which raises an interesting<br />
point in the relation between the publisher and the<br />
writer of books. . . . Mr. Spiers has taken<br />
to issuing his books through a distributing agent,<br />
as, it appears, Miss Braddon does also, and his<br />
reason for recommending that method is practi-<br />
cally this: that you should not trust any man in<br />
the dark. Suppose one publishes a book on the<br />
royalty system; the publisher after a due period<br />
says that so many copies have been sold and pays<br />
accordingly. But, says Mr. Spiers, how do you<br />
know how many copies have been sold? You<br />
rely on the publisher's bare word, and that is<br />
not businesslike. Mr. Spiers proposes as an<br />
amendment to this practice that the printer<br />
should take his orders from the publisher and the<br />
author jointly, and should render his account to<br />
both. But every publishing house would refuse<br />
to accept such a clause in an agreement, and<br />
would regard the proposal as a slur upon its<br />
integrity. That is, of course, the case; and I think<br />
that there is a good deal to be said against the<br />
attitude adopted by publishers in this matter.<br />
For, even if it be granted that nine publishers out<br />
of ten are to be trusted implicitly, there is always<br />
the tenth man to consider. If A., B., C, and D.,<br />
whom I can trust blindfolded, do not want to<br />
publish my book, how can I go to E. and say:<br />
'The arrangement which I should be willing to<br />
accept with A., B., C, or D., implies more confi-<br />
dence in the publisher than I should be willing<br />
to extend to you'? Thus the action of the<br />
trustworthy houses throws temptation in the way<br />
of those who are less honest. And it must be<br />
remembered that publishers have no control over<br />
members of their trade. A solicitor who has<br />
defrauded his client may be struck off the rolls,<br />
but a publisher cannot be. What Mr. Sp<br />
calls ' the large, old and respected houses' would<br />
P<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 130 (#142) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
have probably everything to gain by accepting<br />
'a legal examination of accounts.' Once the<br />
point was conceded in theory not one author in<br />
twenty would care to pay the expenses of such an<br />
inquiry."—Pall Mall Gazette, Oct. 8.<br />
Mr. Victor Spiers has sent a second letter to<br />
the Pall Mall Gazette. It contains a statement<br />
of the greatest interest:<br />
In my first letter I suggested a simpler alternative than<br />
a legal audit of accounts : it was merely that into the agree-<br />
ment should be inserted a clause to the effect that the<br />
printer should print only upon receipt of an order bearing<br />
the joint signature of author and publisher. Some of your<br />
many readers may be interested to hear that a large Paris<br />
house actually gives these very terms in its contracts; at<br />
any rate, I have just heard that they have been given to<br />
one author, who moreover has the stereos under his oontrol,<br />
and actually has in his possession a few plates of one of<br />
bis books. Nor is it likely that he is the only one thus<br />
privileged. The general adoption of this clause would do<br />
away with the unpleasant feeling that undoubtedly exists in<br />
the minds of most authors, and that, undoubtedly again,<br />
should not be permitted to exist in the relations between<br />
honourable men.<br />
Suspicion ought not to exist in the relations<br />
between honourable men. That is true. It is<br />
impossible to exist between honourable men.<br />
But when we have two sides, one of whom, like<br />
Mr. Spiers, demands nothing but honesty and the<br />
ordinary proofs of honesty, and the other side<br />
absolutely refuses these proofs, on which side<br />
does honour lie? Let us remember that in the<br />
famous " draft agreements'' there is not one word of<br />
concession. Why, even the charge for advertise-<br />
ments not paid for is left without a word of<br />
remonstrance! .<br />
IV.—A Question of Eight.<br />
In the number of the Publishers' Circular<br />
dated Oct. 8 a letter appeared, signed "A<br />
Publisher." The writer begins with the usual<br />
petty spitefulness about this Society. It appears<br />
that we are not "representative." He then pro-<br />
ceeds to state certain considerations, especially<br />
that when cases are submitted to the Publishers'<br />
Association or the Authors' Society, neither of<br />
these bodies is pledged to secrecy. "Has either<br />
publisher or author the right of referring a dis-<br />
pute, including communication of all documents<br />
bearing upon it, to the Publishers' Association or<br />
to the Society of Authors without first obtaining<br />
the consent of the other party; and, if he does so,<br />
will an action for damages lie?"<br />
His question in effect is: "Has an author or a<br />
publisher the legal right of making public to his<br />
association the terms of any dispute and the com-<br />
munication of all documents bearing upon it?"<br />
I write from the author's point of view.<br />
An author has a certain property. He employs<br />
an agent to administer that property on certain<br />
terms. He subsequently has a dispute with that<br />
agent. J£ he thinks it desirable he can refer the<br />
dispute, with all papers concerning it, to any<br />
person. In the case of referring it to the<br />
Authors' Society he refers it to them as an Asso-<br />
ciation which can be of valuable assistance in<br />
defending him and his property. The same<br />
remark would apply where the author sells the<br />
copyright or his property outright to the pub-<br />
lisher. Apart from this broad principle, how-<br />
ever, an author refers to the Secretary of the<br />
Society in the first instance as to a solicitor, and<br />
receives advice from the Secretary as from a<br />
solicitor, the Secretary holding all such communi-<br />
cations in confidence. If, subsequently, owing to<br />
the dispute not being satisfactorily settled, the<br />
author desires the matter referred to the Com-<br />
mittee, it is still treated in confidence as far as<br />
the Committee are concerned. The author, how-<br />
ever, has the right of putting his statement of<br />
facts before anyone he may choose, whether the<br />
Secretary of the Society, the Committee, or the<br />
public.<br />
The writer states as follows: "It is obvious<br />
that neither body can be regarded naturally as an<br />
arbitration tribunal." Such a remark is wholly<br />
unnecessary, though in some cases, with the con-<br />
sent of both parties, it might be advantageous to<br />
accept the Authors' Society or their authorised<br />
representative as an arbitrator. In three cases<br />
that came before the Secretary last year when<br />
matters were in dispute between author and pub-<br />
lisher, and the issue was one that could be best<br />
settled by arbitration, the publisher accepted the<br />
settlement of the case on the basis proposed by<br />
the Secretary and the Society's solicitors. That<br />
such should be the case speaks very favourably<br />
for the Society's fairness in cases of dispute and<br />
to a recognition of the fact that while the Society<br />
exists for its members it does not entertain any<br />
desire to injure other people. The main gist of<br />
the question, however, appears to be that the<br />
"Publisher," whoever he may be, strongly<br />
objects to have his own practices or those of his<br />
brothers in trade made public. Q-. H. T.<br />
V.—CONTKIBUTIONS TO MAGAZINES.<br />
(From the Law Journal, by permission.)<br />
Section 18 of the Copyright Act of 1842<br />
(5 & 6 Vict. c. 45) provides that, when the<br />
proprietor or conductor of an encyclopaedia,<br />
magazine, review, or periodical or serial work,<br />
employs persons to compose articles, essays,<br />
poems, or any portion of such works, the copy-<br />
right of the articles, essays, &c., shall vest in such<br />
proprietor or conductor, provided that the articles<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 131 (#143) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
»3i<br />
were composed " on the terms that the copyright<br />
shall belong to such proprietor," &c., and have<br />
actually been paid for, and subject to a right on<br />
the part of the composer to publish his composi-<br />
tions in a separate form at the expiration of<br />
twenty-eight years from the date of their first<br />
appearance in the encyclopaedia, magazine, or<br />
other work. Tor some years after the passing of<br />
the Act it was a disputed question what was the<br />
precise meaning of the words "on the terms that<br />
the copyright shall belong to such proprietor,"<br />
<fec. Was it sufficient to show that there had<br />
actually been payment for an article in order to<br />
vest the copyright in it in the proprietor of the<br />
magazine in which it appeared? Must there<br />
have been an express agreement that the copy-<br />
right should pass from the author to the pro-<br />
prietor, or could a transfer be implied from<br />
circumstances? In Sweet v. Benning (24 Law<br />
J. Eep. C. P. 175; 16 C. B. 459) the Court of<br />
Common Pleas held that the transfer of copyright<br />
to the magazine proprietor might take place by<br />
implication, as well as by express agreement.<br />
"Where," said Chief Justice Jervis (24 Law J.<br />
Eep. C. P. 179; 16 C. B. 480), "the proprietor<br />
of a periodical employs a gentleman to write a<br />
given article or a series of articles or reports,<br />
expressly for the purpose of publication therein,<br />
of necessity it is implied that the copyright of<br />
the articles so expressly written for such periodical<br />
and paid for by the proprietors and publishers<br />
thereof, shall be the property of such proprietors<br />
and publishers; otherwise, it might be that the<br />
author might, the day after his article has been<br />
published by the persons for whom he contracted to<br />
write it, republish it in a separate form, or in<br />
another serial, and there would be no corres-<br />
pondent benefit to the original publishers for<br />
the payment they had made." But the impli-<br />
cation does not arise from the mere fact that<br />
payment has been made for the article ( Walter<br />
v. Howe, 50 Law J. Rep. Chanc. 621; L. R.<br />
17 Chanc. Div.). The copyright was in the first<br />
instance in the author, and it remains in him<br />
except in so far as he can be shown to have<br />
parted with it {Hereford v. Griffin, 17 Law J.<br />
Rep. Chanc. 210; 16 Sim. 190; Smith v. John-<br />
son, 33 Law J. Rep. Chanc. 137; 4 Giff. 632).<br />
Under the existing law, therefore, the offer of<br />
an article to the proprietors of a periodical will<br />
not carry copyright even upon payment, if the<br />
article has not actually been written in pursu-<br />
ance of a previous arrangement, express or<br />
implied. The section, in fact, is only applicable<br />
when the author, before commencing to write,<br />
has entered into an agreement with the maga-<br />
zine proprietor in express terms, or in terms<br />
which may be implied to have existed through<br />
VOL. IX.<br />
the subsequent action, relations, or behaviour of<br />
the parties.<br />
The two bills recently before Parliament, intro-<br />
duced by Lords Herschell and Monkswell, made<br />
the following proposals as to this class of litera-<br />
ture. Unlike the Act of 1842, which treated<br />
encyclopaedias and magazines in precisely the same<br />
way, the present bills divide them into two classes<br />
consisting of (1) encyclopaedias, dictionaries, and<br />
similar collective works; (2) magazines, reviews,<br />
and other periodicals.<br />
In the first class the copyright in contributions<br />
will belong to the owner of the compilation dur-<br />
ing the entire period for which copyright will<br />
exist, and he or his assigns will be the only<br />
persons entitled to take action in case of an<br />
infringement. If the author wishes to reserve<br />
copyright to himself, he must enter into a special<br />
written agreement to that effect. It is obvious<br />
that this is a more favourable arrangement for<br />
proprietors of collective works than exists in the<br />
present state of the law, when at the latest, con-<br />
tributors to such works are entitled to republish<br />
their contributions in separate form at the end of<br />
twenty years.<br />
In the second class the copyright in contribu-<br />
tions will remain in the authors; but, provided<br />
that payment has been made by the owner of the<br />
magazine, &c., to which they are contributed, the<br />
authors will not be at liberty to republish their<br />
contributions in a separate form until the expira-<br />
tion of three years from the date when they first<br />
appeared (or three years from the end of the<br />
year in which they first appeared, as Lord<br />
Herschell's Bill proposes). Authors are, how-<br />
ever, at liberty to register their contributions at<br />
Stationers' Hall as separate publications imme-<br />
diately on their appearance, and can then claim<br />
damages for infringement of copyright although<br />
the three years have not elapsed. As under the<br />
existing law, the magazine proprieters will have<br />
the sole right of publication in their magazines<br />
(but not otherwise) during the entire subsistence<br />
of the copyright. Here, again, the proprietors<br />
will be somewhat more favourably placed than at<br />
present, because they will be legally entitled to<br />
prevent separate publication on the author's part<br />
for the specified period of three years, whereas<br />
the only check that at present exists upon<br />
separate publication by an author on the day<br />
after his article has appeared in a magazine is, in<br />
the absence of a special stipulation, the im-<br />
probability that he would see his signature at the<br />
foot of any further contributions in the same<br />
magazine. With most contributors this would,<br />
no doubt, be a sufficiently powerful incentive to<br />
refrain from any unfair dealing, but the new<br />
proposal places the rights of the various parties<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 132 (#144) ############################################<br />
<br />
132<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
on a clearer and more settled basis than at<br />
present, and is therefore desirable from every<br />
point of view.<br />
Under existing conditions it is not an unusual<br />
course among authors, when submitting their<br />
contributions for an editor's approval, to notify<br />
their desire to reserve the copyright. As the law<br />
stands, this would appear to be a work of supere-<br />
rogation, but what will be necessary when the<br />
provisions of these bills become law will be a<br />
notification that the contributor desires to reserve<br />
the right of republication before the statutory<br />
three years, if such is the case. Probably, how-<br />
ever, the majority of contributors will not object<br />
to the practical relinquishment of their copyright<br />
for a period which does not seem to be unreason-<br />
ably long to duly safeguard the interests of the<br />
owners of periodicals.<br />
VI.—The Question of Overs.<br />
This point has been raised before. It was<br />
brought before the notice of the Secretary for the<br />
first time by receiving a publisher's account, in<br />
which the author was credited with the " overs."<br />
In three editions of a thousand each they made a<br />
considerable difference in the sum due to him.<br />
Now it must be remarked that this is the only<br />
account ever received at the office in which the<br />
"overs " were so much as mentioned. If a pub-<br />
lisher is asked about them, he says that they are<br />
not worth mentioning, or that there are no<br />
"overs," or that the "overs" were used up to<br />
complete imperfect copies. He might, however,<br />
just as well say that two or three copies, or two or<br />
three dozen copies, are not worth mentioning.<br />
Now, a certain authority states that publishers<br />
expect from 5 to 10 per cent. of " overs." This<br />
seems to mean that, on an edition of 1000, there<br />
are fifty to 100 "overs," which seems too many.<br />
On this subject some exact information is greatly<br />
to be desired. If "overs" mean anything like<br />
fifty in a thousand, then a monstrous system of<br />
fraud has been practised, so far with absolute<br />
impunity.<br />
THE INTERNATIONAL PRESS CONGRESS<br />
AT LISBON.<br />
THREE years have elapsed since I had the<br />
pleasure of writing upon the International<br />
Press Congress in The Author. In Nov.,<br />
1895,1 described the work done at Bordeaux,<br />
where a goodly gathering of English were present;<br />
but since then, owing to the action of the<br />
Institute of Journalists, the English have taken<br />
no part in this international work for the better-<br />
ing of journalists. But this year, thanks to the<br />
establishment of the "British International<br />
Association of Journalists," with Miss G. B.<br />
Stuart as the energetic secretary, and Mr. P. W.<br />
Clayden as president, again English journalists<br />
have had a voice at this important congress.<br />
The meeting at Lisbon promised to be an<br />
important and interesting one, and those of us<br />
who were in Holland for the Queen's enthrone-<br />
ment felt, perhaps, more than others the care of<br />
the combined Dutch and Congress committees,<br />
for we were pleasantly sent direct, on a well-found<br />
Dutch East Indiaman, to Lisbon, where we were<br />
received in state by the ex-Minister of Marine of<br />
Portugal.<br />
In this fascinating capital we met 396<br />
journalists of eighteen nationalities, the French<br />
predominating in numbers, and we soon found<br />
the local committee had indeed done everything<br />
for the "congressites." The blue "Carnet"<br />
with the "Ordre du Jour," "Emploi du<br />
Temps " we quickly found was a passe-partout in<br />
Lisbon.<br />
The solemn inauguration on Monday, the 26th<br />
Sept., was a short but important ceremony,<br />
H.M. the King of Portugal presiding, with the<br />
Queen and Dom Alphonso Infanta on either hand,<br />
the members of the Corps Diplomatique and the<br />
Municipality of Lisbon ranging round their<br />
Majesties.<br />
The Great Hall of the Geographical Society<br />
(the whole building being given over as a<br />
club to the congressites) was filled with a<br />
brilliant gathering of Portuguese, and when<br />
M. Singer, the president of the Congress, rose<br />
to give his opening address, the scene was im-<br />
pressive.<br />
The King replied in a happy impromtu,<br />
referring to the fact that he had just presided at a<br />
medical congress,a gathering of those who cared for<br />
the body, whilst before him were those who cared<br />
for and healed the mind. The cheers at the end<br />
of the King's speech in every European tongue<br />
were very cordial.<br />
The English secured seats in the front at the<br />
gangway, and near them were the Dutch, Scandi-<br />
navian, and Polish contingents; the Germans<br />
this year numbered thirty, Professor Koch, of<br />
Heidelberg, presiding on the third day.<br />
International Telegraphic Tariffs.<br />
On Tuesday, at the first session, Mr. P. W.<br />
Clayden was elected to the Central Bureau as<br />
the English representative, and took his seat<br />
on the platform after the reading of the secre-<br />
tary's and treasurer's reports. The very im-<br />
portant matter of international telegraphic tariffs<br />
was brought forward by M. de Beraza, of Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 133 (#145) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
i33<br />
For four years the Central Bureau, with M.<br />
Beraza, has been working for a reduction iu the<br />
tariff for international Press telegrams, and have<br />
succeeded so far, that a convention has been<br />
signed between France and Spain, and an arrange-<br />
ment has been entered into between France and<br />
Luxembourg. Other countries have been loth to<br />
take the matter up. England was disposed to<br />
accept an arrangement, and asked for further<br />
information, and later on was inclined to agree<br />
to a reduced tax during the night. A brisk<br />
discussion arose on this report, the speakers<br />
being Dr. Israel and M. Elont, of Holland;<br />
M. Constant, of France; and S. Beraza, of<br />
Spain; the writer hereof causing some amuse-<br />
ment by pointing out that the telegraphic Press<br />
rate to England was only 400 reis for 100<br />
words, at the same time urging that the English<br />
suggestion of a reduction during the night be<br />
accepted as a step in advance. Finally it was<br />
agreed that the committee of direction should<br />
carry on their negotiations with the various<br />
countries.<br />
A little diversion was caused during this debate<br />
by an English member demanding that, as in<br />
all international congresses, the question to be<br />
voted upon, and any amendments, or rdsumd<br />
of any important speech, should be given in<br />
English and German, if spoken in French. The<br />
President (M. Singer) added his weight to this<br />
suggestion, and it was agreed to, but only in one<br />
or two cases acted upon.<br />
The subject of an International Bureau for<br />
Journalists was then brought forward by M.<br />
Torelli-Viollier and M. Janzon. This bureau is<br />
already at work, 431 journalists being inscribed<br />
upon its roll; so that any editor can know at<br />
once whom to apply to all over Europe for news,<br />
upon any important event happening where he<br />
has no correspondent.<br />
. This ended the work of the first session, and in<br />
the afternoon the "congressites" betook them-<br />
selves by special train to that paradise Southey<br />
has rapturously described—Cintra. The Moorish<br />
palace of the King on its rocky height, with the<br />
vast, glorious views of piled volcanic crag,<br />
vintaged plain, and olive and palmed-clothed<br />
vales, were long lingered over; but an al fresco<br />
lunch in the grounds below, and some of the<br />
vintage of the district, transformed sedate profes-<br />
sors and aged journalists into jovial schoolboys<br />
decorated with palms, and feathers, and flowers,<br />
trophies of the feast. In the cool of the evening<br />
the wondrously beautiful tropical gardens and<br />
park of Monserrat were visited; and the drive<br />
back beneath the soft light of the full moon,<br />
beneath the arching trees, was a most delightful<br />
experience.<br />
The Reproduction op Articles.<br />
At 9.30 on the next morning, with a full house,<br />
the stormy question of the "Right of Reproduc-<br />
tion of Political Articles " was introduced by M.<br />
Albert Bataille. At Stockholm, in 1897, the<br />
copyright of telegrams had been sustained, but,<br />
in the interest of a free propaganda of ideas, this<br />
question had been reserved for the Lisbon<br />
Congress. M. Bataille's report was well worked<br />
out, and gave rise to a most animated discussion.<br />
Personally, I was much interested in this debate,<br />
for on Jan. 15, 1891, at a meeting of the<br />
Society of Authors, Sir F. Pollock in the chair,<br />
I brought up the question of " Copyright in Lite-<br />
rary Style in News Notes "; and in the Law<br />
Journal of Jan. 24 Mr. J. M. Lely wrote a leader-<br />
ette upon the subject. Here, from the report,<br />
the thing I had spoken for seven years ago was<br />
within measurable distance of becoming inter-<br />
national law. M. Bataille urged that no article<br />
should be printed without the consent of the author<br />
or the journal, but this was combated strongly<br />
by MM. Waalwijk and Elont, of Holland; and<br />
a brilliant passage of arms occurred between M.<br />
Constant and M. Bataille. I ventured to claim<br />
copyright, not only for political and other articles,<br />
but also for " notes," as so much journalism now<br />
consists of "notes." Finally, after a warm dis-<br />
cussion that never descended into chaos, as did<br />
the discussion on this knotty question in Bor-<br />
deaux, it was unanimously voted: "That, as far<br />
as concerns the reproduction of articles, treating<br />
of political, religious, economical, and social sub-<br />
jects, the right of citation is recognised in the<br />
superior interest of free discussion; but, in all<br />
cases, the journal reproducing must quote the<br />
name of the author and the journal from which<br />
the article is taken." Mr. Warden, the secretary<br />
to the English section, pointed out that few<br />
English articles were signed, but the word<br />
"author" was introduced into the motion, as, of<br />
course, foreign articles are so usually signed.<br />
The whole matter will now be prepared for the<br />
Diplomatic Conference at Berlin, in 1901—that is,<br />
preparatory to the completion of the Berne Con-<br />
vention; and it is hoped that all literary news-<br />
paper work, including "notes"—that I was<br />
assured by the "rapporteurs" upon this matter<br />
should not be overlooked—will become inter-<br />
nationally copyright. There is already a clause<br />
in Lord Monkswell's Bill partially to effect this in<br />
England.<br />
This was the most exciting debate of the<br />
Congress, and it showed how the members had<br />
advanced in self-control since the Bordeaux<br />
meeting. Yet, as M. Bataille remarked to me<br />
at the banquet in the Opera House, "we must<br />
go on improving." A sense of satisfaction was<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 134 (#146) ############################################<br />
<br />
134<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
very widely expressed that an English contin-<br />
gent was again present, and hopes uttered that<br />
next year our numbers would be greater.<br />
At the third session, the subject of profes-<br />
sional education for journalists was brought up<br />
by M. Bataille. Dr. Koch, of Heidelberg,<br />
explained his course of lectures on journalism;<br />
and a report was received that a school for<br />
journalists was to be opened in the Figaro office.<br />
On the question of an international tribunal of<br />
arbitration, it was decided the Central Bureau<br />
should be this tribunal; and it was also left to<br />
the Bureau to take up the matter of cards of<br />
identity to act as passports for journalists.<br />
Altogether, in spite of a somewhat weak agenda,<br />
good work was done, and many an international<br />
friendship made that ought to work for good,<br />
individually and collectively.<br />
A Social Success.<br />
Socially the Congress was an immense suc-<br />
cess. The King and Queen held a special<br />
reception at the Ajuda Palace on their joint<br />
birthdays, that fell on Sept. 28, a brilliant<br />
function that was succeeded by the birthday<br />
levie in the Throne-room, at which I also had the<br />
pleasure of being present. The gracious affa-<br />
bility of the Queen and her majestic beauty<br />
completely won the hearts of all the "con-<br />
gressites"; and the Lisbon committee sought<br />
every possible means to give pleasure to the<br />
journalists. An excursion to the historic Thomar<br />
and to Cascaes, with banquets and luncheons and<br />
illuminations, and an exceptionally brilliant bull-<br />
fight of the Portuguese type, that has none of<br />
the brutal cruelty to the horses, gave the members<br />
a good insight into Portuguese life. The send-<br />
off to Oporto with luncheon en route at Pampil-<br />
hosa, was a most hearty and enjoyable ending to<br />
the Lisbon festivities, Oporto taking up the warm<br />
hospitality in a most cordial and even bewilder-<br />
ing fashion. Few who were there will forget the<br />
rare charm and beauty of Lisbon, and the rich<br />
nature and wild scenery of Portugal. After<br />
the President, Councillor A. Ennes, the English<br />
were especially indebted to Dr. M. Lima and<br />
Sefiors Mendonca de Costa and Tavares, and, as<br />
usual, the whole of the " congressites " owe much<br />
to the indefatigable and courteous secretary, M.<br />
Victor Taunays. The next Congress will be held<br />
at Borne in 1899, Paris asserting its claim for<br />
1900. James Baker.<br />
NOTES AND NEWS.<br />
THE Secretary has been instructed to ask the<br />
Committee of the Publishers' Association<br />
if they desire to reply to the strictures on<br />
their Draft Agreements contained in the July<br />
number of The Author. In reply they have-<br />
expressed a desire to confer on the Draft Agree-<br />
ments. The Committee of the Authors' Society<br />
have refused to hold any conference on these<br />
documents.<br />
The Daily Chronicle (Oct. 18), in an article<br />
naturally called for by the De Rougemont expo-<br />
sure, spoke strongly of the gradual degenera-<br />
tion of periodical literature. "The spread,"<br />
it said, "of a certain education, the constant<br />
cheapening of production, and the rapid expan-<br />
sion of the means of distribution to all the<br />
world, have substituted for a small and cultured<br />
public an immense audience whom no man can<br />
number, but who ask only to be amused. . . .<br />
With this movement there is combined another<br />
to the full as parlous, unless some better influences<br />
can overrule it. That is the astounding expansion<br />
of advertisements. The moment a cheap sheet of<br />
any sort can achieve a circulation counted in<br />
five or six figures, advertisers compete for the<br />
spare pages and its covers. For the word " sub-<br />
stituted " in the above, I would read "added."'<br />
The second part of this complaint seems inevit-<br />
able. As soon as a sheet arrives at an immense<br />
circulation, it naturally attracts advertisers, who-<br />
will pay largely for the use of the spare pages.<br />
This is an inconvenience that we shall nave to put<br />
up with. As regards the first part it is most true<br />
and most lamentable that there are millions of<br />
people who only read for sensation—to laugh, or to-<br />
shudder, or to while away the time. But, again,<br />
what does this mean? It means, I believe, a certain<br />
stage of intellectual development: all these multi-<br />
tudes have arrived at those lower levels of mental<br />
activity when the brain likes to be occupied but<br />
has not yet arrived at the power of continuous<br />
attention. It must be fed with comic scraps, with<br />
little bits of useless information, with short<br />
stories. It is a stage through which the better<br />
sort quickly pass, but it is always receiving new<br />
comers. We ought not to deride this condition,<br />
of mind any more than we deride children who run<br />
about shouting. i3-r,<br />
There is, however, one person who is respon-<br />
sible for the growing degradation. It is the<br />
editor of those sheets which appeal to the popular<br />
taste and make no attempt at leading or improv-<br />
ing it. The ideal editor is the man who under-<br />
stands how to guide and lead while lie. seems to.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 135 (#147) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
i35<br />
follow. The mischievous editor is the man who<br />
picks out what is worst and lowest in his readers<br />
and panders to that taste. There are at this<br />
moment half a dozen journals which between<br />
them have a circulation of millions. What will<br />
the editors do with these papers? Will they<br />
endeavour to impart to their readers, little by<br />
little, literary taste and literary culture? They<br />
can do it: the thing is possible: but the public<br />
will not by itself " create," as the Daily Chronicle<br />
asks, "an opinion in favour of work that will<br />
keep sweet the wells of their delight in the great<br />
Art of Letters." , ,<br />
One more point from this article—it is not<br />
often that one finds so much to say on a leader.<br />
The writer says," Time was when the magazine was<br />
an instalment of current literary work, addressed<br />
by writers who were able and entitled to write to<br />
a public which was able to criticise." Yes, but<br />
that public has not disappeared: it remains as<br />
strong and as large as ever. Its old magazines<br />
are not swamped by those which circulate by<br />
the million: they still flourish and lead and<br />
teach. The Nineteenth Century: the Contempo-<br />
rary: the Fortnightly: the National: the<br />
Quarterly: the Edinburgh: the Athenseum: the<br />
Academy: Literature; none of these organs<br />
address the uncultivated class: none of these are<br />
bought to while away an hour: and they have<br />
not, I believe, gone down in circulation while<br />
they have kept their old character. The surging<br />
millions around us cannot influence these papers<br />
nor can they influence their readers. What they<br />
have always done, they still continue to do.<br />
There is no hope that they will circulate among<br />
this multitude of imperfect mental development.<br />
In a word, the higher magazine is not sinking<br />
down: there is no sign of decay or deterioration<br />
in its tone or in its style. It remains to be seen<br />
whether the lower kind of magazine is capable of<br />
rising.<br />
LITEBARY PUPIL required by Editor of well-known<br />
London Magazine, resident in fashionable seaside<br />
town; young Lady or Gentleman with literary tastes<br />
preferred; a year's apprenticeship ; premium 100 guineas;<br />
salary jgi a week; good referenoes essential.—Address, in<br />
first instance,<br />
It is not surprising that one who undertakes to<br />
teach the art of writing, which is useful for the<br />
production of literature, should express a prefer-<br />
ence for a pupil with literary tastes. Is it<br />
possible, however, to open the door of the literary<br />
life by any teaching? Here, as in other questions<br />
of the kind that come before us, we must distin-<br />
guish. It is no more possible to turn any casual<br />
person into a man or woman of letters than it is<br />
to make him understand, against his powers of<br />
mind, the Integral Calculus. Given, however, the<br />
natural aptitude, then a certain amount of judi-<br />
cious instruction might possibly save many disap-<br />
pointments, and put a young man in the right<br />
way. What is offered in this advertisement is too<br />
vague for any practical purpose. The advertiser<br />
has certainly not taken lessons in the art of<br />
writing advertisements, which is a distinct branch<br />
of the literary profession. First, the young<br />
person is to pay ,£105 down. That is a serious<br />
haul. Next, he is to receive a pound a week. To<br />
begin with? To last how long? In return for<br />
what duties? Is he to board with the advertiser?<br />
If not, is he to reside in the same fashionable sea-<br />
side town? What is to be the curriculum<br />
of study? What are the advertiser's qualifica-<br />
tions for the task? What is his literary<br />
baggage? Has he ever had a literary pupil<br />
before? If so, does that literary pupil now touch<br />
the stars? And, above all, we repeat—what<br />
about that pound a week? When does it begin?<br />
When will it end? And, lastly, what is it for?<br />
In another column is noticed, by Mr. Thring, a<br />
letter from the Publisliers' Circular. I have<br />
only one thing to add—viz., the animus discovered<br />
towards the Authors' Society. It is a body, says the<br />
writer, which "lacks any representative character."<br />
One would like to know what this ingenuous sniffer<br />
means by a "representative " character '( What<br />
is it? What constitutes " representative charac-<br />
ter "? The Society has between 1400 and<br />
1500 members. Has this publisher seen their<br />
names? He certainly has not. How does he<br />
know them? But there are the names on the<br />
Council: are not these names sufficiently repre-<br />
sentative? There are among them leading names<br />
of statesmen, historians, poets, artists, lawyers,<br />
scientific men, musicians, educational men,<br />
novelists, dramatists, journalists, antiquaries,<br />
essayists, and travellers. What more is wanted to<br />
make it a representative body? As for the ques-<br />
tion asked, Mr. Thring has sufficiently answered<br />
it in his paper. The publisher quoted actually<br />
disputes the right of any person, in any quarrel, to<br />
refer the subject to any other person he chooses,<br />
with all the documents connected with it: and<br />
especially the right of referring a question, with<br />
all the documents connected with it, to a solicitor<br />
—to any solicitor he chooses, whether to Mr.<br />
Thring, or to the other solicitors to the Society,<br />
Messrs. Field, Roscoe, and Emery. Certainly<br />
we should be quite prepared to defend any action<br />
brought by any publisher, or company of pub-<br />
lishers, against ourselves for receiving and ad-<br />
vising upon any documents whatever connected<br />
with literary property. But the letter-looks as if<br />
the publisher had just seen an unfortunate<br />
author, and heard from him (or her) that he (or<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 136 (#148) ############################################<br />
<br />
i.36 THE AUTHOR.<br />
she) was going to take all the documents to the<br />
Society. And although, which is quite true, the<br />
Seen tary points out that both the Committee and<br />
himself are bound to secresy, the Committee<br />
may, if they please, and if the author allows,<br />
publish the whole case. It would then be open<br />
to the poor ill-used publisher to take any action<br />
he chose. .<br />
In another column will be found an extract<br />
from the Library World, the organ of libraries.<br />
The writer complains of the cramped condition of<br />
English free libraries owing to the limitation<br />
clause as to the rate. I confess that I have small<br />
sympathy with the complaint, for these reasons.<br />
First, I do not think that a free library ought to<br />
be expected to furnish all the new books, or even<br />
all the best new books to its readers. Even at the<br />
London Library, for which the members pay<br />
three pounds a year subscription, we frequently<br />
wait some months for certain new books greatly<br />
in demand. But if the library goes on adding<br />
every year only a hundred pounds' worth of<br />
books, many of them cheap and second hand, it<br />
will before long have alibrary equal to any demands<br />
likely to be made upon it. As regards the<br />
limitation clause, one or two London districts have<br />
endeavoured to get it raised. The action terrifies<br />
the ratepayer, to whom an extra penny in the<br />
pound means an additional burden. People in<br />
easy circumstances do not understand what the<br />
extra penny may mean to a struggling shop-<br />
keeper who must consider every sixpence. I am<br />
persuaded that it is the fear of this increase<br />
which has hitherto defeated all attempts made<br />
to get a free library in Islington and Marylebone.<br />
Let us do all we can with the penny rate and get<br />
as many libraries as we can. Could not the<br />
librarians, where the library is cramped, make<br />
a list of books wanted and send it round among<br />
the more wealthy classes?<br />
Mr. Andrew Lang has been complaining that<br />
"the world is fundamentally hostile to litera-<br />
ture ": that it hates to spend money on books.<br />
And then he has a gibe at The Author as<br />
follows:—<br />
The spirit of these remarks I find rebuked whenever I<br />
torn from literature to authorship and study The Author.<br />
In that great commercial organ, among the most eloquent<br />
remarks on discount, I seem to find traces of optimism,<br />
traces of belief in a great literary public. I do not believe<br />
in any such thing, even if some novels, at 6s., find a market<br />
for 100,000 copies. Even that (considering how bad most<br />
of these books are, how ignorant, coarse, emphatic, and<br />
illiterate) is relatively a very small demand. Think of the<br />
millions of England, and think of how many of them buy a<br />
book, say, of an author who is a man of genius, and<br />
"popular," Mr. Kipling or Mr. Stevenson. What a<br />
beggarly account! As for those who read Marlowe, or<br />
Montaigne, they are the tiniest of remnants.<br />
It is pleasing to find that he does read The<br />
Author. It is the business of the paper to dis-<br />
course upon discounts and everything else which<br />
may concern the management of Literary Pro-<br />
perty. Those who are not interested in the sub-<br />
ject are not expected to read the paper at all. Ab<br />
regards the " optimism," my own opinion of the<br />
subject is utterly different from that of Mr. Lang.<br />
It is based upon a study of the actual facts,<br />
which are, briefly, these :—<br />
(1) The question of money:<br />
The vast mass of the people simply have no<br />
money to buy books at the price at which they<br />
are issued, say from 2*. 6d. upwards. How can<br />
a working man on 30*. a week spend 10s. in<br />
buying a book? How many books of 4*. 6d.<br />
can he buy in a year? In fact, he never buys a<br />
book at all. To get at the class of book-buyers<br />
eliminate a vast majority of the people. What<br />
about the remainder, which means about two and<br />
a half millions, or 400,000 families? It is for<br />
these 400,000 that all our books are published.<br />
And I do think that if a book is bought by a<br />
quarter of these families, and borrowed by the<br />
other three-quarters, it is as much as any one can<br />
expect.<br />
2. The use of the free libraries:<br />
The working man reads books, though he does<br />
not buy them. He goes in multitudes to the free<br />
libraries, where the librarians' lists show that he<br />
makes a very good choice of books.<br />
3. The wide purchase of cheap books:<br />
Whenever a good popular book —" Lorna<br />
Doone," for instance—is issued at sixpence it is<br />
bought by the hundred thousand.<br />
There is a so-called "library," containing<br />
many excellent books, which is printed on vile<br />
paper and sold at less than sixpence. This<br />
"library " has sold by millions.<br />
For these reasons I say that the people do<br />
read books: that they do buy them when they<br />
can afford it: and that their choice in the free<br />
libraries is on the whole sound. Of course it<br />
would be easy to pick out certain books and hold<br />
them up to derision as popular favourites. They<br />
may be favourites for a season: but they quickly<br />
die and are forgotten. Walter Besant.<br />
THE LIBRAEY AND THE LIMITATION<br />
CLAUSE.<br />
IT is perfectly certain that the cramped and<br />
poverty-stricken condition of English<br />
libraries, brought about by a grudging<br />
Parliamentary limitation, has prevented, or at<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 137 (#149) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
i37<br />
least postponed, the progress and development of<br />
these institutions to a great extent. When we<br />
contemplate what has been accomplished on the<br />
meagre income doled out to libraries, we marvel<br />
at the high measure of efficiency and degree of<br />
success attained. But when we look a little<br />
closer and consider what could be done with<br />
sufficient means, and what ought to be done to<br />
give public libraries their maximum value, it is<br />
soon borne in upon us that the most popular<br />
library in the country does little more than just<br />
touch the fringe of its area of work and useful-<br />
ness. According to the statistics carefully col-<br />
lected by the Government of the country, about<br />
60 per cent. of the inhabitants of any town are<br />
possible users of public libraries. That is to say,<br />
60 in every 100 of population are between the<br />
ages of ten and sixty, with a fair allowance for<br />
illiterates. But suppose we knock off other<br />
10 per cent. as a further allowance on account of<br />
children under twelve and illiterates or weaklings<br />
of all ages, we still get 50 per cent. of readers who<br />
are capable of using a library. How, then, does it<br />
happen that not a single town in the country has<br />
even 25 per cent. of its population enrolled as<br />
borrowers, while a majority of places can only<br />
boast of from 5 to 10 per cent.? The reason is<br />
not far to seek. Owing to the starvling income<br />
aforesaid, few libraries can afford to buy more<br />
than one copy of a popular newspaper or maga-<br />
zine, or one or two copies of a popular book at a<br />
time. And what is the use of a single copy of a<br />
popular book among 10,000 possible borrowers,<br />
or of one solitary copy of a very popular illus-<br />
trated journal among 50,000 possible readers?<br />
Has anyone ever imagined what would take place<br />
in a town of 100,000 inhabitants supposing every<br />
possible reader availed himself of his right to use<br />
the library? According to our computation<br />
there would be 50,000 persons anxious to be<br />
served with the latest books and journals on<br />
topics of the day, and to do this effectually would<br />
Tequire not one, but five large libraries with<br />
huge news rooms attached and stocks of not less<br />
than 20,000 volumes each. Instead of this, all<br />
that a town of this size can generally do for<br />
itself is to provide 20,000 or 30,000 volumes, 300<br />
journals and magazines, and seats for 200 or 250<br />
readers! For every reader or borrower who uses<br />
a public library, at least two others decline to<br />
come because they cannot obtain what they want<br />
and will not trouble to wait. Again, no public<br />
library can reach the poorer classes because it will<br />
not, and cannot afford to, seek them out and bring<br />
literature to their very doors. We have thrown<br />
out these thoughts in the hope that they may<br />
suggest to librariaus the connection between<br />
extension of work and increase of income, and the<br />
necessity which exists for agitation, in order to<br />
receive such a recognition as will make it possible<br />
for libraries to double, if not quadruple, their<br />
present volume of work and usefulness.—From<br />
the Library World.<br />
REEVE, OF THE "EDINBURGH." *<br />
TO have edited the Edinburgh Review for<br />
forty years is an experience which could<br />
not fail to be guarantee of an interesting<br />
history, and the Memoirs of Henry Reeve, which<br />
have just been published by Professor Laughton,<br />
possess, doubtless, considerable value for the<br />
literary aud the political observers of the period.<br />
Political, for Henry Reeve at the age of twenty-<br />
five was introduced to official life by being<br />
appointed, through the influence of Lord Lans-<br />
downe, to the Clerkship of Appeals; he became<br />
a great political journalist, on terms of inti-<br />
macy with Cabinet Ministers and Princes, abroad<br />
as well as at home, and receiving those confidences<br />
which exalted personages impart only to such as<br />
do not fail to command an excellent discretion.<br />
After a long connection with the Times, Eeeve<br />
in 1855 succeeded Sir George Cornewall Lewis in<br />
the editorship of the Edinburgh Review, and<br />
served it, as we have said, for forty years. The<br />
Author is not a review; and we do not attempt<br />
to review these volumes, but merely to record, as<br />
far as our space will afford, a few of the literary<br />
incidents contained in them.<br />
Born at Norwich in 1813, Reeve as a mere lad<br />
enjoyed the society of great men. "It often<br />
occurred even to himself," we are told, " that<br />
there was something unusual and extraordinary<br />
in a lad of eighteen or twenty, or even of twenty-<br />
four, with no particular advantage of birth,<br />
associating familiarly with men of European<br />
reputation, Ambassadors, Ministers of State,<br />
poets, painters, or musicians." In his twenty-<br />
second year he was in Paris, and frequently met<br />
Thackeray there. Writing from Paris in January,<br />
1835, Reeve says:—"Thackeray is flourishing,<br />
and after the opera we took tea, and had a long<br />
talk of the doings of French artists. He com-<br />
plains of the impurity of their ideas, and of the<br />
jargon of a corrupt life, which they so unwisely<br />
admit into their painting rooms." Again in<br />
1836 Reeve writes from Paris to his mother:—<br />
I continue to see the Macaulays a good deal. The girls<br />
are dreadfully like Tom Babington, and very amusing from<br />
* " Memoirs of the Life and Correspondence of Henry<br />
Eeeve, C.B., D.C.L." By John Knox Laughton, ALA<br />
Two voIb. Longmans, Green, and Co. 28*.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 138 (#150) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
a mixture of saintship and politios, ignorance of the world,<br />
and knowledge of Parliament. ... I have seen a good deal<br />
of Thaokeray this last week. That excellent and faoetious<br />
being is at the present moment editing an English paper<br />
here, in opposition to Galignani's. Bat, what is more<br />
ominous, he has fallen in love, and talks of being married in<br />
less than twenty years. What is there so affecting as<br />
matrimony? I dined yesterday with his objeot, who is a<br />
nice, simple, girlish girl—a niece of that old Colonel Shawe<br />
whom one always meets at the Sterlings'.<br />
Professor Laughton says that the statement<br />
about Thackeray editing an English paper" seems<br />
to be a mistake." Reeve visited Balzac, too, in<br />
those days—January, 1835—and was extraordi-<br />
narily impressed:—<br />
Such a singular contrast of profound philosophy—more of<br />
intuition than of analysis—combined with the variety and<br />
prodigality of an Eastern story-teller, expressed in a oopious<br />
and brilliant language, frequently degenerating into the<br />
violence or rising into the ostentation of positive insanity, I<br />
have never met with. Balzac was seated in an elegant<br />
apartment, situated at the very extremity of this side of<br />
Paris, which he took because from some whim or strange<br />
reason the house is called " La Fabrique de l'Absolu." To<br />
this Fabrique we found our way, and, at the end of a long,<br />
low room, as it were, between a study and a boudoir, we<br />
found the Magician himself, â– urrounded by proofs and<br />
manuscripts, which he was correcting and composing with a<br />
rapidity that sets all the printers of Paris at naught. He<br />
talked chiefly of himself, with the most boisterous and<br />
fantastical self-acclamation, for it was more than approba-<br />
tion. . . .<br />
There are many glimpses of famous people<br />
up and down these volumes. Of Sydney Smith,<br />
for instance, we have the following anecdote:—<br />
We got Sydney on the overpowering topio of Macaulay.<br />
Macaulay is laying waste society with his waterspout of<br />
talk; people in his company burst for want of an oppor-<br />
tunity of dropping in a word; he confounds soliloquy and<br />
colloquy. Nothing oould equal my diversion at seeing<br />
T. B. M. go to the Counoil tie other day in a fine laced<br />
coat, neat green bodied glass chariot, and a feather in his<br />
hat. Sydney S. had said to Lord Melbourne that Macaulay<br />
was a book in breeches. Lord M. told the Queen; bo when-<br />
ever she sees her new Secretary of Wax, she goes into fits<br />
of laughter. I said that the worst feature in Maoaulay's<br />
character was his appalling memory; he haa a weapon more<br />
than anyone else in the world's tournament. "Aye,<br />
indeed," s&id S. S.," why, he could repeat the whole History<br />
of the Virtuous Blue Coat Boy, in three vols., post 8vo,<br />
without a slip. He should take two tablespoonfuls of the<br />
waters of Lethe every morning to oorreot his retentive<br />
powers."<br />
Bulwer Lytton, Landor, Macaulay, and<br />
Sheridan Knowles are names that occur fre-<br />
quently in the memoirs. "Dinner at Proctor's<br />
with Harriet Martineau, Carlyle and his wife,<br />
Thackeray, and Kinglake "—is one of the entries in<br />
Reeve's diary. "Carlyle was so offensive I never<br />
made it up with him." The circumstances of the<br />
breach with Carlyle are not related, but it is<br />
known to have occurred through Carlyle remark-<br />
ing softly, when Reeve had the temerity to differ<br />
with him in discussion, "You're a puir creature,<br />
you're a puir creature." Of Landor this 1<br />
related:—<br />
Landor, you know, is quite as vain of not being read as<br />
Bulwer is of being the most popular writer of the day.<br />
Nothing can equal the contempt with which he treats any-<br />
body who has more than six readers and three admirers,<br />
unless it be that saying of Hegel's, when he declared that<br />
nobody understood his writings but himself, and that not<br />
always.<br />
Reeve was perfectly sensible of his own value.<br />
In his fifteen years' connection with the Timet<br />
(1840-1855), he tells us, he wrote about 2482<br />
full-paid articles, and received upwards of<br />
£13,000 for them. "Its circulation rose in fifteen<br />
years, from about 13,000 when I joined it to<br />
62,000 when I left it, and although I do not<br />
take to myself any peculiar share in this result,<br />
for many other contributors wrote as well as I<br />
did, and the editor was usually judicious and<br />
always active, yet I doubt whether any other<br />
writer had occasion to do as much." And on a<br />
subsequent occasion he wrote: "The Review<br />
suffers when I am too busy to write in it." There<br />
is much of interest in these volumes regarding the<br />
publication of the memoirs of Greville, for whom<br />
Reeve was, of course, literary trustee. Journal-<br />
ist of the old school, and holding in high regard<br />
the moral responsibility of the journalist, Reeve<br />
was opposed to anything in the nature of "log-<br />
rolling," and on that ground was a firm believer<br />
in anonymity. Writing to Mr. T. N. Longman<br />
on Dec. 26, 1891, he says:—<br />
I thought it best to tell Froude frankly that the review of<br />
his book (" The Divorce of Catharine of Aragon ") in the<br />
Edinburgh would be an unfavourable one. At the same<br />
time I disclaimed in the strongest language any disposition<br />
to make a personal attack on himself. Unfortunately he<br />
seems to ascribe adverse criticism of his works to personal<br />
animosity, which, in his case, is entirely wanting.<br />
It is a painful necessity. Froude and his book are too<br />
important to be passed over in silence. But the judicial<br />
character and consistency, and I may say honour, of the<br />
Review absolutely require that the truth should be told<br />
about the book. I should consider it a derogation to my<br />
duty to the Review if, from personal motives or affection, I<br />
suppressed an adverse criticism of a work which impera-<br />
tively demands an answer. ... I have modified as far<br />
as possible any expressions which appeared to be of too<br />
censorious a character; but it is impossible to avoid<br />
condemning a mistaken book because the author is a per-<br />
sonal friend. Judex damnatur si nocens absolvitur is our<br />
motto.<br />
Finally, there is the following interesting<br />
reference to Reeve's literary advice to the<br />
Messrs. Longman, whose "reader" he was for<br />
many years:—<br />
Books in French, German, or Italian, offered for trans-<br />
lation, MSS. in English offered for publication—whatever<br />
there was of grave, serious, or important, as well as a good<br />
deal that was not, was sent to him for a first or a revised<br />
opinion. And this opinion was given very frankly, and<br />
most oommonly in the fewest possible words:—" My advioe<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 139 (#151) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
is that you have nothing to do with it " was a not nnfrequent<br />
formula. Another, less freqnent, was:—" He—the aspirant<br />
to literary fame and emolument—can neither write nor<br />
spell English"; "I wish they wouldn't send their trash to<br />
me" was an occasional prayer. "Seems to me sheer non-<br />
sense"; "What a waste of time and labour!" "It's<br />
very provoking that people should attempt to write books<br />
who cannot write English," were oooasional reports. Of<br />
course many of his judgments were very different: "A<br />
work of great interest, which must have a large sale ";<br />
"Secure this if you possibly can"; "A most able work, but<br />
will scarcely command a remunerative sale." . . . As<br />
it was with printed books and larger MSS., eo it was with<br />
articles submitted for the Review; but he did not encourage<br />
casual contributions, and seldom—perhaps never—accepted<br />
any without some previous understanding. The political<br />
articles and the reviews of important books were almost<br />
invariably written in response to a direct invitation; but<br />
whether the articles sent in were invited or offered, he<br />
equally reserved the right to express his approval or dis-<br />
approval or disagreement, and to insist, if necessary, on the<br />
article being remodelled or withdrawn.<br />
SOME SOUTHEY LETTERS.<br />
AN interesting series of Southey's private<br />
letters appeared for the first time in<br />
the August number of Blackwood's. They<br />
are written to his friend John May, with whom<br />
he became acquainted in 1795 at Lisbon, and<br />
to whom he dedicated his short and incom-<br />
plete autobiography. They are very personal,<br />
and give many valuable glimpses of the poet's<br />
state of mind. When his little daughter is<br />
dying in the autumn of 1803, he writes that<br />
"never man enjoyed purer happiness than I<br />
for the last twelve months," and "my plans<br />
are now all wrecked." After having been at<br />
a bull fight, he wrote that "the pain inflicted<br />
by the sight was expiation enough for his folly<br />
in going at all; and he added, "I cannot under-<br />
stand the pleasure excited by a bull fight, and it<br />
is honourable to the English character that none<br />
of our nation frequent these spectacles." In a<br />
letter dated Oct. 29, 1800, he discusses the pro-<br />
posal to put his brother Henry in a profession,<br />
and remarks that for the first time in his life he<br />
has the power, "or at least it seems so," of<br />
raising 100 guineas to place him under a provin-<br />
cial surgeon for four or five years till he is old<br />
enough to practice for himself. He explains the<br />
expectation of this money, and indicates the self-<br />
sacrifice in his disposal of it, as follows:<br />
My metrical romance goes by the King George to market,<br />
and I ask this sum as the price of a first edition. I have<br />
little doubt of obtaining it. I had designed to furnish a<br />
house with this money, and anchor myself, but this is a<br />
a more important oall.<br />
Southey had been advised at this time to try<br />
his fate at the East Indian Bar. He doubted<br />
whether the fortune to be gained could pay for<br />
the loss of the friends in whose society "so much<br />
of my happiness consists. The fate of Camoens<br />
stares me in the face, and if I did go, prudence<br />
would be the ostensible motive, but the real one<br />
would be curiosity. I do long to become<br />
acquainted with old Brama, and see the great<br />
Indian fig tree; so at the end of twenty years<br />
time I should come home with a copper-coloured<br />
face, an empty purse, and a portfolio full."<br />
He expresses the following amusing philo-<br />
sophy also in 1800 :—<br />
Yon remember the doggerel that " learning is better than<br />
house or land." 'Tis a lying proverb! A good lifehold<br />
estate is worth all the fame of the world in perpetuity, and<br />
a comfortable honee rather more desirable than a monument<br />
in Westminster Abbey.<br />
And on his financial position we have the<br />
following very interesting light in the autumn of<br />
1816:<br />
Herewith I send you a draft upon Longman for .£100, at<br />
three dajs' sight. The last twelve months have proved<br />
highly advantageous to my monied ooncerns, and for the<br />
first time have made the balanoe of his account in my<br />
favour. There is good reason for hoping that it will oon-<br />
tinne so, and that it will not be long before I shall be able<br />
to dear off my debt with you. "Koderick " has produced<br />
for me above .£500, by three editions, and the fourth will<br />
by this time have paid its expenses. Of the " Pilgrimage"<br />
2000 were printed; they were all sold in the course of two-<br />
months, leaving me a profit of £2X5. My account only<br />
oomes up to midsummer, and therefore does not inolude the<br />
'. Carmen Nuptiale," but of the fate of which I know<br />
nothing, nor indeed what number was printed.<br />
The prospect before me is very good. The produce of<br />
my current publications may be reckoned at .£200 a year<br />
certainly, not improbably at twice the sum; and Murray<br />
pays me so well for the Quarterly that I hope there will be<br />
no occasion to draw much upon the other fund for my<br />
household expenses. For some artioles he offers me .£100<br />
per article—such was that upon the Poor in the last<br />
number, and one upon Foreign Travellers in England which<br />
is designed for this, and which I am busy in completing.<br />
The preface to "Mort Arthur," for which I am reading<br />
much black letter, at some oost of eyesight and no little<br />
expense of time, will give me .£200, and the second volume<br />
of " Brazil " about half as much—a preposterous instanoe<br />
of the caprice upon which a man of letters depends for his<br />
remuneration! Perhaps the average may be fair at last,<br />
but it is injurious as well as ridiculous, and I shall derive<br />
my main support from what other persons might do as well,<br />
and what might never be done at all; while for works of<br />
permanent value and great labour, for which peculiar know-<br />
ledge, peculiar talents, and peculiar industry are required,<br />
the profit I obtain would scarcely exceed, and perhaps not<br />
amount to, the expenses of the documents.<br />
The letter from which the following is extracted<br />
was written by Robert Southey, on April 22,<br />
1834, to the late John A. Heraud, in whose<br />
"Memoirs," by his daughter, just published by<br />
Mr. George Redway, it appears for the first time,<br />
with many other letters from the same poet:—<br />
Yon oould not apply to a worse person than myself for<br />
counsel as to any dealings with publishers. My general<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 140 (#152) ############################################<br />
<br />
140<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
practice is to let them take the whole risk of the work, and<br />
give me half the eventual profits. Tha&is, after the costs<br />
-of publication are defrayed, a third of the surplus goes as<br />
the allowance of the trade (this need to be Longmans' allow-<br />
ance—Murray allowed somewhat more than a third), half of<br />
the remainder then oomes to me. The publishers have then<br />
the lion's share—but they have the lion's power, and can<br />
always help themselves, which an author cannot.<br />
CORRESPONDENCE.<br />
I.—The Pecuniary Position op Writers.<br />
IT is impossible to feel anything but the<br />
highest admiration and respect for the<br />
altruistic movement to better writers'<br />
pecuniary position. But are there not insuper-<br />
able difficulties in his way?<br />
The point seems to be this: Taking a full<br />
average of books published, there is a certain<br />
profit. These books are created by writers; they<br />
are printed, bound, and put before the public by<br />
publishers. It is objected that (on the average)<br />
the profits are unfairly divided—the authors get<br />
too little, the publishers too much. The question<br />
of binders' and printers' profits does not, I think,<br />
•come in?<br />
The supply of books comes from writers, the<br />
.demand for books is from publishers. Surely the<br />
relative profits made are subject to the ordinary<br />
laws affecting supply and demand? And what<br />
have we? A fairly constant periodic demand,<br />
and at all times a supply enormously greater than<br />
the demand! Necessarily, I submit, publishers<br />
can make their own terms.<br />
But the matter does not end here. The supply<br />
is almost infinitely variable in quality, variable<br />
both in artistic merit and—a very different<br />
thing—in selling value. Now, the few writers<br />
who can supply things of known, acknowledged<br />
value can, I believe, always make their own<br />
terms with publishers? But the others? No<br />
man can assess either the artistic or pecuniary<br />
value of his own work. And the publisher?<br />
Aided by his reader, he guesses at the value, and<br />
on his guess pays. Surely in all these cases the<br />
author cannot complain if, with no personal<br />
pecuniary risk, he gets the chance he wants of<br />
catching the ear of the public. Let the author<br />
.once catch that rough, thick-skinned ear and he<br />
may hold it for even a lifetime and make his own<br />
terms with the publisher for the dullest repeated<br />
vibrations he may choose to supply.<br />
Again, can you lay down hard-and-fast rules<br />
fixing relative profit? The goods suppplied vary<br />
from garbage to pearls; the public demand is<br />
bizarre. My friend Jones's little romance " Totsey,<br />
a Stray," is in its tenth thousand, while my work<br />
of genius, "An Investigation into the Psycho-<br />
logical Aspects of the Loves of Amelia Chol-<br />
mondeley, with Notes on the Connection between<br />
the Darwinian Theory and the Evolution of<br />
Affection," cannot find a publisher I<br />
I have written above from a purely pecuniary<br />
point of view. But there is a moral, an artistic<br />
view. Dealing with romance, of the many books<br />
weekly published it were better for the world if<br />
most had never been. There has never, I<br />
believe, been a time when England has shown<br />
greater general power, even genius, in romance.<br />
But achievement? How many men, possibly of<br />
genius, have we who have startled us by a first<br />
great work of originality and who now repeat<br />
themselves with careless, pale imitation? Has<br />
art gained from the modern pecuniary success of<br />
great writers? Has not the absorption of known<br />
men into the inhumanity, the cross-gartered art<br />
of London society led to the concealment of the<br />
wood of humanity by the veneer of elaborately<br />
polished language?<br />
Let no man, no woman, take up romance<br />
writing as a profession; let only those write who<br />
cannot help writing. And then, though many of<br />
us must still continue to give the world bad work,<br />
the literary man will take that position which is<br />
rightly his, and the supply will be reasonably<br />
decreased. X.<br />
[The answer to the above letter seems to be as<br />
follows:<br />
(1) The writer's position has been so much<br />
improved by the action of the Society, that the<br />
difficulties are proved not to be insuperable. (2)<br />
The demand for books does not come from pub-<br />
lishers, but from the public. The supply of what<br />
is wanted is below rather than above the demand.<br />
The supply of what is not wanted by the public,<br />
but is furnished by the publisher, is certainly<br />
in excess. (3) The demand for certain writers<br />
is always below the supply. In many branches<br />
of science and in general literature the writers<br />
whose works are in request by the public ought<br />
to be able to make their own terms for the<br />
administration of their property. There are<br />
certain writers who "X." seems to think are<br />
supplying the demand, but if the public does<br />
not care for and does not want their work, how<br />
can they supply a demand?<br />
The artistic side must not be mixed up with the<br />
commercial side. We have again and again<br />
repeated that the business of the Society is<br />
simply the maintenance and defence of literary<br />
property. This, we are ready to admit, and<br />
have always admitted, may be totally different<br />
from literary art. As regards the danger<br />
of writing feebly after the production of strong<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 141 (#153) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
141<br />
work, there is no doubt that this danger<br />
does exist. It would be, however, more to the<br />
point if our correspondent would suggest how a<br />
novelist or an artist who has once devoted his<br />
whole time to the production of the best work<br />
possible to him, is to continue to live when he<br />
becomes conscious that his work is no longer on<br />
the same high level.—W. B.]<br />
II.—A Plea, for Cut Edges.<br />
Once or twice, recently, protests have appeared<br />
against the custom many publishers have of<br />
issuing books with uncut edges. Nothing, I<br />
venture to say, is more annoying than to purchase<br />
a book, to settle oneself for an hour's enjoyment,<br />
and then to have the unnecessary and uncom-<br />
fortable labour of cutting its edges. If, as is<br />
sometimes the case, this occurs in a railway<br />
carriage when one is minus a paper knife, the<br />
enjoyment of the book is considerably jeopardised.<br />
This can be easily obviated by three or four<br />
strokes of the printer's guillotine. Moreover,<br />
edges so cut are infinitely preferable to the rough<br />
state they assume when cut with even the sharpest<br />
paper-cutter. Lately several publishers have<br />
adopted the method of sending out their books<br />
with cut edges. This arrangement is a distinct<br />
boon to the reader, and if the practice were made<br />
a hard-and-fast rule the innovation would, 1 feel<br />
sure, be hailed with unfeigned delight by every<br />
book-lover. John C. Shannon.<br />
III.—"Exchanges."<br />
A few evenings ago, my own favourite<br />
journal being sold our, I purchased for id.<br />
eleven square feet of paper bearing printing<br />
both back and front. Placed one on top of<br />
another, the columns of printed matter might<br />
rival in height a three-storied dwelling-house,<br />
whilst the total length of the lines would extend<br />
over a quarter of a mile. You will probably<br />
wonder that I should write to complain of so<br />
generous a pennyworth, but, after perusing it, I<br />
felt that I should not be doing my duty to that<br />
large body of your members who can be classified<br />
under the heading of "Occasional Contributors,"<br />
if I failed to draw attention to the growing<br />
tendency to fill the pages of a paper with<br />
"Exchanges "—though what the proprietors of<br />
the journals who kindly lent their contents to fill<br />
up this paper got in exchange I am unable to<br />
say. In the most prominent part of the paper I<br />
found that the New York Herald, per Reuter,<br />
contributed the news from Jamaica; the Daily<br />
Telegraph (two separate paragraphs), the<br />
Egyptian news; the Morning Post, matter apper-1<br />
taimng to Canada. The Dreyfus case was dealt<br />
with in a satisfactory manner through the kind-<br />
ness of the Figaro, the Journal, the Gaulois, and<br />
the Matin, per Reuter, who also supplied the<br />
tidings from Denmark. A column and a quarter<br />
of CasselPs Magazine must have saved 30s.<br />
at least to the proprietor of the paper;<br />
whilst the Local Government Board's Report<br />
must have been worth 10s. to the same individual<br />
who had to thank the special correspondent of<br />
the Daily Telegraph, the Figaro, the Daily<br />
Chronicle, and, of course, Reuter, for "The<br />
Fashoda Question." Some iuteresting personal<br />
pars were culled from Vanity Fair, the Daily<br />
Telegraph—our editor's favourite journal—the<br />
Daily Mail, and the Times. A special article<br />
on the late Queen of Denmark (cheerfully contri-<br />
buted by the English Illustrated Magazine)<br />
ran to three-quarters of a column, and the<br />
Daily News "exchanged" half a column of<br />
"Mount Vesuvius." The City Press lent a small<br />
paragraph about a house in six parishes;<br />
Reuter and the Daily Telegraph tackled the<br />
question of Crete's future, and other interesting<br />
paragraphs came from the "Central News" and<br />
the "London News Agency. The Chinese crisis<br />
was considered so important that only telegrams<br />
from the Times and Dalziel could do satisfac-<br />
tory justice to the subject, but they did not<br />
occupy so much space as the two-thirds of a<br />
column from the Daily News on Mr. Watt's<br />
latest scheme, even when a par. re " Samory *<br />
contributed by the Eclair was thrown in. Two<br />
paragraphs based on Daily Telegraph and Times<br />
reports completed the editor's " exchanges," and<br />
we can imagine that gentleman laying down his<br />
weary scissors with a sigh, and saying : " Thank<br />
you, my friends, for your kindly hospitality, in<br />
exchange for which I offer several pages of adver-<br />
tisements, my leading article, a few columns of<br />
book reviews, our Money Market columns, and<br />
the signed articles that begin with 'Sir,' and are<br />
contributed by my 'obedient servants.'"<br />
If the example of this particular editor is<br />
followed by his brethren, the "Occasional Con-<br />
tributor" is doomed; let him take warning,<br />
therefore, and ere it be too late invest his<br />
savings (if he has any) in a stock of well-tem-<br />
pered scissors, for a time will assuredly come<br />
when there will be nothing for him to do but<br />
start an evening paper on modern lines, unless<br />
something can be done in the way of limiting<br />
the proportion of an article, paragraph, or tele-<br />
gram that can be printed with or without<br />
acknowledgment of its original source without<br />
payment to the person who wrote it or the<br />
firm who paid for it in the first place.<br />
An Occasional Victim to Steel<br />
and Steal.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 142 (#154) ############################################<br />
<br />
142<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
IV.—"The Author" and the Publishers.<br />
After studying for many months your exposures<br />
,of publishing methods, one conclusion is forced<br />
upon me, namely, that if a publisher wishes to<br />
swindle, no amount of dexterity on the part of the<br />
author can prevent him from doing so. With<br />
all the machinery of secret profits at his disposal,<br />
with little or no probability of checking the<br />
number of copies he professes to have sold, with<br />
the advertisement swindle which you have so<br />
often explained to us, and all the other dodges,<br />
the author is practically at the publisher's mercy.<br />
On the other hand, if the publisher is an honest<br />
•man, precautions will be unnecessary. An author<br />
is too poor and too busy to investigate the rami-<br />
fications of a dishonest publisher's business<br />
methods. Give him an honest publisher and let<br />
him do his work in peace. My suggestion is<br />
that the Society should publish for him. By<br />
"publish" I do not mean buy his book out-<br />
right or "speculate" in any sense of the word,<br />
but merely print his book for him, and put it-<br />
upon the market at the best market terms, with<br />
all the advantages of "wholesale" prices for<br />
paper, &c., which the publisher now puts in his<br />
pocket. Let the whole business be absolutely<br />
"straight" and above board. The author pays<br />
for the publication of the book on the advice of<br />
the Society that it has a fair chance of success (or<br />
against the advice of the Society if he chooses).<br />
The Society charges him the actual cost of paper,<br />
eomposing, correcting, binding, advertisement,<br />
and distribution, such a fixed percentage on the<br />
.outlay as experience may show to be necessary<br />
to prevent the Society from losing. All profits<br />
would then go to the author. It is true the author<br />
would have to pay for publication, but in the<br />
<ase of the writer of established repute the<br />
risk would be non-existent; in the case of the<br />
unknown man it would be smaller than it is at<br />
present when his book is published on com-<br />
mission. The So.ciety could then offer the book-<br />
sellers those improved terms which it believes to<br />
be their due, thus stimulating the sale of its<br />
books. All that is wanted for this scheme is a<br />
sound business man, with experience of printing<br />
and publishing, at its head. There must be<br />
scores of members of the Society whom it would<br />
pay better to publish in this way than to take<br />
ostensibly a 15 per cent. royalty while paying<br />
the publisher unacknowledged profits in the form<br />
of discounts and percentages on every item in<br />
ms A Member of the Society.<br />
[I quite agree with the "Member" as to the<br />
only method left possible. The publishers have<br />
deliberately announced their intention of laying<br />
hands on everything except perhaps a miserable<br />
residuum. The only reply is to change the<br />
method. I doubt whether the Society would act<br />
as the " Member" suggests. It would be, how-<br />
ever, quite possible to create a commission pub-<br />
Usher—one who would do no other kind of busi-<br />
ness. For the moment any other business is<br />
taken in hand, the commission work begins to be<br />
neglected. This is natural, for if a publisher can<br />
make 10 per cent. by commission and anything<br />
he pleases by any other way he will prefer that<br />
other way.—W. B.]<br />
BOOS TALK<br />
BY general consent Mr. John Morley had<br />
been selected as the probable writer of<br />
the accredited Life of Mr. Gladstone, and<br />
now the announcement of the fact is formally<br />
made. The task is likely to occupy about three<br />
years, and already Mr. Morley has dealt with a<br />
large part of the correspondence, and has made<br />
considerable progress with the chapters relating<br />
the history of the Home Rule movement of Mr.<br />
Gladstone. During his twenty years' intimate<br />
acquaintance with Mr. Gladstone, Mr. Morley<br />
received long letters from him on practically<br />
every public topic that was engaging his atten-<br />
tion. The biography will be published by Messrs.<br />
Macmillan.<br />
Sir Edward Hamilton, one of Mr. Gladstone's<br />
private secretaries, has written a monograph on<br />
the late statesman, which will be published by<br />
Mr. Murray.<br />
Another political biography, which has just<br />
been completed, is that of Sir Robert Peel, by<br />
Mr. C. S. Parker. This work has been an<br />
exceedingly laborious one, from the amount of<br />
correspondence that had to be gone through and<br />
sifted. Letters to and from the Queen, the<br />
Duke of Wellington, Disraeli, and other impor-<br />
tant contemporaries will be contained in the<br />
work, which Mr. Murray will publish shortly.<br />
Mr. Kinloch Cooke's biography of the late<br />
Duchess of Teck, from her journals and diaries,<br />
will be published probably in the early days of<br />
next year.<br />
Sir Mountstuart Grant Duff, who published two<br />
interesting and entertaining volumes of his diary<br />
recently, is now adding two others, containing<br />
his diary during the period when he was Governor<br />
of Madras, and also containing his views on home<br />
affairs.<br />
Mrs. Alec Tweedie has in the press a life of<br />
her father, Dr. Harley, of Harley-street. It will<br />
be published by the Scientific Press.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 143 (#155) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
143<br />
Mr. Frederic G. Kitton is preparing a centenary<br />
memoir of the late Dr. Zechariah Buck, the<br />
organist and choirmaster of Norwich Cathedral.<br />
Many of Dr. Buck's pupils, now in distinguished<br />
positions in the musical world, contribute remini-<br />
scences of him, and the family give their assist-<br />
-ance. The work will be issued in a limited<br />
edition shortly.<br />
A biography of the late Professor Calderwood,<br />
who occupied the chair of Moral Philosophy in<br />
Edinburgh University for twenty years, is being<br />
written by his son and the Rev. D. Woodside of<br />
Glasgow.<br />
Principal Fairbairn has written a book entitled<br />
"" Catholicism—Roman and Anglican," which will<br />
be brought out immediately.<br />
The Rev. Leighton Pullan is general editor of<br />
a new series of Church Text Books which has<br />
been projected by Messrs. Rivington. The<br />
volumes will be written by Oxford scholars, and<br />
are not intended only for scholars, but also for<br />
the general readers who are desirous of informa-<br />
tion on church history, forms of worship, criti-<br />
cism, &c.<br />
Robert Browning destroyed all his letters and<br />
papers with-the exception of the letters that had<br />
passed between Mrs. Browning and himself<br />
before their marriage. These letters were care-<br />
fully preserved, and while still in vigorous health<br />
Mr. Browning said concerning them: "There<br />
they are—do with them as you please when I am<br />
dead and gone." The Athenaeum makes the<br />
interesting announcement that the letters will<br />
shortly be published.<br />
The Rev. H. C. Beeching is reprinting his<br />
"Pages from a Private Diary," papers which for<br />
a time were a conspicuous and entertaining<br />
feature of Comhill Magazine. The volume will<br />
be published soon by Messrs. Smith, Elder, and<br />
Co.<br />
Mr. John Halsham is the author of "Idle-<br />
hurst: A Journal Kept in the Country," which<br />
Messrs. Smith, Elder, and Co. will publish this<br />
autumn.<br />
The identity of the Mr. W. H. of Shakespeare's<br />
Sonnets having given rise again to some discus-<br />
sion, h propos of the article by Mr. Sidney Lee on<br />
Thomas Thorpe in the " Dictionary of National<br />
Biography," Mr. Lee has now asked the critics<br />
of his theory to await, before passing further<br />
censure, the appearance of his forthcoming<br />
biography of Shakespeare.<br />
Mr. Alfred Whitman, of the British Museum,<br />
has written a work on "The Masters of Mezzo-<br />
tint," which Messrs. Bell will publish, with sixty<br />
illustrations.<br />
A new novel by Mr. W. C. Scully, author of<br />
"Between Sun and Sand," and other tales of the<br />
South African desert, is being published by<br />
Messrs. Methuen, under the title " A Vendetta of<br />
the Desert."<br />
Mr. William Westall's new novel, "A Red<br />
Bridal," is to be published by Messrs. Chatto<br />
and Windus, who will also issue soon a volume<br />
entitled " Slum Silhouettes," by Mr. J. D. Bray-<br />
shaw.<br />
Mr. F. G. Aflalo is editing a book on the cost<br />
of sport, with practical information contributed<br />
by a number of the specialists who wrote for the<br />
"Encyclopaedia of Sport," of which splendid<br />
work Mr. Aflalo was one of the editors. The<br />
actual expenditure involved in angling, shooting,<br />
hunting, and other sports will be estimated for<br />
various incomes, and the scope of the work will<br />
be comprehensive.<br />
Those rights in Mr. William Watson's works<br />
hitherto held by Messrs. Macmillan have been<br />
purohased by Mr. John Lane, who is preparing a<br />
collected edition of Mr. Watson's poems in a<br />
single volume, which will appear this season.<br />
Mrs. Pender, an Irish lady, some time ago<br />
wrote an Ulster story of the '98 period entitled<br />
"The Green Cockade." The book was printed<br />
in Ireland, and the other day the London<br />
firm, Messrs. Downey, received a consign-<br />
ment of 100 copies. Since then, however, a<br />
fire at the printers has destroyed not only the<br />
other sheets of the book that had been printed,<br />
but the type as well.<br />
"The Gospel Writ in Steel" is the title of<br />
Mr. Arthur Paterson's new novel. It is about<br />
the American Civil War, but the interest<br />
is romantic rather than historical. Messrs.<br />
Innes are the publishers.<br />
One of the chapters of Mr. Justin McCarthy's<br />
reminiscences, to be published shortly by Messrs.<br />
Chatto and Windus, is entitled " The Princes of<br />
Literature," and contains Mr. McCarthy's recol-<br />
lections of Dickens and Thackeray, Carlyle,<br />
Tennyson, Browning. Another chapter deals<br />
with his acquaintanceship with John Stuart Mill.<br />
This week the third volume of the Blackwood<br />
Annals will appear. Mrs. Oliphant, of course,<br />
edited the two already published, and this one,<br />
which brings the story of the publishing house<br />
down to John Blackwood's death in 1879, has<br />
been compiled by Mrs. Gerald Porter.<br />
Mr. Bennet Burleigh, the war correspondent of<br />
the Daily Telegraph, who has distinguished<br />
himself so greatly in the Soudan, is writing an<br />
account of the campaign down to its close at<br />
Omdurman.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 144 (#156) ############################################<br />
<br />
i44<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
"Book Auctions of the Seventeenth Century"<br />
is the next volume in the Book-Lovers' Library,<br />
published by Mr. Stock. The author is Mr.<br />
John Lawler.<br />
The Christmas issue of the Portfolio will be a<br />
monograph on " George Morland and the Evolu-<br />
tion from him of some later Painters," by Mr. J. T.<br />
Nettleship.<br />
The latest of new magazines is a penny one,<br />
that aims at being fully equal to the sixpenny<br />
monthlies. It is published by Messrs. Cassell,<br />
and its title, the New Penny Magazine is<br />
after the periodical "originated by Charles<br />
Knight, and dear to the reading public in the<br />
days of our fathers." There are sixty pages,<br />
with numerous illustrations, and the character of<br />
the contents is the same as that of the popular<br />
magazines of to-day.<br />
"The Lays of the Knights," a book of poems<br />
by the Rev. C. W. Barraud, will be published by<br />
Messrs. Longman.<br />
Mr. J. H. Adeane has edited a work entitled<br />
"The Early Married Life of Maria Josepha,<br />
Lady Stanley, from 1796," which Messrs. Long-<br />
man will publish shortly.<br />
The letters given in Mrs. Richmond Ritchie's<br />
introduction to the seventh volume in the valu-<br />
able Biographical Edition of Thackeray's Works<br />
which she is editing, deal chiefly with the<br />
novelist's experiences as a lecturer. At a time<br />
when all the relations of the home country with<br />
America are so much discussed, an extract from<br />
one of the letters from Thackeray during a tour<br />
in the States may be found interesting. He is<br />
writing from Boston on Dec. 22, 1852, to Mrs.<br />
Proctor:—<br />
Ab for writing abont this country—about Goshen, about<br />
Canada, flowing with milk and honey, about the friends I<br />
have found here, and who are helping me to procure inde-<br />
pendence for my children, if I cut jokes against them may<br />
I choke on the instant. If I can say anything to show that<br />
my name is really Makepeace, and to increase the source of<br />
love between the two countries, then, please God, I will.<br />
The laugh dies out as we get old, you see, but the love and<br />
the truth don't, praised be God! And I begin to think of<br />
the responsibilities of this here pen now writing to yon<br />
with a feeling of no small awe.<br />
Mr. Wheatley's edition of Pepys will be com-<br />
pleted by the issue of the ninth and tenth<br />
volumes in January. The former will contain an<br />
exhaustive index; the latter, a supplementary<br />
volume, will contain appendices and Pepysian<br />
miscellanea.<br />
Bismarck's memoirs will be published in<br />
English this month by Messrs. Smith, Elder,<br />
and Co. in this country and Messrs. Harper<br />
and Brothers in the United States.<br />
A small album presented by Tennyson to a<br />
fellow-undergraduate when at Cambridge has just<br />
been sold at Messrs. Hodgson and Co.'s sale-room<br />
in Chancery-lane. It contained the original MS.<br />
of St. Agnes' Eve and two other poems, in the<br />
poet's own handwriting. The little volume<br />
realised the high price of .£32.<br />
"The History of a Man," by the Man, will be<br />
published shortly by Mr. Burleigh. It deals<br />
with that aspect of human nature which Mr.<br />
Balfour declared the most interesting — the<br />
development of character.<br />
A hitherto unpublished series of historical<br />
studies of the Stuart period by Thomas Carlyle<br />
is being brought out by Messrs. Chapman and<br />
Hall. These were for a projected history of<br />
the first two Stuart Kings of England, and they<br />
are printed from a MS. left under the author's<br />
will to his niece, and edited by her husband, Mr.<br />
Alexander Carlyle. The volume will be pub-<br />
lished under the title "Historical Sketches of<br />
Noted Persons and Events in the Reigns of<br />
James I. and Charles I." The portion devoted<br />
to James I. contains chapters on Elizabeth's<br />
Funeral, Shakespeare, the Gunpowder Plot, the<br />
Hampton Court Conference, &c.<br />
A new Irish story by "Rita" will be published<br />
shortly by Messrs. Hutchinson.<br />
Miss L. S. Tiddeman has just brought out two-<br />
new stories. The first, called " Reine's Kingdom,"<br />
is published at the National Society's Depository.<br />
The second, "Rosa's Repentance," by Messrs.<br />
Blackie.<br />
A new work by Mr. Fred Reynolds, author of<br />
"A Tangled Garden," will be published at once by<br />
James Bowden, under the title of "An Idyll of<br />
the Dawn."<br />
Mrs. Aylmer Gowing's new book, entitled " A<br />
Touch of the Sun," will be published early in<br />
this month by Mr. Burleigh.<br />
"The Genius" (6d.), by Lessey Beard, will be<br />
published on the 5th Nov. Another book by the<br />
same author, comprising a collection of short<br />
stories, sketches, &c., will also be ready in<br />
November.<br />
Mrs. Edith E. Cuthell's new children's book is<br />
just published by the S.P.C.K., under the title of<br />
"A Bad Little Girl and her Good Little Brother,"<br />
illustrated by Mrs. Farmiloe.<br />
A new novel, entitled "Uncle Jack from<br />
America," by Edith C. Kenyon and R. G. Soans,<br />
is being published by Simpkin, Marshall, and Co.<br />
The story has been very successful as a serial in<br />
England and America.<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 145 (#157) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
»45<br />
OBITUARY.<br />
THE BOOZS OF THE MONTH.<br />
MR. HA.ROLD FREDERIC died at his<br />
residence at Kenley, Surrey, from<br />
syncope, on Oct. 19. He was in his<br />
forty-third year, and had been prostrated since<br />
Aug. 12, on which day he had a stroke of<br />
paralysis. Journalist and author, he was a<br />
native of Utica, and, before becoming a member<br />
of the staff of the New York Times, he edited for<br />
brief periods—first, the Utica Observer, and<br />
afterwards the Albany Evening Journal. In<br />
1884 he came to England as the special corre-<br />
spondent of the New York Times, for which he<br />
did much brilliant work, and travelled over<br />
Europe. His first novel to appear was " Seth's<br />
Brother's Wife" (1887), a study of American<br />
rural life. "In the Valley" and several others<br />
followed, but Mr. Frederic's most striking success<br />
was achieved with " Illumination," published in<br />
the spring of 1896—a novel which, by the way,<br />
had the somewhat exceptional distinction of being<br />
published under another title in America, namely,<br />
"The Damnation of Theron Ware." "March<br />
Hares," which followed, appeared under a nom, de<br />
guerre, and was a slighter work on London life;<br />
and the one which will be compared with<br />
"Illumination" is his "Gloria Mundi," a<br />
romance of English social life, which will be pub-<br />
lished to-day. Just before his death he had<br />
revised his last work of fiction, which is called<br />
"The Market Place."<br />
The late Mr. Gleeson White, the editor of the<br />
Studio, was one of the best-known writers on art<br />
subjects in the metropolis, and connoisseur of<br />
woodcuts and rare prints. His works include<br />
"English Illustration in the Sixties," " Practical<br />
Designing," "Salisbury Cathedral," "Master<br />
Painters of Great Britain." He published anony-<br />
mously a series of rather notable prose parodies<br />
of well-known authors, under the title " Letters<br />
to Eminent Hands," and another series, " Letters<br />
to Living Artists." The ex-Libris series of<br />
books was edited by Mr. Gleeson White, who<br />
also compiled a charming collection of " Ballads<br />
and Rondeaux" for the Canterbury Poets series.<br />
He died suddenly on Oct. 19, at the age of forty-<br />
seven, from typhoid fever contracted during a<br />
recent visit to Italy.<br />
From Ottawa the death is announced of Mr.<br />
William Kingsford, the distinguished Canadian<br />
historian. Mr. Kingsford was born in London in<br />
1819.<br />
[Sept. 24 to Oct. 22—502 Books.]<br />
Abbott, E. A. St Thomas of Canterbury. 24/- Black.<br />
Adams, E. D. A Girl of To-Day. 3/6. Blackie.<br />
Addison, Kate. Economical Cookery. 1/6. Hodder.<br />
Alexander, W. Primary Convictions. 3/6. Harper.<br />
Alexander, Mrs. The Cost of Her Pride. 6/- White.<br />
Allen, Grant. Venice. Historical Guide. 3/6 net. Richards.<br />
Allen, Phcebe. May-Duke Blossoms. -i,- S.P.O.K.<br />
Ambrose, W., and Ferguson, W. B. band Transfer Acts 1875 and<br />
1897, and mnd Transfer Rules and Forms 1898, with Notes. 10/-<br />
Butterworth.<br />
Andrews, 0. M. Historical Development of Modern Europe. Vol. 2.<br />
1850-97. 12/6. Putnam.<br />
Andrews, M. The Child of the Lighthouse. 1/6. W.Gardner.<br />
Anonymous (A Literary Club). Various Quills. 5/- Arnold.<br />
Anonymous (J. A.). The Coming of Spring. 1/- net. Blackwell.<br />
Anonymous (iff. A. B.). Man-Stories of a Black Snake 6/-<br />
Whlttaker.<br />
Anonymous (A. M. F.). Foreign Courts and Foreign Homes. 6/-<br />
Longman.<br />
Anonymous. 11 Alfred the Great," <fcc., on the Egyptian Campaign.<br />
6d. Arrowsmitn.<br />
Anonymous (author of " Not a Saint";. Bitter Penitence. 1/6.<br />
Stevens.<br />
Anonymous (A. E. D.). Helen's Probation. 1/6. S P.O.K.<br />
Anonymous (S. L. H. G.). In His Service. Story. 2/- S P.C.K.<br />
Anonymous (Three Old Boys). KiDgswood School: Its History. 8/-<br />
net. Kelly.<br />
Anson, Sir W. (ed.). Autoblography, Ac., of the Third Duke of<br />
Grafion. 18/- Murray.<br />
Anstey, F. Paleface and Bedskln. 6/- Richards.<br />
Armstrong, Annie. My Ladies Three. 3/6. Warne.<br />
Ashby, H. Health in the Nursery. 3/6. Longman.<br />
Atchison, O. C. Sprightly Fancies, Ac. 1/- Simpkin.<br />
Atberton, Gertrude. The Californians. 6/- Lane.<br />
Atkinson, 0. C. Evolution of Revelation of God. 1/- net.<br />
Manchester: Sherratt and Hughes.<br />
Austin, Alfred. Lamia's Winter Quarters. 9/- Macmillan.<br />
Austin, Stella. Our Next-Door Neighbour. 2/6. W.Gardner.<br />
Badrick, F. G. The Stone Door. 2/6. National Soc.<br />
Balfour, G. Educational Systems ol Great Britain and Ireland. 7/6.<br />
Frowde.<br />
Ballingall, J. A Prince of Edom. 2/6. A. Gardner.<br />
Balmforth, R. The Evolution of Christianity. 2/6. Sonnenschein.<br />
Bamford, A. J. Things that are Made. 2/6. Alexander.<br />
Bankes, R. A Story Book for Lesson Time. 1/- Constable.<br />
Barber, W. T. A. David Hill, Missionary and Saint. 3/6. Kelly.<br />
Baring-Gould, S. An Old English Home and its Dependencies. 6/-<br />
Methuen.<br />
Baring-Gould, S. Domitla. A Story of Ancient Rome. 6/- Methuen.<br />
Barron, Elwyn. Menders. 6/- Macqueen.<br />
Barry, J. A. The Luck of the Native Born. Macqueen.<br />
Baratow, 0. H. Through Deep Waters. 1/6. Warne.<br />
Beamea, Mrs. F. A Forgotten Christmas, Ac. 1/- Blackie.<br />
Becke, L. Rodman the Boatateerer, Ac. 6/- Unwin.<br />
Beddard, F. E. Structure and Classincation of Birds. 21/- net.<br />
Beddow, F. First Stage Inorganic Chemistry (Practical). II- Cllve.<br />
Besant, Walter. The Changeling. 6/- Chapman.<br />
Birch, G. A. (ed ). King Rene's Honeymoon Cablnet. 5/- net.<br />
Batsford.<br />
Birchenough, Mabel 0. Potsherds. 6/- Cassell.<br />
Birrell, Augustine. Sir Frank Lockwood. 10/6. Smith and E.<br />
Blabs, F. (tr. by H. St. J. Thackeray). Grammar of New Testament<br />
Greek. 14/- net. Macmillan.<br />
Bliss, F. J. Excavations at Jerusalem, 1894-97. 12/6 net.<br />
Palestine Expl. Fund.<br />
Bloundelle-Burton, J. The Scourge of God. A Romance. 6/- Clarke.<br />
Blount, C. Some Bimilies from the " Paradiso" of Dante Alighieii.<br />
3/6. Chapman.<br />
Boldrewood, R. A Romance of Canvas Town. 6/- Macmillan.<br />
Boothby, Guy. Across the World for a Wife. 5/- Ward and L.<br />
Bosworth, G. F. Essex, Past and Present. 2/- Philip.<br />
Boulger, D. 0. The Congo State 16/- Thacker.<br />
Bowles, G. S. A Gun-room Ditty Box. 2/- Cat<br />
Brabrook, E. W. Provident Societies and Industrial Welfare.<br />
-'6.<br />
Braine, S. E. The Turkish Automaton. 3/6.<br />
Bretherton, R. H. Nothing Personal. 1/- net.<br />
Briggs. Alice J. Bessie's Ministry. 1/6.<br />
Brooke, Stopford. The Gospel of Joy. 6/-<br />
Brooks, Noah (ed.). The Story of Marco Polo. 6/-<br />
Brown, W. L. Inebriety Among the Ancients. 1/- net.<br />
Blackie.<br />
J. Baker.<br />
Culley.<br />
Ishister.<br />
Murray.<br />
Co.<br />
Brunetiere, F. (tr. by R. Derechef). Manual of the History of French<br />
Literature. 12/- Unwin<br />
Brunker, H. M. E. Questions on Organisation and Equipment<br />
Subject G. 2/6. Cloves<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 146 (#158) ############################################<br />
<br />
146<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
Brunn, D. (tr. by L. A. E. B.). The Care-dwellers of Southern<br />
Tunisia. 13/- Thicker.<br />
Buchanan, Robert. Father Anthony. 6/- Long.<br />
Buck, R. 0. A Manual of Algebra (for Sailors, Ac.). 3/6. Qrlffln.<br />
Budge, E. A. Wallis (ed.). Coptic Psalter: The Earliest Known.<br />
15/- net. Paul.<br />
Burke, Mrs. W. A. The Structure of Life. 2/- net. Art Book Co.<br />
Burneside, Margaret The Delusion of Diana. 6/- Arnold.<br />
Burnett, J. C. The Change of Life in Women. 3/6. Homoep. Pub. Co.<br />
Burnside, H. M.; and Monnsey, R. E. Stories of Land and Sea.<br />
2/6. Tuck.<br />
Burnside, H. M.; Quest, A., 4c. Little Bright Eyes. 2/6. Tuck.<br />
Burrage. E. H. Out of the Deep. 2/- Partridge.<br />
Burton, Beginald G. Tropica end Snows. 16/- Arnold.<br />
Butler, S. The Iliad, rendered into English Prose. 7/6. Longman.<br />
Butterworth, A. R. Criminal Evidence Act, 1898. 5/- Sweet and M.<br />
Caird, John. University Addresses. 6/-net. Glasgow: Maclehoee.<br />
Caltlicott, Frances A. Hollinburst 6/- Chapman.<br />
Campbell, Ellen. Twin Pickles. 1/- Blackie.<br />
Campbell, R. J. The Bestored Innocence. 1/6. Hodder.<br />
Canon, A. Herbert Clutterbuck. 2/- S.P.C.K,<br />
Carrington, Edith. The Farmer and the Birds. 1/- Bell.<br />
Carry), Q. W. Fables for the Frivolous. 6/- Harper.<br />
Carvalho, C. N. Otterburn Chase. 2/6. S.P.C.K.<br />
Chaplin, Mrs. M. A. Sunlit Spray from Billows of Life. 2/- net.<br />
Stoneman.<br />
Chappell, Jennie. Four Noble Women and their Work. 1/6. Partridge.<br />
Chesney, W. The Adventures of a Solicitor. 2/6. Bowden<br />
Chetwode. R. D. The Knight of the Golden Chain. 6/- Pearson.<br />
Clarke, Mrs. C. M. Strong as Death. 6/- Mitre Press.<br />
Clarke,Mrs. H. Reuben Thorne's Temptation. 2/- S.P.C.K.<br />
Clarke, J. W. Pumps : their Principles. 2/6. Batrford.<br />
Clarke, W. N. An Outline of Christian Theology. 7/6. CUrk.<br />
Clodd, Edward. Tom Tit Tot. 5/- net. Duckworth.<br />
Clow, W. M. In the Day of the Cross. 3/6. 8ands.<br />
Cobban, J. Maclaren. The Angel of the Covenant. 6/- Metbuen<br />
Coleridge, Christabel R. Bough Cast. 1/6. S.P.C.K.<br />
Coleridge, Christabel R. Number One. 1/- S.P.C.K.<br />
Colllngwood, H. A Pirate of the Caribbees. »/- Griffith.<br />
Colllngwood. H. An Ocean Chase. 5/- Griffith.<br />
Oolomb, P. H. Memoirs of Sir Astley Cooper Key. 16/- Methuen.<br />
Conybeare, F. C. (ed.) Anecdota Oxoniensia. Part 8. 7/6. Frowde.<br />
Coote, Rev. Sir A. Twelve Sermons. 2,6. Nisbet<br />
Corbet, S. and K. Syhil's Garden of Pleasant Beasts. 57-<br />
Duckworth.<br />
Corelli, M.; Dondney, S., and others. Fifty-two Sundsy Stories for<br />
Boys and Girls. 5/- Hutchinson.<br />
Corfe, B. P. C. Official Attacks on Christianity. Vol. 2. 1/6. Slmpkln.<br />
Corvo, Baron. Stories Toto told Me. l/-net. Lane.<br />
Cowell. R. C. Bird Minstrels. 1/6. Culley.<br />
Cowper, F. The ialand of the English. 5/- Seeley.<br />
Cox.M. B. The Boyal Pardon. 1/6. S.P.C.K.<br />
Craig, J. D. Bruce Beynell, M.A. 6/- Stock.<br />
Creighton, Mandell. Lessons from the Cross. 2/6. Nlsbet.<br />
Crockett, S. R. The Red Axe. 6/- Smith and E.<br />
Cuthell, Mrs. E. E. A Bad Little Girl, Ac. 2/- S.P.C K.<br />
Cutts, E L. Parish Priests anil their People in the Middle Ages in<br />
England. 7/6. S.P.C.K.<br />
Da Costa, J. C. Manual of Modern Surgery. 21/- net. Kimpton.<br />
Darwin, G. H. The Tides and Kindred Phenomena in the Solar<br />
System. 7/6. Murray.<br />
Davidson, John. Godfrida. A Play. 5/- net Lane.<br />
Davidson, L. Catechism on Field Training. 2/6 net. Gale.<br />
Davidson, L, Guides and Market s' Duties in Company Drill 1/-<br />
net. Gale.<br />
Davidson, L. Guides and Markers' Dnties in Company, Ac., Move-<br />
ments. 2/- net. Gale.<br />
Davies, J. L. Spiritual Apprehension. 6/- Macmfllan.<br />
Davies. W. G. The People's Progress. 3/6. Stock.<br />
Davis, Edith S. Major Brown. 1/6. Partridge.<br />
Dawson, W. J. Judith Boldero 6/- Bowden.<br />
Dawson, W. J. Table Talk with Young Men. 3/6. Hodder.<br />
Deane, A. E. A Guilty Silence. 2/- National Sue.<br />
Debenham, Mary H. My Lady's Slippers 3/- National Soc.<br />
De Graffigny, H. (ed. by A. G. Elliott). Gas and Petroleum Engines<br />
2/6. Whittaker.<br />
Dews, S. A. A Natural History Key. 3/6. Simpkin.<br />
Dexter, T. F. G., and Garlick, A. H. Psychology In the Schoolroom.<br />
4/6. Longman.<br />
Dick. G. Fitch and His Fortunes. 6/- Stock.<br />
Dimock, Bev. A. The Cathedral Church of Southwell. 1/6. Bell.<br />
Dodd, C, J, Intro, to Herbatian Principles of Teaching. 4/6.<br />
Sonnenschein.<br />
Duppa, C. M. Storles from Lowly Life. 4/6. Mai millan.<br />
Dutton, W. H. (ed.). The Boots and Shoes of Our Ancestors. 21/-<br />
Chapman.<br />
Earl, A. The Living Organism. 6/- Macmillan.<br />
Eden, C. H. At Sea under Drake. 6/- Skefiington.<br />
Edwards, C. Shadowed by the Gods. 6/- Sands.<br />
Ellas, R. The Tendency of Religion. 3/6. Chapman.<br />
Ellis, E. S. Cowmen and Bustlers. 2/6. Cassell.<br />
Ellis, E. S. Astray in the Forest. 1/6. Cassell.<br />
Ellis, E. S. Captured by Indians. 1/6. Cassell.<br />
Ellis, E. S. Klondike Nuggets. 2/6. Cassell.<br />
Ellis, E. S. Scouts and Comrades. 2/6. Cassell.<br />
Ellis, T. M. God is Love. A Novel. 3/6. Burleigh.<br />
Everett-Green, E. French and English. 5/- Nelson.<br />
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