271 | https://historysoa.com/items/show/271 | The Author, Vol. 05 Issue 07 (December 1894) | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%3Cem%3EThe+Author%3C%2Fem%3E%2C+Vol.+05+Issue+07+%28December+1894%29"><em>The Author</em>, Vol. 05 Issue 07 (December 1894)</a> | | | <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013732253" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013732253</a> | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Publication">Publication</a> | 1894-12-01-The-Author-5-7 | | | | | 169–200 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=89&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=5">5</a> | | | | | | | | | | | <a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=76&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1894-12-01">1894-12-01</a> | | | | | | | 7 | | | 18941201 | C be El u t b or,<br />
(The Organ of the Incorporated Society of Authors. Monthly.)<br />
CON DUCTED BY WALTER BES.A.N.T.<br />
VoI. W.-No. 7.]<br />
DECEMBER 1, 1894.<br />
[PRICE SIXPENCE.<br />
For the Opinions eaſpressed in papers that are<br />
signed or initialled the Authors alone are<br />
responsible. None of the papers or para-<br />
graphs must be taken as earpressing the<br />
collective opinions of the committee unless<br />
they are officially signed by G. Herbert<br />
Thring, Sec.<br />
HE Secretary of the Society begs to give notice that all<br />
remittances are acknowledged by return of post, and<br />
requests that all members not receiving an answer to<br />
important communications within two days will write to him<br />
without delay. All remittances showld be crossed Union<br />
Bank of London, Chancery-lane, or be sent by registered<br />
letter only.<br />
Communications and letters are invited by the Editor on<br />
all subjects connected with literature, but on no other sub-<br />
jects whatever. Articles which cannot be accepted are<br />
returned if stamps for the purpose accompany the MSS.<br />
*-* —”<br />
,-- - -,<br />
WARNINGS AND ADVICE.<br />
I. RAWING THE AGREEMENT. It is not generally<br />
understood that the author, as the vendor, has the<br />
absolute right of drafting the agreement upon<br />
whatever terms the transaction is to be carried out.<br />
Authors are strongly advised to exercise that right. In<br />
every form of business, this among others, the right of<br />
drawing the agreement rests with him who sells, leases, or<br />
has the control of the property.<br />
2. SERIAL RIGHTS.–In selling Serial Rights remember<br />
that you may be selling the Serial Right for all time; that<br />
is, the Right to continue the production in papers. If you<br />
object to this, insert a clause to that effect.<br />
3. STAMP YOUR AGREEMENTs. – Readers are most<br />
URGENTLY warned not to neglect stamping their agreements<br />
immediately after signature. If this precaution is neglected<br />
for two weeks, a fine of £Io must be paid before the agree-<br />
ment can be used as a legal document. In almost every<br />
case brought to the secretary the agreement, or the letter<br />
which serves for one, is forwarded without the stamp. The<br />
author may be assured that the other party to the agree-<br />
ment seldom neglects this simple precaution. The Society,<br />
to save trouble, undertakes to get all the agreements of<br />
members stamped for them at no ea pense to themselves<br />
eaccept the cost of the stamp.<br />
4. AsCERTAIN WHAT A PROPOSED AGREEMENT GIVES TO<br />
BOTH SIDES BEFORE SIGNING IT.-Remember that an<br />
"VOL. W.<br />
arrangement as to a joint venture in any other kind of busi-<br />
ness whatever would be instantly refused should either party<br />
refuse to show the books or to let it be known what share he<br />
reserved for himself.<br />
5. LITERARY AGENTS.–Be very careful. You cannot be<br />
too careful as to the person whom yow appoint as your<br />
agent. Remember that you place your property almost un-<br />
reservedly in his hands. Your only safety is in consulting<br />
the Society, or some friend who has had personal experience<br />
of the agent. Do not trust advertisements alone.<br />
6. CosT OF PRODUCTION.——Never sign any agreement of<br />
which the alleged cost of production forms an integral part,<br />
until you have proved the figures.<br />
7. CHOICE OF PUBLISHERS.—Never enter into any cor-<br />
respondence with publishers, especially with those who ad-<br />
vertise for MSS., who are not recommended by experienced<br />
friends or by this Society.<br />
8. FUTURE WORK.—Never, on any account whatever,<br />
bind yourself down for future work to anyone.<br />
9. PERSONAL RISK.—Never accept any pecuniary risk or<br />
responsibility whatever without advice.<br />
Io. REJECTED MSS.—Never, when a MS. has been re-<br />
fused by respectable houses, pay others, whatever promises<br />
they may put forward, for the production of the work.<br />
II. AMERICAN RIGHTS.—Never sign away American<br />
rights. Keep them by special clause. Refuse to sign any<br />
agreement containing a clause which reserves them for the<br />
publisher, unless for a substantial consideration.<br />
12. CESSION OF COPYRIGHT.-Never sign any paper,<br />
either agreement or receipt, which gives away copyright,<br />
without advice.<br />
13. ADVERTISEMENTs. – Keep some control over the<br />
advertisements, if they affect your returns, by a clause in<br />
the agreement.<br />
14, NEVER forget that publishing is a business, like any<br />
other business, totally unconnected with philanthropy,<br />
charity, or pure love of literature. You have to do with<br />
business men. Be yourself a business man.<br />
Society's Offices :-<br />
4, PORTUGAL STREET, LINCOLN's INN FIELDs.<br />
*-- - -*<br />
r- - --w<br />
HOW TO USE THE SOCIETY,<br />
I , VERY member has a right to ask for and to receive<br />
advice upon his agreements, his choice of a pub-<br />
lisher, or any dispute arising in the conduct of his<br />
business or the administration of his property. If the advice<br />
sought is such as can be given best by a solicitor, the member<br />
Q 2<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 170 (#184) ############################################<br />
<br />
170<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
has a right to an opinion from the Society's solicitors. If the<br />
case is such that Counsel's opinion is desirable, the Com-<br />
mittee will obtain for him Counsel’s opinion. All this<br />
without any cost to the member.<br />
2. Remember that questions connected with copyright<br />
and publisher's agreements do not generally fall within the<br />
experience of ordinary solicitors. Therefore, do not scruple<br />
to use the Society first—our solicitors are continually<br />
engaged upon such questions for us.<br />
3. Send to the office copies of past agreements and past<br />
accounts with the loan of the books represented. This is in<br />
order to ascertain what has been the nature of your agree-<br />
ments, and the results to author and publisher respectively<br />
so far. The Secretary will always be glad to have any<br />
agreements, new or old, for inspection and note. The infor-<br />
mation thus obtained may prove invaluable.<br />
4. If the examination of your previous business trans-<br />
actions by the Secretary proves unfavourable, you should<br />
take advice as to a change of publishers.<br />
5. Before signing any agreement whatever, send the pro-<br />
posed document to the Society for examination.<br />
6. The Society is acquainted with the methods, and—in<br />
the case of fraudulent houses—the tricks of every publish-<br />
ing firm in the country.<br />
7. Remember always that in belonging to the Society you<br />
are fighting the battles of other writers, even if you are<br />
reaping no benefit to yourself, and that you are advancing<br />
the best interests of literature in promoting the indepen-<br />
dence of the writer. -<br />
8. Send to the Editor of the Author notes of everything<br />
important to literature that you may hear or meet with.<br />
*- --"<br />
r- ºr ~,<br />
THE AUTHORS’ SYNDICATE,<br />
EMBERS are informed :<br />
I. That the Authors' Syndicate takes charge of<br />
the business of members of the Society. With, when<br />
necessary, the assistance of the legal advisers of the Syndi-<br />
cate, it concludes agreements, collects royalties, examines<br />
and passes accounts, and generally relieves members of the<br />
trouble of managing business details.<br />
2. That the expenses of the Authors' Syndicate are<br />
defrayed solely out of the commission charged on rights<br />
placed through its intervention. Notice is, however,<br />
hereby given that in all cases where there is no current<br />
account, a booking fee is charged to cover postage and<br />
porterage.<br />
3. That the Authors' Syndicate works for none but those<br />
members of the Society whose work possesses a market<br />
value.<br />
4. That the Syndicate can only undertake any negotiation<br />
whatever on the distinct understanding that those negotia-<br />
tions are placed exclusively in its hands, and that all<br />
communications relating thereto are referred to it.<br />
5. That clients can only be seen by the Director by<br />
appointment, and that, when possible, at least four days'<br />
notice should be given.<br />
6. That every attempt is made to deal with the corre -<br />
spondence promptly, but that owing to the enormous number<br />
of letters received, some delay is inevitable. That stamps<br />
should, in all cases, be sent to defray postage.<br />
7. That the Authors' Syndicate does not invite MSS.<br />
without previous correspondence, and does not hold itself<br />
responsible for MSS. forwarded without notice.<br />
8. That the Syndicate undertakes arrangements for<br />
lectures by some of the leading members of the Society;<br />
that it has a “Transfer Department" for the sale and<br />
purchase of journals and periodicals; and that a “Register<br />
of Wants and Wanted ” has been opened. Members anxious<br />
to obtain literary or artistic work are invited to com-<br />
municate with the Manager.<br />
There is an Honorary Advisory Committee, whose services<br />
will be called upon in any case of dispute or difficulty. It<br />
is perhaps necessary to state that the members of the<br />
Advisory Committee have no pecuniary interest whatever in<br />
the Syndicate.<br />
*- - -e<br />
a- - -º<br />
NOTICES.<br />
HE Editor of the Awthor begs to remind members of the<br />
Society that, although the paper is sent to them free<br />
of charge, the cost of producing it would be a very<br />
heavy charge on the resources of the Society if a great<br />
many members did not forward to the Secretary the modest<br />
6s. 6d. subscription for the year.<br />
The Editor is always glad to receive short papers and<br />
communications on all subjects connected with literature<br />
from members and others. Nothing can do more good to<br />
the Society than to make the Awthor complete, attractive,<br />
and interesting. Will those who are willing to aid in this<br />
work send their names and the special subjects on which<br />
they are willing to write P<br />
Communications for the Author should reach the Editor<br />
not later than the 21st of each month.<br />
All persons engaged in literary work of any kind, whether<br />
members of the Society or not, are invited to communicate<br />
to the Editor any points connected with their work which<br />
it would be advisable in the general interest to publish.<br />
Members and others who wish their MSS. read are<br />
requested not to send them to the Office without previously<br />
communicating with the Secretary. The utmost practicable<br />
despatch is aimed at, and MSS. are read in the order in<br />
which they are received. It must also be distinctly under-<br />
stood that the Society does not, under any circumstances,<br />
undertake the publication of MSS.<br />
The Authors’ Club is now open in its new premises, at<br />
3, Whitehall-court, Charing Cross. Address the Secretary<br />
for information, rules of admission, &c. - -<br />
Will members take the trouble to ascertain whether they<br />
have paid their subscriptions for the year P If they will do<br />
this, and remit the amount, if still unpaid, or a banker's<br />
order, it will greatly assist the Secretary, and save him the<br />
trouble of sending out a reminder.<br />
Members are most earnestly entreated to attend to the<br />
warning numbered (8). It is a most foolish and may be a<br />
most disastrous thing to enter into an agreement binding<br />
for a term of years. Let them ask themselves if they<br />
would give a solicitor the collection of their rents for five<br />
years to come, whatever his conduct, whether he was honest<br />
or dishonest? Of course they would not. Why then<br />
hesitate for a moment when they are asked to sign them-<br />
selves into literary bondage for three or five years P<br />
Those who possess the “Cost of Production ” are<br />
requested to note that the cost of binding has advanced 15<br />
per cent. This means, for those who do not like the trouble<br />
of “doing sums,” the addition of three shillings in the<br />
pound on this head. In other words, if the cost of binding<br />
is set down in our book at eight pounds, to this must now be<br />
added twenty-four shillings more, so that it now stands at<br />
£948. The figures in our book are as near the exact truth<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 171 (#185) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
171<br />
as can be procured; but a printer's, or a binder's, bill is so<br />
elastic a thing that nothing more exact can be arrived at. .<br />
Some remarks have been made upon the amount charged<br />
in the “Cost of Production” for advertising. Of course, we<br />
have not included any sums which may be charged for<br />
inserting advertisements in the publisher’s own magazines,<br />
or in other magazines by exchange. As agreements too<br />
often go, there is nothing to prevent the publisher from<br />
sweeping the whole profits of a book into his own pocket,<br />
by inserting any number of advertisements in his own<br />
magazines, and by exchanging with others. Some there are<br />
who call this a form of fraud; it is not known what those<br />
who practise this method of swelling their own profits call it.<br />
*-i- * ~ *<br />
g- > -s;<br />
LITERARY PROPERTY.<br />
I.—CANADIAN CoPYRIGHT.<br />
N Thursday, Oct. 18, a meeting of the sub-<br />
committee on Canadian copyright was<br />
held at 4.15 p.m. at the offices of the<br />
Incorporated Society of Authors, 4, Portugal-<br />
street, W.C. Mr. F. R. Daldy took the chair,<br />
and the other members were all present. The<br />
secretary read over the minutes of the former<br />
meeting, and they were signed by the chairman.<br />
Mr. Daldy then proceeded to give a statement of<br />
what took place during his visit to America and<br />
Canada. He informed the committee that un-<br />
fortunately he had arrived too late for the Ontario<br />
Conference, but that he had taken the opinions<br />
of a good many people in Canada, and, with the<br />
exception of a small ring of printers, he found<br />
that the people were ignorant of the steps that<br />
were being taken with regard to Canadian copy-<br />
right. In America, the opinion was very strongly<br />
opposed to the change in the law, and Mr. Daldy<br />
stated that he was informed on good authority<br />
that any such change as was suggested by the<br />
Canadians would be likely to prejudice American<br />
copyright in the British Dominions. Mr. Thring,<br />
the Secretary of the Society of Authors, confirmed<br />
this statement through a letter he had received<br />
privately from America. Mr. Daldy then stated<br />
that he had made a few observations on Sir John<br />
Thompson's report at the end of each paragraph,<br />
and he handed the members of the committee a<br />
copy of these observations, and requested that<br />
they would look carefully into the matter and<br />
make their own additions, so that at the next<br />
meeting the whole question could be finally gone<br />
into and settled. The meeting was then<br />
adjourned until the following Thursday to<br />
enable the sub-committee to study the report<br />
and formulate their reply.<br />
At two subsequent meetings of the sub-com-<br />
mittee an exhaustive answer to the report, taken<br />
paragraph by paragraph, was prepared, and also<br />
a covering letter, both of which documents were<br />
to be approved by the general committee and for-<br />
warded to the Government Department com-<br />
mittee.<br />
At a full meeting of the general committee,<br />
held at Mr. Murray's house in Albemarle-street,<br />
on Oct. 30, when Mr. Murray was voted into the<br />
chair, the report and covering letter were dis-<br />
cussed and finally approved, and it was resolved<br />
that they should at once be forwarded to the<br />
Colonial Office.<br />
It is hoped that at a later date the Marquis<br />
of Ripon will receive a deputation representing<br />
all the copyright interests.<br />
The committee of the Society will be careful<br />
that authors’ interests are adequately cared for<br />
on this deputation.<br />
II.-DEPUTATION ON CANADIAN CoPYRIGHT.<br />
Lord Ripon received at the Colonial Office, on<br />
Monday, Nov. 26, an influential deputation from<br />
the London Chamber of Commerce, and its four<br />
publishing trade sections, the Society of Authors,<br />
the Copyright Association, and the Printsellers'<br />
Association, which were represented by the<br />
following gentlemen: Mr. H. O. Arnold-Forster,<br />
M.P., Mr. E. M. Underdown, Q.C., Mr. Walter<br />
Besant, Mr. W. H. Lecky, Mr. G. Herbert Thring,<br />
Mr. F. R. Daldy, Mr. John Murray, Mr. T.<br />
Norton Longman, Mr. E. Marston, Mr. Edwin<br />
Ashdown, Mr. H. R. Clayton (Novello, Ewer,<br />
and Co.), Mr. Arthur Lucas, and Mr. A. Tooth.<br />
Sir ALBERT K. Ro1.1.1T, M.P., president of the<br />
London Chamber of Commerce, in introducing<br />
the deputation, expressed their thanks to Lord<br />
Ripon for the opportunity which had been<br />
afforded them of considering the despatch from<br />
Sir John Thompson, the Canadian Premier,<br />
demanding Imperial legislation which would<br />
explicitly confer upon the Parliament of Canada<br />
the power to legislate on all matters relating to<br />
copyright and to repeal the Imperial statutes in<br />
force on the subject. There was no feeling of<br />
hostility towards the Canadians on the part of<br />
the deputation; but while Canada had the right<br />
to legislate on those points which concerned her<br />
own printers and publishers, it was strongly felt<br />
that the proposed legislation was of a much wider<br />
character, and violated established principles upon<br />
which the whole copyright law of the empire had<br />
hitherto been determined. Prior to the Berne<br />
Convention the colonies were consulted, and each<br />
gave its consent to joining it. They therefore<br />
felt that this was an Imperial matter, and could<br />
not be satisfactorily dealt with on the lines<br />
suggested by Canada. They wished to protect<br />
literary property, in which the rights of authors<br />
and publishers, though not, perhaps, so tangible<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 172 (#186) ############################################<br />
<br />
I 72<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
as in the case of trade marks, were nevertheless<br />
quite as real, and the violation of which would<br />
involve injustice to them. Besides these con-<br />
siderations, the feeling with regard to the<br />
Canadian Act of 1889, which Sir John Thompson<br />
desired her Majesty’s Government to assent to,<br />
was that if it were passed it might create a<br />
precedent the effect of which would be almost<br />
unlimited.<br />
Mr. E. M. UNDERDown, Q.C., said the<br />
Canadians appeared to take the view that<br />
Imperial copyright infringed the rights of<br />
certain publishers in their country. There was<br />
no question as to copyright being property, and<br />
a most valuable one, and it seemed impossible to<br />
realise at this time of day that any nation should<br />
desire to disregard the rights of that property.<br />
It was to be regretted that the United States<br />
should have attached a manufacturing profit as<br />
a condition of copyright, an example which was<br />
sought to be followed by one of our own colonies.<br />
He was afraid they must characterise Sir John<br />
Thompson's demands as a pure attempt to<br />
further a particular trade—the Canadian re-<br />
printers—and he saw no reason which would<br />
justify her Majesty's Government in breaking<br />
away from a convention affecting the whole of<br />
the Empire. France, as a member of the Berne<br />
Convention, might also have cause of complaint<br />
because two millions of the Canadians were<br />
French and spoke that language. They should<br />
jealously guard the principle of copyright as<br />
property.<br />
Mr. WALTER BESANT pointed to the present<br />
condition of literary property in the English-<br />
speaking countries, and the effect which would be<br />
produced by such changes as were contemplated<br />
by the Canadians. They had at last succeeded,<br />
after fifty years of struggle, in obtaining from<br />
the United States an Act granting international<br />
copyright. By that Act they had obtained the<br />
protection of their works from piracy; they could<br />
bring them out in America, just as they did here;<br />
they could make arrangements and agreements<br />
with American publishers just as they did here<br />
with English publishers, and American authors<br />
had equal rights in this country. So what was<br />
ours became theirs by legal contract, and in the<br />
same way what was theirs became ours. We<br />
must remember that the new condition of things<br />
made the literature of the whole English-speaking<br />
world a common possession. It was an enormous<br />
possession. It was the possession of I2O million<br />
people, and as education spread and more readers<br />
came in every year—more by hundreds of<br />
thousands—it would become far more important<br />
for all concerned. Therefore it was above ail<br />
things necessary to watch over and guard with<br />
the utmost jealousy those newly-acquired rights.<br />
From the author's point of view the question was<br />
most serious, Where the foreign author had no<br />
rights he became a most deadly rival to the<br />
native author, because he could be produced for<br />
nothing. The American authors had only ceased<br />
to suffer from this cause during the three years<br />
since the Act was passed. They were already<br />
showing the increase of vitality and strength<br />
which was to be expected when they could com-<br />
pete with English authors on fair terms. Again,<br />
great as was the audience of our own Empire, the<br />
American audience was greater still. In a very<br />
short time, when the American publishers had<br />
settled down to the new conditions, a popular<br />
English author would find his best audience in<br />
the States. If, however, Canada had a separate<br />
Copyright Act of her own, what would happen?<br />
The separation of Canada from the States was by<br />
a long and imaginary frontier. It was impossible<br />
to keep Canadian books out of the States, or books<br />
printed in the States out of Canada. Then would<br />
begin again the old miserable game of cheap<br />
reprints vying with other cheap reprints. The<br />
American proclamation which gave English<br />
authors copyright would be torn to pieces. The<br />
piracies would go on again. Once more the<br />
Americans would publish our books for nothing.<br />
American authors who were now enjoying the<br />
new system which allowed them open competi-<br />
tion with each other and with British authors on<br />
fair terms would fall back upon the old state of<br />
things in which they used to compete against the<br />
book got for nothing. Worse still, all the old<br />
bitterness and recriminations would be revived.<br />
The question was, in short, should a country of<br />
five millions be allowed to wreak all this mischief<br />
and wrong upon a world of 122 millions in order<br />
to enrich two or three publishers by underselling<br />
the Americans?<br />
Mr. H. R. CLAYTON said that musical com-<br />
posers and publishers were specially affected by<br />
copyright questions. While the fact of there<br />
being 2,OOO,OOO French-speaking Canadians was<br />
important, the language of music was universal.<br />
The music publishers had availed themselves to<br />
a large extent of the Canadian Copyright Act of<br />
I875, which authorised the exclusion of American<br />
editions, but in spite of that they could not keep<br />
them out. He specially addressed himself to Sir<br />
John Thompson’s arguments in regard to the<br />
collection of authors’ royalties, and pointed out<br />
the great difficulty of collecting them. Sir John<br />
had suggested that English publishers preferred<br />
the American to the Canadian market; but the<br />
fact was that it was impossible to divide the two.<br />
Mr. F. R. DALDY said he had had an oppor-<br />
tunity while in America this year of consulting the<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 173 (#187) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I 73<br />
American Authors’ Association and the leading<br />
publishers, and he found that the feeling against<br />
the Canadian view was such that the American<br />
Minister in this country had been requested to<br />
ascertain officially what course Great Britain<br />
intended to adopt. It was declared that to<br />
accede to Canada’s request would more than<br />
jeopardise the President’s proclamation. What<br />
they said was, “We have given you a great boon;<br />
we gave it to you on the faith of the statements<br />
of the British Government that the copyright<br />
privileges which you gave us would run through-<br />
out the British dominions.” The difficulty of<br />
collecting the authors’ royalty under the proposed<br />
Act would be almost insuperable, especially in<br />
connection with stories passing through periodi-<br />
cals and newspapers, or even given away gratis.<br />
Mr. H. O. ARNOLD-TORSTER, M.P., concurred<br />
with previous speakers, and pointed out what<br />
would be the consequences if other parts of the<br />
Empire were allowed the privileges sought by<br />
Canada.<br />
The MARQUIs OF RIPON, in reply, said they<br />
would not expect him to give any opinion on the<br />
question at the present time. He was very glad<br />
to receive the deputation, because it was his duty<br />
to hear both sides. Sir John Thompson was now<br />
in England, and he proposed to have a full dis-<br />
cussion with him at the earliest opportunity; but<br />
he was anxious, before he entered into that dis-<br />
cussion, to hear the views of such important<br />
bodies as those which were represented by the<br />
deputation. Of course they would understand<br />
that the desires expressed by one of the great<br />
colonies were entitled to the most serious con-<br />
sideration of the Imperial Government, while, on<br />
the other hand, that the Government was bound<br />
not to overlook the interests of persons to whom<br />
the world was so much indebted as the repre-<br />
sentative authors and publishers who formed<br />
that deputation. He had no hesitation in pro-<br />
mising them that the views that had been<br />
expressed, and which might be expressed on the<br />
other side, would receive the serious consideration<br />
of her Majesty's Government.—Times, Nov. 27.<br />
III.-CAPE TOWN COPYRIGHT.<br />
T.<br />
Some change in the Cape copyright law, as it<br />
affects the sale of books, is an imperative neces-<br />
sity, and we trust that steps will be taken to<br />
make the desirable amendment without the loss<br />
of another session. Under the present law the<br />
sale of pirated editions of books is not prohibited,<br />
and, consequently, unscrupulous booksellers are<br />
able to do a lucrative business in this unholy<br />
traffic of men's brains, The existing law is a<br />
farce, and it would be interesting to ascertain<br />
what purpose the Legislature sought to serve by<br />
it. The Customs levy a special duty of 20 per<br />
cent. On foreign reprints of British copyrighted<br />
works, half of the proceeds to go to the owner of<br />
the copyright. We have never known of any<br />
account of this curious impost being rendered to<br />
the public, or of any list of remittances to authors<br />
being published. But supposing the system to<br />
be fully carried out, see what an inane system<br />
it is. A copyright work of Ruskin's is worth<br />
let us say, Ios. It is kept out of the colony<br />
by the substitution of a pirated edition at Is. 6d.<br />
We levy one shilling, and send sixpence out<br />
of it to Mr. Ruskin to compensate him for<br />
the loss of sale of a Ios. book on which the<br />
author's profit—Mr. Ruskin is generally his own<br />
publisher--would be no small part of the price.<br />
Nothing could be simpler than to prohibit alto-<br />
gether, as in the United Kingdom, the importa-<br />
tion of pirated books, photographs, or pictures.<br />
Nothing less will prevent what may be seen in<br />
Cape Town windows to-day — the unblushing<br />
vending of pirated matter. If nothing else will<br />
avail, let us invoke the great name of Imperial<br />
Federation in aid of reform. — Cape Argus,<br />
Wednesday, Oct. 17.<br />
II.<br />
Since our remarks appeared in Wednesday’s<br />
issue on the above matter, we have ascertained<br />
that the 20 per cent. ad valorem duty levied by the<br />
Customs on foreign reprints of British copyright<br />
books and music amounted in the years 1892 and<br />
1893 (according to the Statistical Register) to the<br />
magnificent total of £17 and £27 respectively,<br />
and that not half but the whole thereof is gene-<br />
rously distributed among the owners of the<br />
copyright—in number some dozen or score of<br />
persons or firms. We also learn that this 20 per<br />
cent, duty is levied on the value of the pirated<br />
editions themselves, costing in America often no<br />
more than a few cents. per volume, so that<br />
instead of Ruskin receiving, as his share, 20 per<br />
cent. on the value, Ios., of one of his books, that<br />
is—2s., he would actually receive no more than<br />
2O per cent. on the American cost of, say, 20<br />
cents. Of the pirated volume, or 5 cents.-a truly<br />
tuppenny ha'penny kind of compensation. It is a<br />
marvel that such a state of things has been tole-<br />
rated so long. It may also well be questioned<br />
whether the Customs really secure the payment of<br />
the 20 per cent. duty on all copyright works that<br />
enter the Colony. In fact we do not see how<br />
they can, unless they search through every case<br />
imported from Europe and America, which in prac-<br />
tice is impossible; nor would importers stand it<br />
and at the same time they would be required to<br />
have the titles of everyone of the thousands of<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 174 (#188) ############################################<br />
<br />
I 74<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
copyright works at their finger ends.-Cape<br />
Argus, Friday, Oct. 19.<br />
IV.-PHOTOGRAPHIC CoPYRIGHT.<br />
(Before Mr. Justice CoILINs, without a jury.)<br />
ELLIS v. OGDEN.<br />
Mr. Alfred Ellis, the plaintiff in this action, is<br />
a well-known photographer in Baker-street. The<br />
defendants, Messrs. Ogden, Smale, and Co., are<br />
the publishers of the Ludgate Monthly. The<br />
action was brought for an injunction to restrain<br />
the defendants from publishing certain photo-<br />
graphs, taken by the plaintiff, in their magazine,<br />
and for damages. There appeared for the plain-<br />
tiff Mr. Scrutton ; and for the defendants Mr.<br />
Ruegg.<br />
Mr. Scrutton, in opening the case, said that the<br />
persons the publication of whose photographs<br />
was complained of were Mr. Harry Nicholls and<br />
Mr. Charles Kenningham. Both of these gentle-<br />
men were well-known actors, and, at the request<br />
of the plaintiff, they (at different times) went to<br />
his studio to be photographed in character. There<br />
was no suggestion of payment. At the end of<br />
each sitting Mr. Ellis asked them to sit in plain<br />
clothes. This they did. They received copies of<br />
all the photographs taken, as a present, and each<br />
of them had subsequently bought copies of the<br />
plain clothes photographs, for which they had<br />
paid “reprint” prices. Mr. Nicholls had sent<br />
one of these to the Ludgate Monthly, and it had<br />
been published in a number containing an article<br />
upon him. Mr. Scrutton referred to section I of<br />
the Copyright (Works of Art) Act of 1862<br />
(25 & 26 Vict. c. 68), and maintained that on<br />
those facts the copyright in these photographs<br />
was the property of the photographer.<br />
Mr. Ellis gave evidence in support of the above<br />
facts, but Mr. Nicholls and Mr. Kenningham<br />
were both called by Mr. Ruegg, and they stated<br />
that it was they who asked for the plain clothes<br />
sitting. They went with the intention of being<br />
photographed on their own account when the<br />
character photographs were finished. The plain<br />
clothes photographs sent them previous to those<br />
paid for they regarded merely as proofs.<br />
Mr. Ruegg argued that these photographs<br />
were not, as were the character photographs,<br />
taken by the photographer for himself, but they<br />
were “made or executed for or on behalf of<br />
another person, for good or valuable considera-<br />
tion ” within the words of the above-mentioned<br />
statute.<br />
The learned judge said that he had before him<br />
a pure question of fact. Looking at the evidence,<br />
he had no doubt that the account given by Mr.<br />
Nicholls and Mr. Kenningham was correct. It<br />
was really not material who first suggested the<br />
plain clothes sitting. These gentlemen went to<br />
the studio intending to take the opportunity of<br />
being photographed in plain clothes. They were<br />
so photographed, they received proofs, and they<br />
paid for copies. Nothing was said or done to<br />
give the copyright to the plaintiff, Judgment<br />
must be for the defendants, with costs.—Times,<br />
Nov. 16, 1894.<br />
W.—ELLIS v. OGDEN—OPINION OF Counse:L.<br />
I write on the assumption that the Author<br />
will contain a report of the case of Ellis v.<br />
Ogden, recently tried before Mr. Justice Henn<br />
Collins.<br />
In that case a theatrical celebrity, having gone<br />
to a photographer to be taken in costume, was<br />
also photographed in plain clothes, either at<br />
his request or at that of the photographer, was<br />
subsequently presented with copies of his portrait,<br />
and later on bought others; and the question at<br />
issue on the trial of the action was whether the<br />
copyright in the portrait so produced belonged<br />
to the photographer, or whether it became the<br />
property of the sitter, the photograph having<br />
been “made or executed” on his behalf “for<br />
good or valuable consideration.”<br />
In the case before him, and from the facts<br />
given in evidence, Mr. Justice Collins drew the<br />
conclusion that the photograph was so executed<br />
as to give the celebrity in question the copyright<br />
in it. No doubt the learned judge was right;<br />
he had, according to the Times, conflicting testi-<br />
mony before him, and he believed one side and<br />
not the other. What I venture to question is<br />
the justice of the dictum attributed to him in the<br />
Times report that “It was really not material<br />
who first suggested the plain clothes sitting.”<br />
I venture to submit to you, and to your<br />
readers, that it is absolutely material who<br />
makes the first proposal in such a case. To put<br />
it broadly, I say that one of two things happens.<br />
Either the celebrity says (in substance) to the<br />
photographer, “Take me and give me copies of<br />
my portrait, and you may sell other copies as<br />
your reward,” in which case the former employs<br />
the latter and acquires the copyright; or the<br />
photographer says to the celebrity, “Let me take<br />
you and sell copies of your portrait, and I will<br />
give you copies of it as your reward ;” in which<br />
latter instance I submit that the photographer<br />
employs the celebrity as a sitter; or purchases<br />
permission to photograph him, and so should<br />
acquire the copyright in the production. If I am<br />
wrong, does not the following anomaly result P. A<br />
photographer takes a “snap shot ” at a celebrity<br />
without “by your leave or with your leave,” and<br />
thereby gets a picture of which he will own the<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 175 (#189) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I 75<br />
copyright. Another photographer who takes the<br />
same celebrity, but courteously asks permission<br />
first, and in acknowledgment of it presents some<br />
copies to the sitter, loses thereby the copyright<br />
in the picture he takes; that is, he loses it, if the<br />
inference of fact in his case follows the lines of<br />
Ellis v. Ogden, and that will be the case if the<br />
question “Who first suggested the sitting P” is<br />
disregarded.<br />
In any case photographers will do well to get<br />
agreements drawn and submit them for signature<br />
to celebrities who visit their studios before they<br />
proceed to take their pictures. E. A. A.<br />
VI.--THE Cost of PRODUCTION.<br />
A paper appeared on Nov. 3rd in a penny<br />
weekly on the production of novels. It took the<br />
form of an interview with a publisher, and it<br />
presented all the appearance of a genuine inter-<br />
view with an honourable man ; that is to say,<br />
not one who falsifies his accounts or charges for<br />
advertisements for which he has not paid. In<br />
the course of this interview the question of cost<br />
arose. The following is the publisher's estimate:—<br />
The book contains 482 pp., crown 8vo., pica<br />
type. The cost for composition, printing, and<br />
paper would be £68 IOS., author's corrections<br />
extra; binding, 319 15s. per IOOO copies; blocks<br />
for binding, 383 Ios.<br />
On referring to our own “Cost of Production,”<br />
we find the figures come out as follows:–<br />
£ s. d.<br />
Composition—3 I sheets, at<br />
19s. 6d. a sheet ... ... 29 I4 9<br />
Printing, at Ios. 5d. a sheet 16 2 II<br />
IPaper & © º 24 16 O<br />
Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I I O<br />
£IOI 14 8<br />
We shall have to revise our “Cost of Pro-<br />
duction.” Our estimate for such a book is<br />
£IOI 14s. 8d. Compared with £9 I I 5s., the pub-<br />
lisher's estimate. The secretary also reports that<br />
he has had in his hands estimates the items of<br />
which were much below those in our volume.<br />
WII.-A LETTER FROM I)R. JoHNSON.<br />
The New York Critic (Nov. Io, 1894) pub-<br />
lishes, under the heading of the “Boston Letter,”<br />
by Mr. Charles Wingate, a hitherto unpublished<br />
letter by Dr. Johnson. It was sold by Messrs.<br />
Puttock and Simpson in the year 1886 and was<br />
bought by an American. The following is<br />
tendered by Mr. Wingate as a correct copy:—<br />
“SIR,--I will tell you in a few words, what is,<br />
in my opinion, the most desirable state of copy-<br />
WOL. W.<br />
right or literary property. The Authour has a<br />
natural and peculiar right to the profits of his<br />
own work. But as every man who claims the<br />
protection of Society must purchase it by resign-<br />
ing some part of his natural right, the Authour<br />
must recede from so much of his claim, as shall .<br />
be deemed injurious or inconvenient to Society.<br />
It is inconvenient to Society that a useful book<br />
should become perpetual and exclusive property.<br />
The judgment of the Lords was therefore legally<br />
and politically right. But the Authour's term of<br />
his natural right might without any inconvenience<br />
be protracted beyond the term settled by the<br />
statute, and it is, I think, to be desired :<br />
“I. That an Authour should retain during his<br />
life the sole right of printing and selling his<br />
work. This is agreeable to moral right and not<br />
inconvenient to the publick. For who will be so<br />
diligent as the Authour to improve the book, or<br />
who can know so well how to improve it P<br />
“2. That the Authour be allowed by the present<br />
Act to alienate his right only for fourteen years.<br />
A shorter time would not procure a sufficient<br />
price, and a longer would cut off all hope of<br />
future profit, and consequently all solicitude for<br />
correction or addition.<br />
“3. That when after fourteen years the copy-<br />
right shall revert to the Authour, he be allowed to<br />
alienate it again only for seven years at a time.<br />
After fourteen years the value of the work will be<br />
known and it will be no longer bought at hazard.<br />
Seven years after possession will therefore have<br />
an assignable price. It is proper that the<br />
Authour be always invited to polish and improve<br />
his work, by that prospect of recovering it<br />
which the shorter periods of alienation will<br />
afford him.<br />
“4. That after the Authour's death his work<br />
should continue an exclusive property, capable of<br />
bequest and inheritance, and of conveyance by<br />
gift or sale for thirty years. By these regula-<br />
tions a work may continue the property of the<br />
Authour, or of those who claim for him, a term<br />
sufficient to reward the writer without any<br />
loss to the publick. In fifty years far the<br />
greater number of books are forgotten and<br />
annihilated, and it is for the advantage of learn-<br />
ing that those which fifty years have not destroyed<br />
should become bona communia, so to be used by<br />
every scholar as he shall think best.<br />
“In fifty years almost every book begins to<br />
require notes, either to explain forgotten allusions<br />
and obsolete words; or to suggest those dis-<br />
coveries which have been made by the gradual<br />
advancement of knowledge, or to correct those<br />
mistakes which time may have discovered.<br />
“Such notes cannot be written to any useful<br />
purpose without the text, and the text will fre-<br />
I&<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 176 (#190) ############################################<br />
<br />
176<br />
THE AUTHOIR.<br />
Quently (?) be inspected while it is any man’s<br />
property.<br />
“I am, Sir, your humble servant,<br />
“SAM JOHNSON.”<br />
*– ~ *-*.<br />
- - -<br />
THE “NET’” SYSTEM.<br />
T has been decided by the Committee to ask<br />
the opinion of every member of the Society<br />
upon the great and important change pro-<br />
posed by certain publishers in their dealings with<br />
booksellers. It is to be hoped that every member<br />
will take the trouble to consider the question, and<br />
will forward his opinion to the Secretary. Mem-<br />
bers will, of course, understand that it is a question<br />
very materially affecting their interests. It has<br />
been, so far, suggestive that the approval, or the<br />
opinion, of authors on the subject has not even<br />
been mentioned. Certain publishers are writing<br />
about it, the rest prudently abstain ; certain book-<br />
sellers hold one opinion, others hold the contrary.<br />
No one seems to consider that the opinion of<br />
the persons who should be principally concerned<br />
is worth the trouble of asking or inquiring. The<br />
following letters are submitted as containing the<br />
views of three out of the four parties concerned<br />
in the proposed change.<br />
The first two are written by authors of repute ;<br />
the “Publisher ” belongs to a very important<br />
house; the booksellers are what they represent<br />
themselves to be, dependent upon the business<br />
which they carry on.<br />
T.—FROM AN AUTHOR.<br />
I am very glad to hear that the committee<br />
propose to ascertain the consensus of opinion<br />
among members of the Authors’ Society on the<br />
question of “met” prices. I presume that a<br />
general meeting will be held for the purpose.<br />
The very decided opinion which I myself enter-<br />
tain on the matter has two grounds. In the first<br />
place I hold that all such restrictive interferences<br />
with freedom of contract are inevitably mis-<br />
chievous in the end; and, in the second place, I<br />
hold that the particular restriction now sought for<br />
will be detrimental alike to authors and to the<br />
public.<br />
Those authors who have not carefully con-<br />
sidered the question might, I think, not unfitly<br />
be guided by the decision which authors arrived<br />
at in 1852. If at that time, after inquiry and<br />
consultation, it was decided by a number of<br />
leading authors, literary and scientific, that the<br />
system of fixed prices from which no discounts<br />
were allowed was detrimental to them, the con-<br />
clusion that such a system, if now re-established,<br />
would be detrimental, is at any rate a highly<br />
probable one; for there have, so far as I know,<br />
taken place no changes which may be supposed<br />
to make the conclusion held valid in the one case<br />
invalid in the other.<br />
But it need not take long to form an inde-<br />
pendent judgment. There is often an irrational<br />
cry against middlemen, though middlemen are, in<br />
the majority of cases, very useful persons.<br />
But in all cases middlemen must be kept in<br />
order. They, of course, pursue their own<br />
interests, and, if allowed, will satisfy those<br />
interests at the expense of those they serve. This<br />
is obviously the case with the middlemen who<br />
constitute the various classes of the book trade as<br />
with all others. On the face of it, therefore, any<br />
proposal of change made by them must be looked<br />
upon with great suspicion.<br />
That a disadvantage is threatened in the<br />
present case will at once be seen when the essen-<br />
tials are divested of all details. It is contended<br />
that retail booksellers must have greater profits<br />
assured to them. These greater profits must be<br />
at the cost of some among the several parties<br />
concerned. At whose cost then P Those con-<br />
cerned are the writers, the readers, and the<br />
several classes of traders who come between<br />
them. Of these classes of traders one is to have<br />
greater gains. Will these greater gains come<br />
from the other classes of traders ? Will the<br />
publishers, for instance, sacrifice part of their<br />
profits for the benefit of retailers ? Certainly<br />
not. They can practically make their own terms,<br />
and will sacrifice nothing, if they do not even<br />
take a share of the extra gains. Will the sacri-<br />
fice be made by the wholesale bookseller? It is<br />
unlikely; for he, too, has power in his hands to<br />
make his own bargains, and can take care he<br />
does not lose by the change. There remain then<br />
the public and the authors, one or both of whom<br />
must suffer a loss that the retailers may gain.<br />
That the public will suffer a loss is clear, if the<br />
discounts now made from advertised prices are<br />
denied to them; for it is absurd to suppose that<br />
advertised prices will be lowered to balance the<br />
absence of discounts. If that were done publishers<br />
would gain nothing. Clearly, then, the loss<br />
would be borne directly by the public. But<br />
eventually a loss would also be borne by the<br />
authors. It is impossible that the prices of books<br />
can be raised to buyers without to some extent<br />
restricting the sales. “This book is advertised<br />
at 12s.,” says the buyer to the retailer. “That is<br />
too much ; I must go without it.” “But,” says<br />
the retailer, “you can have it for 9s.” “For 9s.,<br />
you say. I can afford 9s. You may let me have<br />
it.” Conversations of this kind, or thoughts<br />
corresponding to such conversations, must be of<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 177 (#191) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
177<br />
continual occurrence. Obviously, therefore, if<br />
discounts are given many more copies of a book<br />
are sold than would be sold in the absence of dis-<br />
counts, and of course diminution in the number<br />
of copies sold is diminution of the author's profit,<br />
though the rate of profit remains the same.<br />
Alike, then, on our own behalf and on behalf<br />
of the public, we are, I think, bound to oppose<br />
the attempt to establish “met ’’ prices.<br />
-->e--> --<br />
II.-FROM ANOTHER AUTHOR.<br />
The question must be considered from four<br />
points of view.<br />
1. That of the book-buying public:—<br />
At present the buyer obtains all books for cash<br />
at a reduction of 25 per cent. For a book<br />
advertised at 6s. he pays 4s. 6d. In fact, it is<br />
with books as with everything else, a large<br />
discount has to be made in selling them. It is<br />
now proposed that no discount at all shall be<br />
allowed. It is not proposed, however, that a<br />
book now published at 68, shall be published<br />
hereafter at 4s. 6d. It is only stated that a book<br />
which would have been published at 7s. 6d. will<br />
in future be published—say, at 6s. It has also<br />
been suggested that the 6s, book shall henceforth<br />
appear at 5s., without any discount at all. In<br />
other words, the immediate effect upon the public<br />
will be to raise the price of books.<br />
It is a time of trade depression, likely to become<br />
worse. Is it probable that the public will continue<br />
to buy what they can do without, when the price<br />
is raised ?. It does not seem probable.<br />
Again, there are only a certain limited number<br />
of people who can afford to buy books or anything<br />
else outside the mere necessaries of life. Between<br />
them they can only afford to spend a certain<br />
amount of money every year on books. The<br />
amount varies somewhat from year to year with<br />
good years and bad years, but there it is. If the<br />
price of books is raised the amount spent every<br />
year will perhaps be the same, but the number of<br />
books bought will be less. Who is benefited,<br />
therefore ?<br />
Another way to comsider the subject is this:<br />
For many years we have been gradually diminish-<br />
ing the price of books; this diminution has been<br />
helped by the discount bookseller; people have<br />
become accustomed to the cheapness of books;<br />
they are attracted by their cheapness; they are<br />
becoming, as their means allow, a people of book<br />
buyers. But if the books which are cheap<br />
become dear, the growing spirit of book buying<br />
will receive a check that may throw us back for<br />
years. And there is no doubt that the desire of<br />
the promoters of this movement is to make books<br />
dearer than they are,<br />
"WOL. W.<br />
2. From the author's point of view :—<br />
Since the first effect of the change will be to<br />
increase not only the price to the public, but also<br />
the price to the bookseller, the author will have<br />
to revise his system of royalties, or his method of<br />
sale should he sell his book outright. This may<br />
be a gain to him. But if fewer books are sold on<br />
account of these high prices, the change may be<br />
a loss to him. It will be for him personally to<br />
decide whether he will consent to an application of<br />
the “net ’’ system to his own work.<br />
3. From the publisher's point of view:—<br />
He will undoubtedly gain on every book. But<br />
will he dispose of so many P This doubt will<br />
probably make many publishers hesitate before<br />
they adopt the hard and fast “net” system.<br />
One may also ask why, seeing that of all trades<br />
publishing is the most lucrative, its followers<br />
should not be satisfied with what they have, and<br />
forbear the risk of losing it in the hope of getting<br />
Ill Ol’62.<br />
4. From the bookseller's point of view:—<br />
We may leave the booksellers to regulate their<br />
own business. But there are one or two points, apart<br />
from those urged above, which should make them<br />
hesitate. They will undoubtedly, like the pub-<br />
lisher, gain something on each book sold. But<br />
will they sell so many ? And if their customers<br />
are going to get no discount for cash, will they<br />
not decline to buy at all P A shrinkage of the<br />
trade will most certainly follow the adoption<br />
of the “met ’’ system, whether it will be perma-<br />
ment shrinkage or not remains to be seen. And<br />
who is to prevent a bookseller from giving dis-<br />
count P No one. It will be impossible to prevent<br />
him. He may not advertise the fact, but he will<br />
have to do, and then the bookseller will be in<br />
the pleasing position of paying more and getting<br />
less. At present he pays, probably, 38, 7#d. apiece<br />
on taking a dozen copies of a 6s. book. He<br />
sells them at 4s. 6d. each. There is a profit of<br />
Io; d. on each. If the 6s. book were reduced to<br />
5s. net, he would give the publisher, say, 3s. I Id.<br />
for it, and would sell it at 5s. Increased profit,<br />
2#d. But the discount would inevitably come in.<br />
The customer who has always before had 25 per<br />
cent. will not be contented with less than 15 per<br />
cent., or 9d, on each book, which he carries off<br />
for 4s. 3d. Decreased profit, 3d.<br />
Another consideration is the fact that by this<br />
change, if it is effected, the bookseller becomes<br />
the slave of the publisher. Books are put into<br />
his hand which he is to sell if he can at a certain<br />
stipulated price. There is no longer left any<br />
elasticity of trade, any freedom, any enterprise.<br />
Every bookseller will become a mere clerk, distri-<br />
buting and collecting. |<br />
R 2<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 178 (#192) ############################################<br />
<br />
178<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
In whatever way the change may work, there<br />
can be no doubt that trade restrictions are<br />
injurious, oppressive, and must in the long run be<br />
broken through. Meantime great mischief may<br />
be done to author, bookseller, and the book-<br />
buying public.<br />
III.-FROM A PUBLISHER.<br />
The question of net prices is far more important<br />
to the bookseller and to the author than to the<br />
publisher. To the majority of the booksellers<br />
the matter is one of life and death, of existence<br />
or extinction; but the publisher can accommodate<br />
himself, more or less, to this or any system.<br />
The matter has been sufficiently threshed out in<br />
the newspapers for every business man, at least,<br />
who has read the articles and correspondence, to<br />
understand the financial and trade bearings of<br />
the question; I need not, therefore, trouble your<br />
readers with a repetition of these details. It is,<br />
perhaps, well to state that the free-trade principle<br />
is hardly involved on either side of the question. It<br />
would be if the price of a book under the discount<br />
system were not a purely fancy and artificial<br />
price, fixed by the author through his agent, the<br />
publisher. In other words, the price of a book is<br />
not necessarily settled by the cost of production,<br />
as the price of tea, coffee, wheat, or other natural<br />
productions is fixed. It is fixed arbitrarily, at<br />
present, at a higher figure than the mere cost of<br />
production and the expectation of a fair profit<br />
would justify, in order to meet the tremendous<br />
reduction which the existing artificial discount<br />
system and the ordinary and concurrent trade<br />
allowances make compulsory.<br />
The buyer, therefore, who thinks that he gets<br />
his book cheaper because he gets an enormous<br />
discount reduction is under a delusion. He gets<br />
it neither dearer nor cheaper. He does not buy<br />
a commodity under cost price—which, of course,<br />
is economically impossible—he only gets an<br />
artificial reduction on a commodity whose price<br />
has already been artificially raised. The argu-<br />
ment, therefore, of a writer in a leading news-<br />
paper, who signs himself “Free Trader,” that<br />
the discount system helps the reader to cheap<br />
books, is fallacious. It is founded on an entire<br />
economical misconception of the facts.<br />
The present system of selling books was no<br />
doubt an excellent system when conditions were<br />
quite different to what they are now. The net<br />
system, which it is sought to substitute for it,<br />
is an attempt to replace a system which has<br />
become antiquated by one which is in every<br />
respect consonant to the doctrines of economical<br />
science. The selling price will, if the net system<br />
be introduced, be nearer the figure representing<br />
the cost of production than it now can be, and,<br />
what is of infinite importance to author, publisher,<br />
and reader, it is a system by which the average<br />
bookseller can make a fair living.<br />
In this lies the crua of the question. The<br />
present discount system is killing out the small<br />
bookseller. Some of the very large firms in the<br />
trade thrive by it, for reasons that are obvious<br />
enough to commercial men, and, of course, one<br />
great firm that holds the railway monopoly<br />
thrives by the system, but it is extinguishing the<br />
country bookseller. Mr. Collier, of the very im-<br />
portant firm of Stanford, of Cockspur-street, in<br />
the course of a recent interview in the Daily<br />
Chronicle, stated that, approximately, some 200<br />
country booksellers survive out of I2OO that did<br />
business in books some twelve or fifteen years<br />
ago. This is a most pregnant fact. It means<br />
simply this: that twelve or fifteen years ago an<br />
author, without spending a penny in advertise-<br />
ments, could, through a strong publisher, bring<br />
his wares into the hands of the reading public<br />
through 1200 channels. This for a good book<br />
might easily mean the sale of a handsome<br />
edition. Now all books—good, bad, and in-<br />
different—mustincura preliminary expense of from<br />
£15 to £60 in advertisements, simply in order<br />
that they may be known. It is a direct loss of<br />
so much in money to the author, and it is, of<br />
course, an indirect loss, to be counted in hundreds<br />
and thousands of pounds, to the publisher; but<br />
to the booksellers—to the majority of booksellers—<br />
it is worse than loss—it is ruin. That is why<br />
publishers wish for the ending of a system which<br />
is interfering with their best and cheapest channel<br />
of distribution.<br />
All other objections to the discount system are<br />
feeble in comparison to this one : that it is<br />
pushing out of existence the tradesman who is<br />
acting as distributing agent to the author.<br />
-<br />
IV.-FROM A DISCOUNT BOOKSELLER.<br />
I think it is Mr. Andrew Lang who has a “pet<br />
growl" that no bookseller knows his business.<br />
I have the misfortune to have a shop in a main<br />
thoroughfare in London, and had I ten times the<br />
amount of brain even of Mr. Andrew Lang I should<br />
not be able to know, to remember anything like,<br />
the names of a part only of the books that exist.<br />
I wish Mr. Andrew Lang would take my place for<br />
one week, to listen to the hundreds of books that<br />
are asked for daily, and to which at least 60 per<br />
cent I have to give the negative answer, that I<br />
have not got the book in stock. After the week's<br />
experience I think Mr. Andrew Lang would have<br />
a better opinion of booksellers. There can be no<br />
question but that all the grievances of both the<br />
bookseller and the publisher lie in the fact that<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 179 (#193) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I 79<br />
there are a very great deal too many books pro-<br />
duced. If we booksellers could turn over our<br />
stocks once a week, like the butchers and the<br />
bakers, or once a month, or even once a year, we<br />
should have no cause to complain that, after giving<br />
25 per cent. discount to the public off the published<br />
price of the book, it does not leave us a living<br />
profit. I buy my books so that I am quite con-<br />
tent with the profit I make even after selling them<br />
at 3d. in the Is. discount. “A London Book-<br />
seller,” writing in the Athenæum on Nov. 17th,<br />
says, “That it gives no pleasure to the bookseller<br />
to sell his books at a discount of 25 per cent., or<br />
any other per cent. ; his gorge rises at it.” Rather,<br />
my gorge rises when I sell a book at its net price,<br />
because I know I am not selling in the cheapest<br />
market, and that my customer, when I tell him<br />
the book is issued at a net price, and no discount<br />
is allowed, is incredulous, and doubts by his<br />
manner that I am making a larger profit. No<br />
Englishman likes to be “dome.” If you go into a<br />
chemists, or grocers, or anywhere, and buy an<br />
article marked at Is. for Is., and passing along<br />
the street see in another window the exact article<br />
marked at Io;d., you feel you have been “had "<br />
or “dome,” and your gorge rises at it, and you<br />
mentally determine not to patronise that first<br />
shop again. It will be the same with this net<br />
system in the publishing of books, which, I regret<br />
to see, so many booksellers are inclined to hail as<br />
a salvation of their business. They will find, as<br />
“An Author’’ writes in the Athenæum of Nov. 24<br />
“that the unforeseen always occurs,” so that their<br />
last state will be worse than their first. To be<br />
despotically told by the publisher that such and<br />
such a book is published at Is. net, and if you sell<br />
it below that price you shall not have any other<br />
of his books, is a system of tyranny that cannot<br />
be quietly submitted to.<br />
W.—FROM A RETAIL Books ELLER.<br />
That the present movement for the introduction<br />
of books published at net prices and the abolition<br />
of all discount is decidedly retrogade, and instead<br />
of having the effect of placing the new book trade<br />
on a firmer basis will prove the indirect means of<br />
making it worse than ever, as everyone who thinks<br />
of the matter seriously will own, as the public,<br />
finding they cannot get their books from the<br />
bookseller (who is the middleman) at a less price<br />
than the publisher will supply them, will<br />
naturally write direct to the publisher to have<br />
the book they require promptly sent to their<br />
homes post paid, quicker and much more ex-<br />
peditiously than their bookseller would deliver it.<br />
Publishers who are most in favour of the net<br />
system state that a book now published, say, at<br />
7s. 6d. net would, under the old system, have<br />
been issued at IOS. This, I fear, is not the case.<br />
It is merely said to delude the public. Take the<br />
following instance, and see whom this extra<br />
profit benefits. Recently a book was issued by<br />
Professor Drummond called “The Ascent of<br />
Man,” and which is published at 7s. 6d. net. The<br />
bookseller has to pay 6s. 3d, net for every copy;<br />
thus he makes a profit of Is. 3d. Under the old<br />
system the book would have been 7s. 6d., subject<br />
to 25 per cent, discount=5s. 8d., and would have<br />
been bought by the bookseller at 5s. 4d., thirteen<br />
copies as twelve, and a discount of 5 per cent. On<br />
settlement of his quarterly account. This would<br />
make its net cost 4s. 8d., giving a profit to the<br />
bookseller of Is., which is quite as much as he<br />
can expect. Now, under the old system the<br />
bookseller gets Is. profit, sells his book more<br />
readily, and satisfies his customer, who knows<br />
he is buying in the cheapest market (which is<br />
itself an indispensable consideration). Under the<br />
met system the bookseller gets Is. 3d. profit (3d.<br />
more) and does not satisfy his customer, who<br />
imagines he is not buying at the cheapest<br />
market, and goes away doubting and dissatisfied.<br />
On the other hand, the difference to the<br />
publisher is very considerable, under the old<br />
system he gets 4s. 8d. net from the bookseller,<br />
under the net system he gets 6s. 3d. net, which<br />
is Is. 7d. more in his pocket. Undoubtedly the<br />
publisher would like such a system established,<br />
which all goes to enrich him, unless the author<br />
demands a share of the plunder in the shape of<br />
increased royalties, which are rightfully his.<br />
Again, in these days of excessive competition,<br />
will the public tamely submit to this increased<br />
price on their books P Certainly not. Already<br />
many publishers are sending their printing, &c.,<br />
to the continent. Messrs. Nester, of Nuremburg,<br />
have so successfully competed with all English<br />
producers of children's colour printed and other<br />
books, that they have practically ousted all others<br />
from the field, and have this especial market<br />
entirely in their own hands. What then is to<br />
prevent (if all books are to be published at net<br />
prices) some energetic continental firms printing<br />
and flooding the English market with cheap<br />
editions of non-copyright books, &c., and by their<br />
success, which will be indisputable, they will be<br />
able to approach our English authors and pro-<br />
duce copyright books in such a way as to upset<br />
the whole system of publishing. Our publishers<br />
may find their headquarters for the production of<br />
English books will be in Berlin rather than<br />
London.<br />
Under these circumstances would it be wise for<br />
us booksellers to sell our books at published<br />
prices P Decidedly not; the more discount given,<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 180 (#194) ############################################<br />
<br />
I8O<br />
TIIB, AUTHOR.<br />
the cheaper the books are offered to the public,<br />
the brisker will be the trade, and the better for<br />
everyone.<br />
VI.—FROM A LoNDON Books ELLER.<br />
That certain books may with advantage be<br />
issued at net prices, such as professional and<br />
technical books and books of a special character,<br />
for which there can be no large demand, every<br />
bookseller will I think agree, but it is much to be<br />
regretted that any bookseller should be in favour<br />
of the abolition of all discount for cash purchases.<br />
Until very recently there was a great outcry<br />
against the Civil Service, and Army and Navy,<br />
and kindred stores marking not only books, but<br />
goods of every kind, down so that by very serious<br />
competition to all small traders it was said that<br />
their “occupation was gone,” and they would<br />
have to shut up shop; time has shown that these<br />
stores have built up enormous businesses by<br />
simply supplying their goods at the lowest<br />
remunerative prices for cash payments. Their<br />
motto has been the very true one of “small profits<br />
and quick returns,” and now the booksellers of<br />
both London and the country at large are<br />
clamouring for higher prices, the abolition of<br />
discount, and that all books be published at net<br />
prices, and such prices strictly adhered to,<br />
whether their customer come into their shop cash<br />
in hand, and pays for and carries away his purchase,<br />
or has the purchase booked to his account, which<br />
he pays quarterly or half yearly, &c. Why,<br />
it is in direct opposition to all the principles of<br />
business: the cheaper you can sell your books, the<br />
more discount you offer to the public, the greater<br />
will be your turnover, and the better it will be<br />
for publisher, author, and bookseller, because<br />
for both publisher and bookseller the more copies<br />
of a book sold, even at a low profit, will pay<br />
better than few copies at a higher profit, and will<br />
cause the public to buy with more confidence and<br />
with brisker demand; and the better for the<br />
author, because the greater the number of copies<br />
sold the more royalties he will receive. The<br />
present state of the trade is not to be much in-<br />
proved, a bookseller can give 25 per cent. discount<br />
and then have quite as much profit (in fact much<br />
more than many trades) as he can reasonably<br />
expect; but it is not this question of discount<br />
that cripples the bookseller and makes him find<br />
his trade so unprofitable, it is the great multi-<br />
plicity of books that are published, and conse-<br />
quently the tremendous stock he has to keep ; in<br />
no other trade has so much capital to be invested<br />
in stock, and much, alas ! dead stock. The book is<br />
subscribed to him by the publisher, he has to<br />
use his own judgment if it will take, he may<br />
order seven copies to get the half copy, or thirteen<br />
to get the odd copy. If the book takes, and goes<br />
off readily, he has to buy many other dozens, but<br />
for one success there are how many failures; the<br />
bookseller sells six or nine of his dozen copies,<br />
and the rest remain on his shelves, taking up<br />
much room and increasing stock in a decidedly<br />
undesirable manner, thus he finds year after year<br />
his stock growing, and every day, especially at<br />
this season of the year, scores of new books<br />
coming out, and of which he must take a certain<br />
proportion of the known authors into stock, so<br />
that he finds all his capital and profit has to be<br />
put into his stock, and he cannot make any head-<br />
way in improving his position in the world. This,<br />
I cannot help thinking, is the real cause of the<br />
dissatisfaction of my brother booksellers, not the<br />
question of discount; sell your books as cheaply<br />
as you can, and sell as many copies as you can, is<br />
my advice to all booksellers. Neither publisher<br />
Inor author can do without us, the very best adver-<br />
tisement a book and its author can have is to be<br />
“on view º' on the shelves of every book shop in<br />
the kingdom, where the public can take it down<br />
and look at it ; it is half the sale. Sell cheaply<br />
and avoid met books is my advice.<br />
> * r3<br />
NOTES AND NEWS.<br />
R HALL CAINE has very kindly sent<br />
me his recent address delivered before<br />
the Philosophical Institution, Edin-<br />
burgh, on Nov. 17, with permission to use any<br />
part of it for this paper. The pressure on our<br />
limited space prevents any use of it in this<br />
number, but I hope to avail myself of Mr. Hall<br />
Caine's permission next month.<br />
It is impossible to know or to ascertain the<br />
reasons which guide a Prime Minister in his<br />
award of pensions in the Civil List. We will<br />
suppose that, unlike most of his predecessors,<br />
he is anxious to administer the grant in the<br />
interests of literature, science, and art, and not<br />
to foist upon the list widows and daughters of<br />
the Naval, Military, and Civil Services, for whom<br />
provision should be made elsewhere. It is true<br />
that an unfortunate clause—“ and other persons<br />
who may be worthy of Her Majesty's bounty’—<br />
or words to that effect, seems to justify the<br />
placing of all the world on this list; but the fact<br />
remains that the grant was intended for<br />
literature, science, and art, and that the claims<br />
of persons belonging to these three branches<br />
of intellectual effort must precede all others.<br />
Now here is a case which has recently<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 181 (#195) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOIR.<br />
I81<br />
been laid before Lord Rosebery. A petition<br />
was sent in to him signed not numerously, but by<br />
a dozen names commanding, one would think,<br />
respect and consideration. The petition was in<br />
favour of an old man, a very old man. He is eighty-<br />
five years of age : he has been working all his long<br />
life on literature. Fifty years ago a book was pub-<br />
lished by Charles Knight on some of the many<br />
aspects of Tondon. It was a huge book in six<br />
royal quarto volumes ; the book is a classic ; it<br />
has survived to the present day; no one who<br />
reads about London at all can afford to do with-<br />
out this book. Exactly half of it was written by<br />
this man. How many of us expect to be read in<br />
fifty years time? Again, he has written novels.<br />
Of his novels three or four survive, and are still<br />
in demand after thirty or forty years. How<br />
many novels iive for thirty or forty years? Can<br />
you, dear reader, conceive a case more loudly<br />
calling for a place upon the Civil List P Again,<br />
I say, that we know not what other cases there<br />
were under the consideration of Lord Rosebery.<br />
Whatever they were, it is clear that they were<br />
even more worthy of assistance than this case,<br />
because he has written through his secretaries<br />
to say that he will give this man nothing.<br />
It is worth noting that the letter signed by<br />
the twelve men and women of letters received no<br />
acknowledgment, and that the secretaries did not<br />
think it necessary to inform these people of the<br />
result of their unfortunate letter. These are the<br />
courtesies which the literary class are accustomed<br />
to receive from officials. Who are they P Literary<br />
chaps. Take no notice of them<br />
Modern Poets.—It seems quite a long time<br />
since we heard of a certain poetical journal, or<br />
treasure house of poetry, brought out monthly.<br />
It was formerly The Poets' Magazine, then it<br />
became Lloyd’s Magazine, after the name of the<br />
proprietor, Mr. Leonard Lloyd. It has now<br />
become Modern Poets, but the proprietor does<br />
not inform us whether the life of his magazine<br />
has been continuous, or interrupted by intervals<br />
of sleep, or, as it is a poetic magazine, of trance.<br />
However that may be, Modern Poets now appears<br />
quarterly; and if “sufficient good poetry and<br />
prose are received to fill its pages” the magazine<br />
is to appear monthly. The really attractive<br />
feature—that which separates the paper, and<br />
distinguishes it from commoner journals—is that<br />
while such mean spirited magazines as the Con-<br />
temporary, or Longman's, actually pay con-<br />
tributors—hire the poor degraded wretches—this<br />
magazine expects its contributors to pay the<br />
editor. Noble creature He will be hired by<br />
his contributors; in the interests of literature he<br />
will dare all and endure all. Every contributor,<br />
therefore, sends up a form signed. It is thus<br />
conceived:<br />
Sir, Wishing to contribute to your magazine, I send you<br />
M.S. entitled and in the event of its acceptance<br />
for an appearance in your next number I agree to purchase<br />
— dozen copies of the magazine (Signed)<br />
An appearance in this magazine will, doubtless,<br />
be highly prized by the contributor. Fifty<br />
dozen at least, at sixpence, which is £15, is not<br />
pay too high for a magazine article. One has<br />
heard of £50. Let the contributor value his<br />
article himself, and order as many dozen at<br />
sixpence each as will amount to that sum.<br />
In another place will be found a few observa-<br />
tions on the proposed “Net” system. It is<br />
very much to be hoped that all members will<br />
forward to the secretary their opinion and<br />
their reasons. The two points which seem to<br />
concern authors most are (I) whether the<br />
adoption of the “Net” system would materially<br />
raise the price of books; and (2) whether the<br />
rise in prices would not so far check the sale of<br />
books as to counterbalance any advantage gained<br />
by an increase in price. There are other<br />
questions, such as the danger of interfering<br />
with the great advance made during the last few<br />
years by the public as buyers of books; the<br />
danger of interference with the course of trade;<br />
the danger of making the bookseller a mere<br />
mechanical distributor—in other words, of con-<br />
verting what used to be a centre of literary<br />
information into a railway stall; and the doubt<br />
whether a “Net’ system can ever be enforced—<br />
in other words, whether the bookseller would not<br />
go on as before giving discount for cash.<br />
Mr. Sherard sends word that in his reference<br />
to the Goldsmith tomb he was mistaken. As<br />
for me, I was under the impression that some-<br />
thing was wrong with the tomb. So there is,<br />
but not what we supposed ; the name is clearly cut,<br />
but unfortunately it is not certain that the tomb<br />
is Oliver's. Under these circumstances one has<br />
only to express thanks to those who kindly offered<br />
their assistance.<br />
A new monthly magazine is to be started. It<br />
offers the unprecedented attraction of an astro-<br />
logical horoscope free for all subscribers, with the<br />
privilege of asking three astrological questions.<br />
After this we may expect another, which will tell<br />
the fortunes of every subscriber by the oracle of<br />
coffee grounds with the right of asking three<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 182 (#196) ############################################<br />
<br />
I 82<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
questions on the domestic omens, such as crossed<br />
knives, spilled salt, and the influence on fate of<br />
black cats, piebald horses, and the man with a<br />
squint.<br />
Mr. Gosse has arrived at a time of life which<br />
prompts to serious reflections on the flight of time.<br />
Everybody at forty gets these reflections. “Wait<br />
till you come to forty year.” They pass, these<br />
reflections; in the fifties one feels younger<br />
than in the forties. Perhaps, in the sixties, one<br />
may feel younger still. We ought to, considering<br />
how short a time remains for cheerfulness. How-<br />
ever, the motto to the new volume of verse, “In<br />
Russet and Silver,” is quite in the vein of the<br />
forties: -<br />
Life, that, when youth was hot and bold,<br />
Leaped up in scarlet and in gold,<br />
Now walks by graver hopes possessed<br />
In russet and in silver dressed.<br />
Whether in russet and silver or in scarlet and<br />
gold, it is the same music and the same musician;<br />
the certain touch and the unexpected phrase;<br />
the true word to fit the thought ; the perfect<br />
dexterity and mastery of the metre ; these are<br />
qualities which we have long since recognised;<br />
and as yet there is no sign of any younger poet—<br />
“in scarlet and in gold *-disputing the supe-<br />
riority of Mr. Gosse in these essentials.<br />
The Authors’ Club distinguished itself on the<br />
19th Nov. by holding its monthly dinner in<br />
honour of Anthony Hope. The room, which is<br />
too small for such festivities, was quite full, and<br />
there were but two speeches, that of the chair-<br />
man, Mr. Oswald Crawfurd, and that of the guest<br />
of the evening. Among the men of distinction<br />
who have thus been entertained are Zola and<br />
Rudyard Kipling. And now comes Anthony Hope.<br />
It is a pleasing feature of the club to pay this<br />
tribute to men who have risen or are certainly<br />
rising. Authors are too often accused of jealousy<br />
and spite. There was no show either of jealousy<br />
or of spite in the dinner of the 19th, but only the<br />
general desire to recognise and to honour good<br />
work wherever it is found.<br />
The club, which is now two years old, may be<br />
lcoked upon as established. The rooms are<br />
extremely pleasant, and have a position as central<br />
as can be desired. The members are all connected<br />
with literature. Up to the present it has been<br />
more of a lunching than a dining club. Every-<br />
body is supposed to know everybody else, and the<br />
club is essentially cheerful. As stated above, the<br />
rooms are too small, they will only accommodate<br />
fifty at a dinner. But if another hundred<br />
members were to come in additional rooms could<br />
be had, and there would be more elbow room.<br />
Clad in a garb of golden-green, with a charac-<br />
teristic portrait of the subject for frontispiece, is<br />
Mr. Robert Sherard’s book on Alphonse Daudet.<br />
It may be thought that Daudet exhausted the<br />
subject himself in his “Trente Ans de Paris; ”<br />
that, however, is not the case ; there is a great deal<br />
in this volume that is not in the “Trente Ans.”<br />
The author has received contributions from<br />
Madame Daudet, from Léon Daudet, from<br />
Edmond de Goncourt, from Ernest Daudet, and<br />
from Alphonse Daudet himself. The result is a<br />
full biography and a most interesting account of<br />
a most remarkable man. The best excuse for<br />
writing the book is found in the concluding words<br />
of the preface: “Since Alphonse Daudet has<br />
honoured me with his friendship, I may say, with-<br />
out exaggeration, that my life of exile has been<br />
transformed. It is, perhaps, also on account of<br />
my admiration and my affection for this great-<br />
hearted man of letters that I have worked to<br />
make others know him as I do.”<br />
WALTER BESANT.<br />
>e c3<br />
NOTES FROM PARIS,<br />
HE following letter, which I have just<br />
T received from my friend Alphonse Daudet,<br />
is the best answer that I can give to many<br />
questions which have been asked of me as to his<br />
intention of visiting London next year:<br />
Oui ; mon bon. Sherard, j’ai l'espoir au printermps prochain,<br />
si je ne suis pas trop invalide de venir voir londres, mais<br />
non pas de me montrer ä Londres, ce qui est bien différent.<br />
Je serais heureux de vous avoir pour compagnon et cicerone<br />
tº mais je vous demanderai de me mettre à l'abri des<br />
curiosités du reportage, ce sont des vacances que je compte<br />
prendre et je suis bien décidé à me pas donner de repré-<br />
sentation dans ce beau pays que je suis si désireux de<br />
connaitre.<br />
These things being so, we may hope to see<br />
M. Daudet in London in a few months.<br />
In my great admiration for Emile Zola, I feel<br />
sorry in saying that the opinion in Paris is one<br />
of doubt as to the possible value of a book on<br />
Rome, written on information collected during a<br />
fortnight's visit. It is generally thought that<br />
Rome, from all points of view, and as a whole,<br />
is a large subject, and that its comprehension<br />
can hardly be effected in a fortnight. It must<br />
be added, however, that Zola intends to spend a<br />
long time over this book, and that “Rome,” the<br />
second volume of “Les Trois Willes” series of<br />
novels, will not appear till 1896.<br />
We were all much shocked to hear of the death<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 183 (#197) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
183<br />
of Francis Magnard, the editor of Le Figaro, for<br />
he seemed in full strength, with years of life and<br />
activity before him. Yet certainly he looked very<br />
grey and worn when I last saw him. The Figaro<br />
was a fighting paper, and all fighting exacts nerve<br />
and muscle and uses and wears. He was a con-<br />
scientious and a most hard-working man, who<br />
gave himself up entirely to his paper. Most of<br />
his time was spent at the office in the Rue<br />
Drouot. I am afraid I cannot agree with those<br />
who have written in praise of his daily leaderette<br />
in the Figaro. It was writing after the style and<br />
in the manner of thought of Joseph Prudhomme.<br />
But good editors of large papers are rarely good<br />
writers. Willemessant, the founder of the Figaro,<br />
could not string six lines of tolerable prose<br />
together, yet he was certainly one of the best<br />
editors who ever lived. Magnard wrote very<br />
quickly, though his work seemed laboriously<br />
evolved. He told me once that he always asked<br />
himself, on sending the paper to the press, what<br />
Willemessant would have thought about the<br />
number, both as a whole and in detail, and felt<br />
quite nervous on the subject, so completely had<br />
he been disciplined by his former chief. I may<br />
add that Magnard used to deny being a Belgian<br />
by extraction, and used to get very angry when<br />
he was attacked as such in the rival papers.<br />
I may also add that M. de Rodays, the present<br />
editor, had been designated by de Villemessant in<br />
his will to succeed Magnard, in the case of the<br />
latter's retirement or death. M. de Rodays’<br />
successor was also named in the same clause.<br />
The biggest succés de librairie of the year in<br />
Paris has been Marcel Prevost’s novel “Les<br />
Demi-Vierges.” It is, I see, in its 15oth edition.<br />
Exceptionally these are editions of only 500<br />
copies, whereas the French edition usually con-<br />
sists of IOOO copies. The book is exceedingly<br />
well written, but the subject is a nauseating one,<br />
and this success is not one on which his friends<br />
can congratulate M. Marcel Prevost.<br />
J. H. Rosny, who is translating George Moore's<br />
novel “Esther Waters ” for publication in feuil-<br />
leton form in Le Gaulois, is by many, including<br />
Daudet, Zola, and de Goncourt, considered one of<br />
the first writers of French fiction living in France<br />
to-day. His “Le Bilateral” is undoubtedly a<br />
masterpiece, complicated as its style and bitter as<br />
is the author's philosophy. Rosny has had a<br />
very troubled and miserable life, and lives none<br />
knows where. He hides his address, and is under-<br />
stood to be in unfortunate circumstances. His<br />
books do not sell well, and he is indifferent to<br />
popularity, in which respect he may be compared<br />
to J. K. Huysman.<br />
I heard a story in Paris the other day of how a<br />
literary “ghost " revenged himself on a too<br />
WOL. W.<br />
unscrupulous employer. He had been engaged<br />
to write a feuilleton, for which his employer, a<br />
very well-known Parisian novelist, had received<br />
an order. The original arrangement was that<br />
the ghost should receive a penny a line—the well-<br />
known Parisian novelist, it may be mentioned,<br />
was to receive fivepence a line, and, of course, he<br />
signed the story with his own illustrious name;<br />
but after some instalments had been printed, the<br />
ghost was informed by his employer, who, in the<br />
meanwhile, had found out that his hack was in<br />
desperate circumstances, that in the future he<br />
would only be paid one halfpenny a line. He was<br />
forced to submit, but at once introduced into his<br />
story two fresh characters, whose names were<br />
simple transpositions of his employer's name and<br />
his own, of which one was a well-known novelist<br />
and the other a starving literary hack, and showed<br />
how the novelist engaged the hack to write a<br />
serial story at the rate of a penny a line, and<br />
afterwards reduced this to a halfpenny a line, and<br />
how the hack to revenge himself introduced,<br />
under transposed names, into this serial two fresh<br />
characters, one of which was a novelist and so on.<br />
The novelist sweater was away enjoying himself<br />
whilst these instalments were appearing, and<br />
one can imagine his feelings on his return to<br />
Paris. It is needless to add that the story was<br />
considerably revised before being republished in<br />
volume form.<br />
Why are almost all the books supplied to the<br />
public in England bound P Is not the French<br />
system of publishing all works merely in paper<br />
covers preferable? To begin with, an unbound<br />
book can be supplied cheaper than a bound book.<br />
Then, many book buyers like to bind their books<br />
according to their own taste in the matter of<br />
binding. Some like the bindings of their books to<br />
be in some degree symbolical of their contents,<br />
who would bind Haggard in red, George Ohnet<br />
in pale blue, Poe in black, and so on. Others<br />
like uniformity, and, indeed, so varied are the<br />
colours of book backs as sold to-day, that a library<br />
shelf often presents a ghastly combination of<br />
colours. There is, of course, a great deal to be<br />
said on both sides of the question. At the same<br />
time, I do not think that the bookbinders would<br />
lose by the change. . They would have less cheap<br />
binding to do, but far more reliures d'amateur,<br />
which are really profitable. --<br />
f have been told that my note on Oliver Gold<br />
Smith's grave in last month's Author is un-<br />
founded and uncalled for, that the grave is in<br />
good condition, and well kept. I am not of this<br />
opinion, nor am I alone in this respect. “What<br />
would you more?” I have been asked. Well, to<br />
begin with, a railing round the tomb. I saw a<br />
butcher's boy sitting on it the other day. * *<br />
S<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 184 (#198) ############################################<br />
<br />
184<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I have heard the strange story since I came to<br />
London of a high judicial functionary who many<br />
years ago published, with one of the most<br />
reputable firms in London on the half-profit<br />
system, an important work on an important<br />
political question. It is several years since any<br />
account was rendered, and though the book had<br />
then passed through eight editions, all that the<br />
high judicial functionary received as his share<br />
was Is. 7#d. The book has been selling since,<br />
but the author has never received another penny.<br />
And he is not very satisfied, and says things about<br />
publishers which are not judicial nor quite justi-<br />
fiable.<br />
Weyman has made up his mind to take a year's<br />
complete rest as soon as “The Red Cockade" is<br />
finished. I am told that this is the very best<br />
thing this genius has ever written, by people who<br />
have read the opening chapters, now in Jerome's<br />
hands.<br />
Apropos of the title of this book, are we about<br />
to pass from the “yellow * to the “red.” Every-<br />
thing was yellow a short while ago in matter of<br />
literature. And now, in matter of literature,<br />
things are mostly red. There are Weyman’s titles<br />
in red, there is Morley Roberts's “Red Earth,”<br />
there is Francis Gribble’s “The Red Spell,” there<br />
is a novel called “The Crimson Sign,” and, of<br />
course, there is Conan Doyle’s “Round the Red<br />
Lamp.” In the future all things may be green,<br />
as most bindings are, by the way, at the present<br />
hour, and so it shall go on.<br />
I am very glad to hear that John Davidson's<br />
last book of poems is selling exceedingly well;<br />
500 copies were taken before the book was pub-<br />
lished. Many people, as a mere commercial<br />
speculation, are buying up copies of the “Ballads<br />
and Songs.” All this is well, for John Davidson,<br />
a poet and a most genial man, has fought a hard<br />
fight, and merits success and ease. His life has<br />
been a life of heroism. R. H. SHERARD.<br />
*~ * ~ *<br />
r- - --><br />
NOTES FROM NEW YORK.<br />
New York, Nov. Io.<br />
HE death of Dr. Holmes not only caused<br />
the usual feelings of personal loss aroused<br />
when any honoured author leaves us," but<br />
additional sorrow was felt since with his decease<br />
the great New England group of authors ended.<br />
In the early part of this century, when Irving,<br />
Cooper, Bryant, and Fitz-Greene Halleck lived in<br />
New York, the literary centre was here, but<br />
before the middle of the century Emerson,<br />
Tongfellow, Whittier, Lowell, Hawthorne, and<br />
FIolmes revealed themselves, and the glory of the<br />
school as well as of a life that we deplore.<br />
New England group was greater than that of the<br />
Rnickerbocker school, as the New Yorkers had<br />
been called.<br />
Professor Norton, of Harvard College, recently<br />
remarked that, “they all wrote with a moral.<br />
They had, too, a touch of Puritanism. They<br />
were stirred to write often not so much from the<br />
impulse of the imagination as because they were<br />
impelled to teach some lessons and do some good<br />
that way. It was just at the war period, and all<br />
continued on the same side. They were all<br />
warriors in a sense.” Thus it is the closing of a<br />
Since<br />
Dr. Holmes wrote “Old Ironsides " the popula-<br />
tion of the United States has quadrupled, and the<br />
country can no longer be said to have one<br />
literary centre. In all directions have sprung up<br />
authors who write what has been called “ local<br />
fiction,” that is to say, they chiefly devote their<br />
efforts to depicting the life around them. This<br />
is a recent development, and, although there is<br />
now no one great group, there are many more<br />
accomplished authors than there were formerly,<br />
and the average of merit is undoubtedly higher.<br />
It is a sign that good times are coming when<br />
the fall publishing trade opens well, as it has this<br />
year. Whether or not publishers suffer much<br />
during a business depression is a question often<br />
debated. Some contend, that books being a<br />
luxury, people either go without in hard times or<br />
else use the free libraries. Others think that<br />
during financial depression books are sent as<br />
presents where expensive jewellery would have<br />
been purchased in prosperous years. This year,<br />
illustrated gift books, held back by hard times,<br />
make the list of announcements very large.<br />
Leading houses report that trade is at least<br />
normal. It seems to have recovered from the<br />
stagnation of the last two years, and bids fair to<br />
be better month by month as business revives.<br />
There is no boom yet, and probably will not be<br />
for a year or two longer, but the conditions are<br />
healthy. -<br />
Among the more important announcements are<br />
“The Warfare of Science,” by Mr. Andrew D.<br />
White, which has attracted much attention as<br />
the successive chapters appeared in the Popular<br />
Science Monthly; “Edwin Booth,” recollections<br />
of his daughter, with his letters to her and his<br />
friends, a part of the correspondence of which we<br />
have had a foretaste in the Century, and which<br />
revealed the great actor in a singularly noble and<br />
spiritual aspect ; “The Life and Art of Joseph<br />
Jefferson, together with some account of his<br />
ancestry and of the Jefferson Family of Actors,”<br />
by Mr. William Winter, a revision on the briefer<br />
biography published ten years ago; “Portraits<br />
in Plaster,” by Mr. Laurence Hutton, with<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 185 (#199) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
185<br />
seventy-two reproductions of death-masks of<br />
famous men and women from the author's own<br />
collection of these gruesome objects, which is<br />
the largest private collection in the world; “Ilife<br />
and Letters of John Greenleaf Whittier,” the<br />
authorised biography, by his literary executor, Mr.<br />
Samuel T. Pickard ; “The Sherman Letters,” a<br />
most interesting correspondence between General<br />
Sherman and his brother, Senator Sherman,<br />
covering the entire war period; “Familiar Letters<br />
of Henry David Thoreau,” edited by Mr. Frank<br />
B. Sanborn, who wrote the volume on Thoreau<br />
in the series of “American Men of Letters;”<br />
“Riverby,” another volume of delightful out-<br />
door papers, by John Burroughs, the gifted<br />
disciple of Thoreau; “In the Dozy Hours and<br />
other Papers,” by Miss Agnes Repplier, whose<br />
terse little essays have gained her wide fame;<br />
“Four American Universities,” Harvard, Yale,<br />
Princeton, and Columbia, by Professors Norton,<br />
Hadley, Sloane, and Brander Matthews;<br />
“Character and Development of the Universities<br />
of Germany,” a most illuminative account by<br />
Professor Paulsen, translated by Professor E. D.<br />
Perry.<br />
Roberts Brothers have just brought out the<br />
first two volumes of a new translation of<br />
“Molière's Dramatic Works,” by Miss Katharine<br />
Prescott Wormeley, whose admirable translation<br />
of Balzac, now nearly completed, has won for her<br />
wide commendation.<br />
Longmans, Green, and Co. announce a series of<br />
“College Histories of Art,” edited by Professor<br />
John C. Van Dyke, of which the first volume to<br />
appear is the editor's own on the “History of<br />
Painting;” and the Scribner's are going to bring<br />
out the “Art of the American Wood Engraver,”<br />
by the late Philip Gilbert Hamerton, who<br />
brought to this subject a most unusual breadth<br />
of knowledge.<br />
Stone and Kimball, of Chicago, are about to<br />
issue the first complete edition of the “Works of<br />
Edgar Allan Poe,” newly collected and edited,<br />
with memoir, notes, &c., by Mr. Edmund Clarence<br />
Stedman and Professor George Edward Wood-<br />
berry; of the ten volumes to which this edition is<br />
going to extend, three are ready, and to these<br />
very probably will be added a single supple-<br />
mentary volume containing the correspondence<br />
between Poe and his friends, which will be edited<br />
by Professor Woodberry. Mr. Edmund Clarence<br />
Stedman after two years' work has finished his<br />
“Victorian Anthology,” which contains represen-<br />
tative poems by the authors discussed in his<br />
“Victorian Poets.”<br />
Americans have always made a specialty of<br />
works of reference. Three important books of<br />
this class have been lately published here. One<br />
is a supplement to the “Century Dictionary"—a<br />
seventh volume—called the “Century Cyclopædia<br />
of Names,” a pronouncing and etymological dic-<br />
tionary of names in geography, biography, mytho-<br />
logy, history, art, fiction, &c., edited by Mr.<br />
Benjamin E. Smith, who was managing editor of<br />
the “Century Dictionary,” under the late Pro-<br />
fessor Whitney. In this great work, upon which<br />
the entire editorial force of the Century has<br />
long been engaged, for the first time all the<br />
varieties of information usually obtained in bio-<br />
graphical dictionaries, geographical gazetteers,<br />
lists of characters in fiction, &c., have been<br />
arranged in alphabetical order and gathered into<br />
One volume. The selections have been made with<br />
especial regard to the wants of the general public,<br />
thus the central facts are given in large type, and<br />
in Smaller type such information as will help to a<br />
more complete understanding of the subject.<br />
Another is “A New and Complete Concordance<br />
in the Dramatic Works of Shakespeare,” by Mr.<br />
John Bartlett, to whom we are already indebted<br />
for his admirable “Dictionary of Familiar Quota-<br />
tions.” The third is Mr. S. L. Whitcomb's<br />
“Chronological Outlines of American Literature,”<br />
the first attempt to set down the chronological<br />
sequence of American books. It is on the plan of<br />
Ryland’s “Chronological Outlines of English<br />
Literature,” but on a much more liberal scale.<br />
A fourth elaborate book of reference could not be<br />
got ready in time for the fall trade. This is the<br />
great “Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiqui-<br />
ties,” which Professor Peck, of Columbia College,<br />
is editing for Harper and Brothers. It is to be<br />
fully illustrated, and will probably appear in the<br />
Spring.<br />
The British novelist is to have better showing<br />
than usual next year in American magazines,<br />
although a large percentage of the serials will be<br />
by American authors. Mr. Thomas Hardy’s “Sim-<br />
pletons’’ is the chief serial of Harper's Monthly.<br />
In Harper's Weekly Mr. Stanley J. Weyman's<br />
romance, “The Red Cockade,” begins in the first<br />
January number, and will be followed in July by<br />
Mr. Brander Matthews's novel of New York,<br />
“His Father's Son.” In Harper's Bazar the<br />
first serial is Maarten Maartens’ “My Lady<br />
Nobody,” and the second is a southern story,<br />
“Doctor Warwick's Daughters,” by Mrs. Richard<br />
Harding Davis. In Scribner's will appear Mr.<br />
George Meredith’s “Amazing Marriage,” and<br />
Mr. Barrie's “Sentimental Tommy,” besides Mr.<br />
Howell's shorter serial, “The Story of a Play.”<br />
The Century's two serials are both by American<br />
authors—“Casa Braccia,” by Mr. Marion Craw-<br />
ford, and “An Errant Wooing,” by Mrs. Burton<br />
Harrison; and so are the two stories announced<br />
by the Atlantic, Mrs. Mary Halleck Foote's “The<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 186 (#200) ############################################<br />
<br />
186<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
Thumpeter,” and Mrs. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps<br />
Ward’s “A Singular Life.” -<br />
It has never been the custom of our magazines<br />
to limit their serials to fiction alone; indeed,<br />
some of their greatest successes have been with<br />
works such as no British magazine ever ventures<br />
upon. The War series of the Century doubled<br />
its circulation in twelve months; and forty years<br />
ago a Life of Napoleon gave Harper's its first<br />
impetus. Now the Century begins a Biography<br />
of Napoleon, by Professor W. M. Sloane, which<br />
has been in preparation for five years, and during<br />
two of that period special agents have been ran-<br />
sacking Europe for illustrative material. The<br />
Century will also contain Mrs. Van Rensel-<br />
laer's series of papers on the French Cathedrals,<br />
for which Mr. Joseph Parnell has made many<br />
striking illustrations. Scribner's will contain,<br />
beginning in the January number, “The History<br />
of the Last Quarter-Century in the United<br />
States,” by President E. Benjamin Andrews, in<br />
which he has endeavoured to cover that period of<br />
history about which we are apt to know least—<br />
from the time school histories end (usually with<br />
the War of the Republic) up to the present year.<br />
The Atlantic will shortly publish a series of<br />
papers by Mr. John Fiske on Virginia, “The<br />
Old Dominion and her Sister Colonies.”<br />
An interesting copyright trial has just ended.<br />
A New York daily paper, the World, printed,<br />
before its official use, the ode written by Miss<br />
Harriet Monroe, of Chicago, for the dedication of<br />
the World’s Fair buildings, two years ago. The<br />
purloined version contained typographical errors,<br />
which the author claimed had injured her in<br />
purse and reputation. In his charge the judge<br />
told the jury that little pecuniary damage had<br />
been proved, but added that punitive damages<br />
might be awarded if the defendant had been<br />
guilty of disregard of property rights. The<br />
verdict of the jury fixed the damages at £IOOO.<br />
As Miss Monroe received £200 from the World’s<br />
Fair Commissioners for her ode, she will have<br />
gained £1200 by one brief occasional poem.<br />
We are often said to be a book-buying nation,<br />
and it is evidence in favour of this assertion that<br />
nearly 100,000 copies of “Trilby’’ have been sold<br />
in less than ten weeks. So enormous has been<br />
the demand for Mr. Du Maurier's book that the<br />
Harper's Christmas publishing has been greatly<br />
retarded by the fact that they have been obliged<br />
to keep thirteen presses on “Trilby’’ alone. A<br />
sale like that indicates that “Trilby’’ has con-<br />
quered not only the regular reading class and<br />
the broad general public, but also the absolutely<br />
unliterary public. A gentleman on the train the<br />
other day overheard a girl talking to three young<br />
men. “Oh I have you read “Trilby ?’” she<br />
asked one of the men. He admitted that he had<br />
not, whereupon the young woman declared that.<br />
it was “just too lovely.” Who wrote it?” in-<br />
quired the second man. “Well,” the girl replied,<br />
“it’s translated from the French of a man named<br />
Moriar, and it's illustrated by a man named<br />
* 5 y<br />
Whistler. HALLETT ROBINSON.<br />
*- ~"<br />
-* w wºrs<br />
PHILIP GILBERT HAMERTON.<br />
A PERSONAL REMINISCENCE.<br />
By Mr. Justice ConDí, WILLIAMs (of Mauritius).<br />
N spite of the blinds and the persiennes, the<br />
I afternoon September sun streamed into<br />
that little café at Autun, where we sat<br />
drinking bocks, and playing dominoes, and<br />
jabbering as only Frenchmen mostly jabber. g<br />
The ever watchful patron bustled up to me,<br />
and said, mysteriously—“See that gentleman<br />
who has just entered? He is a compatriot of<br />
yours.” There, at a table by himself, sat a<br />
brown-bearded, middle-aged man, looking cer-<br />
tainly, except for the flowing ends of his necktie,<br />
not one bit like a Frenchman.<br />
As the witty dean said, “One doesn’t go abroad<br />
to meet one’s compatriots.” As a rule, to tell the<br />
honest truth without affectation, I generally, for<br />
divers reasons, give mine a wide berth, But<br />
there was a wise and kindly look about this<br />
man's bronze and honest face, and withal a<br />
humorous twinkle in his eye as he calmly<br />
surveyed his noisy surroundings, which urged me<br />
to take the other place opposite to him at his<br />
small round table. So, when our game was over,<br />
I consoled my little Louise with a Monde Illustré<br />
and a groseille, and went and sat there.<br />
Of course, I knew the “Portfolio,” and Mr.<br />
Hamerton, by name, but I had forgotten that he<br />
lived in France, and near Autun; if, indeed,<br />
anybody had ever told me so. .<br />
However, the ice once broken, and it was very<br />
easily broken, we proved to have many friends<br />
and many sympathies in common ; and, although<br />
ten years my senior, he seemed to take quite a<br />
paternal interest in me when he heard that, at<br />
five-and-twenty years of age, I had become the<br />
editor of a daily newspaper in England.<br />
Next day I walked three miles out of Autun, to<br />
his pretty country place to breakfast, and made<br />
the acquaintance of his charming family—his<br />
wife, a French lady, two bi-lingual sons, and a<br />
little daughter. Afterwards we talked for a long<br />
time in his small study, or studio—literature and<br />
art equally well represented upon its bookshelves<br />
and in their surroundings. Had I understood<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 187 (#201) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
187<br />
more about etching and lithography, I should have<br />
been more deeply interested. But never was a<br />
more modest and less egotistical man than Philip<br />
Gilbert Hamerton, And seeing that newspapers<br />
and books mainly interested me, he talked little<br />
save of newspapers and books. But before we<br />
parted he placed in my hands, as a souvenir, an<br />
early copy (in the Tauchnitz edition) of “Mar-<br />
morne,” just then on the point of publication.<br />
As I grasped his hand I looked up to the wooded<br />
hills of Le Morvan, which formed a sombre back-<br />
ground to his cheerful country villa.<br />
“It must be lonely, here, in the winter P”<br />
“Yes,” he said “but what does that signify P<br />
I am always occupied.”<br />
“Any wolves or wild boars about P’’<br />
“There are some,” he replied, and laughed at<br />
a reminiscence. “One frosty moonlight night<br />
last January, I went out to lock the stable, and<br />
met a lean, grisly wolf, face to face, just upon the<br />
threshold of this door. We seemed both very<br />
vastly astonished, and we both drew back a pace<br />
or two involuntarily. Then I said to the wolf, on<br />
the impulse of the moment: What on earth are<br />
you doing here? Perhaps it was being addressed<br />
in English that frightened him, I don't know ;<br />
but without taking further notice of my query, he<br />
turned round and walked slowly away.”<br />
#: $: :}; $: $: $:<br />
Note that at same café at Autun, some fourteen<br />
years later, an Englishman entered just as two<br />
or three tradesmen, habitués of the place, were<br />
taking their post-prandial gloria,<br />
“Monsieur has doubtless come to inspect the<br />
antiquities?” volunteered one of them, after the<br />
pause which, in a small community, often follows<br />
the sudden entrance of a strange newcomer.<br />
“No ;” I said to the patron —not the same<br />
patron as of yore—“but, before I venture as far<br />
as the Maison du pré, I would ask you for news of<br />
Monsieur Hamerton.” 4.<br />
There was quite an excitement in the place.<br />
Hamerton, with his quiet sympathetic ways, a<br />
long resident, a distinguished Anglais, yet the<br />
husband of a Frenchwoman, was a popular man<br />
in Autun and all round it. Who else could have<br />
survived, scathless and untouched, as he did<br />
survive, all the jealous suspicion, and even overt<br />
antagonism, which were visited upon nearly every<br />
other Englishman living in provincial France<br />
during the closing months of the Franco-German<br />
struggle P<br />
“Ah ! it was most unfortunate. Monsieur had<br />
no luck. He had sustained a malheur epou-<br />
vantable, Monsieur 'Amerton (they never could<br />
manage that H), so respected as he was, and<br />
after so long a residence in the partage, had left<br />
that very day finally for Paris.” And it was a<br />
rather remarkable thing that, after so long an<br />
absence, having corresponded with my friend at<br />
very rare intervals, I should have dropped down<br />
upon Autun on the very eve of his final depar-<br />
ture. He had not actually gone—but his family<br />
and his furniture had, as I learned from good<br />
Monsieur Thomasset, of the Hotel des Negociants<br />
—and he himself was staying with a friend. I<br />
would not disturb him—I left a card for him, and<br />
on I sped to Santenoy to “assist” still older<br />
friends at their Burgundy autumn vintage. A<br />
telegram from Hamerton brought me back to<br />
Autun next day. Would I come and spend his<br />
last Autun night with him at Thomasset's<br />
interesting hotel, where you are escorted up to<br />
your bedroom walking over the gravestones of<br />
monks and abbots P Of course I went, and am<br />
thankful that I went. And a long, long talk we<br />
had over that extra bottle of Chambertin, de<br />
omnibus rebus et quibusdam aliis. He had had<br />
his share of misfortune, and sad misfor-<br />
tune. One of the two bright boys I had met<br />
at his table years before, a youth of high<br />
intelligence and promise, and Professor of<br />
English at a Lycée, had put an end to his life at<br />
his rooms in Paris, leaving behind him no sort of<br />
clue as to the why and the wherefore. So we were<br />
led to talk of the great mysteries of Life and<br />
Death—about matters concerning which men of<br />
middle age do not often open their hearts one to<br />
another. Later, when sauntering forth to the<br />
café, we drifted to more material subjects, and I<br />
spoke of his long career as poet, painter, and<br />
author. I remember that he said, not bitterly,<br />
but with a touch of mournfulness, after some<br />
remark of mine about the knighthood that certain<br />
distinguished English writers surely ought to<br />
have been offered, that he himself was weak<br />
enough to feel some touch of regret that he, whose<br />
work was the English work of an Englishman,<br />
could only, when the occasion demanded his<br />
wearing it, stand before the world the possessor<br />
of a French decoration for his services to art and<br />
to literature.<br />
He removed from Autun (the Augustodonum<br />
of the Romans) to Boulogne et Seine in Paris,<br />
and a friend of his in England was the recipient<br />
of his appreciative acknowledgment of these lines<br />
addressed to Hamerton in his new Parisian home :<br />
The Seine to Saone gives greeting ! O'er the sea<br />
I pen Lwtetia's welcome home to thee;<br />
And, with the wish, would fain the hand extend,<br />
Word-painter, picture-painter, poet, friend<br />
What though her vine leaves seared by autumn's blast,<br />
Awgwstodomºwm weeps her glories past—<br />
Though, “round the house ’’ thy graceful pen portrays,<br />
Fond mem'ries linger of departed days P<br />
The city’s joy outweighs the country’s pain–<br />
Awgustodomwm's loss is fair Lwtetia's gain!<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 188 (#202) ############################################<br />
<br />
I88<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
And the other day—not thirty days ago—the<br />
same friend received from him a warm letter of<br />
welcome on returning to England after many<br />
years of judicial work abroad. He wrote cheer-<br />
fully, yet spoke of illness, of diagnosis by a Paris<br />
doctor of “hypertrophy of the heart,” and of the<br />
necessity of “following a regimen for the rest of<br />
my days.” Not for long. In a fortnight he was<br />
dead,<br />
A_*— * -<br />
_*. s—º<br />
a------5 -<br />
BOOK TALK.<br />
HE REW. CANON CHARLES D. BELL,<br />
D.D., rector of Cheltenham, has produced<br />
a new volume of verses, called “Diana's<br />
Looking Glass, and other Poems.” Canon Bell’s<br />
verses are always, to use the words of one of his<br />
critics, “sweet and wholesome.” After the low level<br />
in which we are plunged by some of our younger<br />
poets, it is pleasant to stand once more upon the<br />
heights and to feel that there are higher levels,<br />
and still higher, to be reached.<br />
times the natural note of sadness, there is never<br />
despair. Let the poet speak for himself.<br />
Come let us wake sweet Echo with a song.<br />
Here she lies sleeping, waiting for our voice,<br />
So call her loudly with a courteous tongue,<br />
That coming forth she may with us rejoice.<br />
For Morning walks in beauty o'er the dale,<br />
And Night's bright glories 'fore her splendours pale.<br />
Nymph of the hills, awake, awake<br />
Melodious answer to us make.<br />
What shall we sing to please the maiden shy,<br />
And lure her from the secret solitude,<br />
In which she dwells, withdrawn from every eye,<br />
Amid the deep recesses of the wood<br />
In whose green boughs is heard the joyous lay<br />
Of merry birds that greet the dawn of day P<br />
Echo, sweet Echo, hear no strain,<br />
Thy voice is bliss ; thy silence pain.<br />
Or shall we sing of love P. How Corydon,<br />
The shepherd boy, the fair Althea woo'd,<br />
How beauteous Thyrsis fair Nerissa won,<br />
Or fleet Alpheus Arethusa pursued,<br />
Or Cynthia stooped from heaven with look of love,<br />
While slept Endymion in the Latmian grove.<br />
Hark, comrades, hark with such a theme<br />
Steal softly on the dreamer's dream.<br />
“A Swatch o' Homespun,” by Agnes Marchbank<br />
(Edinburgh, R. W. Hunter), is a little story of a<br />
weaver in a Scotch village. The writer should be<br />
able to do better than this with study and work.<br />
Meantime she is working with good materials,<br />
and in the true spirit.<br />
“Tales of Famous Men” is the title of a series<br />
of papers which Mr. Joseph Hatton is writing for<br />
the Idler. They will be of a reminiscent cha-<br />
racter, with plenty of anecdote to justify the<br />
general title; and Mr. W. H. Margetson will<br />
If there is some-<br />
illustrate them. Mr. Hatton’s new novel, which<br />
is running in the weekly press of the old world<br />
and the new, will be published in March by<br />
Messrs. Hutchinson, who have already sold four<br />
editions of this author's latest book, “Under the<br />
Great Seal.” Mr. Hutchinson told a St. James’s<br />
Budget interviewer recently that his first great<br />
success as a publisher was with Mr. Hatton's<br />
“By Order of the Czar,” which is now in its<br />
fifteenth edition.<br />
Mr. Walter Wren has had to inform the<br />
secretary that a person is going about pretending<br />
that he is a relative of Mr. Wren, and that he is<br />
a member of the Incorporated Society of Authors.<br />
There is no member of the society named Wren.<br />
“Maud Marian, Artist” (Religious Tract<br />
Society), is a very pleasing and delicately written<br />
story by Eglanton Thorne, author of the “Old<br />
Worcester Jug,” &c., &c. The scene is laid at<br />
Rome. It is a book written and chiefly intended<br />
for girls.<br />
“Cavaliers and Roundheads in Barbados,” by<br />
N. Darnell Davis (Argosy Press, Georgetown,<br />
British Guiana), is a chapter in colonial history<br />
that was well worth the trouble of writing. The<br />
early history of Barbados is practically unknown<br />
to us. For instance, had it been known, a<br />
hundred years ago, that the right to be taxed<br />
only by their own representatives was recognised<br />
in the case of Barbados in 1652, it would not have<br />
refused to the Americans in the year 1770. There<br />
would have been no Declaration of Independence<br />
and no war.<br />
Frank Stockton's new book, called “Pomona, ’’<br />
(Cassell), went through the first edition in<br />
advance of publication.<br />
Boys, and those who make Christmas presents<br />
to boys, are here with invited to make a note of<br />
Max Pemberton's book of adventure, “The Sea.<br />
Wolves.”<br />
“The Highway of Sorrow,” by Hesba Stretton,<br />
and * * * is a work to be noted either for buy-<br />
ing or borrowing, and certainly for reading.<br />
A second edition of Mrs. Oliphant’s new novel<br />
“Who was Lost and is Found” (Blackwood<br />
and Sons) is announced.<br />
In Mr. Fairman Ordish’s “Early London<br />
Theatres '' (Elliot Stock) we have a work of<br />
original and patient research. It is worthy of a<br />
long article in the Quarterly Review. The<br />
author has made himself the sole authority for<br />
the future on the subject of the earliest theatres<br />
of London.<br />
The Navy Records Society have in preparation<br />
a second volume of State Papers relating to the<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 189 (#203) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
189<br />
Spanish Armada; they will next publish a volume<br />
of Naval Accounts of the Fifteenth Century.<br />
Mr. W. M. Conway has in preparation an<br />
account of the walk which he made last year from<br />
end to end of the Alps.<br />
Miss Frances Wood sends some extremely<br />
pretty Christmas cards. They are reproductions<br />
from Raphael, with verses under each. They are<br />
published by Messrs. Carr and Mason, Brunswick<br />
Works, Leamington.<br />
Mr. W. H. Besant, F.R.S., D.Sc., has in the<br />
press the ninth edition of his “Geometrical<br />
Conics,” and, as a supplement, his “Solutions of<br />
the Examples in the Geometrical Conics.”<br />
Certainly one of the most beautiful books of<br />
the season is Archdeacon Farrar’s “Life of<br />
Christ as Represented in Art.” It is illustrated<br />
by a long catena of early Christian symbols,<br />
mediaeval figures, pictures of the great masters,<br />
and by the painters of our own day, some of<br />
whom will perhaps be called great masters five<br />
hundred years hence. It is a book which should<br />
command a wide and immediate success. The<br />
publishers are Messrs. A. and C. Black.<br />
Readers are requested to make a note of<br />
“Robert Southey,” by John Dennis (Messrs.<br />
Bell.)<br />
Four biographies from one publisher (Edward<br />
Arnold). The first is “Alphonse Daudet,” by<br />
Robert Sherard; the others are Augustus Hare's<br />
“Maria Edgeworth,” Dean Hole’s “Memories,”<br />
and the Memoirs of Sir John Macdonald, by his<br />
Private Secretary.<br />
“The Memorials of St. James's Palace,” by<br />
Edgar Sheppard (Longmans), in two volumes, is<br />
really a splendid work. It is rather dear, but<br />
what is 36s. to one who loves his London P<br />
Another book for a student of the Great City<br />
is “London and the Kingdom,” by Reginald R.<br />
Sharpe, D.C.L. Dr. Sharpe is Records Clerk in<br />
the office of the Town Clerk of the City. The<br />
book is written from personal investigation of<br />
the City archives. It is a book for historians<br />
rather than itself a history.<br />
The second volume of Dr. Traill’s “Social<br />
England’’ is now ready. One is pleased to read<br />
that the book has already gone into a second<br />
edition.<br />
In translating Professor Errera’s “Russian<br />
Jews,” Miss Bella Löwy has executed a task<br />
of love. The book is an appeal for civilised<br />
treatment, fervid in its facts, which are startling,<br />
and convincing in its arguments, which are self-<br />
restrained in temper. One does not realise<br />
until the map is laid open how very small a<br />
space of the vast Russian Empire is open to the<br />
Jew for residence. He may live in Little Russia,<br />
West Russia, and South Russia; altogether over<br />
an area, very thinly populated, of one thousand<br />
miles in length by three hundred in breadth. In<br />
these pages one may read a story of persecution<br />
and oppression without parallel even in the<br />
Middle Ages. But there are charges brought<br />
against the Jews. They are moneylenders.<br />
“Yes,” replies Professor Errera in effect, “ some<br />
of them, no doubt. But four-fifths of them have<br />
no money to lend; and, besides, they are more<br />
honest than the Christian moneylender.” They<br />
sell spirits. They were made to do so. The<br />
nobles manufactured the spirit; the Jew was<br />
told to sell it. They are tricky in business.<br />
Their persecutions have made them so. And so<br />
on. The book is published by David Nutt,<br />
Strand.<br />
Professor Brander Matthews sends his new<br />
book, “Wignettes of Manhattan.” If for the<br />
pictures of New York alone, it would be a<br />
desirable volume. As a study for a stranger<br />
in New York manners, with their little differences<br />
compared with our own, the book is equally<br />
desirable. Perhaps, however, most desirable for<br />
the short stories and sketches which it contains.<br />
There is a most exciting story of a fire. There is<br />
the sketch of the broken-down man and his last<br />
dinner at Delmonico's ; and there is a visit to the<br />
slums, which is admirably done. There are more,<br />
but these will do.<br />
Here is a dainty little volume (Roxburghe<br />
Press, 3, Victoria-street, Westminster), dainty<br />
binding, dainty print, dainty paper—all to set off<br />
the translation by Julia Preston, of “The Moun-<br />
tain Lake, by the late Fredrich von Bodinstedt,”<br />
whose portrait is presented as a frontispiece.<br />
Von Bodinstedt is not widely known in this<br />
country. Indeed, of late years a strange indiffe-<br />
rence to German belles and lettres and poetry<br />
seems to have fallen upon us. The attempt of<br />
Miss Julia Preston to make a poet of meditation<br />
rather than action, and of emotion rather than<br />
passion better known, deserves encouragement.<br />
Her versification is simple and generally graceful.<br />
Here, for instance, is a little thing :<br />
When the Gates of Paradise wide open stand,<br />
Some pious souls for their reward drew near ;<br />
And a mingled multitude from every land<br />
IBow humbly down in hope, in doubt, or fear.<br />
I only of all the waiting sinners there,<br />
Shall at those portals without fear abide ;<br />
Long since on earth by thee, my Angel Fair,<br />
The Gates of Paradise were opened wide.<br />
“A Bread and Butter Miss,” by George<br />
Paston, author of “A Modern Amazon'' (Osgood,<br />
M“Ilvaine, and Co.), is a one-volume story, a<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 190 (#204) ############################################<br />
<br />
I 90<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
simple, pretty little story of a girl going to stay<br />
at a country house for the first time in her life,<br />
and her adventures there.<br />
“Three Generations of English Women,” by<br />
Janet Ross, tells the story of Susannah Taylor,<br />
Sarah Austin, and Tady Duff Gordon. This is a<br />
new and revised edition. Susannah Taylor was<br />
the wife of John Taylor, one of that remarkable<br />
family which has produced so many men<br />
and women distinguished for literary and<br />
scientific ability. Mrs. Austin, her daughter, was<br />
married to a man who began life in the army and<br />
became a lawyer. His health, however, decayed.<br />
and he retired from active life. Lucie, his only<br />
child, married Sir Alexander Duff Gordon. All<br />
three ladies were as lovely as they were accom-<br />
plished. The book principally consists of letters,<br />
as delightful as letters can be.<br />
Another little book of verses and translations<br />
—this time by William E. A. Axon. (The<br />
Ancoats Skylark. John Heywood, London and<br />
Manchester.) Here is a specimen. The French<br />
words are a folk-song current in Franche Comte.<br />
Ma pauvre enfant,<br />
Qui es dessous la terre ;<br />
Ma pauvre enfant,<br />
Soulève done ta pierre.<br />
Chère maman,<br />
Donnez m'y ma chemise;<br />
Chère maman<br />
IBien fort Souffle la bise.<br />
Ma pauvre enfant,<br />
Je n'ai pas la puissance,<br />
Ma pauvre enfant<br />
A toi toujours je pense.<br />
Chère maman,<br />
J'ai les deux mains gelées;<br />
Chère maman,<br />
Fit la langue sechée.<br />
Ma pauvre enfant,<br />
J'irai dessous la terre,<br />
Tout pres de toi<br />
Pour rechauffer la pierre.<br />
A string of sonnets on the death of a child.<br />
They are sonnets which are worth attention. The<br />
book is called “A Little Child’s Wreath.” If<br />
the treatment is suggested by “In Memoriam,”<br />
the form is different. The sonnets are of some-<br />
what unequal merit. The following, it will be<br />
seen, has the true ring:<br />
A quiet southern day; a quiet sea<br />
That scarcely breaks along the level sands.<br />
An ecstasy of little children's glee :<br />
A weight of grief that no one understands.<br />
My poor child,<br />
In thy grave alone;<br />
My poor child,<br />
Iłaise up thy stone.<br />
Oh! mother dear,<br />
I want my coat of green.<br />
Oh! mother dear,<br />
The wind whistles keen.<br />
My poor child,<br />
I have not the power ;<br />
My poor child,<br />
I think of thee each hour.<br />
Oh! mother dear,<br />
My hands are icy cold ;<br />
Oh! mother dear,<br />
So stiff they will not fold.<br />
My poor child,<br />
We will not live apart ;<br />
I'll creep into thy grave<br />
And warm thee on my heart.<br />
Slow moving sails with curves of grace complete<br />
As ever beauty-loving pencil drew ;<br />
A ceaseless play of pretty hands and feet;<br />
A want for ever deep, for ever new.<br />
Peace on the teeming earth, goodwill and peace<br />
In the clear blue and floating cloudlets white;<br />
Crownéd the land with joy of her increase,<br />
Crushed my desire and vanished my delight.<br />
A seabird said, “I know, I know the pain,<br />
He will not see the summer tide again.”<br />
Mr. John B. Mackie, Fellow of the Institute of<br />
Journalists, who writes from the North-Eastern<br />
Daily Gazette, Middlesbrough, has written a<br />
book called “Modern Journalism : a Handbook<br />
for the Young Journalist.” There is plenty of<br />
room for such a book at the present moment, when<br />
the rush into journalism is opening it to the most<br />
desperate competition. The first result, one fears,<br />
will be a lowering of salaries and pay; the next<br />
step, however, will be the establishment of new<br />
papers in every direction; thirdly, the competi-<br />
tion of proprietors will run up salaries again for<br />
the best men. Mr. Mackie's book takes a man<br />
into every branch of a newspaper—shorthand<br />
writing, reporting, sub-editing, leader writing, and<br />
editing. It seems a most complete book; it is<br />
certainly one which every young journalist should<br />
study till he has it by heart. Above all, let him<br />
read, mark, and learn what is said as to silence<br />
concerning the internal machinery of the paper,<br />
and what is said, and very well said, as to the<br />
power and the responsibilities of the Press.<br />
Mr. John A. Steuart's new novel, “In the Day<br />
of Battle '' (three vols., Sampson Iow, Marston,<br />
and Co.), belongs to the school of the older<br />
romance. But the tale of battle has an interest<br />
that never palls, and there are few whose pulse<br />
will not beat quicker as they read of the doughty<br />
deeds of the long lost Donald Gordon, who is<br />
discovered in the disguise of a Bedouin freelance.<br />
Mr. Steuart has succeeded in giving his tale an<br />
almost breathless realism ; and if it is success to<br />
drive his reader on from page to page until one<br />
reaches the last he has certainly succeeded. From<br />
beginning to end the interest never flags, and that<br />
is saying much. His plot, perhaps, is not very<br />
strong nor very novel, but it serves merely as the<br />
hinge on which to hang a succession of curdling<br />
adventures dear to the heart of all boys and<br />
ImOst men.<br />
Mr. F. B. Doveton's new volume of verse is<br />
now ready.<br />
e- * *-*.<br />
CORRESPONDENCE.<br />
I.—THE LAUREATESHIP.<br />
AM very glad to see that you have taken up<br />
the question of the failure of the Government<br />
to appoint a Poet Laureate. It is now nearly<br />
two years since the vacancy occurred, and surely<br />
it behoves all authors, whether poets or not, to<br />
prevent this single recognition of literature by<br />
the State being abandoned if they can prevent it.<br />
If chaplains or physicians to the Queen were to<br />
cease to be appointed, would not the discontent<br />
of the clergy and the doctors make itself felt P<br />
<br />
<br />
## p. 191 (#205) ############################################<br />
<br />
THE AUTHOR.<br />
I9 I<br />
The salary is only £75 a year. It does not<br />
matter a penny postage to any of us except the<br />
person appointed, upon whom the choice of the<br />
Queen may fall; but I say that it is a slight to<br />
all of us that no appointment should be made.<br />
Nov. 19. A PROSE WRITER.<br />
II.-SPLITTING INFINITIVES.<br />
There is a point in connection with composition<br />
on which your advice might be of essential<br />
service to young writers. I wrote a book—<br />
the name of which I give for your private<br />
information—that was favourably reviewed by<br />
various papers, and very properly slated by a cer-<br />
tain critic; the unforgivable error I had com-<br />
mitted being the splitting of infinitives. But,<br />
discussing this matter with a literary friend, I<br />
inquired whether it was allowable ever to split a<br />
verb at all; the reply being promptly in the<br />
negative. I accepted this dictum, and proposed<br />
to myself an earnest study of the writings of our<br />
great masters, so that I might improve my own<br />
defective style. For it occurred to me, and it<br />
may have occurred to others, that it is often very<br />
difficult to give the proper sense to a sentence, by<br />
a too rigid and pedantic adherence to what, for<br />
all I know to the contrary, may be a very sound<br />
rule. I have, however, given up my proposed<br />
search, for by the merest chance I came across, in<br />
the Standard of the 7th inst., a letter from Mr.<br />
Froude to Dr. Fischer, of Armagh, dated the 5th<br />
May, 1882.<br />
Certainly Mr. Froude nowhere splits his infini-<br />
tives; but the accompanying extracts from that<br />
letter show that Mr. Froude was in the habit of<br />
repeatedly splitting his other tenses. The italics<br />
are my own, and are inserted merely to mark<br />
where it would seem to me that the infractions of<br />
an accepted rule have occurred:—“Your book<br />
which you have so kindly sent me,” &c.—“I have<br />
only to tell you,” &c.—“ and will, by and bye, be<br />
universally accepted,” &c.—“ which he was all<br />
his life insisting on,” &c.—“that he alone in the<br />
British empire saw,” &c.<br />
Thus in a letter of thirty-four printed lines,<br />
the great historian five times splits his verbs.<br />
The question then is, whether this practice is or<br />
is not permissible?—Your obedient servant,<br />
1588.<br />
III.-CRITICAL AND EDITORIAL AMENITIES.<br />
The editor has, I fancy, rather misunderstood<br />
my drift in my letter on “Editorial Amenities,”<br />
in last Author. (1) I complained of the lack of<br />
common courtesy in no eaglanation being given of<br />
the change of front. (2) I did not want reasons.<br />
I only wished to know the fate of MSS. (4) I<br />
did not expect the critic to change his opinion,<br />
but I reckoned on his having generosity enough<br />
to be glad his verdict was falsified in re the<br />
Fairy Tale, and to tell me so. (5) An editor<br />
who professed to value highly his contributor—<br />
as was the case here—would have been compli-<br />
mented by being asked for a review by him.<br />
Resentment seems absurd. Toes it not P<br />
AN AUTHOR.<br />
*— - ~"<br />
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THE AUTHOR.<br />
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